taxonID	type	description	language	source
038187E5160FFFA1FF09E8E7FAF8FEF8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is easily distinguished from other nocturnal velvet ants by the presence of a fourth mandibular tooth, which is found along the internal margin and projects posteriorly over the apex of the clypeus (see Tanner et al. 2009: Fig. 6). This species also has 1) the dorsal carina of the mandible extending from the base of the mandible to the innermost tooth; 2) the base of the clypeus slightly raised, although it is neither carinate nor tuberculate and is not horizontally produced; 3) the frons coarsely punctate while the vertex moderately punctate; 4) the length of flagellomere 1 is 2 × its width; 5) the head behind the eyes strongly convergent; 6) the length of the stigma slightly shorter (~ 0.8 ×) than the length of the marginal cell along the costa; and 7) the paramere in lateral view equally broad throughout its length except for the apex, which narrows to an acute angle, and the paramere is as broad as the cuspis medially (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 1). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5160FFFA1FF09E8E7FAF8FEF8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotypes: A. falciformis falciformis: California, Palm Springs, fall 1932, T. Zschokke (UMIC); A. falciformis furcisterna: Arizona, Tucson, 5 October 1935, O. Bryant (UMIC). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 8 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5160FFFA1FF09E8E7FAF8FEF8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada), northern Mexico. Activity. Males were active in mid-spring (May 09).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5160FFFA1FF09E8E7FAF8FEF8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Acanthophotopsis falciformis were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Nine A. falciformis males were collected on the same night in May at light traps. Eight specimens of A. falciformis were found at the NTS from June through August via hand collecting at incandescent and UV lights, as well as two specimens in pitfall traps (Ferguson 1967, Allred 1973). This species seems to be rare throughout its range.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51600FFA0FF09EA53FED0FBCA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species is recognized by having the following combination of characters: the setae of the dorsum are yellow to orange, the eyes and ocelli are large with the diameter of ocellus being longer than distance between lateral and anteromedian ocelli, the axillae are truncate posterolaterally, the wings are fuscous, orange setae are present on T 2, but are restricted to the apical fringe, S 2 lacks a median pit filled with setae, and an apical fringe of setae is present on the pygidium. FEMALE. The female of this species is recognized by having the following combination of characters: the eyes are enlarged, the dorsum of the head, mesosoma and T 2 are clothed with yellow to orange setae while the setae of T 3 – 6 are black, and the dorsum of the mesosoma is longer than broad.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51600FFA0FF09EA53FED0FBCA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of D. arenivaga: California, Colorado Desert, Coyote Wells, 11 August 1914, J. C. Bradley (CUIC). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 7 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 1 ♀, 17 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 3. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♀, hand collected, 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♀, hand collected, 4. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 8 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, DAT & NFB, 7 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 30. X. 2009, NFB & SDB; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Mesquite site 2: 2 ♀, PT, 4 – 5. VIII. 2008, NFB; Mesquite site 3: 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51600FFA0FF09EA53FED0FBCA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona California and Nevada), Mexico (Baja California, Hidalgo and Sonora).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51600FFA0FF09EA53FED0FBCA.taxon	distribution	Activity. Males were active throughout the summer (late June through early September). Females were collected late in the summer (August through October 0 8, Late July through October 09).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51600FFA0FF09EA53FED0FBCA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dasymutilla arenivaga is closely related to D. nocturna, and, similarly, is active both diurnally and nocturnally (Pitts et al. 2009). Individuals of D. arenivaga were collected significantly more often in sand dune habitats than in non-sand dune habitats (U = 24.5, p = 0.015). Seventy D. arenivaga specimens, 62 males and 8 females, were collected. Males were collected from June through September at light traps and females were collected from July through October via hand collecting, light trapping and pitfall trapping. This species was not found at the NTS.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51601FFA0FF09E9CFFC3AF96C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The males of D. chisos have the head and mesosoma clothed entirely with black setae and the fringe of T 2 and T 3 – 6 with orange setae, the posterior margin of the head is extended medially, the anterior pronotal margin is emarginate medially, there is a medially situated, longitudinally ovate, seta-filled pit on S 2, and the pygidium lacks an apical fringe of setae. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51601FFA0FF09E9CFFC3AF96C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of D. chisos: Texas, Brewster County, Chisos Mountains, 10 – 12 June 1908, Mitchell and Cushman, Cat. No. 40751 (NMNH). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, net collected, 4. VIII. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51601FFA0FF09E9CFFC3AF96C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California, Nevada and Texas). Activity. One male specimen found in August 0 9.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51601FFA0FF09E9CFFC3AF96C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dasymutilla chisos were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. A single D. chisos male was collected during the daytime in August. This species was not found at the NTS. This species is suspected to be a color morph of D. gloriosa based on morphology.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51601FFA3FF09EA26FAB9FB02.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species possesses black integument and the setae of the dorsum concolorous yellow to red, the posterior margin of head is extended medially, the anterior margin of pronotum is emarginate medially, and S 2 has an oval pit filled with setae. FEMALE. The females of D. gloriosa are clothed entirely with white setae, have a thickened transverse carina anterior to the scutellar scale, have the mesosoma longer than broad, and have the pygidium rugose or rugo-striate, lacking raised and separated striae in the basal half.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51601FFA3FF09EA26FAB9FB02.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype of M. gloriosa: Baja California, Saunders (MNHN). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 4: 1 ♀, LT, 24. VI. 09, 1 ♀, hand collected, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♀, PT, 30. X. 2009, NFB & SDB, 1 ♀, PT, 20. XI. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♀, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 1 ♀, net collected, 4. VIII. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Spring meadows site: 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB; Mesquite site 1: 2 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 3 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Mesquite site 3: 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51601FFA3FF09EA26FAB9FB02.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Texas and Utah), Mexico (Baja California Norte, Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora). Activity. No males were collected. Females were collected primarily in late summer and into late autumn (September through October 2008, August through November 2009). In both 2008 and 2009 a single female was collected in late June.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51601FFA3FF09EA26FAB9FB02.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dasymutilla gloriosa were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Nineteen D. gloriosa females were collected from June through November via hand collecting, net collecting and pitfall traps. Seven female D. gloriosa females were found at the NTS from June through September via hand collecting and pitfall trapping (Ferguson 1967, Allred 1973). Pitts et al. (2009) discussed the difficulty in distinguishing this species from other closely related Dasymutilla species. Mickel (1928) stated that a syntype (referenced as the holotype) of D. gloriosa supposedly was in the Paris Museum, but that he was unable to find it. He subsequently (1936) found the only other syntype and designated it as a lectotype (so labeled) in the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Geneva. Manley and Pitts (2007) located and examined both of these specimens and found them to be identical. Manley and Pitts (2007) referenced the specimen in the Paris Museum as the ' holotype', when, in fact, the specimen in the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle should be considered as the true type (lectotype) of this species and that in the Paris Museum is a paralectotype.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51602FFA3FF09E997FA22F869.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. FEMALE. The females are clothed entirely with white setae, have the mesosoma longer than broad, lack or have a weak transverse carina anterior to the scutellar scale, and have raised, separated, longitudinally parallel striae on the basal half of the pygidium. MALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51602FFA3FF09E997FA22F869.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype of S. gloriosa var. pseudopappus: New Mexico, Las Cruces (NMNH). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 3: 1 ♀, hand collected, 3. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 3 ♀, PT, 10. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♀, hand collected, 24. VI. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 1 ♀, PT, 10. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♀, MT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, net collected, 28. V. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51602FFA3FF09E997FA22F869.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Texas), Mexico (Nayarit). Not found in Baja California, Mexico. Activity. Females were found in late spring into early summer (June 0 8, late May through early June 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51602FFA3FF09E997FA22F869.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dasymutilla pseudopappus were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Eight D. pseudopappus females were collected from May to October via net collecting, malaise traps and pitfall traps. Dasymutilla pseudopappus was not found at the NTS, but this is likely due to the difficulty in separating D. pseudopappus from D. gloriosa. We were unable to study these specimens. For this study we have designated a lectotype from the available syntypes. We selected the lectotype from the only specimen available. The label data are as follows [Las Cruces, June 18, Cockerell] [Collection of CF Baker].	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51603FFA2FF09EDF4FE3EFC21.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The females of D. satanas are clothed dorsally with pale yellow to orange setae, the ventral mesosomal setae are black and the setae of S 2 – 5 are concolorous with the dorsal setae, the antennal scrobe is carinate dorsally, the gena is ecarinate and weakly punctate, the mesosoma is longer than broad, the scutellar scale is well defined, and the pygidium is irregularly rugose. FEMALE. The females of D. satanas are clothed dorsally with pale yellow to orange setae, the ventral mesosomal setae are black and the setae of S 2 – 5 are concolorous with the dorsal setae, the antennal scrobe is carinate dorsally, the gena is ecarinate and weakly punctate, the mesosoma is longer than broad, the scutellar scale is well defined, and the pygidium is irregularly rugose.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51603FFA2FF09EDF4FE3EFC21.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of D. satanas: Arizona, Bill Williams Fork, August, F. H. Snow (SEMC). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 4: 1 ♀, hand collected, 7. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 2 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51603FFA2FF09EDF4FE3EFC21.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada), Mexico (Baja California). Activity. No males were collected. Females were found in mid to late summer (September – October 2008, and early July 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51603FFA2FF09EDF4FE3EFC21.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dasymutilla satanas were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Four Dasymutilla satanas females were collected from July through October in pitfall traps and one specimen via hand collection. Forty-six D. satanas specimens were found at the NTS from June through September via hand collecting, ultraviolet light trapping, and pitfall trapping (Ferguson 1967, Allred 1973). Only two of the 46 specimens were male.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51603FFA5FF09E96CFE31FBE1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species can be easily identified by male genitalic characters. The external margin of the cuspis is angulate, with a dorsal carina present at the elbowed region, although the shape of the cuspis and the size of this carina vary to some degree (see Wilson & Pitts 2008: Figs 3 – 11). Also, the mesosternal tubercles are peg-like, a sternal felt line is lacking, and the hypopygidium is flattened and anterolaterally possesses a short longitudinal carina. The coloration of D. concolor is variable; the body coloration ranges from stramineous to castaneous, and many specimens have piceous areas under the tergal felt lines and near the apices of the femora. The mandibles are similar to Acrophotopsis campylognatha illustrated by Pitts et al. (2010 a: Fig. 2). FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by the following unique combination of characters: a distinct basal tooth on ventral margin of mandible and a tooth-like projection at the anterior termination of the dorsal mandibular carina, the first metasomal segment is petiolate with the second, the second metasomal tergite lacks rasp-like tubercles between the integumental punctures anteriorly, and the pygidium is laterally defined by carinae with granulate sculpturing. The coloration and setal pattern is diagnostic.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51603FFA5FF09E96CFE31FBE1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotypes: M. concolor: " Colorado " (ANSP); O. alamonis: New Mexico, Alamogordo, 15 May 1902 (ANSP); O. crassus: British Colombia, Oliver, 24 July 1923, E. R. Buckell, type no. 754 (CNCI); D. concolor laredo: Texas, Winterhaven, 9 April 1935, S. E. Jones (UMSP); D. concolor utahensis: Utah, Delle, 16 July 1927, J. C. Bradley (CUIC). Lectotype of M. pygmaea Blake: " Bowlder, Colorado " (ANSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 3 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 12 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 3 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 11 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 8 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 2 ♂, LT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 4 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 3 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 9 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 5. V. 2008, DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51603FFA5FF09E96CFE31FBE1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas, Washington, Wyoming and Utah), Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Jalisco, Tamaulipas and Zacatecas), Canada (British Colombia). Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through late summer (May through September). No females were collected.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51603FFA5FF09E96CFE31FBE1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dilophotopsis concolor were uniformly distributed across sand dune and non-sand dune habitats (U = 16, p> 0.2). One hundred fifty-six D. concolor males were collected from May through September at light traps. Only one D. concolor specimen was found at the NTS (Ferguson 1967). This genus was reviewed by Wilson and Pitts (2008), where they discovered that this species is morphologically and molecularly distinct from the other three subspecies, and raised it to the species level from the subspecies level. The female of this species was described by Pitts et al. 2007. For this study we have designated a lectotype from the available syntypes. The lectotype was selected based on having extruded genitalia and the quality of the specimen. The label data are as follows [Bowlder] [Col.] [Type no. 4616] [pygmea. Bl.].	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51605FFA7FF09E957FE1DFF49.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species is quite similar to the previous species from which it can be differentiated only by genitalic characters. The cuspis is dorsoventrally flattened and the cuspis elbowed, but lacks a dorsal carina in this region (see Wilson & Pitts 2008: Figs 12 – 14). The mandibles are similar to Acrophotopsis campylognatha illustrated by Pitts et al. (2010 a: Fig. 2). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51605FFA7FF09E957FE1DFF49.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype of S. paron: Mexico, Northern Sonora (BMNH). Holotype of D. concolor sonorensis: Arizona, Gila Bend, 24 Apr 1935, F. H. Parker (UMSP). Other material: Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 3 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 5 ♂, LT, 5. V. 2008, DAT, 7 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, 2 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51605FFA7FF09E957FE1DFF49.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada), Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur and Sonora). Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through the summer (May through August).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51605FFA7FF09E957FE1DFF49.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Dilophotopsis paron were uniformly distributed across sand dune and non-sand dune habitats (U = 21.5, p> 0.05). Forty-seven D. paron males were collected from May through August at light traps. Only three D. paron specimens were found at the NTS (Ferguson 1967). This genus was reviewed by Wilson and Pitts (2008), where they discovered that this species is morphologically and molecularly distinct from the other three subspecies, and raised it to the species level from the subspecies level. For this study we have designated a lectotype from the available syntypes. We selected the lectotype from the only specimen available.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51606FFA7FF09EC44FD3EFAF1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is recognized by having the following combination of characters: the mandible excised ventrally forming an angle, but does not taper towards the apex, the apex of the mandible is slightly dilated (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 3), the mesosternum has a pair of large distinct spines that have a posterior face that is longitudinally sulcate and have an apex that is bifid, the metasternum is bidentate, and the pygidium is granulate, but not defined laterally by carinae. Genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 2. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51606FFA7FF09EC44FD3EFAF1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype of O. acmaeus: Arizona, Type no. 6994 (NMNH). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 7 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 43 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 6 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 7 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT; Sand dune site 4: 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 9 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 5 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 10 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, 3 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51606FFA7FF09EC44FD3EFAF1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada), Mexico (Sonora). Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through early summer (May through July).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51606FFA7FF09EC44FD3EFAF1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis acmaea were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 20, p = 0.2). One hundred thirty O. acmaea males were collected from May through early September at light traps. Odontophotopsis acmaea was not found at the NTS. Pitts et al. (2009) discuss the confusion caused by Schuster (1958) concerning this species. For this study we have designated a lectotype from the available syntypes. We selected the lectotype from the only specimen available. The label data are as follows [Ariz 2304] [♂ Type no. 6994 USNM]. The genitalia are extracted and in a vial beneath the specimen.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51606FFA6FF09E8DCFF45FEA2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be recognized by the presence of mesosternal processes, a deeply emarginate, tridentate, mandible that is slightly oblique apically (Fig. 12 and Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 4), and a distinct tubercle located medially on the posterior margin of the clypeus, while usually lacking a sternal felt line. In many of the specimens from Deep Canyon and other areas a trace of a sternal felt line is present, but it is defined by little more than a small cluster of micropunctures. Genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 3. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51606FFA6FF09E8DCFF45FEA2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Neotype of O. armata: California, Riverside County, Deep Canyon, 15 ♂, 23 – 24 May 2007, Wilson, Williams and Pitts (EMUS). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51606FFA6FF09E8DCFF45FEA2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California and Nevada), Mexico (Baja California). Activity. Male found in mid-summer (late July 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51606FFA6FF09E8DCFF45FEA2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis armata were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Only one O. armata male was collected in July at a light trap. Fifty-two male specimens of O. armata were found at the NTS via light trapping (Ferguson 1967). This species can be sometimes confused with O. serca, from which it only can be separated by the presence of the clypeal tubercle. This species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2010 a).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09ECF7FC6BFC5C.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: California, Taft (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09ECF7FC6BFC5C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is recognized by having the following combination of characters: the mandible is excised ventrally forming an angle and tapering towards the apex (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 43), the mesosternum only has one pair of distinct spines, the metasternum is bidentate, and the pygidium is granulate, but is not defined laterally by carinae. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 9). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09ECF7FC6BFC5C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. aufidia: California, Taft, 12 Jun 1942, W. C. Cook (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09ECF7FC6BFC5C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California and Nevada).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09ECF7FC6BFC5C.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active in early summer (late May 2010).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09ECF7FC6BFC5C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis aufidia were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Four O. aufidia males were collected in May via light trapping. Odontophotopsis aufidia was not found at the NTS. The taxonomy of this species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09E976FF5BF838.taxon	description	(Fig. 4)	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09E976FF5BF838.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Arizona, Pima County, Cortaro (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09E976FF5BF838.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is differentiated by having the mandible tridentate with a large basal tooth on the ventral margin (Mickel & Clausen 1983: Fig. 17) and by the pygidium being defined laterally by carinae and having distinctly granulate sculpturing. Also this species has a mesosternal process that is bifid apically (Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 106, Mickel & Clausen 1983: Fig. 25). The genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 4 and by Mickel and Clausen (1983: Fig. 4). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09E976FF5BF838.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. bellona: Arizona, Pima County, Cortaro, 2100 ft, 5 Jun 1969, J. Burger (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 6 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT; Sand dune site 1: 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 10. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP; Non-dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 11. V. 2008, 2 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09E976FF5BF838.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09E976FF5BF838.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through early summer (May through July).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51607FFA6FF09E976FF5BF838.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis bellona were uniformly distributed across sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 19, p> 0.2). Thirty-three O. bellona males were collected from May through September at light traps. Odontophotopsis bellona was not found at the NTS. This species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51618FFB9FF09EDF4FAC6FCD2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is diagnosed by having a tridentate mandible with an extremely large dorsal tooth that is separated from the lower portion of the mandibular apex by a deep, wide sinus, which makes the mandibular apices appear biramose (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 29), and by the clypeus, which has a horseshoe-shaped tubercle posteromedially that overhangs the clypeus as a slight hood-like or nasutiform process. Also, this species has a single mesosternal process on each side of the midline, and has the cuspis being approximately half the free length of the paramere (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 10). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51618FFB9FF09EDF4FAC6FCD2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. biramosa: California, Imperial County, Holtville, 2 Jul 1929, P. W. Owens (NMNH). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51618FFB9FF09EDF4FAC6FCD2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada). Activity. Males were active in late summer and mid-autumn (late July and late September).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51618FFB9FF09EDF4FAC6FCD2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis biramosa were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Three O. biramosa males were collected in July and September via light trapping. Odontophotopsis biramosa was not found at the NTS. A more thorough taxonomic discussion of this species can be found in Pitts (2007). This species is currently placed in the O. setifera species-group, but Pitts et al. (2010 b) found them to not be closely related.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51618FFB8FF09EEC7FCE7FC5A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species has a head that is rounded posteriorly, deeply excised mandibles that are slightly dilated apically (Fig. 13 and Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 8), has a transverse clypeus that is slightly depressed below mandibular margins, but lacks a tubercle situated posteromedially on the clypeus, has a pair of denticulate mesosternal processes situated anteromedially, has a shiny glabrous pygidium and the metasoma is usually castaneous, at least around the felt lines. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 11. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51618FFB8FF09EEC7FCE7FC5A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. clypeata: Arizona, Tucson, 26 Aug 1939, O. Bryant (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 22 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 20 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 6 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 24 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 31 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 12 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 18 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 37 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 23 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 39 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 22 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 16 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 16 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 3. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 44 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, MT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 34 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 53 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 21 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 76 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 27 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, PT, 3. X. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 13 ♂, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 7 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB, 1 ♂, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 4 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 93 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, MT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 19 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 58 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 12 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 122 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 47 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 33 ♂, LT, 2 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 30 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 29 – 31. X. 2009, NFB & SDB; Sand dune site 2: 4 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 44 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, MT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 30 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 12 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 18 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 60 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, MT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 21 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 26 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 2 ♂, PT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 18 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, PT, 5 – 6. VIII. 2008, 1 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 15 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 58 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 52 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 247 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 17 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 38 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 67 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 2 ♂, PT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 113 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 10 ♂, LT, 10. VII. 2008, 5 ♂, LT, 24. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 42 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 33 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 4. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 4 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 11 ♂, LT, 22 – 24. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 3 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 14 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 19 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 31 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 66 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 10 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 23 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 47 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 29 – 31. X. 2009, NFB & SDB; Copeland site: 10 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, 5 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, 21 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, PT, 24 – 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB & SDB; Wash site: 4 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51618FFB8FF09EEC7FCE7FC5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada). Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through mid-autumn (May through October).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51618FFB8FF09EEC7FCE7FC5A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis clypeata were uniformly distributed across sand dune and non-sand dune habitats (U = 15, p> 0.2). Two thousand three hundred seventy-five O. clypeata males were collected from May to October at light traps, pitfall traps and malaise traps. This Was the most commonly collected species (Table 1). Fourteen O. clypeata specimens were found at the NTS from July to September via light and pitfall traps (Ferguson 1967). This species is widespread and common in many parts of its range, and its taxonomy is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009). This species is easily confused with O. microdonta. However, mandibular morphology and placement of the mesosternal tubercles differ (Ferguson 1967).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51619FFBBFF09E97FFDABFD3A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is recognized by having the following combination of characters: the mandible is excised ventrally forming a slight tooth that is dilated towards the apex (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 32), the mesosternum only has one pair of large distinct spines that are flattened to slightly concave on the posterior side, the metasternum is tridentate, the second sternum of the metasoma lacks a felt line, and the pygidium is granulate and is defined laterally by carinae. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 12). FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by dense appressed setae present on the dorsum that obscures the integumental sculpture and are distinctly plumose at the base of the setal shaft becoming simple apically. Also the ventral margin of the mandible has a distinct angulation, flagellomere 1 is much longer than flagellomere 2, the mesosoma is hexagonal in dorsal view, the first segment of the metasoma is sessile with the second, and the second metasomal segment is of normal length being ~ 1 × as long as anterior width or just slightly greater.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51619FFBBFF09E97FFDABFD3A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of Ph. inconspicuus: California (ANSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, Collectors, 6 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, Collectors, 3 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 32 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 56 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 17 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 23 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 14 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 39 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 18 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 27 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 22 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 21 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 17 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 21 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 15 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 14 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 2 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 32 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 34 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 21 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 22 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51619FFBBFF09E97FFDABFD3A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada). Activity. Males were active from late-spring through mid-autumn (June through mid-October). No females were collected.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51619FFBBFF09E97FFDABFD3A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis inconspicua were uniformly distributed across sand dune and non-sand dune habitats (U = 13, p> 0.2). Five hundred sixty-seven O. inconspicua males were collected from May through October at light traps. Twenty-seven O. bellona males were found at the NTS (Ferguson 1967). Pitts et al. (2009) recently associated the sexes using distributional and morphological data. Further taxonomic description of this species can also be found in Pitts et al. (2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161AFFBBFF09EF9FFC6BF82C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be easily recognized by the distinct mesosternal processes, which are made up of large glabrous longitudinal swellings located on either side of the midline. Genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 5 with the paramere having a characteristic bend at approximately 2 / 3 the free length from the base, and the mandibles can be viewed in Pitts et al. (2010 a: Fig. 10). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161AFFBBFF09EF9FFC6BF82C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. mamata: Arizona, Ehrenberg, 12 June 1935, F. H. Parker (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 19 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 58 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 19 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 14 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 6 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 12 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 23 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 11 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 5 ♂, LT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP; Non-dune site 5: 4 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 23. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 4 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 12 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161AFFBBFF09EF9FFC6BF82C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada). Activity. Males were active from late spring through mid-autumn (late May through mid-October).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161AFFBBFF09EF9FFC6BF82C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis mamata were collected significantly more often in non-sand dune habitats than in sand dune habitats (U = 25, p = 0.01). Three hundred three O. mamata males were collected from May through October at light and pitfall traps. One hundred fifty-one O. mamata males were found at the NTS from June through September via light trapping, pitfall trapping and net collecting (Ferguson 1967, Allred 1973). The taxonomy of this species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161BFFBDFF09EDF4FE4EFD51.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species has a head that is quadrate posteriorly, deeply excised mandibles that are distinctly dilated apically (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 33), lacks a tubercle situated posteromedially on the clypeus, has a pair of denticulate mesosternal processes, and has a shiny glabrous pygidium. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 13). FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by having dense appressed setae on the dorsum that obscures the integumental sculpture and are distinctly plumose at the base of the setal shaft becoming simple apically. Also the ventral margin of the mandible is excised and has a rounded tooth, flagellomere 1 is longer than flagellomere 2, the lateral margins of the posterior half of the mesosoma are parallel in dorsal view, the first segment of the metasoma is petiolate with the second, the second metasomal segment is of normal length being ~ 1 × as long as anterior width or just slightly greater, and the pygidium is strongly striate.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161BFFBDFF09EDF4FE4EFD51.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotypes: A. melicausa: Texas, Belfrage (ANSP); O. mellicornis: Nevada, Ormsby County, (CUIC). Lectotype of M. brevicornis: Texas, Type no. 4681 (ANSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 17 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 10 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 3. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 3 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♀, PT, 9. VII. 2008, 3 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 12 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 3. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 4 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 3 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 8 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 10 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 18 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 5 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 3 ♀, PT, 9. VII. 2008, 2 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 23 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 10 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 5 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 4 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 26 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 3 ♂, PT, 4. IX. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 20 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 5 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 18 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 54 ♂, LT, 2 ♂, MT, 6 – 9. VII. 2009, 45 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 6. VIII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 17 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♀, PT, 12 ♂, LT, 24 – 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 6 ♂, LT, 10. VII. 2008, 2 ♂, LT, 24. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 5 – 6. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 26 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 12 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 9 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB, 9 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 20 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 19 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 24 – 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB; Spring meadows site: 7 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, PT, 9. VII. 2008, 2 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB; Mesquite site 1: 6 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 3 ♀, PT, 9. VII. 2008, 2 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 3 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 3 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Mesquite site 2: 10 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & SDB, 3 ♀, PT, 9. VII. 2008, 4 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 6 ♀, 3 ♂, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Mesquite site 3: 7 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♀, PT, 9. VII. 2008, 3 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 11 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 9 ♀, 3 ♂, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161BFFBDFF09EDF4FE4EFD51.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas and Utah), Mexico, Canada (British Colombia). Activity. Males were active from late spring through mid-autumn (late May through mid-October). Females were collected throughout the summer (late June through October 2008 and September 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161BFFBDFF09EDF4FE4EFD51.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis melicausa were collected significantly more often in sand dune habitats than in non-sand dune habitats (U = 23, p = 0.05). This is an interesting result given that this species is commonly found throughout the Southwest as far east as Arkansas and as far north as Canada. Presumably, it is not restricted to dunes in these other areas. Five hundred eighty-eight male and one hundred sixty-six female O. melicausa were collected throughout the course of this study. Males were collected from May through October at light traps and females were collected from June through October in pitfall traps. Thirty-two O. melicausa males were found at the NTS (Ferguson 1967). The taxonomy of this species is discussed in further detail in Pitts et al. (2009). For this study we have designated a lectotype from the available syntypes. The lectotype was selected based on the quality of the specimen. The label data are as follows [TEX.] [Type no. 4681] [M. brevicornis Fox] [Odontophotopsis (Odontophotopsis) melicausa ssp. melicausa (Blake) ♂ Det. C. E. Mickel 1975]. The genitalia are extruded and clearly visible.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161CFFBDFF09EE71FE48F940.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species has a head that is rounded posteriorly, deeply excised mandibles that are slightly dilated apically (Fig. 14), has a transverse clypeus that is slightly depressed below mandibular margins, but lacks a tubercle situated posteromedially on the clypeus, has a pair of denticulate mesosternal processes situated more laterally and posteriorly than in O. clypeata, has a shiny glabrous pygidium and the metasoma is usually castaneous, at least around the felt lines. Genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 6. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161CFFBDFF09EE71FE48F940.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. microdonta: Nevada, Nye County, 5 mi. NNW Mercury, 25 Aug 1964, W. E. Ferguson (NMNH). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 17 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, PT, 23. VII. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 23. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 11 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161CFFBDFF09EE71FE48F940.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California and Nevada). Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through mid-autumn (May through mid-October).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161CFFBDFF09EE71FE48F940.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis microdonta were collected significantly more often in non-sand dune habitats than in sand dune habitats (U = 24, p = 0.02). One hundred and nineteen O. microdonta males were collected from May through October at light and pitfall traps. One hundred twelve O. microdonta males were found at the NTS via light and pitfall traps (Ferguson 1967). This species was first described by Ferguson (1967) from the NTS and is most abundant in the Mojave Desert.