taxonID	type	description	language	source
038187DBFFB0FFCCFF37FF07FD323266.taxon	description	The speciose, cosmopolitan genus Hydraena is well defined by the following autapomorphic characteristics: 1) presence of a labral-mandibular interlocking device (Perkins 1989), 2) mentum with an acute median projection anteriorly (Perkins 1989), 3) various complex sensilla (Perkins 1997), and 4) specialized features of the exocrine secretion delivery system (Perkins 1997). There is general agreement among current workers that Hydraena is monophyletic, based on these characters (for example, Jäch et al. 2000). The Australian species meet these generic criteria. The division of Hydraena into subgenera is currently a matter of uncertainty. Some groupings of species into large putative monophyletic groups is more certain, but the sister group relationships of these groups are less clear, and presently under study (Ignacio Ribera and colleagues, for example, are currently doing DNA analysis). The morphological cladistic analysis of Jäch et al. (2000) concluded that " the great phylogenetic alternative " to Hydraena (s. str.) had been found in Hydraena (Hydraenopsis). The Australian species of Hydraena, with the possible exception of H. affirmata, are most probably related to species placed by Jäch et al. in Hydraena (Hydraenopsis). However, I prefer not to formally assign species to subgenera until the results of a comprehensive DNA analysis are published, and it is shown that Hydraenopsis is not nested within what is now considered Hydraena (s. str.).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB0FFCBFF37F9E5FECA3470.taxon	description	(Figs. 1, 5, 6, 259)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB0FFCBFF37F9E5FECA3470.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, 19 km E of Mt. Cahill, [ca. 12 ° 50 ' S, 132 ° 52 ' E], 24 May 1973, A. H. Watson [labels: " 12.50 S 132.52 E 19 km E by N of Mt. Cahill, NT. 24. v. 73, A. H. Watson // Larva in spirit collection // More specimens in spirit tube // [pink label] // Holotype // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena reticulata Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977 "]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB0FFCBFF37F9E5FECA3470.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to other members of the reticulata Group (Figs. 1 – 4); reliable determinations will be based on study of the aedeagus. Similar to H. mitchellensis in the absence of plaques; differing therefrom in the smaller size (ca. 1.21 vs. 1.38 mm), and details of the aedeagus (Figs. 5 – 7).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB0FFCBFF37F9E5FECA3470.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.21 / 0.52; head 0.19 / 0.32; pronotum 0.31 / 0.44, PA 0.36, PB 0.38; elytra 0.71 / 0.52. Dorsum dark brown, dull; legs brown; palpi light brown except distal 2 / 3 of last palpomere darker. Head and pronotum markedly microreticulate, setae short but distinctive. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices ca. 1 xpd. Mentum and postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 deep, oblique, separated by less than width of a fovea; PF 3 moderately deep, broad; PF 4 shallow. Elytral punctures slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, very weakly shining, width about 1 xpd, interstices between punctures of a row narrower, each puncture with distinctive short seta. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Plaques absent, median depression shallow. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 3 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) lateral surface very weakly arcuate, medial surface nearly straight, with prominent, sharp tubercle at distal 2 / 3; mesotibia simple; metatibia parallel-sided or nearly so for most of length, without setal brush. Abdominal apex symmetrical. Aedeagus (Figs. 5, 6) main-piece with large pointed process on right side; left paramere widest subbasally, then tapering to narrow tip which ends at level of base of flagellum, setae sparse, in a row on ventral margin; right paramere straight or very weakly arcuate, simple. Female last tergite without incisions, with two transverse ridges, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB0FFCBFF37F9E5FECA3470.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northern Northern Territory (Fig. 259).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB0FFCBFF37F9E5FECA3470.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (9): Northern Territory, 19 km E of Mt. Cahill, 12 ° 50 ' S, 132 ° 52 ' E, 24 May 1973, A. H. Watson (1 ANIC); Cooper Creek, 19 km E by S of Mt. Borradaile, 12 ° 6 ' S, 133 ° 4 ' E, 5 June 1973, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); Kakadu N. P., Deaf Adder Gorge, 12 ° 16 ' S, 132 ° 40 ' E, 27 March 1980, M. B. Malipatil (1 MAGD); Kakadu N. P., Waterfall Creek, 13 ° 27 ' S, 132 ° 25 ' E, 23 August 1993, Gross & Koller (1 NMW); Katherine Gorge N. P., Butterfly Gorge, 13 ° 44 ' S, 131 ° 34 ' E, 5 December 1980, M. B. Malipatil (5 MAGD).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB7FFCAFF37FA25FE6E3248.taxon	description	(Figs. 2, 7, 250)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB7FFCAFF37FA25FE6E3248.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, 4 km S by W Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau, 14 ° 52 ' S, 125 ° 50 ' E, 13 May 1983, D. C. F Rentz, J. Balderson (17). Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes: Same data as holotype (7 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB7FFCAFF37FA25FE6E3248.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to other members of the reticulata Group (Figs. 1 – 4); reliable determinations will be based on study of the aedeagus. Similar to H. reticulata in the absence of plaques; differing therefrom in the smaller size (ca. 1.38 vs. 1.21 mm), and details of the aedeagus (Figs. 5 – 7).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB7FFCAFF37FA25FE6E3248.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.38 / 0.58; head 0.23 / 0.37; pronotum 0.35 / 0.49, PA 0.39, PB 0.43; elytra 0.82 / 0.58. Dorsum dark brown, dull; legs brown; palpi light brown except distal 2 / 3 of last palpomere darker. Head and pronotum markedly microreticulate, setae short but distinctive. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices ca. 1 xpd. Mentum finely sparsely punctate. Postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 deep, oblique, separated by about width of a fovea; PF 3 moderately deep, broad; PF 4 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, very effacedly microreticulate, width about 1 xpd, interstices between punctures of a row narrower, each puncture with distinctive short seta. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Plaques absent, median depression wide, moderately deep. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides weakly converging, apex blunt. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) near distal 2 / 3 slightly widened and medial surface with small, sharp tubercle, row of short setae between tubercle and apex of tibia; mesotibia simple; metatibia straight on medial margin, lateral margin extremely weakly arcuate, without setal brush. Abdominal apex symmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 7) main-piece with moderately large pointed process on right side; left paramere widest subbasally, then tapering to narrow tip which ends at level of midlength of flagellum, setae sparse, in a row on ventral margin; right paramere widened in distal 1 / 2, setae in row along ventral margin and tip. Female last tergite without incisions, with two transverse ridges, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB7FFCAFF37FA25FE6E3248.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB7FFCAFF37FA25FE6E3248.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in the Mitchell Plateau, northeastern Western Australia (Fig. 250).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB6FFC9FF37FC27FE3F32B8.taxon	description	(Figs. 3, 8, 209, 229, 244)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB6FFC9FF37FC27FE3F32B8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, 12 ° 44 ' S, 143 ° 14 ' E, 28 June – 4 July 1986, T. Weir & A. Calder. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (67): Northern Territory, 5 km SE Mt. Borradaile stn., 12 ° 3 ' S, 132 ° 57 ' E, 27 May 1999, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Darwin, 12 ° 27 ' S, 130 ° 50 ' E, 13 May 1963, C. Watts (9 SAMA); Holmes Jungle, 11 km NE by E of Darwin, 12 ° 24 ' S, 130 ° 56 ' E, 24 March 1998, C. H. S. Watts (3 SAMA); Queensland, 3 km W of Batavia Downs, flight intercept trap, 12 ° 40 ' S, 142 ° 39 ' E, 22 June – 23 August 1992, P. Zborowski & J. Cardale (5 ANIC); 40 km N Coen, 13 ° 41 ' S, 143 ° 5 ' E, 25 July 1982, C. Watts (19 SAMA); 7 km S of Batavia Downs, flight intercept trap, 12 ° 43 ' S, 142 ° 42 ' E, 19 June – 22 July 1992, P. Zborowski & E. S. Nielsen (2 ANIC); Heathlands, F. I. T., ANIC 1239 closed scrub (= heath), 11 ° 45 ' S, 142 ° 35 ' E, 26 January – 29 February 1992, P. Feehney (9 ANIC); same locality, 11 ° 45 ' S, 142 ° 35 ' E, 1 – 22 March 1992, P. Feehney (10 ANIC); Heathlands, flight intercept trap, 11 ° 45 ' S, 142 ° 35 ' E, 1 June – 25 July 1992, P. Zborowski & E. S. Nielsen (1 ANIC); Heathlands, Malaise trap, 11 ° 45 ' S, 142 ° 35 ' E, 18 August – 18 September 1992, P. Zborowski & L. Miller (1 ANIC); Peach Creek, 13 ° 35 ' S, 143 ° 4 ' E, 24 July 1982, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Western Australia, 14 km SbyE Kalumburu Mission, CALM Site 4 / 3 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, open forest, 14 ° 25 ' S, 126 ° 40 ' E, 3 – 6 June 1988, T. A. Weir (1 ANIC); East Kimberley, Meelarie Creek, 5 km N Drysdale Crossing, elev. 350 m, 15 ° 40 ' S, 126 ° 24 ' E, 19 June 1999, L. Hendrich (2 NMW); Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau, ex. yellow tray, 14 ° 49 ' S, 125 ° 50 ' E, 9 – 19 May 1983, I. Naumann, J. Cardale (3 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB6FFC9FF37FC27FE3F32B8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to other members of the reticulata Group (Figs. 1 – 4); reliable determinations will be based on study of the aedeagus. Similar to H. reticulositis in the minute plaques; differing therefrom in the smaller size (ca. 1.25 vs. 1.45 mm), and details of the aedeagus (Figs. 8, 9).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB6FFC9FF37FC27FE3F32B8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.25 / 0.56; head 0.22 / 0.33; pronotum 0.32 / 0.44, PA 0.37, PB 0.44; elytra 0.75 / 0.56. Dorsum dark brown, dull; legs brown; palpi light brown except distal 2 / 3 of last palpomere darker. Head and pronotum markedly microreticulate, setae short but distinctive. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices ca. 1 xpd. Mentum and postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 moderately deep, oblique, separated by about width of a fovea; PF 3 shallow, broad; PF 4 shallow. Elytral punctures slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, very effacedly microreticulate, width about 1 xpd, interstices between punctures of a row narrower, each puncture with distinctive short seta. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Plaques nearly absent, minute ovals at posterior of shallow median depression. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 3 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) straight, with small, sharp tubercle at distal 2 / 3; mesotibia simple; metatibia parallel-sided or nearly so for most of length, without setal brush. Abdominal apex symmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 8) main-piece with very large pointed process on right side, with a small process issuing from its base (visible in lateral view); left paramere widest subbasally, then tapering to narrow tip, setae very sparse, in a row on ventral margin; right paramere markedly arcuate, setae clustered at tip; gonopore bearing flagellum long. Female last tergite without incisions, with two transverse ridges, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite and spermatheca as illustrated (Figs. 209, 229).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB6FFC9FF37FC27FE3F32B8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the relationship to H. reticulata.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB6FFC9FF37FC27FE3F32B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from the northernmost areas of Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland (Fig. 244).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB5FFC8FF37FB97FDAD33F0.taxon	description	(Figs. 4, 9, 246)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB5FFC8FF37FB97FDAD33F0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau, ex. yellow tray, 14 ° 49 ' S, 125 ° 50 ' E, 9 – 19 May 1983, I. Naumann, J. Cardale. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (10): Northern Territory, Border Waterhole, Musselbrook Ck. 15 km W by S of Musselbrook Mining Camp (QLD), large permanent pool in gorge, muddy edges, rocky, algal growth, 18 ° 37 ' S, 137 ° 59 ' E, 14 May 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); Katherine Gorge N. P., Butterfly Gorge, 13 ° 44 ' S, 131 ° 34 ' E, 5 December 1980, M. B. Malipatil (1 MAGD); Queensland, “ Amphitheatre Springs ”, 28 km N by E of Musselbrook Mining Camp, small, spring fed pools, dark water, roots and debris in water, algal growth, scum on surface, 18 ° 21 ' S, 138 ° 11 ' E, 12 May 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); Western Australia, Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau, ex. yellow tray, 14 ° 49 ' S, 125 ° 50 ' E, 9 – 19 May 1983, I. Naumann, J. Cardale (2 ANIC); Synnot Range, 16 ° 25 ' S, 125 ° 28 ' E, 1 September 1969, D. D. Giuliani (5 WAMP).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB5FFC8FF37FB97FDAD33F0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to other members of the reticulata Group (Figs. 1 – 4); reliable determinations will be based on study of the aedeagus. Similar to H. reticuloides in the minute plaques; differing therefrom in the larger size (ca. 1.45 vs. 1.25 mm), and details of the aedeagus (Figs. 8, 9).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB5FFC8FF37FB97FDAD33F0.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.45 / 0.63; head 0.25 / 0.37; pronotum 0.38 / 0.50, PA 0.40, PB 0.44; elytra 0.84 / 0.63. Dorsum dark brown, dull; legs brown; palpi light brown except distal 2 / 3 of last palpomere darker. Head and pronotum markedly microreticulate, setae short but distinctive. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices ca. 1 xpd. Mentum and postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 deep, oblique, separated by less than width of a fovea; PF 3 moderately deep, broad; PF 4 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, very effacedly microreticulate, width about 1 xpd, interstices between punctures of a row narrower, each puncture with distinctive short seta. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Plaques nearly absent, minute ovals at posterior of shallow median depression. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 3 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) at distal 2 / 3 slightly widened, with small, sharp tubercle; mesotibia simple; metatibia extremely weakly arcuate, nearly straight, without setal brush. Abdominal apex symmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 9) main-piece with small, truncate tipped process on right side, with a long cylindrical process issuing vertically from its base (visible in lateral view); left paramere angled at midlength, widened apically, setae sparse, in a row on ventral margin; right paramere widened at midlength and at apex, setae on enlarged apical part; gonopore bearing flagellum vertical. Female last tergite without incisions, with two transverse ridges, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB5FFC8FF37FB97FDAD33F0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the reticulate dorsum and the arid region this species inhabits.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB5FFC8FF37FB97FDAD33F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from the northern areas of Western Australia and Northern Territory, and northwestern Queensland (Fig. 246).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB4FFD7FF37FA8AFB0D3710.taxon	description	(Figs. 11, 15, 210, 248)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB4FFD7FF37FA8AFB0D3710.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Magnetic Island [ca. 19 ° 8 ' S, 146 ° 50 ' E] [labels: Magnetic I. N. Queensland A. M. Lea // Hydraena magnetica Zwick male Holotypus // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the SAMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB4FFD7FF37FA8AFB0D3710.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in size, body form and plaques to H. miniretia; differing therefrom by the non-microreticulate pronotal interstices and the more finely punctate elytral series (Figs. 11, 12). The aedeagi of the two species differ distinctively (Figs. 15, 16).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB4FFD7FF37FA8AFB0D3710.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.13 / 0.44; head 0.17 / 0.29; pronotum 0.29 / 0.37, PA 0.32, PB 0.33; elytra 0.67 / 0.44. Head and large pronotal macula piceous, margins of pronotum light to dark brown, elytra dark brown, legs and maxillary palpi light brown to testaceous. Frons punctures slightly smaller than 1 xef; interstices shining, 2 – 5 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices shining, 2 – 3 xpd, punctures denser at anterior, interstices ca. 1 – 2 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very small and shallow, nearly absent; PF 3 shallow. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually rounded to subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 3 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques narrow, elongate ovals, widely separated and nearly parallel to one another, located in posterior 1 / 3 of metaventrite on sides of shallow median depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia slightly widened near midlength; metatibia with small indistinct setae on medial surface of distal 0.5. Last sternite and last tergite simple, symmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 15) main-piece much wider distally than at base, with small, hook-like process on apical part of right side; distal piece (ventral view) with two lobes and two curving flagella; parameres simple, left slightly longer than right. Female last tergite with small apicomedian incision, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 210).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB4FFD7FF37FA8AFB0D3710.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from several localities in northern Queensland, three localities in southern Queensland, and two localities in Victoria (Fig. 248).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFB4FFD7FF37FA8AFB0D3710.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (137): Queensland, 15 km NE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 25, flight intercept trap, elev. 400 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 7 January – 12 February 1985, Storey & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); same locality, elev. 400 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 20 March – 1 May 1985, Storey & Titmarsh (2 QPIM); 30 km NE Brisbane, Mt. Nebo Road, Pond, ca. 200 m, Sclerophyll forest, elev. 540 m, 27 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 1) (3 NMW); 40 Mile Scrub N. P. via Mt. Garnet, MDPI intercept trap site No. 13, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 40 ' S, 145 ° 7 ' E, 21 December 1985 – 10 January 1986, Storey & Heiner (2 QPIM); Boggy Ck., 75 km Cooktown, Cooktown Rd., 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 26 April 1976, E. B. Britton (7 ANIC); Broken River, 50 miles W of Mackay, 19 ° 32 ' S, 144 ° 54 ' E, 30 November 1968, S. Misko (5 ANIC); Burnett River, Mt. Perry Rd., 25 ° 23 ' S, 151 ° 46 ' E, 15 August 2004, A. Glaister (1 NMW); Danbulla St. For., via Atherton, 17 ° 10 ' S, 145 ° 39 ' E, 14 June 1978, D. Gibson (1 ANIC); Emu Creek, 20 km S. Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 October 1990, D. Larson (10 MCZ); Girraween N. P., Bald Rock Creek at " Under-ground Creek ", ex. sand / gravel streambank, 28 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 57 ' E, 22 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (64 MCZ); Mulgrave River, The Fisheries, 17 ° 11 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 9 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Palmerston N. P., Learmouth Creek, ca. 14 km SE Millaa Millaa, on loop road, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, 17 ° 34 ' S, 145 ° 42 ' E, 16 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (7 MCZ); Parmentier Crk., 7 miles SW Kuranda, 16 ° 49 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 21 March 1969, J. Balfour-Browne (11 BMNH); Reedy St., George R. Cooktown Rd., 16 ° 28 ' S, 144 ° 46 ' E, 22 May 1976, E. B. Britton (3 ANIC); Victoria, Lerderderg River, 6.8 km N Bacchus Marsh, wet gravel and cobbles at edge of small river; dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 135 m, 37 ° 37 ' S, 144 ° 25 ' E, 20 September 1999, N. Porch (64) (18 ANIC); McKillops Bridge, Snowy River, gravel at edge of large and rising river; dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 185 m, 37 ° 5 ' S, 148 ° 23 ' E, 6 November 2000, N. Porch (NP 16) (1 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFABFFD6FF37F9CFFBC33558.taxon	description	(Figs. 12, 16, 255)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFABFFD6FF37F9CFFBC33558.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Mt. Hypipamee National Park, 14 km SW Malanda, elev. 960 m, rainforest, streamside litter, 17 ° 25 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 24 July 1982, S. & J. Peck. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes: Queensland, Leichhardt Creek, 8 km N Bluewater, 19 ° 10 ' S, 146 ° 32 ' E, 18 December 2002, A. J. & C. H. S. Watts (3 SAMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFABFFD6FF37F9CFFBC33558.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in size, body form and plaques to H. magnetica; differing therefrom by the microreticulate pronotal interstices and the more coarsely punctate elytral series (Figs. 11, 12). The aedeagi of the two species differ distinctively (Figs. 15, 16).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFABFFD6FF37F9CFFBC33558.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.13 / 0.46; head 0.17 / 0.30; pronotum 0.28 / 0.38, PA 0.33, PB 0.34; elytra. 68 / 0.46. Head and large pronotal macula dark brown to piceous, margins of pronotum light brown, elytra dark brown, legs and maxillary palpi light brown to testaceous. Head and pronotum effacedly microreticulate, weakly shining. Frons finely sparsely punctate, punctures distinctly smaller than 1 xef; interstices 2 – 6 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum weakly shining, effacedly microreticulate and very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 xef, interstices dull, 2 – 3 xpd, punctures slightly denser anteriorly and posteriorly, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 and PF 3 shallow. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 – 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 5 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques narrow, elongate ovals, moderately widely separated and parallel to one another, not distinctly tapering anteriorly, located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of shallow median depression. AIS flat, comparatively narrow, width at arcuate posterior margin slightly less than 2 x P 2. Legs simple, tibiae slender. Last sternite and last tergite simple, symmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 16) main-piece much wider distally than at base, with large process on apical part of right side; distal piece (ventral view) with small hook-like process on left side and weakly sclerotized, fimbriate edged, lobe on right side; parameres of about equal length, left paramere slightly widened in basal 1 / 2. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFABFFD6FF37F9CFFBC33558.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the small size and microreticulate pronotum.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFABFFD6FF37F9CFFBC33558.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northeastern Queensland (Fig. 255).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAAFFD5FF37FB37FBAD33A8.taxon	description	(Figs. 13, 17, 259)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAAFFD5FF37FB37FBAD33A8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, Mitchell Plateau, 16 mi. N Amax Camp, in spring pool drainage over basalt road, 14 ° 46 ' S, 125 ° 47 ' E, 21 October 1976, J. Kethley (112). Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (9): Western Australia, 14 km SbyE Kalumburu Mission, CALM Site 4 / 3 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, open forest, 14 ° 25 ' S, 126 ° 40 ' E, 3 – 6 June 1988, T. A. Weir (3 ANIC); Mitchell Plateau, 16 mi. N Amax Camp, in spring pool drainage over basalt road, 14 ° 46 ' S, 125 ° 47 ' E, 21 October 1976, J. Kethley (112) (2 ANIC); Synnot Ck., CALM Site 25 / 1 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, closed forest margin, 16 ° 31 ' S, 125 ° 16 ' E, 17 – 20 June 1988, T. A. Weir (4 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAAFFD5FF37FB37FBAD33A8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in small size and color to H. magnetica and H. miniretia; differing therefrom by the narrower body form, the nearly quadrate pronotum, and the lack of plaques (Figs. 11 – 13). The aedeagus of H. innuda differs distinctively from that of the compared species (Figs. 15 – 17).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAAFFD5FF37FB37FBAD33A8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.16 / 0.48; head 0.19 / 0.30; pronotum 0.28 / 0.37, PA 0.33, PB 0.34; elytra 0.68 / 0.48. Head and pronotal disc piceous, margins of pronotum and elytra dark brown, legs and maxillary palpi brown. Frons finely sparsely punctate, punctures distinctly smaller than 1 xef; interstices strongly shining, 2 – 6 xpd. Clypeus shining and nearly impunctate in midline, finely sparsely punctate laterally. Mentum and postmentum dull, microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 xef, interstices shining, 2 – 3 xpd, punctures slightly denser anteriorly and posteriorly, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 – 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form very weak or no angle with one another. Plaques absent. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Metaventral depression deep. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin slightly less than 2 x P 2. Legs simple, tibiae slender. Last sternite and last tergite simple, symmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 17) main-piece in ventral view only slightly wider distally than at base, in lateral view markedly angulate; right side of main-piece produced in large process; distal piece comparatively simple, with dorsal lobe covered in small tubercles; parameres simple, about equal in length, setae rather long, not divided into distinct groups. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAAFFD5FF37FB37FBAD33A8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the lack of plaques.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAAFFD5FF37FB37FBAD33A8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northern Western Australia (Fig. 259).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA9FFD4FF37FAD2FB6B32C0.taxon	description	(Figs. 14, 23, 211, 228, 259)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA9FFD4FF37FAD2FB6B32C0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Victoria, Kangaroo Creek on Springhill Rd., 5.8 km E Glenlyon, elev. 510 m, amongst weeds in shallow water at edge of creek (perennial) pools, dry sclerophyll forest, 37 ° 18 ' S, 144 ° 18 ' E, 31 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 24 a). Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes: Same data as holotype (31 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA9FFD4FF37FAD2FB6B32C0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally most similar to H. millerorum; differing therefrom by the denser and smaller dorsal punctation, the slightly smaller elytra, and the less deeply impressed pronotal foveae PF 2 (Figs. 14, 19). The most reliable determinations will be based on examination of the aedeagi of the two species (Figs. 23, 24).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA9FFD4FF37FAD2FB6B32C0.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.52 / 0.59; head 0.25 / 0.35; pronotum 0.36 / 0.46, PA 0.38, PB 0.39; elytra 0.91 / 0.59. Dorsum dark brown, legs and maxillary palpi brown, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd and deeper those of frons, interstices shin- ing, ca. 1 xpd anteriorly and posteriorly, ca. 2 – 3 xpd on disc; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 moderately deep, oblique; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Anterior margin of pronotum broadly emarginate. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly moderately sharply rounded, in posterior aspect margins do not form angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 7 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques almost parallel, not raised, located on each side of deep depression. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Carina behind mesocoxae strong. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. All femora thickened. Protibia (male) widest at midlength, excavate on inner surface, prominent spine at beginning of excavation; mesotibia simple; metatibia nearly straight, very weakly emarginate on inner surface over distal 3 / 4. Last sternite symmetrical; last tergite with small, slightly off-center notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 23) main-piece with distal extended part arcuate, tapering to a fimbriate tip, continuing slightly above and beyond distal piece; distal piece with two lobes of about equal size, the left with a process near the base (ventral view), the right with the apex blunt and expanded (lateral view); left paramere slender, straight, about twice as long as right paramere, with cluster of about five setae on inner margin near apex; right paramere very slightly arcuate, with setae in two groups at weakly widened apex, all setae about equal in length. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite and spermatheca as illustrated (Figs. 211, 228).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA9FFD4FF37FAD2FB6B32C0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the collector, Nicholas Porch.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA9FFD4FF37FAD2FB6B32C0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in Victoria (Fig. 259).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA8FFD3FF37FBBFFB343290.taxon	description	(Figs. 19, 24, 261)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA8FFD3FF37FBBFFB343290.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Victoria, Traralgon Creek, 0.2 km N ' Hogg Bridge', 5.0 km NNW Balook, ex wet litter on bank and in water, elev. 170 m, 38 ° 24 ' S, 146 ° 32 ' E, 13 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 10). Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (9): New South Wales, Headwaters of Nullica River, headwater stream, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 47 ' E, 10 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 659) (2 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 47 ' E, 24 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 659) (2 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Crawleys Creek, 36 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 13 – 22 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 731) (3 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Nungatta Creek, 36 ° 7 ' S, 149 ° 29 ' E, 12 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 b) (1 ANIC); Victoria, Traralgon Creek, 0.2 km N ' Hogg Bridge', 5.0 km NNW Balook, ex wet litter on bank and in water, elev. 170 m, 38 ° 24 ' S, 146 ° 32 ' E, 13 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 10) (1 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA8FFD3FF37FBBFFB343290.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally most similar to H. porchi; differing therefrom by the sparser and coarser dorsal punctation, the slightly larger elytra, and the more deeply impressed pronotal foveae PF 2 (Figs. 14, 19). The most reliable determinations will be based on examination of the aedeagi of the two species (Figs. 23, 24).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA8FFD3FF37FBBFFB343290.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.52 / 0.61; head 0.25 / 0.35; pronotum 0.37 / 0.47, PA 0.40, PB 0.41; elytra 0.93 / 0.61. Head piceous; pronotum and elytra dark brown, pronotum lighter narrowly on margins; legs brown; palpi light brown, tip not darkened. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, shining and finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd anteriorly and posteriorly, 2 – 4 xpd on disc; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 moderately deep, oblique; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 6 / 5. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides weakly converging, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression, each plaque tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) widened to about midlength, then markedly excavate, a prominent spine at base of excavation; meso- and metatibiae slender, metatibia weakly emarginate on medial margin over distal 2 / 3. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite very weakly emarginate. Aedeagus (Fig. 24) main-piece with distal extended part arcuate, continuing slightly above and beyond distal piece, distinctly widened subapically, extreme tip slightly widened and bearing minute tubercles; distal piece with two lobes, the right larger than the left, the left with a minute lobe near the base (ventral view), the right with the apex blunt and widened (lateral view); left paramere slender, very weakly sinuate, about 1 / 3 longer than right paramere, with cluster of about four setae on inner margin near apex; right paramere straight except angled at base of widened tip, with setae in two groups, the apical group about four times as long as the other group. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA8FFD3FF37FBBFFB343290.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Jan and Robert Miller of New South Wales, who collected many of the specimens.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA8FFD3FF37FBBFFB343290.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Victoria and southern New South Wales (Fig. 261).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAFFFD2FF37FC4FFAE73220.taxon	description	(Figs. 20, 25, 260)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAFFFD2FF37FC4FFAE73220.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Australian Capital Territory, Wombat Creek, 6 km NE of Piccadilly Circus, flight intercept window / trough trap, elev. 750 m, 35 ° 19 ' S, 148 ° 51 ' E, 1 – 30 August 1984, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (6): Australian Capital Territory, Same locality as holotype, 1 – 30 March 1984, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson (1 ANIC); same locality, elev. 750 m, 35 ° 19 ' S, 148 ° 51 ' E, 1 – 30 March 1985, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson (1 ANIC); same locality, elev. 750 m, 35 ° 19 ' S, 148 ° 51 ' E, 1 – 30 October 1985, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson (1 ANIC); Victoria, Mitta Mitta River, 8 km NW of Dartmouth Dam, 36 ° 30 ' S, 147 ° 26 ' E, 5 November 1976, A. A. Calder (3 MVMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAFFFD2FF37FC4FFAE73220.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally most similar to H. porchi (Figs. 14, 20); differing therefrom by the slightly sparser dorsal punctation, and the slightly larger elytra. Reliable determinations will be based on examination of the aedeagi of the two species (Figs. 23, 25).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAFFFD2FF37FC4FFAE73220.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.49 / 0.61; head 0.25 / 0.35; pronotum 0.36 / 0.47, PA 0.38, PB 0.41; elytra 0.88 / 0.61. Dorsum dark brown, marginal areas of pronotum slightly lighter than disc, legs brown, maxillary palpi testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices weakly shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1.5 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, ca. 2 – 4 xpd; punctures larger and deeper anteriorly and posteriorly, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 shallow, oblique; PF 3 moderately deep, broad; PF 4 very shallow. Anterior margin of pronotum broadly emarginate. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 – 1.5 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly moderately sharply rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 7 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in pro- file. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques converging and narrowly separate anteriorly, not raised, located on each side of deep subtriangular depression. