taxonID	type	description	language	source
038C4E37FFA41D06FF330E82FA47FDAF.taxon	description	REDESCRIPTION. Body minute to large (BL = 1.6 – 6.2 mm); broad oval to elongate oval; unicolored brown or bicolored orange-brown and black. Male. Rostrum: coarsely punctate to denticulate on dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces, degree of denticulation often increasing with size of individual, rostral length / pronotal length (RL / PL) = 0.56 – 1.44 (n = 343); maxillae with prominent mala bearing both filamentous and flattened setae, stipes with prominent notch along edge of socket where palpifer and palps are inserted; maxillary palps 3 - segmented (Fig. 269): palpifer (segment basal to 3 - segmented palps) partially retracted into stipes, mean length = 0.23 (range = 0.15 – 0.40) X own width; segment 1 with prominent seta emergent from side, mean length = 0.41 (range = 0.26 – 0.55) X own width and 1.72 (range = 1.0 – 3.45) X length of palpifer; segment 2 subequal in length and shape to segment 1 but slightly narrower, mean width = 0.86 (range = 0.76 – 1.0) X width of segment 1; segment 3 truncate with short setae (<1 / 3 width of segment) at apex, mean length = 1.28 (0.83 – 1.58) X own width and 2.20 (range = 1.78 – 3.25) X length of segment 1; labial palps 2 - or 3 - segmented, each segment subequal in width, nonterminal segments (n = 13 species with 2 nonterminal segments) subequal in length, terminal segment with short setae (<1 / 3 width of segment) at apex, mean length = 1.87 (range = 1.44 – 2.29) X own width and 2.01 (range = 1.38 – 2.83) X length of preceding segment (s). Head: forehead with longitudinal median sulcus; with or without postocular transverse groove; punctation present; fine reticulation between punctation visible at high magnification (40 – 100 X) or absent and smooth. Antennae: insertion facing anteriad or ventrad; with 11 articles; length of scape useful for distinguishing some genera and species, = 0.68 – 2.60 X eye length and 0.76 – 1.67 X length of desmomeres 1 – 2 together (n = 114), desmomeres 1 – 2 elongate, approximately twice own width, 3 – 4 transitional from elongate to rounded, 5 – 7 rounded, moniliform, apical 3 rhopalomeres forming compressed club, the basal 2 on both sides of distal end each with 1 – 3 deep, circular, oval or elongate pits wider or narrower than diameter of socket of apical rhopalomere (Figs. 101 – 124), latter narrowing to rounded point. Eyes: dorsal interocular distance relative to head width at eye = 0.28 – 0.56 (n = 221); postocular head width <or> than head width at eye. Prothorax: with impressed line parallel to anterior margin, forming distinct thickened anterior collar (Fig. 268), or line absent and margin smooth and gradually thinning to sharp edge (seen in frontal view), fine hairs fringing anterior margin present or absent; ratio of pronotal width to length (PW / PL) = 1.11 – 1.65 (n = 359); punctation present; fine reticulation between punctation visible at high magnification (40 – 100 X) or absent; notopleural sutures short and not extending far from procoxae, or long and reaching anterior edge of prosternum; distance between anterior margin of procoxae and anterior margin of prosternum 0.6 – 6.0 X distance to posterior margin of prosternum (n = 217); procoxal cavities separated by sclerotized, black septum (Fig. 270) or confluent. Legs: profemora on ventrodistal surface with or without spines, pegs or granulations; asymmetrically swollen or not; ventroproximal surface rounded or with ridge. Elytra: punctation present; fine reticulation between punctation visible at high magnification (40 – 100 X) or absent and elytra smooth. Wings: venation (Figs. 97 – 100) (based on Zherikin & Gratshev 1995) with up to four anal veins, identified herein from distal to proximal position as 1 A 1, 1 A 2, 2 A, 3 A, presence of and relative lengths varying between genera; rm vein sclerotized or not, confluent with Mr vein, forming, or not, proximal spur of varying length beyond confluence with rm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: smooth and shining, RL / PL = 1.02 – 1.95 (n = 290); never overlapping with male RL / PL within species. Prothorax: PW / PL = 1.17 – 1.74 (n = 311), overlapping with male PW / PL or not, within species. Legs: profemora on ventrodistal surface always without spines, pegs or granulations. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.68 – 1.64 mm, curved ventrally (Figs. 125 – 172). Penis: of pedotectal type, in shape varying from troughlike to dorso-ventrally flattened tube, in dorsal view 2.0 – 3.4 X own width; pedon with lateral walls sclerotized, smooth except for granular texture on basal section at junction with apodemes and protuberances at apex, floor (ventral wall) with apical 4 / 5 sclerotized, smooth except for protuberances at apex; dorsum mostly membranous except for three regions: 1) sclerotized transverse bridge at base where tectum joins apodemes (in Parallocorynus, Figs. 149 – 172, and to lesser degree in Protocorynus and Notorhopalotria, Figs. 125 – 134); 2) sclerotized strip along each lateral margin, extending from base to about middle of apex and appearing contiguous with lateral walls, width of each strip <1 / 5 width of pedon present in all species (Figs. Odd-numbered 125 – 171); 3) basally of orifice two sclerotized lobes, or orificial plates, one extending from each lateral margin meeting or nearly meeting at midline and forming double door-like structure located underneath tectum membrane, appearing to tilt upward in dorsal direction facilitating extrusion of internal sac, weakly sclerotized, but visible in Protocorynus, and indistinct in Notorhopalotria, present in all species, orifice usually indistinct except where distal end of orificial plates bends and / or extrudes, apical ends of orificial plates continuous with apex of internal sac in retracted position; apical area of pedon exhibiting several diagnostic characters in dorsal view (Fig. 173 – 196): 1) shape of lateral folds; 2) pattern of studding, with protuberances of lateral folds and ventral surface of apex diagnostic or not; 3) amount of tapering or degree of rounding of apex; 4) degree of curvature in lateral margins; 5) structure at orifice, such as presence of sclerotized knobs (Figs. 189 – 190) or consistent pattern of curvature or folding of orificial plates in certain species groups (e. g., Figs. 195 – 196); two laterally flattened apodemes extending basad seamlessly from lateral base of pedon, in lateral view straight to curving ventrally, dorsal margins thickened, especially in apical half, expanding gradually basad until rounding at basal end; in dorsal view apodemes parallel to convergent, with convergence most pronounced at basal end, inner surfaces slightly concave, in basal portion concavity becoming more pronounced along dorsal edge, forming dorsoventrally flattened shelf angled medially at approximately 90 ˚. Internal sac: membranous; with sections covered by non-overlapping spicules of small or medium size (Protocorynus, Notorhopalotria, Rhopalotria, some Parallocorynus) or larger overlapping scales (most Parallocorynus; Figs. 149 – 172, 237 – 239); rod-like, sinuate sclerite (“ endophallic strut ”) in some Parallocorynus but absent in other genera, along ventral midline of apical half of internal sac, providing rigidity (Figs. 149 – 160); barbed structure (“ endophallic dart ”) at apex in Parallocorynus but absent in other genera, visible in fully extruded (Figs. 238 A – B) as well as in retracted (Figs. 149 – 172) internal sac; pair of sclerites (“ transfer apparatus ”) in Rhopalotria but absent in other genera, each located on either side of midline, in fully extruded internal sac of R. slossoni located in center and pointing dorsad (Fig. 237); in Notorhopalotria other sclerotized structures (“ endophallic sclerites ”) not yet fully elucidated due to paucity and / or condition of available specimens (Figs. 127, 132). Tegmen: (Fig. 197 – 212) lacking parameres or parameral lobes; consisting of sclerotized apical plate positioned at rest above penis, lateral margins curving ventrad, forming walls of <half dorsal width of apical plate; manubrium attached at ventrolateral basal angle of plate by membranous or weakly sclerotized tissue, about as long as apical plate, meeting and fusing basally, also joined apicaly by dorsal arch-like membrane often only partially sclerotized; dorsal arch in some species with pair of basal extensions and also extending distad underneath basal section of apical plate or further nearly to apex of apical plate, dorsal arch fused to ventral side of apical plate; manubrium, dorsal arch and basal end of apical plate together forming girdle around penis and joined to it by connective tissue, through which penis slides during extrusion from body for copulation (Figs. 237 – 239); tegmen apical plate extruding halfway out of abdomen when internal sac inflated; apical plate possessing 11 taxonomically useful characters, including: size, texture, length relative to width, amount of tapering, length of apical setae relative to width of apical plate, number of setae, variation in setal length along apex, presence or absence of apical visor clearly demarcated from apex by crease, present in Rhopalotria as relatively flat extension of dorsal surface, Figs. 201 – 204, 218 – 224; in Protocorynus as strongly transversely arched visor forming 3 / 4 circle, Figs. 197 – 198, 213), length of apical visor relative to width (distinguishing species within Rhopalotria), apical margin able to curl in ventral direction along transverse axis, not rigid (distinguishing Parallocorynus from other genera, Figs. 205 – 212, 225 – 236), curling of apical plate along longitudinal axis, not rigid (distinguishing Notorhopalotria from other genera, Figs. 199 – 200, 214 – 217). Female. Sternite VIII: consisting of two posterior arms fused basally and forming apodeme (Figs. 240 – 265); fusion gradual, point of demarcation not distinguishable; basal end of apodeme various within species, spatulate or expanding suddenly forming flared tip or not; with spicules partly covering membranous tissue extending between arms; membranous tissue also extending beyond lateral edges of arms and curving dorsad, connecting with ovipositor; distal half of arms and membrane extending just off lateral edges with studding protuberances; posterior margin between arms usually membranous, sclerotized in some species, fringe of setae extending along margin between apices of arms; shorter and less numerous setae located submarginally or not (diagnostic characters including: length of arms relative to apodeme, angle of insertion of arms to apodeme, degree of angulation or curvature in arms, transverse length of posterior fringe of setae relative to maximum distance between arms, length of setae and number of setae). Spermathecal tube: length useful in distinguishing some genera, subgenera and species; spermathecal tube highly coiled or twisted (Figs. 264 – 265) or not; often flattened and expanding near junction with oviduct; appearing smooth in texture or covered with fine glandular filaments (Protocorynus). Ovipositor: consisting of two pairs of longitudinal gonocoxites encased in membranous sac (Figs. 266 – 267); distal apices of longer inner pair each possessing subapical, laterally directed stylus, each distal apex and stylus with setae; membranous tissue joining gonocoxites, preventing their simultaneous lateral separation and interfering with dissection; not used as diagnostic character.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFA41D06FF330E82FA47FDAF.taxon	description	- Bicolored black and pale brown or unicolorous pale brown; if unicolorous pale brown then arms of sternite VIII ~ as long as apodeme; notopleural sutures reaching or nearly reaching anterior margin of prosternum; scape length 0.86 – 1.45 (mean = 1.20) X length of desmomeres 1 + 2 ............................................ Rhopalotria Chevrolat. ....... 8 5 (4) Rostral length / pronotal length> 1.3; pronotal surface domed and with heavy punctation (average distance between punctures 2 X own width) ..................................................................... western Panama group 6 - Rostral length / pronotal length <1.3; pronotal surface flat and with moderate punctation (average distance between punctures 3 X own width) ..................................................................... eastern Panama group 7 6 (5) Pronotum without dark maculation; on epiphytic Zamia pseudoparasitica in Panama ........... N. taylori Tang & O’Brien - Pronotum usually with dark maculation in center; on terrestrial species of Zamia in eastern Costa Rica and western Panama ....................................................................... N. montgomeryensis O’Brien & Tang 7 (5) Pronotal height / width ratio <0.4; body length 1.6 – 1.9 mm; on Zamia obliqua in Colombia .... N. platysoma Tang & O’Brien - Pronotal height / width ratio> 0.4; body length usually larger, 1.8 – 2.4 mm; on Zamia in Panama ................................................................................................... N. panamensis O’Brien & Tang 8 (4) Elytra completely brown ............................................. R. (Allocorynus) Sharp (in part) ........ 9 Elytra completely or partially black ...................................................................... 11 9 (8) Dorsal interocular distance / head width at eyes 0.37 – 0.44; elytral length / elytral width> 1.19; arms of sternite VIII shorter than apodeme (Fig. 250); on Zamia decumbens in Belize ................................. R. (A.) calonjei Tang & O’Brien - Dorsal interocular distance / head width at eyes 0.28 – 0.38; elytral length / elytral width <1.19; arms of sternite VIII longer than apodeme (Figs. 248 – 249); in Mexico ................................................................... 10 10 (9) Dorsal interocular distance / head width at eyes = or <0.31; arms of sternite VIII forming “ V ” shape (Fig. 248); in Durango and on Zamia paucijuga on Pacific side of Oaxaca, Mexico ....................................... R. (A.) mollis (Sharp) - Dorsal interocular distance / head width at eyes> 0.31; arms of sternite VIII forming “ U ” shape (Fig. 249); on various species of Zamia on Atlantic side of eastern Mexico ..................................... R. (A.) furfuracea O’Brien & Tang 11 (8) Elytra completely black ............................................................................... 12 - Elytra with apical half black and part of basal half brown ................ R. (Rhopalotria) Chevrolat (in part) ........ 13 12 (11) Scutellum with long hair, rostral length / pronotal length> 1.7; anterior pronotal margin with complete fringe of fine hairs; head and pronotum smooth, without fine reticulation; on Dioon spinulosum in eastern Mexico ............................................................................. R. (Allocorynus) Sharp (in part), R. (A.) vovidesi O’Brien & Tang - Scutellum without long hair, rostral length / pronotal length <1.4; anterior pronotal margin with incomplete fringe of fine hairs; head and pronotum with fine reticulation visible at high magnification 40 – 100 X; on Zamia sp. in Jamaica ............................................................. R. (Rhopalotria) Chevrolat (in part), R. (R.) meerowi Tang & O’Brien 13 (11) Elytra with basal 1 / 4 completely brown; in West Indies .................................. R. (R.) dimidiata Chevrolat - Elytra with only humeral angles brown, remainder black; in Florida ........................ R. (R.) slossoni (Schaeffer) 14 (3) Body uniformly brown; arms of sternite VIII sharply angulate, bent at nearly 90 ̊ (Figs. 258 – 259); spermathecal tube longer than apodeme of sternite VIII (Fig. 264); on Dioon in western Mexico from Sonora to Guerrero ....................................................................................... P. (Dysicorynus) Tang & O’Brien ........ 17 - Body bicolored black and brown or black and orange-brown; arms of sternite VIII rounded or moderately angulate, forming angle> 145 ̊ (Figs. 252 – 257); spermathecal tube shorter than apodeme of sternite VIII (Fig. 265); in eastern or southern Mexico ................................................................................................ 15 15 (14) Rostral length / pronotal length 1.77 – 1.95; pronotal width / pronotal length 1.33 – 1.45 ... P. (Eocorynus) Tang & O’Brien … 23 - Rostral length / pronotal length 1.27 – 1.75; pronotal width / pronotal length 1.17 – 1.51 ................................ 16 16 (15) Pronotal width / pronotal length 1.17 – 1.27; tibiae brownish; metathorax orange-brown; arms of sternite VIII rounded ....................................................................... P. (Neocorynus) O’Brien & Tang ........ 24 - Pronotal width / pronotal length 1.23 – 1.51; tibiae brown to black; metathorax orange-brown to black; arms of sternite VIII angulate .............................................................. P. (Parallocorynus) Voss ........ 18 17 (14) Pronotum with pair of foveae on disc, ca. 1 / 4 from basal margin and 1 / 8 from lateral margin (Fig. 77) ............................................................................................ P. (D.) sonorensis O’Brien & Tang - Pronotum without foveae ..................................................... P. (D.) andrewsi Tang & O’Brien 18 (16) Venter uniformly brownish; desmomere 1 usually not asymmetric; on Dioon angustifolium and D. edule complex in eastern Mexico ............................................................................................ 19 - Meso- and metasternite and sometimes abdomen black or partly black; desmomere 1 strongly asymmetric; on other Dioon species in southern Mexico ............................................................................... 20 19 (18) Elytra completely or almost completely black; elytral length / pronotal length 2.56 – 2.86 (mean = 2.70); on Dioon angustifolium and related forms of Dioon from Nuevo León to San Luis Potosi, Mexico ............... P. (P.) norstogi O’Brien & Tang - Elytra basal half – 3 / 4 brown, remaining portion shades of brown to black; elytral length / pronotal length 2.70 – 3.12 (mean = 2.86); on Dioon edule in Veracruz, Mexico .................................... P. (P.) perezfarrerai Tang & O’Brien 20 (18) Color of scutellum, mesothorax, abdomen and meso- and metafemora always black, contrasting with orange-brown of pronotum; on Dioon argenteum-califanoi-purpusii complex in south central Mexico ............ P. (P.) gregoryi O’Brien & Tang - Color of scutellum, mesepisterna, mesepimera, abdomen and / or meso- and metafemora usually orange-brown, contrasting with black of elytra; in southern Mexico .................................................................. 21 21 (20) Pronotal width / pronotal length = 1.28 – 1.51 (mean = 1.43); on Dioon merolae in Chiapas and southern Oaxaca, Mexico .................................................................................. P. (P.) jonesi O’Brien & Tang - Pronotal width / pronotal length = 1.23 – 1.40 (mean = 1.32 – 1.33); on Dioon holmgrenii along Pacific slope of Oaxaca or D. caputoi complex in southern Puebla and northern Oaxaca, Mexico ............................................. 22 22 (21) On Dioon holmgrenii along Pacific slope of Oaxaca, Mexico ........................... P. (P.) salasae Tang & O’Brien - Dioon caputoi complex in southern Puebla and northern Oaxaca, Mexico ...................... P. (P.) bicolor (Voss) 23 (15) Elytra completely black; forehead black and contrasting with brownish color of lateral and ventral parts of head (exclusive of rostrum and eyes) .......................................................... P. (E.) chemnicki Tang & O’Brien - Elytra predominantly brown; head (exclusive of rostrum and eyes) uniformly brown in color ..................................................................................................... P. (E.) schiblii Tang & O’Brien 24 (16) Dorsal interocular distance / head width at eye 0.40 – 0.49 (mean = 0.43); on Dioon edule in Veracruz, Mexico ........................................................................................ P. (N.) iglesiasi Tang & O’Brien - Dorsal interocular distance / head width at eye 0.45 – 0.51 (mean = 0.48); on Dioon angustifolium and related forms of Dioon from Nuevo León to San Luis Potosi, Mexico .................................. P. (N.) inexpectatus O’Brien & Tang	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFA91D01FF330C8DFB2EFBB0.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Protocorynus bontai O’Brien and Tang, new species	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFA91D01FF330C8DFB2EFBB0.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS: Pronotum dark orange with a median black macula at base, sometimes extending to anterior margin; pronotal width relative to pronotal length 1.35 – 1.65 in males and 1.60 – 1.74 in females; penis strongly flattened dorsoventrally; apical plate of tegmen with apical visor strongly curved transversely to form 3 / 4 circle; wing with 1 A 1 vein present and shorter than 1 A 2; wing rm vein sclerotized and forming one continuous vein with Mr vein.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFA91D01FF330C8DFB2EFBB0.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body medium-sized to large (BL 3.4 – 5.2 mm); very robust, elongate broad-oval; dorsal surface bicolored dark orange to black, with portion of elytra and median area of pronotum partially black and other parts of body shades of orange-brown. Male. Rostrum: coarsely punctate, 1.01 – 1.19 X longer than pronotum (n = 17); labial palps 3 - segmented. Head: without postocular transverse groove. Antennae: insertion facing ventrad; scape length 1.34 – 1.54 X eye length and 1.39 – 1.67 X length of desmomeres 1 + 2 (n = 5), rhopalomeres 1 and 2 each with one curved elongate pit on distal surface rimming each side (visible at 40 X magnification; Fig. 101), pit width ~ or <diameter of socket of terminal rhopalomere. Eyes: dorsal interocular distance / head width at eye 0.37 – 0.42 X; postocular head width 0.90 – 0.93 X head width at eye (n = 10). Prothorax: with sharply impressed line parallel to anterior margin of pronotum, forming distinct thickened, sclerotized anterior collar; anterior margin fringed with fine hairs; pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) 1.45 – 1.65 (n = 17); notopleural sutures short and not reaching anterior edge of prosternum; distance between anterior margin of procoxae and anterior margin of prosternum 2.0 – 4.2 (mean = 3.4) X distance between posterior margin of procoxae and posterior margin of prosternum; sclerotized, black septum completely separating procoxal cavities; pronotum and dorsal surface of head and profemora without fine reticulation visible under high magnification (40 – 100 X). Legs: profemora without spines, pegs or granulations on ventral surface; not asymmetrically swollen. Wings: four anal veins present, 1 A 1 obsolete and reaching only short distance beyond margin, 1 A 2 and 2 A longer, 3 A nearly reaching margin; rm vein sclerotized, posterior end forming one continuous vein with Mr vein and confluence forming 60 ˚ angle (Fig. 97). Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.55 – 1.76 X longer than pronotum (n = 11), on average 53 % greater than in males. Eyes: postocular head width 0.94 – 1.03 X head width at eye (n = 10). Pronotum: PW / PL 1.61 – 1.74 (n = 10), on average 7 % greater than in males. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.53 – 1.56 mm (n = 3). Penis: pedon strongly dorsoventrally flattened (Figs. 125 – 126), folding sharply at sides and continuing onto dorsal surface forming two parallel sclerotized folds along length except for apex, sides parallel except near apex, width (except near apex) 0.14 mm, apex in dorsal view (Fig. 173) widening distally from juncture with rest of penis to orifice, then narrowed, sides evenly rounded, convex, 0.17 mm at widest point, tip protruding into rounded point, orifice visible as longitudinal slit on membranous surface, or indiscernible; usually no dorsal sclerotized transverse bridge visible at junction with apodemes; apodemes 0.60 X as long as penis, in lateral view widening from junction with penis basad for 1 / 4 of length, then of equal width for 3 / 4 of length until rounded at base, bent ventrally from midpoint to base. Internal sac: membranous with spicules on distal portion, no other sclerotized structures visible, in retracted position protruding slightly from base between apodemes. Tegmen: apical plate in dorsal view (Figs. 197, 213) about twice as long as wide, rigid without ability to curl ventrally along longitudinal axis, sides subparallel until flaring at apical, visor-like structure, latter strongly curved transversely to form approximately 3 / 4 circle, apical margin broadly rounded in dorsal view, fringed along dorsal and lateral margins by numerous (> 30) setae, latter <20 % as wide as apical plate, setae along ventral margin of visor> 20 % as wide as apical plate; manubrium connecting with dorsal arch relatively far from own junction with apical plate, at ~ 1 / 4 length from distal end of manubrium; dorsal arch extending underneath apical plate nearly to apex of apical plate, apical edge fringed with filaments or setae appearing continuous with setae of apical plate visor, ventral surface with spicules, especially in basal section. Female. Sternite VIII: 1.20 – 1.26 mm long (n = 3), arms ~ as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme with gradually increasing angle between arms for ~ 3 / 5 of length to a maximum angle of 50 ˚, then curving inward but without sharp angulate bend, then converging in final 3 / 10 of length, apices not touching; length of apical band of setae <maximum width between arms (Fig. 240). Spermathecal tube: not flattened, coiled or twisted, external surface covered with fine filaments, length <half length of apodeme of sternite VIII. Etymological Note — The name of the genus is masculine and latinized from the Greek words protos (first) and koryne (club), indicating its position as the phylogenetically most basal genus of Allocorynina known to us. Remarks — As here delimited this genus corresponds to the “ Honduras ” species group of Tang & O’Brien (2012). Morphology of the genitalia and molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene (Tang et al. in prep.) indicate that this genus is the most distinct and basal of the Allocorynina. It’s only known host is a species of Dioon restricted to Honduras within the Chortis Block. The Chortis Block is a continental fragment of land that has moved gradually eastward from a position during the Cretaceous on the western side of Mexico to its present position southeast of the Yucatan Peninsula. It has been partly isolated from the rest of Mesoamerica by seaways and mountains during this time period (Coates, 1997). The Chortis Block is a candidate for the geographic origin of the extant Allocorynina inhabiting New World cycads and the genus Dioon is likely the original host lineage. Host and Geographic Distribution — Known only from one cycad species, Dioon mejiae, which is confined to Honduras, ca. 700 km east of the next-closest species of Dioon in Mexico (Haynes & Bonta, 2007).	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFAE1D00FF330AB6FB12FB93.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body medium-sized to large (range 3.4 – 5.2 mm, mean = 4.5 mm, n = 26), very robust, elongate broad-oval; bicolored, black and orange. Male (holotype). Rostrum: very long, 1.18 X longer than pronotum; orange to piceus, paler basally; strongly coarsely punctate dorsally from base nearly to apex, not denticulate; weakly expanded near apex; very weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view. Head: behind eyes and vertex with moderately dense, moderately fine, shallow punctures; forehead with distinct, long, narrow, deep, median sulcus, forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.61 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes; eyes small, bulging, with edge produced by narrowing of eye at junction with head. Antennae: with scape 1.25 X longer than eye and 0.75 X as long as desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 5 elongate, 6 – 7 slightly shorter and strongly transverse; scape and desmomeres 1 – 5 pale yellowish, 6 – 7 dark brown; club with rhopalomeres 1 – 2 piceus to black, apical rhopalomere pale brown in apical half. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.45 X wider than long; as wide as elytral base; apex moderately narrow, evenly roundly expanding to basal 1 / 4, there strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, with moderately large, shallow, moderately coarse punctures; disc with fine, small, sparse, widely separate punctures; dark orange, with median, basal, black macula. Scutellum: with lateral margins straight and angled, trapezoidal; apically broadly rounded; with densely rugose small punctures and scarcely evident, short, fine, recumbent, pale setae. Elytra: 0.69 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri to expanded declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to slightly emarginate apices; with small, fine, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface; overall smooth, not shagreened; basally and medially pale brown, laterally brownish black. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae moderately convex, with small apical tubercle; profemora symmetrical, not swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins with at most weak obtuse process, dorsally moderately punctate, appearing shagreened; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base angulately rounded with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly broadly excavate from middle and broadened to near apex, groove not denticulate, clothed densely with long fine setae, apex with scarcely visible small anterior mucro, and subequal tooth. Length, pronotum and elytra: 4.10 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.64 X longer than pronotum; very weakly, evenly curved. Prothorax: 1.64 X wider than long; not wider than elytral base; apex narrow, strongly rounded from narrowed apex to slightly narrowed base. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.80 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — See Figs. 125 – 126, 173, 197 – 198, 213, 240 and generic description. Intraspecific Variation — In the two series examined there is a consistent difference in the ratio of the rostral length relative to the pronotal length of the males, 1.01 – 1.08 (n = 10) vs. 1.07 – 1.19 (n = 7). Molecular sequences of the 16 S rRNA marker of the two series, however, are identical. Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of Mark Bonta, who collected part of the type series, and for his contributions to the conservation and ethnobotany of Mexican and Central American cycads. Remarks — This species is the only one known in the genus. Morphologically it can be distinguished from all other Allocorynina by the black maculation on its pronotum, which extends from the basal margin and may reach the anterior margin. Only one other species of Allocorynina, Notorhopalotria montgomeryensis, displays a maculation on the pronotum, which however does not reach the margins. The dorsoventrally flattened penis of Protocorynus bontai is distinct from the trough-shaped penis of all other Allocorynina. Biology — Inhabiting the male cones of Dioon mejiae. Range — Known to occur in Honduras only at the type locality in Olancho; its host, Dioon mejiae, occurs in the departments of Colón, Olancho and Yoro (Haynes & Bonta 2007). Material Examined. Holotype, male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] HONDURAS: Olancho, / Rio Grande N. Gualaco, / Aug 3, 2002, Wells, / Bonta, Ulloa et al.; 2) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] Dioon mejiae; 3) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Protocorynus / bontai / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, ex ♂ cone Dioon mejiae, V- 2011, Onan Reyes (700). Paratypes (716) are deposited in ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, INBio, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFAF1D03FF330AD5FDC6F835.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Notorhopalotria taylori Tang and O’Brien, new species	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFAF1D03FF330AD5FDC6F835.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Notorhopalotria can be distinguished from other Allocorynina by the following diagnostic characters: ventrodistal surface of profemora in males with a pair of stout spines or two rows of teeth or pegs that are located well away from the apical pit that receives the base of the tibia in repose (Figs. 271 – 272) (as opposed to only one spine, a pair of spines located at the margin of the apical pit, a field of granules ‒ 3 or more granules in width, or lacking processes); tegmen with maximum apical setal length greater than width of apical plate; apical plate not rigid, flexible with margins able to curl in ventral direction along longitudinal axis; wing anal venation much reduced: 2 A present, 1 A 1, 1 A 2 missing and 3 A obsolete beyond its confluence with 2 A.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFAF1D03FF330AD5FDC6F835.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body minute to medium-sized (BL = 1.6 – 4.0 mm); elongate oval; unicolored brown except with dark maculation on center of pronotum in one species (N. montgomeryensis). Male. Rostrum: rugose to denticulate on dorsal and dorsolateral surfaces, degree of denticulation increasing with size of individual; 0.56 – 0.97 X as long as pronotum (n = 33); labial palps 2 - segmented. Head: without postocular transverse groove. Antennae: insertion facing ventrad; scape length = 0.78 – 1.19 X eye length and 1.09 – 1.64 X length of desmomeres 1 + 2 (n = 17), rhopalomeres 1 & 2 of club with field of 3 pits on each side (visible at 112.5 X magnification; Figs. 102 – 105), central pit largest and often with filaments along rim pointing to center, adjoining pit occasionally fused with central pit into one pit with irregular outline (Fig. 105), pit diameter <diameter of socket of apical rhopalomere. Eyes: dorsal interocular distance / head width at eye = 0.29 – 0.42; postocular head width = 0.98 – 1.16 X head width at eye (n = 32). Prothorax: without impressed line paralleling anterior margin, no distinct thickened sclerotized anterior collar, marginal region smooth and gradually thinning toward margin articulating with head; fine hairs fringing anterior margin of pronotum visible at 40 – 112.5 X magnification, but always obsolete or possibly worn off on dorsum in area bounded by eyes; pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.21 – 1.49 (n = 32); notopleural suture short and not reaching near anterior margin of prosternum; distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 0.7 – 1.2 X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior margin of prosternum; sclerotized, black septum completely separating procoxal cavities; individuals with pronotum, dorsal surface of head and profemora with fine reticulation visible under high magnification 40 – 100 X. Legs: profemora asymmetrically swollen in major males, ventrodistal surface with two parallel spines or parallel rows of teeth or pegs located well away from apical pit receiving tibia (Figs. 271 – 272), ventroproximal surface with ridge, often continuous with ventrodistal rows of pegs / spines and sometimes forming elevated base for pegs / spines. Wings: anal veins reduced, only 2 A reaching margin, 1 A 1, 1 A 2 missing, 3 A obsolete beyond confluence with 2 A; rm vein not sclerotized, Mr vein with distal spur beyond confluence with rm, length of spur <length of Mr vein distal to confluence with rm (Fig. 100). Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.02 – 1.51 X longer than pronotum (n = 32), 61 – 97 % greater than in males (the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism in this trait in the Allocorynina). Antennae: scape length = 1.04 – 1.22 X eye length and 1.24 – 1.64 X length of desmomeres 1 + 2 together (n = 17). Prothorax: PW / PL = 1.43 – 1.57 (n = 32), on average 6 – 10 % longer in females, but typically with some overlap between sexes within species. Legs: profemora asymmetrically, weakly, but definitely swollen. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.69 – 1.24 mm. Penis: dorsoventrally flattened, trough-shaped (Figs. 127 – 134), in dorsal view lateral margins subparallel or penis expanded slightly in apical direction for most of length, narrowing distally just basad to orifice, culminating in rounded point at apex (Figs. 174 – 177); transverse dorsal sclerotized bridge at base absent or weakly developed; apodemes 0.79 – 1.00 X as long as penis; widening gradually from apex until greatest width just before rounded base (Figs. 127 – 134). Internal sac: membranous with spicules on apical portion, endophallic sclerite visible at base (Figs. 127, 132), or not, but structure not yet fully discerned, in retracted position internal sac telescoped or not and barely protruding from base of penis or extending nearly to base of apodemes, length varying between individuals within population, or not, possibly reflecting virgin vs. mated status. Tegmen: apical plate rigid at junction with apodemes, but flexible with distal portion able to curl in ventral direction along central longitudinal axis into partial cylinder; in dorsal view (Figs. 199 – 200, 214 – 217) ~ twice as long as width of base, sides subparallel when not curled; no distal apical visor-like structure; apex fringed with 8 – 13 setae, length = to or> width of apical plate; dorsal arch extending underneath apical plate only in basal portion. Female. Sternite VIII: 0.54 – 0.83 mm long (Figs. 241 – 244), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme approximately evenly at angle between arms of 50 – 70 ˚ for half of length then becoming parallel; apical band of setae equal in length to maximum width between arms. Spermathecal tube: coiled, texture relatively smooth without external filaments, length> or = length of apodeme of sternite VIII. Etymological Note — The name of this genus is feminine and latinized from the Greek word notos (south) combined with Rhopalotria, indicating the southernmost genus of Allocorynina known to us and its superficial resemblance to the genus Rhopalotria. Remarks — As here delimited this genus corresponds to the “ Western Panama ”, “ Eastern Panama ” and “ pseudoparasitica ” species groups of Tang & O’Brien (2012). In this paper we recognize only two species groups in Notorhopalotria: 1) a western Panama group consisting of N. montgomeryensis and N. taylori and 2) an eastern species group consisting of N. panamensis and N. platysoma. Species of the two groups can be distinguished by pronotal characters: 1) the disk of the pronotum in the western group is arched versus relatively flat in the eastern group and 2) by the lesser amount of punctation in the eastern group (average distance between punctures = 3 X own width versus 2 X own width in the western group). Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene (Tang et al. in prep.) indicates that this genus is the second most basal of the Allocorynina, after Protocorynus. Hosts and Geographic Distribution — This is the southernmost lineage of the Allocorynina and appears to be a southern extension of the subtribe from its center of diversity in Mesoamerica. This genus is restricted to the cycad genus Zamia and is known from some, but not all species of Zamia surveyed in Costa Rica, Panama and Colombia (Tang & O’Brien 2012). Central America emerged from the sea as a chain of islands in the Miocene (Coates 1997) and this genus may have evolved within this archipelago; the closing of the seaway separating Central America from South America only 2 million years ago may explain its limited incursion into South America, despite an abundance of Zamia species there.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFAD1D1DFF330E8DFD6CFD6B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body minute to medium-sized (range 1.9 – 3.6 mm, mean = 2.5 mm, n = 56), moderately broad, robust, elongate-oval; unicolored brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: moderately long, 0.81 X as long as pronotum, brown; coarsely punctate and denticulate dorsally and laterally from base nearly to apex, forming wavy longitudinal ridges with teeth of various sizes; weakly expanding near apex, weakly curving in lateral view. Head: just behind eyes moderately punctate, forehead between eyes with similar punctures and impunctate in medial half, with deep moderately long narrow median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowing apically, ca. 0.45 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes; dorsal surface matte, ventral surface shining. Antennae: scape 1.16 X longer than eye and 1.48 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2 together, 1 nearly as broad as scape, 2 narrow and elongate, 3 – 5 slightly shorter, 6 – 7 progressively wider and shorter; scape and desmomeres brown; club pale brown with tips of rhopalomeres paler colored. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.21 X wider than long; apex moderately weakly narrowed for 0.34 X of length, then subparallel to basal 1 / 5, there weakly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, lacking punctures; disc impunctate; very shallow punctures along basal margin only; surface texture matte, not shining; mesosternum with surface texture transitioning from matte laterally to shining medially. Scutellum: lateral margins concavely curved, not forming triangle; apically, broadly, subacutely truncate, with well-separated sparse shallow punctures; lacking pubescence; matte, not shining. Elytra: ca. 0.72 X as wide as long; evenly expanding behind rounded humeri to declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to distinctly emarginate apices; with very shallow punctures, each unevenly separated by 2 – 5 X own widths; matte brown. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae weakly convex, lacking processes, semi-matte; profemora asymmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, ventral subapical margins with pair of obtuse pointed spines, surface matte; protibiae stout in lateral view, with base nearly straight with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle to near apex, margins of groove distinctly denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro, and subequal tooth; surface matte; mesocoxae, metacoxae, mesotibiae and metatibiae semi-matte. Abdomen: ventral surface shining. Length, pronotum and elytron: 3.0 mm. Female. Same as male except: Surface texture: of head, pronotum, scutellum, elytra and legs shining, not matte. Rostrum: 1.40 X longer than pronotum; moderately strongly curved. Prothorax: 1.49 X wider than long; apex narrow, strongly angulately expanding in weakly rounded line to slightly narrowed broad base; with shallow punctures each separated 3 – 5 X own widths. Elytra: with shallow punctures, same as on prothorax. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.7 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.99 – 1.24 mm (n = 3). Penis: in dorsal view widest just basal to orifice, from there tapering moderately toward base, apical to orifice tapering strongly toward apex to narrowly rounded point (Figs. 127, 174). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.68 – 0.78 mm long (n = 4); angle between arms ~ 50 – 70 ˚ (n = 5) for half of length, then arms bending inward and becoming subparallel to slightly convergent near apices (Fig. 241). Intraspecific Variation — This species exhibits a high degree of variation in size, with average body length in males (mean = 2.5 mm, range = 1.9 – 3.6 mm, n = 38) equal to that in females (mean = 2.5 mm, range = 1.9 – 2.8 mm, n = 18); however, the greatest size is attained in males. The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 0.81 – 0.96 (mean = 0.88, n = 38) and of females = 1.37 – 1.52 (mean = 1.44, n = 18); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.21 – 1.47 (mean = 1.36, n = 38) and of females = 1.36 – 1.54 (mean = 1.47, n = 18). Males are dimorphic, with major males (eg. the holotype) ranging in pronotal length from 0.77 – 1.39 mm, with the pronotum and elytra possessing a matte texture, while the texture of the underside of the body transitions from matte along lateral surfaces to shiny on medial surfaces with the amount of shining surface increased with decreased size. Minor males have a shorter pronotum (0.57 – 0.75 mm long), have a body texture that is completely shining without any trace of matte texture on the pronotum and elytra, the rostrum expanded toward the apex more prominently than in major males, with denticulation much reduced; and profemora with a pair of subapical spines reduced to two small denticles. Transitional forms occur occasionally, with intermediate pronotal length (0.77 – 0.84 mm) and a pronotum that is matte and elytra which are shiny. Remarks — This species can be distinguished from all other Notorhopalotria, and indeed from all other Allocorynina, by the presence in major males of matte textured elytra. Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of Prof. Alberto S. Taylor Blake, collector of the type series and many more specimens used herein, who at the age of 67 began a comprehensive study of the ecology, taxonomy and conservation of Panamanian cycads and their cone beetles. Biology — This species lives and reproduces in the male cones of Zamia pseudoparasitica, the only living cycad that starts its life as an obligate epiphyte. The host lives in trees, generally 7 – 20 m above ground level in the Altantic lowland rainforest of Panama and occurs at elevations of 50 – 1000 m (Stevenson 1993). Range — Known to occur in Coclé Province, Panama; the host plant also ranges into the provinces of Bocas del Toro, Chiriquí, Colón and Veraguas (Stevenson 1993). Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] PANAMA, Coclé Prov., / El Copé, ex: male cone / Zamia pseudoparasitica, / Alberto Taylor IX- 2 - 2002; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Notorhopalotria / taylori / Tang & O’Brien 2015 (CAS), PARATYPES same data (17); same data except IX- 22 - 2004 (284). Paratypes (301) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, INBio, IZCAS, MIUP, NMHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB21D1FFF330CCDFE6EFED7.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body minute to medium-sized (range 1.6 – 4.0 mm, mean = 2.4 mm, n = 105), moderately broad, robust, elongate-oval; overall pale brown; often bicolored with dark brown macula on pronotum. Male (holotype). Rostrum: moderately short, 0.82 X as long as pronotum, brown; coarsely punctate and obtusely denticulate dorsally from base nearly to apex; laterally reticulate; very weakly expanded near apex, very weakly curved in lateral view. Head: just behind eyes coarsely punctate, forehead between eyes impunctate and with distinct, moderately long, narrow, median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.50 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes. Antennae: scape 0.83 X as long as eye and as long as desmomeres 1 – 3 together, 1 short and broad, 2 narrow and elongate, 3 – 5 short and moniliform, 6 – 7 short and transverse; scape and desmomeres pale brown; club with rhopalomeres pale yellowish. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.36 X wider than long; apex moderately weakly narrowed, evenly weakly roundly expanding from apical 1 / 6 to basal 1 / 10, there weakly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, with moderately dense coarse punctures; disc with fine widely separated punctures; uniformly shining pale brown. Scutellum: lateral margins straight and angled, forming triangle; apically broadly rounded, lacking punctures and pubescence. Elytra: 0.70 X as wide as long; evenly expanded behind rounded humeri to declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to distinctly emarginate apices; with small, fine, scarcely evident, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface, overall rather smooth; uniformly shining, pale brown. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae weakly convex, lacking processes; profemora asymmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, pit apical margins both flanked with row of small subgranular teeth or processes, surface smooth, shining; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base nearly straight with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle to near apex, margins of groove distinctly denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro, and subequal tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.10 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.61 X longer than pronotum; moderately strongly curved. Prothorax: 1.50 X wider than long; apex narrow, strongly angulately expanding in weakly rounded line to slightly narrowed broad base. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.30 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.69 – 1.13 mm (n = 10). Penis: in dorsal view margins subparallel, usually widest at center, from there tapering moderately toward apex, with bulge at orifice; apex with sides emarginate from orifice to rounded tip, angle between sides ~ 30 – 50 ˚ (Figs. 129, 175). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.63 – 0.83 mm long (n = 6); maximum angle between arms of 62 – 70 ˚ for half of length, then arms bending inward and becoming subparallel to slightly convergent near apices (Fig. 242). Spermathecal tube: uncoiled length ≥ length of sternite VIII. Intraspecific Variation — This species exhibits a high degree of variation in size, with body length in females (mean = 2.6 mm, range = 1.8 – 3.4 mm, n = 45) on average greater than in males (mean = 2.2 mm, range = 1.6 – 4.0 mm, n = 60); however, the greatest size is attained in males. Specimens from populations inhabiting Zamia pseudomonticola, at elevations from 1200 – 2000 m, consistently display a darkened transverse, longitudinal or star-shaped spot on the center of the pronotum. These spots are found less frequently and / or are fainter in populations inhabiting Z. fairchildiana at lower elevations. Body length is also consistently shorter in Z. fairchildiana populations (males: mean = 2.0 mm, n = 35; females: mean = 2.3 mm, n = 23) as compared to Z. pseudomonticola populations (males: mean = 2.5 mm, n = 25; females: mean = 2.9 mm, n = 22). Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene indicates that the Notorhopalotria inhabiting five populations of these two closely related Zamia have identical sequences in this gene (Tang et al. in prep.), indicating that if some of these populations are reproductively isolated from one another, this situation has occurred only recently. Approximately 1 in every 40 males collected at the type locality were major males, which reached sizes greater than females and other males, exhibited the largest forelegs relative to body size and possessed a rostrum with the highest degree of denticulation. Major males were not detected in the populations inhabiting the Osa Península and Golfo Dulce in Costa Rica. The pronotal width relative to the pronotal length shows broad overlap between sexes and among populations (males: mean = 1.40, range = 1.31 – 1.52, n = 60; females: mean = 1.46, range = 1.38 – 1.54, n = 45). In contrast, the rostral length relative to the pronotal length shows strong differences between sexes (males: mean = 0.86, range = 0.78 – 0.97, n = 60; females: mean = 1.50, range = 1.31 – 1.61 mm, n = 45); however, within each sex specimens inhabiting Z. pseudomonticola and Z. fairchildiana exhibit broad overlap in RL / PL. Taken together, morphological and genetic data indicate this is a single species inhabiting these two species of cycads over their elevation gradient from sea level to 1500 m. Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of the Montgomery Botanical Center in Florida for its support of cycad research and conservation in the Caribbean and Central America. Remarks — This species is currently the westernmost known of its genus. It can be distinguished from other Notorhopalotria by the usual presence of a darkened, transverse, longitudinal, or star-shaped spot on the center of the pronotum. Among other Allocorynina only Protocorynus possesses a maculation on the pronotum. It can be distinguish from all other Notorhopalotria found on other Zamia species inhabiting the forest floor further east by its more arched pronotum (versus relatively flattened pronotum), denser, heavier punctation on the pronotum and by the sharp spines (rather than rounded pegs) on the apex of the profemora (Tang & O’Brien 2012). Biology — This species lives and reproduces on the male cones of two closely related species of Zamia: Z. fairchildiana, a shrub of the Pacific lowland rainforest understory which occurs at elevations of 0 – 700 m and often forms dense colonies near the beach, and Z. pseudomonticola, an understory shrub of premontane forest, which has a distribution disjunct from Z. fairchildiana, north of the Burica Península at elevations of 1200 – 2000 m (Calonje, pers. comm.). These host species differ significantly in the size of their male cones, with Z. pseudomonticola possessing larger male cones and sporophylls. The male Notorhopalotria inhabiting Z. pseudomonticola have consistently greater rostral length relative to the pronotal length, perhaps reflecting the size of their cone habitat. Notorhopalotria larvae feed and develop within male sporophylls (Tang & O’Brien 2012; Tang, unpub. obs.) and the size of the sporophylls influence the amount of nutrition and thus the average size of the weevils that ultimately emerge from them. Thus it is not surprising that weevils from Z. pseudomonticola are on average larger (body length mean = 2.7 mm, range = 1.8 – 4.0 mm, n = 47) than those from Z. fairchildiana (body length mean = 2.1 mm, range = 1.6 – 3.3 mm, n = 58). Range — Known from the Pacific sides of Panama, Chiriquí Province and in adjoining Costa Rica, Puntarenas Province, from sea level to 1500 m. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] PANAMA, Chiriquí, San / Bartolo, Burica pen., 440 m / [GPS coord. omitted], ex ♂ / cone Zamia fairchildiana, / M. Calonje et. al., I- 8 - 2008; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Notorhopalotria / montgomeryensis / O’Brien & Tang 2015 CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (240). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas: Osa, Corcovado Nat. Park, POP. 1 ex Zamia fairchildiana ♂ cone, C. Lopez Gallego XII- 8 - 2005 (44); Golfo Dulce, beach nr. Rincon, Zamia fairchildiana ♂ cone, [GPS coord. omitted], W. Tang, XI- 26 - 2010 (90); Las Cruces, Oct. 1991, L. Gomez no. 468 (12); Las Cruces Biol. Sta. Coto Brus, XII- 1994 ♂ cone Zamia, 1100 m, L. Gomez (27); Las Cruces Biol. Station San Vito, Coto Brus, XII. 1994, 1100 m, L. D. Gomez on male Zamia cones, Collection Can. Mus Ottawa, C (22); Wilson Bot. Gard, ex: cone ♂ Zamia pseudomonticola, [GPS coord. omitted], 1235 m, W. Tang, XI- 24 - 2010 (279); Las Cruces, Loop Trail, cone ♂ Zamia pseudomonticola, [GPS coord. omitted] ~ 1300 m, W. Tang, XI- 24 - 2010 (5); Wilson Bot. Gar., ex ♂ cone Zamia pseudomonticola, 10 - XII- 2012, M. Jones (3). PANAMA: Chiriquí: near San Bartolo, ♂ cone Zamia fairchildiana, A. Taylor, Jan 2005 or ’ 06 (69); Santa Clara, Finca Hartmann, cone ♂ Zamia pseudomonticola, [GPS coord. omitted], 1500 m, Alberto Taylor XII- 29 - 2001 (56). Paratypes (847) deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, INBio, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB01D1EFF330F8EFB31FE60.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body minute to small (range 1.7 – 2.2 mm, mean = 2.0 mm, n = 6), robust, broad-oval; rostrum, head, prothorax and legs with fine reticulate surface with texture ranging from submatte to subshining; unicolored brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: short, 0.62 X as long as pronotum, brown; texture submatte, shallowly punctate; minutely, granularly denticulate dorsally and laterally from base nearly to apex; moderately strongly expanded near apex, straight but appearing ventrally curved in lateral view from apical expansion. Head: dorsal texture submatte, coarsely shallowly punctate just behind eyes, forehead between eyes with similar punctures and impunctate in medial 2 / 3 with fine, shallow, moderately short, narrow, basally pit-like, median sulcus; forehead moderately narrowed apically, 0.50 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes. Antennae: scape 1.01 X longer than eye and slightly shorter than desmomeres 1 – 3 together, 1 short and broad, 2 narrow and elongate, 3 – 7 becoming gradually more transverse; scape, desmomeres and club brown. Prothorax: very strongly transverse, 1.35 X wider than long; apex moderately weakly narrowed, evenly moderately strongly roundly expanded from apical 1 / 4 to basal 1 / 4, there weakly rounded to base; base not straight, but slightly convex and evenly curved from posterior angles of pronotum; lateral margins not denticulate, lacking evident punctures; disc with fine, shallow, indistinct punctures; surface with faint fine dense reticulation, subshining, uniformly brown. Scutellum: with lateral margins convexly curved; apically broadly U-shaped, overall with well-separated sparse fine punctures. Elytra: 0.71 X as wide as long; evenly expanded behind rounded humeri to declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to distinctly emarginate apices; with moderately fine, dense, elongate punctures; uniformly shining brown. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae weakly convex, with single large blunt anterior process; profemora asymmetrically swollen, proximally compressed with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins on each side with small subgranular teeth or processes, surface smooth, submatte, not strongly shining; protibiae stout in lateral view, with base nearly straight with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle to near apex, margins of groove distinctly denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro, and subequal tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.16 mm. Female. Same as male except: Entire surface shining. Rostrum: 1.17 X longer than pronotum; lacking denticles, smooth, nearly impunctate, moderately strongly, unevenly curved. Prothorax: 1.47 X wider than long; apex narrow, strongly angulately expanded in weakly rounded line to slightly narrowed broad base. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.11 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.74 mm (n = 1). Penis: in dorsal view margins subparallel, widest near center, from there tapering moderately toward apex, with bulge at orifice; apex with sides emarginate from orifice to rounded tip (Figs. 131, 176). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.63 mm long (n = 1); maximum angle between arms of 60 ˚ for half of length, then arms bending inward and becoming subparallel to slightly convergent near apices (Fig. 243). Spermathecal tube: uncoiled length ~ length of sternite VIII. Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 0.56 – 0.62 (mean = 0.59, n = 2) and of females = 1.10 – 1.17 (mean = 1.14, n = 2); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.35 – 1.37 (mean = 1.36, n = 2) and of females = 1.43 – 1.49 (mean = 1.46, n = 2). Etymological Note — The species name is derived from the Greek words platys (wide) and soma (body), referring to the depressed body of this weevil. The name is a noun in apposition. Remarks — Externally similar to Notorhopalotria panamensis, except more dorsoventrally flattened. This species displays the greatest dorsoventral compression of the known Allocorynina. Biology — Found in male cones of Zamia obliqua in Colombia. The host plant ranges from Chocó of Colombia into central Panama in the provinces of Chiriquí, Colón and Darién (Stevenson 1993), with some gaps in distribution. Range — Colombia, Chocó. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] COLOMBIA, Chocó, / Piedra-Piedra (Nuqui), / ex: ♂ cone Zamia obliqua, / 3 - 9 - 07, A. M. Benavides; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Notorhopalotria / platysoma / Tang & O’Brien 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data (4). Paratypes (4) are deposited in CAS, CWOB and FSCA	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB11D19FF330FC6FD75FB0F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body minute to small (range 1.6 – 2.4 mm, mean = 2.1 mm, n = 35), robust, broad-oval; rostrum, head, prothorax and legs with fine reticulate submatte surface; unicolored brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: short, 0.58 X as long as pronotum, brown; not evidently punctate; minutely, granularly denticulate dorsally and laterally from base nearly to apex; moderately strongly expanded near apex, straight but appearing ventrally curved in lateral view from apical expansion. Head: just behind eyes coarsely shallowly punctate, forehead between eyes with similar punctures and impunctate in medial 2 / 3 with fine, shallow, moderately long, narrow, median fovea; forehead very moderately narrowed apically, 0.67 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes. Antennae: scape 0.79 X as long as eye and slightly shorter than desmomeres 1 – 3 together, 1 short and broad, 2 narrow and elongate, 3 – 7 becoming gradually more transverse; scape, desmomeres and club brown. Prothorax: very strongly transverse, 1.42 X wider than long; apex moderately weakly narrowed, evenly moderately strongly roundly expanded from apical 1 / 4 to basal 1 / 10, there weakly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, lacking evident punctures; disc with fine shallow indistinct punctures; surface with fine dense reticulation not shining, submatte, uniformly brown. Scutellum: lateral margins convexly curved; apically broadly U-shaped, overall with well-separated sparse fine punctures, with scarcely evident coarse setae on basal half. Elytra: 0.81 X as wide as long; evenly expanded behind rounded humeri to declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to distinctly emarginate apices; with moderately fine, dense, elongate, punctures, many connected forming long fine rugae on entire surface, overall not smooth; uniformly shining brown. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae weakly convex, with single large blunt anterior process; profemora asymmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins with two rows of small subgranular teeth or processes well away from apical pit, which converge near center of ventral surface (Fig. 270), surface smooth, submatte, not strongly shining; protibiae stout in lateral view, with base nearly straight with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle to near apex, margins of groove distinctly denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro, and subequal tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.10 mm. Female. Same as male except: Entire surface shining. Rostrum: 1.18 X longer than pronotum; moderately strongly, unevenly curved. Prothorax: 1.56 X wider than long; apex narrow, strongly angulately expanding in weakly rounded line to slightly narrowing broad base. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.20 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.77 – 0.85 mm (n = 5). Penis: in dorsal view lateral margins subparallel, usually widest at center, from there tapering moderately toward apex, with slight bulge at orifice; apex with sides emarginate from orifice to rounded tip, angle between sides ~ 30 – 43 ˚ (Figs. 133, 177). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.57 – 0.62 mm long (n = 3), arms diverging from apodeme with maximum angle between arms of 55 – 67 ˚ for half of length, then arms bending inward and becoming subparallel to slightly convergent near apices (Fig. 244). Spermathecal tube: uncoiled length> length of sternite VIII. Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 0.57 – 0.62 (mean = 0.59, n = 10) and of females = 1.02 – 1.26 (mean = 1.16, n = 10); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.33 – 1.43 (mean = 1.38, n = 10) and of females = 1.45 – 1.57 (mean = 1.50, n = 10). In major males the two rows of pegs at the ventrodistal surface of the profemora (Fig. 270) may rest on raised ridges; these ridges converge to form a “ V ” and are continuous with the ventroproximal ridge of the profemora. Etymological Note — The species name refers to the geographic distribution of the species. Remarks — As a member of the eastern Panama group this species may be distinguished from Notorhopalotria from western Panama and Costa Rica by its pronotum, which is relatively flat (versus arched) and by the lesser amount of punctation (average distance between punctures = 3 X own width versus 2 X own width). This species may have a more extensive host range than recognized in this paper. Individuals closely matching the morphology of this species have been found in Zamia obliqua in Darién province of Panama; however, their affinity awaits more detailed morphological and molecular analysis. Biology — This species is known to live and reproduce on the male cones of three species of Zamia: 1) Z. elegantissima, which lives in the Atlantic wet forests in the provinces of Colón and Panamá, and in the comarca indígena of Kuna Yala; 2) Z. stevensonii, a smaller species closely related to Z. elegantissima and formerly called “ blanco ” for its white emergent leaves and which occurs in the province of Panamá in the canal zone (Taylor & Holzman 2012); 3) Z. dressleri, a plicate-leaf species in the province of Colón not closely related to the other two hosts. The Notorhopalotria on these three host species exhibit some size differences, perhaps due to differences in the size of the host cones, but are otherwise morphologically similar. Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.) indicates that Notorhopalotria from Z. elegantissima and Z. stevensonii populations are identical in their sequences for this gene. Those from Z. dressleri show a slight difference, suggesting incipient speciation. Based on currently available evidence Notorhopalotria from all three hosts are treated here as one species. Range — Panama, known from the provinces of Panamá and Colón; hosts range into the comarca indígena of Kuna Yala. Material Examined. — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] PANAMA, Panama Prov. / Chagres Nat. Park, ex: ♂ / Cone Zamia sp. “ blanco ” / A. Taylor, XII- 2000; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Notorhopalotria / panamensis / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data (30). PANAMA: Colón Prov.: Portabello, Buenaventura, ex. Zamia elegantissima ♂ cone, A. Taylor, XII- 25 - 2010 (12), Santa Rita Arriba, ex: ♂ cone Zamia dressleri, A. Taylor, XII- 2003 (21); Santa Rita, Akers gard. by forest, ex ♂ cone Zamia dressleri, 19 Aug 2012, A. Taylor (16); Zamia stevensonii ♂ cone bait, 3 - IX- 2012, A. Taylor (10); Zamia obliqua ♂ cone bait, 16 - IX- 2012, A. Taylor (8); Panamá Prov.: Cerro Azul, ex: ♂ cone Zamia sp. “ blanco ” (Zamia stevensonii), A. Taylor, XII- 10 - 2001 (3); Chagres Nat. Park, A. Taylor, XII- 19 - 2001 (9); XII- 2003 (9); Llano Carti, ex: ♂ bait cone Zamia elegantissima from nursery of G. Silvero, A. Taylor, X- 15 – 16 - 2003 (1); Llano Carti, ex: ♂ cone Zamia elegantissima, A. Taylor, XI- 8 - 2004 (2); ex. Zamia elegantissima ♂ cone, cult. in nursery G. Silvero, A. Taylor, XII- 18 - 2007 (71). Paratypes (192) are deposited in ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IEXA, INBio, IZCAS, MIUP, NMHN, STRI, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB61D1BFF330B26FCE0F932.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Rhopalotria dimidiata Chevrolat, 1878, by monotypy.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB61D1BFF330B26FCE0F932.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. Rhopalotria can be distinguished from other Allocorynina by the following combination of diagnostic characters: ventrodistal surface of profemora in males with one or two spines which border the base of the apical pit that receives the tibia in repose and no other associated teeth, pegs or fields of granules; notopleural suture extended anteriad near prosternal margin; penis with apex broadly rounded (subtruncate); tegmen with apical visor that is relatively flat, not stongly tranversely curved; wing with vein 1 A 1 missing, 1 A 2 & 2 A present and 3 A obsolete beyond its confluence with 2 A or not reaching margin.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB61D1BFF330B26FCE0F932.taxon	description	REDESCRIPTION. Body minute to medium-sized (BL = 1.8 – 3.6 mm, mean = 2.6 mm, n = 170); robust, broad-oval; uniformly pale tan to brownish or distinctly bicolored black and orange-brown. Male. Rostrum: rugose to denticulate on dorsal and dorsolateral surface, degree of denticulation increased with size of individual; 0.91 – 1.23 X as long as pronotum (n = 58); labial palps 2 - segmented. Head: lacking postocular transverse groove. Antennae: with insertion facing ventrad; scape length = 0.73 – 1.13 X eye length and 0.76 – 1.45 X length of desmomere 1 + 2 (n = 34); club with rhopalomeres 1 and 2 each with both sides of distal surfaces with 2 – 3 pits each (visible at 112.5 X magnification), if 3 then pits round (Figs. 109 – 112), if 2 then pits often fused or partially divided forming elongate pits of irregular outline (Figs. 106 – 108); width of antennal club pits <diameter of socket for terminal rhopalomere. Eyes: dorsal interocular distance relative to head width at eye = 0.28 – 0.52; postocular head width generally shorter than head width at eye (mean = 0.97, range = 0.91 – 1.05, n = 71). Prothorax: lacking impressed line paralleling anterior margin of pronotum; no distinct thickened sclerotized anterior collar, marginal region smooth and gradually thinning toward edge; fine hairs fringing anterior margin of prothorax visible at 40 – 112.5 X magnification, but obsolete or possibly worn off on dorsum in area bounded by eyes (except in R. vovidesi), bases of fine hairs appearing present under pronotal margin, but not emerging onto surface; notopleural suture reaching or nearly reaching anterior margin of prosternum; pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.34 – 1.58 (n = 62); sclerotized, black-colored septum completely separating procoxal cavities; individuals of most species with pronotum, dorsal surface of head and forefemora with fine reticulation visible under high magnification 40 – 100 X, but reticulation completely absent in one species (R. vovidesi); distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 2.2 – 2.9 (except in R. vovidesi = 1.2) X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior margin of prosternum. Legs: profemora asymmetrically swollen, with single spine or pair of spines bordering base of apical pit receiving tibia in repose on ventral apex of profemora in major males. Wings: venation reduced (Fig. 99) with 1 A 1 missing, 1 A 2 reaching only short distance beyond margin, 2 A complete, 3 A obsolete beyond its confluence with 2 A or reaching up to halfway to margin; rm vein not sclerotized, forming T-junction with Mr vein, most of length of Mr vein occurring distad of junction. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.22 – 1.79 X longer than pronotum (n = 60), 13.5 – 42.2 % greater in females (13.5 – 18.2 % in subgenus Rhopalotria and 26.8 – 42.2 % insubgenus Allocorynus) than in males and never with overlap between sexes within species; as in males, female individuals of most species with head, prothorax and profemora with fine reticulation, except for the rostrum, which is always smooth in females. Antennae: scape length / eye length = 0.75 – 1.23 (n = 34), 5.2 – 15.2 % greater than in males with some overlap between sexes within species; scape length / length of desmomere 1 + 2 together = 0.86 – 1.45 (n = 34), 1.7 – 12.4 % greater than in males with some overlap between sexes within species. Eyes: dorsal interocular distance relative to head width at eye = 0.28 – 0.52; postocular head width / head width at eye greater than in males for each species (mean = 1.05, range = 0.97 – 1.16, n = 58). Prothorax: with pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.39 – 1.63 (n = 60); on average 3 – 11 % greater than in males, but typically with some overlap between sexes within species; distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 2.0 – 2.9 (except in R. vovidesi = 0.9 and R. calonjei = 1.6) X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior margin of prosternum. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.68 – 0.90 mm (n = 19), shortest within Allocorynina. Penis: trough-shaped, in dorsal view sides converging slightly toward apex, apex broadly rounded to subtruncate, tectum appearing thin and unsclerotized, no transverse dorsal sclerotized bridge at junction of penis with apodemes; apodemes slightly longer than penis, in lateral view widening gradually basad until narrowing abruptly at rounded base (Figs. 135 – 148, 178 – 184). Internal sac: in retracted position with pair of sclerotized rods, one on each side of median axis, forming transfer apparatus located at junction of apodemes at base of penis. Tegmen: apical plate in dorsal view slightly narrowed to truncate apex, apex with dorsal shelf protruding distad and fringed with 9 – 20 setae (depending on species), setal length less than width of apical plate (Figs. 201 – 204, 218 – 224). Female. Sternite VIII: arms 0.5 – 1.0 X as long as apodeme, diverging evenly from apodeme, near midpoint curved inward without angulate bend, becoming subparallel, then converging slightly near apices; band of setae connecting apices of arms (Figs. 245 – 251). Spermathecal tube: coiled, texture relatively smooth without external filaments, uncoiled length <length of apodeme of sternite VIII. Remarks — As here delimited this genus corresponds to the “ dimidiata ” species group of Tang & O’Brien (2012). Herein we divide this genus into two subgenera based on morphology and molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.): 1) Nominate subgenus Rhopalotria consisting of the species R. dimidiata, R. meerowi and R. slossoni; 2) Subgenus Allocorynus consisting of R. calonjei, R. furfuracea, R. mollis and R. vovidesi. Members of the subgenus Rhopalotria may be distinguished morphologically from the subgenus Allocorynus by number and arrangement of spines on the ventrodistal surface of the profemora of males, the number of pits on rhopalomeres 1 – 2 of the club, and the degree of sexual dimorphism in rostral length / pronotal length (RL / PL). In the subgenus Rhopalotria, the ventrodistal pit of the male profemora that receives the tibia is bounded by a spine on either side of the base (total of two spines; Fig. 274), whereas in the subgenus Allocorynus there is only a single spine at the base of the pit (Fig. 273). In the subgenus Allocorynus there are 3 pits on each side of rhopalomeres 1 – 2 of the club, the center one which is larger and usually partly covered with a spoke-like arrangement of filaments (Figs. 109 – 112), whereas in the subgenus Rhopalotria there are 2 pits on each side that are often fused or partially divided so that they are often of irregular shape and outline (Figs. 106 – 108). In the subgenus Rhopalotria RL / PL is 13.5 – 18.2 % greater in females than in males, whereas in the subgenus Allocorynus it is 26.8 – 42.2 % greater in females than in males. Herein we also recognize two species groups within the subgenus Allocorynus, a Mesoamerican group consisting of R. calonjei, R. furfuracea and R. mollis and a “ spinulosum ” species group consisting of R. vovidesi. The “ spinulosum ” species group can be distinguished from the former by the presence of long hairs on the scutellum and the absence of fine reticulation on the head and pronotum. Host and Geographic Distribution — This is a northern lineage and members of this genus are known from one species of Dioon, D. spinulosum, in southern Mexico and from most, but not all species of Zamia that have been surveyed in Mexico, Belize, the Greater Antilles, the Bahamas and Florida, U. S. A. Rhopalotria has not yet been collected south of Belize. All specimens of Allocorynina from Costa Rica, Panama and South America, tentatively placed in Rhopalotria by Tang & O’Brien (2012), are assigned to the genus Notorhopalotria in this paper. The larvae of Rhopalotria have been extracted from the male cones of Z. furfuracea, Z. loddigesii, Z. paucijuga, Z. spartea, Z. integrifolia and other members of the Z. pumila complex in Cuba, Florida, Jamaica and the Bahamas (Muñiz & Barrera 1969, Norstog & Fawcett 1989, Tang 1987, unpub. data). Subgenus Rhopalotria Chevrolat, 1878	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB61D1BFF330B26FCE0F932.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Rhopalotria dimidiata Chevrolat, 1878, by monotypy.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB61D1BFF330B26FCE0F932.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. The nominate subgenus Rhopalotria can be distinguished from all other Allocorynina by the following combination of characters: 2 deep pits on either side of rhopalomeres 1 and 2 of the club that are often fused or partially divided so that they are typically of irregular outline (Figs. 106 – 108); ventrodistal surface of male profemora with a pair of spines that brackets and borders the base of the apical pit that receives the tibia in repose (Fig. 274).	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB61D1BFF330B26FCE0F932.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body minute to medium-sized (BL = 1.8 – 3.2 mm, mean = 2.6 mm, n = 112); robust, broad-oval; dorsal surface bicolored orange to black, elytra completely black or black with portion of base brown. Male. Rostrum: 1.05 – 1.21 X longer than pronotum (n = 37). Antennae: scape length = 0.75 – 0.96 X eye length and 0.76 – 1.03 X length of desmomeres 1 + 2 (n = 15); club with rhopalomeres 1 and 2 with both sides of distal surfaces with 2 pits each, pits often fused or partially divided to form elongate pits of irregular outline (Figs. 106 – 108). Prothorax: pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.36 – 1.58 (n = 29); distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 2.2 – 2.9 X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior margin of prosternum. Legs: ventrodistal surface of profemora with pair of spines bracketing and bordering base of apical pit receiving tibia in repose (Fig. 274). Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.22 – 1.57 X longer than pronotum (n = 29), on average 13.5 – 18.2 % greater in females than in males and never with overlap with males within species. Antennae: scape length = 0.83 – 1.12 X eye length (n = 15). Prothorax: PW / PL = 1.45 – 1.61 (n = 29), on average 3 – 8 % greater than in males, with no overlap or broad overlap between sexes depending on species. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.68 – 0.84 mm (n = 8). Penis: (Figs. 135 – 140, 178 – 180). Tegmen: apical visor 6 – 15 % length of apical plate (Figs. 201 – 202, 218 – 220). Female. Sternite VIII: (Figs. 245 – 247) 0.56 – 0.75 mm long (n = 9), arms ~ 0.5 – 0.7 X as long as apodeme. Host and Geographic Distribution — This subgenus is restricted to Florida, U. S. A., six islands in the Bahamas (Abaco, Andros, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, Long Island and New Providence) and portions of the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Isle of Youth, Cayman Islands and Jamaica). Its hosts are limited to the members of the Zamia pumila complex (Eckenwalder 1980). Larvae develop singly in individual sporophylls of male cones in all three species of this subgenus (Norstog et al. 1992, Tang 1987, unpub. obs.).	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB41D15FF330937FCD4FBDB.taxon	description	Rhopalotria dimidiata Chevrolat, 1878: XCVII Illustrations and an extensive description based on Cuban specimens are given by Muñiz & Barrera (1969) in Spanish. The specimens on which it is based have been lost and cannot be verified and here we present a description based on specimens from the Cayman Islands. REDESCRIPTION — Body minute to medium-sized (range 1.9 – 3.2 mm, mean = 2.7 mm, n = 63), robust, broad-oval; distinctly bicolored, orange and black. Male. Rostrum: moderately long, 1.03 X longer than pronotum, brownish orange; moderately, coarsely, subrugosely punctate nearly to apex, there weakly expanded; moderately but evenly curved in lateral view. Head: with entire dorsum excluding median area of forehead, moderately coarsely, not rugosely punctate; forehead with short deep median groove, with margins of groove impunctate; median area between apical margins of eyes ca. 3 / 4 wider than between basal margins of eyes. Antennae: scape 0.70 X as long as eye and as long as desmomeres 1 + 2, 3 – 4 shorter but elongate, 5 – 6 rounded, 7 transverse; scape, funicle and club brownish orange with apical rhopalomere pale yellowish. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.43 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, evenly expanded to slightly narrowed rounded base; lateral margins with minute denticles; disc with moderately coarse, dense, not contiguous punctures, laterally subrugose; individuals with pronotum, dorsal surface of head and profemora with fine reticulation visible under high magnification 40 – 100 X; uniform brownish orange. Scutellum: moderately subquadrate, apex rounded, with sparse coarse punctures. Elytra: 1.54 X longer than wide; subparallel behind rounded humeri, to scarcely expanded near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to broadly rounded moderately emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctate, humeral area with discrete punctures, medially and apically angulately rugosely punctate; entire basal 2 / 5 brownish orange, remainder black. Legs: very robust, procoxae protruding, with single subacute inner apical process; profemora very strongly asymmetrically swollen, with apical pit-like impression, receiving base of tibia, each margin with small apical tooth; protibiae very stout in lateral view, with base very strongly rounded with right angle bend, moderately large tooth on anterior inner surface near base, inner surface moderately submedially narrowly excavate from base to near apex, apex with large curved anterior mucro, and smaller apically directed tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.60 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: long, 1.36 X longer than pronotum, very weakly expanded apically. Prothorax: 1.53 X wider than long; sides more or less evenly rounded from narrow apex to slightly narrowed base. Elytra: 1.44 X longer than wide. Legs: with protibiae lacking inner basal tooth, inner surface with moderately shallow excavation, two apical teeth small and subequal in size. Length, pronotum and elytron: 3.00 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.69 – 0.72 mm (n = 3). Penis: in dorsal view subparallel to slightly tapering distad, tapering increasing sharply at gonopore, with angle between sides ~ 45 ˚ (Andros Is.) to ~ 90 ˚ (Cayman Is.) to subtruncate apex (Figs. 135, 178). Tegmen: apical visor short <1 / 8 own width; distal margin with 9 setae (Cayman Is.) to 12 setae (Andros Is.) (Fig. 218). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.65 – 0.75 mm long (n = 3), arms slightly shorter than apodeme, diverging from apodeme with slight angle (<20 ˚) between arms for ~ 3 / 10 of length, then diverging at moderate angle (~ 45 ˚) for another ~ 3 / 10 of length, then bending inward and becoming subparallel, to slightly convergent near apices (based on specimens from Andros Island, Bahamas) (Fig. 245). Intraspecific Variation — Morphological comparison of specimens from the Bahamas, including Abaco, Andros, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, Long Island and New Providence Islands, with those from the Cayman Islands suggests small differences in male RL / PL (Bahamian populations: range = 1.06 – 1.24, mean = 1.16, n = 20; Cayman population: range = 1.16 – 1.30, mean = 1.22, n = 12) and PW / PL (Bahamian populations: range = 1.38 – 1.54, mean = 1.45, n = 20; Cayman population: range = 1.48 – 1.65, mean = 1.54, n = 12). Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene in Bahamian populations indicates that they are genetically identical in this gene sequence (Tang et al. in prep.). Rhopalotria from the Cayman Islands display a slight difference in this gene with those from the Bahamas. No genetic data are available for specimens from Cuba, which is situated geographically between these two other land masses. Until more genetic or morphological evidence becomes available we treat the Cuban, Cayman Islands and Bahamian populations as one species. Surveys in Hispaniola and Puerto Rico indicate that Rhopalotria is absent from these islands (Tang & O’Brien, 2012). Remarks — Morphologically R. dimidiata is very similar to R. slossoni specimens from Florida and is distinguished by its black elytra with brown spanning the entire basal region and the lower degree of fusion in the sensory pockets of rhopalomeres 1 and 2 of the club (Figs. 106 – 107). Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene from R. dimidiata populations in the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands indicates differences in the sequence of this gene compared with R. slossoni in Florida (Tang et al. in prep.). Biology — This species develops and reproduces in the male cones of many forms of the Zamia pumila complex on the various islands of its range. Type Locality — “ Ins. Cuba ”. Range — Known from Cuba, Isle of Youth [= Isle of Pines], the Cayman Islands, and in the Bahamas on Abaco, Andros, Eleuthera, Grand Bahama, New Providence and Long Island. Material Examined — BAHAMAS: Abaco: Tilloo Cay Reserve, coastal scrubland, [GPS coord. omitted], ex ♂ cone Zamia sp., 8 - II- 2011, M. Calonje, S. Gilmer et al. (32); Abaco Nat. Park, pineland, [GPS coord. omitted], ex Zamia sp. ♂ cone, 9 - II- 2011, M. Calonje & J. Francisco-Ortega (6); Andros: 3 km N. of San Andros, pine forest, [GPS coord. omitted], 10 m, ex ♂ cone Zamia sp., II- 21 - 2010, M. Calonje & A. Meerow (28); Twin Lakes, coppice in pine forest, [GPS coord. omitted], 10 m, ex ♂ cone Zamia sp., II- 23 - 2010, M. Calonje & A. Meerow (13); Eleuthera: So. Palmetto Point, limestone bluff W. of docks, 10 m, [GPS coord. omitted], III- 1 - 2010, M. Calonje, R. Adams et al. (2); Gaulding Cay Beach, dunes & thickets, [GPS coord. omitted], ex ♂ cone Zamia angustifolia, 11 - II- 2011, M. Calonje & L. Johnson (44); S. of Ten Bay Beach, limestone hills, [GPS coord. omitted], ex ♂ cone Zamia sp., 12 - II- 2011, M. Calonje & L. Johnson (32); Grand Bahama: Freeport, E. of Fishing Hole Rd, [GPS coord. omitted], ex ♂ cone Zamia sp., 4 - II- 2011, M. Calonje & J. Francisco-Ortega (17); Long Island: Pettys, E coast sand dune, [GPS coord. omitted], ex ♂ cone Zamia lucayana, I- 28 - 2012, W. & L. Tang (179); Buckleys, E coast sand dune, [GPS coord. omitted], 18 m, ex ♂ cone Zamia lucayana, I- 29 - 2012, W. & L. Tang (139); New Providence: 0.5 km S. Lynden Pindling airp., pine forest, 6 m, [GPS coord. omitted], III- 7 - 2010, M. Calonje & J. Francisco-Ortega (37). CAYMAN ISLANDS: Cayman Brac: W. I., The Creek, 5 – 9 - IV- 97, E. A. Dilbert, Blacklight Trap (3); Maj. Donald Dr. (sw), ♂ cone Zamia sp., emerge 20 – 22 - I- 2013, W. Tang (47); Maj. Donald Dr., farm [GPS coord. omitted], Zamia sp. ♂ cone, coll 20 - I, emerge 23 – 31 - I- 2013, W. Tang (30); Songbird Dr., ♂ cone Zamia sp., emerge 19 – 21 - I- 2013, W. Tang (22); Grand Cayman: Salina Reserve, north area 29 Dec. 1992, F. J. Burton, ex. single male cone (in anthesis) Zamia pumila L. (cycad) (16). CUBA: Bowing 63 – 47 * Derelomus? Dimidiatus Ch Cuba / Dimidiatus Cuba (Derel.?) (Ch.) / New Gen. (1); Isle of Pines [Isle of Youth]: nr. Rio Callejon, nr. Santa Barbara, I: 3 – 7: 1950, L. Ross, Reared from Cycas [Zamia] (4); Matanzas: Varadera, 10 - I- 62, A. Barrera s / Zamia [lost from point in UNAM collection.] (0). Holotype not seen. Specimens (652) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, INbio, IZCAS, MIUP, NMHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFBA1D14FF330A9DFE6EF833.taxon	description	(Adult male and female, larva, pupa and egg illustrated in Norstog et al. 1992, Norstog and Nicholls 1997)	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFBA1D14FF330A9DFE6EF833.taxon	description	REDESCRIPTION — Body minute to small (range 1.8 – 3.1 mm, mean = 2.6 mm, n = 38), robust, broad-oval; distinctly bicolored, orange-red and black. Male. Rostrum: moderately long, as long as pronotum, brownish orange; coarsely, rugosely punctate in basal 2 / 3, finely more sparsely punctate in apical 1 / 3, moderately strongly expanded in apical 1 / 4; moderately but evenly curved in lateral view. Head: entire dorsum including forehead, rugosely punctate, forehead nearly equal in width between median basal and apical margins of eyes. Antennae: scape as long as desmomeres 3 + 4, 1 – 2 elongate, 3 – 7 rounded, submoniliform; scape and funicle reddish brown; club with rhopalomeres 1 and 2 piceus to black, apical rhopalomere pale yellowish. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.33 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, evenly expanded to middle, there subparallel to slightly rounded base; lateral margins with minute denticles; disc with coarse, dense, not contiguous punctures, laterally subrugose; individuals with pronotum, dorsal surface of head and profemora with fine reticulation visible under high magnification 40 – 100 X; uniform orange-brown. Scutellum: narrowly subquadrate, with sparse large coarse punctures. Elytra: 0.68 – 0.71 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri, to slightly expanded near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to broadly rounded deeply emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctured, humeral area with discrete punctures, medially and apically transversely rugosely punctured; humeral and posthumeral areas and submedially orange-brown, remainder including postscutellar sutural area black. Legs: very robust, procoxae protruding, with pair of blunt inner apical processes; profemora very strongly asymmetrically swollen, with apical pit-like impression, receiving base of tibia, each margin with small apical tooth; protibiae very stout in lateral view, with base very strongly rounded with right angle bend, large tooth on anterior inner surface near base, inner surface weakly submedially narrowly excavate from base to near apex, apex with large anterior mucro, and rather large posteriorly directed tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 3.20 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.3 X longer than pronotum, smooth, nearly impunctate, very weakly expanded apically. Prothorax: 1.50 X wider than long; sides more or less evenly rounded from narrow apex to slightly narrowed base. Legs: protibiae lacking inner basal tooth, inner surface with moderately broad shallow excavation; with two apical teeth, small and subequal in size. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.80 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.71 – 0.84 mm (n = 3). Penis: in dorsal view subparallel to slightly tapering, near gonopore tapering increasing sharply, but evenly, apex appearing rounded (Figs. 137, 179). Internal sac: in fully extruded position demarcated by pair of sclerotized dorsally pointing transfer apparatus into two portions (Fig. 237), anterior 2 / 3 near apex of penis covered with spicules, posterior 1 / 3 without spicules; short filament arising subapically from between transfer apparatus. Tegmen: apical visor medium-length, <1 / 3 its width; distal margin with 14 – 18 setae (Figs. 201 – 202, 219, visible number in 2 photos examined). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.69 – 0.70 mm long (n = 2), arms slightly shorter than apodeme, diverging from apodeme with slight angle (<20 ˚) between arms for ~ 3 / 10 of length, then diverging at moderate angle (~ 45 ˚) for ~ 3 / 10 of length, then curved inward and briefly subparallel, and converging slightly near apices (Fig. 246). Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males 1.05 – 1.20 (mean = 1.10, n = 10) and of females 1.22 – 1.37 (mean = 1.30, n = 10); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males 1.36 – 1.48 (mean = 1.42, n = 10) and of females 1.49 – 1.61 (mean = 1.55, n = 10). Remarks — Rhopalotria slossoni is most closely related to R. dimidiata and is distinguished by its black elytra with brown only in the humeral region and its more highly fused sensory pockets of rhopalomeres 1 and 2 of the club (Figs. 106 – 107). Biology — Occurs naturally on the native Zamia from southern Florida; different workers agree that the host Zamia in this area forms a single species, but different names have been assigned to it including Z. floridana and Z. pumila; currently it is recognized in the World List of Cycads (Osborne et al. 2012) as Z. integrifolia. Observation and exclusion experiments by Tang (1987) and Norstog et al. (1992) demonstrated that R. slossoni is a pollinator of Z. integrifolia in Florida. Range — Native to southern Florida; collected on the east coast from Palm Beach Co. to Miami-Dade Co. and on the west coast from Sarasota Co. Although suitable host Zamia sp. occur naturally through most of northern Florida into southern coastal Georgia it has not been detected from this region until recent collections in Orlando, Orange Co, Florida (S. Kelly, pers. comm). This may be a recent introduction via the landscape industry. Material Examined — U. S. A.: Florida: [Miami-Dade Co.], Homestead, ex Zamia flowers, 28 - II- 19, Schwarz & Barber (1); 13 - III- 19, Schwarz & Barber (1), ex Zamia, 26 - II- 19, E. A. Schwarz (2); Homestead Ag. Res. & Ed. Center, XII- 1 - 1972, R. M. Baranowski, ex strobilus Zamia integrifolia (502); Homestead, I- 1997, R. M. Baranowski, on Zamia floridana ♂ flowers (134); Miami Springs, ex cone ♂ Zamia integrifolia, 9 - I- 2008, W. Tang (13); Navy Wells, [GPS coord. omitted], 28 - I- 2006, W. Tang, wild Zamia floridana M cone (17); Thompson Park, [GPS coord. omitted], 28 - XII- 2005, W. Tang, ex Zamia floridana M cone (8); Thompson Park, [GPS coord. omitted], 28 - I- 2006, W. Tang, ex Zamia floridana M cone (55); Orange Co., Orlando, UCF Campus / MacKay Tract, N 28 ° 35 ’ 21 ”, W 81 ° 12 ’ 56 ”, Sawgrass Marsh-Red Maple, Malaise trap, 2 / 7 / 2013, S. McCarthy, S. M. Fullerton (1); UCF Campus — outside Bio. Bldg., N 28 ° 36 ’ 0 ”, W 81 ° 11 ’ 53 ”, Ex: Male Zamia cones, 2 / 12 / 2014, S. L. Kelly (10); Palm Beach Co., Lake Worth, ex ♂ cone Zamia floridana, Jan- 2011, D. Holton (9); Palm Beach Co., Loxahatchee, ex ♂ cone Zamia floridana, Feb- 2011, D. Holton (3); Sarasota Co, Venice, N 27 ˚ 07.01 W 82 ˚ 21.65, 21 - I- 2006, W. Tang, cult. Zamia floridana M cone (11); Englewood, N 26 ˚ 60 W 82 ˚ 23.6, 22 - I- 2006, W. Tang, cult. Zamia floridana M cone (6); N 27 ˚ 0.2 W 82 ˚ 24, 22 - I- 2006, W. Tang, wild Zamia floridana M cone (7); N 27 ˚ 0.1 W 82 ˚ 23.2, 22 - I- 2006, W. Tang, wild Zamia floridana M cone (1); Venice, LB Pres. [Lemon Bay Preserve], N 27 ˚ 02 W 82 ˚ 25, 7 - II- 2006, M. Perry, wild Zamia floridana M cone, (22); Koch Par. [Parcel], N 27 ˚ 06 W 82 ˚ 20, 7 - II- 2006, M. Perry, wild Zamia floridana M cone (3); Jelk Pres. [Preserve], N 27 ˚ 06 W 82 ˚ 21, 7 - II- 2006 M. Perry, wild Zamia floridana M cone (1). Holotype not seen. Specimens (807) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, INBio, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB81D16FF330E8DFA8DF9A2.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small (range 2.0 – 2.9 mm, mean = 2.4 mm, n = 11), robust, elongate-oval; distinctly bicolored, orange-red and black. Male (holotype). Rostrum: moderately long, 1.08 X longer than pronotum, light brownish orange; coarsely, rugosely punctate in basal 2 / 3, finely more sparsely punctate in apical 1 / 3, moderately strongly expanded in apical 1 / 2; moderately but evenly curved in lateral view. Head: entire dorsum including forehead, rugosely punctate; distance between apical margin of eyes ca. half as wide as distance between basal margin of eyes, distance between apical margin of eyes ca. equal to length of eyes. Antennae: scape length 0.85 X as long as eye and 0.99 X as long as desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 2 elongate, 3 – 7 rounded, submoniliform; scape and funicle reddish brown; club with rhopalomeres 1 – 2 piceus to black, and rhopalomere 3 with pale yellowish distal tip. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.45 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, evenly expanded to middle, there slightly narrowed to slightly rounded base; lateral margins with minute denticles; disc with coarse, dense, not contiguous punctures, laterally subrugose; individuals with pronotum, dorsal surface of head and profemora with fine reticulation visible under high magnification 40 – 100 X; uniformly brownish orange. Scutellum: narrowly subquadrate, with sparse large coarse punctures. Elytra: 0.62 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri, to slightly expanded near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to broadly rounded deeply emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctured, medially rugosely punctured; entirely and evenly blackish brown. Legs: very robust, procoxae protruding, with single inner apical process; profemora very strongly asymmetrically swollen, with apical pit-like impression, receiving base of tibia, anterior margin of apical pit near its base with stout apical tooth, posterior margin near base with rounded tooth; protibiae very stout in lateral view, with base very strongly rounded with right angle bend, rounded subapical tooth on inner surface near base, inner surface weakly submedially narrowly excavate from base to near apex, apex with large anterior mucro, and smaller posteriorly directed tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.5 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.30 X longer than pronotum, basal half finely sparsely punctate, distal half smooth, nearly impunctate, very weakly expanded apically. Prothorax: 1.56 X longer than wide; sides more or less evenly rounded from narrow apex to slightly narrowed base. Legs: protibiae lacks inner basal tooth, inner surface with moderately broad shallow excavation, with two apical teeth small and subequal in size. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.4 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodeme together 0.68 – 0.73 mm (n = 2). Penis: in dorsal view bulging in basal half, slightly tapering toward apex, near gonopore tapering increasing sharply with angle between sides ~ 65 ˚, to subtruncate apex (Figs. 139, 180). Tegmen: distal margin with 20 setae (Fig. 220). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.56 – 0.65 mm long (n = 3), arms 68 – 83 % as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme with slight angle (<20 ˚) between arms for ~ 1 / 3 of length, then diverging at sharper angle (~ 60 ˚) for ~ 1 / 3 of length, then bending inward and becoming briefly subparallel, then converging slightly near apices (Fig. 247). Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.08 – 1.21 (mean = 1.11, n = 7) and of females = 1.22 – 1.30 (mean = 1.26, n = 9); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.45 – 1.58 (mean = 1.49, n = 7) and of females = 1.46 – 1.60 (mean = 1.54, n = 9). Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of Alan Meerow, one of the collectors of the type series of this species, and for his work on the population genetics of Caribbean Zamia. Remarks — Morphologically R. meerowi is the most distinctive of the three species in the subgenus Rhopalotria. This assessment is supported by molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA (Tang et al. in prep.). In color pattern, Rhopalotria meerowi is most similar to R. vovidesi. These two species can be distinguished by: 1) the presence of long hairs on the scutellum of R. vovidesi vs. absent in R. meerowi, 2) the presence of fine reticulation on the head, pronotum and profemora of R. meerowi vs. absent in R. vovidesi, and 3) RL / PL in females of R. vovidesi of 1.58 – 1.79 vs. 1.22 – 1.30 in females of R. meerowi. Biology — The host Zamia varies from a wide leaflet form with aerial trunks to narrow leaflet forms with entirely subterranean stems. Range — Known only from Jamaica, in the parishes of St. Ann and Trelawny, but likely occurs in other parishes where populations of Zamia occur. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] JAMAICA, St. Ann Parish, nr. / Puerto Bueno, 100 m, [GPS coord. omitted] / ex ♂ cone Zamia / cf. amblyphyllidia trunking form, / II- 10 - 2008, A. Meerow & M. Calonje; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Rhopalotria (Rhopalotria) / meerowi / Tang & O’Brien 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (12). Trelawny Parish: 3 k SW Falmouth, Greenside, Gun Hill, [GPS coord. omitted], 45 – 220 m, ex ♂ cone Zamia cf. portoricensis, II- 10 - 2008, A. Meerow & M. Calonje (14). Paratypes (26) are deposited at CAS, CWOB, FSCA, IEXA.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB81D16FF330E8DFA8DF9A2.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Allocorynus mollis Sharp, 1890, by monotypy	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB81D16FF330E8DFA8DF9A2.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. The subgenus Allocorynus can be distinguished from all other Allocorynina by the following character: ventrodistal surface of profemora of male with a single medial spine bordering the base of the apical pit that receives the base of the tibia (Fig. 273), when the tibia is in repose the spine is directly opposite the tibia and does not lie on the anterior or posterior side of the tibia as in other Allocorynina with profemoral spines (Figs. 271 – 272, 274, 276).	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB81D16FF330E8DFA8DF9A2.taxon	description	REDESCRIPTION. Body minute to medium-sized (BL = 1.8 – 3.6 mm, mean = 2.6 mm, n = 58); robust, broad-oval; uniformly brown or bicolored orange to black, elytra completely black or completely brown. Male. Rostrum: 0.91 – 1.23 X as long as pronotum (n = 34). Antennae: scape length 0.68 – 1.13 X eye length and 1.01 – 1.45 X length of desmomeres 1 + 2 (n = 20); club with rhopalomeres 1 and 2 each with both sides of distal surfaces with 3 round pits, visible at 112.5 X magnification, center pit of 3 larger and usually partly covered with spoke-like arrangement of filaments (Figs. 109 – 112). Prothorax: pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.34 – 1.52 (n = 34); distance between anterior margin of procoxae and distance to anterior margin of prosternum on average 1.24 – 2.4 X distance between posterior margin of procoxae and posterior margin of prosternum. Legs: ventrodistal surface of profemora with single medial spine bordering base of apical pit receiving base of tibia in repose (Fig. 273). Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.27 – 1.79 X longer than pronotum (n = 31), on average 26.8 – 43.6 % greater than in males and never with overlap with males within a species. Antennae: scape length = 0.75 – 1.23 X eye length (n = 20). Prothorax: PW / PL = 1.39 – 1.63 (n = 38), on average 4 – 11 % greater in females than in males, with no overlap or broad overlap between sexes depending on species; distance between anterior margin of procoxae and distance to anterior margin of prosternum on average 0.88 – 2.85 X distance between anterior margin of procoxae and posterior margin of prosternum. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.68 – 0.90 mm (n = 11). Penis: (Figs. 141 – 148, 181 – 184). Tegmen: apical visor length 17 – 27 % of length of apical plate (Figs. 203 – 204, 221 – 224). Female. Sternite VIII: (Figs. 248 – 251) 0.57 – 0.84 mm long (n = 9), arms ~ 0.7 – 1.1 X as long as apodeme. Host and Geographic Distribution — This subgenus is currently known from Mexico and Belize, but is likely to extend to Guatemala and perhaps further south in Central America. Its hosts include various species of Zamia and one species of Dioon, D. spinulosum. In the one species that has been studied closely, Rhopalotria (Allocorynus) furfuracea, larvae develop singly in individual sporophylls of male Zamia cones (Norstog & Fawcett 1989).	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFB91D10FF330887FE4BFDD5.taxon	description	REDESCRIPTION — Body small (range 2.2 – 2.6 mm, mean = 2.4 mm, n = 12), robust, broad-oval; body and elytra light orange-brown, head darker orange-brown. Male (lectotype). Rostrum: moderately long, 0.96 X as long as pronotum, light brown; coarsely, rugosely punctate in basal 2 / 3, moderately more sparsely punctate in apical 1 / 3, gradually weakly expanded in apical 1 / 3; slightly bent at center in lateral view. Head: light brown; entire dorsum including forehead, rugosely punctate, width of forehead between apical margin of eyes 0.56 X width between median basal margin of eyes; minimum distance between eyes less than length of eye. Antennae: scape length 0.78 X as long as eye and 1.27 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 ovate and as wide as scape, 2 – 3 narrower and elongate, 4 transitional from elongate to rounded, 5 – 7 rounded, submoniliform; antennae slightly paler in color than head and rostrum. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.43 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, evenly expanded to middle, there subparallel to slightly rounded base; lateral margins not denticulate; disc with fine, shallow, moderately dense, evenly distributed, not contiguous punctures, becoming coarse and subcontiguous on lateral margins; uniform pale orange-brown. Scutellum: subquadrate, with moderately large shallow dense punctures. Elytra: 0.60 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri, to slightly expanded near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to broadly rounded deeply emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctured, humeral area with discrete punctures; uniform pale orange-brown. Legs: robust, procoxae protruding, with pair of blunt inner apical processes; profemora very weakly asymmetrically swollen, with apical pit receiving base of tibia, basal margin of pit with very small sclerotized protrusion; protibiae stout in lateral view, with base obtusely rounded, no tooth on inner surface near base, inner surface medially broadly excavate from base to near apex, receiving ventral margin of femur, margins of excavation serrate, apex with small anterior mucro and equally small posterior tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.56 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.32 X longer than pronotum, smooth, nearly impunctate, very weakly expanded apically. Prothorax: sides more or less evenly rounded from narrow apex to slightly narrowed base; 1.53 X wider than long. Legs: protibiae normally developed, without basal bend, without basal slot to receive femoral tooth, and without excavation on inner surface or serration on margins. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.49 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.68 mm (n = 1), strongly curved ventrally (Figs. 141 – 142). Tegmen: apical visor relatively long, ~ half own width (Fig. 221). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.73 – 0.77 mm long (n = 2), arms slightly longer than apodeme, diverging from apodeme with 20 ˚ angle between arms for ~ half of length, then becoming subparallel, forming V-shape (Fig. 248). Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 0.94 – 1.01 (mean = 0.97, n = 9) and in females = 1.27 – 1.36 (mean = 1.31, n = 3); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.43 – 1. 52 (mean = 1.48, n = 9) and in females = 1.47 – 1.60 (mean = 1.54, n = 3). Remarks — Rhopalotria mollis is closely related to R. furfuracea; this is part of a cryptic species complex and can be distinguished by molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.). The 15 adult specimens of this species that were available for study fall within the lower size limits for R. furfuracea and are very similar morphologically to specimens of R. furfuracea in this size range. The male specimens available do not exhibit the swollen profemora with the ventrodistal spine present in the major males of R. mollis and it is unknown whether this species attains the larger size ranges of R. furfuracea. After the original description the type series is described as follows: “ Unfortunately nearly all of them are so immature as to be nearly valueless ” (Sharp 1890). Examination of the type series by the authors, however, reveals that specimens range from partially sclerotized to near fully sclerotized. The original author may have interpreted the soft-bodied condition of these specimens, typical in Allocorynina, as being teneral. These and other fully sclerotized specimens from Oaxaca exhibit the dark brown head of R. furfuracea; however, the antennae and to a lesser extent the prothorax and elytra are paler than those of R. furfuracea. The most distinctive diagnostic characters separating these species, however, are: 1) the dorsal interocular distance relative to head width at the eyes which in R. mollis = 0.276 – 0.310 (mean = 0.296, n = 12) and in R. furfuracea = 0.314 – 0.377 (mean = 0.353, n = 36) and 2) the shape of the arms of sternite VIII in females, which is V-shaped in R. mollis, but U-shaped in R. furfuracea (Figs. 248 – 249). The known host species of R. furfuracea are separated from the known host species for R. mollis by the Sierra Madre Occidental. Biology — Known to reproduce in the male cones of Zamia paucijuga, which is the sole recognized species of Zamia along the Pacific slope of Mexico from western Chiapas north to Nayarit. The cotype specimens were collected in Durango, the state bordering the northern boundary of Nayarit, and thus are slightly beyond the known northern extent of this host Zamia. It is likely that the cotype series was collected from an undiscovered population of this host Zamia. No other Zamia species occur in this region and Z. paucijuga is geographically disjunct from other Zamia species occurring east and south. One specimen of the cotype series originates from Tapachula in eastern Chiapas, where the likely host is another species of Zamia, Z. herrerae. This specimen is tentatively retained within R. mollis, pending further study. Range — Mexico, known from the states of Durango, Chiapas and Oaxaca; it is likely found with its known host, Zamia paucijuga, which is widely distributed in western Mexico in the states of Chiapas, Colima, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán, Nayarit and Oaxaca and on María Cleofas Island (Vovides & Chemnick, 2010). Material Examined — Lectotype (by present designation) male with the following labels: 1) [mounting board for specimen: rectangular; white; hand-written in black ink] ♂ / Allocorynus / mollis Type / D. S. / Ventanas, / Durango Höge; 2) [circular; white bordered with orange; printed in black ink] Type; 3) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] Ventanas / Durango / Höge; 4) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] B. C. A. Col. IV. 3. / Allocorynus / mollis / Sharp; 5) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] LECTOTYPE ♂ / Rhopalotria (Allocorynus) / mollis / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (BMNH). Paralectotypes: same label data, (9), (BMNH). MEXICO: Chiapas: Tapachula, Höge (1); Oaxaca: San Bartolomé Loxicha, [GPS omitted], distur. oak woodland, elev. 708 m, ex. Zamia paucijuga male cones, coll. J. Chemnick 21 May 2004 (5). Specimens (6) are deposited in BMNH, CAS, CWOB, FSCA, IEXA.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFBF1D13FF330C95FC67F8A6.taxon	description	(Adult male and female, larva, pupa and egg illustrated in Norstog & Fawcett 1989, Norstog et al. 1992, Norstog & Nicholls 1997) DESCRIPTION — Body minute to medium-sized (range 1.9 – 3.4 mm, mean = 2.7 mm, n = 20), robust, broad-oval; body and elytra orange-brown, head slightly darker orange-brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: moderately long, as long as pronotum, dark orange-brown; coarsely, rugosely punctate in basal 3 / 4, moderately more sparsely punctate in apical 1 / 4, gradually strongly expanded in apical half; moderately but evenly curved in lateral view. Head: entire dorsum including forehead, rugosely punctate, width of forehead between apical margins of eyes 0.67 X width between median basal margins of eyes; lacking transverse postocular groove; minimum distance between eyes subequal to length of eye. Antennae: scape longer than desmomeres 3 + 4, 1 – 2 elongate, 3 – 4 transitional from elongate to rounded, 5 – 7 rounded, submoniliform; desmomeres 3 – 7 darker orange-brown, others orange-brown. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.50 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, evenly expanded to middle, there slightly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate; disc with fine, shallow, moderately dense, evenly distributed, not contiguous punctures, becoming coarse and subcontiguous on lateral margins; uniform orange-brown. Scutellum: subquadrate, with moderately large shallow dense punctures. Elytra: 0.79 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri, to slightly expanded near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to broadly rounded deeply emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctured, humeral area with discrete punctures, medially and apically weakly rugosely punctured in concentric pattern centered 3 / 4 distance from base to apex; uniformly orange-brown. Legs: very robust, procoxae protruding, with pair of blunt inner apical processes; profemora very strongly asymmetrically swollen, with apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, each margin with very small apical tooth, large pointed subapical tooth on anterior inner surface with length subequal to width of proximal bend of protibiae; protibiae very stout in lateral view, with base strongly obtusely rounded, no tooth on inner surface near base, however with slot receiving subapical tooth of profemur, inner surface medially broadly excavate from base to near apex receiving ventral margin of profemur, margins of excavation serrate, apex with small anterior mucro and equally small posterior tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.80 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.31 X longer than pronotum, very weakly expanded apically. Prothorax: sides more or less evenly rounded from narrow apex to slightly narrowed base. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.80 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.82 – 0.90 mm (n = 6). Penis: in dorsal view basal half slightly bulging, moderately tapering toward apex, near gonopore tapering increasing sharply with angle between sides ~ 60 ˚, to subtruncate apex (see Figs. 141 – 142, 181). Tegmen: apical visor relatively long, ~ half own width; distal margin with 8 setae. Female. Sternite VIII: 0.78 – 0.83 mm long (n = 3), arms ~ as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at about even angle (~ 40 ˚) between arms for ~ half of length, then bending inward and becoming subparallel, then converging at slight angle near apex (Fig. 249). Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 0.91 – 0.99 (mean = 0.95, n = 13) and of females = 1.30 – 1.43 (mean = 1.35, n = 17); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.40 – 1.52 (mean = 1.45, n = 13) and of females = 1.42 – 1.63 (mean = 1.51, n = 17). Etymological Note — This species epithet refers to the association of this beetle with one of its host plants, Zamia furfuracea, which has been spread widely in tropical and subtropical regions of the world for use in landscaping. Rhopalotria furfuracea has been introduced in Florida along with this host plant and has become established there and possibly other regions where Z. furfuracea is used as a landscape ornamental. Remarks — Rhopalotria furfuracea is closely related to R. mollis and together they form a cryptic species complex that is most readily separated by the shape of female sternite VIII and by their dorsal interocular distance relative to head width at the eyes (see Remarks under R. mollis). Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene indicates that specimens from recently established populations in Florida have identical sequences to R. furfuracea from Tabasco and Veracruz states, on the eastern side of Mexico (Tang et al. in press). These in turn have a significant genetic difference from R. mollis collected from Zamia paucijuga from the western side of Mexico in Oaxaca. Currently we treat all specimens from eastern Mexico found in association with, or in the vicinity of, Z. furfuracea, Z. loddigesii, Z. spartea and Z. splendens as R. furfuracea. Biology — Develops and reproduces in the male cones of various species of Zamia in eastern Mexico, including Z. furfuracea, Z. loddigesii, Z. spartea and Z. splendens. Exclusion experiments by Norstog et al. (1986) demonstrated that R. furfuracea is a pollinator of Zamia furfuracea and Norstog & Fawcett (1989) described this beetle’s life cycle in detail. Range — Mexico, in the Atlantic slope of the states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Veracruz, and naturalized in the U. S. A. in the southern half of Florida, where it inhabits cultivated plants of Zamia furfuracea. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] Ver., Mun. Catemaco, Montepío, 2 - 8 - 1980, A. Vovides; 2) on male strobili Zamia furfuracea; 3) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Rhopalotria (Allocorynus) / furfuracea / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data (9). MEXICO: Chiapas: 8 km. NW. Ocozocaulta, in dry canyon, 860 m., 24 - V- 1996, R. Jones, ex: Zamia loddigesii Miq. (22); Mpio. Ocozocaulta, 28 km. NW. Ocozocaulta, 1 - V- 1996, Ballinas Zabaleta, ex Zamia splendens Schutzman, Col. 091 (15); Oaxaca: Chimalapas, [GPS coord. omitted], 270 m, ♂ cone Zamia spartea, 21 - XII- 2013, W. Tang, emerge 2014 (5); Tabasco: Mpio. Huimanguillo, " El Encinar ", Km. 32 de la carretera de Francisco Rueda a Huimanguillo, terrenos de Gregorio Corrall, ca. 17 o 46 ' N y 93 o 50 ' W. Encinar relictual, suelos arenosos, altitude ca. 50 m, Zamia loddigesii ♂ cone, S. D. Koch, N. Koch, & O. Koch no. 006, May 28, 2000 (1); Jaguaroundi P., [GPS coord. omitted], 3 m, cone ♂ Zamia loddigesii, 19 - XII- 2013, W. Tang, emerge 2014 (18); Veracruz: nr. Jalapa, 1980, A. Vovides (3); Fortin de las Flores, 8 - VII- 1992, coll. M. C. Thomas (6); Roca Partida San Andres, Tuxtla, 2 m, coastal dune vegetation, ex: ♂ cone Zamia furfuracea, 28 - vii- 1991, A. P. Vovides (7). U. S. A.: Florida: Lee Co., Sanibel Is., J. N. (Ding) Darling Nat. Wildlife Ref., Bailey’s Tract, UV, 5 - VIII- 1998, N 26 o 25.3 ”, W 82 o 04 ’ 54 ”, A. K. Rasmussen, B. Hanley (1); [Miami-] Dade Co., Coconut Grove, Miami, 3475 Main Highway, B. L. Trap, 24 – 25 July 96, J. Brambila (2); Coral Gables, Fairchild Trop. Gardens Res. Center, July 8 1987 Wm. Tang, ex strobili of male Zamia furfuracea (615); reared ex strobili Zamia furfuracea, 21 – 22 July 1987 (9); 3 Aug. 1987 ex male cones Zamia furfuracea (500); 3 Aug. 1987, ex pupal cell in scale ♂ cone Zamia furfuracea (32); 13 Aug. 1987, ex pupal cell in scale ♂ cone Zamia furfuracea (39); Girl Scout Cp., Mahacee, 9950 Old CutlerRd., UVtrap, 10 – 16 - VI- 1998, J & N Gleason (2); Homestead, 26000 S. W. 197 Ave., 7 - VIII- 96, R. M. Baranowski, Blacklight Trap (38); Mont. Bot. Center, 11901 Old Cutler, blacklight-cycad bed, 9 - VIII- 00 T. Dobbs (5); Miami Springs, library, ex: ♂ cone Zamia furfuracea, VII- 2007, W. Tang (115); 1 - VII- 2007, W. Tang (266); 14 - VII- 2012, W. Tang (61); Monroe Cnty., Old Hwy. on Ocean, Mile Marker 88, 23 – 24 - VIII- 96, BLT, H. Glenn (1); Palm Beach Co., Delray Beach, Country Lake, August 9, 1991, Vince Golia, Mercury Vapor Light (2); Lake Worth, ex ♂ cone Zamia standleyi, May 2014, D. Holton (2); Michigan: Grand Rapids, VIII- 9 - 1995, Federick Meijer, on cycad Zamia furfuracea (2). Paratypes (1778) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, INBio, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FFBC1D2DFF3309B8FF3DFF3D.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body minute to medium-sized (range 1.9 – 3.1 mm, mean = 2.5 mm, n = 13), robust, broad-oval; body and elytra orange-brown, head and rostrum darker orange-brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: moderately long, 1.1 X longer than pronotum, dark orange-brown; coarsely, rugosely punctate (to denticulate in large males in basal 3 / 4, moderately more sparsely punctate in apical 1 / 4, gradually strongly expanded in apical half; moderately but evenly curved in lateral view. Head: with entire dorsum including forehead, rugosely punctate, forehead with short deep median groove, median area between apical margins of eyes ca. 0.50 X as wide as between basal margins of eyes; minimum distance between eyes smaller than length of eye. Antennae: with scape longer than desmomeres 3 + 4, 1 – 2 elongate, 3 – 4 transitional from elongate to rounded, 5 – 7 rounded, submoniliform; desmomeres 3 – 7 darker orange-brown, others orange-brown. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.36 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, evenly expanded to middle, there subparallel to slightly rounded base; lateral margins not denticulate; disc with fine, shallow, moderately dense, evenly distributed, not contiguous punctures, becoming coarse and subcontiguous on lateral margins; uniform orange-brown. Scutellum: subquadrate, with moderately large shallow dense punctures. Elytra: <7 / 10 as wide as long (range 0.64 – 0.68, n = 5); subparallel behind rounded humeri, to slightly expanding near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to broadly rounded deeply emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctate, medially and apically weakly rugosely punctate in a concentric pattern centered 3 / 4 distance from base to apex; uniformly orange-brown. Legs: very robust, procoxae protruding, with pair of blunt inner apical processes; profemora very strongly asymmetrically swollen, with apical pit-like impression, receiving base of tibia, each margin with very small apical tooth, large pointed subapical tooth on anterior inner surface with length subequal to width of proximal bend of protibiae; protibiae very stout in lateral view, with base strongly obtusely rounded, no tooth on inner surface near base, however with slot receiving subapical tooth of femur, inner surface medially broadly excavate from base to near apex receiving ventral margin of femur, margins of excavation serrate, apex with large anterior mucro and equally small posterior tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.04 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.38 X longer than pronotum, smooth, nearly impunctate, very weakly expanded apically. Prothorax: 1.52 X wider than long, sides more or less evenly rounded from narrow apex to slightly narrowed base. Legs: protibiae normally developed, without basal bend, without basal slot to receive femoral tooth, and without excavation on inner surface or serration on margins. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.48 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.75 – 0.78 mm (n = 2). Penis: in dorsal view sides subparallel, near gonopore tapering sharply with angle between sides ~ 65 ˚, to subtruncate apex (Figs. 145 – 146, 183). Tegmen: distal margin with 13 – 14 setae (Fig. 223). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.63 – 0.68 mm long (n = 3), arms ~ as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at even angle (37 – 39 ˚) between arms for about half of length, then curved inward and becoming subparallel, then converging at slight angle near apex (Fig. 250). Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.05 – 1.18 (mean = 1.12, n = 11) and of females = 1.36 – 1.47 (mean = 1.41, n = 11); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.34 – 1.46 (mean = 1.37, n = 11) and of female = 1.46 – 1.56 (mean = 1.52, n = 11). Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of Michael Calonje for his work in collecting the type series of this species and many more specimens used herein, in addition to his contributions to Zamia taxonomy. Remarks — Rhopalotria (A.) calonjei is most closely related to R. (A.) mollis and R. (A.) furfuracea, but can be distinguished from these two by its narrower body, the longer rostrum in males (RL / PL = 1.05 – 1.18), smaller eyes as measured by dorsal interocular distance relative to head width at eyes (DIO / HW) = 0.37 – 0.44 and the presence in its major males of denticulations on the rostrum. In these other two species male RL / PL = 0.91 – 1.01 and DIO / HW = 0.28 – 0.38. Biology — The host is Zamia decumbens, a unique species growing in relatively dry conditions under limestone overhangs in sinkholes in the Maya Mountains (see Calonje et al. 2009). Range — Belize, Toledo District, Maya Mountains. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] BELIZE, Toledo Distr., 4.8 km N / San Jose (Hawaii) vill., sinkhole, / [GPS coord. omitted], 350 m / ex ♂ cone Zamia decumbens, / IX- 2 - 2008, M. Calonje, BZ 08 - 204; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Rhopalotria (Allocorynus) / calonjei / Tang & O’Brien 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data (29) and BZ 204 (33); Maya Mts, Columbia River Reser., sinkhole, [GPS coord. omitted], 700 m, ex ♂ cone Zamia decumbens, IX- 4 - 2008, M. Calonje, BZ 08 - 225 (9). Paratypes (71) are deposited at CAS, CWOB, EMEC, FSCA, IEXA.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF821D2CFF330F3DFC61FD40.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body minute to medium-sized (range 1.8 – 3.6 mm, mean = 2.6 mm, n = 14), robust, broad-oval; distinctly bicolored, orange and black. Male (holotype). Rostrum: moderately long, 1.13 X longer than pronotum, brownish orange; moderately, coarsely, subrugosely, substriately punctate nearly to apex, there weakly expanded; moderately but evenly curved in lateral view. Head: with entire dorsum excluding median area of forehead, moderately coarsely, subrugosely punctate; forehead with short deep median groove with margins of groove impunctate; median area between apical margins of eyes ca. 2 / 3 as wide as between basal margins of eyes. Antennae: with scape almost as long as eye, as long as desmomeres 1 + 2, 3 – 4 shorter but elongate, 5 – 6 rounded, 7 transverse; scape, funicle and club brownish orange with apex of apical rhopalomere of club pale yellowish. Prothorax: moderately strongly transverse, 1.28 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, evenly expanding to slightly narrowed rounded base; lateral margins lacking minute denticles; disc with moderately coarse to fine, dense, not contiguous punctures, laterally subrugose; uniform brownish orange. Scutellum: moderately subquadrate, apex rounded; with dense, coarse punctures and dense, fine, golden, recumbent setae. Elytra: 1.28 X longer than wide; subparallel behind rounded humeri, to scarcely expanded near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to broadly rounded moderately emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctured, medially subrugosely punctured for entire length, laterally less densely and less coarsely punctured; entirely evenly blackish brown. Legs: robust, procoxae protruding, with single subacute inner apical process; profemora strongly asymmetrically swollen, with apical pit-like impression, receiving base of tibia, each margin with small apical tooth; protibiae very stout in lateral view, with base very strongly rounded with right angle bend, lacking tooth on anterior inner surface near base, inner surface moderaterly submedially narrowly excavate from base to near apex, apex with large curved anterior mucro and smaller apically directed tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.80 mm. Female. Same as male except; Rostrum: long, 1.58 X longer than pronotum, very weakly expanded apically. Prothorax: 1.47 X wider than long; sides more or less evenly rounded from narrow apex to slightly narrowed base. Elytra: 1.53 X longer than wide. Legs: with protibiae lacking inner basal tooth, inner surface with moderately shallow excavation, two apical teeth small and subequal in size. Length, pronotum and elytron: 2.50 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 0.78 – 0.88 mm (n = 2). Penis: in dorsal view moderately tapering, then near gonopore tapering sharply with angle between sides at ~ 55 ˚, to subtruncate apex (Figs. 147, 184). Tegmen: with distal margin with 9 setae (# visible in 1 photo). Female. Sternite VIII: 0.57 – 0.75 mm long (n = 2), arms ~ longer than apodeme, diverging from apodeme at even angle (~ 36 ˚) between arms for about 3 / 5 of length, then bending inward and converging slightly for rest of length (Fig. 251). Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.21 – 1.23 (mean = 1.16, n = 5) and in females = 1.58 – 1.79 (mean = 1.65, n = 8); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.34 – 1.42 (mean = 1.39, n = 5) and of females = 1.43 – 1.62 (mean = 1.48, n = 8). Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of Andrew Vovides, who collected a large part of the type series of this species and many more specimens used herein, in addition to his many contributions to the taxonomy, ecology and conservation of Mexican cycads. Remarks — Rhopalotria vovidesi is currently the sole member of the “ spinulosum ” species group. It can be distinguished from other members of the genus Rhopalotria by four characters: 1) the presence of long hairs on the scutellum; 2) the smooth texture and lack of reticulation between the punctures of the head, pronotum and elytra; 3) RL / PL in females of R. vovidesi of 1.58 – 1.79 vs. 1.22 – 1.57 in other species of Rhopalotria; 4) presence of a complete fringe of fine hairs on the anterior margin of the pronotum, a character which has been observed in other Rhopalotria in only a single specimen of R. calonjei. These characters and pending genetic analysis may support the placement of R. vovidesi into its own subgenus within the genus Rhopalotria, however, here it is tentatively retained within the subgenus Allocorynus. Biology — Unlike other members of the genus Rhopalotria, R. vovidesi is not associated with Zamia and is the only known Rhopalotria that inhabits the cones of a Dioon. Its host, D. spinulosum, is considered a relatively basal member of its genus. Range — Mexico, known from the states of Oaxaca and Veracruz. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] MEXICO, Oax. Hwy 147, 6 mi. SE. Jcn. 175 & 147, 200 ’, 25 Aug. 1982, C. & L. O’Brien & G. Wibmer: 2) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] ex: male strobile Dioon spinulosum; 3) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Rhopalotria (Allocorynus) / vovidesi / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (CAS on long term loan to CWOB). Paratypes: same label data, (19). MEXICO: Oax. (Oaxaca): 6 mi. SE, Jcn. 175 & 147, Hwy. 147, 300 ’, 7 - 7 - 1980, A. Vovides, median stage subdeciduous rain forest, ex: male strobile Dioon spinulosum (13); 16 km from Tuxtepec, Ejido de la Mina, 1980, A. Vovides, in ♂ cone of Dioon spinulosum, 100 m (1); Tuxtepec, “ Las Mitras ”, 23 - VII- 1992, M. A. Perez Dioon spinulosum (3); V. C. [Veracruz]: nr. Tierra Blanca, 15 - VII- 1987, W. Tang, ex: male cone Dioon spinulosum (3); Rancho Las Minas, Tuxtepec, 100 m, sub-deciduous tropical rain forest on karst topography, ex ♂ cone of Dioon spinulosum, 18 - VI- 1992, A. P. Vovides (12). Paratypes (51) are deposited at ANIC, BMNH, CMNC, CAS, CWOB, EMEC, FSCA, IEXA, UNAM, USNM.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF831D29FF330CE6FE17FE1B.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Allocorynus (Parallocorynus) bicolor Voss, 1943, by monotypy.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF831D29FF330CE6FE17FE1B.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. The genus Parallocorynus can be distinguished from other Allocorynina by the following combination of diagnostic characters: head with postocular transverse groove; rhopalomeres 1 – 2 of club with both sides of distal ends each with single round to oval pit; RL / PL = 0.96 – 1.48 in males and 1.27 – 1.95 in females; males and females without fine reticulations visible on dorsum of head, pronotum and profemora at magnifications of 40 – 100 X; male penis with pronounced transverse dorsal sclerotized bridge at base; wing with 3 – 4 anal veins present, 1 A 2 obsolete, short, occasionally missing; wing rm vein not sclerotized and forming T-junction with Mr vein.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF831D29FF330CE6FE17FE1B.taxon	description	REDESCRIPTION. Body small to large (BL = 2.5 – 6.2 mm, mean = 4.1 mm, n = 414); robust, elongate broad-oval; uniformly brown or dorsal surface bicolored orange to black, with portion of elytra often partially black and other parts of body and legs with same two colors. Male. Rostrum: denticulate on dorsal and dorsolateral surface, degree of denticulation increased with increase in size of individual, 0.96 – 1.48 X as long as pronotum (n = 220); labial palps 3 - segmented. Head: with strongly developed postocular transverse groove. Antennae: insertion facing anteriad; scape length = 1.11 – 2.61 X eye length (n = 57; mean for each species variable = 1.18 – 2.23) and 1.07 – 1.58 X length of funicle 1 – 2 together [n = 57; mean for 11 or 12 species similar = 1.21 – 1.39 (exception Parallocorynus chemnicki = 1.07, n = 1)], rhopalomeres 1 – 2 of club with one large oval pit on distal surface on each side (visible with stereoscope at 40 X magnification), each pit with numerous filaments along rim pointing to center (Figs. 113 – 124); width of antennal club pits>, ~ or <diameter of insertion for club apical rhopalomere (Figs. 113 – 124). Eyes: dorsal interocular distance relative to head width at eye = 0.40 – 0.56; postocular head width <or> head width at eye (mean = 0.99, range = 0.91 – 1.10, n = 108). Prothorax: with sharply impressed line paralleling anterior margin, forming distinct thickened, sclerotized anterior collar; fine hairs fringe anterior margin; pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.11 – 1.47 (n = 236); notopleural suture short and not reaching anterior margin of prosternum; distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 2.6 – 5.6 X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior margin of prosternum; sclerotized, black-colored septum completely separating procoxal cavities absent. Legs: profemora either: 1) swollen and with granulations on ventral surface, 2) swollen and with granulations and a spine on ventral surface or 3) not swollen and without granulations or spines. Wings: 3 – 4 anal veins, 1 A 1 complete, 1 A 2 obsolete and reaching only short distance from margin or occasionally missing, 2 A complete, 3 A obsolete and reaching halfway to margin beyond its confluence with 2 A; rm vein not sclerotized, forming a T-junction with Mr vein, most of length of Mr vein occurring as proximal spur beyond junction (Fig. 98). Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.27 – 1.95 X longer than pronotum (n = 187), on average 14 – 52 % greater than in males, with no overlap between sexes within species. Eyes: postocular head width <or> head width at eye, 2.3 – 8.0 % greater in females than males (mean = 1.04, range = 0.91 – 1.14, n = 102). Prothorax: PW / PL = 1.14 – 1.51 (n = 211), on average 2 – 17 % greater than in males, with slight overlap between sexes within some species. Legs: profemora not swollen and differing from those of males only in subgenera with males having profemora with granulations or spines. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.04 – 1.64 (1.76 in one specimen atypically straightened) mm (n = 46), reaching greatest length in Allocorynina. Penis: in lateral view longitudinally trough-shaped, moderately curved, in dorsal view sides subparallel or converging slightly apicad for most of length, slightly expanding laterally before apex at approximately 2 / 3 from base, or not (Figs. 149 – 172); apex narrowing apicad to rounded point; length from orifice to apex approximately 1 X or 2 X width at orifice (Figs. 185 – 196); transverse dorsal sclerotized bridge present at base; apodemes approximately same length as penis, slightly concave on inner surface, in lateral view widening gradually from junction with penis until narrowed at rounded base. Internal sac: in retracted position protruding well beyond base of penis almost to, or beyond, base of apodemes, basal section mostly covered by scales or spicules, with sinuate endophallic strut along ventral midline (Figs. 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160) or not (Figs. 162, 164, 166, 168, 170, 172), sclerotized endophallic dart visible usually within basal third – half. Tegmen: apical plate in lateral view <1 / 4 length of plate, in dorsal view slightly narrowed apicad to truncate or slightly rounded apex, apex without dorsal shelf, apical plate rigid except for distal margin, there curled ventrally along transverse axis, or not; fringed with setae numbering> 20 – 30 or <20 and with longest setae <width of apical plate (Figs. 205 – 212, 225 – 236). Female. Sternite VIII: (Figs. 252 – 263) 0.96 – 1.47 mm long (n = 35), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at constant or slightly increasing angle between arms for 2 / 3 – 4 / 5 of length, then forming sharp angulate or rounded bend, then usually converging (apices not touching) but sometimes becoming subparallel; band of setae on slightly sclerotized membrane connecting apices of arms, when arms not under tension membrane between forming cradle, lateral margins of arms extending laterally as thin poorly sclerotized flap-like extensions, distal half of arms and lateral margins studded with protuberances; translucent tissue between arms and extending beyond lateral margins with shagreen-like texture. Spermathecal tube: coiled, flattened and expanded at base, texture relatively smooth without external filaments, uncoiled length <half length (subgenera Eocorynus, Neocorynus and Parallocorynus) or> or = length (subgenus Dysicorynus) of sternite VIII (Figs. 264 – 265). Remarks — As here delimited this genus includes the “ bicolor ” and “ edule ” species groups of Tang & O’Brien (2012). Herein we divide this genus into four subgenera based on morphology and molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.), incorporating species that exceed the range of morphological features known by Tang & O’Brien (2012): 1) Subgenus Parallocorynus consisting of P. bicolor, P. gregoryi, P. jonesi, P. norstogi, P. perezfarrerai and P. salasae, 2) Subgenus Dysicorynus consisting of P. andrewsi and P. sonorensis, 3) Subgenus Neocorynus consisting of P. iglesiasi and P. inexpectatus, and 4) Subgenus Eocorynus consisting of P. chemnicki and P. schiblii. These subgenera are distinguished by a combination of characters including: larval feeding site and pupation site, adult color, rostral length / pronotal length, pronotal width / length, shape of sternite VIII of females, spination in adult male profemora and shape of the penis. The first two subgenera were previously incorporated in the “ bicolor ” group of Tang & O’Brien (2012) and can be separated from the latter two subgenera by the lack of spination in the profemora of the males. The first two subgenera may be distinguished from one another by color, which is orange-brown and black in the subgenus Parallocorynus versus uniform brown in Dysicorynus, by the shape of the apex of the penis, which is twice as long in Dysicorynus, and by the length of the spermathecal tube, which is more than twice as long in Dysicorynus. As in all other genera of Allocorynina, the pupae of the first two subgenera complete their development within the male cones of their host cycad species. Furthermore, their larvae confine their development within sporophylls of male cones. In the two subgenera, Neocorynus and Eocorynus, the larvae are relatively mobile and feed within the male cone axis of their host cycad species and the pupae do not complete their development in, nor do the adults emerge from, male cones, indicating that these two subgenera have developed fundamental differences in their life cycle compared to all other Allocorynina. Members of Neocorynus and Eocorynus may also be distinguished from the first two subgenera by the presence of granules on the ventral surface of the profemora of the males. Members of Neocorynus and Eocorynus may be distinguished from each other by rostral length / pronotal length of adult females, which is 1.77 – 1.95 (n = 12) in Eocorynus and 1.55 – 1.75 (n = 15) in Neocorynus, and also by the presence of a large spine on the ventrodistal apex of the male profemora in Eocorynus that is absent in Neocorynus. Members of the subgenus Parallocorynus may co-occur with a species of either Neocorynus or Eocorynus within the dehiscing male cones of narrow-leaflet Dioon species. Neocorynus and Eocorynus, however, have not been found to co-occur within cones or within the same host Dioon species and appear to have radiated separately within different geographic regions. Tang et al. (1987) measured significant starch levels in tissues of male Dioon cones (2 % and 17 % dry weight in axis and sporophylls, respectively), which drop sharply as the cones undergo heat production and pollen shed. This starch and other nutrients within male cones probably provide a critical nutrition for developing beetles. The radiation of these three subgenera appears to be the result of niche partitioning of food resources in male Dioon cones, with each group specializing in a different part of the cone. Thousands of Parallocorynus weevils may be found on a single male Dioon cone and there must be intense competition for this abundant (but ephemeral) food resource, which has driven evolution and diversification in these weevils. Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.) supports the distinction of these four subgenera as natural groupings and also indicates that the genus Parallocorynus is one of the more derived lineages of extant Allocorynina and is sister to Rhopalotria. Biology — Large amounts of cycad pollen were found in the hindgut of adults of all species of Parallocorynus examined in this study, except for P. sonorensis, where only reared specimens with empty guts were available. This suggests that Dioon pollen is the main food item in adult Parallocorynus. In all other adult Allocorynina examined herein the hindgut contained mainly unidentified tissues and only occasional cycad pollen grains. In a detailed (1989) study Norstog & Fawcett concluded that Rhopalotria furfuracea does not feed on pollen, but microsporophyll tissue in its host Zamia. Taken together these observations indicate a different adult feeding strategy in Parallocorynus compared with other Allocorynina genera. Host and Geographic Distribution — This lineage is restricted to Mexico and all members of this genus inhabit male cones of narrow-leaflet Dioon species, including D. angustifolium, D. argenteum, D. califanoi, D. caputoi, D. edule, D. holmgrenii, D. merolae, D. purpusii, D. sonorense, D. stevensonii and D. tomasellii. Subgenus Parallocorynus Voss, 1943	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF831D29FF330CE6FE17FE1B.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Allocorynus (Parallocorynus) bicolor Voss, 1943	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF831D29FF330CE6FE17FE1B.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. The subgenus Parallocorynus can be distinguished from all other Allocorynina by the following combination of characters: ventral surface of male profemora without granules, spines or pegs; apex of the penis as long as wide; forehead and prothorax uniformly brown or orange-brown.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF831D29FF330CE6FE17FE1B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body small to large (BL = 2.5 – 6.2 mm, mean = 4.2 mm, n = 325); robust, elongate broad-oval; dorsal surface bicolored orange to black, with portion of elytra often partially black and other parts of body and legs with same two colors. Male. Rostrum: 0.96 – 1.40 X as long as pronotum (n = 158). Anntenae: scape length 1.19 – 2.61 X eye length (n = 30; mean for each species = 1.46 – 2.23); width of antennal club pits>, ~ or <diameter of socket for rhopalomere (Figs. 113 – 118). Prothorax: pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.12 – 1.37 (n = 158); distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 2.6 – 3.9 X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior edge of prosternum. Legs: profemora with absence of any spines, pegs, or granulations on ventral surface; not asymmetrically swollen. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.27 – 1.66 X longer than pronotum (n = 143), on average 14 – 35 % greater in females. Prothorax: PW / PL = 1.23 – 1.51 (n = 144), on average 3 – 9 % greater in females than in males, with slight overlap between sexes in all species. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.20 – 1.64 (1.76 in one specimen atypically straightened) mm (n = 31), reaching greatest length in Allocorynina. Penis: in dorsal view sides subparallel or converging slightly apicad for most of length, length to width ratio 2.9 – 3.6, slightly expanding laterally before apex at approximately 2 / 3 from base, or not (Figs. 149 – 160); apex narrowing evenly apicad to rounded point; length of apex from orifice to apex ~ width of apex at orifice (Figs. 185 – 190). Internal sac: distal section mostly covered by scales laterally and ventrally with dorsal pleats, sinuate endophallic strut present along ventral midline (Figs. 150, 152, 154, 156, 158, 160, 239). Tegmen: apical plate in dorsal view slightly narrowing distad to truncate or slightly rounded apex, apex fringed with 20 – 30 + setae; length of longest setae> half width of apical plate in dorsal view (Figs. 205 – 206, 225 – 230). Female. Sternite VIII: (Figs. 252 – 257) 0.96 – 1.47 mm long (n = 23), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at constant or slightly increasing angle between arms for 2 / 3 – 4 / 5 of length, then forming sharp angulate bend, then usually converging (apices not touching) but sometimes becoming subparallel. Spermathecal tube: with uncoiled length <half length of sternite VIII (Fig. 265). Remarks — As here delimited this nominate subgenus corresponds to the “ bicolor ” species group of Tang & O’Brien (2012), but excludes a portion of the western species, which have been separated out in the subgenus Dysicorynus. Host and Geographic Distribution — This subgenus appears restricted to eastern and southern Mexico and all members of this subgenus inhabit male cones of narrow-leaflet Dioon species, as larvae, pupae and adults. Host species include D. angustifolium, D. argenteum, D. califanoi, D. caputoi, D. edule, D. holmgrenii, D. merolae and D. purpusii. Adults have been reared in the laboratory from male cones of D. angustifolium, D. caputoi, D. holmgrenii and D. merolae.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF861D28FF330C5DFF33F833.taxon	description	REDESCRIPTION — Body small to large (range 3.0 – 6.2 mm, mean = 4.1 mm, n = 26), robust, elongate broad-oval; bicolored, black to brownish orange. Male. Rostrum: very long, 1.35 X longer than pronotum; piceus to black; strongly coarsely denticulate dorsally, from base nearly to apex; weakly expanded near apex; very weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view. Head: behind eyes and vertex with moderately dense, moderately fine, shallow punctures; forehead coarsely, rugosely punctate, with distinct, long, moderately broad, deep, median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.64 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes; eyes small, bulging with edge produced by narrowing of eye at junction with head. Antennae: with scape 1.91 X longer than eye and 1.28 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 5 elongate with symmetrical shape, 6 – 7 slightly shorter and moderately transverse; scape and desmomere 1 yellowish brown, 2 – 3 transitional, 4 – 7 piceus to black; club piceus to black. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.35 X wider than long; slightly wider than width of elytral base; apex moderately narrow, sides roundly expanded to midpoint, there expanded slightly to moderately rounded base; lateral margins not denticulate, and as disc with fine small sparse widely separated punctures; uniform brownish orange. Mesothorax: mesepisternum and mesepimeron black to orange-black. Scutellum: black to orange-black with lateral margins straight and subparallel, apically broadly rounded; with densely rugose small punctures and scarcely evident, short, fine, recumbent, pale colored setae. Elytra: 0.68 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri to expanded declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to slightly emarginate apices; with small, fine, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface, overall smooth, shining, not shagreened; uniformly black. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae moderately convex, lacking processes; profemora moderately symmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins with weak obtuse process, dorsally moderately punctured, appearing shagreened; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base angulately rounded with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle and broadened to near apex, only inner margin of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal tooth. Meso- and metafemora brownish orange. Abdomen: black. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.37 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.54 X longer than pronotum; moderately strongly, evenly curved. Antennae: desmomere 1 strongly asymmetrical. Prothorax: 1.31 X wider than long; approximately equal to width of elytral base; apex narrow, rounded from narrowed apex to slightly narrowed base. Mesothorax: mesepisternum brownish orange and mesepimeron black. Abdomen: brownish orange. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.52 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.48 – 1.76 [larger specimen (Figs. 149 – 150) atypically straight instead of curved] mm (n = 2). Penis: in dorsal view apex at gonopore noticeably widened, then tapering to rounded point, apex triangular, about as long as wide (Fig. 185). Tegmen: with distal margin with more than 30 setae (Fig. 225). Female. Sternite VIII: (Fig. 252) 1.32 – 1.40 mm long (n = 3), arms more than half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at slight angle (<20 ˚) between arms for ~ 2 / 5 of length, then widening to angle of 45 – 50 ˚ for ~ 2 / 5 of length, then forming sharp angulate bend, then converging. Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.29 – 1.40 (mean = 1.36, n = 14) and of females = 1.47 – 1.62 (mean = 1.52, n = 12); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.20 – 1.31 (mean = 1.26, n = 14) and of females = 1.23 – 1.38 (mean = 1.32, n = 12). Remarks — This species is part of a complex of closely related species that includes P. jonesi and P. salasae. These species may be distinguished by host plant species and molecular analysis of the 16 S-rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.). Furthermore, P. bicolor can be distinguished from these other two species by the greater RL / PL of its males. Biology — This species has been reared from male cones of Dioon caputoi, and both adults and associated larvae have been extracted from within the male sporophylls, with 1 – 2 larvae per sporophyll (W. Tang, unpub. obs.). The host is a high altitude species occurring in the Sierra Mixteca at ca. 2000 m elevation; vegetation is transitional between tropical deciduous forest and oak forest and is among the most xeric habitat known for the genus. Type Locality — Mexico, Puebla, Tehuacán. No populations of Dioon exist today in the Tehuacán valley floor or the city of Tehuacán, a central destination for residents and travelers in the region. Dioon populations, however, are present to the south in mountains at elevations of approximately 1800 m. The collector of the type series is C. A. Purpus, a German plant collector who spent the years 1907 – 8 in Mexico around San Luís Tultitlanapa (now San Luís Atolotitlán), a locality south of Tehuacán especially rich with cactus. During this period he collected herbarium specimens of one species of Dioon (currently recognized as D. caputoi), which were deposited in at least 13 herbaria (De Luca et al. 1980). A Purpus photograph of a Dioon from this period (see Schneckenburger 2001) is clearly identifiable as D. caputoi. His frequent letters to his benefactors, the Brandegees at Berkeley, California (C. Phillips, pers. comm.) as well as other records of his travels (Sousa, 1969) strongly suggest that this was the only Dioon he collected during this period. In a letter dated Nov 18, 1907 he mentions that he obtained a dried male cone of this Dioon, just two months prior to the collection date for the type series for Parallocorynus bicolor. It is probable that the type specimens later emerged from pupae inside this male cone. Examination of the type series reveals that they are missing many of their leg segments, possibly as a result of them being plucked as dead, dried specimens clinging onto a male Dioon cone. Primitive roads and transportation available at the time support our contention that it is unlikely he traveled to populations of other Dioon species, which may have contained similarlooking beetles, during this period, located in remote areas to the west or in mountain systems farther to the east and south. Notes on Type Specimen (s) — Collection locality cited by Voss (1943) as: Mexiko: Puebla Tehuacan (I. 1908, C. A. Purpus leg.). — Mus. Berlin, Coll. auct.; visits to the Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin (ZMHB) revealed one male and seven female specimens matching Voss’ label information and description of color as yellowish red, sometimes the venter of the body black; rostrum, elytra, scutellum, tibiae and tarsi black; desmomeres of funicle and club brownish and with red femora, which also matches the Parallocorynus found at the habitat of Dioon caputoi. The Parallocorynus found in D. argenteum, D. califanoi and D. purpusii populations further east and south (described here as P. gregoryi) have meso- and metafemora that are black, which do not match Voss’ key nor his type description; it seems unlikely that Voss would have overlooked such detail in his fairly thorough description of the color pattern of P. bicolor, especially with a species epithet that emphasizes the color scheme of the species. Voss did not designate a holotype from among the Berlin specimens, therefore we designate a lectotype from among the series. Range — Known to occur in Mexico, in the states of Puebla and Oaxaca. Material Examined — Lectotype (by present designation) male, with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] Mexico Puebla / Tehuacan 1.08 / C. A. Purpus S. G.; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] LECTOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Parallocorynus) / bicolor / O’Brien & Tang 2015 and paralectotypes (7), ZMHB. MEXICO: Oaxaca: San Jorge Nuchita, ex ♂ cone Dioon sp. aff. caputoi, early Feb, 2000, coll. Tim Gregory (6); Puebla: Santiago, Caltepec, IX- 1993, F. Nicolalde, Dioon caputoi (2); 13 - X- 1993, A. Vovides, C. Iglesias & P. Aguilar, Dioon caputoi cone debris (6); Dioon caputoi male cone, Emerged 9 - XI- 1993 (13); 10 - XII- 1993 (10); Coatepec, [GPS coord. omitted], 1842 m, ex ♂ cone Dioon caputoi, 6 - XI- 2012, W. Tang (15); rear Dioon caputoi cone ♂, 8 – 17 - XI- 2012, W. Tang (66); 3.7 km S of San Luis Atolotitlán, ex ♂ cone Dioon caputoi, 22 - I- 2005, J. Donalson (3); [Puebla?]: Sierra Mixteca, VIII [- 1908?], Purpus S. V. (2). Nontype specimens (131) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CWOB, EMEC, FSCA, FMNH, IEXA, UNAM, USNH, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF841D2AFF330E8DFBA6FD4F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small to large (range 3.0 – 5.4 mm, mean = 4.2 mm, n = 55), robust, elongate broad-oval; bicolored, black or dark brown to brownish orange. Male (holotype). Rostrum: very long, 1.23 X longer than pronotum; piceus to black; strongly coarsely denticulate dorsally, from base nearly to apex; weakly expanded near apex; very weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view. Head: behind eyes and vertex with moderately dense, moderately fine, shallow punctures; forehead coarsely, rugosely punctate, with distinct, long, moderately broad, deep, median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.67 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes; eyes small, bulging with edge produced by narrowing of eye at junction with head. Antennae: scape 1.47 X longer than eye and 1.38 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 5 elongate with symmetrical shape, 6 – 7 slightly shorter and moderately transverse; scape and desmomeres 1 – 2 pale yellowish, 3 – 7 piceus to black; club piceus to black. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.29 X wider than long; wider than width of elytral base; apex moderately narrow, sides strongly roundly expanded to basal 1 / 4, there strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, and as on disc with fine, small, sparse, widely separated punctures; uniform brownish orange. Mesothorax: with mesepisternum and mesepimeron black. Scutellum: brownish orange with sides straight and subparallel, apically broadly rounded; with densely rugose, small punctures and scarcely evident, short, fine, recumbent, pale colored setae. Elytra: 0.68 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri to expanded declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to slightly emarginate apices; with small, fine, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface; overall smooth, shining, not shagreened; uniformly dark brown. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae moderately convex, lacking processes; profemora moderately symmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins with weak obtuse process, dorsally moderately punctured, appearing shagreened; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base angulately rounded with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle and broadened to near apex, only inner margin of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.00 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.54 X longer than pronotum; moderately strongly, evenly curved. Antennae: desmomere 1 strongly asymmetrical. Prothorax: 1.39 X wider than long; slightly wider than width of elytral base; apex narrow, strongly rounded from narrowed apex to slightly narrowed base. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.00 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.2 (strongly curved specimen) – 1.57 mm (n = 6). Penis: in dorsal view apex at gonopore noticeably widening, then tapering immediately, apex triangular, about as long as wide (Figs. 151 – 152, 186). Tegmen: distal margin with more than 20 setae (Fig. 226). Female. Sternite VIII: (Fig. 253) 1.14 – 1.33 mm long (n = 7), arms more than half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at angle between arms of 15 – 30 ˚ for 1 / 3 of length, then angle increasing gradually for another 1 / 3 of length up to 50 ˚, then arms forming sharp angulate bend, then converging. Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.09 – 1.29 (mean = 1.20, n = 28) and of females = 1.36 – 1.59 (mean = 1.47, n = 26); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.20 – 1.36 (mean = 1.28, n = 28) and of females = 1.28 – 1.51 (mean = 1.43, n = 27). Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of the weevil specialist Robert Wallace Jones, who collected part of the type series of this species and others used in this study. Remarks — This species is part of a complex of closely related species that includes P. bicolor and P. salasae. These species may be distinguished by host plant species. Furthermore, P. jonesi may be distinguished morphologically from P. bicolor by the greater RL / PL of the males of P. bicolor (range = 1.29 – 1.40, mean = 1.36) and from P. salasae by the lower PW / PL of the females of P. salasae (range = 1.25 – 1.40, mean = 1.33). Biology — This species has been found to inhabit male cones of Dioon merolae. Range — Known to occur in Mexico, in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] MEXICO: Chiapas / Mpio. Jiquipilas / 2.5 km SE Andres / de Quintana Roo / 20 - X- 94, R. Jones; 2) ex: Dioon merolae / Deluca, / (dentro microsporfilos); 3) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Parallocorynus) / jonesi / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (6). MEXICO: Chiapas: SE. slope Cerro Baul, N. of Rizo de Oro, [prob. ex Dioon merolae], 14. XI. 1983, D. E. Breedlove, CAS (14); Mpio Arriago [Municipio Arriaga], Reserva de la Sepultura e. 875 m, ex. Dioon merolae ♂ cone, veg: selva baja caudicifolia, 17 Mar 1995, coll. M. A. Perez Farrera # 165 (11); Arriaga, [GPS coord. omitted], 1052 m, cone ♂ Dioon merolae, 12 - XI- 2013, W. Tang (1); emerge XI- 2014 (30); [Municipio Jiquipilas], El Campanario, 25 km N Ejido Andres Quintana Roo, ex ♂ cone of Dioon merolae, XI. 1992, M. A. Perez Farrera (19); [Municipio] Jiquipilas, Andres Quintana Roo, 1 - XI- 1992, M. A. Perez Farrera, Dioon merolae (8); [Municipio Jiquipilas], San Andres Quintana Roo, 550 m, deciduous tropical thorn forest on weathered granitic soil, ex ♂ cone of Dioon merolae, 01. xi. 1992, A. P. Vovides (17); El Campanario, 2 k from Andres Quintana Roo, ex ♂ cone of Dioon merolae, XI- 2011, M. A. Perez Farrera (42); Municipio Jiquipilas, Central Valley, 1 - XI- 1999, M. A. Perez Farrera, Dioon merolae (4); Oaxaca: San Juan Acaltepec, ex ♂ cone Dioon merolae, 23 - VI- 2010, F. Maldonado-Ruiz (3); Buenos Aires, [GPS coord. omitted], 1120 m, Dioon merolae ♂ cone, 11 - XI- 2012, W. Tang (46); Loma Colorado, 10 k SE San JerónimoTaviche, ex ♂ cone Dioon sp., 6 - VI- 2005, J. Donalson (3); Ocotlán, San Jeronimo Taviche, reared ♂ cone Dioon sp. aff. merolae, 30 - VIII- 2005, F. Maldonado (509); VII – VIII- 2005, F. Maldonado (415). Paratypes (1129) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF851D25FF330CE6FC6AFBE7.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small to large (range 2.7 – 5.8 mm, mean = 4.2 mm, n = 54), robust, elongate broad-oval; bicolored, black to brownish orange. Male (holotype). Rostrum: very long, 1.23 X longer than pronotum; piceus to black; strongly coarsely denticulate dorsally, from base nearly to apex; weakly expanded near apex; very weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view. Head: behind eyes and vertex with moderately dense, moderately fine, shallow punctures; forehead coarsely, rugosely punctate, with distinct, long, moderately broad, deep, median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowing apically, 0.64 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes; eyes small, bulging with edge produced by narrowing of eye at junction with head. Antennae: scape 1.94 X longer than eye and 1.34 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 5 elongate with symmetrical shape, 6 – 7 slightly shorter and moderately transverse; scape and desmomere 1 light brown, 2 – 3 transitional, 4 – 7 piceus to black; club piceus to black. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.31 X wider than long; wider than width of elytral base; apex moderately narrow, sides strongly roundly expanded to basal 1 / 4, there strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, and as disc with fine, small, sparse, widely separated punctures; uniform brownish orange. Mesothorax: with mesepisternum and mesepimeron black. Scutellum: brownish orange with lateral margins straight and subparallel, apically tapered, but broadly rounded at tip; with densely rugose small punctures and scarcely evident, short, fine, recumbent, pale colored setae. Elytra: 0.61 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri to expanded declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to slightly emarginate apices; with small, fine, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface, overall smooth, shining, not shagreened; uniformly black. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae moderately convex, lacking processes; profemora moderately symmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins with weak obtuse process, dorsally moderately punctured, appearing shagreened; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base angulately rounded with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle and broadened to near apex, only inner margin of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal tooth. Meso- and metafemora brownish orange. Abdomen: black. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.3 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.44 X longer than pronotum; moderately strongly, evenly curved. Antennae: desmomere 1 strongly asymmetrical. Prothorax: 1.32 X wider than long; slightly narrower than width of elytral base; apex narrow, rounded from narrowed apex to slightly narrowed base. Mesothorax: with mesepisternum and mesepimeron brownish orange. Abdomen: brownish orange. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.94 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.38 – 1.58 mm (n = 3). Penis: in dorsal view apex at gonopore noticeably widening, then tapering to rounded point, apex triangular, about as long as wide (Figs. 153 – 154, 187). Tegmen: with distal margin with more than 20 setae (Fig. 227). Female. Sternite VIII: (Fig. 254) 1.23 – 1.37 mm long (n = 4), arms more than half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at angle between arms of ~ 25 ˚ for 1 / 3 of length, then angle increasing gradually up to ~ 45 ˚ for another 1 / 3 of length, then arms forming sharp angulate bend, then converging. Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.09 – 1.28 (mean = 1.18, n = 30) and of females = 1.33 – 1.64 (mean = 1.47, n = 24); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.18 – 1.37 (mean = 1.28, n = 30) and of females = 1.25 – 1.40 (mean = 1.33, n = 24). Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of Silvia Hortensia Salas-Morales, co-founder of SERBO (Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca), for her contributions to the taxonomy, ecology and conservation of cycads and other flora of Oaxaca, Mexico, and for her contribution of specimens to this study. Remarks — This species is part of a complex of closely related species that includes P. jonesi and P. bicolor. These species may be distinguished by host species. Furthermore, P. salasae may be distinguished from P. bicolor by the greater RL / PL of the males of P. bicolor (range = 1.29 – 1.40, mean = 1.36) and from P. jonesi by the greater PW / PL of females of P. jonesi (range = 1.28 – 1.51, mean = 1.43). Biology — This species inhabits male cones of Dioon holmgrenii and can be found together with Parallocorynus (Eocorynus) schiblii. Range — Known to occur in Mexico, in the state of Oaxaca. In Oaxaca the host inhabits the Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre del Sur. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] MEXICO: Oaxaca, San Bartolomé Loxicha, ex ♂ cone Dioon holmgrenii, 5 - XII- 2008, F. Maldonado-Ruiz; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Parallocorynus) / salasae / Tang & O’Brien 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (35). MEXICO: Oaxaca: Jamiltepec, Tetepec, detour to Soledad el Carrizo y Parral, ♂ cone Dioon holmgrenii 6 - II- 2011, emerged 5 - VIII- 2011, F. Maldonado-Ruiz (93); Rancho Limón, [GPS coord. omitted], 620 m, ex Dioon holmgrenii ♂ cone, 12 - XI- 2012, W. Tang (3873). Paratypes (4001) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, INbio, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF8A1D27FF330A7EFBC8FF1F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small to large (range 2.9 – 5.7 mm, mean = 4.2 mm, n = 93), very robust, elongate broad-oval; bicolored, dark orange and brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: very long, 1.24 X longer than pronotum; piceus to black; except red-brown near apex; strongly coarsely denticulate dorsally, from base nearly to apex; weakly expanded near apex; very weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view. Head: behind eyes and vertex with moderately dense, moderately fine, shallow punctures; forehead with distinct, short, narrow, deep, median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.67 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes; eyes small, bulging with edge produced by narrowing of eye at junction with head. Antennae: scape 1.52 X longer than eye and 1.22 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 4 elongate with symmetrical shape, 5 – 6 slightly shorter and strongly transverse, 7 small and short, almost as long as wide; scape and desmomere 1 pale yellowish, 2 – 7 dark brown to black (darkening apicad); club with rhopalomeres 1 – 2 piceus to black, apical rhopalomere paler brown. Prothorax: transverse, 1.21 X wider than long; slightly wider than width of elytral base; apex moderately narrow, evenly weakly roundly expanded to basal 1 / 4, there moderately strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, with moderately large, shallow moderately coarse punctures; disc with fine, small, sparse, widely separated punctures; uniform dark orange. Scutellum: lateral margins straight and subparallel, trapezoidal; apically broadly rounded; with densely rugose small punctures and scarcely evident, short, fine, recumbent, pale colored setae. Elytra: 0.60 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri to expanded declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to slightly emarginate apices; with small, fine, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface, overall rugosely shagreened; uniformly black. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae moderately convex, lacking processes; profemora moderately symmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins with weak obtuse process, dorsally moderately punctured, appearing shagreened; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base angulately rounded with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle and broadened to near apex, only inner margin of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.50 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.56 X longer than pronotum; moderately strongly, evenly curved. Antennae: desmomere 1 strongly asymmetrical Prothorax: 1.34 X wider than long; not wider than width of elytral base; apex narrow, strongly rounded from narrowed apex to slightly narrowed base. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.80 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.49 – 1.65 mm (n = 10). Penis: in dorsal view apex at gonopore noticeably widening, then tapering immediately, apex triangular, about as long as wide (see Figs. 155 – 156, 188). Internal sac: when fully extruded with dorsal pleats, covered with scales on lateral and ventral surfaces. Tegmen: with distal margin with more than 20 setae (Fig. 228). Female. Sternite VIII: (Fig. 255) 1.24 – 1.29 mm long (n = 3), arms approximately half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at angle between arms of ~ 15 ˚ for ~ 1 / 4 of length, then angle increasing to ~ 60 ˚ for the next half of length, then arms forming sharp angulate bend, then converging. Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length was found to be fairly uniform among populations within this species and to be useful in distinguishing this species from other related species; the RL / PL of males = 1.18 – 1.40 (mean = 1.30, n = 44) and of females = 1.41 – 1.65 (mean = 1.55, n = 49); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.18 – 1.32 (mean = 1.24, n = 44) and of females = 1.28 – 1.42 (mean = 1.36, n = 49). Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of Tim Gregory, who collected part of the type series, and for his contributions to the taxonomy, ecology and conservation of Mexican cycads. Remarks — Parallocorynus gregoryi is a member of a species complex in which there are few morphological characters to distinguish different populations living on different, but closely related host species of Dioon. The most consistent morphological character distinguishing P. gregoryi from other Parallocorynus is the presence of black colored meso- and metafemora (contrasting with paler brown, orange or yellowish colored femora in all other members of this genus. Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene of six populations with black meso- and metafemora, from Dioon argenteum, D. califanoi and D. purpusii support the use of this character to identify members of this species (Tang et al. in prep.). Biology — This species is found on a species complex of Dioon, which includes D. califanoi, D. purpusii and D. argenteum. These host species inhabit the ecotone between thorn forest and oak / pine forest at elevations between 1400 – 2000 m and are believed to have spread and speciated since the end of the Wisconsin glaciations ca. 12,000 years ago, when this habitat shifted from near sea level up to current elevations in the mountains of eastern Oaxaca in Mexico (Gregory & Chemnick 2004). Although small morphological and genetic variation may exist in these weevils on different host populations, we treat them as one variable species until more detailed genetic or morphological evidence indicates otherwise. Usually 1 – 5 larvae develop within a single sporophyll of a male cone (Tang, unpublished obs.) and when cones were brought into the lab, adults continued to emerge. On D. califanoi male cones this species can be found together with adults of Parallocorynus (Eocorynus) chemnicki. Range — Known from Mexico, in the eastern portion of the state of Oaxaca and the southern portion of the state of Puebla. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] Oaxaca, Mexico 1450 m elev. / 2 km so. Ejido Carrizal / [GPS coord. omitted] / ex: Dioon argenteum M cone / thorn & oak / pine forest trans. / steep limestone slope of an / alluvial fan / coll. Tim Gregory XI- 5 - 2001; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Parallocorynus) / gregoryi / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (14). MEXICO: Oaxaca: Ixtlan de Juarez, 30 - IX- 80, Ceratozamia sp. [prob. Dioon argenteum], Col. E. Guizar (11); Carizal, 1494 m, [GPS coord. omitted], cone ♂ Dioon argenteum, 14 - XI- 2012, W. Tang & S. Salas (3); Papalo, ex: Dioon pupusii dried ♂ cone, coll. T. Gregory, early Feb 2000 (7); 1450 m elev., 2 km so. Concepción Pápalo, Mina de Asbesto, ex ♂ cone Dioon purpusii, 24 - I- 2005, J. Donaldson (2); Cuicatlan, Concepción Papalo, detour to San Lorenzo Papalo, ex ♂ cone Dioon purpusii, 18 - III- 2011, F. Maldonado Ruiz (26); Cuicatlan, San Juan Coyula, ex ♂ cone Dioon purpusii, 9 - VIII- 2011, Fátima Maldonado Ruiz (28); Santa Catarina, [GPS coord. omitted], 1400 m, Dioon purpusii ♂ cone, 5 - XI- 2012, W. Tang (42); Teotitlan del Camino, 1800 m deciduous thorn-forest on metamorphic soil, ex ♂ cone of Dioon califanoi, 24 v iii 1992, A. P. Vovides (10); Puebla: 12 km N road to Huautla, ex ♂ cone Dioon califanoi, 23 - I- 2005, J. Donaldson & S. Salas (2); Oax. border, Teotitlán, [GPS coord. omitted], 1890 m, ex Dioon califanoi ♂ cone, 7 - XI- 2012, W. Tang (192). Paratypes (337) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IEXA, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF881D26FF330F56FE92FB2C.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small to large (range 2.4 – 5.0 mm, mean = 4.1 mm, n = 50), slender to robust, elongate-oval; bicolored, orange and brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: long, as long as pronotum, blackish brown; strongly denticulate on each margin and unevenly medially from base nearly to apex; weakly expanded near apex, very weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view. Head: just behind eyes and forehead between eyes with moderately dense, moderately fine, shallow punctures; forehead with distinct, moderately long, narrow, median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.69 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes. Antennae: scape 1.33 X longer than eye and 1.20 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 4 elongate, 5 – 7 shorter and transverse; scape and desmomeres 1 – 4 reddish brown, 5 – 7 piceus to black; club with rhopalomeres 1 – 2 piceus to black, apical rhopalomere pale yellowish in apical half. Prothorax: transverse, 1.21 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, evenly roundly expanding to basal 1 / 4, there strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, with large, shallow, moderately fine punctures; disc with fine, small, sparse, widely separated punctures; uniform dark orange. Scutellum: lateral margins straight and oblique, forming triangle; apically narrowed and rounded, with moderately dense, small punctures and short, fine, recumbent, pale colored setae. Elytra: 0.60 X as wide as long; evenly expanded behind rounded humeri to declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to slightly emarginate apices; with small, fine, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface, overall rather smooth; uniformly dark brown. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae weakly convex, lacking processes; profemora moderately, symmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins lacking tooth or process, surface very finely wrinkled, appearing smooth; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base angulately rounded with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle to near apex, margins of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.70 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.33 X longer than pronotum. Prothorax: 1.34 X wider than long; apex narrow, apical 1 / 3 strongly rounded, there subparallel to slightly narrowed broad base. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.50 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.59 – 1.64 mm (n = 2) (Figs. 157 – 158). Penis: in dorsal view apex at gonopore noticeably widening, then tapering immediately, sides curved, convex, about as long as wide; gonopore, with sac in retracted position, capped with sclerotized knob (Fig. 189). Internal sac: when fully extruded with dorsal pleats, covered with scales on lateral and ventral surfaces (Fig. 239). Tegmen: distal margin with more than 20 setae (Fig. 229). Female. Sternite VIII: (Fig. 256) 1.29 – 1.47 mm long (n = 3), arms half – 2 / 3 as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at slight angle (<15 ˚) between arms for ~ 1 / 3 – 2 / 5 of length, then making sharp angulate bend outward and becoming wider, angle between arms ~ 75 ˚ for ~ 2 / 5 of length, then arms forming sharp angulate bend inward becoming subparallel to slightly convergent. Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 0.96 – 1.10 (mean = 1.01, n = 16) and of females = 1.27 – 1.48 (mean = 1.37, n = 12); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.23 – 1.32 (mean = 1.27, n = 16) and of females = 1.28 – 1.46 (mean = 1.34, n = 12). Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of the late Knut Norstog for his contributions to cycad reproductive and pollination biology. Remarks — This species is closely related to P. perezfarrerai and the two can be most readily distinguished from other species of Parallocorynus by the shape of sternite VIII of the female (Figs. 256 – 257), which has arms remaining parallel or subparallel in the apical 1 / 3 of their length and by the presence of a sclerotized knob at the gonopore in the male genitalia when the internal sac is in a retracted position (Fig. 189). Parallocorynus norstogi can be distinguished from P. perezfarrerai by its greater degree of black coloration of the elytra and by the generally shorter elytral length relative to the pronotal length in females. Parallocorynus norstogi is found together with Parallocorynus (Neocorynus) inexpectatus in the male cones of Dioon angustifolium and related forms of Dioon north of the Mexican transvolcanic belt. Female individuals of the two species are similar, but can be distinguished by RL / PL, which is larger (1.56 – 1.64) in P. inexpectatus and by the color of the forehead, which is concolorous with the pronotum in P. norstogi, and usually darker, and the hue is between the black rostrum and the light brown pronotum in P. inexpectatus. Biology — This species is known to develop within cones of Dioon angustifolium and closely related forms of Dioon. Usually multiple larvae develop within a single sporophyll of a male cone. When a cone of Dioon angustifolium was brought into the lab, adults continued to emerge over 8 years; emerging in the hundreds in the first year and in diminishing numbers for the next 7 years (1971 – 1979) that the cone was retained (Vovides 1991, Tang 1997, O’Brien, unpublished obs.). This extended period of emergence may be an adaptation to infrequent coning periods in the natural populations of its host plant, possibly due to occurance of severe droughts. Range — Mexico, known from eastern Nuevo León, western Tamaulipas and eastern San Luis Potosi. Dioon populations with affinities to D. angustifolium also occur in the neighboring states of Hidalgo and Querétaro (González-Astorga et al. 2005, Whitelock 2002). Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] MEX., N. L., 16 mi. / W. Linares 3600 ’, / VIII- 15 - 1971 C & L / O’Brien & Marshall; 2) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] ex: male strobile / Dioon edule [angustifolium]; 3) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Parallocorynus) / norstogi / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (614) and 2400 ’ [sic], reared ex same male cone, emerged, Aug. 1973 (49), Aug. 1974 (24), 1976 (2), 1977 (4), 1978 (1), 1979 (2); MEXICO: N. L. [Nuevo León]: Ejido Los Alamos, Canon la Jarbon, 7 – 9. IX. 1982, 24 ˚ 41 ’ N., 99 ˚ 42 ’ W, ex male strobile Dioon edule [angustifolium], T. Scheridan [Sheridan] P. (59); Ejido los Alamos, Canon la Jarbon, 24 ˚ 41 ’ N., 99 ˚ 42 ’ W., 1982, emerged ex male strobile Dioon edule [angustifolium], 17 Aug — 15 - IX. 1983, T. Scheridan [Sheridan] P. Coll. (141); 16 mi. W. Linares, Hwy. 58, IX- 11 - 1982, C. W. & L. O’Brien & G. Wibmer, ex: male strobile Dioon edule [angustifolium] (795), reared ex same male cone, emerged, VIII- 13 – IX- 7 - 1983 (266), summer- 1983 (169), summer- 1984 (21); S. L. P. [San Luis Potosi]: Hwy 70, 23 k E. Cd. Valles, tunnel, [GPS coord. omitted], 335 m, Dioon sp. “ minima ” cone ♂, 13 - XI- 2014, W. Tang (279); Tamps. [Tamaulipas]: Rancho Paso de las Nogales, Mpo. Villa Mainero, 500 m, 99 ˚ 39 ’, 24 ˚ 32 ’, T. Sheridan P. ex: male strobile Dioon edule [angustifolium], 1982 (23). Paratypes (2449) deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF891D20FF330B02FC24F9A1.