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161CFFBCFF09EA52FB4FFCE2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species possesses the following combination of characters: the mandible is excised ventrally forming an angle, but does not taper towards the apex (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 35), the mesosternum has only one pair of large distinct spines that have a posterior face that is longitudinally sulcate, the metasternum is bidentate, and the pygidium is granulate and is defined laterally by carinae. The genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Figs 16, 17). FEMALE. The female of this species can be recognized by the ventral margin of the mandible having a distinct angulation (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 35), flagellomere 1 being only slightly longer than flagellomere 2, the lateral margins of the posterior half of the mesosoma being parallel in dorsal view, the first segment of the metasoma being sessile with the second, the second metasomal segment being of normal length, ~ 1 × as long as anterior width or just slightly greater, the pygidium being longitudinally striate, and by the dense appressed setae present on the dorsum that obscure the integumental sculpture and are distinctly plumose at the base of the setal shaft becoming simple apically.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161CFFBCFF09EA52FB4FFCE2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. parva: Arizona, Arlington, 17 June 1919, A. Wetmore (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Sand dune site 1: 2 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, DAT, NFB & JPP; Sand dune site 4: 1 ♀, PT, 5 – 6. VIII. 2008, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♀, PT, 5 – 6. VIII. 2008, NFB, 2 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Mesquite site 1: 1 ♀, PT, 5 – 6. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 2. IX. 2008, NFB, 2 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Mesquite site 3: 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161CFFBCFF09EA52FB4FFCE2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada). Activity. No males were collected. Females were collected throughout the summer (late June through October 2008).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161CFFBCFF09EA52FB4FFCE2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis parva were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Eleven O. parva females were collected throughout the course of this study. These could be the females of O. acmaea, O. aufidia, or O. mamata, which could account for the reason no males were collected. The specimens were collected from August through October via pitfall trapping. Odontophotopsis parva was not found at the NTS.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBCFF09EEB7FD36F944.taxon	description	(Figs 7, 15)	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBCFF09EEB7FD36F944.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: California, Needles (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBCFF09EEB7FD36F944.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be recognized by the slender mandibles that are narrowed medially by a broad, shallow emargination, and lack a ventral tooth (Fig. 15). Additionally, the tuberculate anterior margin of the clypeus, the presence of a pair of small, widely spaced tubercles on the mesosternum, and paucity of plumose hairs distinguish this species from other species. Genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 7. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBCFF09EEB7FD36F944.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. piute: California, Needles, 900 ft, 22 June 1931, H. A. Scullen (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP; Sand dune site 4: 11 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 12 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, MT, 12 – 15. V. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 5 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP; Nondune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBCFF09EEB7FD36F944.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California and Nevada).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBCFF09EEB7FD36F944.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through mid-summer (May through July).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBCFF09EEB7FD36F944.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis piute were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 18, p> 0.2). Fifty-two O. piute males were collected from May through July at light traps. Four O. piute males were found at the NTS in June and July, but were not published in Ferguson (1967) or allred (1973), because it remained undescribed until Mickel & Clausen (1983).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBFFF09EA4EFF41FD72.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species can easily be recognized by having the marginal cell much shorter than the stigma as measured along the costal vein, and two pair of mesosternal processes forming a square, with the anterior pair much more obvious than the posterior pair. Also, the mandibles are deeply emarginate along the ventral margin, but the mandible narrows towards the apex (see Pitts 2007: Fig. 67). Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 18). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBFFF09EA4EFF41FD72.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Neotype of O. quadrispinosa: California, Palm Springs, 1 May 1933, at light, Theo. Zschokke (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 26 - 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 - 25. VI. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBFFF09EA4EFF41FD72.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada). Activity. Males were active in late spring (late May through June).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161DFFBFFF09EA4EFF41FD72.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis quadrispinosa were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Four O. quadrispinosa males were collected in May and June at light traps. Thirty-five O. quadrispinosa males were found at the NTS via light traps, mammal trap and berlese funnel (Ferguson 1967). This species is rare throughout its range and the taxonomy of this species is discussed in Pitts et al. (2009). This species can be difficult to identify, because the mesosternal processes are weak and sometimes difficult to observe. As such, this species could be confused as a species of Sphaeropthalma Blake, 1871, but the genitalia are distinct.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161EFFBFFF09EE27FA20F90C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be recognized by the lack of a clypeal tubercle, by having deeply excised mandibles with a vertical apex (Fig. 8), by having simple but prominent mesosternal processes, and by lacking a sternal felt line. Genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 16. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161EFFBFFF09EE27FA20F90C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. sercus: Mexico, Lower California, type no. 4979 (ANSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 5 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 4 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161EFFBFFF09EE27FA20F90C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada), Mexico (Baja California). Activity. Males were active throughout the summer and into mid-autumn (June through mid-October).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161EFFBFFF09EE27FA20F90C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis serca were collected significantly more often in non-sand dune habitats than in sand dune habitats (U = 24, p = 0.02). Thirty-seven O. serca males were collected from May through October at light traps. Sixteen O. microdonta males were found at the NTS via light and mammal traps (Ferguson 1967). Odontophotopsis serca unlike O. armata lacks a felt line on the second metasomal sternite and can be easily confused with this species. The clypeal tubercle, however, is distinct in O. armata. This species, along with O. melicausa, has a tendency to develop a slight secondary mesosternal tubercle posterior to the primary one. Sometimes this can be unilateral (Ferguson 1967). The taxonomy is discussed in more detail in Pitts et al. (2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161EFFBEFF09EB86FCF2FDA1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be recognized by its unique mandibular morphology. The mandible has the apex vertical and has four teeth with the dorsal tooth separated from the remaining teeth by a deep sinus (Fig. 17). Other potentially useful characters are listed in Pitts (2007) and Pitts et al. (2009). Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts (2007: Figs 30, 31). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161EFFBEFF09EB86FCF2FDA1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of O. setifera: California, Riverside County, Palms to Pines Highway, 28 May 1940, R. M. Bohart (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161EFFBEFF09EB86FCF2FDA1.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada), Mexico (Baja California). Activity. Males were active throughout the summer (June through August).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161EFFBEFF09EB86FCF2FDA1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis setifera were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Seven O. setifera males were collected from June through August at light traps. Two O. setifera males were found at the NTS in July via light trapping (Ferguson 1967, Allred 1973).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFBEFF09EFECFD3AF9D4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be recognized by the lack of a tooth on the ventral margin of the mandible, the mandibular apex is tridentate and oblique (see Pitts 2007: Fig. 32), and by the clypeus being elongate and projecting over the dorsal margins of the mandibles. Also, this species lacks mesosternal armature, even though it is placed in the genus Odontophotopsis. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Figs 20, 21). FEMALE. Unknown, but will possibly be similar to the females of the O. melicausa species-group based on male morphology.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFBEFF09EFECFD3AF9D4.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of S. sonora: Arizona, Tucson, 10 Sep 1935. Bryant (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 4: 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 7 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 4 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 19 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 10 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 21 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, NFB; Spring meadows site: 1 ♂, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, PT, 24. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 3 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFBEFF09EFECFD3AF9D4.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah). Activity. Males were active from late spring through late summer (late May through early September).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFBEFF09EFECFD3AF9D4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Odontophotopsis sonora were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 18, p> 0.2). One hundred six O. sonora males were collected from late May through early September at light traps. One hundred thirty-six O. sonora males were found at the NTS from June to August via pan trapping, light trapping and net collecting (Ferguson 1967, Allred 1973).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFB1FF09EBFEFC9CFB92.taxon	materials_examined	3. Lectotype (designated here): Nevada (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFB1FF09EBFEFC9CFB92.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: California (CUIC).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFB1FF09EBFEFC9CFB92.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Clairmont, California (CUIC).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFB1FF09EBFEFC9CFB92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species can be recognized by having the mandible with a somewhat tapered apex and with the dorsal carina becoming obsolete distally such that the distal portion of mandible is oblique (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 15). Also, the marginal cell length is short being 0.5 – 0.9 × length of stigma, and this species lacks a sternal felt line. In addition to the mandibular morphology, the genitalia are diagnostic. The cuspis is elongate (0.7 – 0.8 × free length of paramere) and is dilated towards its apex and has the ventral portion, especially at the apex and inner margin, clothed with long dense setae that have their apices plumose. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2010 a: Fig. 52). FEMALE. The female of this species can be recognized by the following characters: the dorsum lacks dense appressed setae obscuring the integumental sculpture, the first segment of the metasoma is sessile with the second segment, the antennal scrobes have dorsal carinae, the mandible has a slightly developed ventral basal tooth and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, flagellomere 1 is almost 2 × as long as the pedicel, the legs are concolorous with mesosoma, or at most slightly darker or lighter than mesosoma, the propodeum length in lateral view is subequal to 0.5 × maximum height, the metasomal segments have sparse to dense plumose pubescence apically, the apical metasomal segments are concolorous with the basal segments, T 2 is coarsely confluently punctate laterally and on basal ~ 0.66, apical ~ 0.33 with sparse indiscernible punctures, the pygidium undefined laterally by carinae, and plumose setae are present on the metasomal fringes.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFB1FF09EBFEFC9CFB92.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype of M. amphion: Nevada, Type no. 4654 (ANSP). Holotypes: Ph. abstrusa: California (CUIC); Ph. nudata: Clairmont, California (CUIC). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 29 – 31. X. 2009, NFB & SDB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFB1FF09EBFEFC9CFB92.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah), Mexico (Baja California).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFB1FF09EBFEFC9CFB92.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. One male was collected in late October 2009. No females were collected.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5161FFFB1FF09EBFEFC9CFB92.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma amphion were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Only one S. amphion male was collected in late October at a light trap. Ten S. amphion males were found at the NTS in August at light traps and a mammal trap (Ferguson 1967). This species is widespread throughout much of the western United States (Pitts et al. 2004). Host data and taxonomy for this species is presented in Pitts et al. (2004). For this study we have designated a lectotype from the available syntypes. We selected the lectotype from the only specimen available. The label data are as follows [Nev.] [Type no. 4654] [M. amphion Fox]. The metasoma is broken off, but is still with pinned portion of the specimen.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51610FFB0FF09E907FAC1FEF9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species can be recognized by having mandibles that are weakly excised ventrally with a distinct angulate basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique, but most importantly the dorsal carina of the mandible is angulate at the midpoint of the mandible coinciding with the ventral tooth (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 54), the posterior margin of the head is quadrate, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternite has a distinct felt line, and the pygidium is granulate. The genitalia also help to diagnose this species; the cuspis is a uniform diameter from the base to the apex (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 53). FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: the dorsum of the body is covered with moderately dense erect pale golden brachyplumose setae that do not obscure the integument; the ventral margin of the mandible has a slight excision followed by a distinct angulate tooth and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina; the head below the eyes widens towards the mandibular insertions; the first metasomal segment is sessile with the second; the pygidium is granulate; and the apical margins of the tergites have dense fringes of white plumose setae.