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur (male) with tiny tubercle on medial surface near distal 1 / 3; protibia gradually widened to near distal 1 / 3, then excavate on inner surface, small spine at beginning of excavation; mesotibia simple; metatibia nearly straight, very weakly emarginate on inner surface over distal 3 / 4. Last tergite with apical, small, very slightly off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 25) main-piece with distal extended part arcuate, tapering to a fimbriate tip, continuing above and beyond distal piece; distal piece with two lobes, the right slightly larger than the left, the left with two weak enlargements on left margin (ventral view), the right lobe with apex blunt and expanded (lateral view); left paramere slender, almost straight, about twice as long as right paramere, with cluster of about five setae on inner margin at apex; right paramere very slightly arcuate, with setae in two groups at widened apex, all setae about equal in length. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slen- der, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAFFFD2FF37FC4FFAE73220.taxon	etymology	Etymology. " Thin sister "; named in reference to the slender body form, compared with H. latisoror and H. williamsensis.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAFFFD2FF37FC4FFAE73220.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Victoria and the Australian Capital Territory (Fig. 260).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAEFFD1FF37FC1FFDF13220.taxon	description	(Figs. 21, 26, 255)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAEFFD1FF37FC1FFDF13220.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Lamington N. P., stream at head of Moran's Falls, brushing boulders and bedrock at stream margin, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 2 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (9): New South Wales, Border Ranges N. P., Sheepstation Creek, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, elev. 300 m, 28 ° 23 ' S, 153 ° 2 ' E, 29 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Queensland, Joalah Nat. Park, Tambourine Mt.; ANIC Berl. No. 656, litter and flood debris, 27 ° 53 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 23 July 1979, J. F. Lawrence (3 QMBA); Lamington N. P., Binna Burra, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 10 January 2001, T. Ueno (2 KUEC); Lamington N. P., stream at head of Moran's Falls, brushing boulders and bedrock at stream margin, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 2 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (2 MCZ); Natural Bridge N. P., Cave Creek, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 15 ' E, 31 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAEFFD1FF37FC1FFDF13220.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. A very broad species, similar in this respect to H. williamensis (Figs. 21, 22); differing therefrom by the more densely, more coarsely punctate dorsum, the wider mesoventral intercoxal process, and the distinct, widely spaced plaques. The aedeagi of the two species differ distinctively (Figs. 26, 27).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAEFFD1FF37FC1FFDF13220.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.51 / 0.64; head 0.24 / 0.38; pronotum 0.40 / 0.53, PA 0.42, PB 0.45; elytra 0.87 / 0.64. Head dark brown; pronotal disc dark brown, surrounding areas brown; elytra dark brown; legs light brown; palpi light brown to testaceous, tip not darkened. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd and deeper than those of frons, interstices shining, 0.5 – 1 xpd, only slightly sparser on disc than anteriorly and posteriorly; PF 1 absent; PF 2 moderately deep, oblique; PF 3 shallow, broad; PF 4 very shallow, almost absent. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd or slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 0.5 – 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly, rather sharply rounded, in posterior aspect margins form very weak angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 5 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel or very weakly converging, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression, parallel or nearly so, each plaque very weakly tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) widened to about distal 1 / 3, then markedly excavate on medial surface, a prominent spine at base of excavation; meso- and metatibiae slender, metatibia weakly arcuate, without setal brushes. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with small apicomedian concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 26) main-piece with distal extended part wide, except abruptly tapering at tip, continuing beyond distal piece; distal piece with two lobes, the right much larger than the left, the left with two processes on the outer margin; left paramere slender for most of length, widened apically, very weakly sinuate, much longer than right paramere, with cluster of about four large setae on inner margin below apex; right paramere widened apically and near midlength, with setae in one group at apex. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAEFFD1FF37FC1FFDF13220.taxon	etymology	Etymology. " Wide sister "; named in reference to the wide body form, compared with H. tenuisoror and H. williamensis.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFAEFFD1FF37FC1FFDF13220.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from southeastern corner of Queensland and adjacent northernmost eastern New South Wales (Fig. 255).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFADFFD0FF37FC1FFCBD32C0.taxon	description	(Figs. 22, 27, 28, 254)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFADFFD0FF37FC1FFCBD32C0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, Upper Williams River [labels: Upper. Williams. R Oct. 1926. N. S. W. F. E. Wilson // 2271 Type // Hydraena williamsensis, Deane. Det. C. Deane // F. E. Wilson Collection // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the MVMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFADFFD0FF37FC1FFCBD32C0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. A very broad species, similar in this respect to H. latisoror (Figs. 21, 22); differing therefrom by the less densely, less coarsely punctate dorsum, the narrower mesoventral intercoxal process, the non-hydrofuge pubescent metaventral disc, and the obsolete plaques. The aedeagi of the two species differ distinctively (Figs. 26 – 28).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFADFFD0FF37FC1FFCBD32C0.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.52 / 0.64; head 0.23 / 0.38; pronotum 0.40 / 0.58, PA 0.44, PB 0.46; elytra 0.89 / 0.64. Dorsum dark brown, lateral areas of pronotum slightly lighter, legs brown, maxillary palpi brown to testaceous. Frons punctures ca. 1.5 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd and deeper those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd, punctures denser at anterior; PF 1 absent; PF 2 distinct, oblique; PF 3 very shallow. Area between PF 3 and PF 4 weakly convex. Anterior margin of pronotum broadly emarginate. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly moderately sharply rounded, in posterior aspect margins do not form angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 5 / 6 / 5. P 1 laminate; median carina posterior extreme slightly more elevated than remainder. P 2 very narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques indistinct, not well delimited laterally, punctate, located on each side of deep oval depression. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Carina behind mesocoxae strong. Disc of metaventrite lacking hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at straight posterior margin 5 x P 2. All femora thickened. Protibia widest at midlength, prominent spine on inner surface at distal 3 / 5. Mesotibia widest near midlength. Metatibia weakly emarginate on inner surface over distal 3 / 4. All tarsi short, ca. 1 / 3 width of pronotum. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite cap-like. Aedeagus (Figs. 27, 28) main-piece with distal extended part arcuate, continuing slightly beyond distal piece; distal piece with two lobes, the left slightly larger than the right, and with two processes on the left margin; left paramere slender, straight, much longer than right paramere, with cluster of about five setae on inner margin at apex; right paramere slightly arcuate, with setae in two groups at apex. Female last tergite with rather deep apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFADFFD0FF37FC1FFCBD32C0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. A rarely collected species, currently known from New South Wales (Fig. 254).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFADFFD0FF37FC1FFCBD32C0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has been collected from streamside flood debris, wet leaf litter, and rotten wood litter, indicating that it is probably semi-humicolous in habits. The morphology concurs with this prediction, having characters similar to other Hydraena collected in litter: 1) a broad body form, 2) strong dorsal punctation, 3) short stout legs with enlarged femora and short tarsi, and 4) obsolete metaventral plaques.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFADFFD0FF37FC1FFCBD32C0.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (17): New South Wales, 48 km N Singleton, Tuglo Wildlf. Ref., rainforest litter along “ Turkey Crk. ”, FMHD # 83 - 283, 33 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 59 ' E, 23 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (1 FMNH); Dorrigo N. P., Never Never Picnic area, 12 km E Dorrigo, Cedar Falls Trail, Berlesate ANIC 1601, cut warm temp. closed forest, rotten wood litter, elev. 730 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 22 May 1993, D. S. Chandler (10 ANIC); Dorrigo N. P., Sassafras Creek, upstream from Casuarina Falls, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 27 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Dorrigo N. P., south slope Dome Mt., subtropical rainforest, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 86 - 682, elev. 720 m, 30 ° 21 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 28 December 1986, A. Newton & M. Thayer (778) (5 FMNH).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFACFFDEFF37F9DFFCCC33F0.taxon	description	(Figs. 29, 30, 33, 34, 249)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFACFFDEFF37F9DFFCCC33F0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Lectotype (male): Northern Territory, Macdonnel Ranges, Reedy Creek [labels: Lectotype [written on card with specimen] // Reedy Cr. // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // Central Ausl. coll. Horn Exp. Pres. 7 - 97 // HYDRAENA simplicicollis, Blackb. // Type // Lecto & Paralectotype design. by P. Zwick, 1972 // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // LECTOTYPE T- 13135 Hydraena simplicicollis Blackburn, 1896]. Deposited in the MVMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFACFFDEFF37F9DFFCCC33F0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Very similar in habitus to H. brittoni (Figs. 29 – 31); differing therefrom by the slightly wider mesoventral process (compared to the plaque width), the slightly more widely separated plaques, and the slightly coarser dorsal punctation. Reliable determinations will be based on examination of the aedeagi (Figs. 33 – 36).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFACFFDEFF37F9DFFCCC33F0.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.59 / 0.70; head 0.24 / 0.37; pronotum 0.39 / 0.52, PA 0.42, PB 0.48; elytra 0.95 / 0.70. Head dark brown to piceous, pronotum and elytra brown, anterior and posterior margins of pronotum slightly lighter, legs and palpi yellowish. Frons punctures ca. 1 – 2 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 – 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 2 – 4 xpd, punctures denser at anterior, a few separated by narrow walls; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very small, nearly absent; PF 3 moderately deep. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 /. 2 / 2.2 / 1. P 1 laminate; median carina slightly angulate in profile. P 2 moderately wide, l / w ca. 3 / 4, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median triangular depression, plaques very narrow, straight, converging, anteriorly very narrowly separated. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 1.5 x P 2. All tibiae simple, slender. Last sternite very slightly asymmetrical; last tergite with very small, slightly off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Figs. 33, 34) main-piece with long pointed process on right side about equal in length to right paramere, which is behind it; distal piece with several diagnostic processes; left paramere moderately wide in distal 1 / 2, four short, stout, arcuate setae at apex, setae along ventral margin sparse, long, and thin; right paramere somewhat knife-shaped, setae in row on ventral margin. Female last tergite with deep apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFACFFDEFF37F9DFFCCC33F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Rather widely distributed in eastern Queensland, plus some populations in the ' center', and one locality record each in northern Northern Territory and northern Western Australia (Fig. 249).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFACFFDEFF37F9DFFCCC33F0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. A labelling problem was encountered with the type specimens. Zwick (1977: 175) stated that the lectotype was a male from Reedy Creek; however, I found that this specimen had a paralectotype label. The specimen bearing the lectotype label was a previously undissected female which had a " Paisl Bl " [= Paisley Bluff] locality label; this specimen is designated a paralectotype in Zwick (1977). Since there is only one male with the Reedy Creek locality label, this must be the lectotype. I have therefore switched the labels, placing the lectotype label with the male, and the paralectotype label with the female. I have consulted with Ken Walker, curator at the MVMA, who concurs with the label changes.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFACFFDEFF37F9DFFCCC33F0.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (172): Northern Territory, Baramundi Creek, Kakadu N. P., 12 ° 49 ' S, 132 ° 51 ' E, 18 March 1998, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Ellery Creek, 23 ° 50 ' S, 132 ° 58 ' E, 1 – 30 July 1897, unknown (paralectotype) (1 MVMA); Ellery Creek, Big Hole, 23 ° 50 ' S, 132 ° 58 ' E, 16 March 1998, C. H. S. Watts (29 SAMA); Ormiston Gorge, 23 ° 37 ' S, 132 ° 43 ' E, 16 March 1998, C. Watts (37 SAMA); Paisl [ey] Bl [uff], Central Australia, coll. Horn Exped., 23 ° 42 ' S, 133 ° 20 ' E, 1 – 30 July 1897, unknown (paralectotype) (2 MVMA); Serpentine Gorge, West Macdonnells N. P., permanent rocky pools, sandy bottom, overhanging and floating vegetation, 23 ° 44 ' S, 132 ° 59 ' E, 8 March 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); Standley Chasm, 23 ° 43 ' S, 133 ° 27 ' E, 1 – 30 April 1968, C. Watts (9 SAMA); same locality, 23 ° 43 ' S, 133 ° 27 ' E, 25 July 1969, D. D. Giuliani (7 WAMP); Queensland, 15 km E Mareeba, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 6 February 1989, H. & A. Howden (2 CMNO); 40 Mile Scrub N. P. via Mt. Garnet, MDPI intercept trap site No. 13, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 40 ' S, 145 ° 7 ' E, 3 – 23 October 1985, Storey & Heiner (1 QPIM); same locality, 17 ° 40 ' S, 145 ° 7 ' E, 28 November – 21 December 1985, Storey & Heiner (2 QPIM); 6 km SE Mareeba, MDPI F. I. T. site 36, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 19 April – 17 May 1991, S. De Faveri (1 QPIM); 9 km S Lakeland, 15 ° 53 ' S, 144 ° 47 ' E, 16 April 1980, G. F. Hevel, J. A. Fortin (5 USNM); Boggy Ck., 75 km Cooktown, Cooktown Rd., 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 26 April 1976, E. B. Britton (8 ANIC); Burdekin R., 19 ° 41 ' S, 147 ° 36 ' E, 1 November 1995, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Burnett River, Mt. Perry Rd., 25 ° 23 ' S, 151 ° 46 ' E, 15 August 2004, A. Glaister (1 NMW); Edungalba, flight intercept trap, 23 ° 43 ' S, 149 ° 50 ' E, 1 January 1987, H. & A. Howden (6 ANIC); Gladstone [no date], 23 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 16 ' E ,, Lea (1 SAMA); Greenvale, 10 km E, 18 ° 57 ' S, 144 ° 50 ' E, 2 November 1995, C. Watts (13 SAMA); Magnetic Island [no date], 19 ° 8 ' S, 146 ° 50 ' E ,, A. M. Lea (3 SAMA); Pinnarendi Stn., 60 km W of Mt. Garnet, at light, 17 ° 40 ' S, 145 ° 7 ' E, 7 February 1989, D. Meiiner (1 QPIM); Reedy St., George R. Cooktown Rd., 16 ° 28 ' S, 144 ° 46 ' E, 22 May 1976, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Reid R. E of Charters Towers, 19 ° 45 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E, 4 May 1998, C. H. S. Watts (26 SAMA); Reid R. E of Mingela, 19 ° 45 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E, 4 May 1998, C. H. S. Watts (5 SAMA); Rocky Creek, Kennedy Hwy., 17 ° 11 ' S, 145 ° 27 ' E, 27 May 1976, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Southedge Research Station, 12 km NW Mareeba, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 55 ' S, 145 ° 15 ' E, 23 January 1989 (2 CMNO); Windsor Tablelands, roadside pond, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 7 February 1991, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Western Australia, Behn River, East Kimberley [no date], 16 ° 23 ' S, 128 ° 51 ' E, Helms, Griffith (3 SAMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA2FFDDFF37FCA5FD543248.taxon	description	(Figs. 31, 35, 36, 239)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA2FFDDFF37FCA5FD543248.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, Millstream [ca. 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E] [labels: (21.35 S 117.04 E) Millstream, WA., 2. xi. 70 from gravel at edge of pool at pipe crossing. E. Britton // [pink label] Holotype // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena brittoni Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA2FFDDFF37FCA5FD543248.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Very similar in habitus to H. simplicicollis (Figs. 29 – 31); differing therefrom by the slightly narrower mesoventral process (compared to the plaque width), the slightly less widely separated plaques, and the slightly less coarse dorsal punctation. Reliable determinations will be based on examination of the aedeagi (Figs. 33 – 36).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA2FFDDFF37FCA5FD543248.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.59 / 0.68; head 0.24 / 0.38; pronotum 0.43 / 0.51, PA 0.42, PB 0.46; elytra 0.99 / 0.68. Head piceous, pronotum piceous on disc, dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, elytra dark brown, legs and maxillary palpi brown, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, shining and finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd, punctures denser anteriorly and posteriorly, separated by narrow walls to 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very small, nearly absent; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 1 / 8 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina slightly angulate in profile. P 2 moderately wide, l / w ca. 3 / 4, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median triangular depression, plaques narrow, straight, converging, anterior separation ca. 1 / 2 posterior separation. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin slightly less than 2 x P 2. All tibiae slender, simple. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Figs. 35, 36) main-piece with pointed process on right side, shorter than right paramere, which is partially behind it; distal piece with several diagnostic processes; left paramere moderately wide in distal 1 / 2, setae at apex, about seven, very stout, setae along ventral margin, about five, widely spaced, long, and thin; right paramere sharpely pointed at apex, setae in row on ventral margin. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA2FFDDFF37FCA5FD543248.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from western Western Australia (Fig. 239).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA2FFDDFF37FCA5FD543248.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (89): Western Australia, 0.5 km WNW of Millstream, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 7 April 1970, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); 1 km N Red Hill Station, 21 ° 58 ' S, 116 ° 4 ' E, 22 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (1 SAMA); 10 km NW Eerala Station, 21 ° 19 ' S, 117 ° 2 ' E, 23 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (6 SAMA); Cane River, Hwy 1 crossing, 21 ° 58 ' S, 115 ° 35 ' E, 22 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (2 SAMA); Millstream, Crossing pool, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 24 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (15 SAMA); Millstream, Crystal Pool, at light, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 5 November 1970, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Millstream, gravel at water’s edge in pipe crossing pool, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 2 November 1970, E. Britton (20 ANIC); Millstream, shallow stream, from gravel at edge of pool at pipe crossing, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 2 November 1970, E. Britton (36 ANIC, 1 NMW); Millstream, shallow stream, gravel margins of Crossing Pool, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 1 November 1970, E. Britton (2 ANIC); Millstream, waterside gravel in pipe Crossing Pool, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 5 November 1970, E. Britton (3 ANIC); Woodstock Station, at UV florescent light at night 6: 00 to 7: 30 PM, 21 ° 37 ' S, 119 ° 1 ' E, 24 September 1988, B. P. Hanich (site WS 9) (1 WAMP).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA1FFDCFF37FC27FCE232B8.taxon	description	(Figs. 18, 32, 258)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA1FFDCFF37FC27FCE232B8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Roderick Creek, Gregory N. P., Operation Raleigh, at light, 15 ° 38 ' S, 131 ° 22 ' E, 4 – 6 July 1986, I. Archibald. Deposited in the MAGD. Paratypes (14): Northern Territory, Border Waterhole, Musselbrook Ck. 15 km W by S of Musselbrook Mining Camp (QLD), small rocky pools above gorge, sandy bottom, algal growth, roots in water, 18 ° 37 ' S, 137 ° 59 ' E, 14 May 1995, T. Weir (2 ANIC); Queensland, Musselbrook Creek, 2 km S of Musselbrook Mining Camp, large pool in rocky creek, sandy bottom, 18 ° 37 ' S, 138 ° 8 ' E, 9 May 1995, T. Weir (2 ANIC); Western Australia, 14 km SbyE Kalumburu Mission, CALM Site 4 / 3 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, open forest, 14 ° 25 ' S, 126 ° 40 ' E, 3 – 6 June 1988, T. A. Weir (1 ANIC); Beverly Springs, 16 ° 43 ' S, 125 ° 28 ' E, 1 September 1969, D. D. Giuliani (2 WAMP); East Kimberley, Meelarie Creek, 5 km N Drysdale Crossing, elev. 350 m, 15 ° 40 ' S, 126 ° 24 ' E, 19 June 1999, L. Hendrich (2 NMW); near Dampier Downs, 18 ° 31 ' S, 123 ° 27 ' E, 23 December 1968, D. D. Giuliani (3 WAMP); Synnot Ck., CALM Site 25 / 1 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, closed forest margin, 16 ° 31 ' S, 125 ° 16 ' E, 17 – 20 June 1988, T. A. Weir (2 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA1FFDCFF37FC27FCE232B8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in habitus to H. simplicicollis and H. brittoni (Figs. 29 – 32); differing therefrom by the slightly coarser dorsal punctation, the thinner plaques which are narrow lines, widely separated posteriorly and converging anteriorly; and, in males, the metatibiae with a fringe of short, hair-like setae over the distal 1 / 2. The aedeagus differs in several respects from the aedeagi of the compared species (Figs. 18, 33 – 36).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA1FFDCFF37FC27FCE232B8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.58 / 0.68; head 0.25 / 0.39; pronotum 0.38 / 0.49, PA 0.42, PB 0.47; elytra 0.92 / 0.68. Head piceous, pronotum piceous on disc, dark brown anteriorly and posteriorly, elytra dark brown, legs and maxillary palpi brown, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, shining and finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticu- late. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd, punctures denser anteriorly and posteriorly, separated by narrow walls to 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very small, nearly absent; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 /. 3 / 8 / 5. P 1 laminate; median carina slightly angulate in profile. P 2 moderately wide, l / w ca. 3 / 4, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 0.7 of metaventrite on sides of deep median subtriangular depression, plaques very narrow lines, not raised, straight, converging, anterior separation ca. 1 / 2 posterior separation. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin slightly less than 2 x P 2. Protibia and mesotibia slender, simple; metatibia slender, medial margin with fringe of short, hair-like setae over distal 1 / 2. Last tergite with small apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 18) main-piece with pointed process on right side about equal in length to right paramere, which is behind it; distal piece with several diagnostic processes; left paramere very wide in distal 1 / 2, setae sparse, long, and thin; right paramere with large lobe in basal 1 / 2, setae in row on ventral margin. Female last tergite with rather deep apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA1FFDCFF37FC27FCE232B8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the metaventral plaques, which are converging lines.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA1FFDCFF37FC27FCE232B8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northwestern Queensland, northeastern Western Australia, and an intermediate locality in Northern Territory (Fig. 258).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA0FFD9FF37F8DAFE483308.taxon	description	(Figs. 37, 41, 42, 212, 227, 249)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA0FFD9FF37F8DAFE483308.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (female): Victoria, Marysville. [labels: Marysville Deane // Type // Hydraena castanea, Deane. Det. C. Deane // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins].	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA0FFD9FF37F8DAFE483308.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in some external characters to H. clavigera (Figs. 37, 39, 40); differing therefrom by the larger body size (ca. 1.70 vs. 1.50 mm), the wider and non-maculate pronotum, the more sparsely punctate pronotal disc, the less convex elytra, the slightly shorter (compared to width) last maxillary palpomere, and the narrower, more widely spaced plaques. The aedeagi of the two species show a similarity in basic plan, but differ distinctively in many details (Figs. 41 – 44).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA0FFD9FF37F8DAFE483308.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.75 / 0.73; head 0.30 / 0.43; pronotum 0.43 / 0.60, PA 0.43, PB 0.50; elytra 1.06 / 0.73. Dorsum dark brown, lateral areas of pronotum, shoulders of elytra and elytral apices lighter, legs brown, maxillary palpi testaceous, tips of palpi not lighter. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, shining and very finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae very weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd and deeper those of frons, interstices shining, anteriorly and posteriorly ca 1 xpd, on disc ca. 3 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 shallow, oblique; PF 3 moderately deep, broad; PF 4 very shallow. Anterior margin of pronotum broadly emarginate. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rather sharply rounded, in posterior aspect margins form very weak angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 5 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques parallel, not raised, located on each side of deep depression. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Carina behind mesocoxae strong. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. All femora thickened. Protibia (male) widest at midlength, excavate on inner surface, prominent spine at beginning of excavation. Mesotibia simple. Metatibia nearly straight, very weakly emarginate on inner surface over distal 3 / 4. Last sternite almost symmetrical; last tergite notched apicomedially. Aedeagus (Figs. 41, 42) main-piece with distal part extended on both left and right sides, right side process in two parts, one " above " the other; distal piece with long gonopore-bearing flagellum to left of which (ventral view) is narrow process; left paramere moderately wide in lateral aspect, setae at apex and small group of short setae on dorsal margin subapically; right paramere bisinuate, setae in two groups. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision, delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite and spermatheca as illustrated (Figs. 212, 227).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA0FFD9FF37F8DAFE483308.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Victoria, Australian Capital Territory, and New South Wales (Fig. 249).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA0FFD9FF37F8DAFE483308.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The holotype is a female; I have drawn the aedeagus of a specimen from Victoria, Tarra-Bulga National Park.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA0FFD9FF37F8DAFE483308.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (657): Australian Capital Territory, Blundells Ck. 3 km E of Piccadilly Circus, flight intercept window / trough trap, elev. 850 m, 35 ° 22 ' S, 148 ° 50 ' E, 1 January – 30 March 1984, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson (3 ANIC); Wombat Creek, 6 km NE of Piccadilly Circus, flight intercept window / trough trap, elev. 750 m, 35 ° 19 ' S, 148 ° 51 ' E, 1 – 30 March 1985, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson (1 ANIC); New South Wales, 10.5 km W Kangaroo Valley, Barrengarry Mtn., litter along intermittent stream, FMHD # 83 - 217, 34 ° 39 ' S, 150 ° 29 ' E, 10 June 1983, L. E. Watrous (4 FMNH); Cabbage Tree Creek, Canberra / Coast Road, gravel and sand at edge of small densely shaded stream in sclerophyll forest, elev. 85 m, 35 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 2 ' E, 22 July 2000, N. Porch (93) (2 ANIC); Clyde Mt., rainforest litter, 35 ° 32 ' S, 149 ° 57 ' E, 3 March 1968, J. Balderson (1 ANIC); Clyde Mt. (summit), ANIC Berlesate No. 658, 35 ° 32 ' S, 149 ° 57 ' E, 27 September 1979, I. D. Naumann & J. C. Cardale (33 ANIC); Dorrigo N. P., south slope Dome Mt., subtropical rainforest, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 86 - 682, elev. 720 m, 30 ° 21 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 28 December 1986, A. Newton & M. Thayer (778) (1 FMNH); Headwaters of Nullica River, headwater stream, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 47 ' E, 24 June 1997, J. & R. Miller (site 659) (2 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 47 ' E, 10 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 659) (7 ANIC); Mt. Wilson, rainforest litter nr. stream, FMHD # 83 - 276, 33 ° 30 ' S, 150 ° 22 ' E, 18 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (5 FMNH); New England N. P., Berlesate ANIC 863, Nothofagus moorei litter, 30 ° 40 ' S, 152 ° 23 ' E, 15 November 1982, J. Doyen (1 ANIC); New England N. P., Robinson’s Knob Rd., 1 km E Park gate, Nothofagus moorei forest, level, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 87 - 156, elev. 1305 m, 30 ° 30 ' S, 152 ° 24 ' E, 14 January 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (780) (14 FMNH); Royal N. P., Palm Gully, off Lady Wakehurst Drive, subtropical rainforest, wet leaves & flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 86 - 669, elev. 80 m, 34 ° 9 ' S, 151 ° 2 ' E, 25 December 1986, A. Newton & M. Thayer (774) (4 FMNH); Unnamed creek drains into Crawleys Creek, 36 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 13 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 731) (11 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Nullica River, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 11 October 1997, J. & R. Miller (site 661) (30 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 25 October 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 661) (18 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Nungatta Creek, 36 ° 7 ' S, 149 ° 29 ' E, 11 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 a) (1 ANIC); same locality, 21 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 a) (2 ANIC); same locality, 22 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 b) (4 ANIC); same locality, 23 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 d) (38 ANIC); same locality, 23 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 c) (75 ANIC); same locality, 12 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 b) (19 ANIC); same locality, 13 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 d) (18 ANIC); same locality, 13 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 c) (32 ANIC); same locality, 16 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 e) (6 ANIC); same locality, 24 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 e) (5 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Old Hut Creek, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 18 June 1997, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (2 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 12 October 1997, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (1 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 12 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (75 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 23 October 1999, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (8 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Yowaka River, 36 ° 57 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 26 June 1997, J. & R. Miller (site 717) (11 ANIC); same locality, 36 ° 57 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 15 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 717) (25 ANIC); Victoria, Baw Baw Alpine Res., entrance gate, Eucalyptus spp. forest, berl., wet debris, forest stream, elev. 720 m, 37 ° 51 ' S, 146 ° 14 ' E, 26 February 1993, A. Newton & M. Thayer (5 FMNH); Big Tree Creek, at Tanjil River, East Branch, 4 km SE of Tanjil Bren, littery sand at edge of small roadside section of creek; wet sclerophyll forests surrounds, elev. 495 m, 37 ° 49 ' S, 146 ° 11 ' E, 10 December 2000, N. Porch & R. Porch (NP 07) (2 ANIC); Delatite River below Sawmill Settlement, 37 ° 7 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 24 February 1972, Hynes (1 PZC); Faith Creek, 5 km SW of Mt. Baw Baw, ex. water splashed rocks in small cascading montane creek beside road; Nothofagus rainforest / wet sclerophyll forest, elev. 600 m, 37 ° 52 ' S, 146 ° 14 ' E, 2 December 1999, N. Porch (44) (5 ANIC); Gembrook, south of, muddy litter of small mud / sand banks of small, shaded, forest stream; wet sclerophyll forest, elev. 245 m, 37 ° 55 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 8 April 2000, N. Porch & N. Krause (NP 63) (7 ANIC); Godfrey’s Creek above AI Mine Settlement, 38 ° 36 ' S, 143 ° 54 ' E, 23 April 1972, Hynes (1 PZC); same locality, 38 ° 36 ' S, 143 ° 54 ' E, 11 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Loddon Falls, base of, NE of Glenlyon, sandy gravel at edge of waterfall splashpool in scrubby gorge [stream], elev. 470 m, 37 ° 16 ' S, 144 ° 14 ' E, 16 March 2001, N. Porch & K. Sniderman (19) (1 ANIC); Loddon River at Guildford, sand and sandy mud at edge of small stream in pastureland, elev. 235 m, 37 ° 9 ' S, 144 ° 9 ' E, 17 February 2002, N. Porch (86) (1 ANIC); Marysville [no date], 37 ° 30 ' S, 145 ° 52 ' E ,, Deane (2 UQIC); Merriman Creek, 2.0 km NW Seaspray, gravel at base of gravel bank of small creek; pasture, elev. 5 m, 38 ° 21 ' S, 147 ° 9 ' E, 7 April 1999, N. Porch & N. Krause (50) (1 ANIC); Mt. Buffalo N. P., above Eurobin Point, wet sclerophyl forest, wet debris at waterfall base, elev. 820 m, 36 ° 42 ' S, 146 ° 50 ' E, 23 January 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (805) (2 FMNH); Mt. Donna Buang, 0.5 km below 10 mile turntable, along small forest stream, elev. 1005 m, 37 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 40 ' E, 14 January 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (1 USNM); Mt. Donna Buang, 0.5 km below 10 mile turntable, flood debris, forest stream, elev. 1005 m, 37 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 40 ' E, 14 January 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (56 USNM); Mt. Donna Buang, 0.5 km below 10 mile turntable, wet moss, stream edge, elev. 1005 m, 37 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 40 ' E, 14 January 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (28 USNM); Tanjil R., E. Branch, 4 km SE Tanjil Bren, wet scleroph. / Nothofagus cun- ninghamii, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD 87 - 263, elev. 490 m, 37 ° 50 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 10 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (829) (2 FMNH); Tarra Valley Road, 1.5 km SE Tarra Falls, Tarra- Bulga N. P., small shallow rill (mm's) flowing over road-cutting at edge of road in wet sclerophyll forest (Eucalyptus regnans), elev. 240 m, 38 ° 28 ' S, 146 ° 33 ' E, 13 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 13) (5 ANIC); Tarra- Bulga N. P., Bulga, near suspension bridge, Nothofagus cunninghamii / Eucalyptus regnans, berl. leaf and log litter, forest floor, FMHD # 87 - 260, elev. 600 m, 38 ° 26 ' S, 146 ° 34 ' E, 7 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (8 FMNH); Warburton, Cement Creek, flood debris, forest stream, elev. 670 m, 37 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 10 – 17 January 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (61 USNM); Warburton, Cement Creek, wet moss, stream edge, Nothofagus cunninghamii, etc., elev. 670 m, 37 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 10 – 17 January 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (8 USNM).