identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038E87ADFFA8FFD4FF39C3BAD7339AE8.text	038E87ADFFA8FFD4FF39C3BAD7339AE8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pitcairnia frequens Saraiva & Forzza	<div><p>Pitcairnia frequens L.B.Sm. &amp; B. Holst ex Saraiva &amp; Forzza sp. nov. (Fig. 1–4)</p> <p>Pitcairnia frequens is related to P. armata Maury (1889: 270) and P. maguirei Smith (1960: 17) chiefly because its linear and serrate leaves, sessile flowers, unappendaged petals, included stamens and style, and alate seeds. However P. armata has it leaf-sheaths broadly ovate that form a pseudobulb; upper peduncle bracts entire; sepals asymmetrical, alate-carinate and its pale green petals. P. maguirei differs by its nerved floral bracts, with a narrow pale margin; 4 cm long sepals; 6 cm long and pale green petals.</p> <p>Type: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Morro dos Seis Lagos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-66.68305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.28638887" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -66.68305/lat 0.28638887)">Lago do Dragão</a>, 66°40' 59"W, 0°17' 11"N, 27 August 2011, (fl.), M. H. Terra-Araujo, F. M. Costa, M. M. P. Souza, S. M. Esteves, C. R. Boelter, J. Meirelles, C. E. Zartman, A. M. Silveira &amp; D. P. Saraiva 221 (Holotype: RB!, isotype: INPA!).</p> <p>Plant saxicolous, propagating by slender rhizomes, the flowering stem ca. 133 up to 200 cm tall. Leaves rosulate, arched-recurving, monomorphic, thinly coriaceous; sheaths ovate, ca. 4–22 × 7–25 mm, brownish-green, nearly glabrous, entire; blades linear, not narrowed at base, persistent, archedrecurving, 89–112 × 1–1.8 cm, nerved, green, densely white lepidote, apex acuminate, margins densely spinose; spines brown, complanate, antrorse, 1–1.3 mm long. Inflorescence erect, ca. 95–130 cm long, distinctly exceeding the leaves. Peduncle 5–8 mm diam., greenish-red, white floccose distally but soon sparsely so; peduncle bracts, the basal ones foliaceous and distinctly exceeding the internodes, the upper ones narrow triangular-lanceolate, acuminate, erect, shorter than the internodes, 2.1–4 × 0.6–1.1 cm, green, woolly white lepidote. Fertile part of the inflorescence simple (spike) or few-branches laxly arranged, erect, 30–60 cm long, the rachis slightly stout, 5–7 mm diam., terete, pinkish-red, soon glabrous. Floral bracts ovate-laceolate, acute, 6–7 × 4 mm, entire, thin in texture, pinkish-red, spreading, glabrous, shorter than the sepals. Flowers, ca. 60–160, 25– 30 mm long, subdensely arranged, spreading at anthesis and afterwards, sessile, actinomorphic. Sepals narrowly triangular-lanceolate, ecarinate, acuminate, erect, 16–18 × 4 mm, pinkish-red, glabrous. Petals spatulate, acuminate, ca. 27 × 5 mm, pinkish-red, erect except for the slightly recurved apex, unappendaged, glabrous. Stamens shorter than the petals, free; filaments white; anthers linear, 5–6 mm long, attached near the base, the base bifid, the apex obtuse, yellow. Stigma capitate, spiralate, conduplicated, included at anthesis, the stigmatic lobes pinkish-red. Ovary fusiform, 4/7 superior, glabrous, placentation axilar. Ovules many, winged. Fruits a capsule, seeds winged.</p> <p>Anatomy: —The adaxial and abaxial surfaces are smooth (Fig. 2A). A uniseriate epidermis covers the leaf. The internal periclinal cell walls have secondary thickenings on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces. There are U-shaped thickenings on these walls (Fig. 2C). Peltate scales are present on the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The number of stalk cells is five (Fig. 2E). The leaf is hypostomatic, and subsidiary and guard cells are placed at the same level of the epidermis (Fig. 2D). Two layers of sclerenchymatic hypodermis, with secondary thickenings, are present in the adaxial and abaxial mesophyll portions (Fig. 2C,D). An aquiferous hypodermis with thin cell walls is found essentially in the adaxial portion. This hypodermis has rounded cells (Fig. 2A). Palisade chlorenchyma is present giving the appearance of an abrupt transition between the aquiferous tissue and the chlorenchyma. Chlorenchymatic inter-vascular cells are short-armed cells with less- distinct air lacunae (Fig. 2A). The vascular bundles are collateral, with smaller or larger gauges. These vascular bundles are surrounded by sclerenchymatic sheaths. These sheaths are in direct contact with aquiferous hypodermis, in both adaxial and abaxial positions. Fibers are present in the phloem (Fig. 2B).</p> <p>Paratype: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Morro dos Seis Lagos, Lago do Dragão, 400–450 m, 14 and 15 October 1987 (fl.), W. A. Rodrigues, D. C. Daly, P. J. M. Maas, D. W. Stevenson, R. P. de Lima, J. F. Ramos &amp; J. C. Oliveira &amp; C. Farney 1712 (NY!, RB! [2 sheets])</p> <p>Etymology: —The name given by L.B. Smith is related with the high frequency of the species in the herbaceous strata of the hill top.</p> <p>Distribution and Habitat: — Pitcairnia frequens is an endemic species of the Morro dos Seis Lagos top in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Amazonas, Brazil —Amazonian domain (Fig. 4). The undulating plateau of the hill has six lakes, and the Pitcairnia is growing near the Lakes Dragão and Verde as a rupicolous plant on sunexposed surfaces or in places slightly shaded by shrubs (Fig. 3).</p> <p>Conservation status: —According to the IUCN Red List (IUCN 2011), the species should be treated as least concern (LC). Due to its large population size growing at the top of a difficult to access hill, and for its placement in the intersection of three protected areas: Pico da Neblina National Park, Morro dos Seis Lagos Biological Reserve, and Balaio Indigenous Park (Fig. 4).</p> <p>Note: —The latest voucher (Saraiva 221) was chosen here to be the holotype instead of the oldest, sent to New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (Farney 1712), and appointed by L.B. Smith &amp; B. Holst as new species. This decision was taken to ensure a more detailed description of the species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E87ADFFA8FFD4FF39C3BAD7339AE8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	SARAIVA, D. P.;FORZZA, R. C.	SARAIVA, D. P., FORZZA, R. C. (2012): Pitcairnia frequens (Bromeliaceae), a neglected new species from Morro dos Seis Lagos, Amazonas, Brazil. Phytotaxa 69 (1): 57-63, DOI: 10.11646/PHYTOTAXA.69.1.7