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51610FFB0FF09E907FAC1FEF9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of S. angulifera: California, Kern County, Bakersfield (CASC). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 5: 1 ♀, PT, 8. VII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT; Copeland site: 1 ♀, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP; Mesquite site 1: 1 ♀, PT, 8. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT; Mesquite site 2: 1 ♀, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51610FFB0FF09E907FAC1FEF9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (California and Nevada). Activity. No males were collected. Females were collected in early through mid-summer (late June through July 2008).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51610FFB0FF09E907FAC1FEF9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma angulifera were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Five S. angulifera females were collected from late June through July in pitfall traps. Nine female and twelve male S. angulifera were found at the NTS via pitfall traps (Ferguson 1967, Allred 1973). Female were found from May through July and males were found from late June through early September.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	materials_examined	♀. Holotype: California, San Diego (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Nevada (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: California, San Diego County, La Jolla (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Baja California, Purissima (NMNH).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: lost.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Arizona, S. Carlos (CUIC).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is easily recognized by the weak excision and slight angulate tooth on the ventral margin of the mandible (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 102), the apex of the mandible is oblique, the clypeus being carinate at base, but sometimes delicately so or gibbous, the lack of mesosternal processes or a sternal felt line, and the ventral margin of the paramere having dense setae that are directed inward toward the cuspis (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 100). FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by the following combination characters: the mandible has only a weak angulate basal tooth on the ventral margin and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina (Fig. 40 and Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 40), the mesosoma and second tergite of the metasoma is covered in brachyplumose orange setae surrounded by white setae along the margins (see Pitts et al. 2009: Figs 97, 98), the dorsum lacks dense appressed setae obscuring the integumental sculpture, the metasoma is petiolate, and the pygidium is granulate.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotypes: M. arota: California, San Diego, G. R. Crotch, Type no. 1873 (UMSP); M. helicaon: Nevada, Type no. 4642 (UMSP); Ph. lingulatus: California, San Diego County, La Jolla (UMSP); S. carinata: Baja California, Purissima (NMNH); S. helicaon diegueno: Arizona, S. Carlos, 12 - 13 May 1918, J. Ch. Bradley (CUIC). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 4 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 5 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 29. V. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 5 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, PT, 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB, 15 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 11 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 23. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 9 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 7 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 12 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 4 ♂, LT, 5. V. 2008, DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, 8 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, 5 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT; Wash site: 13 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico and Texas), Mexico (Baja California).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active from mid-spring though mid-autumn (May through mid-October). No females were collected.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51611FFB3FF09ECD4FD15FE69.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma arota were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 16, p> 0.2). Two hundred twelve S. arota males were collected from May through October in light and pitfall traps. Only one S. arota male was found at the NTS in June via light trapping (Ferguson 1967). Wilson et al. (2010) performed a phylogenetic analysis of this species. The study concluded that S. arota is composed of four genetically distinct species that cannot be distinguished morphologically based on current methods and suggested that the members of this group be identified as the S. arota species-complex. It is likely from this study that only one of the species occurs at AMNWR. Wilson et al. (2010) also used this species for a biogeographical study. They found that major diversification events in this species complex were linked to late Neogene mountain building and aridification events, specifically the uplift of the mountain ranges in southern California and the expansion of the Bouse Sea.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB3FF09EF24FE0CF893.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is recognized by the deeply excised mandible with the tooth forming an oblique angle (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 45), the lack of mesosternal processes, the marginal cell shorter than the stigma, the first segment of the metasoma petiolate with the second segment, and the genitalia with a short cylindrical cuspis (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 2). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB3FF09EF24FE0CF893.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of S. becki: Nevada, Nye County, Hillside, 0.85 mi NNW Mercury, 23 Aug 1964, W. E. Ferguson (NMNH). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 7. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 10 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 19 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 4. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 9 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 5 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 11 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 8 ♂, LT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB, 1 ♂, PT, 19. XII. 2008, NFB & SDB, 99 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 15 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 26 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 10 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 60 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 2 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 35 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, MT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, MT, 6 – 9. VII. 2009, 10 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 7 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP 2 ♂, LT, 23. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 6 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 4 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 6 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 15 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 8. VIII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, NFB & DAT; Spring meadows site: 1 ♂, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB3FF09EF24FE0CF893.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada). Activity. Males were active from late spring throughout the summer (June through September).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB3FF09EF24FE0CF893.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma becki were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 13.5, p> 0.2). Four hundred eighty-eight S. becki males were collected from late May through September via light, pitfall and malaise trapping. Eighteen S. becki males were found at the NTS from July through August via light and pitfall trapping (Ferguson 1967).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB2FF09EA01FE18F9D6.taxon	materials_examined	3. Lectotype (designated by Ferguson 1967): Baja California, San Jose del Cabo (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB2FF09EA01FE18F9D6.taxon	materials_examined	3. Lectotype (designated by Ferguson 1967): Calmili Mines (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB2FF09EA01FE18F9D6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is easily recognized by the posterior margin of the head being quadrate, by the weakly excised mandible that is dilated apically (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 37), by the large stigma that is slightly longer than the marginal cell, by the denticles on the internal margin of the hind coxa, by the lack of mesosternal processes, by the quadrate pygidium, and by the lobate dorsoventrally flattened condition of the cuspis, which has long setae along the internal margin that coalesce apically (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 23). FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by the following combination characters: the dorsum of the body is covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured, the ventral margin of the mandible lacks an excision and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, the head below eyes is parallel, the head evenly rounded in lateral view, the first metasoma segment is sessile with the second segment and the pygidium is granulate.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB2FF09EA01FE18F9D6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype of Ph. blakeii: Baja California, San Jose del Cabo (ANSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 7 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, PT, 10. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 2 – 4. X. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♀, PT, 7 – 8. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♀, PT, 15 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 14 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 29 – 31. X. 2009, NFB & SDB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 15. V. 2008, 6 ♂, LT, 29 – 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 2 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB, 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 18. IV. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 24 – 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 3 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 6 ♂, LT, 5. V. 2008, DAT, 19 ♂, LT, 14 – 15. V. 2008, 4 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP; Wash site: 15 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB2FF09EA01FE18F9D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and Utah), Mexico.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB2FF09EA01FE18F9D6.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active from early spring through mid-autumn (mid-April through late June through October). Females were collected from mid to late summer in 2008 and mid-spring to early summer in 2009 (July through August 2008, May through early June 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51612FFB2FF09EA01FE18F9D6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma blakeii were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 19, p> 0.2). Five female and 189 male S. blakeii were collected throughout the course of this study. The females were collected from May through early August in pitfall traps, and the males were collected from mid-April through October via light and pitfall trapping. Five S. blakeii males were found at the NTS in June and October via light and pitfall trapping (Ferguson 1967, Allred 1973). Pitts et al. (2009) recently associated the sexes of this species and discussed the taxonomy.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51613FFB4FF09EBF2FC39FF4E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is recognized by the deeply excised vertical mandible with the tooth forming an acute angle (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 38), the lack of mesosternal processes, the marginal cell shorter than the stigma, the first segment of the metasoma petiolate with the second segment and densely punctate, the second sternite with an anteromedial tumid region, and the genitalia with a long cylindrical cuspis that is setose ventrally with the apex having longer denser setae and parameres with dense setae located medially, but internally directed, along the internal margin (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 3). FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by the following combination characters: the dorsum of the body is covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured, the ventral margin of the mandible with a deep excision subtended by a large rounded tooth and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, the head below eyes is parallel, the head evenly rounded in lateral view, the first metasoma segment is petiolate with the second segment and the pygidium is striate to granulate.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51613FFB4FF09EBF2FC39FF4E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of Ph. difficilis: California Claremont (CUIC). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 8 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 15 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 10 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, PT, 4. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, PT, 23. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 15 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 8 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 8 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 11 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, LT, 18. IV. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 6 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & SDB, 16 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, PT, 6. VIII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♀, 2 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, 8 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 10 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 13 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 29 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 1 ♂, LT, 28. IV. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 3. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 6 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 12 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 15 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♂, LT, 10. VII. 2008, 5 ♂, LT, 24. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 17 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 5 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 19 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 17 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 4. IX. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, PT, 30. X. 2009, NFB & SDB; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♀, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 3 ♂, LT, 23. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 10 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 6 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 15 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 17 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 5. V. 2008, DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB; Spring meadows site: 1 ♂, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, PT, 10. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB; Mesquite site 1: 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51613FFB4FF09EBF2FC39FF4E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Washington and Wyoming), Mexico (Baja California), Canada (British Colombia). Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through mid-autumn (May through October). Females were collected in late summer (July and August through September 2008).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51613FFB4FF09EBF2FC39FF4E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma difficilis were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 18, p> 0.2). Twelve female and 522 male S. difficilis were collected throughout the course of this study. The females were collected from late June through early September in pitfall traps, and the males were collected from mid-April through October via light and pitfall trapping. Five S. difficilis males were found at the NTS in June and October via light and pitfall trapping (Ferguson 1967). Wilson and Pitts (2010) performed a phylogenetic analysis of S. difficilis and used this species to identify potential Pleistocene refugia in the North American cold deserts. Their research on this species provided evidence that in addition to desert-like conditions persisting through the ice age in parts of the Nearctic warm deserts, many areas maintained desert-like characteristics in the regional cold deserts. This species is closely related to S. django, which is restricted to the Algodones Sand Dunes (Pitts et al. 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51615FFB4FF09EC45FA2CFB39.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of S. edwardsii can be separated from all other Sphaeropthalma species by its coloration. The pubescence varies from yellow to scarlet, while the integumental coloration varies from orange to piceous and the wings are dark brown to black. This species also has the following unique combination of characters. The mandible is diagnostic being moderately dilated, distally little or scarcely wider than at tooth, the ventral basal tooth of the mandible is small, and the apex is vertical (Fig. 18). Also, the clypeus is moderately depressed below the dorsal mandibular margin, the sternal felt line is absent, and the genitalic morphology is unique (see Pitts 2006: Figs 8 – 10). FEMALE. The female of this species is easily recognized by the unique combination of characters: a small ventral angulation is located basally on the mandible, but the mandible the lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, metasomal segment 1 distinctly petiolate with the second segment, the pygidium is granulate, plumose setae are present especially on the fringes of the metasomal tergites, and the dorsum is covered in dense long yellow setae that obscures the integumental sculpturing.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51615FFB4FF09EC45FA2CFB39.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotypes: M. edwardsii: Oregon (ANSP); S. edwardsii flammifera: California, Antioch, 14 September 1941, J. R. Fisher (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Nondune site 5: 1 ♀, PT, 8. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51615FFB4FF09EC45FA2CFB39.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada and Oregon). Activity. No males were collected. One female was collected in early July 2008.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51615FFB4FF09EC45FA2CFB39.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma edwardsii were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Only one S. edwardsii female was collected in July in a pitfall trap. Sphaeropthalma edwardsii was not found at the NTS.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51615FFB4FF09E99BFDC4F876.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species has distinctive tridentate mandibles that are deeply excised ventrally and the apex is vertical and greatly dilated, which is similar to species of Acrophotopsis and Dilophotopsis, but more so that other species at Deep Canyon (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 24). Additionally, the clypeus is distinctly elongate and projects anteriorly and the genitalia have a distinctively shaped curved cuspis that bears a large seta filled pit (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 58). This species sometimes has weak mesosternal processes located anteromedially. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51615FFB4FF09E99BFDC4F876.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of S. macswaini: Nevada, Nye County, 2.1 mi NE Mercury, 24 August 1964, W. E. Ferguson (NMNH). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51615FFB4FF09E99BFDC4F876.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada). Activity. One male was collected in early July 2009.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51615FFB4FF09E99BFDC4F876.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma macswaini were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Only one S. macswaini male was collected in July in a light trap. Two S. macswaini males were found at the NTS in July and August (Ferguson 1967). The clypeus of this species is diagnostic (Pitts et al. 2010 a). However, it is elongate and the extreme apex overlies the greatly dilated and deeply excised mandibles, but does not obscure them. Additional taxonomy for this species is presented by Pitts et al. (2010 a).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FFB7FF09EDF4FC6DF97A.taxon	materials_examined	♀. Lectotype (designated here): Kansas (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FFB7FF09EDF4FC6DF97A.taxon	materials_examined	♀. Lectotype (designated here): Utah (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FFB7FF09EDF4FC6DF97A.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Arizona, Phoenix (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FFB7FF09EDF4FC6DF97A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of S. marpesia can be separated from all other nocturnal species by its lack of mesosternal processes and by its coloration; the integument is black throughout except metasomal segment 3 – 6 are orangish and by the setal coloration of the vertex, pronotum, mesonotum and metasomal segment 2 that varies from silver to orange. The mandible is moderately dilated, distally little or scarcely wider than at tooth, the ventral basal tooth of the mandible is small, and the apex is vertical (see Pitts, 2006: Fig. 6) Also, the head is quadrate posteriorly being long and parallel behind the eyes (see Pitts 2006: Fig. 2), the clypeus is deeply depressed below the dorsal mandibular margin, the sternal felt line is present, and by characteristic genitalic morphology (see Pitts 2006: Figs 14 – 16). FEMALE. The female of this species is easily recognized by its unique color pattern (see Pitts 2006: Fig. 25). Other useful characters include the petiolate metasomal segment 1, the small ventral angulation located basally on the mandible, the granulate pygidium, and the presence of plumose setae especially on the fringes of the metasomal tergites.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FFB7FF09EDF4FC6DF97A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotypes: M. marpesia: Kansas, Type no. 4542 (ANSP); S. luteola: Utah, Type no. 4543 (ANSP). Holotypes: S. imperialiformis: Kansas, Morton Co., 3200 ’, June 1902, F. H. Snow (SEMC); S. imperialiformis maricopae: Arizona, Phoenix, 25 September 1935, R. H. Crandall (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♀, PT 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 7 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 3 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 8 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 8 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 4 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT; Mesquite site 1: 1 ♂, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB; Mesquite site 3: 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FFB7FF09EDF4FC6DF97A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah and Washington), Mexico.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FFB7FF09EDF4FC6DF97A.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through late summer (May through early September). Two females were collected in early autumn (September 2008) and one was collected in early spring (May 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FFB7FF09EDF4FC6DF97A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma marpesia were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 20, p = 0.2). Three female and ninety-two male S. marpesia were collected throughout the course of this study. The females were collected in May and September via pitfall trapping, and males were collected from May through early September via light and pitfall trapping. Sphaeropthalma marpesia was not found at the NTS. Pitts (2006) associated the females of this species and discussed the taxonomy. The lectotypes of M. marpesia and S. luteola were selected based on having extruded genitalia and the quality of the specimens. The label data for M. marpeisa are as follows [Kan. Snow] [Type no. 4542] [M. marpesia Blake] and the label data for S. luteola are [Utah] [Type no. 4543] [luteola Blake].	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FF89FF09EA5FFCC0FEDD.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Arizona, Ehrenberg (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FF89FF09EA5FFCC0FEDD.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Arizona, Tinajas Atlas Mountains (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FF89FF09EA5FFCC0FEDD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of S. megagnathos can be separated easily from all other nocturnal species by mandibular morphology: the mandibles are very broadly dilated, especially ventral portion apically, distally much wider than width at ventral angulation, the ventral basal tooth of the mandible is small, and the apex is vertical (see Pitts 2006: Fig. 7). Also, the head is long and parallel posteriorly, the clypeus is deeply depressed below the dorsal mandibular margin, the mesosternum lacks tubercles, the wings are yellowish-hyaline, and the sternal felt line is absent. The genitalic morphology also is diagnostic (see Pitts 2006: Figs 17 – 19). In some specimens the coloration of the integument and setae are bright orange, while in others the setal coloration varies from orange to white and the integument is stramineous to castaneous. FEMALE. The female of this species is easily recognized by weak to non-existent ventral angulation located basally on the mandible while the mandible lacks an elongate tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, distinctly petiolate metasomal segment 1, the granulate pygidium, presence of plumose setae especially on the fringes of the metasomal tergites, the sparse long orange setae that does not obscure the integumental sculpturing and the anterior raised areas just lateral of the midline on the second tergum that has tuberculate sculpturing.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FF89FF09EA5FFCC0FEDD.taxon	description	Description of female (hitherto unknown). Coloration and setal pattern. Integument ferruginous, except segments 3 - 6 infuscated, and antenna and legs orange. Femur of hind leg sometimes infuscated. Pronotum, pleura, propodeum, and metasoma except T 2 medially with sparse, erect, white to dirty yellow brachyplumose setae not obscuring integumental sculpture. Dorsum of mesosoma and T 2 medially with sparse, erect reddish orange brachyplumose setae not obscuring integumental sculpture. Posterior margin of head, pronotum, pleura, and T 1 with short white plumose setae. Fringes of metasomal terga and sterna with dense white plumose setae. Head. Rounded posteriorly, not as wide as mesosoma; coarsely punctate. Eyes round. Antennal tubercles slightly granulate. Scrobe with lateral carina beginning just below eye, becoming weaker above height of antennal tubercle but continuing to antennal tubercle. Mandible bidentate, with slight ventral angulation basally; dorsal carina continuing to internal tooth. Genal carina absent. Flagellomere 1 ~ 2.0 × pedicel length; flagellomere 2 ~ 1.5 × length of pedicel. Clypeus truncate with slight median emargination; tuberculate posteriorly, appearing longitudinally carinate from anterior margin to posterior tubercle. Mesosoma. As wide as long. Humeral angles dentate. Dorsum with distinct lateral margin. Coarsely punctate. Propleuron coarsely to moderately punctate. Mesopleuron with medial area moderately punctate and produced outward from dorsal to ventral margin; otherwise glabrous and nitid. Metapleuron and lateral faces of propodeum glabrous and nitid. Propodeum with distinct vertical and dorsal faces; reticulate. Metasoma. Segment 1 distinctly petiolate with segment 2. T 1 moderately punctate. T 2 coarsely confluently punctate. T 2 with anterior raised ovate areas located just lateral of midline with conspicuous raised puncture margins; area with tuberculate sculpture. T 3 - T 5 and S 3 - S 5 micropunctate, appearing granulate. S 2 similar in punctation to T 2, with anterior medial tumid region. Pygidium laterally defined by carinae, granulate.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FF89FF09EA5FFCC0FEDD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotypes: S. megagnathos megagnathos: Arizona, Ehrenberg, 27 April 1939, F. H. Parker (UMSP); S. megagnathos aurifera: Arizona, Tinajas Atlas Mountains, 1905, W. J. McGee (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 6 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 2 ♂, LT, 29. V. 2008, NFB & DAT; Sand dune site 4: 2 ♀, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 3 ♀, PT, 8. VII. 2008, 3 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 16. IV. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 10. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♀, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♀, PT, 8. VII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 2 ♂, LT 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 5 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, PT, 8. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Spring meadows site: 1 ♀, PT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP; Mesquite site 1: 3 ♀, PT, 2. IX. 2008, NFB, 2 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Wash site: 42 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FF89FF09EA5FFCC0FEDD.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FF89FF09EA5FFCC0FEDD.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active in late spring (May through June). Females were found from spring through midautumn (late June through October in 2008 and April through June in 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51616FF89FF09EA5FFCC0FEDD.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma megagnathos were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 20.5, p> 0.1). Twenty-eight female and sixty-eight male S. megagnathos were collected throughout the course of this study. The females were collected from April through October in pitfall traps, and the males were collected from May through July. Sphaeropthalma megagnathos was not found at the NTS. Sphaeropthalma megagnathos is a member of the S. imperialis sp. - group, which is made up of four species, S. imperialis, S. edwardsii, S. marpesia, and S. megagnathos (Pitts 2006). Besides S. megagnathos, all other species in the S. imperialis sp. - group have associated females. The morphology of this female is similar to the other three species in this group and can, thus, be associated with the only male lacking an associated female, S. megagnathos. A key is provided here for females of the S. imperialis sp. - group.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51628FF89FF09ECF1FBCCF870.taxon	materials_examined	3. Lectotype (designated here): Nevada (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51628FF89FF09ECF1FBCCF870.taxon	materials_examined	♀. Holotype: Nevada (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51628FF89FF09ECF1FBCCF870.