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA5FFE7FF37FDE7FE143038.taxon	description	(Figs. 39, 40, 43, 44, 244)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA5FFE7FF37FDE7FE143038.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Young’s Crossing, Petrie [ca. 27 ° 16 ' S, 152 ° 57 ' E] [labels: Young's X-ing Petrie, Q. 2 - X- 59 I. C. Yeo // T. 7227. // Hydraena clavigera sp. n. det. P. Zwick 1975 Holotypus]. Deposited in the QMBA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA5FFE7FF37FDE7FE143038.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. tricantha in body size and color (Figs. 38 – 40); differing therefrom by the wider pronotal base, the smaller pronotal macula, the more convex elytra, and the wider, more narrowly separated plaques. The aedeagi of the two species also suggest a rather close relationship (Figs. 43, 44, 49, 51).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA5FFE7FF37FDE7FE143038.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.48 / 0.63; head 0.19 / 0.31; pronotum 0.38 / 0.49; elytra 0.91 / 0.63. Head dark brown; pronotum testaceous with brown macula; elytra dark brown with light brown to testaceous humeral angles and elytral apices; legs and palpi testaceous (holotype at light extreme of color variation). Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 2 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd, punctures denser at anterior, ca. 0.5 – 1 x diameter of discal punctures; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very small and shallow; PF 3 moderately deep. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually rounded to subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 2 / 2 / 1. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques elongate oval, located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median triangular depression, plaques not attaining anterior apex of triangle. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia widened to about midlength, then markedly excavate, a prominent spine at base of excavation; meso- and metatibiae slender. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with small, but rather deep apicomedian concavity. Aedeagus (Figs. 43, 44) main-piece with distal part greatly extended right side, apically in two parts, one " above " the other; distal piece with long gonopore-bearing flagellum to left of which (ventral view) are three or four process; left paramere moderately wide in lateral aspect, setae at apex and small group of short setae on dorsal margin subapically; right paramere produced on dorsal margin, setae in two groups. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA5FFE7FF37FDE7FE143038.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Victoria to southern Queensland, and a disjunct population in northern Queensland (Fig. 244).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA5FFE7FF37FDE7FE143038.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There is variation in the aedeagal form, most notably the shapes of the processes on the left side, and the shape of the right paramere (Figs. 43, 44). The left paramere has a tiny spine-like process apically (apparently broken off in the holotype), and four long setae near midlength (also present on the holotype, not figured by Zwick (1977 )). I have illustrated an aedeagal variant from Mt. Hypipamee National Park; variants intermediate between this form and the holotype have been studied.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFA5FFE7FF37FDE7FE143038.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (165): Australian Capital Territory, 2.5 km S of Tharwa, Naas River, 35 ° 31 ' S, 149 ° 4 ' E, 31 December 2000, W. D. Shepard (3 MCZ); Paddy's River, nr. Murray's Corner, 35 ° 25 ' S, 148 ° 57 ' E, 3 April 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 231) (1 BMNH); New South Wales, 34 km SE Braidwood, hwy. 52, Cabbage Tree Creek, wet sclerophyll forest, among algae, stones and leaves along margin of shaded stream, 35 ° 35 ' S, 150 ° 1 ' E, 2 April 1996, R. E. Roughley (6 NMW); Cabbage Tree Creek, Canberra / Coast Road, 33 ° 24 ' S, 150 ° 38 ' E, 5 May 1965, E. Britton (1 ANIC); Cabbage Tree Creek, Clyde Mtn., in wet sand at stream edge, 35 ° 35 ' S, 150 ° 1 ' E, 28 November 1993, S. A. Slipinski & J. F. Lawrence (1 ANIC); Galston, 33 ° 39 ' S, 151 ° 4 ' E, 1 February 1929, H. J. Carter (1 ANIC); Mogo Creek, St. Albans, site 2, 33 ° 12 ' S, 151 ° 5 ' E, 20 November 1996, J. & R. Miller (1 JMC); Nellingen Creek, 5 km W Nellingen, 35 ° 38 ' S, 150 ° 5 ' E, 19 January 1997, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Numeralla River at Numeralla, waters edge of gravel bar at margin of flowing river, elev. 730 m, 36 ° 10 ' S, 149 ° 20 ' E, 9 April 2000, N. Porch (NP 26) (3 ANIC); Oberon, 27.5 km NW, in river debris, 33 ° 31 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 17 November 1991, T. Gush (1 ANIC); The Dorrigo, elev. 914.4 m, 30 ° 20 ' S, 152 ° 24 ' E, 1 – 28 February 1932, P. J. Darlington (6 MCZ); Wiangaree SF, Brindle Creek, wet leaves and flood debris, subtrop. forest, elev. 740 m, 28 ° 22 ' S, 153 ° 0 ' E, 29 February to 3 March 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (1 USNM); Williams River, 32 ° 21 ' S, 151 ° 45 ' E, 1 – 30 October 1926, H. J. Carter (3 ANIC); Queensland, 15 km S Ravenshoe, nr. Tully Falls, rainforest, 17 ° 47 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 9 December 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); 17 km NE of Mt. Molloy, 16 ° 40 ' S, 145 ° 19 ' E, 20 December 1986, H. & A. Howden (1 ANIC); 21 km up Mt. Lewis Road, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 1 November 1990, S. DeFaveri & R. Storey (1 QPIM); 30 km NE Brisbane, Mt. Nebo Road, Pond, ca. 200 m, Sclerophyll forest, elev. 540 m, 27 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 1) (26 NMW); 40 km S Beaudesert, Running Creek, along road between Mt. Chinghee N. P. and Border Ranges N. P., at 7 th Bridge, stream, ca. 5 – 8 m wide, including rockpools, flowing through open forest (Casuarina, Eucalyptus), 28 ° 19 ' S, 152 ° 55 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 13) (25 NMW); 40 km SSE Brisbane, Mt. Tambourine N. P., Cedar Creek, 27 ° 55 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 22 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 4) (8 NMW); 40 km up Windsor Tableland road, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 12 November 1990, Storey, DeFaveri & Halfpapp (3 QPIM); 8 km W Rathdowney, Logan River, 28 ° 12 ' S, 152 ° 47 ' E, 27 August 2004, A. Glaister (4 NMW); 9 km NE Julatten, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 26 December 1986 – 8 January 1987, H. & A. Howden (1 CMNO); 90 km SW Brisbane, 40 km NE Warwick, 28 ° 3 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 17) (12 NMW); Birthday Ck., 6 km NWbyW of Paluma, leaf and log litter; berlesate ANIC 682, 19 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 25 September 1980, T. Weir (2 ANIC); Canungra Creek, 60 km SSE Brisbane, River (Canungra Creek), ca. 8 – 10 m wide, through cultivated land, elev. 160 m, 28 ° 4 ' S, 153 ° 6 ' E, 22 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 6) (1 NMW); Coomera River, 20 km SE Canungra, 28 ° 8 ' S, 153 ° 9 ' E, 24 August 2004, A. Glaister (5 NMW); Davies Ck. Rd. 20 km SE of Mareeba, ex. rainforest creek, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 26 October 1990, R. I. Storey (1 QPIM); Lamington N. P., Comera River, 80 km S Brisbane, 28 ° 8 ' S, 153 ° 9 ' E, 24 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 10) (20 NMW); Millaa Millaa [no date], 17 ° 30 ' S, 145 ° 37 ' E ,, F. H. Taylor (1 ANIC); Mt. Hypipamee N. P., 14 km SW Malanda, rainforest, streamside litter, elev. 960 m, 17 ° 25 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 24 July 1982, S. & J. Peck (3 ANIC); Mt. Hypipamee N. P., Barron River headwaters, small tributary, ex streambank with gravel and decaying leaves, 17 ° 25 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 17 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (8 QMBA); Mt. Lewis, flood debris and leaf litter, elev. 960 m, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 19 August 1982, J. & N. Lawrence (5 ANIC); Mulgrave River, Kearney's Falls, 17 ° 14 ' S, 145 ° 47 ' E, 6 October 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Ravenshoe State Forest, Charmillan Creek, 12 km SE Ravenshoe, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, elev. 900 m, 17 ° 36 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 15 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Young’s Crossing, Petrie, 27 ° 16 ' S, 152 ° 57 ' E, 2 October 1959, I. C. Yeo (3 UQIC); same locality, 27 ° 16 ' S, 152 ° 57 ' E, 3 October 1959, I. C. Yeo (1 PZC); Victoria, Lerderderg River, 3.8 km WNW Blackwood; 332, 37 ° 30 ' S, 144 ° 19 ' E, 8 February 1983, A. J. Boulton (2 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9BFFE5FF37FE17FD0A30E0.taxon	description	(Figs. 38, 49, 51, 250)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9BFFE5FF37FE17FD0A30E0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Victoria, Ovens River at Harrietville [ca. 36 ° 53 ' S, 147 ° 4 ' E] [labels: Australia, Vic., Ovens R., Harrietville 23. xi. 72 Zwick // Hydraena tricantha Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977 // HOLOTYPE T- 12799 Hydraena tricantha Zwick, 1977 // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the MVMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9BFFE5FF37FE17FD0A30E0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. clavigera in body size and color (Figs. 38 – 40); differing therefrom by the narrower pronotal base, the larger pronotal macula, the less convex elytra, and the narrower, more widely separated plaques. The aedeagi of the two species also suggest a relationship (Figs. 43, 44, 49, 51).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9BFFE5FF37FE17FD0A30E0.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.52 / 0.61; head 0.24 / 0.35; pronotum 0.38 / 0.48, PA 0.41, PB 0.36; elytra 0.89 / 0.60. Head dark brown, pronotum yellowish with brown macula on disc; elytra brown with yellowish humeri, legs and maxillary palpi light brown to yellowish. Frons punctures ca. 1 – 1.5 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 4 xpd, punctures denser at anterior, similar to frons; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 moderately deep. Elytra weakly humped near midlength, at summit of posterior declivity; on basal 1 / 3 punctures large, ca. 2 – 3 xpd largest pronotal punctures, becoming gradually smaller toward posterior. Intervals not raised, shining, width over posterior 1 / 2 ca. 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually separately rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 1 / 3 / 3 P 1 laminate; median carina straight in lateral view. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2.5 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques parallel, narrow lines, located in posterior 0.7 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression. Low, short midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and median depression. Cuticle very fine asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS large, flat, width at straight posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia thickened near midlength, forming tooth that bears a seta, inner surface between tooth and apex distinctively notched. Meso- and metatibia slender, straight. Last sternite symmetrical, margin very slightly produced apicomedially; last tergite with deep, asymmetrical, apicomedian, concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 49, 51) main-piece distally extending on right side as very large, complex, knob-shaped process; distal piece with gonopore-bearing flagellum median or nearly so, to the left of which (ventral view) are three or four processes; left paramere arcuate, setae terminally and on dorsal margin at about midlength; right paramere very slender, with about four setae at apex and six setae tightly grouped on ventral margin near basal 1 / 3. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9BFFE5FF37FE17FD0A30E0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Victoria, New South Wales, and Australian Capital Territory (Fig. 250). Material Examined (147): Australian Capital Territory, Gibraltar Falls, mainly wet rockfaces, but also splash zone of rills over rock; sclerophyll forest, elev. 980 m, 35 ° 29 ' S, 148 ° 56 ' E, 6 April 2001, N. Porch & N. Krause (33) (2 ANIC); New South Wales, Back Creek, Moffatt Falls, ca. 5 km W New England N. P. boundary, ex. seepage rockface at side of Moffatt Falls, 30 ° 29 ' S, 152 ° 20 ' E, 24 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Buckenbowra River, 20 km S Nelligen, 35 ° 42 ' S, 150 ° 1 ' E, 26 November 2001, A. Glaister (3 SAMA); Currowan Creek, 6 km N of Nelligen, 35 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 9 ' E, 26 November 2001, A. Glaister (2 SAMA); Dorrigo N. P., Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls, ex. gravel / sand stream bank, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 26 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (8 QMBA); Kosciusko N. P., Leather Barrel Creek, wet sclerophyll forest, flood debris ex large log jam, large forest stream, elev. 980 m, 36 ° 32 ' S, 148 ° 12 ' E, 19 December 1986, A. Newton & M. Thayer (2 FMNH); Kosciusko N. P., Pipers Creek, NE Guthega, low wet sclerophyll forest, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, elev. 1340 m, 36 ° 21 ' S, 148 ° 25 ' E, 14 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (832) (3 FMNH); Leather Barrel Ck., 8 mi. SW of Thredbo, elev. 1066.8 m, 36 ° 20 ' S, 148 ° 35 ' E, 1 April 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 227) (4 BMNH); Shalhaven River, Bungonia Reserve, 34 ° 48 ' S, 150 ° 0 ' E, 23 November 2001, A. Glaister (2 SAMA); Unnamed creek drains into Nungatta Creek, 36 ° 7 ' S, 149 ° 29 ' E, 11 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 a) (1 ANIC); same locality, 21 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 a) (4 ANIC); Victoria, 1 km N Possum Hollow, W branch Tarwin River, 4.6 km SSW Allambee, ex shaded silty mud at edge of small ' creek' at pasture / wet sclerophyll forest boundary, elev. 240 m, 38 ° 18 ' S, 146 ° 1 ' E, 14 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 19) (1 ANIC); Acheron River along Acheron Way, 37 ° 28 ' S, 145 ° 40 ' E, 25 May 1975, L. Macmillan (1 PZC); Allambee, 6.2 km SSW of, falls on the West Branch of Tarwin River, seeps and splash-zone of steep rocky cascading ' falls' in wet sclerophyll forest beside road, elev. 220 m, 38 ° 19 ' S, 146 ° 1 ' E, 9 April 2000, N. Porch (NP 73) (18 ANIC); Base of Trentham Falls, 2.3 km N Trentham, amongst wet gravel at edge of waterfall splash pool and outlet. Dry sclerophyll forest [creek], elev. 640 m, 37 ° 22 ' S, 144 ° 19 ' E, 31 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 23) (1 ANIC); Cement Creek on Mt. Donna Buang, nr. Warburton, 37 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 25 December 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Delatite River below Mirimbah, 37 ° 7 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 2 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Delatite River below Sawmill Settlement, 37 ° 7 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 26 October 1971, Hynes (1 PZC); East Tangil River, 37 ° 50 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 8 November 1997, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Elizabeth Ck., 1.5 km N Allambee South, mud at edge of creek flowing under shady willows, elev. 125 m, 38 ° 20 ' S, 146 ° 7 ' E, 11 September 1998, N. Porch (NP 05) (10 ANIC); Fryer’s Creek near mouth into Lake Eildon, 37 ° 11 ' S, 145 ° 53 ' E, 3 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 MVMA); Gembrook, south of, muddy litter of small mud / sand banks of small, shaded, forest stream; wet sclerophyll forest, elev. 245 m, 37 ° 55 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 8 April 2000, N. Porch & N. Krause (NP 63) (5 ANIC); Godfrey’s Creek above AI Mine Settlement, 38 ° 36 ' S, 143 ° 54 ' E, 11 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 NMW); Kororoit Creek, at Sydenham / Melton Road, organic mud and litter at edge of pool in dry creek in pasture and degraded riverine forest, elev. 110 m, 37 ° 41 ' S, 144 ° 38 ' E, 17 February 2002, N. Porch (91) (6 ANIC); Lerderderg River, 3.8 km WNW Blackwood; 332, 37 ° 30 ' S, 144 ° 19 ' E, 23 December 1982, A. J. Boulton (2 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 30 ' S, 144 ° 19 ' E, 8 February 1983, A. J. Boulton (2 ANIC); Matlock Creek, Mt. Gregory Track, N. M. V. Survey Dept G. R. E. S. T 3 no. 3, 37 ° 41 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 10 February 1977, [collector not given] (6 MVMA); Morwell River, 6.1 km SSE Boolarra on Morwell River Road (Apex Park), willow roots and sandy mud / gravelly mud at edge of small river; under weeping willows, elev. 115 m, 38 ° 25 ' S, 146 ° 18 ' E, 29 November 1999, N. Porch (NP 38) (1 ANIC); Morwell River, up stream of falls on, SE of Olsens Bridge, gravel at edge of small creek in regrowth wet sclerophyll forest, elev. 225 m, 38 ° 30 ' S, 146 ° 20 ' E, 9 April 2000, N. Porch & N. Krause (NP 68) (19 ANIC); Narracan Falls, 4.1 km NE Thorpdale, on mud at edge of stream flowing through pasture, elev. 190 m, 38 ° 16 ' S, 146 ° 13 ' E, 4 February 1999, N. Porch (NP 27) (1 ANIC); Nolans Creek picnic ground, 1 km SSW of Mt. Wilson, gravel and litter at edge of small forest stream flowing through sclerophyll forest, elev. 645 m, 37 ° 27 ' S, 144 ° 14 ' E, 6 January 2002, N. Porch (81) (3 ANIC); Otway N. P., Malts Rest, wet sclerophyl / Nothofagus cunninghamii, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, elev. 260 m, 36 ° 45 ' S, 143 ° 33 ' E, 8 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (807) (2 FMNH); Ovens River at Harrietville, 36 ° 53 ' S, 147 ° 4 ' E, 23 November 1972, P. Zwick (12 MVMA); Possum Hollow falls, West Branch of Tarwin River, 5.6 km SSW Allambee, ex wet films along margin of rills flowing over smooth mudstone. Wet sclerophyll forest (Eucalyptus regnans), elev. 240 m, 38 ° 19 ' S, 146 ° 1 ' E, 14 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 16) (5 ANIC); Thomson River, Thomson Valley Rd., NMV Survey, Dept. GRES T 1, no. 2 kick, 37 ° 41 ' S, 146 ° 13 ' E, 25 November 1976, unknown (2 MVMA); Thomson River, Thomson Valley Rd., NMV Survey, Dept. GRES T 1, no. kick, 37 ° 41 ' S, 146 ° 13 ' E, 2 December 1977, unknown (1 MVMA); Turtons Creek, down stream of Turtons Creek Falls, 2.9 km SSE Tarwin East, ex wet films along margin of rills flowing over smooth mudstone. Wet sclerophyll forest / pine plantation / pasture, elev. 155 m, 38 ° 32 ' S, 146 ° 15 ' E, 5 February 1999, N. Porch (NP 29) (4 ANIC); Whitelaw Ck. at Whitelaw Portal, NMV Survey Dept GRES T 9 no. 3, 37 ° 44 ' S, 146 ° 15 ' E, 11 February 1977, [collector not given] (2 MVMA); Yarra River, 37 ° 45 ' S, 145 ° 33 ' E, 14 January 1997, C. Watts (4 SAMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF99FFE4FF37FDDAFE8A3010.taxon	description	(Figs. 45, 52, 250)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF99FFE4FF37FDDAFE8A3010.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Main Range N. P., Cunningham's Gap, Gap Creek, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, elev. 700 m, 28 ° 3 ' S, 152 ° 24 ' E, 21 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (3): New South Wales, Dorrigo N. P., Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls, ex. gravel / sand stream bank, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 26 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Queensland, 90 km SW Brisbane, 40 km NE Warwick, 28 ° 3 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 17) (1 NMW); Lamington, Binna Burra, Comera River, stones, 28 ° 15 ' S, 153 ° 6 ' E, 17 November 1982, Endrödy-Younga (AU 73) (1 TMSA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF99FFE4FF37FDDAFE8A3010.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. luminicollis and H. antaria in body size, and dorsal punctation (Figs. 45, 47, 48); differing from both by the posteriorly positioned, distinct pronotal macula, the slightly more cordiform pronotum, and the less convex elytra; additionally differing from both species by the nonmodified metatibiae of males. The aedeagus of H. spinissima differs greatly from that of the compared species (Figs. 52, 53, 55).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF99FFE4FF37FDDAFE8A3010.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.62 / 0.66; head 0.26 / 0.36; pronotum 0.39 / 0.48, PA 0.41, PB 0.43; elytra 0.97 / 0.66. Head dark brown; pronotum with dark brown macula surrounded by light brown; elytra dark brown; legs and palpi light brown to testaceous, tip of palpi not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, anteriorly and posteriorly 0.5 – 1 xpd, on disc 1 – 3 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 and PF 4 shallow, confluent. Elytral punctures on disc slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures, becoming finer posteriorly. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form very weak angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 9 / 6. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques parallel or nearly so, slightly raised, located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Protibia (male) gradually widened to about distal 1 / 3, then markedly excavate, a prominent spine at base of excavation; mesotibiae and metatibia slender. Last tergite with very slightly asymmetrical concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 52) main-piece with large, markedly angulate process on right side; distal piece with many spine-like processes; left paramere longer than right, very asymmetrical, apex tapering and ending in several spines, setae few in number, in a subapical and a dorsal group; right paramere short, apically widened, with about seven long setae. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF99FFE4FF37FDDAFE8A3010.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the many spine-like processes of the aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF99FFE4FF37FDDAFE8A3010.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from the southeastern corner of Queensland, and northern New South Wales (Fig. 250).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE4FF37FECFFEFB37FE.taxon	description	(Figs. 46, 50, 262)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE4FF37FECFFEFB37FE.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, Dorrigo National Park, Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls, elev. 650 m, ex. gravel / sand stream bank, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 26 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE4FF37FECFFEFB37FE.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. spinissima in size, dorsal punctation, and general color pattern (Figs. 45, 46); differing therefrom in a greater contrast between the dark brown pronotal macula and the surrounding testaceous area, the more elongate plaques, and the deeper metaventral depression. The aedeagi of the two species are markedly dissimilar (Figs. 50, 52).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE4FF37FECFFEFB37FE.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.63 / 0.64; head 0.28 / 0.31; pronotum 0.39 / 0.48, PA 0.41, PB 0.42; elytra 0.94 / 0.64. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum with dark brown transverse macula surrounded by testaceous; elytra dark brown; legs and palpi testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining on disc, 1 – 2 xpd, microreticulate laterally. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum and postmentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 – 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd, punctures slightly denser anteriorly and posteriorly; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 shallow; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures basally ca. 1 xpd of largest pronotal punctures, becoming much smaller over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width basally ca. 1 – 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1.5 / 1 / 7 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides converging, apex blunt. Plaques very small and widely separated, located at posterior sides of large, very deep, subtriangular median depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) gradually increasing in width from base to just past midlength, then medial margin deeply excavate, a strong spine as base of excavation; mesotibia and metatibia slender, straight. Last tergite with apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 50) main-piece with large basal oriface, apically with several sharply pointed processes; distal piece with large, hood-like process that extends over other processes; gonopore-bearing flagellum short; parameres slender, inserting at same level on main-piece, left much longer than right, setae sparse, terminal or nearly so. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE4FF37FECFFEFB37FE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE4FF37FECFFEFB37FE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in Dorrigo National Park, New South Wales (Fig. 262).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE3FF37F8AFFE3536F0.taxon	description	(Figs. 47, 53, 240)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE3FF37F8AFFE3536F0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, Bruxner Flora Reserve, ex. leaf / twig debris in streambed pools, 30 ° 15 ' S, 153 ° 6 ' E, 28 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (186): New South Wales, Same data as holotype (139 MCZ); Buckenbowra S. F., WNW Nelligen, Sugarloaf Creek, gallery subtropical rainforest, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 87 - 268, elev. 145 m, 35 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 0 ' E, 18 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (834) (1 FMNH); Dorrigo N. P., Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls, ex. gravel / sand stream bank, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 26 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (2 MCZ); Dorrigo N. P., Sassafras Creek, upstream from Casuarina Falls, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 27 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (5 QMBA); Dorrigo N. P., Sassafras Creek, upstream from Casuarina Falls, silty gravel bank in shade, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 27 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (19 QMBA); Dorrigo N. P., south slope Dome Mt., subtropical rainforest, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 86 - 682, elev. 720 m, 30 ° 21 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 28 December 1986, A. Newton & M. Thayer (778) (12 FMNH); Headwaters of Nullica River, headwater stream, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 47 ' E, 10 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 659) (8 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE3FF37F8AFFE3536F0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. luminicollis and H. spinissima in body size, dorsal punctation, and general coloration; differing from both by the testaceous humeral angles of the elytra (Figs. 45, 47, 48); additionally differing from H. luminicollis by the narrower pronotum and the longer plaques, and from H. spinissima by the very faint pronotal macula and the more convex elytra. Based on aedeagal similarities, H. antaria is clearly more closely related to H. luminicollis than to H. spinissima (Figs. 52, 53, 55).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE3FF37F8AFFE3536F0.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.60 / 0.66; head 0.24 / 0.35; pronotum 0.38 / 0.49, PA 0.42, PB 0.42; elytra 0.94 / 0.66. Head dark brown, lateral areas of frons slightly lighter; labrum and mentum testaceous; pronotum testaceous, at most only very faintly darker on disc; elytra mostly dark brown, small spot at shoulders and very faintly over posterior declivity light brown to testaceous; legs and palpi testaceous, tip of palpi not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, anteriorly and posteriorly 0.5 – 1 xpd, on disc 1 – 3 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures basally ca. 1 xpd largest pronotal punctures, becoming much finer over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width on disc about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form very weak angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 9 / 5. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 1.5 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques parallel or nearly so, raised, abruptly so at posterior extreme, located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median subtriangular depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Profemum (male) with minute, sharp tubercle in median margin before midlength; protibia gradually widened to about distal 1 / 3, then markedly excavate, a prominent spine at base of excavation; mesotibiae slender; metatibia slender, widest near midlength, medial margin over distal 1 / 2 emarginate, surface flat and bearing hair-like setae, most of which lie flat on cuticle, but some extending slightly beyond apex of tibia. Last tergite with small, slightly off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 53) main-piece with large process on right side joined to two median enlargements; distal piece left side (ventral view) with several rounded lobes and one elongate, curving process; left paramere narrowed apically, setae apically and along distal 1 / 4 of ventral margin, and second group of very short setae on dorsal margin; right paramere with large ventral lobe, and slender, pointed dorsal lobe, setae in three groups. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision, delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE3FF37F8AFFE3536F0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. " For raising or hoisting "; named in reference to the convex elytra and the plaques, which are raised posteriorly.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE3FF37F8AFFE3536F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northeastern and southeastern New South Wales (Fig. 240).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF98FFE3FF37F8AFFE3536F0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Both sexes have the plaques abruptly raised at the posterior extreme, although more strongly so in males than in females.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9EFFE1FF37FF07FF3C3010.taxon	description	(Figs. 48, 55, 259)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9EFFE1FF37FF07FF3C3010.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Lamington N. P., stream at head of Moran's Falls, ex. decaying leaves on bedrock at stream margin, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 2 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (189): New South Wales, Dorrigo N. P., Callicoma Falls, wet leaves and flood debris, elev. 750 m, 30 ° 20 ' S, 152 ° 24 ' E, 5 March 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (1 USNM); Wiangaree SF, Brindle Creek, wet leaves and flood debris, subtrop. forest, elev. 740 m, 28 ° 22 ' S, 153 ° 0 ' E, 29 February – 3 March 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (182 USNM); Wiangaree SF, Isaksson Ridge, berl. forest leaf & log litter, N. moorei rainfor., elev. 1050 m, 28 ° 22 ' S, 153 ° 0 ' E, 29 February – 3 March 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (6 USNM); Queensland, 40 km SSE Brisbane, Mt. Tambourine N. P., Cedar Creek, 27 ° 55 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 22 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 4) (11 NMW); 90 km SW Brisbane, 40 km NE Warwick, 28 ° 3 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 17) (1 NMW); Bunya Mtns. N. P., Barker Creek, downstream of Little Falls, ex decaying leaves, drift, 26 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 35 ' E, 3 February 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Bunya Mts., 26 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 34 ' E, 16 October 1973, Neboiss (1 ANIC); Lamington N. P., Moran’s Creek, 80 km S Brisbane, elev. 760 – 820 m, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 24 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 9) (18 NMW); Lamington N. P., stream at head of Moran's Falls, ex. decaying leaves on bedrock at stream margin, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 2 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (7 MCZ); Natural Bridge N. P., Cave Creek, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 15 ' E, 31 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9EFFE1FF37FF07FF3C3010.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. antaria and H. spinissima in body size, dorsal punctation, and general coloration; differing from both by the wider and completely testaceous pronotum (Figs. 45, 47, 48); additionally differing from H. antaria by the shorter, non-carinate plaques, and from H. spinissima by the pronotal shape and more convex elytra. Based on aedeagal similarities, H. luminicollis is clearly more closely related to H. antaria than to H. spinissima (Figs. 52, 53, 55).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9EFFE1FF37FF07FF3C3010.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.59 / 0.68; head 0.27 / 0.38; pronotum 0.42 / 0.53, PA 0.42, PB 0.46; elytra 0.94 / 0.68. Head dark brown to piceous, lateral areas of frons lighter; labrum and mentum testaceous; pronotum testaceous; elytra mostly dark brown, shoulders and posterior 1 / 2 light brown to testaceous; legs and palpi testaceous, tip of palpi not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 3 – 5 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices shining, anteriorly and posteriorly 1 – 2 xpd, on disc 2 – 4 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 moderately deep; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form very weak angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 5 / 6. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques parallel or nearly so, slightly raised, located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 3 x P 2. Protibia gradually widened to about distal 1 / 4, then markedly excavate, a prominent spine at base of excavation; mesotibia slender; metatibia slender, weakly emarginate and flattened on medial margin for most of length, small tuft of setae at apex. Last tergite with circular concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 55) main-piece very wide in lateral view, distally with large process on right side joined to median enlargement that broadly abuts lobe of distal piece; distal piece left side (ventral view) with two or three rounded lobes and one curving process; left paramere narrowed apically, setae apically and along distal 1 / 2 of ventral margin, and second group of very short setae on dorsal margin; right paramere deeply bifid, setae in three groups. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9EFFE1FF37FF07FF3C3010.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the bright pronotum.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9EFFE1FF37FF07FF3C3010.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northern New South Wales and southernmost Queensland (Fig. 259).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9DFFEFFF37FB5AFA863308.taxon	description	(Figs. 54, 56, 57, 243)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9DFFEFFF37FB5AFA863308.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Victoria, Aberfeldy River on road from Woods Point to Walhalla [labels: Australia, Vic., Aberfeldy R., 27. i. 1972 Hynes // Hydraena hynesi Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977 // HOLOTYPE T- 12800 Hydraena hynesi Zwick, 1977 // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the MVMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9DFFEFFF37FB5AFA863308.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. cunninghamensis in body size, coloration, and the confluent pronotal foveae PF 2, forming a U-shaped impression (Figs. 57, 99); differing therefrom by the less coarsely punctate pronotum (compared to the frons), and the narrower plaques. The aedeagi of the two species distinctively differ (Figs. 56, 102).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9DFFEFFF37FB5AFA863308.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.38 / 0.60; head 0.17 / 0.33; pronotum 0.34 / 0.46, PA 0.38, PB 0.36; elytra 0.84 / 0.60. Dorsum bicolored, clypeus and pronotum testaceous, frons and elytra brown except diffuse lighter area on elytral disc, legs and maxillary palpi testaceous (but see notes). Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 3 xpd; posterior margin in form of arcuate step-like ridge (fits against anterior margin of pronotum), area posterior to ridge markedly microreticulate. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmen- tum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum cordiform, anterior margin emarginate; punctures on disc ca. 1 – 2 xpd than those of frons, interstices shining, 2 – 4 xpd, punctures denser at anterior; PF 1 united to form shallow transverse impression across anterior 1 / 3 of pronotal disc; PF 2 well impressed, oval, oblique, shallowly united in middle, conjointly forming U-shaped impression; PF 3 moderately shallow, broad; PF 4 very shallow. Elytra distinctively humped just behind midlength, at summit of posterior declivity; on basal 1 / 3 punctures large ca. 2 – 3 xpd largest pronotal punctures, some random, some forming side-by-side contiguous pairs, punctures becoming more serial and gradually smaller toward posterior. Intervals not raised, shining, width over posterior 0.6 ca. 