identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038F7812CF58FFB439CCFB5D7B267924.text	038F7812CF58FFB439CCFB5D7B267924.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Encarsia agona Otim and Polaszek 2025	<div><p>Encarsia agona collection and rearing</p><p>The initial collection method involved collecting parasitised puparia of the B. tabaci species-complex cassava leaves and placing them in Petri dishes, as described by Otim et al. (2005). Emerged adult were preserved in 70% ethanol. As part of the African Cassava Whitefly Project (ACWP), more were reared and persevered in 95% ethanol for both morphological and molecular characterisation</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F7812CF58FFB439CCFB5D7B267924	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Polaszek, A.;Otim, M. H.;Briscoe, A.;Court, L.;Macfadyen, S.;Schmidt, S.;Geng, H.	Polaszek, A., Otim, M. H., Briscoe, A., Court, L., Macfadyen, S., Schmidt, S., Geng, H. (2025): Morphological and molecular description, and draft mitogenome Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid tabaci species complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava. Journal of Natural History 59 (41 - 44): 2441-2461, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164
038F7812CF58FFB439CCFE2D7A967809.text	038F7812CF58FFB439CCFE2D7A967809.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Encarsia agona Otim and Polaszek 2025	<div><p>History of Encarsia agona Otim and Polaszek</p><p>Our first encounter with E. agona was in November 2000 at three different localities in Uganda Busukuma and Lyantonde sub-counties in Bulisa, Wakiso and Lyantonde districts, respectively (Otim 2005). Two specimens collected from the National Agricultural and Animal Production Research Namulonge (now the National Crops Resources Research Institute) in August 2001 were sent to the History Museum, London, in late 2001 and identified morphologically as a new species of Encarsia 2001, the species has been referred to as ‘blackhead Encarsia ’ because of the distinctively dark contrast to most of the rest of the body. Until 2018, the species was considered probably unisexual males were discovered eventually. Until now, E. agona has never been described morphologically, nor genome been characterised. The ecological services provided by the species were also uncertain due significant nomenclatural and systematic challenges faced by the B. tabaci whitefly research community that time (De Barro et al. 2011; Boykin et al. 2018).</p><p>A multinational project to better understand the B. tabaci -complex and its impact on African production systems has led to the recovery of significant numbers of parasitoid species from whitefly nymphs, amongst which the ‘blackhead Encarsia ’ was regularly encountered, though lected (Macfadyen et al. 2021; Tay et al. 2021). In this study, we present the first morphological and report on the draft mitochondrial genome. The latter represents the first mitochondrial DNA characterisation of an aphelinid wasp native to Africa, and details significant gene rearrangements,</p><p>gene loss, and aberrant tRNA gene secondary structures in the mitochondrial genome.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F7812CF58FFB439CCFE2D7A967809	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Polaszek, A.;Otim, M. H.;Briscoe, A.;Court, L.;Macfadyen, S.;Schmidt, S.;Geng, H.	Polaszek, A., Otim, M. H., Briscoe, A., Court, L., Macfadyen, S., Schmidt, S., Geng, H. (2025): Morphological and molecular description, and draft mitogenome Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid tabaci species complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava. Journal of Natural History 59 (41 - 44): 2441-2461, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164