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Nevada (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51628FF89FF09ECF1FBCCF870.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species can be recognized by having mandibles that are weakly excised ventrally with a indistinct basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 55), the posterior margin of the head is quadrate, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternite has a distinct felt line, and the pygidium is granulate. The genitalia of this species are quite similar to those of S. angulifera. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2010 a: Fig. 60). FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by the following combination of characters: the dorsum of the body is covered with dense erect red to pale orange brachyplumose setae that obscure the integument; the ventral margin of the mandible has a slight excision, but lacks a ventral tooth and a dorsal tooth at termination of dorsal carina; the head below the eyes widens towards the mandibular insertions; the first metasoma segment is sessile with the second segment; and the pygidium is longitudinally striate and granulate between the striae; the eyes are larger than the distance from the posterior margin of the eye to the vertex of the head (the eye is from 1.2 to 1.4 times as big as the length from the margin of the eye to the vertex of the head); and the apical margins of the tergites have dense fringes of white plumose setae.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51628FF89FF09ECF1FBCCF870.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype of A. mendica: Nevada, type no. 4551 (ANSP). Holotypes: M. aspasia: Nevada, type no. 4574 (ANSP); Ph. nebulosus: Nevada, type no. 4549 (ANSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 4 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♀, PT, 16. IV. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 16 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 29 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 29 – 31. X. 2009, NFB & SDB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♀, PT, 23. VII. 2008, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 8 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 20 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Mesquite site 1: 1 ♀, PT, 8. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51628FF89FF09ECF1FBCCF870.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico and Utah).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51628FF89FF09ECF1FBCCF870.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through mid-autumn (May through October). Two females were collected, one in July 2009 and one in April 2009.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51628FF89FF09ECF1FBCCF870.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma mendica were collected significantly more often in non-sand dune habitats than in sand dune habitats (U = 24, p = 0.02). Three female and 122 male S. mendica were collected throughout the course of this study. The females were collected in April and July via pitfall trapping, and males were collected from May through October via light trapping. One hundred fifty-seven females and 58 males of S. mendica were found at the NTS (Ferguson 1967; Allred 1973). The female specimens were collected from April through November via pitfall trapping and the males were collected from July through August via pitfall, light trapping and net collecting. There is a wide array of integumental coloration in this species (Wilson & Pitts 2010). Specimens range from nearly black integument to a more reddish-brown color characteristic of most nocturnal velvet ants. Female integumental coloration has a range similar to the males. At AMNWR, only the reddish-brown color form was collected. For this study we have designated a lectotype from the available syntypes. We selected the lectotype from the only specimen available. The label data are as follows [Nev.] [Type no. 4551] [mendica].	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF88FF09EDF4FDA1FA4B.taxon	description	(Fig. 9)	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF88FF09EDF4FDA1FA4B.taxon	materials_examined	3. Lectotype (designated here): Arizona, Tucson (NMNH); Pitts et al. 2004: 224, 3 (as type species of Micromutilla Ashmead).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF88FF09EDF4FDA1FA4B.taxon	materials_examined	3. Lectotype (designated here): New Mexico, Las Cruces (ANSP), syn. nov..	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF88FF09EDF4FDA1FA4B.taxon	materials_examined	3 (as type species of Micromutilla Ashmead).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF88FF09EDF4FDA1FA4B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species can be recognized by its small size, the moderately emarginate mandibles (see Pitts 2007: Fig. 27), the small marginal cell, which is shorter than the stigma measured along the costal margin, the lack of mesosternal processes, the genitalia with an extremely short cuspis that barely surpasses the penial valve in lateral view, and the lack of plumose setae even along the margins of the metasomal tergites. Genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 9. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF88FF09EDF4FDA1FA4B.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotypes: Ph. nanus: Arizona, Tucson, type no. 3279 (NMNH); M. acontius: New Mexico, Las Cruces, type no. 3279 (ANSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Nondune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF88FF09EDF4FDA1FA4B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada and New Mexico).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF88FF09EDF4FDA1FA4B.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active from mid-summer through late-summer (late July through September).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF88FF09EDF4FDA1FA4B.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma nana was too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Seven S. nana males were collected from late May through September at light traps. Twenty S. nana males were found at the NTS from July through August via light trapping (Ferguson 1967). For this study we have designated lectotypes from the available syntypes. We selected the lectotype of Photopsis nanus from the only specimen available. The label data are as follows [Tucson Ariz] [collection Ashmead] [Type No. 3279 U. S. N. M.]. The metasoma is broken off, but glued to point and genitalia extruded. The lectotype of Mutilla acontius was selected based on the quality of the specimen. The label data are as follows [Ckll. 2297 Las Cruces] [Type no. 4644] [acontius]. The genitalia are extruded and clearly visible. According to article 59.3 of ICZN (1999), Photopsis nana Ashmead, 1896 (misspelled as nanus) is valid name, because the replacement name, Mutilla ashmeadii Fox, 1899, has been used before 1961 only by Krombein in the catalogue (Krombein, 1951). Furthermore Ph. nana is the type species of Micromutilla Ashmead, 1899. Lastly, using the other available name, Mutilla ashmeadii Fox, 1899, could be confused with Morsyma ashmeadii Fox, 1899, the type species of related genus Morsyma Fox, 1899. For stability and to lessen potential confusion, Photopsis nana is reinstated here.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	description	(Figs 10, 19)	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: no locality data (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: California, Clairmont (CUIC).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: California, Clairmont (CUIC).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: California, Clairmont (CUIC).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: California, Eagle Lake, 30 July 1936, C. E. Mickel (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species can be recognized by having mandibles that are strongly excised ventrally, have a vertical face, have a distinct basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique (Fig. 19), the posterior margin of the head is rounded, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternite lacks a distinct felt line, the pygidium is glabrous and the cuspis of the genitalia spatulate and lack plumose setae. Genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 10. FEMALE. The female of this species can be diagnosed by the following combination characters: the dorsum of the body is covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured, the ventral margin of the mandible bears a large ventral basal tooth but lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, the head below eyes is parallel, the head evenly rounded in lateral view, the first metasoma segment is petiolate with the second segment and the pygidium is granulate.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotypes: M. orestes, no locality data (ANSP); M. pattersonae: California, Fort Washington, 3 October 1895, R. Patterson (NMNH); Ph. uniformis: California, Clairmont (CUIC); Ph. pedatus: California, Clairmont (CUIC); Ph. ingenuus: California, Clairmont (CUIC); Ph. salmani: California, Eagle Lake, 30 July 1936, C. E. Mickel (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, MT, 13 – 15. V. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 5 ♀, PT, 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 3 ♀, PT, 7 – 8. VII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 9 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 7. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 6 ♀, PT, 3 ♂, LT, 25 – 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB, 3 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 1 ♀, PT, 18 – 19. II. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 16. IV. 2009, 6 ♀, PT, 58 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 121 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 27 ♀, 2 ♂, PT, 10 ♂, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 31 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♀, 2 ♂, PT, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 5 ♂, LT, 15. V. 2008, NFB & DAT, 8 ♀, 5 ♂, PT, 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 4 ♀, PT, 7 – 8. VII. 2008, 7 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 22 – 23. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 7 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, 2 ♀, PT, 16. IV. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, MT, 12 ♂, LT, 12 – 15. V. 2009, 1 ♂, MT, 25 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 5 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 33 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 11 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, PT, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, PT, 28. X. 2009, NFB & SDB; Sand dune site 3: 5 ♀, PT, 25. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, PT, 7 – 8. VII. 2008, 3 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 4 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 36 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 6 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 7 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 20 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 21 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 7 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 7 – 9. VII. 2008, 3 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 16. IV. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 24 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, MT, 13 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 72 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 55 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♀, PT, 5 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 18 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 9 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♀, PT, 96 ♂, LT, 24 – 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 7 ♂, LT, 1 ♀, 7 – 10. VII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 8 ♂, LT, 22 – 24. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, NFB, 21 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♀, PT, 5 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 28 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 22 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 7 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 5 ♀, PT, 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♀, PT, 7 – 8. VII. 2008, 4 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, LT, 22 – 23. VII. 2008, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 3 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 4 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 22 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 11 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 10 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 2 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, NFB & DAT, 4 ♀, PT, 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB; Spring meadows site: 8 ♀, PT, 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♀, PT, 7 – 8. VII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB; Mesquite site 1: 1 ♀, PT, 7 – 8. VII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT; Mesquite site 2: 6 ♀, 2 ♂, PT, 24 – 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 7 ♀, PT, 7 – 8. VII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB, 5 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Mesquite site 3: 6 ♀, 4 ♂, PT, 24 – 25. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 7 – 8. VII. 2008, 2 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 4 ♀, 4 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB, 5 ♀, 2 ♂, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	distribution	Distribution: USA (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington), Mexico.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through mid-autumn (May through October). Females were collected from spring through mid-autumn (late June through October of 2008 and April through July of 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E51629FF8AFF09EB49FF5AFDC2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma orestes were collected significantly more often in sand dune habitats than in non-sand dune habitats (U = 25, p = 0.01). One hundred ninety-eight female and 965 male S. orestes were collected throughout the course of this study. The female specimens were collected from April through October via pitfall trapping. The male specimens were collected from May through October via light and pitfall trapping. Sphaeropthalma orestes was not found at the NTS. The absence of S. orestes at the NTS is odd because the species is known to be abundant throughout its range, which extends west of the Rocky Mountains from mainland Mexico to southern Canada. The absence of S. orestes at the NTS is also not due to mis-identification as Dr. W. E. Ferguson was clearly familiar with S. orestes with the description of S. orestes biology in Ferguson (1962).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162BFF8AFF09EFD7FCABFA4A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This small species can be recognized by the deeply excised mandibles that are oblique apically (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 27), a marginal cell that is approximately the same length as the stigma, the mesosternum lacks processes, the first metasomal segment is sessile with the second, plumose setal fringes are absent on the metasoma, and the cuspis of the genitalia is very short just barely surpassing the free length of the penis valve (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 61). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162BFF8AFF09EFD7FCABFA4A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotypes: A. pallida: Texas, type no. 4552 (ANSP); S. arizonae: Arizona, Tucson, 5 June 1935, Bryant (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 5 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 9 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162BFF8AFF09EFD7FCABFA4A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Oklahoma and Texas). Activity. Males were active from late spring through late summer (June through August).