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually separately rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 0.2 / 2 / 2. P 1 with median carina straight in lateral view. P 2 as wide as area separating anterior extreme of plaques, short, l / w ca. 1 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques narrow lines, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression, plaques convergent anteriorly, separation anteriorly 1 x P 2, separation posteriorly 2 x P 2. Low, very short midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. AIS large, flat, width at straight posterior margin 2 x P 2. Protibia slender, weakly arcuate, inner surface with prominent narrow triangular process just past midlength. Profemur with small tubercle at base. Meso- and metatibia slender, straight or nearly so. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with deep, narrow, apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 56) main-piece widened distally (ventral view), with strong process on right side at distal extreme; distal piece with short, strong, hook-shaped process, small fimbriate lobe, and characteristically shaped apicomedian process that has short gonopore-bearing flagellum; left paramere displaced medially, with row of medially directed setae; right paramere shorter than left, inserting slightly more distally than left paramere. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision, delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9DFFEFFF37FB5AFA863308.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely but very sparsely distributed from Victoria to Queensland (Fig. 243).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9DFFEFFF37FB5AFA863308.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The color varies from distinctively bicolored (e. g., the holotype) to uniformly dark brown, sometimes with a reddish tint.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF9DFFEFFF37FB5AFA863308.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (157): New South Wales, Back Creek, Moffatt Falls, ca. 5 km W New England N. P. boundary, ex. seepage rockface at side of Moffatt Falls, 30 ° 29 ' S, 152 ° 20 ' E, 24 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Chichester S. F. (nr. Dungog), Hotel Ck. & Bush Mill Rd., gallery subtrop. rainforest, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 87 - 155, elev. 500 m, 32 ° 12 ' S, 151 ° 43 ' E, 16 January 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (3 FMNH); Dorrigo N. P., Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls, ex. gravel / sand stream bank, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 26 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (2 MCZ); Dorrigo N. P., Sassafras Creek, upstream from Casuarina Falls, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 27 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (5 MCZ); Dorrigo N. P., south slope Dome Mt., subtropical rainforest, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 86 - 682, elev. 720 m, 30 ° 21 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 28 December 1986, A. Newton & M. Thayer (778) (3 FMNH); Dorrigo N. P., Callicoma Falls, wet leaves and flood debris, elev. 750 m, 30 ° 20 ' S, 152 ° 24 ' E, 5 March 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (32 USNM); Unnamed creek drains into Crawleys Creek, 36 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 22 June 1997, J. & R. Miller (site 731) (1 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Nungatta Creek, 36 ° 7 ' S, 149 ° 29 ' E, 21 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 a) (6 ANIC); same locality, 23 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 d) (1 ANIC); same locality, 11 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 a) (5 ANIC); same locality, 12 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 c) (6 ANIC); same locality, 12 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 b) (7 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Old Hut Creek, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 18 June 1997, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (3 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 12 October 1997, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (5 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 12 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (13 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 23 October 1999, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (11 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Yowaka River, 36 ° 57 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 26 June 1997, J. & R. Miller (site 717) (10 ANIC); Wiangaree SF, Brindle Creek, wet leaves and flood debris, subtrop. for- est, elev. 740 m, 28 ° 22 ' S, 153 ° 0 ' E, 29 February to 3 March 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (28 USNM); Wiangaree SF, Isaksson Ridge, berl. forest leaf & log litter, N. moorei rainfor., elev. 1050 m, 28 ° 22 ' S, 153 ° 0 ' E, 29 February to 3 March 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (4 USNM); Queensland, Cedar Creek, 27 ° 53 ' S, 153 ° 10 ' E, 22 August 2004, A. Glaister (3 NMW); Lamington, Binna Burra, Comera River, stones, 28 ° 15 ' S, 153 ° 6 ' E, 17 November 1982, Endrödy-Younga (AU 73) (1 TMSA); National Park, Macpherson Range, 22 ° 17 ' S, 146 ° 18 ' E, 1 January 1928, Carter (1 UQIC); Natural Bridge N. P., Cave Creek, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 15 ' E, 31 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Victoria, Aberfeldy River, Donnelly’s Creek Track, NMV Survey Dept. GRES T 18 no. 5146, 37 ° 42 ' S, 146 ° 23 ' E, 29 November 1976, [collector not given] (1 UQIC); Aberfeldy River on road from Woods Point to Walhalla, 37 ° 39 ' S, 146 ° 26 ' E, 27 October 1971, Hynes (1 NMW, 1 PZC); same locality, 37 ° 39 ' S, 146 ° 26 ' E, 27 January 1972, Hynes (1 PZC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF93FFEEFF37FDE7FD4030D8.taxon	description	(Figs. 58, 64, 255)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF93FFEEFF37FDE7FD4030D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Thornton Peak, 11 km NE Daintree, elev. 1100 m, 16 ° 10 ' S, 145 ° 22 ' E, rainforest, sieved litter, Q. M. berlesate no. 606, 1 November 1983, Monteith, Yeates & Thompson. Deposited in the QMBA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF93FFEEFF37FDE7FD4030D8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. biimpressa in body size, general coloration, and large, deep pronotal foveae PF 2; differing therefrom by the wider pronotum, the more coarsely punctate elytra, and the parallel, posteriorly carinate plaques (Figs. 58, 60). The aedeagi of the two species also show a relationship, differing however in significant details (Figs. 62, 64).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF93FFEEFF37FDE7FD4030D8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.39 / 0.61; head 0.24 / 0.34; pronotum 0.33 / 0.47, PA 0.37, PB 0.37; elytra 0.82 / 0.61. Dorsum and legs brown, maxillary palpi testaceous, tip not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum cordiform, anterior margin emarginate; punctures on disc ca. 2 – 3 xpd than those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd, punctures larger and denser anteriorly and posteriorly, interstices sometimes narrow walls forming reticulate pattern; PF 1 united to form shallow transverse impression across anteromedian 1 / 3 of pronotal disc; PF 2 well impressed, oval, oblique, separated by about width of a fovea; PF 3 deep, broad; PF 4 moderately deep. Elytra very convex, especially over posterior declivity; on basal 1 / 3 punctures large ca. 1 xpd largest pronotal punctures, punctures becoming much smaller over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width over basal 1 / 3 1 xpd or less, interstices between punctures of a row slightly larger. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly, moderately sharply rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 1 / 4 / 4. P 1 narrow, not laminate, median carina very weakly angulate in profile. P 2 almost as wide as area separating plaques, short, l / w ca. 3 / 2, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques parallel, narrow, becoming carinate or subcarinate at posterior extreme; plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression. No midlongitudinal ridge between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. AIS large, flat, width at straight posterior margin almost 2 x P 2. Protibia slender, very weakly arcuate, inner surface with spine-like seta near distal 1 / 3. Meso- and metatibia slender, straight. Last sternite symmetrical; last tergite with deep apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 64) small and simple; main-piece widened distally in ventral view, widened near midlength in lateral view, with process at distal extreme that continues from right to left, also with very small process at base of left paramere; distal piece short, gonopore-bearing process without flagellum, large hairy lobe on left side, and irregularly shaped membranous lobe on dorsal surface; left and right parameres very short, inserting at same level, about equal in length and each with sparse setae apically. Female last tergite with very small apicomedian incision, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF93FFEEFF37FDE7FD4030D8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the collector, Geoff Monteith.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF93FFEEFF37FDE7FD4030D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality, Thornton Peak, in northeastern Queensland (Fig. 255).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF93FFEEFF37FDE7FD4030D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This is a brachypterous, flightless species. The elytra are fused along the suture, and the vestigial wings are about 1 / 2 as long as the elytra.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF92FFEEFF37FDB7FF3C369E.taxon	description	(Figs. 60, 62, 62)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF92FFEEFF37FDB7FF3C369E.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, 19.5 km ESE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 9 a, 17 ° 1 ' S, 145 ° 35 ' E, 13 January – 3 February 1987, R. I. Storey. Deposited in the QMBA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF92FFEEFF37FDB7FF3C369E.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. hypipamee in body size, the large, deep pronotal foveae PF 2, and dorsal punctation; differing therefrom in the brown and slightly less transverse pronotum, the smaller elytra, and the minute, nearly imperceptible plaques (Figs. 60, 100). The aedeagi of the two species distinctively differ (Figs. 62, 103).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF92FFEEFF37FDB7FF3C369E.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.39 / 0.60; head 0.25 / 0.34; pronotum 0.34, PA 0.35, PB 0.35; elytra 0.80 / 0.60. Dorsum brown, frons darker, marginal areas of pronotum slightly lighter; legs brown; labrum and maxillary palpi testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum cordiform, anterior margin emarginate; punctures on disc ca. 1 – 1.5 xpd than those of frons, interstices shining, 2 – 4 xpd, punctures larger and denser anteriorly and posteriorly, interstices sometimes narrow walls forming reticulate pattern; PF 1 united to form shallow transverse impression across anteromedian 1 / 3 of pronotal disc; PF 2 large, deep, oval, oblique, separated by less than width of a fovea; PF 3 deep, broad; PF 4 moderately deep. Elytra very convex, especially over posterior declivity; on basal 1 / 3 punctures large ca. 1 xpd largest pronotal punctures, punctures becoming much smaller and much sparser over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width over basal 1 / 3 ca. 1 xpd, interstices between punctures of a row slightly larger. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins do not form angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 4 / 0.1 / 2 / 4. P 1 narrow, not laminate, median carina straight, or nearly so, in lateral view. P 2 wide, short, l / w ca. 1 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques almost imperceptible, very thin, short, indistinct lines located on sides of deep median, triangular depression. AIS large, flat, width at straight posterior margin almost 2 x P 2. Legs slender, simple. Last sternite symmetrical; last tergite with deep apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 62) small and simple; main-piece widened distally in ventral view, with process at distal extreme that continues from right to left; distal piece short, gonopore-bearing process with very short flagellum, behind which is large hairy lobe on dorsal surface; left and right parameres short, inserting at same level, about equal in length and each with sparse setae apically. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF92FFEEFF37FDB7FF3C369E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the two deep pronotal foveae.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF92FFEEFF37FDB7FF3C369E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality near Mareeba, northeastern Queensland (Fig. 262).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF91FFECFF37FF07FBAC3068.taxon	description	(Figs. 59, 61, 63, 262)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF91FFECFF37FF07FBAC3068.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Victoria, Delatite River below Sawmill Settlement [labels: Australia, Vic., Delatite R., 27. iv. 1972 Hynes // Hydraena billi Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977 // HOLOTYPE T- 13132 Hydraena billi Zwick, 1977 // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the MVMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF91FFECFF37FF07FBAC3068.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. A very distinctive, flightless species with fused elytra (Fig. 59); differentiated from other members of the billi Group by the oval elytra with reduced humeri and reduced number of punctures, the distinctively arcuate profile, and the very small, carinate plaques that are located in a non-hydrofuge, smooth depression that occupies all of the metaventral disc. The aedeagus (Figs. 61, 63) is also quite distinct.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF91FFECFF37FF07FBAC3068.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.46 / 0.63; head 0.19 / 0.35; pronotum 0.38 / 0.49, PA 0.38, PB 0.37; elytra 0.90 / 0.63. Frons and elytra dark brown, pronotum light brown, labrum, legs and maxillary palpi yellowish (but see notes). Wings absent; eyes small; body distinctively arcuate in profile; elytra strongly oval, peaked slightly at suture; humeri weak, explanate margin rather wide and thick; each elytron with only 9 or 10 series of punctures. Frons punctures ca. 0.5 – 1 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 6 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal disc slightly raised, punctures on disc extremely fine and sparse, ca. 1 xpd smallest on frons, interstices shining; punctures much larger and denser at posterior; PF 1 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 moderately deep, broad; PF 4 shallow; area between PF 3 and PF 4 weakly convex. Elytral punctures largest on basal 0.3, forming five or six irregular rows of varying length, punctures becoming finer and sparser posteriorly. Intervals shining, width on basal 1 / 3 ca. 2 – 3 xpd. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form marked angle with one another. Elytral epipleuron wide. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 0.1 / 1 / 2. P 1 with median carina posterior extreme slightly more elevated than remainder. P 2 moderately wide, l / w ca. 4 / 3, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques very small carinae located in non-hydrofuge, smooth depression that occupies all of metaventral disc. AIS flat, width at straight posterior margin 2 x P 2. Protibia gradually widened to midlength, then markedly excavate, a prominent tooth bearing a spine at base of excavation. Meso- and metatibia slender. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with shallow, apicomedian emargination. Aedeagus (Figs. 61, 63) main-piece elongate, with small process on right side at distal extreme; distal piece with three lobes, the most median angled from right to left and terminating in small fimbriate part; left paramere large, medially displaced, with row of setae along ventral margin; right paramere very small lobe at distal extreme of main-piece, with long setae. Female last tergite with very small apicomedian incision, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF91FFECFF37FF07FBAC3068.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from a comparatively tight cluster of localities in Victoria (Fig. 262).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF91FFECFF37FF07FBAC3068.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The male specimen from Myrtle Creek is almost uniformly dark brown.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF91FFECFF37FF07FBAC3068.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (8): Victoria, Cumberland Sc. Res. (sw Camberville), Cora Lynn Falls, Eucalyptus regnans / Nothofagus cunninghamii, wet leaves & flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 87 - 258, elev. 880 m, 37 ° 34 ' S, 145 ° 53 ' E, 5 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (1 FMNH); Myrtle Creek, NW Ben Cairn (NW Warburton), wet scleroph. / Nothofagus cunninghamii, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD 87 - 254, elev. 780 m, 37 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 37 ' E, 1 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (821) (1 FMNH); Tanjil R., E. Branch, 4 km SE Tanjil Bren, wet scleroph. / Nothofagus cunninghamii, wet leaves and flood debris, for- est stream, FMHD 87 - 263, elev. 490 m, 37 ° 50 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 10 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (829) (1 FMNH); Warburton, Cement Creek, flood debris, forest stream, elev. 670 m, 37 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 10 – 17 January 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer (3 USNM); Warburton, Cement Creek, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, Eucalyptus regnans / Nothofagus cunninghamii, FMHD # 87 - 225, elev. 670 m, 37 ° 43 ' S, 145 ° 42 ' E, 2 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (812) (1 FMNH); Wilk’s Creek on road from Melbourne to Marysville, 37 ° 32 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 26 December 1971, Hynes (1 PZC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF90FFEBFF37FBBAFB0636F0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, Bruxner Flora Reserve, ex. leaf / twig debris in streambed pools, 30 ° 15 ' S, 153 ° 6 ' E, 28 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (60): New South Wales, Same data as holotype (1 MCZ); Cabbage Tree Creek, Canberra / Coast Road, gravel and sand at edge of small densely shaded stream in sclerophyll forest, elev. 85 m, 35 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 2 ' E, 22 July 2000, N. Porch (93) (2 ANIC); Dorrigo N. P., Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls, ex. gravel / sand stream bank, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 26 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Dorrigo N. P., Sassafras Creek, upstream from Casuarina Falls, silty gravel bank in shade, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 27 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (6 MCZ); Dorrigo N. P., south slope Dome Mt., subtropical rainforest, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 86 - 682, elev. 720 m, 30 ° 21 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 28 December 1986, A. Newton & M. Thayer (778) (8 FMNH); Dorrigo N. P., East end Blackbutt Track, window trap, subtrop. rainf., elev. 710 m, 30 ° 20 ' S, 152 ° 24 ' E, 28 February to 5 March 1980, A. Newton & M. Thayer, (1 USNM); Headwaters of Nullica River, headwater stream, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 47 ' E, 24 June 1997, J. & R. Miller (site 659) (5 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 47 ' E, 10 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 659) (1 ANIC); Ingalla S. F., 13 km S Macksville, flight intercept trap, sclerophyll forest (wet), elev. 40 m, 30 ° 41 ' S, 152 ° 56 ' E, 12 June – 26 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (1 ANIC); Macquarie Pass Nt. Pk., drift debris along stream, FMHD # 83 - 273, 34 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 40 ' E, 17 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (2 FMNH); Mt. Glennie, 16 km E Woodenbong, rainforest, flight intercept trap, elev. 910 m, 28 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 28 ' E, 25 November 1982 – 3 February 1983, [collector not given] (1 QMBA); Twin Falls, 14 km SE Mossvale, Berlesate ANIC 852, moss, grass, litter, elev. 600 m, 34 ° 38 ' S, 150 ° 29 ' E, 11 July 1982, L. Hill (7 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Crawleys Creek, 36 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 13 – 22 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 731) (12 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Nungatta Creek, 36 ° 7 ' S, 149 ° 29 ' E, 21 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 a) (1 ANIC); same locality, 23 February 1998, J. & R. Miller (site 566 c) (1 ANIC); same locality, 12 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 c) (2 ANIC); same locality, 12 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 b) (4 ANIC); same locality, 13 February 2000, J. & R. Miller (site 566 d) (2 ANIC); Queensland, Tambourine Mt., 27 ° 53 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 1 January – 30 December 1970, H. Franz (1 NMW); Victoria, Croajingolong N. P., South-West Arm Rd., 11 km NW Mallacoota, Banksia woodland, ex window trap, FMHD # 93 - 74, elev. 20 m, 37 ° 31 ' S, 149 ° 41 ' E, 10 – 23 February 1993, A. Newton & M. Thayer (1 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF90FFEBFF37FBBAFB0636F0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. cultrata in color pattern, the pronotum usually uniformly testaceous, contrasting with the dark brown head and elytra (Figs. 66, 173); differing therefrom by the larger size (ca. 1.50 vs. 1.25 mm), the slightly less transverse pronotum (w / l ca. 1. 24 vs. 1.31), the slightly more shining dorsum, and the straight plaques. The aedeagi of the two species distinctively differ (Figs. 69, 70).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF90FFEBFF37FBBAFB0636F0.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.47 / 0.58; head 0.22 / 0.33; pronotum 0.37 / 0.46, PA 0.38, PB 0.39; elytra 0.87 / 0.58. Head dark brown, lateral areas of clypeus lighter; pronotum, labrum, maxillary palpi and legs testaceous; elytra brown. Frons punctures slightly less than 1 xef; interstices shining, 2 – 5 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, ca. 1 xef; each puncture with very fine, rather long, recumbent seta; interstices shining, on disc 2 – 4 xpd, anteriorly and posteriorly 1 – 3 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointy rounded to subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins form strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 4 / 1 / 10 / 8. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques very narrow, carinate, parallel, located on sides of deep median depression; a small " accessory plaque " on each side of anterior angle of median depression, narrowly separated from carinate plaques. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Profemur with tiny acute tubercle on medial margin at about basal 1 / 3. Protibia thick, gradually widened from base to about distal 2 / 3, then excavate on medial margin; mesotibia simple. Metatibia slender, inner margin (microslide mount) with few, widely spaced, long, very fine hair-like setae over basal 1 / 2, apical 1 / 2 with widely spaced, short, stout spines. Last sternite very slightly asymmetrical, produced in small rounded point; last tergite with off-center, deep concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 70) main-piece with large lobe on right side, bisinuate, pointed at apex, contours on side adjacent to right paramere the same as paramere contours; distal piece with thin apical lobe that extends beyond gonopore bearing flagellum; left paramere shorter and wider than right, setae in two groups; right paramere slender, nearly straight, setae in one group at weakly widened apex. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF90FFEBFF37FBBAFB0636F0.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the right paramere and the adjacent, similarly contoured process of the aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF90FFEBFF37FBBAFB0636F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Victoria, New South Wales, and southeasternmost Queensland. (Fig. 258).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF90FFEBFF37FBBAFB0636F0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The color of the pronotum varies from clear testaceous, without a hint of a macula, to testaceous or light brown laterally, with a brown, diffusely margined macula. In some males the " accessory plaques " are smaller than in the holotype, and sometimes one of them will be confluent with the carinate ' regular' plaques. In females studied the plaques are not carinate, although they are distinctly raised posteriorly; also, the area of the " accessory plaques " is joined to the regular plaques, forming a shiny, but sparsely punctate, angle that joins the regular plaques. There is also some variation in the details of the male genitalia; for example, the aedeagus of the single male from Macquarie Pass National Park has slightly different raised portions near the middle of the ventral surface; otherwise the aedeagus is like that of the holotype.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFEAFF37FF07FE6A3766.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Kakadu N. P., Gungurul Lookout, creek, elev. 50 m, 13 ° 59 ' S, 132 ° 19 ' E, 1 November 1996, L. Hendrich. Deposited in the SAMA. Paratypes: Same data as holotype (3 NMW).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFEAFF37FF07FE6A3766.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Distinguished from other members of the bidefensa Group by the small size (ca. 1.17 mm) and the distinctive, narrow, dark brown fascia across the otherwise testaceous pronotum (Fig. 68). The pronotal punctures are much coarser than the elytral punctures, and the plaques are narrow, widely separated, carinate lines. The aedeagal form (Fig. 71) also distinctively differs from that of the other bidefensa Group species.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFEAFF37FF07FE6A3766.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.17 / 0.49; head 0.19 / 0.28; pronotum 0.31 / 0.38, PA 0.31, PB 0.34; elytra 0.70 / 0.49. Head dark brown except lateral margins of clypeus and adjacent areas of frons light brown; pronotum with dark brown fascia over testaceous anterior and posterior areas; elytra dark brown; legs and palpi light brown to testaceous, tip of palpi not darker. Frons microreticulate except on disc, punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining on disc, 2 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum shining, finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum shining on disc, effacedly microreticulate and dull laterally; punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, anteriorly and posteriorly 1 – 2 xpd, on disc 2 – 4 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 moderately deep; PF 4 shallow. Elytral punctures very small and shallow, much smaller than largest pronotal punctures, becoming widely separated and subserial or random over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, weakly shining, width on disc about 3 – 4 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form very moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 0.5 / 5 / 5. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques carinate, weakly arcuate, widely separated both anteriorly and posteriorly, located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Legs simple. Last sternite with very small, slightly off-center, produced margin; last tergite with deep, asymmetrical notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 71) main-piece with long, sharply pointed process on right side; distal piece with small process on right side, gonopore bearing flagellum very short; left paramere shorter and wider than right, lobeshaped apically, positioned on ventral surface, setae in two groups; right paramere slender, bent near midlength, apex adjacent to apex of sharp process of main-piece, setae in one group at weakly widened apex. Female last tergite with very small, almost imperceptible, apicomedian incision, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFEAFF37FF07FE6A3766.taxon	etymology	Etymology. " Reveal hiding "; named in reference to the distinctively banded dorsal color pattern, possibly serving as disruptive coloration.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFEAFF37FF07FE6A3766.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in Kakadu National Park, northern Northern Territory (Fig. 260).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFE9FF37F957FEFB3498.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, 7 km N Mt. Spurgeon, rainforest, sieved litter, Q. M. berlesate No. 857, elev. 1250 m, 16 ° 22 ' S, 145 ° 13 ' E, 20 October 1991, Monteith & Janetzki. Deposited in the QMBA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFE9FF37F957FEFB3498.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. cultrata and H. bidefensa in color pattern, with pronotum unicolorous, contrasting with the darker brown head and elytra, and the narrow, partially carinate, widely separated plaques (Figs. 65, 66, 173); differing therefrom by the deeper pronotal foveae PF 2, which are united to form a U-shaped impression, the stronger microreticulation of the pronotal depressions, the more regular elytral series, and details of the plaque shape. The aedeagus of H. pugillista differs distinctively from those of the compared species (Figs. 69, 70, 72).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFE9FF37F957FEFB3498.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.40 / 0.59; head 0.21 / 0.33; pronotum 0.35 / 0.48, PA 0.38, PB 0.42; elytra 0.87 / 0.59. Head and elytra dark brown; pronotum, legs and palpi brown to light brown, tip of palpi not darker. Frons shining on disc, effacedly microreticulate laterally, punctures slightly less than 1 xef; interstices on disc 2 – 4 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum and postmentum dull, microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum shining on disc, microreticulate and dull laterally, punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices 2 – 5 xpd; punctures anteriorly and posteriorly slightly larger than those on disc, interstices ca. 2 – 3 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 shallow, microreticulate, confluent with one another medially, forming u-shaped impression; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Elytra strongly shining, punctures slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures; punctures becoming smaller and shallower over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, width ca. 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form weak angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 1 / 10 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 3, sides weakly arcuate, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 2 / 3 of metaventrite on sides of deep, median, subtriangular depression; plaques narrow, weakly arcuate, carinate in posterior 1 / 2, narrowly separated anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur with minute sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia slightly arcuate, distinctively thickened, widest at distal 2 / 3; mesotibia and metatibia simple. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite slightly asymmetrical, with apical, slightly off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 72) main-piece with very large lobe on right side, boxing glove-shaped in lateral view; distal piece with narrow terminal lobe, gonopore bearing flagellum at right angle to terminal lobe; left paramere shorter than right, setae in row along ventral margin of widened distal 1 / 2; right paramere widened from near base, nearly straight, setae in row along slightly angulate, slightly widened distal end. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFE9FF37F957FEFB3498.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the boxing glove-shaped process of the aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF96FFE9FF37F957FEFB3498.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality near Mt. Spurgeon, northeastern Queensland (Fig. 248).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFE8FF37FF07FB9A3766.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, 14 km S by E Kalumburu Mission, CALM Site 4 / 3 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], 14 ° 25 ' S, 126 ° 40 ' E, at light, closed forest, 3 – 6 June 1988, T. A. Weir. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes: Western Australia, Synnot Ck., CALM Site 25 / 1 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], 16 ° 31 ' S, 125 ° 16 ' E, at light, closed forest margin, 17 – 20 June 1988, T. A. Weir (4 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFE8FF37FF07FB9A3766.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized from all species, except H. arcta and H. tenuisella, by the very flat, narrow, parallel-side form (Figs. 67, 74, 75). H. weiri is larger than H. arcta, and smaller than H. tenuisella, and the microreticulation of the frons and clypeus is weaker in H. weiri; however, these species are otherwise very similar in dorsal sculpture and plaque proportions; reliably distinguishing among the three species will require examination of the aedeagi (Figs. 78 – 80).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFE8FF37FF07FB9A3766.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.25 / 0.49; head 0.20 / 0.33; pronotum 0.31 / 0.39, PA 0.33, PB 0.34; elytra 0.74 / 0.49. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum dark brown, anterior angles slightly lighter; elytra dark brown; legs and palpi light brown to testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures less than 1 xef; interstices shining, 2 – 5 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate and shining medially. Mentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum finely sparsely punctate; punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd those of frons, interstices strongly shining, 2 – 5 xpd, largest on disc; PF 1, PF 2 and PF 4 absent; PF 3 very shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd of smallest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, strongly shining, width about 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Elytra parallel-sided or nearly so. Apices in dorsal aspect truncate, in posterior aspect margins form marked angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 7 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel or weakly diverging, apex blunt. Plaques large, slightly raised, located in posterior 3 / 5 of metaventrite on sides of shallow median depression; plaques straight, parallel or nearly so, very weakly tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 1.5 x P 2. Legs simple. Last tergite cap-like, asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 79) main-piece with very large basal orifice, narrow process distally on right side that angles toward left; distal piece with large lobes, process that terminates in gonopore-bearing flagellum angled toward left side; both parameres inserting at same level, near base of main-piece; left paramere very narrow, slightly longer than right, with about eight setae on ventral surface apically; right paramere enlarged basally, arcuate, very sharply pointed, with about four long setae on ventral surface near midlength. Female last tergite with very faint apicomedian emargination, or none, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFE8FF37FF07FB9A3766.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the collector, Thomas Weir.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFE8FF37FF07FB9A3766.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northeastern Western Australia (Fig. 257).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFF7FF37F942FE6E3498.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, Synnot Ck., CALM Site 25 / 1 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], 16 ° 31 ' S, 125 ° 16 ' E, at light, closed forest margin, 17 – 20 June 1988, T. A. Weir. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes: Same data except at light, open forest (7 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFF7FF37F942FE6E3498.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized from all species, except H. weiri and H. tenuisella, by the very flat, narrow, parallel-side form (Figs. 67, 74, 75). H. arcta is smaller than both H. weiri and H. tenuisella (ca. 1.13, 1.25, 1.39 mm respectively), and the microreticulation of the frons and clypeus is stronger; however, these species are otherwise very similar in dorsal sculpture and plaque proportions; reliably distinguishing among the three species will require examination of the aedeagi (Figs. 78 – 80).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFF7FF37F942FE6E3498.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.13 / 0.42; head 0.16 / 0.28; pronotum 0.29 / 0.35, PA 0.29, PB 0.31; elytra 0.67 / 0.42. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum brown, anterior angles slightly lighter; elytra brown; legs and palpi light brown to testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices weakly shining on middle of disc, microreticulate and dull anteriorly, 2 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum finely sparsely punctate; punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd those of frons, interstices strongly shining, 2 – 5 xpd, largest on disc; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 very shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd of smallest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Elytra parallel-sided or nearly so. Apices in dorsal aspect truncate, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 7 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel or weakly diverging, apex blunt. Plaques large, slightly raised, located in posterior 3 / 5 of metaventrite on sides of shallow median depression; plaques straight, parallel or nearly so, very weakly tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 1.5 x P 2. Legs simple, except metatibia (male) with indistinct row of short, sparse hair-like setae over distal 1 / 2 of inner surface. Last tergite cap-like, with small apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 78) main-piece enlarged distally, with two or three rounded lobes and one sharply pointed process; distal piece with a large spiculate lobe and two narrow processes, process that terminates in gonopore-bearing flagellum widened before flagellum; left paramere very narrow, shorter than right, with about seven setae on ventral surface apically; right paramere inserting above level of left, enlarged basally, arcuate, sharply pointed, with about five long setae on ventral surface near midlength. Female last tergite with very minute apicomedian incision, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFF7FF37F942FE6E3498.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the very thin body form.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF94FFF7FF37F942FE6E3498.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in the Synnot Range, northeastern Western Australia (Fig. 240).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8BFFF6FF37FA77FEB132E8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, 3 km W of Batavia Downs, 12 ° 40 ' S, 142 ° 39 ' E, Malaise Trap, 18 June – 22 July 1992, P. Zborowski & E. S. Nielsen. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8BFFF6FF37FA77FEB132E8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized from all species, except H. weiri and H. arcta, by the very flat, narrow, parallel-side form (Figs. 74, 75, 67). H. tenuisella is larger than both H. weiri and H. arcta (ca. 1.39, 1.25, 1.13 mm respectively); however, these species are very similar in dorsal sculpture and plaque proportions; reliably distinguishing among the three species will require examination of the aedeagi (Figs. 78 – 80).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8BFFF6FF37FA77FEB132E8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.39 / 0.53; head 0.22 / 0.34; pronotum 0.34 / 0.41, PA 0.36, PB 0.37; elytra 0.82 / 0.53. Dorsum brown; legs and palpi light brown to testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darker (labrum and clypeus are lighter than frons, but this may due to teneral condition of holotype). Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum finely sparsely punctate on disc, more densely punctate anteriorly and posteriorly; punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd those of frons, interstices strongly shining, 2 – 5 xpd; punctures anteriorly and posteriorly ca. twice as large as those on disc, interstices 1 – 2 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 very shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd of smallest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, strongly shining, width about 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Elytra parallel-sided or nearly so. Apices in dorsal aspect truncate, in posterior aspect margins form marked angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 7 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel or weakly diverging, apex blunt. Plaques large, slightly raised, located in posterior 3 / 5 of metaventrite on sides of shallow median depression; plaques straight, slightly converging anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Legs simple. Last tergite cap-like, with small apicomedian concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 80) main-piece with very large basal orifice; distal piece with two large lobes and three narrow processes, process that terminates in gonopore-bearing flagellum widened before flagellum; both parameres inserting at same level, near base of main-piece; left paramere very narrow, about same length as right, with about eight setae on ventral surface apically; right paramere enlarged basally, weakly arcuate, very sharply pointed, with about four long setae on ventral surface near proximal 1 / 3. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8BFFF6FF37FA77FEB132E8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the narrow and thin body form.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8BFFF6FF37FA77FEB132E8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality near Batavia Downs, in far northern Queensland (Fig. 261).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8AFFF5FF37F99AFA6337E0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Victoria, Fryer's Creek near mouth into Lake Eildon [labels: Australia, Vic, Fryers Creek n. Lake Eildon 3. x. 1972 Zwick // Hydraena ypsilon Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977 / / DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the MVMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8AFFF5FF37F99AFA6337E0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to members of the ambiflagellata Group (Figs. 73, 147 – 150); reliable determinations will require examination of the male genitalia (Fig. 81, 82).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8AFFF5FF37F99AFA6337E0.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.45 / 0.61; head 0.20 / 0.32; pronotum 0.35 / 0.46, PA 0.36, PB 0.45; elytra 0.90 / 0.61. Dorsum dark brown, anterior and posterior margins of pronotum slightly lighter, legs and tips of maxillary palpi testaceous. Dorsum strongly shining, punctures each with very fine, indistinct recumbent seta. Frons punctures ca. 1 – 2 xef; interstices shining, 1 xpd laterally, 2 – 4 xpd medially. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, very finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca 1 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 2 – 6 xpd, punctures denser and deeper at anterior, similar to lateral area of frons; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 shallow, nearly absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures slightly smaller and shallower largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 1.2 / 6 / 0.8 /. P 1 laminate; median carina posterior extreme slightly more elevated than remainder. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides nearly parallel, slightly widened toward apex blunt. Plaques arcuate, well delimited, slightly raised, narrowly confluent anteriorly, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep narrow depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) weakly widened on inner surface subapically. Metatibia (male) slender, gradually and very slightly increasing in width over length; distal 1 / 2 on inner surface with fringe of setae which at its widest is ca. width of tibia (visible in fluid; setae lie almost flat on cuticle in dry specimens). Last sternite slightly asymmetrical; last tergite with deep, slightly off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 81, 82) main-piece with right side extended, hence aedeagus Y-shaped in ventral view; distal piece with long gonopore bearing flagellum and basal process that is triangular in ventral view; left paramere much larger than right, setae in row along widened margin; right paramere inserting on process of main-piece, well distal to insertion of left paramere. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae on disc slender, tips tapering, setae along margin with tips blunt and angled ventrad, forming very discrete row on each side; gonocoxite and spermatheca as illustrated (Figs. 213, 232).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8AFFF5FF37F99AFA6337E0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Victoria, Australian Capital Territory, and southern New South Wales (Fig. 257).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8AFFF5FF37F99AFA6337E0.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (85): Australian Capital Territory, 7 km NW Tharwa, Paddy's River, 35 ° 31 ' S, 149 ° 4 ' E, 1 January 2001, W. D. Shepard (1 MCZ); New South Wales, Megalong Vy., Blue Mts., elev. 304.8 m, 33 ° 43 ' S, 150 ° 15 ' E, 20 January 1932, P. J. Darlington (10 MCZ); Victoria, Dandenong Creek at Brady Road, Dandenong North, mud at edge of artificial dam in pasture, elev. 30 m, 37 ° 57 ' S, 145 ° 13 ' E, 28 September 1999, N. Porch (53) (1 ANIC); Healesville, Dandenong Ranges, 37 ° 39 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1968, C. Watts (6 SAMA); Holey Plains State Park, firedam on Crooke Track, fine sand and organics at the edge of a small firedam in dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 45 m, 38 ° 10 ' S, 146 ° 20 ' E, 16 April 2002, N. Porch (87) (54 ANIC); Kangaroo Creek on Springhill Rd., 5.8 km E Glenlyon, amongst weeds in shallow water at edge of creek (perennial) pools, dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 510 m, 37 ° 18 ' S, 144 ° 18 ' E, 31 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 24 a) (2 ANIC); Little River at Bacchus Marsh / Geelong Road, sandy gravel and muddy sand at edge of still pool of perennial creek in riparian forest remnants, elev. 105 m, 37 ° 50 ' S, 144 ° 23 ' E, 20 October 1999, N. Porch (36) (1 ANIC); Merriman Creek, 2.0 km NW Seaspray, gravel at base of gravel bank of small creek; pasture, elev. 5 m, 38 ° 21 ' S, 147 ° 9 ' E, 7 April 1999, N. Porch & N. Krause (50) (1 ANIC); Stagnant branch of Woori Yallock Creek on road from Melbourne to Warburton, 37 ° 44 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 11 October 1972, P. Zwick (5 PZC); same locality, 37 ° 44 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 4 November 1972, P. Zwick (1 NMW, 3 PZC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF88FFF4FF37FE17FBDC3606.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, Sydney, Griffith Collection [no date], 33 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 12 ' E. Deposited in the SAMA. Paratypes (6): New South Wales, Same data as holotype (5 SAMA); Royal N. P., Palm Gully, off Lady Wakehurst Drive, subtropical rainforest, wet leaves & flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 86 - 669, elev. 80 m, 34 ° 9 ' S, 151 ° 2 ' E, 25 December 1986, A. Newton & M. Thayer (774) (1 FMNH).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF88FFF4FF37FE17FBDC3606.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. cultrata in color pattern (pronotum testaceous) and narrow, carinate plaques; differing therefrom by the slightly larger size (ca. 1.33 vs. 1.25 mm), and the much more coarsely and densely punctate dorsum (Figs. 76, 173). The aedeagi of the two species show some affinity in general shape, but markedly differ in details (Figs. 69, 84).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF88FFF4FF37FE17FBDC3606.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.33 / 0.55; head 0.21 / 0.32; pronotum 0.32 / 0.42, PA 0.35, PB 0.36; elytra 0.78 / 0.55. Head dark brown, lateral areas of clypeus lighter; pronotum, labrum, maxillary palpi and legs testaceous; elytra brown. Dorsum of head dull, microreticulate. Frons punctures slightly larger than 1 xef; interstices 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures ca. 2 – 3 xpd largest punctures of frons; interstices very weakly shining, on disc 1 – 2 xpd, anteriorly and posteriorly 0.5 – 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 5 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques narrow, carinate, slightly convergent anteriorly, located on sides of deep median triangular depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Protibia gradually increasing in width from base to apex, medial margin very weakly emarginate; mesotibia and metatibia slender, simple. Last sternite very slightly asymmetrical, apex weakly produced in small rounded point; last tergite with small, off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 84) main-piece with enlargement on ventral surface; distal piece simplified, strongly built, lobate in lateral view, terminating in pointed process above gonopore-bearing process; left paramere widened and with row of sparse setae on ventral margin; right paramere slightly longer than left, arcuate proximally and slightly widened distally, setae in sparse row on distal 1 / 3 of ventral margin, continuing to apex. Female last tergite with very small apicomedian incision, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF88FFF4FF37FE17FBDC3606.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the strongly built and uncomplicated aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF88FFF4FF37FE17FBDC3606.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from eastern New South Wales (Fig. 239).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8FFFF2FF37FE3FFD283558.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, Millstream [ca. 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E] [labels: (21.35 S 117.04 E) Millstream, WA., 2. xi. 70 from gravel at edge of pool at pipe crossing. E. Britton // [pink label] // Holotype // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena barbipes Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8FFFF2FF37FE3FFD283558.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of the large body size (ca. 1.95 mm), the shape and relative size of the pronotum, the large and well impressed pronotal foveae PF 2, the large plaques, which are posteriorly carinate in males, and the unique shape of the male metatibiae (Fig. 85). The metatibiae of males are widened on the inner surface near midlength and bear a large and dense brush of setae. Differentiated from H. luridipennis, H. simplipes, and H. impercepta by the large, well delimited plaques (among other characters). Differentiated from H. pilipes and H. robusta by the narrower and differently shaped pronotum, the presence of deep pronotal foveae PF 2, and form of the male metatibiae. The aedeagus of H. barbipes (Figs. 89, 90) is very distinct from those of the compared species.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8FFFF2FF37FE3FFD283558.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.93 / 0.84; head 0.32 / 0.44; pronotum 0.48 / 0.58, PA 0.50, PB 0.56; elytra 1.19 / 0.84. Dorsum dark brown, legs and palpi brown, distal 1 / 3 of last palpomere darker. Frons microreticulate, effacedly so on disc, punctures ca. 1.5 xef; interstices ca. 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate or micropunctulate. Mentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures on disc deep, ca. 1.5 – 2 xpd those of frons, interstices varying from narrow walls to ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 deep, oblique oval, separated by slightly less than width of a fovea; PF 3 and PF 4 very shallow, broad. Elytral punctures slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1.5 xpd. Interstices between serial punctures 1 xpd or slightly larger. Apices (male) in dorsal aspect separately, broadly rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming marked angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 1 / 2 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina slightly angulate in profile. P 2 moderately wide, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques large, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median triangular depression, plaques roundly raised, becoming carinate at posterior extreme. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Protibia straight, gradually increasing in width apically. Metatibia weakly arcuate on lateral surface, medial surface strongly widened at midlength, with large brush of hairs from widest part to nearly apical end. Abdominal apex simple. Aedeagus (Figs. 89, 90) main-piece short and wide, without lobe near base, with large fingerlike, strongly sclerotized lobe on apical part, on right side of ventral surface; left paramere slightly widened in distal 1 / 3, with two groups of setae; right paramere triangular in proximal 2 / 3, becoming very narrow in distal 1 / 3, with two groups of setae. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision delimiting two lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8FFFF2FF37FE3FFD283558.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from western Western Australia (Fig. 240).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8FFFF2FF37FE3FFD283558.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The metaventral depression of females is slightly shallower and less triangular than that of males, and the plaques do not become carinate posteriorly.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8FFFF2FF37FE3FFD283558.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (191): Western Australia, 1 km N Red Hill Station, 21 ° 58 ' S, 116 ° 4 ' E, 22 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (6 SAMA); 1 km NNE Millstream, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 3 – 4 April 1971, M. S. Upton (3 ANIC); 10 km NW Eerala Station, 21 ° 19 ' S, 117 ° 2 ' E, 23 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (1 SAMA); 2 km W Carey Downs, 25 ° 37 ' S, 115 ° 26 ' E, 19 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (1 SAMA); 5 km SE of Millstream homestead, 21 ° 37 ' S, 117 ° 6 ' E, 17 April 1971, Upton & Mitchell (17 ANIC); Cadjeput Rockhole E of Woodstock Station, at UV florescent light at night 6: 00 to 8: 45 PM, 21 ° 32 ' S, 119 ° 9 ' E, 29 September 1988, B. P. Hanich et. al. (BPH 29 - 11) (2 WAMP); Cane River, Cane River Hs. (old), 22 ° 5 ' S, 115 ° 37 ' E, 22 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (6 SAMA); Cane River, Hwy 1 crossing, 21 ° 58 ' S, 115 ° 35 ' E, 22 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (2 SAMA); Fortescue River 12 km S Newman, 23 ° 28 ' S, 119 ° 44 ' E, 27 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (4 SAMA); Gascoyne River, Gascoyne Junction, 25 ° 3 ' S, 115 ° 12 ' E, 21 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (7 SAMA); Lyndon River Bridge, 23 ° 36 ' S, 113 ° 51 ' E, 13 August 1975, K. & E. Carnaby (1 ANIC); Millstream, creek near Deep Reach, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 8 November 1970, E. B. Britton (3 ANIC); Millstream, Crossing pool, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 24 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (4 SAMA); Millstream, Crystal Pool, at light, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 5 November 1970, E. B. Britton (4 ANIC); Millstream, gravel at water’s edge in pipe crossing pool, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 2 November 1970, E. Britton (9 ANIC); Millstream, shallow stream, from gravel at edge of pool at pipe crossing, 21 ° 35 ' S, 117 ° 4 ' E, 2 November 1970, E. Britton (1 ANIC); Woodstock Station, at UV florescent light at night 6: 00 to 7: 30 PM, 21 ° 37 ' S, 119 ° 1 ' E, 24 September 1988, B. P. Hanich (site WS 9) (105 WAMP); Woodstock Station, Hill # 3, N of Gallery Hill, at UV florescent light at night, 5: 55 to 7: 30 PM, 21 ° 39 ' S, 119 ° 2 ' E, 25 September 1988, B. P. Hanich (BPH 25 - 6) (6 WAMP); Wooramel River, Callytharra Springs Station, 25 ° 49 ' S, 115 ° 22 ' E, 20 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (7 SAMA); same locality, 25 ° 49 ' S, 115 ° 22 ' E, 26 May 2001, C. H. S. Watts (2 SAMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8EFFFAFF37F8B2FBDF3378.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Lectotype (male): Queensland, Gayndah [ca. 25 ° 37 ' S, 151 ° 37 ' E] [labels: Hydraena luridipennis MacLeay Lectotype P. Zwick 1975 [written on card with specimen] // Gayndah // LECTOTYPE designated by // On permanent loan from MACLEAY MUSEUM University of Sydney // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena luridipennis MacL. Lecto-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977] [three paralectotypes and labels on same pin]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8EFFFAFF37F8B2FBDF3378.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of the large body size (ca. 2.25 mm), the shape and relative size of the pronotum, the very small plaques, and the unique shapes of the male metatibiae and the female elytral apices (Fig. 86). The metatibiae of males are weakly arcuate on the lateral surface, the inner surface is gently sinuate, and bears a moderately sparse brush of hairs over the basal 2 / 3. Females are immediately recognized by the uniquely shaped, triangularly produced elytral apices. The body size, dorsal sculpture and plaques are similar to H. simplipes and H. impercepta, but males of those species have differently shaped metatibiae, and females have non-modified elytral apices. The aedeagi of the three species are quite distinct (Figs. 91 – 94, 96).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8EFFFAFF37F8B2FBDF3378.taxon	description	Description. Size: Lectotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 2.25 / 0.91; head 0.37 / 0.49; pronotum 0.53 / 0.68, PA 0.55, PB 0.63; elytra 1.42 / 0.91. Dorsum brown, except head and pronotal disc dark brown or piceous, legs and palpi brown, distal 1 / 2 of last palpomere darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices ca. 0.5 to 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures on disc deep, ca. 3 xpd those of frons, interstices varying from narrow walls to ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 absent; PF 2 moderately deep, separated by about width of a fovea; PF 3 and PF 4 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1.5 xpd. Interstices between serial punctures 1 xpd or smaller. Apices (male) in dorsal aspect separately rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming marked angle with one another. Plaques indistinct (see notes). P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 4 / 1, sides parallel or slightly diverging toward blunt apex. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and median triangular depression. Cuticle non-asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 3 x P 2. Profemur (male) with pointed tubercle on medial surface at about basal 1 / 3. Protibia straight, widest subapically. Metatibia weakly arcuate on lateral surface, inner surface gently sinuate, with brush of hairs over basal 1 / 2. Abdominal apex markedly asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 91, 92) main-piece tubular, with strong, arrowhead-shaped process on right side of apical part; left paramere slightly cupped, with four groups of setae; right paramere lobe-shaped apically, with two groups of setae. Female last tergite with apicomedian incision; submarginal setae stout, forming a row, tips blunt and angled ventrad; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 214).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8EFFFAFF37F8B2FBDF3378.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the eastern one-half of Australia, with very disjunct locality records in western Western Australia and northern Northern Territory (Fig. 238).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8EFFFAFF37F8B2FBDF3378.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The metaventral depression is wider and deeper in males than in females. In both sexes the plaques are reduced to a very small oval or circular area on each side of the depression, near the base; in some specimens the plaques may be difficult to see, but are indicated by the less dense hydrofuge hairs. Females have simple legs, but are immediately recognized from all others by the triangularly produced elytral apices (Fig. 86). The two very disjunct localities, Badgingarra (Western Australia) and Humpty Doo (Northern Territory) are represented by a single male each. The synonyms of this species are thoroughly discussed by Zwick (1977).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF8EFFFAFF37F8B2FBDF3378.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (1,670): Australian Capital Territory, 15.5 km W Canberra, Murrumbidge River, elev. 579.12 m, 35 ° 18 ' S, 149 ° 8 ' E, 2 January 2001, W. D. Shepard (8 MCZ); 2.5 km S of Tharwa, Naas River, 35 ° 31 ' S, 149 ° 4 ' E, 31 December 2000, W. D. Shepard (8 MCZ); 30 mi. SW Canberra, 36 ° 2 ' S, 149 ° 10 ' E, 1 – 30 January 1961, C. Watts (95 SAMA); 5 km SW Boorowa, Boorowa River, 34 ° 22 ' S, 148 ° 47 ' E, 30 December 2000, W. D. Shepard (88 MCZ); 7 km NW Tharwa, Paddy's River, 35 ° 31 ' S, 149 ° 4 ' E, 1 January 2001, W. D. Shepard (28 MCZ); Bendora Dam, 35 ° 27 ' S, 148 ° 50 ' E, 3 February 1966, Britton & Musik (1 ANIC); Black Mtn., light trap, 35 ° 16 ' S, 149 ° 6 ' E, 13 March 1968, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); same locality, 35 ° 16 ' S, 149 ° 6 ' E, 14 March 1968, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); same locality, 35 ° 16 ' S, 149 ° 6 ' E, 26 March 1968, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); same locality, 35 ° 16 ' S, 149 ° 6 ' E, 29 March 1968, M. S. Upton (3 ANIC); Blundells Ck. 3 km E of Piccadilly Circus, flight intercept window / trough trap, elev. 850 m, 35 ° 22 ' S, 148 ° 50 ' E, 1 January – 30 March 1984, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson (22 ANIC); Canberra, 35 ° 22 ' S, 149 ° 5 ' E, 10 – 11 March 1956, E. S. Brown (8 BMNH); same locality, 35 ° 22 ' S, 149 ° 5 ' E, 1 – 30 January 1961, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Canberra (Farrer), 35 ° 22 ' S, 149 ° 5 ' E, 30 December 1980, D. C. F. Rentz (1 ANIC); Canberrra, stream entering L. Burley-Griffin, 35 ° 18 ' S, 149 ° 7 ' E, 30 March 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 221) (16 BMNH); Cotter River, 35 ° 30 ' S, 148 ° 50 ' E, 20 December 1965, E. Britton (1 ANIC); Gudgenby River, at Glendale, quartz gravel at edge of small river in pasture, elev. 875 m, 35 ° 41 ' S, 149 ° 0 ' E, 5 April 2001, N. Porch (29) (38 ANIC); Kambah Pool, pool, 35 ° 24 ' S, 149 ° 1 ' E, 26 November 1998, C. Watts (4 SAMA); nr. Canberra, 35 ° 22 ' S, 149 ° 5 ' E, 28 March 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 219) (10 BMNH); Orroral R., 20 km S Tharwa, 35 ° 39 ' S, 148 ° 59 ' E, 3 January 2001, A. Glaister (3 SAMA); Paddy River, 8 km NW Tharwa, 35 ° 27 ' S, 149 ° 1 ' E, 1 January 2001, A. Glaister (1 SAMA); Paddy's River, nr. Murray's Corner, 35 ° 25 ' S, 148 ° 57 ' E, 3 April 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 232) (1 BMNH); same locality, 35 ° 25 ' S, 148 ° 57 ' E, 3 April 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 231) (12 BMNH); Piccadilly Circus, flight intercept window / trough trap, elev. 1240 m, 35 ° 22 ' S, 148 ° 48 ' E, 1 January – 30 March 1984, J. Lawrence, T. Weir, M-L. Johnson (58 ANIC); Sullivans Creek, ANU Campus, Berlesate ANIC 1093, Azolla on pond, 35 ° 17 ' S, 149 ° 7 ' E, 18 November 1989 (3 ANIC); Tharwa, Tharwa Bridge Reserve, Murrumbidge River, 35 ° 31 ' S, 149 ° 4 ' E, 31 December 2000, W. D. Shepard (6 MCZ); Turner, 35 ° 16 ' S, 149 ° 7 ' E, 20 November 1966, K. Pullen (2 ANIC); Waramanga, 35 ° 21 ' S, 149 ° 4 ' E, 1 – 30 April 1973, T. Bellas (1 ANIC); Weston, 35 ° 20 ' S, 149 ° 3 ' E, 27 December 1971, T. Bellas (1 ANIC); Wombat Creek, 6 km NE of Piccadilly Circus, flight intercept window / trough trap, elev. 750 m, 35 ° 19 ' S, 148 ° 51 ' E, 1 – 30 March 1985, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson (14 ANIC); New South Wales, 1.6 km W Laurieville, Jerrabatgulla Creek, elev. 652.5768 m, 35 ° 38 ' S, 149 ° 36 ' E, 4 January 2001, W. D. Shepard (31 MCZ); 102 km N from Broken Hill, Fowler’s Gap, at light, 31 ° 5 ' S, 141 ° 42 ' E, 15 January 1981, Hangay & Vojnits (16 MHNG); 113 km W by S Cobar, coll. at light, 31 ° 35 ' S, 144 ° 39 ' E, 28 November 1981, J. C. Cardale (1 ANIC); 14 km W Delagate, 37 ° 2 ' S, 148 ° 44 ' E, 4 November 1997, C. Watts (1 SAMA); 34 km SE Braidwood, hwy. 52, Cabbage Tree Creek, wet sclerophyll forest, among algae, stones and leaves along margin of shaded stream, 35 ° 35 ' S, 150 ° 1 ' E, 2 April 1996, R. E. Roughley (1 NMW); 3 km SW of Wingello, ex. pool, 33 ° 24 ' S, 151 ° 22 ' E, 20 February 1974, S. Misko (2 ANIC); Armidale, 30 ° 30 ' S, 151 ° 39 ' E, 21 March 1963, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Barrington, 31 ° 58 ' S, 151 ° 54 ' E, 17 August 1997, C. Watts (3 SAMA); Barrington Tops, elev. 1524 m, 31 ° 59 ' S, 151 ° 27 ' E, 1 – 28 February 1932, P. J. Darlington (1 MCZ); Beaury Creek, adjacent Woodenbong State Forest, ca. 8 km SW Woodenbong, ca. 120 km SW Brisbane, Residual pools and small rock pools in river bed (Beaury Creek), in cultivated cattle country, 28 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 32 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 14) (10 NMW); Blue Mountains, 33 ° 39 ' S, 150 ° 17 ' E, 1 – 30 January 1932, P. J. Darlington (1 MCZ); Blue Mountains, Foulcon Bridge, elev. 500 m, 33 ° 36 ' S, 150 ° 25 ' E, 15 January 1993, Wewalka (1) (1 NMW); Blue Mountains National Park, Perry’s Lookdown campground, ca. 8 km NE Blackheath, UV light, elev. 900 m, 33 ° 37 ' S, 150 ° 17 ' E, 15 – 16 December 1990, D. A. Pollock & L. A. Reichert (1 NMW); Boolijah Creek, 8 km E Sassafras, 35 ° 36 ' S, 150 ° 18 ' E, 24 November 2001, A. Glaister (1 SAMA); Broken Hill [no date], 31 ° 58 ' S, 141 ° 27 ' E ,, R. J. Burton (1 SAMA); Bulla Bulla tank, 31 ° 33 ' S, 147 ° 44 ' E, 19 March 1963, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Collector, 34 ° 51 ' S, 149 ° 26 ' E, 1 – 28 February 1961, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Colo Vale, 34 ° 23 ' S, 150 ° 29 ' E, 17 January 1957, W. W. Wirth (4 USNM); Currowan Creek, 6 km N of Nelligen, 35 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 9 ' E, 26 November 2001, A. Glaister (1 SAMA); Darling River, 29 ° 57 ' S, 146 ° 18 ' E, 1 June 1923, H. J. Carter (1 MVMA); “ Darling River ” [labels read Darling River, but based on geocodes this would be the Diamantinna River], shore washing [river], 23 ° 11 ' S, 141 ° 42 ' E, 1 October 1982, Endrödy-Younga (AU 24) (28 TMSA); Forbes, 33 ° 22 ' S, 148 ° 0 ' E, 15 March 1963, C. Watts (8 SAMA); Forest Reefs [no date], 33 ° 26 ' S, 149 ° 5 ' E ,, Lea (5 QDPC); Fowlers Gap, 30 ° 55 ' S, 141 ° 35 ' E, 14 August 1983, G. Hangay (12 TMSA); Fowlers Gap Res. Stn., light / water trap, 31 ° 5 ' S, 141 ° 42 ' E, 29 November – 2 December 1981, I. Naumann & J. Cardale (156 ANIC); Fowlers Gap, shore washing [river], 30 ° 55 ' S, 141 ° 36 ' E, 3 October 1982, Endrödy-Younga (AU 25) (3 TMSA); Galston, 33 ° 39 ' S, 151 ° 4 ' E, 1 February 1929, H. J. Carter (1 BMNH); Gilgandra, 31 ° 42 ' S, 148 ° 40 ' E, 19 March 1963, C. Watts (1 SAMA); same locality, 31 ° 42 ' S, 148 ° 40 ' E, 19 November 1992, C. Watts (14 SAMA); Goodradigbee R. nr. Brindabella, 35 ° 14 ' S, 148 ° 44 ' E, 11 December 1973, Sue Britton (15 ANIC); Grenfell [no date], 33 ° 47 ' S, 148 ° 22 ' E ,, E. W. Ferguson Collection (2 ANIC); Guy Fawkes River, Ebor, 30 ° 24 ' N, 152 ° 20 ' E, 31 August 2004, A. Glaister (2 NMW); Hartley Vale, Blue Mts., elev. 762 m, 33 ° 31 ' S, 150 ° 14 ' E, 30 January 1932, P. J. Darlington (16 MCZ); Kootingal (6 km W), 31 ° 3 ' S, 151 ° 3 ' E, 23 February 1992, G. L. Challet (1 USNM); Kosciusko N. P., Betts Creek, alpine meadow, ex Sphagnum etc., at stream edge and in bog, FMHD # 87 - 267, elev. 1740 m, 36 ° 25 ' S, 148 ° 22 ' E, 14 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (5 FMNH); Macquarie Pass 7 km ENE Robertson, 34 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 40 ' E, 8 February 1984, I. D. Naumann (1 ANIC); Megalong Vy., Blue Mts., elev. 304.8 m, 33 ° 43 ' S, 150 ° 15 ' E, 20 January 1932, P. J. Darlington (36 ANIC); Menindee Lakes Pk. Trust, Caravan Pk., at light, 32 ° 21 ' S, 142 ° 24 ' E, 26 December 1973, G. F. Gross (2 SAMA); Minnamurra River, a few km N Jamberoo, 34 ° 38 ' S, 150 ° 46 ' E, 7 March 1992, H. & P. Zwick (2 PZC); Mittagong [no date], 34 ° 28 ' S, 150 ° 25 ' E ,, Lea (1 SAMA); Mogo Creek, St. Albans, site 2, 33 ° 12 ' S, 151 ° 5 ' E, 20 November 1996, J. & R. Miller (8 JMC); Mt. Kosciusko, elev. 1524 – 2133 m, 36 ° 2 ' S, 148 ° 25 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1931, P. J. Darlington (1 MCZ); Mudgee, 32 ° 34 ' S, 149 ° 35 ' E, 1 February 1935, H. J. Carter (1 UQIC); Mulwala [no date, no collr.], 35 ° 58 ' S, 146 ° 0 ' E, (1 SAMA); Muswellbrook [no date], 32 ° 15 ' S, 150 ° 53 ' E ,, E. W. Ferguson Collection (1 ANIC); Narromine [no date], 32 ° 13 ' S, 148 ° 14 ' E ,, E. W. Ferguson Collection (5 ANIC); Nepean River, 33 ° 43 ' S, 150 ° 39 ' E, 7 September 1929, H. J. Carter & F. E. Wilson (1 MVMA); Numeralla River at Numeralla, waters edge of gravel bar at margin of flowing river, elev. 730 m, 36 ° 10 ' S, 149 ° 20 ' E, 9 April 2000, N. Porch (NP 26) (2 ANIC); Nyngan, 31 ° 33 ' S, 147 ° 12 ' E, 1 December 1953 – 30 January 1954, J. W. Armstrong (15 CAS); same locality, 31 ° 33 ' S, 147 ° 12 ' E, 16 March 1963, C. Watts (3 SAMA); On bank of Darling R., 20 mi. SSW of Bourka, at light, 30 ° 21 ' S, 145 ° 48 ' E, 25 December 1973, G. F. Gross (1 SAMA); Perisher, Porcupine, in sphagnum, elev. 1800 m, 36 ° 24 ' S, 148 ° 24 ' E, 15 January 1989, P. S. Cranston (2 ANIC); Pool near Macquarie Rivulet, near Robertson, SW Wollongong, 34 ° 35 ' S, 150 ° 35 ' E, 8 March 1992, H. & P. Zwick (1 PZC); Prospect / St. Mary's Road, 33 ° 47 ' S, 150 ° 55 ' E, 24 March 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 212) (1 BMNH); Rope’s Creek [no date], 33 ° 49 ' S, 150 ° 48 ' E ,, E. W. Ferguson Collection (3 ANIC); Round Hills, near Lake Cargillego, at light, 31 ° 41 ' S, 144 ° 18 ' E, 12 January 1981, Hangay & Vojnits (6 MHNG); Sawpit Ck., Kosciusko N. P., elev. 1200 m, 31 ° 47 ' S, 150 ° 41 ' E, 14 March 1979, T. A. Weir (1 ANIC); Shaw Creek, Springwood / Richmond Rd., elev. 8 m, 33 ° 38 ' S, 150 ° 38 ' E, 24 March 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 214) (21 BMNH); Siding Spring Mtn., Warrumbungle N. P., Euc. forest at light, 31 ° 19 ' S, 149 ° 0 ' E, 23 November 1985, C. Reid (3 ANIC); Sydney, elev. 100 m, 33 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 12 ' E, 11 July 1943, H. P. Chandler (3 CAS); Sydney, Griffith Collection [no date], 33 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 12 ' E, (3 SAMA); Tenterfield, Bluff River, 28 ° 49 ' S, 151 ° 56 ' E, 29 August 2004, A. Glaister (2 NMW); Tenterfield, Dumaresq River, 28 ° 59 ' S, 151 ° 31 ' E, 28 August 2004, A. Glaister (2 NMW); The Lake Ck., 12 km NNE of Jindabyne, elev. 1160 m, 36 ° 25 ' S, 148 ° 38 ' E, 16 March 1979, T. A. Weir (1 ANIC); Tooloom Scrub via Urbenville, pyrethrum on logs, 28 ° 34 ' S, 152 ° 29 ' E, 28 September 1989, G. B. Monteith (1 QMBA); Upper Williams River, 32 ° 21 ' S, 151 ° 45 ' E, 1 – 30 October 1926, Lea & Wilson (2 SAMA); Valley near Blackheath, Blue Mountains, elev. 914.4 m, 33 ° 37 ' S, 150 ° 17 ' E, 23 January 1932, P. J. Darlington (1 MCZ); Wilcannia, 31 ° 34 ' S, 143 ° 22 ' E, 1 – 30 March 1960, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Willandra Bridge, 11 km N of Mossgriel, dry swamp, at light, 33 ° 16 ' S, 144 ° 34 ' E, 21 December 1970, Britton, Misko, Pullen (1 ANIC); Wollindibby Ck., 10 km WbyS of Jindabyne, elev. 1060 m, 36 ° 28 ' S, 148 ° 29 ' E, 15 March 1979, T. A. Weir (1 ANIC); Woodlands Creek at Kuradji Sandon Point, 34 ° 19 ' S, 150 ° 55 ' E, 2 April 2001, J. & R. Miller (1 JMC); Young (40 km N), pond, 33 ° 39 ' S, 150 ° 18 ' E, 20 February 1992, G. L. Challet (1 USNM); Northern Territory, 80 mi. NW Alice Springs, 23 ° 23 ' S, 133 ° 3 ' E, 1 – 28 February 1968, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Alice Springs [no date, no collr.], 23 ° 42 ' S, 133 ° 52 ' E ,, unknown (2 ANIC); Border Waterhole, Musselbrook Ck. 15 km W by S of Musselbrook Mining Camp (QLD), large permanent pool in gorge, muddy edges, rocky, algal growth, 18 ° 37 ' S, 137 ° 59 ' E, 14 May 1995, T. Weir (2 ANIC); Finke Gorge N. P., Kanara Ck. at The Oasis, permanent rock pools, palms, grass at edges, algal growth, 24 ° 4 ' S, 132 ° 44 ' E, 12 March 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); Humpty Doo (6 km E), 12 ° 37 ' S, 131 ° 15 ' E, 9 February – 4 March 1987, R. I. Storey (1 QPIM); Palm Valley, Finke Gorge National Park, 24 ° 4 ' S, 132 ° 44 ' E, 10 – 12 August 1974, T. Weir & T. Angeles (6 ANIC); Renner Springs, 18 ° 19 ' S, 133 ° 48 ' E, 4 May 1962, C. H. S. Watts (2 SAMA); Queensland, 15 km ESE Warwick, Queen Mary Falls N. P., E Killarney, elev. 300 m, 28 ° 20 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 15) (1 NMW); 18 km N Mareeba, intermittent stream, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 September 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); 30 km NE Brisbane, Mt. Nebo Road, Pond, ca. 200 m, Sclerophyll forest, elev. 540 m, 27 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 1) (3 NMW); 30 km NW Brisbane, South Pine River, elev. 120 m, 27 ° 21 ' S, 152 ° 47 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 2) (7 NMW); 31 km NW by N of Longreach, 23 ° 13 ' S, 144 ° 4 ' E, 10 May 1973, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); 4 km N Conondale, Sandy Creek, 26 ° 42 ' S, 152 ° 41 ' E, 17 August 2004, A. Glaister (3 NMW); 40 km S Beaudesert, Running Creek, along road between Mt. Chinghee N. P. and Border Ranges N. P., at 7 th Bridge, stream, ca. 5 – 8 m wide, including rockpools, flowing through open forest (Casuarina, Eucalyptus), 28 ° 19 ' S, 152 ° 55 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 13) (9 NMW); 6 km W Dimbulah, 17 ° 8 ' S, 145 ° 6 ' E, 10 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); 60 km S Brisbane, 10 km NNW Canungra, 27 ° 57 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 11) (5 NMW); 8 km W Rathdowney, Logan River, 28 ° 12 ' S, 152 ° 47 ' E, 27 August 2004, A. Glaister (2 NMW); 90 km SW Brisbane, 40 km NE Warwick, 28 ° 3 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 17) (10 NMW); Albert River, S of Wolfdene, 30 km SE Brisbane, River (Albert River), ca. 20 m wide, slightly polluted, flowing through cultivated land, elev. 30 m, 27 ° 46 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 3) (2 NMW); “ Big Spring ”, 3 km SE Edgbaston H. S., 31 km NE Aramac, spring, 22 ° 45 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 4 May 1988, W. Zeidler (5 SAMA); Biloela, 24 ° 24 ' S, 150 ° 30 ' E, 7 September 1972, H. E. Hinton (14 BMNH); Birdsville, 25 ° 53 ' S, 139 ° 21 ' E, 14 September 1968, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Bluewater, 19 ° 10 ' S, 146 ° 24 ' E, 31 October 1995, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Boggom. 