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small to large (range 2.9 – 5.2 mm, mean = 4.2 mm, n = 47), robust, elongate broad-oval; bicolored, dark brown to brownish orange. Male (holotype). Rostrum: very long, 1.09 X longer than pronotum; piceous to black; strongly coarsely denticulate dorsally, from base nearly to apex; weakly expanded near apex; weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view. Head: behind eyes and vertex with moderately dense, moderately fine, shallow punctures; forehead coarsely, rugosely punctate, with distinct, long, moderately broad, deep, median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.59 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes; eyes small, bulging with edge produced by narrowing of eye at junction with head. Antennae: scape 1.56 X longer than eye and 1.27 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, desmomeres 1, 5 & 6 short and subequally long, 2 – 4 more elongate (1.17 – 1.19 X longer than 1, 5 & 6), 7 shorter (0.86 X as long as 1, 5 & 6); 6 – 7 moderately transverse; scape and desmomeres 1 – 2 brownish orange, 3 – 7 piceus to black; club black to brownish orange at tip of distal rhopalomere. Thorax: venter uniformly brownish orange. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.32 X wider than long; wider than width of elytral base; apex moderately narrow, sides strongly roundly expanding to basal 1 / 4, there strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, and as on disc with fine, small, sparse, widely separated punctures; uniform brownish orange. Scutellum: brownish orange with lateral margins straight and subparallel, apically broadly rounded; with densely rugose small punctures and scarcely evident, short, fine, recumbent, pale colored setae. Elytra: 0.59 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri to expanded declivity, there gradually evenly broadly rounded to slightly emarginate apices; with small, fine, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface, overall smooth, shining, not shagreened; basal half brownish orange, piceous in apical half. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae moderately convex, lacking processes; profemora moderately symmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins with weak obtuse process, dorsally moderately punctured, appearing shagreened; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base angulately rounded with slightly obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly excavate medially from obtuse bend to half of length, bounded on anterior edge by margin becoming strong ridge in distal half of tibia and posteriorly by weak margin disappearing in distal half of tibia there becoming rounded with inner surface twisting in posterior direction and merging with posterior surface of tibia, neither margin of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro, and subequal tooth. Abdomen: brownish orange. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.68 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.45 X longer than pronotum; moderately strongly, evenly curved. Prothorax: 1.38 X wider than long; slightly wider than width of elytral base; apex narrow, strongly rounded from narrowed apex to slightly narrowed base. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.62 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.28 – 1.47 mm (n = 4) (Figs. 159 – 160). Penis: in dorsal view apex triangular, lateral margins tapering to blunt point, about as long as wide, noticeably widening at gonopore; gonopore, with sac in retracted position, capped with sclerotized knob (Fig. 190). Tegmen: with distal margin with more than 20 setae (Figs. 205 – 206, 230). Female. Sternite VIII: 1.22 – 1.25 mm long (n = 3), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme with angle between arms gradually increasing until reaching 40 ˚ for 2 / 3 of length, then arms making sharp angulate bend inward and becoming subparallel to slightly convergent for remaining 1 / 3 of length (Fig. 257). Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.04 – 1.20 (mean = 1.11, n = 26) and of females = 1.36 – 1.52 (mean = 1.44, n = 20); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.21 – 1.36 (mean = 1.34, n = 26) and of females = 1.30 – 1.47 (mean = 1.37, n = 20). Etymological Note — The species is named in honor of Miguel Ángel Pérez Farrera for his contributions to cycad taxonomy, ecology and conservation in Mexico. Remarks — This species is currently known only from central Veracruz on Dioon edule and differs in elytral color pattern and proportion of pronotal length relative to elytral length in females compared to the related P. norstogi found in D. angustifolium and related forms of Dioon north of the Mexican transvolcanic belt, some 300 – 500 km to the northwest. Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.) indicates that P. perezfarrerai is genetically distinct from all other species of the subgenus Parallocorynus so far sampled from the Veracruz, Puebla, Oaxaca and Chiapas regions, indicating a long period of reproductive isolation from other known species of the subgenus inhabiting southern Mexico. This species is found together with Parallocorynus (Neocorynus) iglesiasi in the male cones of Dioon edule. Female individuals of the two species are similar, but can be distinguished by the rostral length relative to the pronotal length, which is greater in P. iglesiasi, ranging 1.55 – 1.70. Biology — This species inhabits the male cones of Dioon edule. Range — Known from Mexico, in the state of Veracruz, where its host occurs as two disjunct forms, the Chavarillo form ranging from Monte Oscuro to Actopan and the Palma Sola form ranging from Farallón to Colorado (T. Gregory pers. comm.). Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene of specimens from the two host forms indicates that they have identical squences (Tang et al. in press). Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] MEXICO, Veracruz, / Monte Oscuro, ex / Dioon edule ♂ cone, / 2 - XI- 2012, A. Vovides; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Parallocorynus) / perezfarrerai / Tang & O’Brien 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (25); MEXICO: Veracruz: Municipio Actopan, Rancho del Nino, 8 - X- 2002, A. Vovides, C. Iglesias & P. Aguilar, Dioon edule (15); [Municipio Emiliano Zapata, Monte Oscuro] ex ♂ cone of Dioon edule, 20. viii. 1993, A. P. Vovides (4); Monte Oscuro, Municipio Emiliano Zapata, X- 2002, A. Vovides, C. Iglesias, P. Aguilar, male cone Dioon edule (18); Xalapa, 500 m., V- 1989, L. Whitelock, male, cone of Dioon edule, FSCA (2); Farallón, [GPS coord. omitted], 30 m, ex ♂ cone Dioon edule, 16 - XI- 2012, W. Tang (343); Colorado, [GPS coord. omitted], 444 m, Dioon edule cone ♂, 17 - XI- 2014, W. Tang (13), emerge 17 – 21 - XI- 2014 (44); emerge 22 – 28 - XI- 2014 (143). Paratypes (607) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB. Subgenus Dysicorynus Tang and O’Brien, new subgenus	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF891D20FF330B02FC24F9A1.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Parallocorynus (Dysicorynus) andrewsi Tang and O’Brien, new species	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF891D20FF330B02FC24F9A1.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. The subgenus Dysicorynus can be distinguished from other Allocorynina by the following diagnostic characters: male profemoral ventral surface without granules, spines or pegs; the apex of the penis is twice as long as wide (Figs. 191 – 192); in other genera and subgenera the apex is approximately as long as wide. It can also be distinguished from other subgenera of the genus Parallocorynus by the length of the spermathecal tube in females, which is as long as or longer than sternite VIII (Figs. 264 – 265) and 2 X or more as long as in the other subgenera. Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.) indicates that this subgenus is most closely related to the subgenera Neocorynus and Eocorynus.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF891D20FF330B02FC24F9A1.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body small to large (BL = 2.6 – 4.5 mm, mean = 3.6 mm, n = 35); robust, elongate broad-oval; uniformly yellowish-orange to brown. Male. Rostrum: 1.02 – 1.20 X longer than pronotum (n = 31). Antennae: scape length = 1.15 – 1.59 X eye length (n = 10; mean for each species = 1.29 – 1.42) and 1.16 – 1.43 X length of desmomeres 1 + 2 (n = 10; mean for each species = 1.21 – 1.35); width of antennal club pits ~ diameter of socket for club rhopalomere (Figs. 119 – 120). Prothorax: pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.27 – 1.47 [mean = 1.37 (highest for genus), n = 31]; distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 3.0 – 3.1 X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior margin of prosternum. Legs: profemora not sexually dimorphic with absence of any spines, pegs or granulations on ventral surface; not asymmetrically swollen. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.27 – 1.44 X longer than pronotum (n = 18), on average 20 – 25 % greater in than in males. Prothorax: PW / PL = 1.34 – 1.48 [mean = 1.43 (highest for genus), n = 18], on average 3 – 10 % greater than in males; distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 2.5 – 2.6 X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior margin of prosternum. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.25 – 1.44 mm (n = 5). Penis: in dorsal view sides subparallel for most of length; length of apex from orifice to apex ~ 2 X width of apex at orifice, lateral margins subparallel for ~ 2 / 3 of basal length then with gradually increasing taper and becoming convex until rounded point (Figs. 161 – 164, 191 – 192). Internal sac: distal section mostly covered by spicules. Tegmen: apex of apical plate in dorsal view fringed with <20 setae; length of longest setae <half width of apical plate, typically only setae in apical corners visible, those along center of apex pointing ventrally (Figs. 207 – 208, 231 – 232). Female. Sternite VIII: (Figs. 258 – 259) 0.96 – 1.00 mm long (n = 5), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at constant or slightly increasing angle between arms for 2 / 3 – 4 / 5 of length, then forming sharp angulate bend of ~ 90 ˚, then converging, apices not touching. Spermathecal tube: with uncoiled length = or> length of sternite VIII (Fig. 264). Etymological note — The name of the subgenus is masculine and latinized from the Greek words dysis (down, setting of the sun) and koryne (club) and indicates its geographic distribution in western Mexico and its close relationship to other subgenera of Parallocorynus. Remarks — Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.) indicates this subgenus is most closely related to the subgenera Neocorynus and Eocorynus. Host and Geographic Distribution — This subgenus appears to be restricted to western Mexico and all of its members inhabit male cones of D. sonorense, D. stevensonii or D. tomasellii.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF8F1D23FF330887FE74F851.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small to large (range 2.6 – 4.5 mm, mean = 3.9 mm, n = 16), slender to slightly robust, elongate-oval; unicolored, yellowish orange to brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: long, 1.12 X longer than pronotum; brown; not denticulate; dorsally and laterally, strongly, rugosely punctate; weakly expanded near apex; weakly rather evenly curved in lateral view. Head: behind eyes with sparse, very fine, shallow punctures; forehead between eyes with moderately dense, moderately coarse, shallow punctures; forehead with distinct, moderately long, narrow, median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.64 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes. Antennae: with scape 1.59 X longer than eye and 1.41 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 2 elongate, 3 – 4 intermediate, 5 – 7 shorter and transverse; scape, desmomeres and club all pale brown. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.41 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, rounded to approximately 40 ˚ angle for 1 / 3 of length to subparallel sides, at posterior 1 / 3 rounded to narrowed base; lateral margins moderately distinct, not denticulate, with small, shallow, moderately fine punctures; disc with fine, small, sparse, widely separated punctures; lacking pair of foveae on disc, ca. 1 / 4 from basal margin and 1 / 8 from lateral margin; uniform brown. Scutellum: with sides straight; apically broadly rounded; with scarcely visible, small, fine punctures; subglabrous. Elytra: 0.61 X as wide as long; evenly expanded behind rounded humeri to declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to slightly emarginate apices; with small, fine, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface, overall rather smooth, shining; uniformly brown. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae weakly convex, lacking processes; profemora moderately, symmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins lacking tooth or process, surface very finely wrinkled, appearing smooth; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base angulately rounded with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle to near apex, margins of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.47 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.39 X longer than pronotum; smooth, nearly impunctate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.48 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.13 – 1.53 mm (n = 5) (Figs. 161 – 162). Penis: in dorsal view apex at gonopore bulging slightly, or not, then becoming subparallel apicad for distance about equal to width, then tapering to form triangle with blunt point, length measured from gonopore to apex about twice as long as wide (see Fig. 191). Tegmen: with distal margin with fewer than 20 setae (Figs. 207 – 208, 231). Female. Sternite VIII: (Fig. 258) 0.94 – 0.97 mm long (n = 3), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at more or less constant angle (~ 70 – 75 ˚) between arms for 2 / 3 of length, then forming sharp angulate bend, then converging. Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.01 – 1.20 (mean = 1.08, n = 12) for Jalisco and Sinaloa populations on Dioon tomasellii and 1.02 – 1.20 (mean = 1.10, n = 12) for the Guerrero population on D. stevensonii. The pronotal width relative to the pronotal length in males = 1.26 – 1.44 (mean = 1.34, n = 12) in the populations on D. tomasellii and = 1.27 – 1.45 (mean = 1.35, n = 12) for the Guerrero population on D. stevensonii, indicating morphological similarity in different parts of the geographic range and host species. Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene of specimens from the two host species indicates that they have identical sequences (Tang et al. in press). Female RL / PL = 1.37 – 1.48 (mean = 1.44, n = 9) and PW / PL = 1.27 – 1.44 (mean = 1.36, n = 9). Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of Fred G. Andrews, who collected a significant part of the type series and whose specimens of this species were the first made available to us. Remarks — This species is closely related to P. sonorensis and the two may be separated by the presence of fovea on the pronotum in P. sonorensis. Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene of specimens from the two species indicates genetic differences (Tang et al. in press). Biology — This species lives and reproduces on the male cones of Dioon stevensonii and D. tomasellii. Range — Known from western Mexico from the states of Guerrero, Jalisco and Sinaloa, and likely present in other states where populations of its host exist: Nayarit and Michoacán. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] Mexico: Jalisco / 21.7 mi. S Puerto / Vallarta VII- 9 - 1982 / Fred G. Andrews; 2) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] Reared from / cone of / cycad [Dioon tomasellii]; 3) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Dysicorynus) / andrewsi / Tang & O’Brien 2015 (CSCA). Paratypes: same label data, (89); MEXICO: Guerrero, Achotla, oak forest, [GPS coord. omitted], ex: Dioon tomaselii [D. stevensonii] male cone, coll. J. Chemnick, 18 May 2004, TW 2004 - 18, elev. 1380 m (20); Zirandaro, 2 - V- 2001, A. Vovides, Dioon tomasellii [D. stevensonii], AV # 1405 (8); Sinaloa: Panuco, emerged VII- 2004, A. Vovides & J. Gonzalez, Dioon tomasellii, AV # 1485 (6). Paratypes (123) are deposited at ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CSCA, CWOB, FSCA, IEXA, MNHN, UNAM.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF8D1D3CFF330E8DFCB8FE60.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small to medium-sized (range 2.2 – 3.8 mm, mean = 3.4 mm, n = 19, slender to slightly robust, elongate-oval; unicolored brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: long, 1.18 X longer than pronotum; yellowish orange; not denticulate; dorsally and laterally, strongly, rugosely punctate; weakly expanded near apex; weakly rather evenly curved in lateral view. Head: behind eyes with sparse, very fine, shallow punctures; forehead between eyes with moderately dense, moderately coarse, shallow punctures; forehead with distinct, moderately long, narrow, median sulcus; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.63 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes. Antennae: with scape 1.29 X longer than eye and as long as desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 4 elongate, 5 – 7 shorter and transverse; scape, desmomeres, and club all pale yellowish. Prothorax: strongly transverse, 1.45 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, weakly rounded to subparallel sides, suddenly rounded to narrowed base; lateral margins moderately distinct, not denticulate, with large, shallow, moderately fine punctures; disc with fine, small, moderately dense, sparse, narrowly separated punctures; pair of foveae present on disc, ca. 1 / 4 from basal margin and 1 / 8 from lateral margin; uniform yellowish orange. Scutellum: with lateral margins straight; apically broadly rounded; with scarcely visible, small, fine punctures; subglabrous. Elytra: 0.67 X as wide as long; evenly expanding behind rounded humeri to declivity, there suddenly evenly broadly rounded to slightly emarginate apices; with small, fine, dense, well-separated punctures on entire surface, overall rather smooth, shining; uniformly yellowish brown. Legs: moderately robust, procoxae weakly convex, lacking processes; profemora moderately, symmetrically swollen, with small apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, apical margins lacking tooth or process, surface very finely wrinkled, appearing smooth; protibiae moderately stout in lateral view, with base angulately rounded with obtuse bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface very weakly medially narrowly excavate from middle to near apex, margins of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.00 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.32 X longer than pronotum; smooth, nearly impunctate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.20 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.32 – 1.44 mm (n = 2). Penis: in dorsal view lateral margins slightly constricting basal to gonopore and slightly bulging apicad to gonopore (Figs. 163 – 164), apex tapering to blunt point, length from gonopore to apex about twice as long as wide (see Fig. 192). Tegmen: distal margin with fewer than 20 setae (Fig. 232). Female. Sternite VIII: (Fig. 259) 0.94 – 1.00 mm long (n = 2), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme at more or less constant angle (~ 70 – 75 ˚) between arms for 2 / 3 of length, then forming sharp angulate bend, then converging. Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.02 – 1.11 (mean = 1.06, n = 10) and of females = 1.27 – 1.42 (mean = 1.32, n = 9). The pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.32 – 1.41 (mean = 1.36, n = 10) and of females = 1.34 – 1.48 (mean = 1.42, n = 9). Etymological Note — This species is named to reflect its host species, Dioon sonorense. Remarks — Molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA mitochondrial gene indicates P. sonorensis is genetically distinct from P. andrewsi inhabiting D. tomasellii in southern Sinaloa state (Tang et al. in prep.). Biology — This species lives and reproduces on the male cones of Dioon sonorense. Range — Known from western Mexico in the state of Sonora. Its host, Dioon sonorense, occurs as scattered populations in Sonora and the northern section of the state of Sinaloa. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] Mexico, Son. [Sonora] / Mazatlan [Mazatán] 29 - IV- / 2004, A. Vovides / J. Gonzalez; 2) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] on Dioon sonorense; 3) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Dysicorynus) / sonorensis / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (69) are deposited at ANIC, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, FMNH, FSCA, IEXA, UNAM. Subgenus Neocorynus O’Brien and Tang, new subgenus	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF8D1D3CFF330E8DFCB8FE60.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Parallocorynus (Neocorynus) inexpectatus O’Brien and Tang, new species	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF8D1D3CFF330E8DFCB8FE60.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. The subgenus Neocorynus can be distinguished from other Allocorynina by the following diagnostic character: male profemoral ventral surface with a field of granules that is 3 or more granules in width and without any stout spines. It may be further distinguished from other subgenera of Parallocorynus by the degree of sexual dimorphism in RL / PL, with females on average 51 – 53 % greater in this measurement than males; in other subgenera of Parallocorynus females are on average only 11 – 35 % greater in this measurement than males.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF8D1D3CFF330E8DFCB8FE60.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body small to medium-sized (BL = 2.6 – 3.8 mm, mean = 3.4 mm, n = 28); moderately robust, elongate-oval; dorsal surface bicolored orange to black, other parts of body and legs orange-brown to brown. Male. Rostrum: 0.99 – 1.21 X as long as pronotum (n = 19). Antennae: scape length = 1.11 – 1.56 X eye length (n = 10; mean for each species = 1.18 – 1.46) and 1.26 – 1.49 X length of desmomeres 1 + 2 (n = 10; mean for each species = 1.30 – 1.39); width of antennal club pits <or ~ diameter of socket for club rhopalomere (Figs. 121 – 122). Prothorax: pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.11 – 1.24 [mean = 1.16 (lowest for Allocorynina), n = 36]; notopleural suture short and not reaching anterior margin of prosternum; distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 4.7 – 5.6 X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior margin of prosternum. Legs: profemora asymmetrically swollen, ventral surface with field of granules, 3 or more granules in width and without any stout spines (Fig. 275). Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.55 – 1.76 X longer than pronotum (n = 14), on average 50 – 65 % greater in two species with known females. Antennae: scape length = 1.24 – 1.54 X eye length (n = 10; mean for each species = 1.30 – 1.54). Prothorax: PW / PL = 1.14 – 1.27 [mean = 1.21 (lowest for Allocorynina), n = 29), on average 4 % greater in females than in males with some overlap between sexes within species. Legs: Profemora not asymmetrically swollen and without granulations or spines on ventral surface. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.04 – 1.22 mm (n = 8). Penis: in dorsal view sides subparallel or slightly converging toward apex, bulging slightly near gonopore, length to width ratio 2.7 – 3.0 (Figs. 165 – 168), relatively wide and short compared with subgenera Parallocorynus and Dysicorynus; apex in dorsal view narrowed more or less evenly to rounded point (Figs. 193 – 194); transverse dorsal sclerotized bridge present at base; apodemes approximately same length as basal section of penis, slightly concave on inner surface, in lateral view widened gradually from base until narrowed at rounded apex. Internal sac: with endophallus in retracted position protruding well beyond basal part of penis, sometimes beyond base of apodemes, distal section with elongate band of scales, one on each side, sinuate endophallic strut along ventral midline absent (Figs. 166, 168), sclerotized endophallic dart visible within apex. Tegmen: apical plate in lateral view with width <1 / 4 length of plate, in dorsal view slightly narrowed distad to truncate or slightly rounded apex, apex without dorsal shelf, apical plate rigid except posterior margin curling ventrally along transverse axis, or not; fringed with setae numbering typically fewer than 25, in dorsal view typically only setae in apical corners visible, those along center of apex pointing ventrally; length of longest setae <width of apical plate in dorsal view (Figs. 209 – 210, 233 – 234). Female. Sternite VIII: with arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme with gradually increasing angle between arms for ~ 2 / 5 of length, then curved inward but without sharp angulate bend, then converging in final half of length, apices not touching; length of band of setae connecting apices of arms <greatest width of arms (Figs. 260 – 261). Spermathecal tube: uncoiled length <half length of sternite VIII. Etymological Note — The name of the subgenus is masculine and latinized from the Greek words neos (new) and koryne (club), indicating its close relationship to other subgenera in the genus Parallocorynus. Remarks — As here delimited this subgenus corresponds to the “ edule ” species group of Tang & O’Brien (2012). Morphology of the genitalia and molecular analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.) indicate this subgenus is related most closely to the subgenera Eocorynus and Dysicorynus. Adults of the subgenera Parallocorynus and Neocorynus may co-occur within individual dehiscing male cones of the Dioon edule species complex. The larval stages of the two subgenera appear to feed in different parts of the cone, in a form of niche partitioning. The larvae of the subgenus Neocorynus are highly mobile and appear to feed within the cone axis (Tang, pers. obser.) while those of Parallocorynus are confined inside the sporophylls (Vovides 1991, Tang, pers. obser.). Furthermore, the larvae of the subgenus Neocorynus, unlike all other Allocorynina (except the subgenus Eocorynus), do not pupate within male cone sporophylls, but exit the cone to pupate either in another part of the plant or outside the plant entirely. Unlike in the subgenus Parallocorynus, adults of this subgenus have never been reared from cones. These striking differences in larval and pupal behavior of Neocorynus indicate a fundamental shift in their life cycle compared to all other Allocorynina (except the subgenus Eocorynus) studied so far. Host and Geographic Distribution — This lineage is restricted to Mexico and all known members of this genus have been found only in fresh male cones of the narrow-leaflet Dioon edule-angustifolium species complex; adults have been captured only from dehiscing male cones in the field.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF931D3FFF330FD4FA55FCB4.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small to medium-sized (range 2.6 – 3.8 mm, mean = 3.2 mm, n = 16), not robust, elongate-oval; distinctly bicolored, orange-brown and black. Male (holotype). Rostrum: long, 1.16 X longer than pronotum; blackish brown; coarsely, scarcely rugosely, substriately punctate from base nearly to apex; not clearly expanding near apex, weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view. Head: just behind eyes, and forehead between eyes with few sparse large punctures; forehead with distinct, long, narrow, median sulcus; forehead nearly equal in width between median basal and apical margin of eyes. Antennae: with scape 1.20 X longer than eye and as long as desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 4 elongate, 5 – 7 shorter and transverse; scape and desmomeres 1 – 4 reddish brown, 5 – 7 piceus to black; club with rhopalomeres 1 & 2 piceus to black, apical rhopalomere pale yellowish. Prothorax: transverse, 1.12 X wider than long; apex moderately narrow, evenly roundly expanded to basal 1 / 4, there strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, with large coarse punctures; disc with moderately coarse, sparse, widely separated punctures; laterally subrugose; uniform orange-brown. Scutellum: with sides basally subparallel; apically narrowed and rounded, with dense small punctures. Elytra: 0.55 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri, to very slightly expanded near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to rounded moderately emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctured, humeral area with discrete punctures, medially and apically transversely moderately rugosely punctured; with basal 1 / 4 brown, remainder of disc uniformly brownish black. Legs: very robust, procoxae weakly convex, lacking processes; profemora strongly asymmetrically swollen, with apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, each margin with small apical, blunt, not toothlike process, inner surface granulate at area of greatest swelling; protibiae stout in lateral view, with base rounded with strong rounded bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface weakly medially broadly excavate from base to near apex, subcarinate margins of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal posteriorly directed tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 3.10 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.62 X longer than pronotum, smooth, nearly impunctate. Antennae: with desmomeres 1 – 6 elongate, 7 transverse, 1 – 6 pale yellowish, 7 blackish brown; club with rhopalomere 3 basally black, apical 4 / 5 pale yellowish. Prothorax: 1.24 X wider than long; apex narrow, apical 1 / 3 strongly rounded, there subparallel to slightly narrowed broad base. Elytra: 0.50 X as wide as long. Length, pronotum and elytron: 3.80 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.12 – 1.22 mm (n = 3). Penis: in dorsal view lateral margins tapering gradually toward apex from transverse bridge at base, greatest width 0.18 mm basal to gonopore, barely perceptible bulge at gonopore, beyond gonopore apex tapering more rapidly to blunt or rounded point, apex relatively narrow, width of apex ~ 60 % length of apex (Figs. 165 – 166, 193). Female. Sternite VIII: 1.08 mm long (n = 1), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme with gradually increasing angle between arms (maximum angle reaching 83 ˚) for ~ 2 / 5 of length, then curving gently inward without sharp angulate bend, then converging in final half of length (Fig. 260). Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.04 – 1.12 (mean = 1.08, n = 7) and of females = 1.58 – 1.68 (mean = 1.62, n = 7); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.10 – 1.15 (mean = 1.13, n = 7) and of female = 1.16 – 1.24 (mean = 1.20, n = 7). In addition to a granular field, major males exhibit a pronounced angulation on the ventrodistal surface of the profemora (Fig. 275). Etymological Note — This species epithet refers to the unexpected presence and behavior of this species. Remarks — This species is found together with Parallocorynus (Parallocorynus) n orstogi in the male cones of Dioon angustifolium. Female individuals of the two species are similar, but can be distinguished by RL / PL, which is smaller (1.27 – 1.48) in P. norstogi. Biology — Found in the male cones of Dioon angustifolium, formerly known as Dioon edule var. angustifolium (see González-Astorga et al. 2005), and D. sp. aff. angustifolium in Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi and Tamaulipas and probably Hidalgo and Querétaro states north of the Mexican transvolcanic belt. Unlike most other Allocorynina, the larvae inhabit, but do not pupate in male cones of its host; rearing experiments conducted over an 8 year period by the senior author on a male cone collected from the wild in which adults of this species were collected demonstrated that no pupae of this species developed and emerged as adults from the cone; during the same period another Allocorynina, Parallocorynus norstogi, emerged yearly from this cone during the study period. Large amounts of cycad pollen grains found in the gut of an adult P. inexpectatus suggests it feeds on the pollen of the host. Range — Known from Mexico in the states of Nuevo León, San Luis Potosi, Tamaulipas. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] MEX., N. L., 16 mi. / W. Linares 3600 ’ / VIII- 15 - 1971 C & L / OBrien & Marshall; 2) ex: male strobile / Dioon edule [angustifolium]; 3) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Neocorynus) / inexpectatus / O’Brien & Tang 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (161). MEXICO: N. L. [Nuevo León]: 2400 ’ 16 mi. W. Linares, Hwy. 58, IX- 11 - 1982 C. W. & L. O’Brien & G. Wibmer, ex: male strobile Dioon edule [angustifolium] (933); S. L. P. [San Luis Potosi]: Hwy 70, 23 k E. Cd. Valles, tunnel, [GPS coord. omitted], 335 m, Dioon sp. “ minima ” cone ♂, 13 - XI- 2014, W. Tang (102); Tamps. [Tamaulipas]: Mpo. Villa Mainero, Rancho Paso de las Nogales T. Sheridan P., 580 m., 99 o 39 ’, 24 o 32 ’ ex: male strobile Dioon edule [angustifolium], 1982 (8). Paratypes (1204) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, INBio, IZCAS, MIUP, MNHN, STRI, UCFC, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF901D39FF330DAAFC60F9B8.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body small to large (range 3.0 – 4.1 mm, mean = 3.6 mm, n = 15), not robust, elongate-oval; distinctly bicolored, orange-brown and black. Male (holotype). Rostrum: long, 0.85 X as long as pronotum, blackish brown; smooth, nearly impunctate; weakly expanded near apex, distal 1 / 3 and proximal 1 / 3 straight, but weakly curved in central 1 / 3 in lateral view. Head: just behind eyes, and forehead between eyes with moderately dense large punctures; forehead with distinct, long, narrow, median sulcus; forehead nearly equal in width between median basal and apical margin of eyes. Antennae: scape 1.20 X longer than eye and 1.26 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 4 elongate, 5 – 7 shorter and transverse; scape and desmomere 1 reddish brown, 2 – 7 piceus to black; club with rhopalomeres 1 and 2 piceus to black, apical rhopalomere reddish brown. Prothorax: transverse, 1.08 X wider than long; anterior margin emarginate in dorsal view; apex moderately narrow, evenly roundly expanded to basal 1 / 4, there strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, with large coarse punctures; disc with small, shallow, moderately separated punctures; laterally subrugose; uniform orange-brown. Scutellum: with lateral margins basally subparallel; apically with blunt posterior angles, with dense small punctures, sparse long blond setae present. Elytra: 0.53 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri, to very slightly expanded near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to rounded moderately emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctured, humeral area with discrete punctures, medially and apically transversely moderately rugosely punctured; with basal 1 / 4 brown, remainder of disc uniformly brownish black. Legs: very robust, procoxae weakly convex, lacking processes; profemora strongly asymmetrically swollen, with apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, ventrodistal surface with pronounced angulation, ventral surface granulate with granules arranged in transverse rows 4 – 6 granules each; protibiae stout in lateral view, with base rounded with strong rounded bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface weakly medially broadly excavate from base to near apex, subcarinate margins of groove not denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal posteriorly directed tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 3.70 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.56 X longer than pronotum. Antennae: with desmomeres 1 – 4 elongate, 5 – 7 transverse, 1 – 3 pale yellowish, 4 – 7 blackish brown; club with rhopalomeres 1 and 2 basally black, rhopalomere 3 transitioning to reddish brown at distal half. Prothorax: 1.13 X wider than long; apex narrow, apical 1 / 3 strongly rounded, there subparallel to slightly narrowed broad base. Elytra: 0.54 X as wide as long. Length, pronotum and elytron: 3.83 mm. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.03 – 1.22 mm (n = 5). Penis: in dorsal view lateral margins subparallel or tapering slightly for most of length, 0.18 – 0.22 mm wide, barely perceptible bulge at gonopore, beyond gonopore apex tapering more or less evenly to rounded point (Figs. 167 – 168, 194). Female. Sternite VIII: 1.09 – 1.12 mm long (n = 2), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme with gradually increasing angle between arms (maximum angle reaching 83 ˚) for ~ 2 / 5 of length, then curved gently inward without sharp angulate bend, then converging in final half of length (Fig. 261). Intraspecific Variation — The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 0.85 – 1.13 (mean = 0.96, n = 8) and of females = 1.56 – 1.64 (mean = 1.59, n = 4); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.08 – 1.16 (mean = 1.10, n = 8) and of females = 1.12 – 1.16 (mean = 1.14, n = 4). In males the angulation on the ventrodistal surface of the profemora is most pronounced in major males and nearly absent in minor males. Etymological Note. — This species is named in honor of Carlos Iglesias, Manager of the Jardín Botánico Francisco Javier Clavijero in Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, and collector of part of the type series, and for his contributions to cycad taxonomy, ecology and conservation in Mexico. Remarks — This species is closely related to P. (N.) inexpectatus and the two can be distinguished using two morphological characters: 1) The dorsal interocular distance / head width at eyes of P. inexpectatus = 0.45 – 0.52 (mean = 0.49, n = 19) and of P. iglesiasi = 0.40 – 0.49 (mean = 0.43, n = 14) and 2) the penis of P. inexpectatus in dorsal view is more robust (Fig. 167) with the width of lateral folds (posterior to junction with apodemes) together> 1 / 3 total width of penis, while that in P. (N.) iglesiasi is relatively narrower, together ~ 1 / 4 total width of penis. Parallocorynus (N.) iglesiasi is found together with P. (P.) perezfarrerai in the male cones of Dioon edule. Female individuals of the two species are similar, but can be distinguished by RL / PL, which is smaller (1.36 – 1.52) in P. (P.) perezfarrerai. Biology — P. (N.) iglesiasi inhabits the male cones of Dioon edule; cycad pollen grains were detected in the gut of an adult of this species indicating it feeds on the pollen of the host. Range. — Mexico, in central Veracruz state; adults or larvae, identified by analysis of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in press), are known from the two recognized forms of its host: the Chavarillo form of Dioon edule ranging from Monte Oscuro to Actopan and the Palma Sola form ranging from Farallón to Colorado. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] Mexico, Veracruz, Municipio / Actopan, Rancho del Niño, / ex Dioon edule cone, 8 - X- 2002, / A. Vovides, C. Iglesias & P. Aguilar; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Neocorynus) / iglesiasi / Tang & O’Brien 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (26). MEXICO: Veracruz, [Municipio Emiliano Zapata], Monte Oscuro, ex Dioon edule ♂ cone, 2 - XI- 2012, A. Vovides (3). Paratypes (29) are deposited at CAS, CWOB, FSCA, IEXA, UNAM. Subgenus Eocorynus Tang and O’Brien, new subgenus	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF901D39FF330DAAFC60F9B8.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Parallocorynus (Eocorynus) schiblii Tang and O’Brien, new species	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF901D39FF330DAAFC60F9B8.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. The subgenus Eocorynus can be distinguished from other Allocorynina by the following diagnostic characters: male profemoral ventral surface with a field of granules that is 3 or more granules in width and ventrodistal surface with a stout spine; female RL / PL is 1.77 – 1.95, larger than in any other subgenus of Parallocorynus or any other Allocorynina, except for Rhopalotria vovidesi which has a female RL / PL range of 1.58 – 1.79.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF901D39FF330DAAFC60F9B8.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION. Body medium-sized to large (BL = 3.2 – 5.1 mm, mean = 4.4 mm, n = 26); moderately robust, elongate-oval; bicolored orange-brown and black, or light brown and black. Male. Rostrum: 1.34 – 1.48 X longer than pronotum (n = 12). Antennae: scape length = 1.63 – 1.80 X eye length (n = 7; mean for each species = 1.67 – 1.72) and 1.07 – 1.35 X length of desmomeres 1 + 2 (n = 7; mean for each species = 1.67 – 1.72); width of pits of antennal club> diameter of socket for club rhopalomere (Figs. 123 – 124). Prothorax: pronotal width / pronotal length (PW / PL) = 1.18 – 1.28 (n = 12); notopleural suture short and not reaching anterior margin of prosternum; distance from anterior margin of procoxae to anterior margin of prosternum on average 3.5 – 4.1 X distance from posterior margin of procoxae to posterior margin of prosternum. Legs: profemora asymmetrically swollen, ventral surface with field of granules (Fig. 276), width of field greater than 3 granules, stout spine present on the posterior side of the ventrodistal surface (Figs. 90, 94), spine resting against posterior side of protibiae when protibiae in repose (Fig. 276). Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.77 – 1.95 X longer than pronotum (n = 12), on average 31 – 34 % greater than in males, with no overlap between sexes within species. Prothorax: PW / PL = 1.33 – 1.45 (n = 12), on average 11 – 17 % greater than in males, without overlap between sexes within species. Legs:. Profemora not asymmetrically swollen and without granulations or spines on ventral surface. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.08 – 1.54 mm (n = 6). Penis: in dorsal view sides subparallel or slightly converging toward apex, length to width ratio 3.2 (Figs. 169 – 172), relatively wide and short compared with the subgenera Parallocorynus and Dysicorynus, bulging near gonopore; apodemes approximately same length as apical section of penis, slightly concave on inner surface, in lateral view widening gradually from base until narrowing at rounded apex. Internal sac: with lateral elongate band of scales, one on each side, sinuate endophallic strut along ventral midline appearing absent (Figs. 169 – 172, 238 A – B), sclerotized endophallic dart (Fig. 238 B) also visible within proximal end of retracted sac (Figs. 169, 171). Tegmen: apical plate in lateral view with width <1 / 4 length of plate, in dorsal view slightly narrowing distad to truncate or slightly rounded apex, apex without dorsal shelf, apical plate rigid except for posterior margin curling ventrally along transverse axis, or not; fringed with setae numbering typically fewer than 25, typically only setae in apical corners visible, those along center of apex pointing ventrally (Figs. 211 – 212, 235 – 236); length of longest setae <width of apical plate in dorsal view. Female. Sternite VIII: 1.07 – 1.42 mm long (n = 4), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme with gradually increasing angle between arms for ~ 2 / 5 of length, then curved inward but without sharp angulate bend, then converging in final half of length, apices not touching; length of band of setae connecting apices of arms <greatest width of arms. Spermathecal tube: uncoiled length <half length of sternite VIII. Etymological Note — This name of the subgenus is masculine and latinized from the Greek words eos (early or dawn) and koryne (club), referring to its basal position within the genus. Remarks — Species in this subgenus were unknown to Tang & O’Brien (2012) and do not correspond with any prior species grouping. The structure of the profemora and genitalia and molecular markers of the 16 S rRNA gene (Tang et al. in prep.) indicate that this subgenus is most closely related to the subgenera Neocorynus and Dysicorynus. Adults of the subgenera Parallocorynus and Eocorynus may co-occur within individual dehiscing male cones of Dioon califanoi and the D. holmgrenii - jonesi species complex. The larval stages of the two subgenera appear to feed in different parts of the cone, in a form of niche partitioning. The larvae of Eocorynus are highly mobile and appear to feed within the cone axis (Tang, pers. obser.) while those of the subgenus Parallocorynus are confined inside sporophyll tissue (Vovides 1991, Tang, pers. obser.). Furthermore, the larvae of Eocorynus, unlike all other Allocorynina (except the subgenus Neocorynus, do not pupate within male cone sporophylls, but exit the cone to pupate either in another part of the plant or outside the plant entirely. Unlike in the nominate subgenus Parallocorynus, adults of this subgenus have never been reared from cones. These striking differences in larval and pupal behavior of Eocorynus indicate a fundamental shift in their life cycle compared to all other Allocorynina (except Neocorynus) studied so far. Host and Geographic Distribution — This lineage currently appears to be restricted to southern Mexico and is known from male cones of Dioon holmgrenii and D. califanoi and likely inhabits the closely related host species D. caputoi, D. argenteum and D. purpusii. An incomplete specimen of this genus has been collected from D. merolae (W. Tang, unpub. data), but its treatment awaits more complete material.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF961D3BFF3308BEFF33FD6B.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body medium-sized to large (range 3.7 – 5.1 mm, mean = 4.6 mm, n = 22), not robust, elongate-oval; body and elytra orange-brown, with apex of individuals dark brown. Male (holotype). Rostrum: long, 1.32 X longer than pronotum, blackish brown; coarsely, scarcely rugosely, substriately punctate from base nearly to apex; weakly expanded in distal half, weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view. Head: between eyes, on forehead and behind eyes with few, moderately dense, large punctures, punctures between eyes 2 X diameter of punctures posterior to postocular transverse groove, distance between punctures 2 X width between eyes and 3 X width posterior to transverse postocular groove; forehead with distinct, long, narrow, median sulcus; bare spot without punctures present behind forehead and sulcus with diameter approximately 0.50 X width of eye; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.72 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes. Antennae: with scape 1.78 X longer than eye and 1.32 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 & 2 elongate, 3 – 5 round, 6 & 7 more transverse and shorter; scape reddish brown, 1 – 7 brown to piceus; club with rhopalomeres 1 & 2 piceus to black, basal 1 / 3 of apical rhopalomere black and apical 2 / 3 pale brown. Prothorax: transverse, 1.14 X wider than long; anterior margin emarginate; apex moderately narrow, evenly roundly expanded to distal 1 / 3, there subparallel to basal 1 / 5, there strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, with large coarse punctures; disc with moderately coarse, moderately separated punctures (distance to nearest puncture 2 – 3 X own width); laterally subrugose; posterior margin of pronotum slightly emarginate; uniform orange-brown. Scutellum: with lateral margins basally subparallel; apically narrowed and rounded, with dense small punctures and short translucent setae. Elytra: 0.55 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri to near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to rounded moderately emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctured, medially and apically moderately rugosely punctured, apical margin with longitudinal rugose striations; uniformly brown. Legs: very robust, femora orange-brown, tibiae and tarsi dark brown; procoxae weakly convex, lacking processes; protrochanter with sclerotized nub at apex; profemora strongly asymmetrically swollen, proximal to distal apex with large spine located just posterior to imaginary longitudinal line extending from apical pit along ventral inner surface, spine resting against posterior side of protibiae when leg in repose, ventral inner surface granulate at area of greatest swelling; protibiae stout in lateral view, base rounded with strong rounded bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface weakly medially broadly excavate from base to near apex, subcarinate margins of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal posteriorly directed tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.7 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.80 X longer than pronotum. Antennae: with desmomeres 1 – 2 elongate, 3 – 5 round, 6 – 7 transverse, 1 – 5 dark brown, 6 – 7 black; club with rhopalomeres 1 – 2 black, apical rhopalomere base black and apical 2 / 3 light brown. Prothorax: 1.44 X wider than long; apex narrowed, sides more or less evenly rounded to narrowed base. Legs: protibiae normally developed, without basal bend, and without excavation on inner surface or serration on margins. Elytra: 0.58 X as wide as long; apical 1 / 6 dark brown. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.08 – 1.54 mm (n = 5). Penis: robust, in dorsal view sides subparallel in basal portion, slightly converging toward gonopore, with pronounced bulge near gonopore; apodemes slightly shorter than penis (Figs. 169 – 170); apex tapering distad evenly for 2 / 3 of length with lateral margins concave, then angle of taper becoming more pronounced and lateral margins becoming convex before rounded point (Fig. 195). Internal sac: when fully extruded (Figs. 238 A – B) with central half with narrow band of scales, one band on each side, joining dorsally on anterior area in broad patch, scales oriented in anterior direction, in posterior area scales on bands gradually becoming obsolete and bands converging with two pairs of posteroventraly oriented sclerites (“ endophallic darts ”), central pair of endophallic darts with posteriorly directed setae on inner surface, section of membraneous sac anterior to darts noticeably inflated dorsally. Tegmen: apical plate reaching greatest size for subtribe (Figs. 211 – 212, 235). Female. Sternite VIII: 1.09 – 1.42 mm long (n = 3), arms ~ half as long as apodeme, diverging from apodeme with gradually increasing angle between arms for ~ 7 / 10 of length, then curved inward but without sharp angulate bend, then converging in final 3 / 10 of length (Fig. 262). Intraspecific Variation — Individuals known from two localities display consistent differences in color; those from San Bartolomé Loxicha have uniformly light orange-brown elytra while fully developed individuals from Rancho Limón may have up to the apical half dark brown; the rostrum, antennae, tibiae and tarsi in individuals from Rancho Limón are also darker and range almost to black. The rostral length relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.34 – 1.48 (mean = 1.39, n = 10) and of females = 1.77 – 1.88 (mean = 1.82, n = 10); the pronotal width relative to the pronotal length of males = 1.18 – 1.22 (mean = 1.20, n = 8) and of females = 1.33 – 1.45 (mean = 1.40, n = 10). Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of the late Leo Schibli, co-founder of SERBO (Sociedad para el Estudio de los Recursos Bióticos de Oaxaca), for his contributions to the ecology and conservation of cycads and other flora of Oaxaca, Mexico. Remarks — This species is readily distinguished from the other member of the subgenus by its uniformly brown head (exclusive of the eyes and rostrum) versus brown and black in P. chemnicki and by the predominantly brown elytra versus the black elytra of P. chemnicki. The two members of this subgenus can be distinguished from all other members of the genus Parallocorynus by the presence of a large spine at the ventrodistal surface of the forefemora of males. Biology — Currently known from a single host, Dioon holmgrenii, and has been found together with Parallocorynus (Parallocorynus) salasae in male cones. Range — Known from Mexico in the Pacific slopes of the state of Oaxaca. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] MEXICO, Oax. San Bart- / olomé Loxicha, ex ♂ cone / Dioon holmgrenii, 5 - XII- / 2008, F. Maldonado-Ruiz; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Eocorynus) / schiblii / Tang & O’Brien 2015 CAS. Paratypes: same label data, (24). MEXICO: Oaxaca: Rancho Limón, [GPS coord. omitted], 620 m, ex Dioon holmgrenii ♂ cone, 12 - XI- 2012, W. Tang (113). Paratypes (137) are deposited at ANIC, ASUT, BMNH, CAS, CMNC, CSCA, CWOB, EMEC, FMNH, FSCA, IADIZA, IEXA, MIUP, STRI, UNAM, USNM, ZMHB.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
038C4E37FF941D3AFF330CCDFF28F85F.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION — Body medium-sized (range 3.2 – 3.9 mm, mean = 3.4 mm, n = 4), not robust, elongate-oval; body orange-brown, elytra uniformly black. Male (holotype). Rostrum: long, 1.44 X longer than pronotum, black; coarsely, scarcely rugosely, substriately punctate from base nearly to apex; weakly expanded in distal half, weakly somewhat evenly curved in lateral view; color black, except apex dark brown. Head: between eyes, on forehead and behind eyes black with few, sparse, large punctures, with distance between punctures approximately 3 X width of punctures; punctures between eyes 2 X diameter of punctures posterior to transverse postocular groove; forehead with distinct, long, narrow, median sulcus; bare spot without punctures present behind forehead and sulcus, with diameter approximately 0.50 X width of eye; forehead strongly narrowed apically, 0.79 X as wide between median basal margin and apical margin of eyes; color uniformly black in dorsal view, ventral surface orange-brown. Antennae: with scape brown, 1.67 X longer than eye and 1.07 X longer than desmomeres 1 + 2, 1 – 2 elongate, 3 – 5 round, 6 – 7 more transverse and shorter; scape reddish brown, 1 – 7 brown to piceus; club with rhopalomeres 1 – 2 piceus to black, basal 2 / 5 of apical rhopalomere piceus, apical 3 / 5 dark brownish-orange. Prothorax: transverse, 1.28 X wider than long; anterior margin emarginate, fringed with hairs of length equal to width of pronotal collar; apex moderately narrow, evenly roundly expanded to distal 1 / 3, there subparallel until basal 1 / 5, there strongly rounded to base; lateral margins not denticulate, with large coarse punctures; disc with moderately coarse, moderately separated punctures (distance between punctures 2 – 3 X own width); laterally subrugose; uniform orange-brown except at center of anterior margin, there thin and translucent and appearing black. Scutellum: with lateral margins basally subparallel; apically narrowed and rounded, with dense small punctures. Elytra: 0.55 X as wide as long; subparallel behind rounded humeri to near declivity, there suddenly evenly narrowed to rounded moderately emarginate apices; unevenly coarsely punctured, humeral area with discrete punctures, medially and apically moderately rugosely punctured. Legs: very robust, procoxae orange-brown, weakly convex, lacking processes; protrochanter orange-brown, with sclerotized nub at apex; femora orange-brown, profemora strongly asymmetrically swollen, without apical pit-like impression receiving base of tibia, proximal to distal apex with large spine located just posterior to, and in line with, apical pit along ventral inner surface, ventral inner surface granulate at area of greatest swelling; protibiae black, stout in lateral view, with base rounded with strong rounding bend, lacking inner tooth, inner surface weakly medially broadly excavate from base to near apex, subcarinate margins of groove denticulate, apex with small anterior mucro and subequal posteriorly directed tooth. Length, pronotum and elytron: 3.9 mm. Female. Same as male except: Rostrum: 1.95 X longer than pronotum; longest in Allocorynina). Prothorax: 1.42 X wider than long; apex narrowed, sides more or less evenly rounded to narrowed base. Elytra: 0.59 X as wide as long. Genitalia and Associated Structures — Male. Length of penis and apodemes together 1.22 mm. Penis: robust, 0.20 mm wide (n = 1), in dorsal view sides subparallel in basal portion, slightly constricted in apical portion, with pronounced bulge near gonopore; apodemes slightly shorter than penis (Figs. 171 – 172); apex tapering distad evenly for 2 / 3 of length, then angle of taper becoming more pronounced and lateral margins becoming convex before protruding rounded point (Fig. 196). Tegmen: apical plate elongate, 1.45 X longer than wide. Female. Sternite VIII: (Fig. 263) arms diverging from junction with apodeme with increasing angle between arms until rounded bend (not angulate bend; specimen in figure 263 bent — arms viewed at oblique angle) and converging in posterior ~ 1 / 3; band of setae ~ half width of arms. Etymological Note — This species is named in honor of Jeff Chemnick, who assisted in the collection of the type specimens of this species, and for his contributions to the taxonomy, ecology and conservation of Mexican cycads. Remarks — This species is readily distinguished from the other member of the subgenus by its black colored forehead on an otherwise uniformly brown head (exclusive of the eyes and rostrum) versus uniform brown in P. schiblii and by the black elytra versus the predominantly brown elytra of P. schiblii. Biology — Adults currently known from a single host, Dioon califanoi, where this species can be found together with Parallocorynus (Parallocorynus) gregoryi. Larvae attributable to P. chemnicki also have been found in male cones of D. purpusii. Range — Known from Mexico, state of Puebla. Material Examined — Holotype (by designation) male with the following labels: 1) [rectangular; white; printed in black ink] MEX., Puebla, Oax. Border, Teotitlán, [GPS coord. omitted], ex Dioon califanoi ♂ cone, 7 - XI- 2012, W. Tang; 2) [rectangular; red; printed in black ink] HOLOTYPE ♂ / Parallocorynus (Eocorynus) / chemnicki / Tang & O’Brien 2015 (CAS). Paratypes: same label data, (3). Paratypes (3) are deposited at CWOB and IEXA. Concluding remarks The family Belidae and its various subfamilies generally are considered to be relict groups (Marvaldi et al. 2006). They are early members of the Curculionoidea that have been superseded in many geographic regions and ecosystems by more advanced lineages of weevils. The Allocorynina, however, are an exception to the rule in the sense that they have diversified in a relatively specialized niche, the reproductive structures of cycads in the New World, where they are involved in a pollination symbiosis with their hosts (Norstog et al. 1986, 1992, Norstog & Fawcett 1989, Oberprieler 1995, Tang 1987, 2004). Recent DNA studies (Nagalingum et al. 2011, Salas-Leiva et al. 2013) indicate that much of the diversity of modern cycads, including those in the New World, has evolved only within the last 12 million years. Much of the modern diversity of the Allocorynina likely arose contemporaneously during the adaptive radiation of their host lineages. Fossils may indicate that the Allocorynina may have had an ancient distribution extending into Europe (Legalov 2013), however, the fossil illustrated lacks many characters of the Allocorynina and may be an Attelabidae. The host associations of all known extant Allocorynina indicate that they are restricted to the cycad genera Dioon and Zamia and are absent from the New World cycad genera Ceratozamia and Microcycas (Tang & O’Brien 2012). They have been found in all species of Dioon that have been sampled closely but are absent in many lineages of Zamia, particularly on the periphery of the range of Zamia in South America and the Caribbean. These host and geographic patterns and the results of molecular analysis (Tang et al. in prep.) point to Dioon being the original host lineage of the Allocorynina and suggest that host-shifts onto Zamia may have been more recent. We expect that more species of Allocorynina await discovery, particularly in the genera Parallocorynus and Rhopalotria in Mexico, Guatemala and Honduras, where many species of Dioon and Zamia have yet to be sampled adequately. Many of these weevils can be found only in dehiscing male cones in the field. In many populations of these two cycad genera, years may elapse between major periods of coning. Adult weevils usually are present only for a brief period of one or two months during the pollination season, when male cones are dehiscing. The subgenera Neocorynus and Eocorynus cannot be reared from pupae inside old male cones, as all other Allocorynina genera can be, and are especially difficult to find. More focused field work and surveys of those cycad species that have not been sampled undoubtedly will lead to a more complete understanding of the diversity in this group of weevils.	en	O’Brien, Charles W., Tang, William (2015): Revision of the New World cycad weevils of the subtribe Allocorynina, with description of two new genera and three new subgenera (Coleoptera: Belidae: Oxycoryninae). Zootaxa 3970 (1): 1-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3970.1.1