038F7812CF5EFFB239CCFF187AFC7D19.text	038F7812CF5EFFB239CCFF187AFC7D19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dna extraction	<div><p>DNA extraction and construction of high-throughput sequencing libraries</p><p>Specimens processed at CSIRO for high throughput sequencing (HTS) used the method described et al. (2017b). Briefly, genomic DNA (gDNA) libraries of the E. agona holotype (ID: 10007) and paratypes 10247, NHM-1207_10017) were generated using input gDNA at 1.5 ng on a Nextera-XT library kit v.</p><p>to gDNA extraction, all specimens were visually confirmed by the first author as Encarsia agona .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F7812CF5EFFB239CCFF187AFC7D19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Polaszek, A.;Otim, M. H.;Briscoe, A.;Court, L.;Macfadyen, S.;Schmidt, S.;Geng, H.	Polaszek, A., Otim, M. H., Briscoe, A., Court, L., Macfadyen, S., Schmidt, S., Geng, H. (2025): Morphological and molecular description, and draft mitogenome Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid tabaci species complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava. Journal of Natural History 59 (41 - 44): 2441-2461, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164
038F7812CF5FFFB339CCFEB87DED786A.text	038F7812CF5FFFB339CCFEB87DED786A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Encarsia agona subsp. mitogenome	<div><p>Encarsia agona mitogenome assembly and annotation</p><p>Whole genome sequence data from the Illumina MiSeq sequencer from three E. agona individuals imported into Geneious 8.1.9 for mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) assembly using the Geneious Mapper program (see below). Mitogenome assembly of the holotype E. agona using HTS platform-derived sequences was first attempted using Megaphragma viggianii (originally published as the misidentified amalphitanum Viggiani, GenBank KT 373787, Nedoluzhko et al. 2016; Polaszek et al. 2022) as the mitochondrial DNA genome template, it being the only chalcidoid mitochondrial DNA genome publicly available at the time. Assemblies of the holotype and paratype specimens’ mitogenomes carried out using Geneious v. 8.1.9, with the initial assembly involving three iterations at the ‘ sensitivity/Fast’ sensitivity settings and without sequence trimming. Gene fragments representing partial mtDNA coding sequence regions (CDS) were identified from this initial assembly. These agona mtDNA gene regions were used as subsequent partial species-specific reference DNA templates build up the mitogenome of the E. agona holotype. All regions from different versions of the holotype E. agona mtDNA genome were visually inspected for contig assembly quality.</p><p>Poorly assembled regions such as between intergenic regions were reassembled by introducing gap lengths (inserting between 50–100 Ns) followed by reassembling using the sensitivity detailed above. This process of quality checks/gap insertion/reassembling was repeated until no overlapping ambiguity of assembled intergenic regions was detected. This process enabled sequence fragments representing overlapping intergenic regions to be identified and to be into a high-quality contig. For post-assembly mitogenome annotation, we used the MITOS program (Bernt et al. 2013), specifying genetic code 5 (invertebrate mitochondrial) with visualisation manual fine-tuning of the annotated mitogenomes in Geneious v. 8.1.9.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F7812CF5FFFB339CCFEB87DED786A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Polaszek, A.;Otim, M. H.;Briscoe, A.;Court, L.;Macfadyen, S.;Schmidt, S.;Geng, H.	Polaszek, A., Otim, M. H., Briscoe, A., Court, L., Macfadyen, S., Schmidt, S., Geng, H. (2025): Morphological and molecular description, and draft mitogenome Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid tabaci species complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava. Journal of Natural History 59 (41 - 44): 2441-2461, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164
038F7812CF5DFFB13B10FF797A357962.text	038F7812CF5DFFB13B10FF797A357962.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Encarsia agona Otim and Polaszek 2025	<div><p>Encarsia agona Otim and Polaszek sp. n.</p><p>(Figures 1–4)</p><p>:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 9EB39F43-471B-459D-8801-A261DF3F8A36</p><p>Encarsia: Otim et al. 2005: Biocontrol: 87, 89.</p><p>Encarsia sp. Otim et al. 2018: Israel J. Entomol.: 157–158</p><p>Female: Colour. (Figure 1 (A-F)). Antennae largely pale brown; C3 (= F6) slightly darker than remainder the antenna. Head dark brown, perimeters of compound eyes and stemmaticum pale; compound ocelli red. Pronotum and anterior ½–⅔ of mesoscutal midlobe the same shade of brown as head.</p><p>brown anteriorly. Acropleura, lateral propodeum and base of mesosoma (T1) dusky brown; T2–T</p><p>brown laterally. Legs uniformly pale; wings very faintly infuscate below the marginal vein.