30 via Taroom, baited flight intercept, 057, 25 ° 27 ' S, 150 ° 2 ' E, 14 November 1996 – 30 January 1997, Cook & Monteith (4 QMBA); Boggom. 8 via Taroom, baited flight intercept, 035, 25 ° 27 ' S, 150 ° 2 ' E, 12 November 1996 – 30 January 1997, Cook & Monteith (1 QMBA); Boggomoss No. 19, via Taroom, night hand collection, 034, 25 ° 25 ' S, 150 ° 1 ' E, 11 November 1996, Qld. Mus. survey (1 QMBA); Boggomoss No. 21, via Taroom, aquatic collection, 073, 25 ° 27 ' S, 150 ° 3 ' E, 11 November 1996, Thompson & Monteith (3 QMBA); Boggomoss No. 21, via Taroom, at light, 028, 25 ° 27 ' S, 150 ° 3 ' E, 11 November 1996, G. B. Monteith (1 QMBA); Borumba Dam, Yabba Creek Crossing No. 6, elev. 150 m, 26 ° 25 ' S, 152 ° 45 ' E, 18 November 1996, Endrich (26) (79 NMW); Brisbane, 27 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 23 September 1892, C. Wild (1 SAMA); same locality, 27 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 12 April 1957, Haseler (1 UQIC); same locality, 27 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 2 June 1957, Haseler (4 UQIC); Brisbane State Forest, Manorina N. P., elev. 530 m, 27 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 19 November 1996, L. Hendrich (28) (4 NMW); Bruce Hwy. nr Childers, 10 km N Howard, creeks, 25 ° 14 ' S, 152 ° 16 ' E, 17 November 1996, L. Hendrich (20 NMW); Bullaroo Creek, 150 km N of Roma, on road to Carnarvon National Park, 25 ° 11 ' S, 148 ° 34 ' E, 17 March 1992, H. & P. Zwick (1 PZC); Bunya Mt., logs and bark, 26 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 40 ' E, 11 December 1982, Endrödy-Younga (AU 101) (1 TMSA); Bunya Mts. N. P., rainforest litter, SBP 108, elev. 1000 m, 26 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 34 ' E, 18 August 1982, S. Peck (1 ANIC); Burnett River, Mt. Perry Rd., 25 ° 23 ' S, 151 ° 46 ' E, 15 August 2004, A. Glaister (1 NMW); C. QLD: Peawaddy Gorge, Mt. Moffatt N. P., elev. 1100 m, 24 ° 55 ' S, 148 ° 4 ' E, 26 February 1996, G. B. Monteith (1 QMBA); Camooweal, 19 ° 55 ' S, 138 ° 7 ' E, 30 April 1963, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Canungra Ck., Sarabah Bridge, 10 km SW Canungra, 28 ° 4 ' S, 153 ° 6 ' E, 22 August 2004, A. Glaister (1 NMW); Canungra Creek, 60 km SSE Brisbane, River (Canungra Creek), ca. 8 – 10 m wide, through cultivated land, elev. 160 m, 28 ° 4 ' S, 153 ° 6 ' E, 22 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 6) (7 NMW); Carnarvon, 24 ° 56 ' S, 148 ° 39 ' E, 29 May 1954, F. A. Perkins (1 UQIC); Carnarvon Ck. 17 km E Park Office, 25 ° 1 ' S, 148 ° 18 ' E, 14 August 2004, A. Glaister (5 NMW); Carnarvon Gorge, 25 ° 4 ' S, 148 ° 15 ' E, 24 May – 2 June 1954, F. A. Perkins (1 UQIC); Clermont, 22 ° 44 ' S, 147 ° 26 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1929, K. K. Spence (15 AMSA); Cloncurry, 20 ° 42 ' S, 140 ° 30 ' E, 29 April 1963, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Condamine R. Killarney, 27 ° 3 ' S, 149 ° 38 ' E, 6 November 1932, H. Hacker (7 QMBA); Connor’s River, 91.5 miles S Mackay, 22 ° 39 ' S, 149 ° 4 ' E, 3 September 1972, H. E. Hinton (18 BMNH); Dargonelly Rockhole, 25 ° 2 ' S, 147 ° 54 ' E, 27 February 1996, G. Monteith & C. Burwell (5 QMBA); Darr River, 31 km NW by N Longreach, 23 ° 40 ' S, 143 ° 50 ' E, 7 April 1976, D. H. Colless (1 ANIC); Edungalba, ex flight intercept trap, 23 ° 43 ' S, 149 ° 50 ' E, 1 January 1987, H. & A. Howden (1 ANIC); Edungalba, 23 ° 43 ' S, 149 ° 50 ' E, 14 December 1988, H. & A. Howden (1 CMNO); Eumamurrin Creek, 53 km N of Roma, on road to Carnarvon National Park, 26 ° 14 ' S, 148 ° 42 ' E, 17 March 1992, H. & P. Zwick (34 PZC); Finch Hatton, Palmtree Creek, 21 ° 6 ' S, 148 ° 37 ' E, 5 September 1972, H. E. Hinton (1 BMNH); Gatton, 27 ° 32 ' S, 152 ° 3 ' E, 9 November 1932, [collector not given] (2 QDPC); Gayndah, 25 ° 37 ' S, 151 ° 37 ' E (1 ANIC); Girraween N. P., Bald Rock Creek at " Under-ground Creek ", ex. sand / gravel streambank, 28 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 57 ' E, 22 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (5 MCZ); Girraween N. P., Bald Rock Creek near Bald Rock camp ground, 28 ° 49 ' S, 151 ° 55 ' E, 29 August 2004, A. Glaister (2 NMW); Glengyle, 24 ° 47 ' S, 139 ° 35 ' E, 15 September 1968, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Greenvale, 150 km NW Charters Towers, elev. 500 m, 19 ° 0 ' S, 144 ° 58 ' E, 19 January 1993, Wewalka (1 NMW); Greenvale 70 km SW, at light, 19 ° 23 ' S, 144 ° 37 ' E, 10 – 20 October 1995, A. J. Watts (1 SAMA); Indooroopilly, pan traps along creek, 27 ° 30 ' S, 152 ° 59 ' E, 28 February – 9 March 1984, L. Masner (2 CMNO); Julia Creek, 20 ° 3 ' S, 141 ° 12 ' E, 24 April 1963, C. Watts (15 SAMA); Kenilworth, Obi Obi Creek, elev. 150 – 200 m, 26 ° 36 ' S, 152 ° 44 ' E, 18 November 1996, L. Hendrich (27) (6 NMW); Lamington N. P., Comera River, 80 km S Brisbane, 28 ° 8 ' S, 153 ° 9 ' E, 24 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 10) (10 NMW); Lamington N. P., Moran’s Creek, 80 km S Brisbane, elev. 760 – 820 m, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 24 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 9) (2 NMW); MEQ: Boomer Range, Site 8, open forest, intercept trap, elev. 220 m, 23 ° 12 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 16 December 1999 – 22 March 2000, G. B. Monteith (1 QMBA); MEQ: Mt. Bluffkin, 7 km NNE, on road Brigalow, intercept trap, 22 ° 36 ' S, 149 ° 14 ' E, 22 March – 2 June 2000, Monteith & Cook (1 QMBA); Mia Mia State Forest, between Finch Hatton & Pinnacle, Cattle Creek, 21 ° 14 ' S, 148 ° 47 ' E, 16 March 1997, P. Zwick (25 PZC); Nanango, Barkers Creek [no date], 26 ° 40 ' S, 151 ° 59 ' E ,, L. Wassell (1 UQIC); Noccundra, at light, 27 ° 49 ' S, 142 ° 35 ' E, 2 May 1968, R. Lewis (1 ANIC); Pioneer R. nr. Mirani, 21 ° 9 ' S, 149 ° 13 ' E, 4 September 1972, H. E. Hinton (2 BMNH); Queen Mary Falls N. P., E Killarney, 15 km ESE Warwick, elev. 770 m, 28 ° 20 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 16) (2 NMW); Reid R. E of Charters Towers, 19 ° 45 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E, 4 May 1998, C. H. S. Watts (1 SAMA); Richmond, 20 ° 56 ' S, 143 ° 20 ' E, 1 December 1917, [collector unknown] (2 NMW); same locality, 20 ° 56 ' S, 143 ° 20 ' E, 20 February 1918, [collector unknown] (7 NMW); same locality, 20 ° 56 ' S, 143 ° 20 ' E, 23 February 1918, [collector unknown] (1 NMW); same locality, 20 ° 56 ' S, 143 ° 20 ' E, 12 March 1918, [collector unknown] (2 NMW); same locality, 20 ° 56 ' S, 143 ° 20 ' E, 20 May 1918, [collector unknown] (4 NMW); Rockhampton, Bruce Hwy. near Raglan, 12 Mile Creek, elev. 20 m, 23 ° 22 ' S, 150 ° 30 ' E, 14 November 1996, L. Hendrich (24) (31 NMW); Running Creek Road, SE Rathdowney, ca. 25 km SSE Beaudesert, small road side ditch (remnants of small swampy meadow), 28 ° 15 ' S, 152 ° 53 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 12) (3 NMW); South of Charleville, 26 ° 24 ' S, 146 ° 20 ' E, 9 May 1973, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); Stanthorpe, 28 ° 39 ' S, 151 ° 56 ' E, 1 – 30 January 1961, C. Watts (5 SAMA); Tambourine Mt., 27 ° 53 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 20 January 1987, W. Dressler (1 ANIC); Taroom Dist. Boggom. 11, 162, 25 ° 28 ' S, 150 ° 3 ' E, 14 June 1996, R. Kristensen (14 QMBA); Taroom Dist. Boggom. 3, 163, 25 ° 26 ' S, 150 ° 1 ' E, 14 June 1996, R. Kristensen (11 QMBA); Taroom District, Boggomoss 21, open forest, sieved leaf litter, QM berlesate no. 912, elev. 200 m, 25 ° 27 ' S, 150 ° 3 ' E, 10 November 1996, G. B. Monteith (1 QMBA); Townsville, 19 ° 15 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E, 24 March 1932, P. J. Darlington (22 MCZ); same locality, 19 ° 15 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E, 16 – 22 March 1965, J. Balogh (1 HNHM); Townsville [no date], 19 ° 15 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E ,, E. W. Ferguson Collection (1 ANIC); same locality, 19 ° 15 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E, 19 April 1963, C. Watts (6 SAMA); Upper Brookfield, 27 ° 28 ' S, 152 ° 51 ' E, 10 December 1962, G. Monteith (1 UQIC); Young’s Crossing, Petrie, 27 ° 16 ' S, 152 ° 57 ' E, 2 October 1959, I. C. Yeo (2 UQIC); South Australia, 3 rd Spr. Willigon Ck, Flinders Rg., creek spring, 31 ° 0 ' S, 138 ° 38 ' E, 15 December 1976, J. E. Bishop & J. H. Diener (1 SAMA); Adelaide, 34 ° 55 ' S, 138 ° 36 ' E, 1 – 30 March 1956, C. Watts (3 SAMA); Adelaide [no date], 34 ° 55 ' S, 138 ° 36 ' E ,, Blackwell (1 BMNH); Alligator Gorge, 32 ° 44 ' S, 138 ° 4 ' E, 1 – 30 June 1959, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Balcanoona Ck., Nth. Flinders, 30 ° 33 ' S, 139 ° 20 ' E, 24 July 1976, P. Suter, B. Mitchell, R. Marchant (1 SAMA); Chambers Gorge, 30 ° 58 ' S, 139 ° 16 ' E, 1 – 30 September 1983, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Cooper Creek, Embarka W. H., 27 ° 41 ' S, 140 ° 12 ' E, 21 July 1994, Aust. water quality centre 3784 (1 SAMA); Enorama Ck. on Aroona Valley Rd., Nth. Flinders, 31 ° 19 ' S, 138 ° 41 ' E, 26 July 1976, P. Suter, B. Mitchell, R. Marchant (1 SAMA); Lake Giles Tank, Gawler Ranges, Eyre Pen., 32 ° 38 ' S, 136 ° 53 ' E, 12 December 1976, J. E. Bishop & J. H. Diener (2 SAMA); Lake Pinpa, 40 km E Frome Downs Station, on lake surface, 31 ° 13 ' S, 140 ° 11 ' E, 1 – 30 August 1976, N. Pledge (1 SAMA); Mt. Compass, 35 ° 19 ' S, 138 ° 36 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1960, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Mt. Gambier, 37 ° 50 ' S, 140 ° 45 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1961, C. Watts (5 SAMA); Mt. Lofty Rgs. [no date], 34 ° 58 ' S, 138 ° 42 ' E ,, A. H. Elston (10 AMSA); Mybonga [no date] ,, R. F. Kemp (2 AMSA); Old Wirrialpa Spr., Flinders Rg., 31 ° 4 ' S, 138 ° 54 ' E, 16 December 1976, J. E. Bishop & J. H. Diener (7 SAMA); Orlunga Ck., Nt. Flinders, 31 ° 5 ' S, 138 ° 33 ' E, 25 July 1976, P. Suter, B. Mitchell, R. Marchant (1 SAMA); Parachilna Ck., nr. Mt. Mary, Nth. Flinders, 31 ° 8 ' S, 138 ° 31 ' E, 26 July 1976, P. Suter, B. Mitchell, R. Marchant (1 SAMA); Quorn [no date], 32 ° 20 ' S, 138 ° 2 ' E ,, A. H. Elston (1 MVMA, 2 SAMA); Scotts Creek Park, near Adelaide, 35 ° 5 ' S, 138 ° 41 ' E, 12 December 2001, M. Balke (5 NMW); Warburton R., 2 km S White Bull Yard, Kalamurina Stn., 27 ° 54 ' S, 137 ° 54 ' E, 7 October 1999, WHC exped. (1 SAMA); Williamstown, 34 ° 40 ' S, 138 ° 53 ' E, 1 – 30 September 1961, C. Watts (1 SAMA); same locality, 34 ° 40 ' S, 138 ° 53 ' E, 1 – 30 October 1961, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Victoria, 10 km NE Mirranatwa, small creek bed / drying pool, stony, dead leaves, dry sclerophyll forest, 37 ° 36 ' S, 142 ° 13 ' E, 12 October 1997, C. Watts (1 SAMA); 20 km NNE of Licola, Bennison Plains, 37 ° 28 ' S, 146 ° 43 ' E, 30 November 1976, A. A. Calder (12 MVMA); 21 miles E of Echuca, in irrigation channel, 36 ° 8 ' S, 144 ° 45 ' E, 27 October 1967, Britton & Misko (1 ANIC); 4 km W of Violet Town, ex small pool, 36 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 22 November 1973, S. Misko (8 ANIC); 8 km SW Moyston, 37 ° 17 ' S, 142 ° 39 ' E, 16 November 1969, E. F. Riek (5 ANIC); Acheron River, Narbethong, 37 ° 33 ' S, 145 ° 39 ' E, 2 December 1998, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Alps [no date], 37 ° 30 ' S, 145 ° 53 ' E ,, C. French (1 MVMA); Avoca River at Avoca, litter and gravelly sand at edge of small river; pasture, elev. 225 m, 37 ° 5 ' S, 143 ° 28 ' E, 12 March 2000, N. Porch (71) (1 ANIC); Bacchus Marsh, 12 km W by N of, shallow, grassy, roadside ditch, and from litter and mud at edge of ditch, elev. 455 m, 37 ° 38 ' S, 144 ° 17 ' E, 17 September 2000, N. Porch (4) (16 ANIC); Bannimboola Creek, 10 km WNW Dartmouth, 36 ° 30 ' S, 147 ° 30 ' E, 29 October 1976, A. A. Calder (2 MVMA); Black Calf Creek near Mitton’s Bridge, 13 km south of Kinglake, 37 ° 35 ' S, 145 ° 18 ' E, 29 September 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Boggy Creek at Princes Hwy. bridge, Nowa Nowa, cobbles and muddy gravel at edge of small river; dry sclerophyll forest, pasture, elev. 5 m, 37 ° 43 ' S, 148 ° 5 ' E, 19 September 1999, N. Porch (59) (1 ANIC); Brisbane Ranges National Park, 8.2 km W Rowsley Trig., litter and mud at edge of small firedam in dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 405 m, 37 ° 44 ' S, 144 ° 16 ' E, 1 January 2000, N. Porch (60) (1 ANIC); Caladonia Fen, 2.5 km NE Snowy Range airstrip, elev. 1300 m, 37 ° 20 ' S, 146 ° 45 ' E, 8 December 1998, N. Porch (1 ANIC); Caledonia Fen, 3 km NNW of Snowy Range Airfield, Alpine National Park, small pool in drying fen; montane sclerophyll forest, elev. 1300 m, 37 ° 19 ' S, 146 ° 44 ' E, 22 February 2001, N. Porch (23) (8 ANIC); Dandenong Creek near mouth into sea, 37 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 12 ' E, 1 March 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Dinner Plain to Mt. Hotham, shallow macrophyte rich pond in subalpine snow gum (E. pauciflora) forest, elev. 1630 m, 37 ° 0 ' S, 147 ° 10 ' E, 16 December 2001, N. Porch (89) (5 ANIC); Dondangadale, 36 ° 47 ' S, 146 ° 40 ' E, 1 November 1955, Neboise (8 MVMA); East Pomborneit, 24 km ESE Camperdown, temporary pond, 38 ° 17 ' S, 143 ° 22 ' E, 1 August 1978 – 28 February 1979, P. S. Lake (6 ANIC); East Tangil River, 37 ° 50 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 8 November 1997, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Eel Hole Creek at Spilway. S 47 LaTrobe C. Survey, 38 ° 17 ' S, 146 ° 22 ' E, 8 December 1978, [collector not given] (1 MVMA); Fitzroy River [no date, no collr.], 38 ° 9 ' S, 141 ° 42 ' E, (4 BMNH); Fryer’s Creek near mouth into Lake Eildon, 37 ° 11 ' S, 145 ° 53 ' E, 3 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Godfrey’s Creek above AI Mine Settlement, 38 ° 36 ' S, 143 ° 54 ' E, 11 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Goulbourn River, at Goulbourn Valley Hwy., 8.0 km SE. Seymour, sandy mud at edge of large slow river, elev. 145 m, 37 ° 5 ' S, 145 ° 12 ' E, 11 August 1999, N. Porch (70) (1 ANIC); Grampians, 37 ° 15 ' S, 142 ° 26 ' E, 1 – 28 February 1963, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Halls Gap, 37 ° 10 ' S, 142 ° 33 ' E, 13 January 1997, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Healesville, Dandenong Ranges, 37 ° 39 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1968, C. Watts (5 SAMA); same locality, 37 ° 39 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 15 January 1997, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Jamieson River at Jamieson, 38 ° 35 ' S, 143 ° 53 ' E, 2 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Jordan River / BB Creek Junction, Jericho, NMV Survey Dept. GRES T 10 no. 1, 37 ° 39 ' S, 146 ° 17 ' E, 28 November 1976, [collector not given] (2 MVMA); Kangaroo Creek on Springhill Rd., 5.8 km E Glenlyon, amongst weeds in shallow water at edge of creek (perennial) pools, dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 510 m, 37 ° 18 ' S, 144 ° 18 ' E, 31 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 24 a) (1 ANIC); Kiewa Valley Hwy. n. Redbank, 36 ° 56 ' S, 143 ° 19 ' E, 13 February 1998, L. Hendrich (2 NMW); Latrobe River at Piedmont, gravel at edge of river at pasture / forest boundary, elev. 255 m, 37 ° 53 ' S, 145 ° 54 ' E, 1 January 2003, N. Porch & N. Krause (NP 54) (1 ANIC); Little River at Bacchus Marsh / Geelong Road, sandy gravel and muddy sand at edge of still pool of perennial creek in riparian forest remnants, elev. 105 m, 37 ° 50 ' S, 144 ° 23 ' E, 20 October 1999, N. Porch (36) (4 ANIC); Loddon Falls, base of, NE of Glenlyon, sandy gravel at edge of waterfall splashpool in scrubby gorge [stream], elev. 470 m, 37 ° 16 ' S, 144 ° 14 ' E, 16 March 2001, N. Porch & K. Sniderman (19) (1 ANIC); Loddon River at Newstead, gravel at edge of small river flowing through pasture, elev. 210 m, 37 ° 6 ' S, 144 ° 3 ' E, 27 November 1999, N. Porch (47) (2 ANIC); Macalister / Thomson R. Jnc., 37 ° 46 ' S, 146 ° 40 ' E, 19 February 1977, A. A. Calder (1 MVMA); Marysville, 37 ° 31 ' S, 145 ° 45 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1968, C. Watts (1 SAMA); McFarlane Saddle, 1.75 km WNW of Trapyard Hill, roadside firedam, mud and shallow water at the edge of a small clay based firedam lacking macrophytes, elev. 1495 m, 37 ° 28 ' S, 147 ° 50 ' E, 28 November 1999, N. Porch & N. Krause (43) (15 ANIC); Melbourne [no date], 37 ° 58 ' S, 144 ° 58 ' E, (1 BMNH); Merriman Creek, 2.0 km NW Seaspray, gravel at base of gravel bank of small creek; pasture, elev. 5 m, 38 ° 21 ' S, 147 ° 9 ' E, 7 April 1999, N. Porch & N. Krause (50) (3 ANIC); Mitta Mitta River, 10 km NW of Dartmouth Dam, 36 ° 30 ' S, 147 ° 26 ' E, 1 November 1976, A. A. Calder (1 MVMA); Mitta Mitta River at Mitta Mitta, 36 ° 32 ' S, 147 ° 22 ' E, 1 December 1973, Neboiss & Malcolm (1 MVMA); Mitta Mitta River / Snowy Creek Junction, 36 ° 30 ' S, 147 ° 26 ' E, 3 November 1976, A. A. Calder (1 MVMA); Mogg’s Creek, 38 ° 27 ' S, 144 ° 3 ' E, 1 January 1940, P. Radford (1 MVMA); Morses Creek, Bright Caravan Park, Bright, gravel and mud at edge of small stream in developed park, elev. 330 m, 37 ° 44 ' S, 144 ° 7 ' E, 13 December 2001, N. Porch (80) (1 ANIC); Mt. Disappointment Plateau, Mountain Road / Bruce Creek Road Junction, muddy litter at edge of firedam in dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 605 m, 37 ° 23 ' S, 145 ° 6 ' E, 17 October 1999, N. Porch (48) (2 ANIC); Nolans Creek picnic ground, 1 km SSW of Mt. Wilson, gravel and litter at edge of small forest stream flowing through sclerophyll forest, elev. 645 m, 37 ° 27 ' S, 144 ° 14 ' E, 6 January 2002, N. Porch (81) (1 ANIC); Otways, Carisbrook Creek near mouth into sea, 38 ° 38 ' S, 143 ° 46 ' E, 14 November 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Ovens River at Harrietville, 36 ° 53 ' S, 147 ° 4 ' E, 23 November 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Settling Ponds Dam, at Junction of Settling Ponds Track and Hudbrick Track, gravelly mud at edge of small dam in dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 260 m, 37 ° 7 ' S, 143 ° 40 ' E, 9 June 2001, N. Porch (74) (11 ANIC); Shaw Creek, Bennison Plains, NMV Survey Dept. GRES Mc 9 no. 8, 37 ° 32 ' S, 146 ° 40 ' E, 30 November 1976, [collector not given] (5 MVMA); Simpson Creek, 12 km SW Orbost, 37 ° 44 ' S, 148 ° 20 ' E, 30 November 1998, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Six Mile Creek, Dartmouth Survey, Locality GA, 37 ° 12 ' S, 146 ° 23 ' E, 7 April 1973 (1 MVMA); Thompson River, Low Saddle Trk, NMV Survey Dept. GRES T 15 no. 3, 37 ° 41 ' S, 146 ° 13 ' E, 24 October 1977, [collector not given] (1 MVMA); Thomson River, Moe / Walhalla Rd., NMV Survey Dept. GRES T 21 no. 5, 37 ° 41 ' S, 146 ° 13 ' E, 1 December 1976, [collector not given] (2 MVMA); Thomson River, Thomson Valley Rd., NMV Survey, Dept. GRES T 1, no. 2 kick, 37 ° 41 ' S, 146 ° 13 ' E, 25 November 1976, unknown (1 MVMA); Thomson River, Thomson / Jordan Divide Rd., NMV Survey Dept. GRES T 21 no. 5, 37 ° 41 ' S, 146 ° 13 ' E, 2 December 1976, [collector not given] (1 MVMA); Toorongo River 1 km S of Toorongo Rd. S 12, LaTrobe C. Survey, 37 ° 47 ' S, 146 ° 4 ' E, 29 November 1978 (2 MVMA); Wellington / Carey Junction, NMV Survey Dept. GRES Mc 17 no. 1, 37 ° 20 ' S, 146 ° 50 ' E, 2 December 1976, [collector not given] (1 MVMA); Western Tyers River on Xmas Ck. Rd. S 52 LaTrobe C. Survey, 37 ° 54 ' S, 146 ° 16 ' E, 3 December 1978, [collector not given] (2 MVMA); Woori Yallock Creek on road to Warburton, 37 ° 44 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 4 November 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Yellow Creek, at crossing of Ovens Highway, Wangaratta, coarse sand and gravel at wet margins of gravel bar of red gum lined creek in pasture, elev. 145 m, 36 ° 21 ' S, 146 ° 20 ' E, 15 December 2001, N. Porch (88) (1 ANIC); Western Australia, Badgingarra, Hill River, 30 ° 23 ' S, 115 ° 3 ' E, 10 September 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF86FFF9FF37FD57FA9A3710.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland [labels: Queensland Blackb's Coll // luridipennis, Macl. // I 8298 Hydraena luridipennis Macl Queensland // Hydraena impercepta Zwick spec. nov. Holotypus male design. P. Zwick 1975 // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the SAMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF86FFF9FF37FD57FA9A3710.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of the large body size (ca. 2.00 mm), the absent, or nearly absent, plaques, and the unique shape of the male metatibiae (Fig. 88), which are widened on the inner surface near midlength. This species is similar in size and dorsal sculpture to H. simplipes and H. luridipennis, but differing therefrom in the shape of the male metatibiae; also differing from H. luridipennis in shape of the pronotum (Fig. 86). The aedeagi of the three species are quite distinct (Figs. 91, 93, 94).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF86FFF9FF37FD57FA9A3710.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 2.00 / 0.88; head 0.25 / 0.45; pronotum 0.49 / 0.64, PA 0.49, PB 0.59; elytra 1.29 / 0.88. Head and large pronotal macula dark brown, remainder of dorsum, legs and maxillary palpi brown. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices narrow walls near eyes, 1 – 3 xpd medially. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures on disc deep, ca. 3 xpd those of frons, interstices narrow walls to 1 xpd, some interstices uniting to form short longitudinal lines; PF 1 absent; PF 2 shallow; PF 3 and PF 4 moderately deep, shallowly joined. Elytral punctures about 0.5 xpd of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, width ca. 1 xpd, interstices between punctures of a row slightly less. Apices in dorsal aspect separately rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming angle with one another. Metaventral disc densely punctate beneath hydrofuge pubescence, without plaques, median impression deep, longitudinal, subtriangular, basally ca. 2 x P 2. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 3, sides parallel, apex rounded. Very low midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and median depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Abdominal apex with short setae; last tergite with depression on ventral face. Protibia with subapical angulation on inner surface. Mesotibia slender. Metatibia with rounded enlargement on inner surface near midlength, then tapering to apex; outer surface arcuate at base, then straight to apex. Aedeagus (Fig. 93) main-piece slightly wider in lateral than ventral view, with large, strong process on right side of apical part, medial margin with two points; left paramere large, with four groups of setae; right paramere narrow, with three groups of setae. Female last tergite with minute apicomedian incision, or no incision; setae stout, forming a row, tips blunt and angled ventrad.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF86FFF9FF37FD57FA9A3710.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Queensland and northern Northern Territory (Fig. 241). Also present in Papua New Guinea (Perkins, unpublished).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF86FFF9FF37FD57FA9A3710.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In females the elytral apices are slightly more sharply rounded, the posterior declivity is not as abrupt, and the metaventral depression is not as deep as in males. Some specimens have the metaventral plaques apparent as very small, non-punctate ovals at the base of the median depression.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF86FFF9FF37FD57FA9A3710.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (110): Northern Territory, 1 km N of Cahills Crossing, East Alligator River, 12 ° 25 ' S, 132 ° 58 ' E, 7 June 1973, Upton & Feehan (2 ANIC); 10 mi E of Daly River, at light, 13 ° 45 ' S, 130 ° 51 ' E, 28 June 1972, B. K. Head (15 SAMA); 16 km E by N of Mt. Cahill, 12 ° 51 ' S, 132 ° 42 ' E, 13 June 1973, Upton & Feehan (1 ANIC); 5 km NNW Cahills Crossing, East Alligator River, 12 ° 23 ' S, 132 ° 57 ' E, 28 May 1973, E. G. Matthews (1 ANIC); 5 km NW by N of Cahills Crossing, East Alligator River, 12 ° 35 ' S, 132 ° 56 ' E, 27 May 1973, E. G. Matthews (1 ANIC, 1 NMW); 7 km NW by N of Cahills Crossing, East Alligator River, 12 ° 23 ' S, 132 ° 56 ' E, 27 May 1973, E. G. Matthews (2 ANIC); Darwin, 12 ° 27 ' S, 130 ° 50 ' E, 13 May 1963, C. Watts (4 SAMA); Koongarra, 15 km E of Mt. Cahill, 12 ° 52 ' S, 132 ° 50 ' E, 12 June 1973, Upton & Feehan (1 ANIC); Queensland, 10 km S Tully, S Innisfail, elev. 30 m, 17 ° 32 ' S, 146 ° 2 ' E, 25 January 1993, Wewalka (26) (5 NMW); 15 km WNW Johnstone, light trap, 17 ° 36 ' S, 145 ° 55 ' E, 1 – 30 May 1987, Fay & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); 15 to 20 km S Innisfail, elev. 20 m, 17 ° 32 ' S, 146 ° 2 ' E, 24 January 1993, Wewalka (1 NMW); 18 km N Mareeba, intermittent stream, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 September 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); 20 km N Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 September 1990, D. & M. Larson (8 MCZ); 30 km NW Brisbane, South Pine River, elev. 120 m, 27 ° 21 ' S, 152 ° 47 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 2) (3 NMW); 4 km S Yungaburra, 17 ° 17 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 6 November 1990, D. Larson (2 MCZ); 5 km NW Mt. Molloy, 16 ° 36 ' S, 145 ° 16 ' E, 5 February 1997, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Barron River, Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 15 September 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Brisbane, 27 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 46 ' E, 1 – 30 January 1961, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Bushland Beach, 12 km N Townsville, 19 ° 12 ' S, 146 ° 41 ' E, 6 – 11 February 1998, A. J. Watts (8 SAMA); Caloundra, 26 ° 48 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 26 March 1963, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Greenvale, 150 km NW Charters Towers, elev. 500 m, 19 ° 0 ' S, 144 ° 58 ' E, 19 January 1993, Wewalka (1 NMW); L. Mitchell R., 40 km N Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 21 September 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Mia Mia State Forest, between Finch Hatton & Pinnacle, Cattle Creek, 21 ° 14 ' S, 148 ° 47 ' E, 16 March 1997, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Moggill, 27 ° 32 ' S, 152 ° 56 ' E, 4 March 1933, H. Hacker (2 QMBA); Nardello's Lagoon, 15 km S Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 December 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); SE Atherton, Swamp, 17 ° 16 ' S, 145 ° 28 ' E, 6 November 1990, D. Larson (5 MCZ); Townsville, elev. 10 m, 19 ° 15 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E, 17 January 1993, Wewalka (2 NMW); West Barron Balancing Reservoir, ca. 15 km W Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 30 June 1991, D. Larson (28 MCZ); Windsor Tableland, 38 km from main road, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 28 November 1985, Storey & Brown (1 QPIM); Yungaburra, Atherton Tableland, 17 ° 16 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 30 March 1932, P. J. Darlington (6 MCZ).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF85FFF8FF37F9CFFDC635F8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales [either in the vicinity of Sydney or the Blue Mountains] [labels: Umg. Sydney (via WDWilliams) // Holotype // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena simplipes Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF85FFF8FF37F9CFFDC635F8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of the large body size (ca. 2.15 mm), the very small plaques, and, in males, the simple metatibiae (Fig. 87). Size, dorsal sculpture, pronotal shape, and plaques most similar to H. impercepta (Fig. 88); males are distinguished therefrom by the non-modified metatibiae. The aedeagi of the two species are quite distinct (Figs. 93 – 96).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF85FFF8FF37F9CFFDC635F8.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 2.15 / 0.92; head 0.29 / 0.48; pronotum 0.51 / 0.70, PA 0.53, PB 0.62; elytra 1.36 / 0.92. Dorsum dark brown, head and pronotal disc piceous, legs and palpi brown, distal 1 / 2 of last palpomere darker (holotype is teneral, more lightly colored). Frons punctures ca. 1 – 2 xef; interstices narrow walls to 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally; punctation slightly smaller than frons. Mentum weakly shining, densely, finely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures on disc deep, ca. 3 xpd those of frons, interstices narrow walls forming reticulate pattern; PF 1 absent; PF 2 shallow; PF 3 and PF 4 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, weakly shining, width ca. 0.5 – 1 xpd; interstices between punctures of a row narrow walls to 0.5 xpd. Apices in dorsal aspect separately rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming weak angle with one another. Plaque indistinct (see notes). P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 4 / 1, sides parallel or slightly diverging toward blunt apex. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Profemur (male) with pointed tubercle on medial surface at about basal 1 / 3. Protibia straight, widest subapically. Metatibia simple. Abdominal apex asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 94, 96) main-piece much wider in lateral than ventral view, with large, strong process on right side of apical part, medial margin of process with rounded apex and point at about midlength; left paramere as large as distal piece, with setae in three groups; right paramere lobe-shaped apically, with two groups of setae. Females are not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF85FFF8FF37F9CFFDC635F8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from eastern New South Wales (Fig. 262).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF85FFF8FF37F9CFFDC635F8.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (6): New South Wales, 2 km N Batemans Bay, 35 ° 43 ' S, 150 ° 12 ' E, 18 April 1997, C. Watts (1 SAMA); 2 km S. Nowra, 34 ° 52 ' S, 150 ° 36 ' E, 27 November 1998, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Failford, 8 km N, 32 ° 0 ' S, 152 ° 27 ' E, 18 August 1997, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Sydney, 33 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 12 ' E, 1 – 30 August 1961, C. Watts (1 SAMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF84FF87FF37FAD7FDC937D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Tasmania, Hobart [labels: Hobart Tas: Lea // Griffith Collection Id. by A. M. Lea // 14622 Hydraena Tasmania. // Hydraena robusta Zwick male Holotypus // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the SAMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF84FF87FF37FAD7FDC937D8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Differentiated from other large species (ca. 2.25 mm), by the relatively large size of the pronotum, its wide shape and distinctly concave anterior margin, the narrow, elongate, and widely spaced plaques, and, in males, the form and setae of the metatibiae (Fig. 97). The metatibiae of males are weakly arcuate, weakly and gradually widened from base to apex, and the inner surface bears a brush of stiff setae over the distal 2 / 5. The aedeagus (Fig. 95) is quite distinct.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF84FF87FF37FAD7FDC937D8.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 2.06 / 0.89; head 0.28 / 0.48; pronotum 0.40 / 0.72, PA 0.56, PB 0.62; elytra 1.27 / 0.89. Dorsum dark brown, head slightly darker, margins of pronotum slightly lighter, legs and palpi light brown, distal 1 / 2 of last palpomere darker. Pronotum very transverse, anterior margin concave, side straight in front of and behind widest part. Frons punctures ca. 2 – 3 xef; interstices very narrow near eyes, 1 – 2 xpd medially. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures on disc deep, ca. 3 xpd those of frons, interstices 1 – 3 xpd on middle of disc, slightly denser anteriorly and posteriorly; PF 1 indicated by dense punctation; PF 2 and PF 4 shallow; PF 3 moderately deep. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals narrow, not raised, width about 0.5 – 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row; a few extra punctures near scutellum. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming angle with one another. Plaque / intercoxal process ratios (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 1 / 5 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 1, sides parallel or slightly converging toward blunt apex. Plaques parallel or slightly convergent anteriorly, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median elongate depression. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 3 x P 2. Protibia thickened on inner surface near distal 3 / 4. Mesotibia slender. Metatibia weakly arcuate, inner surface with brush of stiff setae over distal 4 / 10. Abdominal apex setose, with depression on ventral face of last tergite. Aedeagus (Fig. 95) main-piece with very large, arrow-shaped process apically; distal piece moderately complicated, with short gonopore bearing flagellum; left paramere shorter than right and inserted more distally on main-piece; right paramere very slender, setae in one group at weakly widened apex. Female last tergite without incisions; setae stout, forming a row, tips blunt and angled ventrad.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF84FF87FF37FAD7FDC937D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Victoria and Tasmania, and one disjunct locality in southern Queensland (Fig. 258).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF84FF87FF37FAD7FDC937D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Some specimens have the pronotal discal punctures denser than the holotype. Females generally have the metaventral depression narrower than that of males.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFF84FF87FF37FAD7FDC937D8.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (47): Queensland, Girraween N. P., Bald Rock Creek at " Under-ground Creek ", ex. sand / gravel streambank, 28 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 57 ' E, 22 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (5 MCZ); Tasmania, Derby, 41 ° 9 ' S, 147 ° 49 ' E, 1 January – 30 December 1960, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Mount, creek Barrow, inundation debris, 41 ° 22 ' S, 147 ° 21 ' E, 8 December 1982, Endrödy-Younga (AU 101) (7 TMSA); Nile River, 5 km NE of Deddington, cobble-bank of small river; remnant sclerophyll forest, pasture, elev. 275 m, 41 ° 34 ' S, 147 ° 28 ' E, 17 February 2000, N. Porch (72) (3 ANIC); St. Patric River, Targa, inundation debris, 41 ° 18 ' S, 147 ° 21 ' E, 8 December 1982, Endrödy-Younga (AU 104) (3 TMSA); Victoria, 10 km NE Mirranatwa, small creek bed / drying pool, stony, dead leaves, dry sclerophyll forest, 37 ° 36 ' S, 142 ° 13 ' E, 12 October 1997, C. Watts (10 SAMA); Base of Trentham Falls, 2.3 km N Trentham, amongst wet gravel at edge of waterfall splash pool and outlet. Dry sclerophyll forest [creek], elev. 640 m, 37 ° 22 ' S, 144 ° 19 ' E, 31 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 23) (1 ANIC); Fryer’s Creek near mouth into Lake Eildon, 37 ° 11 ' S, 145 ° 53 ' E, 3 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Jamieson River at Jamieson, 38 ° 35 ' S, 143 ° 53 ' E, 2 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Kangaroo Creek on Springhill Rd., 5.8 km E Glenlyon, amongst weeds in shallow water at edge of creek (perennial) pools, dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 510 m, 37 ° 18 ' S, 144 ° 18 ' E, 31 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 24 a) (1 ANIC); Mt. Buffalo N. P., The Cathedral, Leviathan, elev. 1550 m, 36 ° 44 ' S, 146 ° 46 ' E, 14 February 1998, L. Hendrich (11 NMW); Woori Yallock Creek east of Melbourne, on road to Warburton, 37 ° 44 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 10 November 1972, P. Zwick (1 NMW, 2 PZC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFBFF86FF37F887FCC23470.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, 14 km W Delagate, 37 ° 2 ' S, 148 ° 44 ' E, 4 November 1997, C. Watts. Deposited in the SAMA. Paratypes (4): New South Wales, Same data as holotype (3 SAMA); South Australia, Mannum, 34 ° 55 ' S, 139 ° 18 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1959, C. Watts (1 SAMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFBFF86FF37F887FCC23470.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. The largest known Australian Hydraena (size ca. 2.65 mm), differentiated from other large, coarsely punctate species by the larger size, the body proportions, with proportionally large elytra, and the large plaques (Fig. 98). Slightly similar in habitus to H. luridipennis (Fig. 86), but differing therefrom by the straight, non-concave, anterior lateral margins of the pronotum, the longer elytra, and the large plaques, among other characters. The aedeagus of H. appetita is quite distinct (Fig. 101).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFBFF86FF37F887FCC23470.