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162BFF8AFF09EFD7FCABFA4A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma pallida were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 15.5, p> 0.2). Forty-two S. pallida males were collected from June through August via light trapping. Seven S. pallida males were found at the NTS in August (Ferguson 1967).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162BFF8DFF09EB4FFA21FEF9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species can be recognized by having mandibles that are vertical and are strongly excised ventrally with a distinct basal tooth and an apex that is tridentate and oblique (Fig. 20), the posterior margin of the head is rounded, the mesosternum lacks processes, the second metasomal sternite with a distinct tuft-like felt line, S 2 with a anterormedial carinate tumid region, the pygidium is glabrous and the cuspis of the genitalia spatulate and lack plumose setae. Genitalia are illustrated in Fig. 11. FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162BFF8DFF09EB4FFA21FEF9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of S. parkeri: Arizona, Ehrenberg, 27 April 1939, F. H. Parker (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 2 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, 2 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162BFF8DFF09EB4FFA21FEF9.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada). Activity. Males were active from mid-spring into early summer (May through June).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162BFF8DFF09EB4FFA21FEF9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Individuals of S. parkeri were too rarely encountered to determine their habitat preference. Eleven S. parkeri males were collected in May and June via light trapping. Sphaeropthalma parkeri was not found at the NTS.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162CFF8CFF09ECD4FED0FDB8.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species is easily recognized by the lobe-like projections on the hind coxae. Other useful characters include the triangular shaped posterior margin of the head, the weakly excised mandible (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 40), the lack of mesosternal processes, and the unique triangulate posterior projection of the apex of the hind tibia. Genitalia are illustrated by Pitts et al. (2009: Fig. 26). FEMALE. The female of this species has the following combination characters: the dorsum of the body is covered with sparse erect brachyplumose setae, but the integument is not obscured; the ventral margin of the mandible has a slight excision, but lacks a long erect tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina; the head below eyes is parallel; the head evenly rounded in lateral view; the first metasomal segment is sessile with the second segment; and the pygidium is longitudinally striate.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162CFF8CFF09ECD4FED0FDB8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of A. triangularis: Nevada (ANSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, MT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 10. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 9 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 7 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 8 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, PT, 4. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 13 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 18 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♀, 2 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 19. XII. 2008, NFB & SDB, 1 ♀, PT, 3 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 16 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 5 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 5 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 3 ♂, PT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 1 ♀, PT, 9. VII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 1 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 10. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 10 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 6 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 2 ♂, PT, 9. VII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, 4 ♂, PT, 5 – 6. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, LT, 13. V. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB 2 ♀, PT, 23 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 10 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 23 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 2 ♀, PT, 5 ♂, LT, 24 – 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♂, LT, 10. VII. 2008, 8 ♂, LT, 24. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, 1 ♀, PT, 6 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 7. VII. 2009, 12 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 6 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 30. X. 2009, NFB & SDB; Non-dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, 2 ♀, PT, 3 ♂, LT, 22 – 23. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, 9 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, 6 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, 4 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♀, LT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 1 ♀, 1 ♂, PT, 22. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, 4 ♂, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB; Spring meadows site: 1 ♀, PT, 26. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 3 ♀, PT, 9. VII. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 5. VIII. 2008, NFB; Mesquite site 2: 1 ♀, PT, 2 – 3. IX. 2008, NFB; Mesquite site 3: 1 ♀, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB; Wash site: 1 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162CFF8CFF09ECD4FED0FDB8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico and Texas), Mexico (Baja California). Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through late summer (May though early September). Females were collected from spring through mid-autumn (late June through October in 2008 and May through July, and October 2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162CFF8CFF09ECD4FED0FDB8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma triangularis were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 18, p> 0.2). Thirty-seven female and 395 male S. triangularis were collected throughout the course of this study. The females were collected from May through December via light and pitfall trapping, and males were collected from May through September via light, pitfall and malaise trapping. Sphaeropthalma triangularis was not found at the NTS.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162DFF8FFF09EF19FD6EFCAA.taxon	description	(Fig. 21)	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162DFF8FFF09EF19FD6EFCAA.taxon	materials_examined	3. Lectotype (designated here): Texas (ANSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162DFF8FFF09EF19FD6EFCAA.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Texas, Coryell Co. (CUIC).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162DFF8FFF09EF19FD6EFCAA.taxon	materials_examined	3. Holotype: Arizona, St. Carlos (UMSP).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162DFF8FFF09EF19FD6EFCAA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. The male of this species can be recognized by the mandible, which is slightly to very broadly dilated apically, has a sharp dorsal carina that is blade-like to apex of mandible such that the mandible vertical throughout, but has a weak ventral emargination and tooth (Fig. 21). Also, the clypeus strongly depressed, anterior margin hidden below dorsal mandibular rims, the head is quadrate posteriorly, the marginal cell is 0.75 - 1.0 × the length of the stigma, S 2 lacks a felt line and the cuspis of the genitalia are broadly spatulate and bear plumose setae (Pitts et al. 2004: Figs 19 - 21). FEMALE. The female of this species can be recognized by the following characters: the dorsum lacks dense appressed setae that obscures the integumental sculpture, the first segment of the metasoma is sessile with the second segment, the antennal scrobes have dorsal carinae, the mandible has a slightly developed ventral basal tooth and lacks a dorsal tooth at the termination of the dorsal carina, flagellomere 1 is almost 2 × as long as the pedicel, the legs are concolorous with mesosoma or at most slightly infuscated or lighter than mesosoma, the propodeum length in lateral view is subequal to 0.5 × maximum height, the metasomal segments have sparse plumose pubescence apically and the apical metasomal segments are concolorous with basal metasomal segments, T 2 is coarsely punctate throughout with the interstitial distance less than a puncture width and the pygidium is undefined laterally by carinae.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162DFF8FFF09EF19FD6EFCAA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Lectotype of A. uro: Texas, Type no. 4547 (ANSP). Holotypes: Ph. melanderi: Texas, Coryell Co., Birkman (CUIC). S. uro stenognatha: Arizona, St. Carlos, 27 August 1935, F. H. Parker (UMSP). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 4 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 6 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 7 ♂, PT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 2 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 5 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 6 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 4 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 6 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 1 ♀, PT, 19. XII. 2008, NFB & SDB, 4 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 26 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 10 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 2: 2 ♂, LT, 15. V. 2008, NFB & DAT, 7 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 13 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 11 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, MT, 17 – 18. IV. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 10 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 15 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 15 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 16 – 17. X. 2009, NFB, 1 ♀, PT, 17. XII. 2009, NFB & TB Frank; Sand dune site 4: 4 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♀, PT, 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 45 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 12 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♀, MT, 6 – 9. VII. 2009, 18 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 8 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, 7 ♂, LT, 16 – 18. X. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 18. IV. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 3 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 10 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Nondune site 5: 1 ♂, LT, 13. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, PT, 17 – 18. X. 2008, NFB & SDB, 11 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 3 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. IX. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 2 ♂, LT, 5. V. 2008, DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, NFB & DAT; Spring meadows site: 1 ♂, PT, 2. IX. 2008, NFB; Mesquite site 1: 1 ♂, PT, 2. IX. 2008, NFB; Wash site: 1 ♂, LT, 30. V. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162DFF8FFF09EF19FD6EFCAA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Nevada, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Texas and Utah).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162DFF8FFF09EF19FD6EFCAA.taxon	biology_ecology	Activity. Males were active from early spring through mid-autumn (mid-April through October). Females were collected year round (One in Dec. 0 8, one in May 0 9, one in July 0 9, one in Dec. 09).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162DFF8FFF09EF19FD6EFCAA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma uro were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 21, p = 0.1). Four female and 393 male S. uro were collected throughout the course of this study. The females were collected in May, July and December via pitfall and malaise trapping, and males were collected from April through October via pitfall, malaise and light trapping. Sphaeropthalma uro was not found at the NTS. For this study we have designated a lectotype from the available syntypes. The lectotype was selected based on having extruded genitalia and the quality of the specimen. The label data are as follows [Tex.] [Type no. 4547] [uro]. The genitalia are extruded and clearly visible.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162EFF8FFF09EEEFFE76F810.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. MALE. This species is recognized by the strongly excised mandible (see Pitts et al. 2010 a: Fig. 31), the lack of mesosternal processes, the marginal cell being shorter than the stigma, the first segment of the metasoma sessile with the second segment, and the genitalia with a long thick cylindrical cuspis that tapers apically and has a large basal pit on the internal margin (see Pitts et al. 2009: Fig. 6). FEMALE. Unknown.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162EFF8FFF09EEEFFE76F810.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Type material. Holotype of S. yumaella: Arizona, Yuma County, Wellton (CUIC). Other material. Nevada, Nye Co., AMNWR: Non-dune site 1: 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 2: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 4 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 17 – 19. VIII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 4 – 6. VIII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 1: 19 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 2 ♂, LT, 1 ♂, PT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 4 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 5 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 18 – 23. IX. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 3: 1 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 4: 1 ♂, LT, 9. VI. 2008, NFB & DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 12 – 14. V. 2009, 14 ♂, LT, 26 – 28. V. 2009, NFB, 1 ♂, LT, 8 – 15. VI. 2009, NFB & DAT, 1 ♂, LT, 23 – 25. VI. 2009, 1 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, NFB; Sand dune site 5: 3 ♂, LT, 24. VI. 2008, NFB, DAT & JPP, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Non-dune site 5: 9 ♂, LT, 6 – 8. VII. 2009, 2 ♂, LT, 21 – 23. VII. 2009, NFB; Copeland site: 1 ♂, LT, 5. V. 2008, DAT, 2 ♂, LT, 14. V. 2008, NFB & DAT.	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162EFF8FFF09EEEFFE76F810.taxon	distribution	Distribution. USA (Arizona, California and Nevada), Mexico (Baja California). Activity. Males were active from mid-spring through late summer (May through mid-September).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
038187E5162EFF8FFF09EEEFFE76F810.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Sphaeropthalma yumaella were distributed uniformly over sand dune and non-dune habitats (U = 13, p> 0.2). Ninety-two S. yumaella males were collected from May through September via light trapping. Sphaeropthalma yumaella was not found at the NTS. This species is widespread (Pitts et al. 2009). Based on mandibular and genitalic morphology, along with wing venation similarities, this species is closely related to S. brachyptera Schuster, S. noctivaga (Melander), S. sublobata Schuster, and Odontophotopsis piute Mickel. Additional taxonomic description for this species can be found in Pitts et al. (2009).	en	Boehme, Nicole F., Tanner, David A., Williams, Kevin A., Pitts, James P. (2012): Faunal study of velvet ants (Hymenoptera: Mutillidae) and their activity patterns and habitat preference at Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, Nye County, Nevada, USA. Zootaxa 3587: 1-45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3587.1.1