</p><p>uniformly pale.</p><p>Colour variation. Infuscation of the axillae, acropleura, propodeum and metasoma is markedly some paratypes.</p><p>Female: Morphology. (Figure 1 (A-F)). Head with mediofrontal line, transfacial line and ocular-torular lines complete, narrow. Scrobes smooth with 3 pairs of setae. Stemmaticum with laterally elongate sculpture. Antennal formula: 1,1,3,3; scape 1.8x pedicel length; pedicel 2.0x F1; F1 equal to F2; F3</p><p>funicle 0.65x clava; F6 very slightly oblique. Flagellum with the following number of longitudinal</p><p>0; F2: 0; F3: 1; F4: 3; F5: 3; F6: 3. Mandibles with 2 small teeth and a truncation. Maxillary palps 2-</p><p>Midlobe of mesoscutum with 4 setae; each lateral lobe with 1 seta; each axilla with 1 seta; mesoscutellum with 4 setae. Sculpture of mesoscutal midlobe reticulate; sculpture of axillae longitudinally Mesoscutellum with broad longitudinal reticulate sculpture centrally, becoming transverse laterally wing submarginal vein with 2 setae centrally, 1 seta in basal cell (1–2 in paratypes), 5 setae on margin of marginal vein (4 in some paratypes). Length submarginal = marginal vein. Maximum length wing 2.9x fore wing width, maximum width of wing 2.2x longest seta on marginal fringe. Distal posterior of fore wing very sparsely setose, resembling the condition in the Encarsia perflava species group. Ovipositor 0.9x mid tibial length; third valvulae 0.38x ovipositor length; second valvifer 1.2x third (Figure 2B). Tarsal formula 5-4-5. Mid tibial spur 0.77x corresponding basitarsus (Figure 2E). Metasomal T1 – T7 with 0, 1 + 1, 1 + 1, 1 + 1, 1 + 2 + 1, 1 + 2 + 1 and 4 setae, respectively .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F7812CF5DFFB13B10FF797A357962	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Polaszek, A.;Otim, M. H.;Briscoe, A.;Court, L.;Macfadyen, S.;Schmidt, S.;Geng, H.	Polaszek, A., Otim, M. H., Briscoe, A., Court, L., Macfadyen, S., Schmidt, S., Geng, H. (2025): Morphological and molecular description, and draft mitogenome Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid tabaci species complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava. Journal of Natural History 59 (41 - 44): 2441-2461, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164
038F7812CF54FFB939CCFE287A777AB2.text	038F7812CF54FFB939CCFE287A777AB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Encarsia	<div><p>Identification of Encarsia agona’s Bemisia host by molecular diagnostics</p><p>Morphological identification of Bemisia tabaci- complex species has always been extremely challenging in some cases has been made possible only very recently (MacLeod et al. 2022). In the present study total of eight candidate parasitised Bemisia 3rd/4th instar pupae, sequencing of successfully partial cox1 sequences from four samples indicated they were parasitised by E. agona based on</p><p>HISTORY identity (Supplemental Data 08–11; Polaszek et al. 2025) to the cox1 gene of our assembled draft E mitogenomes. Overall partial cox1 sequence identity (473bp-616bp) between E. agona individuals (from Bemisia tabaci SSA 1 host pupae) and the HTS assembled cox1 gene from the mitogenome ranged 99.2% to 100% based on pairwise nucleotide distance (p -dist) estimates. Species identification of Bemisia pupae based on sequence analysis indicated that these pupae belonged to B. tabaci (Supplemental Data 12–15; Polaszek et al. 2025). Studies are ongoing to determine whether Bemisia SSA 1 is conspecific with B. manihoti Frappa (Madagascar) and/or Bemisia gossypiperda var Ghesquière (D.R. Congo), currently synonyms of B. tabaci (Mound and Halsey, 1978) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038F7812CF54FFB939CCFE287A777AB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Polaszek, A.;Otim, M. H.;Briscoe, A.;Court, L.;Macfadyen, S.;Schmidt, S.;Geng, H.	Polaszek, A., Otim, M. H., Briscoe, A., Court, L., Macfadyen, S., Schmidt, S., Geng, H. (2025): Morphological and molecular description, and draft mitogenome Encarsia species (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), a parasitoid tabaci species complex (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) on cassava. Journal of Natural History 59 (41 - 44): 2441-2461, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2025.2534164