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 2.63 / 1.07; head 0.33 / 0.53; pronotum 0.60 / 0.83, PA 0.60, PB 0.73; elytra 1.75 / 1.07. Dorsum brown, except head and pronotal disc dark brown or piceous, legs and palpi brown, distal 1 / 3 of last palpomere darker. Frons weakly microreticulate, punctures ca. 2 xef; interstices ca. 0.5 to 1 xpd. Clypeus punctate similar to frons, microreticulate laterally. Mentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures deep, ca. 3 – 4 xpd those of frons, interstices varying from narrow walls in anterior and posterior 1 / 3, to ca. 1 xpd on disc; PF 1 absent; PF 2 moderately deep, separated by about width of a fovea; PF 3 and PF 4 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures about equal in size to largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1.5 xpd. Interstices between serial punctures 1 xpd or smaller. Punctures near base larger and series irregular. Apices (male) in dorsal aspect narrowly, separately rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming marked angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 3 / 8 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 7 / 3, sides parallel or slightly diverging toward blunt apex. Plaques large, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of median depression, plaques wider posteriorly than anteriorly, separation about equal to plaque width. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2.5 x P 2. Protibia (male) widened subapically; mesotibia simple; metatibia slender, straight, without setal brushes. Abdominal apex asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 101) main-piece tubular, angled near base, with large, finger-like process on right side of apical part; right paramere wide, with setae in three groups; right paramere long and slender, much longer than left paramere, distal part only slightly widened, with setae in two groups. Females are not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFBFF86FF37F887FCC23470.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the large abdomen.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFBFF86FF37F887FCC23470.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from two widely separated localities, one each in southeastern South Australia and southeastern New South Wales (Fig. 239).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF9FF85FF37FF07FD1B362E.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Main Range National Park, Cunningham's Gap, Gap Creek, elev. 700 m, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, 28 ° 3 ' S, 152 ° 24 ' E, 21 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratype: Same data as holotype (1 female QMBA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF9FF85FF37FF07FD1B362E.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. hynesi in body size, coloration, and the confluent pronotal foveae PF 2, forming a U-shaped impression (Figs. 57, 99); differing therefrom by coarser pronotal punctures (compared to those of the frons), and the wider plaques. The aedeagi of the two species distinctively differ (Figs. 54, 56, 102).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF9FF85FF37FF07FD1B362E.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.42 / 0.63; head 0.23 / 0.35; pronotum 0.33 / 0.46, PA 0.38, PB 0.38; elytra 0.85 / 0.63. Dorsum bicolored, clypeus and pronotum testaceous, frons and elytra brown except diffuse lighter area on elytral disc, legs and maxillary palpi testaceous (but see notes). Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum cordiform, anterior margin emarginate; punctures on disc ca. 2 – 3 xpd than those of frons, interstices shining, 2 – 4 xpd, punctures larger and denser anteriorly and posteriorly, interstices sometimes narrow walls forming reticulate pattern; PF 1 united to form shallow transverse impression across anterior 1 / 3 of pronotal disc; PF 2 well impressed, oval, oblique, shallowly united in middle, conjointly forming U-shaped impression; PF 3 moderately shallow, broad; PF 4 very shallow. Elytra very convex, especially over posterior declivity; on basal 1 / 3 punctures large, ca. 1 – 1.5 xpd largest pronotal punctures, punctures becoming much smaller over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width over basal 1 / 3 1 xpd or less, interstices between punctures of a row slightly larger. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly, moderately sharply rounded, in posterior aspect margins do not form angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 1 / 5 / 4. P 1 narrow, not laminate, median carina straight, or nearly so, in lateral view. P 2 as wide as area separating anterior extreme of plaques, short, l / w ca. 3 / 2, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques narrow, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median, triangular depression, plaques weakly convergent anteriorly, separation anteriorly 1 x P 2, separation posteriorly almost 2 x P 2. Low, very short midlongitudinal ridge between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. AIS large, flat, width at straight posterior margin 2 x P 2. Protibia slender, weakly arcuate, inner surface with tiny narrow triangular process near distal 1 / 3. Meso- and metatibia slender, straight or very nearly so. Last sternite symmetrical; last tergite with deep apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 102) small and simple; main-piece with process on right side at distal extreme; distal piece with two short processes on left side, and longer, median, gonopore-bearing process; left paramere medially displaced, arcuate, with row of about six setae on ventral margin; right paramere inserting at about same level as, and much shorter than, left paramere, with sparse setae apically. Female last tergite with three incisions, widely spaced, apicomedian incision smaller, two lobes formed by incisions not markedly arcuate.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF9FF85FF37FF07FD1B362E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF9FF85FF37FF07FD1B362E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from Cunningham's Gap in the Main Range National Park (Fig. 261).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF9FF85FF37FF07FD1B362E.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Plaque shape is similar in the sexes.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF8FF84FF37FF07FE4D3766.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Mt. Hypipamee National Park, 14 km SW Malanda, elev. 960 m, rainforest, streamside litter, 17 ° 25 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 24 July 1982, S. & J. Peck. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF8FF84FF37FF07FE4D3766.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. biimpressa in body size, the large, deep pronotal foveae PF 2, and dorsal punctation (Figs. 60, 100); differing therefrom in the testaceous and slightly more transverse pronotum, the larger elytra, and the raised, distinct plaques. The aedeagi of the two species distinctively differ (Figs. 62, 103).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF8FF84FF37FF07FE4D3766.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.37 / 0.64; head 0.25 / 0.35; pronotum 0.31 / 0.45, PA 0.36, PB 0.36; elytra 0.87 / 0.64. Dorsum bicolored, labrum, clypeus and pronotum testaceous, frons and elytra dark brown; legs brown; maxillary palpi testaceous, tip not darker. Frons punctures slightly less than 1 xef; interstices shining, 2 – 4 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum cordiform, anterior margin emarginate; punctures on discal relief very fine and sparse, interstices strongly shining, ca. 3 – 6 xpd, punctures much larger and denser anteriorly and posteriorly, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 united to form shallow transverse impression across anteromedian 1 / 3 of pronotal disc; PF 2 deep, large, oval, oblique, each larger than area separating them; PF 3 and PF 4 moderately deep. Elytra very convex, especially over posterior declivity; on basal 1 / 3 punctures large ca. 1 xpd largest pronotal punctures, punctures becoming much smaller over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width over basal 1 / 3 1 xpd or less, interstices between punctures of a row larger, ca. 2 – 3 xpd. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly, moderately sharply rounded, in posterior aspect margins do not form angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 4 / 1 / 4 / 5. P 1 narrow, not laminate, median carina very weakly angulate in profile. P 2 wide, short, l / w ca. 5 / 4, sides weakly converging, apex blunt. Median depression triangular, continuing from base to P 2, at anterior extreme delimited by raised ridge. Plaques narrow, raised, converging anteriorly, on side of posterior part of triangular median depression. AIS large, flat, width at straight posterior margin slightly greater than P 2. Protibia slender, very weakly arcuate, inner surface with spine-like seta near distal 1 / 3. Meso- and metatibia slender, straight or very nearly so. Last sternite symmetrical; last tergite with deep apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 103) small and simple; main-piece with comparatively large process on right side at distal extreme; distal piece with two short processes on left side, and longer, median, gonopore-bearing process; left paramere moderately wide, with row of about eight setae on ventral margin; right paramere inserting at about same level as, and much shorter than, left paramere, with sparse setae apically. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF8FF84FF37FF07FE4D3766.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF8FF84FF37FF07FE4D3766.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in Mt. Hypipamee National Park, northeastern Queensland (Fig. 260).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFFFF81FF37FD7FFEE83558.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Rudall's Creek [labels: Rudall's Cr. // Cent Ausl. coll. Horn Exp. Pres 7 - 94 // Type // [red rectangle] // HYDRAENA rudallensis Blackb. // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // HOLOTYPE T- 13134 Hydraena rudallensis Blackburn, 1896]. Deposited in the MVMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFFFF81FF37FD7FFEE83558.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in size, color and dorsal punctation to H. blackburni (Figs. 104 – 107); differing therefrom by the proportionally larger pronotum, and the dissimilar plaque ratios (1 / 1 / 2.2 / 1 vs. 2 / 1 / 5 / 2). The aedeagi of the two species markedly differ (Figs. 108 – 111, 113).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFFFF81FF37FD7FFEE83558.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.40 / 0.58; head 0.23 / 0.33; pronotum 0.35 / 0.45; elytra 0.79 / 0.58. Dorsum brown, head and disc of pronotum piceous, legs and palpi testaceous. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 – 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 2 – 4 xpd, punctures denser at anterior; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 shallow. Elytral punctures very faint, about 0.3 xpd of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually rounded, subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Plaque / intercoxal process ratios (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 1 / 2.2 / 1 /. P 1 laminate; median carina posterior extreme slightly more elevated than remainder. P 2 l / w ca. 1 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median elongate subtriangular depression, plaques anteriorly very narrowly separated. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia with small swelling on inner surface at distal 3 / 4. Metatibia simple. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with small apicomedian tooth. Aedeagus (Fig. 108 – 110) main-piece with three strongly sclerotized processes, one on ventral surface near midlength, and two on right side, both (in ventral view) arcuate, sharply pointed, and of similar shape; distal piece with several irregularly shaped lobes (which vary in shape among populations), in ventral view lobes oriented toward left side, basal lobe on dorsal surface covered by arcuate setae, gonopore-bearing flagellum short, pointing toward left side; both parameres inserting near base, of about equal length; left paramere slightly widened apically and with numerous long setae, some with widened, flat tips; right paramere markedly arcuate, with cluster of unusual, distally widened and flattened setae near midlength. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite and spermatheca as illustrated (Figs. 215, 230).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFFFF81FF37FD7FFEE83558.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the eastern one-half of Australia, with populations in the ' center' and a few records in western Western Australia (Fig. 242).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFFFF81FF37FD7FFEE83558.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The aedeagus shows variation in the shapes of the lobes of the distal piece and the degree of flattening of the tips of the setae. I have illustrated the holotype aedeagus and a variant from Queensland, Girraween National Park (Figs. 108 – 110).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFFFF81FF37FD7FFEE83558.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (217): New South Wales, Armidale, 30 ° 30 ' S, 151 ° 39 ' E, 21 March 1963, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Beaury Creek, adjacent Woodenbong State Forest, ca. 8 km SW Woodenbong, ca. 120 km SW Brisbane, Residual pools and small rock pools in river bed (Beaury Creek), in cultivated cattle country, 28 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 32 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 14) (7 NMW); Forbes, 33 ° 22 ' S, 148 ° 0 ' E, 15 March 1963, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Gilgandra, 31 ° 42 ' S, 148 ° 40 ' E, 19 November 1992, C. Watts (3 SAMA); Nepean River, Goates, Chain of Ponds [no date], 34 ° 16 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E ,, Common (2 SAMA); Nyngan, 31 ° 33 ' S, 147 ° 12 ' E, 16 March 1963, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Parramatta, 33 ° 48 ' S, 151 ° 0 ' E, 26 March 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 217) (1 BMNH); Prospect / St. Mary's Road, 33 ° 47 ' S, 150 ° 55 ' E, 24 March 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 212) (2 BMNH); Shaw Creek, Springwood / Richmond Rd., elev. 8 m, 33 ° 38 ' S, 150 ° 38 ' E, 24 March 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 214) (11 BMNH); Windsor [no date], 33 ° 36 ' S, 150 ° 48 ' E ,, Lea (1 SAMA); Northern Territory, Ellery Creek, Big Hole, 23 ° 50 ' S, 132 ° 58 ' E, 16 March 1998, C. H. S. Watts (44 SAMA); Ellery Gorge, 85 km. W of Alice Springs, 23 ° 46 ' S, 133 ° 4 ' E, 5 November 1979, T. Weir (11 ANIC); Finke Gorge N. P., gorge west of Finke River, permanent & temporary rock pools, algal growth, detritus, 24 ° 8 ' S, 132 ° 51 ' E, 15 March 1995, T. Weir (10 ANIC); Finke Gorge N. P., Kanara Ck. at The Oasis, permanent rock pools, palms, grass at edges, algal growth, 24 ° 4 ' S, 132 ° 44 ' E, 12 March 1995, T. Weir (2 ANIC); Finke Gorge N. P., Little Palm Creek, rock pools, palms, algal growth, overhanging vegetation, 24 ° 6 ' S, 132 ° 46 ' E, 13 March 1995, T. Weir (2 ANIC); Finke Gorge N. P., Palm Valley, small temporary pools, rocky, some sandy base, algal growth, detritus, 24 ° 3 ' S, 132 ° 43 ' E, 14 March 1995, T. Weir (5 ANIC); Hugh River, 12.5 km SSE of Paisley Bluff, flowing river, deep pool, grass at edges, sandy bottom, 23 ° 49 ' S, 133 ° 22 ' E, 7 March 1995, T. Weir (2 ANIC); Illamurta Springs Conservation Reserve, small rock pool, sandy bottom (temporary), 24 ° 19 ' S, 132 ° 41 ' E, 16 March 1995, T. Weir (4 ANIC); Ormiston Gorge, 23 ° 37 ' S, 132 ° 43 ' E, 16 March 1998, C. Watts (4 SAMA); Palm Valley, 24 ° 4 ' S, 132 ° 45 ' E, 1 – 30 April 1968, C. Watts (5 SAMA); Serpentine Gorge, West Macdonnells N. P., permanent rocky pools, sandy bottom, overhanging and floating vegetation, 23 ° 44 ' S, 132 ° 59 ' E, 8 March 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); Standley Chasm, 23 ° 43 ' S, 133 ° 27 ' E, 25 July 1969, D. D. Giuliani (2 WAMP); Vaughan Sp., 22 ° 18 ' S, 130 ° 51 ' E, 1 – 30 April 1968, C. Watts (3 SAMA); Queensland, 40 km S Beaudesert, Running Creek, along road between Mt. Chinghee N. P. and Border Ranges N. P., at 7 th Bridge, stream, ca. 5 – 8 m wide, including rockpools, flowing through open forest (Casuarina, Eucalyptus), 28 ° 19 ' S, 152 ° 55 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 13) (5 NMW); 60 km S Brisbane, 10 km NNW Canungra, 27 ° 57 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 11) (4 NMW); Albert River, S of Wolfdene, 30 km SE Brisbane, River (Albert River), ca. 20 m wide, slightly polluted, flowing through cultivated land, elev. 30 m, 27 ° 46 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 3) (6 NMW); Burdekin R., E of Charters Towers, 20 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 26 ' E, 4 May 1998, C. Watts (6 SAMA); Burnett River, Mt. Perry Rd., 25 ° 23 ' S, 151 ° 46 ' E, 15 August 2004, A. Glaister (1 NMW); Carnarvon Ck. 17 km E Park Office, 25 ° 1 ' S, 148 ° 18 ' E, 14 August 2004, A. Glaister (8 NMW); Ch [arters] Towers, 20 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 14 ' E, 3 February 1936, A. A. Ross (1 UQIC); Connor’s River, 91.5 miles S Mackay, 22 ° 39 ' S, 149 ° 4 ' E, 3 September 1972, H. E. Hinton (4 BMNH); Edungalba, flight intercept trap, 23 ° 43 ' S, 149 ° 50 ' E, 1 January 1987, H. & A. Howden (1 ANIC); Gatton, 27 ° 32 ' S, 152 ° 3 ' E, 9 October 1932, [collector not given] (1 QDPC); same locality, 27 ° 32 ' S, 152 ° 3 ' E, 9 November 1932, [collector not given] (6 QMBA); Girraween N. P., Bald Rock Creek at " Under-ground Creek ", ex. sand / gravel streambank, 28 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 57 ' E, 22 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (3 MCZ); Gladstone [no date], 23 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 16 ' E ,, Lea (1 SAMA); Goondiwindi, 14 km NE, in debris at edge of pond, 28 ° 29 ' S, 150 ° 23 ' E, 25 October 1991, T. Gush (5 ANIC); Greenvale 70 km SW, at light, 19 ° 23 ' S, 144 ° 37 ' E, 1 – 10 March 1996, A. J. Watts (1 SAMA); Lamington N. P., Moran’s Creek, 80 km S Brisbane, elev. 760 – 820 m, 28 ° 14 ' S, 153 ° 8 ' E, 24 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 9) (4 NMW); Magnetic Island [no date], 19 ° 8 ' S, 146 ° 50 ' E ,, A. M. Lea (1 SAMA); South of Charleville, 26 ° 24 ' S, 146 ° 20 ' E, 9 May 1973, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); Taroom Dist. Boggom. 2, 159, 25 ° 26 ' S, 150 ° 1 ' E, 8 June 1996, R. Kristensen (3 QMBA); Young’s Crossing, Petrie, 27 ° 16 ' S, 152 ° 57 ' E, 2 October 1959, I. C. Yeo (1 UQIC); South Australia, Alligator Gorge, 32 ° 44 ' S, 138 ° 4 ' E, 1 – 30 June 1959, C. Watts (4 SAMA); Buckaringa Gorge, Flinders Ra. c. 30 km NNW of Quorn, light trap, 32 ° 6 ' S, 138 ° 2 ' E, 19 December 1985, Reid, Gullan & Lewis (1 ANIC); Cooper Creek, Innaminka, 27 ° 44 ' S, 140 ° 44 ' E, 21 July 1994, Aust. water quality centre 3782 (2 SAMA); Mambray Creek, Mt. Remarkable Nat. Pk., 32 ° 51 ' S, 137 ° 57 ' E, 7 May 1981, J. A. Forrest (4 SAMA); Wockerawirra Ck., Nth. Flinders, 31 ° 11 ' S, 138 ° 38 ' E, 26 July 1976, P. Suter, B. Mitchell, R. Marchant (1 SAMA); Victoria, Kororoit Creek, at Sydenham / Melton Road, organic mud and litter at edge of pool in dry creek in pasture and degraded riverine forest, elev. 110 m, 37 ° 41 ' S, 144 ° 38 ' E, 17 February 2002, N. Porch (91) (7 ANIC); Nathalia, 36 ° 3 ' S, 145 ° 12 ' E, 18 January 1961, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Yellow Creek, at crossing of Ovens Highway, Wangaratta, coarse sand and gravel at wet margins of gravel bar of red gum lined creek in pasture, elev. 145 m, 36 ° 21 ' S, 146 ° 20 ' E, 15 December 2001, N. Porch (88) (1 ANIC); Western Australia, 7 miles NE of Giles, 24 ° 57 ' S, 128 ° 22 ' E, 9 July 1969, D. D. Giuliani (5 WAMP); Billy Well Creek, 20 km NE Mt. Sandiman H. S., at light at night, 24 ° 18 ' S, 115 ° 31 ' E, 11 – 13 May 1981, H. Hanich & T. F. Houston (1 WAMP); Woodstock Station, at UV florescent light at night 6: 00 to 7: 30 PM, 21 ° 37 ' S, 119 ° 1 ' E, 24 September 1988, B. P. Hanich (site WS 9) (2 WAMP).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFDFF8FFF37FB37FD7230D8.taxon	description	Hydraena evanescens Blackburn, 1898: 229 (primary homonym of Hydraena evanescens Rey, 1884).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFDFF8FFF37FB37FD7230D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (female): Queensland [labels: " Type // 6374 Qu. T. // Blackburn Coll. 1910 - 236. / / Hydraena evanescens, Blackb. // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2006 P. D. Perkins "]. Deposited in the BMNH.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFDFF8FFF37FB37FD7230D8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in size, color and dorsal punctation to H. rudallensis; differing therefrom by the proportionally longer elytra, and the dissimilar plaque ratios (2 / 1 / 5 / 2 vs. 1 / 1 / 2.2 / 1) (Figs. 104 – 107). The aedeagi of the two species markedly differ (Figs. 108 – 111, 113).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFDFF8FFF37FB37FD7230D8.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.36 / 0.58; head 0.20 / 0.35; pronotum 0.33 / 0.45, PA 0.38, PB 0.43; elytra 0.84 / 0.58. Dorsum brown, head and disc of pronotum piceous, legs and palpi light brown to testaceous. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices effacedly microreticulate, weakly shining, 0.5 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd of largest frons punctures, interstices weakly shining, 2 – 4 xpd; punctures denser and slightly deeper anteriorly and posteriorly, interstices effacedly microreticulate; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 shallow. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, weakly shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Each elytron with sublateral depression bordered laterally by rounded ridge. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Plaque / intercoxal process ratios (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 5 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina posterior extreme slightly more elevated than remainder. P 2 l / w ca. 7 / 4, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median elongate subtriangular depression; plaques widest posteriorly, narrowly separated anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin slightly less than 2 x P 2. Legs simple in both sexes. Last sternite of male symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with distinctive apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 111, 113) main-piece with distal process on right side, apex rounded; distal piece comparatively simplified, gonopore-bearing flagellum terminal, moderately long; left paramere very narrow, inserting near base, setae sparse, long, apical; right paramere distinctively angulate near midlength (appearing folded in lateral view), with about three long setae just before angulation. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 216).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFDFF8FFF37FB37FD7230D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in eastern Queensland and northern Northern Territory (Fig. 243).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFFDFF8FFF37FB37FD7230D8.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (159): Northern Territory, 9 km N by E of Mudginbarry, 12 ° 31 ' S, 132 ° 54 ' E, 10 June 1973, Upton & Feehan (1 ANIC); Adelaide River, at Daly River road crossing, 13 ° 29 ' S, 131 ° 6 ' E, 9 November 1972, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Cockatoo Lagoon, Keep River Nat. Pk., deep billabong with water lillies and fringing grass, 15 ° 59 ' S, 129 ° 2 ' E, 23 July 1994, T. Weir & A. Roach (1 ANIC); Cooper Creek, 19 km E by S of Mt. Borradaile, 12 ° 6 ' S, 133 ° 4 ' E, 5 June 1973, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); Jim Jim Creek, 19 km WSW of Mt. Cahill, 12 ° 58 ' S, 132 ° 35 ' E, 17 July 1973, Upton & Feehan (1 ANIC); Katherine Gorge National Park, 14 ° 19 ' S, 132 ° 34 ' E, 11 – 12 April 1960, G. H. Hevel & J. A. Fortin (1 USNM); Nabarlek Dam, 15 km S by W of Nimbuwah Rock, at light, 12 ° 12 ' S, 133 ° 21 ' E, 2 June 1973, E. G. Matthews (1 ANIC); Noorlangie Creek, 8 km N of Mt. Cahill, at light, 12 ° 52 ' S, 132 ° 47 ' E, 26 October 1972, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Stuart Highway, Livingstone Field, 52 km S of Darwin, 12 ° 44 ' S, 132 ° 5 ' E, 9 November 1972, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); U. D. P. Falls, in billabong, 18 – 19 July 1980, M. B. Malipatil (1 MAGD); Queensland, 1 km W Mingela, 19 ° 54 ' S, 146 ° 42 ' E, 4 May 1998, C. Watts (1 SAMA); 12 km WSW of Paluma, MDPI F. I. T. Site 33, flight intercept trap, 19 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 4 ' E, 16 December 1988 – 13 January 1989, Storey & Dickinson (1 QPIM); 15 km NE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 25, flight intercept trap, elev. 400 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 20 December 1985 – 7 January 1986, Storey & Titmarsh (3 QPIM); 15 km WNW of South Johnstone, light trap, 17 ° 35 ' S, 145 ° 59 ' E, 3 January 1986, Fay & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); same locality, 17 ° 35 ' S, 145 ° 59 ' E, 19 November 1986, Fay & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); 18 km N Mareeba, intermittent stream, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 September 1990, D. Larson (12 MCZ); 19 km NE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 26, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 54 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 20 December 1984 – 7 January 1985, Storey & Titmarsh (1 QPIM); 20 km N Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 September 1990, D. & M. Larson (10 MCZ); 40 Mile Scrub N. P. via Mt. Garnet, MDPI intercept trap site No. 13, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 40 ' S, 145 ° 7 ' E, 25 February – 4 April 1986, Storey & Heiner (1 QPIM); 5 km NNW of Kuranda, MDPI intercept trap, site No. 24, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 46 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 15 January – 20 February 1985, Storey & Halfpapp (4 QPIM); 6 km W Dimbulah, 17 ° 8 ' S, 145 ° 6 ' E, 10 November 1990, D. Larson (6 MCZ); Biboohra Storage, 5 km NW Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 30 October 1990, D. Larson (20 MCZ); Biloela, 24 ° 24 ' S, 150 ° 30 ' E, 7 September 1972, H. E. Hinton (6 BMNH); Burdekin R., 19 ° 41 ' S, 147 ° 36 ' E, 1 November 1995, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Burnett River, Mt. Perry Rd., 25 ° 23 ' S, 151 ° 46 ' E, 15 August 2004, A. Glaister (2 NMW); Cape River, 100 km S Charters Towers, 21 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 25 ' E, 12 December 2002, C. H. S. Watts (3 SAMA); Connor’s River, 91.5 miles S Mackay, 22 ° 39 ' S, 149 ° 4 ' E, 3 September 1972, H. E. Hinton (5 BMNH); Gatton, 27 ° 32 ' S, 152 ° 3 ' E, 9 November 1932, [collector not given] (5 QDPC); Girraween N. P., Bald Rock Creek at " Under-ground Creek ", ex. sand / gravel streambank, 28 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 57 ' E, 22 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (2 MCZ); Gladstone [no date], 23 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 16 ' E ,, Lea (2 SAMA); Greenvale, 150 km NW Charters Towers, elev. 500 m, 19 ° 0 ' S, 144 ° 58 ' E, 19 January 1993, Wewalka (1 NMW, 5 NMW); Hunter's Creek, 5 km NE Mt. Mullay, 18 ° 7 ' S, 145 ° 8 ' E, 15 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); L. Mitchell R., 40 km N Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 21 September 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Leichhardt Creek, 8 km N Bluewater, 19 ° 10 ' S, 146 ° 32 ' E, 18 December 2002, A. J. & C. H. S. Watts (33 SAMA); Oxley Creek, 27 ° 32 ' S, 153 ° 0 ' E, 28 March 1932, H. Hacker (2 QMBA); Pentland, 20 ° 31 ' S, 145 ° 24 ' E, 18 July 1975, J. C. Lesouif (1 ANIC); Pioneer R. nr. Mirani, 21 ° 9 ' S, 149 ° 13 ' E, 4 September 1972, H. E. Hinton (9 BMNH); Townsville, light trap, 19 ° 15 ' S, 146 ° 48 ' E, 31 May – 16 June 1968, P. Ferrar (4 ANIC); Young’s Crossing, Petrie, 27 ° 16 ' S, 152 ° 57 ' E, 2 October 1959, I. C. Yeo (1 UQIC, 4 UQIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF3FF8DFF37FD85FF183350.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Howard Springs, 24 km S of Darwin [ca. 12 ° 28 ' S, 131 ° 3 ' E] [labels: 12.28 S 131.03 E Howard Springs, N. T. 24 km S of Darwin 10. xi. 72, rainforest, at light, E. Britton // [pink label] // HOLOTYPE // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena australica Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF3FF8DFF37FD85FF183350.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in dorsal habitus to H. parciplumea; differing therefrom by the larger size (ca. 1.45 vs. 1.31 mm), the less distinctively maculate pronotum, the slightly less distinctive dorsal setae, and the wider, non-carinate plaques (Figs. 115, 117). The aedeagi of the two species distinctively differ (Figs. 114, 119, 120).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF3FF8DFF37FD85FF183350.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.45 / 0.62; head 0.25 / 0.35; pronotum 0.36 / 0.47, PA 0.39, PB 0.47; elytra 0.86 / 0.62. Dorsum brown, except head and disc of pronotum piceous, legs and palpi testaceous, distal 1 / 2 of last palpomere darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd, punctures sparser on disc than anteriorly and posteriorly; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures on disc about 1 xpd of largest pronotal punctures, becoming smaller and shallower posteriorly. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 – 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually, conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 3 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 5 / 4, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques narrow, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of moderately deep median elongate subtriangular depression, plaques slightly more narrowly separated anteriorly than posteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 1.5 x P 2. Legs simple. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite notched apicomedially. Aedeagus (Figs. 119, 120) main-piece with narrow, bisinuate, pointed process on right side; distal piece simple in ventral view, multi-lobed in lateral view, gonopore-bearing flagellum terminal, short; parameres inserting at about same level on main-piece; left paramere very slender, longer than right; right paramere with about four long setae on ventral margin near midlength. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 217).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF3FF8DFF37FD85FF183350.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed across northern Australia (Fig. 239).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF3FF8DFF37FD85FF183350.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (278): Northern Territory, 30 km WSW of Mt. Cahill, 12 ° 51 ' S, 132 ° 42 ' E, 19 May 1973, E. G. Matthews (1 ANIC); Caranbirini Waterhole, 3 km SW of Borroloola, at light, 16 ° 16 ' S, 136 ° 5 ' E, 14 April 1976, J. E. Feehan (3 ANIC, 9 MAGD); Cooper Creek, 19 km E. by S of Mt. Borradaile, in sand at edge of stagnant pool, 12 ° 6 ' S, 133 ° 4 ' E, 31 May 1973, E. G. Mathews (1 ANIC); Darwin, 12 ° 27 ' S, 130 ° 50 ' E, 13 May 1963, C. Watts (11 SAMA); Kakadu N. P., Gungurul Lookout, creek, elev. 50 m, 13 ° 59 ' S, 132 ° 19 ' E, 1 November 1996, L. Hendrich (76 NMW); Kakadu N. P., Upper South Alligator, light trap, 12 ° 16 ' S, 132 ° 40 ' E, 5 May 1988, P. S. Cranston (1 ANIC); Keep River Gorge, Keep River Nat. Pk., deep billabong with rocks and floating leaves, etc., 15 ° 50 ' S, 129 ° 7 ' E, 22 July 1994, T. Weir & A. Roach (1 ANIC); Koongarra, 15 km E of Mt. Cahill, 12 ° 52 ' S, 132 ° 50 ' E, 24 May 1973, E. G. Matthews (1 ANIC); McArthur River, 14 km S by W of Cape Crawford, 16 ° 47 ' S, 135 ° 45 ' E, 25 October 1975, M. S. Upton (3 ANIC); McArthur River, 14 km SW of Cape Crawford, 16 ° 47 ' S, 135 ° 45 ' E, 11 April 1975, J. E. Feehan (1 ANIC); McArthur River, 48 km SW by S of Borroloola, at light, 15 ° 48 ' S, 136 ° 40 ' E, 13 May 1973, J. E. Feehan (2 ANIC); McArthur River, 80 km SW of Borroloola, 16 ° 39 ' S, 135 ° 51 ' E, 13 May 1973, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); Pine Creek, 13 ° 49 ' S, 131 ° 45 ' E, 5 May 1963, C. Watts (3 SAMA); South Alligator River crossing Old Jim Jim rd., 13 ° 0 ' S, 132 ° 20 ' E, 10 October 1998, C. Watts (26 SAMA); Surprise Creek, 45 km SW by S of Borroloola, at light, 16 ° 25 ' S, 136 ° 5 ' E, 14 April 1976, J. E. Feehan (2 ANIC); Queensland, 1 km W of Annan Falls, 15 ° 31 ' S, 145 ° 14 ' E, 26 May 1976, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); 11 km WSW of Petford, at light, 17 ° 26 ' S, 144 ° 54 ' E, 3 – 4 April 1988, R. I. Storey (2 QPIM); 16 km SSE of Musselbrook Mining Camp, at light, 18 ° 44 ' S, 138 ° 12 ' E, 18 May 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); 19 km NE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 26, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 54 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 20 December 1984 – 7 January 1985, Storey & Titmarsh (1 QPIM); 24 mi. SE Einasleigh, elev. 500 m, 18 ° 32 ' S, 143 ° 51 ' E, 4 November 1962, E. S. Ross & D. Q. Cavagnaro (2 CAS); 3 km W of Batavia Downs, flight intercept trap, 12 ° 40 ' S, 142 ° 39 ' E, 22 June – 23 August 1992, P. Zborowski & J. Cardale (1 ANIC); 40 Mile Scrub N. P. via Mt. Garnet, MDPI intercept trap site No. 13, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 40 ' S, 145 ° 7 ' E, 28 November – 21 December 1985, Storey & Heiner (1 QPIM); 40 Mile Scrub N. P. via Mt. Garnet, MDPI intercept trap site No. 13, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 40 ' S, 145 ° 7 ' E, 21 December 1985 – 10 January 1986, Storey & Heiner (2 QPIM); 5.6 km NE Kuranda, Black Mountain Rd., at light, 16 ° 49 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 6 February 1989, H. & A. Howden (6 CMNO); 5.6 km NE Kuranda, Black Mountain Rd., ex fungi, 16 ° 49 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 6 February 1989, A. Howden (1 CMNO); 6 km W Dimbulah, 17 ° 8 ' S, 145 ° 6 ' E, 10 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); 7 km S of Batavia Downs, flight intercept trap, 12 ° 43 ' S, 142 ° 42 ' E, 19 June – 22 July 1992, P. Zborowski & E. S. Nielsen (1 ANIC); Batavia Downs Hs., sweeping water, still pool, 12 ° 40 ' S, 142 ° 40 ' E, 11 December 1992, W. Dressler & P. Zborowski (6 ANIC); Boggy Ck., 75 km Cooktown, Cooktown Rd., 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 26 April 1976, E. B. Britton (2 ANIC); Coen, C. York, 13 ° 48 ' S, 143 ° 12 ' E, 1 – 30 May 1932, P. J. Darlington (4 MCZ); Cooktown, Airport Rd., roadside swamp, 15 ° 28 ' S, 145 ° 11 ' E, 24 May 1976, E. B. Britton (9 ANIC); Emu Creek, 1 km E Petford, 17 ° 19 ' S, 144 ° 58 ' E, 28 March 1996, C. Watts (19 SAMA); Granite Gorge, 9.5 km SW of Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 30, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 2 ' S, 145 ° 20 ' E, 17 February – 22 March 1988, Storey & De Faveri (1 QPIM); Greenvale 70 km SW, at light, 19 ° 23 ' S, 144 ° 37 ' E, 1 – 10 March 1996, A. J. Watts (1 SAMA); Hann R., 73 km NW by W of Laura, 14 ° 44 ' S, 144 ° 4 ' E, 27 June 1986, T. Weir & A. Calder (3 ANIC); Hann River, water sweep, 15 ° 11 ' S, 143 ° 52 ' E, 16 August 1992, P. Zborowski & J. Cardale (2 ANIC); Holts Creek, 8 km N of Musselbrook Mining Camp, 18 ° 33 ' S, 138 ° 11 ' E, 10 – 20 May 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); Kelly St., George R. Cooktown Rd., 16 ° 29 ' S, 144 ° 47 ' E, 22 May 1976, E. B. Britton (2 ANIC); Kennedy River, water sweep, 15 ° 26 ' S, 144 ° 10 ' E, 24 April 1994, P. Zborowski (10 ANIC); Laura River, pools in stony river bed, full sun, algal growth, 15 ° 21 ' S, 144 ° 27 ' E, 27 May 1994, P. Zborowski (1 ANIC); McIlwraith Range, Weather Stn., 13 ° 39 ' S, 143 ° 25 ' E, 23 July 1982, C. Watts (4 SAMA); Moonlight Creek, water sweep, 12 ° 42 ' S, 142 ° 30 ' E, 22 June 1993, P. Zborowski & I. Naumann (1 ANIC); Murrays Spring, 8 km W by N of Musselbrook Mining Camp, large pool in rocky creek bed, sandy bottom water lillies, Pandanus, algal growth, 18 ° 35 ' S, 138 ° 3 ' E, 9 – 20 May 1995, T. Weir (2 ANIC); Normanton, at light, 17 ° 40 ' S, 141 ° 4 ' E, 4 May 1963, P. Aitken & N. B. Tindale (2 SAMA); Reedy St., George R. Cooktown Rd., 16 ° 28 ' S, 144 ° 46 ' E, 22 May 1976, E. B. Britton (6 ANIC); Split Rock, flight intercept trap, 15 ° 39 ' S, 144 ° 31 ' E, 24 August – 21 September 1992, P. Zborowski & L. Miller (1 ANIC); Western Australia, 14 km SbyE Kalumburu Mission, CALM Site 4 / 3 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, open forest, 14 ° 25 ' S, 126 ° 40 ' E, 3 – 6 June 1988, T. A. Weir (13 ANIC); 4 km SbyW Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau, 14 ° 52 ' S, 125 ° 50 ' E, 13 May 1983, DCF Rentz, J. Balderson (17) (5 ANIC); Derby, N. W. A. [no date], 17 ° 18 ' S, 123 ° 37 ' E ,, [collector not given] (7 SAMA); East Kimberley, Meelarie Creek, 5 km N Drysdale Crossing, elev. 350 m, 15 ° 40 ' S, 126 ° 24 ' E, 19 June 1999, L. Hendrich (7 NMW); East Kimberley, N. N. Creek, 40 km W Kununurra, elev. 50 m, 15 ° 46 ' S, 128 ° 44 ' E, 29 June 1999, L. Hendrich (2 NMW); Synnot Ck., CALM Site 25 / 1 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, closed forest margin, 16 ° 31 ' S, 125 ° 16 ' E, 17 – 20 June 1988, T. A. Weir (1 ANIC); Synnot Ck., CALM Site 25 / 1 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, open forest, 16 ° 31 ' S, 125 ° 16 ' E, 17 – 20 June 1988, T. A. Weir (1 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF1FF8CFF37FD0FFAB83010.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, McArthur River, 80 km SW of Borroloola, 16 ° 39 ' S, 135 ° 51 ' E, 13 May 1973, M. S. Upton. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF1FF8CFF37FD0FFAB83010.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in dorsal habitus to H. australica; differing therefrom by the smaller size (ca. 1.31 vs. 1.45 mm), the lighter borders surrounding the pronotal macula, the slightly more distinctive dorsal setae, and the narrow, carinate plaques (Figs. 115, 117). The aedeagi of the two species distinctively differ (Figs. 114, 119, 120).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF1FF8CFF37FD0FFAB83010.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.31 / 0.56; head 0.21 / 0.33; pronotum 0.34 / 0.45, PA 0.37, PB 0.43; elytra 0.77 / 0.56. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum light brown to testaceous, with large rectangular brown macula; elytra dark brown; legs and palpi light brown to testaceous. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, ca. 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum and postmentum weakly shining, weakly microreticulate. Genae very weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc fine and sparse, interstices shining, 3 – 4 xpd, punctures larger and denser anteriorly and posteriorly ca. 1 – 2 xpd those of frons, interstices ca. 1 xpd; each pronotal puncture with very fine, moderately long seta that lies flat on cuticle in dry specimens; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures near base ca. 1 xpd of largest pronotal punctures, becoming finer posteriorly. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderate angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 1 / 5 / 4. Plaques narrow, carinate, weakly arcuate, on sides of deep depression. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately wide, l / w ca. 4 / 3, sides parallel, apex blunt. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin almost 2 x P 2. Legs simple. Last sternite weakly produced apicomedially; last tergite deeply notched apicomedially. Aedeagus (Fig. 114) main-piece with very narrow, short, sinuate, pointed process on right side; distal piece bilobed in ventral view, multi-lobed in lateral view, with cluster of curving, long setae on dorsal surface, gonopore-bearing flagellum very short; left paramere inserting closer to base than insertion of right paramere; left paramere markedly sinuate in lateral view, much longer than right, distal 1 / 2 slightly widened and with two groups of very long setae; right paramere partially hidden in ventral view, markedly arcuate in lateral view, with about ten long setae on ventral margin near base, setae wrapping around ventral surface of mainpiece. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF1FF8CFF37FD0FFAB83010.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the sparse, fine setae on the dorsum, and the very long, sparse paramere setae.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF1FF8CFF37FD0FFAB83010.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in northwestern Queensland (Fig. 260).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF0FF8CFF37FECFFA74362E.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, Synnot Ck., CALM Site 25 / 1 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], 16 ° 31 ' S, 125 ° 16 ' E, at light, closed forest margin, 17 – 20 June 1988, T. A. Weir. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratype: Western Australia, Synnot Range, 16 ° 25 ' S, 125 ° 28 ' E, 1 September 1969, D. D. Giuliani (1 WAMP).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF0FF8CFF37FECFFA74362E.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Somewhat similar in dorsal habitus to H. australica and H. parciplumea; differing therefrom by the much smaller size (ca. 1.08 vs. 1.45 and 1.31 mm), the slightly broader body form, the more sparsely punctate pronotum, the sparser, subserial or random elytral punctures, and the differently shaped plaques (Figs. 115 – 117). The aedeagus of H. australula shows some similarities with those of the compared species, but differs therefrom in the shape of the main-piece, the positions, shapes, and setal patterns of the parameres, and details of the main-piece (Figs. 112, 114, 119).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF0FF8CFF37FECFFA74362E.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.08 / 0.49; head 0.16 / 0.29; pronotum 0.28 / 0.38, PA 0.30, PB 0.35; elytra 0.64 / 0.49. Head and elytra dark brown; pronotum brown; legs and palpi light brown to testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 2 – 5 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate and shining medially. Mentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd those of frons, slightly larger anteriorly and posteriorly, interstices shining, 2 – 5 xpd, largest on disc; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd of smallest pronotal punctures, weakly serial, becoming random over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Elytral margins arcuate. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins do not form angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 7 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel or weakly diverging, apex blunt. Plaques large, slightly raised, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep, subtriangular median depression; plaques weakly arcuate, tapering and narrowly separated anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 1.5 x P 2. Legs simple. Last tergite cap-like, with small apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 112) main-piece with very narrow, short, sinuate, pointed process on right side; distal piece with one lobe and two narrow processes in ventral view, multi-lobed in lateral view, with cluster of curving, long setae on dorsal surface, gonopore-bearing flagellum very short; both parameres inserting very near base; left paramere markedly sinuate in lateral view, longer than right, distal 1 / 2 slightly widened and with two groups of moderately long setae; right paramere weakly arcuate in lateral view, with about four setae on ventral margin near midlength. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF0FF8CFF37FECFFA74362E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the small size and relationship to H. australica.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF0FF8CFF37FECFFA74362E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the Synnot Range in northeastern Western Australia (Fig. 261).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8BFF37FF07FABA34EE.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Davies Creek, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 1 – 30 October 1949, J. G. Brooks. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (11): Queensland, 15 km NE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 25, flight intercept trap, elev. 400 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 7 January – 12 February 1985, Storey & Halfpapp (6 QPIM); same locality, elev. 400 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 1 May – 14 June 1985, Storey & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); 5 km NNW of Kuranda, MDPI intercept trap, site No. 24, 16 ° 46 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 20 March – 1 May 1985, Storey & Titmarsh (1 QPIM); Davies Creek, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 1 – 30 October 1949, J. G. Brooks (3 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8BFF37FF07FABA34EE.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Differentiated from other members of the rudallensis Group by the densely, coarsely punctate dorsum (Fig. 118). The aedeagus shows some superficial resemblance to that of H. australica (Figs. 119, 121).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8BFF37FF07FABA34EE.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.36 / 0.59; head 0.21 / 0.31; pronotum 0.31 / 0.44, PA 0.37, PB 0.39; elytra 0.80 / 0.59. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum brownish to orange-brown, darker on disc than laterally; elytra brown to orange brown; legs and palpi light brown to testaceous, distal 1 / 2 of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures slightly larger than 1 xef; interstices weakly shining, 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum and postmentum weakly shining, microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures dense, ca. 1 – 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, ca. 0.5 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures slightly larger than pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 6 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 4 / 3, sides parallel or very weakly diverging, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median triangular depression, plaques straight, tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin almost 2 x P 2. Legs simple. Last tergite with apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 121) main-piece with large process distally on right side; distal piece with two lobes, gonopore-bearing flagellum terminal, issuing from right side of ventral lobe, dorsal lobe with irregular margin; parameres inserting at same level on main-piece and of about equal lengths; left paramere slender, with about nine setae apically; right paramere widest in proximal 1 / 3, with about five setae on ventral margin in distal 2 / 3. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8BFF37FF07FABA34EE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8BFF37FF07FABA34EE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from the Atherton Tablelands, northeastern Queensland (Fig. 261).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8AFF37F9CAFB803608.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Charters Towers [labels: Ch. Towers, Q. 3 - 2 - 36 A. A. Ross // T. 7225. // Hydraena parva sp. n. det. P. Zwick Holotypus // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the QMBA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8AFF37F9CAFB803608.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Among species of the parva subgroup, most similar in size, body proportions, dorsal punctation, and plaque configuration to H. ambiosina; differing therefrom by the more distinctively depressed sublateral area of the elytra, and the stronger sublateral ridge (Figs. 122, 125, 133). Examination of the quite distinct male genitalia will be necessary for reliable determinations (Figs. 126 – 128, 132).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8AFF37F9CAFB803608.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.25 / 0.54; head 0.14 / 0.32; pronotum 0.31 / 0.42, PA 0.35, PB 0.39; elytra 0.76 / 0.54. Dorsum brown, margins of pronotum, legs and palpi lighter, head darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc slightly larger than those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd, punctures denser at anterior, ca. 1 xpd of discal punctures; PF 1 absent or very shallow; PF 2 very small and very shallow; PF 3 moderately deep; PF 4 absent. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Each elytron with sublateral depression, bordered laterally by rounded ridge. Apices in dorsal aspect truncate, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Plaque / intercoxal process ratios (P 2 / w / l / s) 2 / 1 / 4 / 4. P 1 almost laminate; median carina posterior extreme not more elevated than remainder. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques narrow, straight, located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of shallow median depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. All legs simple, tibiae slender. Last tergite produced in tiny point on each side of deep apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Figs. 126 – 128) main-piece wide, rather flat, widened on right side concealing paramere base, with very small process distally on right side; basal orifice nearly symmetrical in ventral view; distal piece comparatively simple, gonopore bearing flagellum short, terminal; parameres inserting at same level; left paramere very slender, setae apical; right paramere sinuate in ventral view, markedly tapering to fine tip in lateral view, about four or five setae clustered on ventral margin near midlength. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8AFF37F9CAFB803608.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely, but very sparsely, distributed in the northern areas of Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland (Fig. 252).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF7FF8AFF37F9CAFB803608.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (28): Northern Territory, Elsey Creek, 19 km SSE Mataranka, 15 ° 5 ' S, 133 ° 7 ' E, 14 May 1973, M. S. Upton (6 ANIC); Jim Jim Falls Camp. Area, elev. 60 m, 13 ° 16 ' S, 132 ° 49 ' E, 26 – 27 November 1996, L. Hendrich (2) (1 NMW); Kakadu N. P., Gungurul Lookout, creek, elev. 50 m, 13 ° 59 ' S, 132 ° 19 ' E, 1 November 1996, L. Hendrich (1 NMW); Kakadu N. P., Jim Jim Hwy., Barramundi Creek, elev. 30 m, 12 ° 59 ' S, 132 ° 22 ' E, 30 October 1996, L. Hendrich (8) (1 NMW); Keep River Gorge, Keep River Nat. Pk., deep billabong with rocks and floating leaves, etc., 15 ° 50 ' S, 129 ° 7 ' E, 22 July 1994, T. Weir & A. Roach (1 ANIC); McArthur River, 80 km SW of Borroloola, 16 ° 39 ' S, 135 ° 51 ' E, 13 May 1973, M. S. Upton (4 ANIC); Queensland, 6 km W Dimbulah, 17 ° 8 ' S, 145 ° 6 ' E, 10 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Western Australia, 14 km SbyE Kalumburu Mission, CALM Site 4 / 3 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, closed forest, 14 ° 25 ' S, 126 ° 40 ' E, 3 – 6 June 1988, T. A. Weir (1 ANIC); 14 km SbyE Kalumburu Mission, CALM Site 4 / 3 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, open forest, 14 ° 25 ' S, 126 ° 40 ' E, 3 – 6 June 1988, T. A. Weir (6 ANIC); Synnot Ck., CALM Site 25 / 1 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], at light, closed forest margin, 16 ° 31 ' S, 125 ° 16 ' E, 17 – 20 June 1988, T. A. Weir (6 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF5FF88FF37FF07FC2B3588.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Nabarlek Dam, 15 km S by W of Nimbuwah Rock [ca. 12 ° 12 ' S, 133 ° 21 ' E] [labels: 12.20 S 133.19 E Nabarlek Dam, N. T. 15 km S. by W. of Nimbuwah Rock, 2. vi. 73, at light, E. G. Matthews // [pink label] // Holotype // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena lucernae Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF5FF88FF37FF07FC2B3588.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Among species of the parva subgroup, similar in plaque configuration to H. parva and H. ambiosina; differing therefrom by the less densely punctate pronotum, the slightly smaller body size, the less distinctively depressed sublateral area of the elytra, and the weaker sublateral ridge (Figs. 122, 123, 133). Examination of the quite distinct male genitalia will sometimes be necessary for reliable determinations (Figs. 126, 129, 132).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF5FF88FF37FF07FC2B3588.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.20 / 0.52; head 0.20 / 0.30; pronotum 0.31 / 0.41, PA 0.35, PB 0.37; elytra 0.68 / 0.52. Dorsum brown, except head and disc of pronotum piceous, legs and palpi testaceous, distal 1 / 2 of last palpomere darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 – 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 0.5 – 2 xpd, punctures denser at anterior; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd of smallest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Each elytron with very faint sublateral depression, bordered laterally by very low rounded ridge. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 5 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of moderately deep median subtriangular depression, plaques straight, tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Legs simple. Last sternite symmetrical; last tergite with apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Figs. 129, 131) main-piece wide, angular on left side distally, with small, sharp process distally on right side; basal orifice very asymmetrical; distal piece with one large rounded lobe and several smaller lobes, two of which form U-shaped process in lateral view, gonopore bearing flagellum short, median or nearly so in ventral view; parameres inserting at same level, right paramere inserting on ventral surface; left paramere slender, setae apical; right paramere very slender, widest near base, arcuate over distal 2 / 3 in lateral view, with about four setae clustered on ventral margin near midlength. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF5FF88FF37FF07FC2B3588.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Queensland and northern Northern Territory (Fig. 251).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF5FF88FF37FF07FC2B3588.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The very disjunct locality record from Albert River, southeastern Queensland, is based on a single specimen, a dissected male.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF5FF88FF37FF07FC2B3588.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (105): Northern Territory, 10 mi E of Daly River, at light, 13 ° 45 ' S, 130 ° 51 ' E, 28 June 1972, B. K. Head (1 SAMA); 12 km NNW of Mt. Cahill, at light, 12 ° 46 ' S, 132 ° 39 ' E, 25 October 1972, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Adelaide River, at Daly River road crossing, 13 ° 29 ' S, 131 ° 6 ' E, 9 November 1972, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Canon Hill Kakadu, 12 ° 16 ' S, 132 ° 40 ' E, 10 October 1998, C. Watts (6 SAMA); Cooper Creek, 19 km E by S of Mt. Borradaile, 12 ° 6 ' S, 133 ° 4 ' E, 5 June 1973, M. S. Upton (1 ANIC); Hayes Creek, ca. 70 km S of Adelaide River, 13 ° 37 ' S, 131 ° 32 ' E, 7 July 1998, W. Ullrich (6 NMW); Howard Springs, 24 km S of Darwin, rain forest, at light, 12 ° 28 ' S, 131 ° 3 ' E, 10 November 1972, E. Britton (1 ANIC); Humpty Doo (6 km E), at UV light, 12 ° 37 ' S, 131 ° 15 ' E, 6 – 19 October 1990, R. I. Storey (13 QPIM); Humpty Doo, ex. Pandanus, on leaves, 12 ° 37 ' S, 131 ° 15 ' E, 20 April 1991, H. P. Brown (3 ANIC); Ja Ja Billabong, 6 km NbyE Mudginberri, Berlesate, open forest litter [billabong], 12 ° 33 ', 132 ° 52 ' E, 27 November 1992, M. Storrs (12 ANIC); Katherine Gorge National Park, 14 ° 19 ' S, 132 ° 34 ' E, 11 – 12 April 1960, G. H. Hevel & J. A. Fortin (1 USNM); Nabarlek Dam, 15 km S by W of Nimbuwah Rock, at light, 12 ° 12 ' S, 133 ° 21 ' E, 2 June 1973, E. G. Matthews (1 ANIC); Noorlangie Creek, 8 km N of Mt. Cahill, at light, 12 ° 52 ' S, 132 ° 47 ' E, 27 October 1972, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Stuart Highway, Livingstone Field, 52 km S of Darwin, 12 ° 44 ' S, 132 ° 5 ' E, 9 November 1972, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Queensland, 1 km W of Annan Falls, 15 ° 31 ' S, 145 ° 14 ' E, 26 May 1976, E. B. Britton (4 ANIC); 18 km N Mareeba, intermittent stream, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 September 1990, D. Larson (2 MCZ); 2 km NW Daintree, small, muddy creek, 16 ° 15 ' S, 145 ° 19 ' E, 12 October 1990, D. Larson (6 MCZ); 40 km N Coen, 13 ° 41 ' S, 143 ° 5 ' E, 25 July 1982, C. Watts (3 SAMA); 7 km S of Batavia Downs, flight intercept trap, 12 ° 43 ' S, 142 ° 42 ' E, 19 June – 22 July 1992, P. Zborowski & E. S. Nielsen (3 ANIC); Albert River, S of Wolfdene, 30 km SE Brisbane, River (Albert River), ca. 20 m wide, slightly polluted, flowing through cultivated land, elev. 30 m, 27 ° 46 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 3) (1 NMW); Coen, 13 ° 48 ' S, 143 ° 12 ' E, 20 July 1983, C. Watts (4 SAMA); Dejinghe Ck., 3 mi. SW of Yarrabah, 17 ° 1 ' S, 145 ° 52 ' E, 26 October 1966, E. Britton & R. Trumble (1 ANIC); Granite Gorge, 9.5 km SW of Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 30, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 2 ' S, 145 ° 20 ' E, 5 – 25 January 1988, Storey & De Faveri (1 QPIM); same locality, 17 ° 2 ' S, 145 ° 20 ' E, 25 January – 17 February 1988, Storey & De Faveri (2 QPIM); Leichhardt Creek, 8 km N Bluewater, 19 ° 10 ' S, 146 ° 32 ' E, 18 December 2002, A. J. & C. H. S. Watts (23 SAMA); Luster Creek, 15 km SE Mt. Carbine, 16 ° 41 ' S, 145 ° 14 ' E, 15 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Massey Ck., BS 3, pitfall traps, elev. 1000 m, 17 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 3 February – 6 March 1995, P. Zborowski (3 ANIC); Mt. Spec S 2, flight intercept traps, elev. 880 m, 18 ° 55 ' S, 146 ° 10 ' E, 6 April – 8 May 1995, M. Cermak (1 ANIC); Wenlock R. Xing, on submerged leaf pack, 12 ° 27 ' S, 142 ° 38 ' E, 22 November 1992, A. Calder & P. Zborowski (1 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF4FF97FF37FB67FA813380.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Cooper Creek, 19 km E by S of Mt. Borradaile, in sand at edge of stagnant pool, 12 ° 6 ' S, 133 ° 4 ' E, 3 November 1972, E. Britton. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF4FF97FF37FB67FA813380.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Among species of the parva subgroup, most similar in body proportions and dorsal punctation to H. parva and H. ambiosina (Figs. 122, 124, 133); differing therefrom by the larger size (ca. 1.36 vs. 1.25 mm), and the lack of plaques. The male genitalia of the three species distinctively differ (Figs. 126 – 128, 130, 132).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF4FF97FF37FB67FA813380.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.36 / 0.57; head 0.23 / 0.41; pronotum 0.34 / 0.45, PA 0.37, PB 0.42; elytra 0.80 / 0.57. Dorsum brown, except head and disc of pronotum piceous, legs brown, palpi testaceous, distal 1 / 2 of last palpomere darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum and postmentum weakly shining, weakly microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 – 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 0.5 – 2 xpd, punctures denser anteriorly and posteriorly; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures near base ca. 1 xpd of largest pronotal punctures, becoming finer posteriorly. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Each elytron with sublat- eral depression, bordered laterally by rounded ridge. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderate angle with one another. Plaques absent, metaventral depression moderately deep, wide. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 5 / 3, sides parallel, apex blunt. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Protibia very weakly arcuate, almost straight, other legs simple. Last sternite with small tooth that fits together with slightly asymmetrical last tergite. Aedeagus (Fig. 130) main-piece moderately wide, with small, sharp process distally on right side; basal orifice very asymmetrical, twisted to right; distal piece large but comparatively simple, gonopore bearing flagellum moderately long, median or nearly so in ventral view; parameres inserting at same level; left paramere slender, setae in two groups, apical and subapical; right paramere thicker than left, bent ventrad apically, setae about four, clustered on ventral margin slightly past midlength. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF4FF97FF37FB67FA813380.taxon	etymology	Etymology. " Almost the farthest North "; named in reference to the known distribution.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFF4FF97FF37FB67FA813380.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in northern Northern Territory (Fig. 261).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEBFF96FF37FD7FFEA23350.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, 7 km NE of Tolga, MDPI intercept trap 28, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 28 ' E, 20 February – 9 March 1987, Storey & De Faveri. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (45): Northern Territory, Kakadu N. P., Gungurul Lookout, creek, elev. 50 m, 13 ° 59 ' S, 132 ° 19 ' E, 1 November 1996, L. Hendrich (38 NMW); Queensland, 16 km SSE of Musselbrook Mining Camp, at light, 18 ° 44 ' S, 138 ° 12 ' E, 18 May 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); 18 km N Mareeba, intermittent stream, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 September 1990, D. Larson (3 MCZ); 6 km W Dimbulah, 17 ° 8 ' S, 145 ° 6 ' E, 10 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Murrays Spring, 8 km W by N of Musselbrook Mining Camp, large pool in rocky creek bed, sandy bottom water lillies, Pandanus, algal growth, 18 ° 35 ' S, 138 ° 3 ' E, 9 – 20 May 1995, T. Weir (2 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEBFF96FF37FD7FFEA23350.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Among species of the parva subgroup, most similar in size, body proportions, dorsal punctation, and plaque configuration to H. parva; differing therefrom by the less distinctively depressed sublateral area of the elytra, and the weaker sublateral ridge (Figs. 122, 133). Examination of the quite distinct male genitalia will be necessary for reliable determinations (Fig. 132).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEBFF96FF37FD7FFEA23350.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.25 / 0.52; head 0.22 / 0.26; pronotum 0.30 / 0.40, PA 0.33, PB 0.36; elytra 0.74 / 0.52. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum anteriorly and posteriorly light brown to testaceous, large dark brown to piceous fascia across disc; elytra dark brown; legs and palpi light brown to testaceous. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum and postmentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 – 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd, punctures sparcer on disc; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd of smallest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Each elytron with sublateral depression, bordered laterally by rounded ridge. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 5 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel or weakly diverging, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of moderately deep median subtriangular depression, plaques straight, tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Legs simple. Last sternite with small marginal lobe, slightly off-center; last tergite with correspondingly small, off-center emargination. Aedeagus (Fig. 132) main-piece wide, with small median process, and with sharp process distally on right side that, in ventral view, conceals apical part of right paramere; basal orifice very asymmetrical; distal piece with several more-or-less rounded lobes, gonopore bearing flagellum rather long, diagonally angled from right to left in ventral view; parameres inserting at same level, right paramere inserting on ventral surface; left paramere very slender, setae in two groups, apical and subapical; right paramere bisinuate in lateral view, with about four setae clustered on ventral margin near midlength. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEBFF96FF37FD7FFEA23350.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the distribution around the Gulf of Carpentaria.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEBFF96FF37FD7FFEA23350.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from three very disjunct populations in Queensland and Northern Territory (Fig. 240).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEAFF95FF37FD0FFAB63038.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Kakadu National Park, Gubara, elev. 50 m, 12 ° 16 ' S, 132 ° 40 ' E, 25 October 1996, L. Hendrich (1). Deposited in the SAMA. Paratype: Kakadu National Park, Gungurul Lookout, creek, elev. 50 m, 13 ° 59 ' S, 132 ° 19 ' E, 1 November 1996, L. Hendrich (1 NMW).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEAFF95FF37FD0FFAB63038.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Differentiated from other members of the parva Subgroup by the very coarse pronotal punctation, which is much coarser than the elytral punctation (Fig. 134); also differing from the other species, except H. ferethula, by the absence of plaques. The male genitalia of these two species distinctively differ (Figs. 77, 130).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEAFF95FF37FD0FFAB63038.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.29 / 0.53; head 0.21 / 0.30; pronotum 0.31 / 0.40, PA 0.34, PB 0.36; elytra 0.76 / 0.53. Head piceous; pronotum with piceous fascia bordered by testaceous, narrowly along base, more widely anteriorly; elytra dark brown; legs dark brown on basal 1 / 2 of femur, otherwise light brown; palpi testaceous to light brown. Frons punctures slightly smaller than 1 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 4 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum and postmentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 3 – 5 xpd and much deeper than those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd on disc, punctures denser anteriorly; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 absent or nearly imperceptible; PF 3 moderately shallow. Elytral punctures very faint, much smaller than pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Each elytron with very weak sublateral depressed area just before midlength, bordered laterally by rounded ridge that continues from near base to about distal 3 / 4; area between ridge and elytral margin groove-like. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Plaques absent, median metaventral depression deep, subtriangular. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately wide, l / w ca. 5 / 4, sides parallel, apex blunt. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin slightly wider than P 2. Protibia simple. Metatibia very slender, slightly widened over middle 1 / 3; inner margin over distal 1 / 2 with row of sparse, indistinct setae, recumbent in dry specimens. Last sternite and tergite asymmetrical, sternite with moderately deep off-center emargination into which fits irregular margin of tergite. Aedeagus (Fig. 77) main-piece only moderately wide, lobe on left side distally, small median process distally, narrow, strong, sharp process distally on right side; basal orifice large, very asymmetrical; distal piece with very large, gonopore bearing process and, visible in lateral view, two U-shaped indentations, one distal to the other; parameres inserting at same level; left paramere slender, slightly longer than right, setae in two groups, apical and about five widely spaced along ventral margin; right paramere very strong, knife-shaped, with about five setae clustered on ventral margin near midlength. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEAFF95FF37FD0FFAB63038.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEAFF95FF37FD0FFAB63038.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Kakadu National Park, northern Northern Territory (Fig. 262).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE9FF94FF37FB32FAA23218.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Laceys Creek, 10 km SE El Arish, elev. 40 m, flight intercept trap, rainforest, 27 ° 11 ' S, 152 ° 47 ' E, 23 June – 5 August 1982, S. & J. Peck. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE9FF94FF37FB32FAA23218.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. capetribensis in body form and dorsal sculpture (Figs. 135, 136); differing therefrom by the slightly smaller size (ca. 1.41 vs. 1.45 mm), the lighter, testaceous borders surrounding the pronotal macula, and the more widely separated plaques. The aedeagi of the two species also show a relationship, but differ in significant details (Figs. 137, 139).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE9FF94FF37FB32FAA23218.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.41 / 0.57; head 0.23 / 0.34; pronotum 0.35 / 0.46, PA 0.40, PB 0.40; elytra 0.83 / 0.57. Head dark brown; pronotum testaceous with large, brown, diffusely margined macula; elytra dark brown; legs brown; maxillary palpi testaceous, tip not darker. Head finely microreticulate, except on center of frons disc. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining on disc, dull laterally, 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum and postmentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum finely microreticulate; punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd those of frons, interstices dull, 2 – 4 xpd, punctures; punctures anteriorly and posteriorly ca. 2 xpd those on disc, interstices ca. 1 – 2 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 shallow, more strongly microreticulate than disc; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2.5 / 2 / 5 / 3.5. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel or weakly diverging, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression, plaques very weakly, if at all, arcuate, converging slightly anteriorly, becoming gradually raised from anterior to posterior, posterior extreme raised in tiny point. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur with minute sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia very weakly arcuate, widest near distal 1 / 3; mesotibia and metatibia slender, simple. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with small, apical, slightly off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 137) main-piece with strong basal process bent toward right side, distal part of main-piece widened on right side, in ventral view concealing most of right paramere; distal piece comparatively uncomplicated, with long gonopore-bearing flagellum; left paramere angulate near basal 1 / 3, then tapering to apex, setae in two groups, a row of about seven setae along ventral margin, and about two setae at apex; right paramere slender, setae in two groups, a row of about eight setae along ventral margin, and about two setae at apex. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE9FF94FF37FB32FAA23218.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the microreticulate pronotum and the type locality (= weave, woven).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE9FF94FF37FB32FAA23218.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in southeastern Queensland (Fig. 255).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE8FF93FF37FCF7FBC330D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Cape Tribulation area, flight intercept window / trough trap, 16 ° 3 ' S, 145 ° 28 ' E, 21 – 28 March 1984, A. Calder & T. Weir. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE8FF93FF37FCF7FBC330D8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. textila in body form and dorsal sculpture (Figs. 135, 136); differing therefrom by the slightly larger size (ca. 1.45 vs. 1.41 mm), the darker color surrounding the pronotal macula, and the oval, more narrowly separated plaques. The aedeagi of the two species also show a relationship, but differ in significant details (Figs. 137, 139).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE8FF93FF37FCF7FBC330D8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.45 / 0.58; head 0.24 / 0.34; pronotum 0.35 / 0.48, PA 0.40, PB 0.41; elytra 0.82 / 0.58. Head dark brown except labrum and lateral areas of clypeus light brown to testaceous; pronotum light brown with large, dark brown, diffusely margined macula; elytra dark brown; legs brown; maxillary palpi testaceous, tip not darker. Head and pronotum weakly microreticulate, weakly shining. Frons punctures slightly less than 1 xef; interstices 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus finely sparsely punctate. Mentum weakly shining, effacedly microreticulate and very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd those of frons, interstices 1 – 3 xpd; punctures anteriorly and posteriorly ca. 2 xpd those on disc, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderate angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2.5 / 5 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median, narrow subtriangular depression; plaques weakly raised, oval or kidney shaped, more narrowly separated anteriorly than posteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin slightly greater than 2 x P 2. Profemur with minute sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia weakly arcuate, slightly widened on medial margin near distal 1 / 3; mesotibia slender, straight; metatibia slender, very weakly arcuate, weakly emarginate on medial margin. Last sternite with small off-center lobe; last tergite with deep, off-center notch, located opposite sternite lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 139) main-piece with strong basal process bent toward right side, distal part of main-piece arcuate, in ventral view concealing most of right paramere; distal piece very simple, with long gonopore-bearing flagellum in middle, and short acute process on right side; left paramere slightly angulate on dorsal surface near distal 1 / 4, then tapering to apex, setae in two groups, a row of about seven setae along ventral margin, and about three setae at apex; right paramere slender, setae in two groups, a row of about seven setae along ventral margin, and about four setae at apex. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE8FF93FF37FCF7FBC330D8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the known geographical distribution, Cape Tribulation.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE8FF93FF37FCF7FBC330D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northeastern Queensland (Fig. 260).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEFFF92FF37FDB7FD2830D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Cow Bay, N of Daintree River, MDPI intercept trap site No. 11, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 27 ' E, 6 January – 5 February 1988, Storey & Cunningham. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (6): Queensland, Same locality as holotype, 14 December 1987 – 6 January 1988, Storey & Cunningham (1 QPIM); same data as holotype, 6 February – 23 March 1988, Storey & Cunningham (1 QPIM); Emu Creek, 20 km S. Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 October 1990, D. Larson (4 MCZ).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEFFF92FF37FDB7FD2830D8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. intraangulata in body length, dorsal sculpture, and plaque shape (Figs. 141, 142); differing therefrom by the narrower body form, the less truncate elytral apices, and the darker pronotum. The aedeagi of the two species also show a rather close relationship, but distinctively differ in many details (Figs. 138, 140).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEFFF92FF37FDB7FD2830D8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.44 / 0.58; head 0.24 / 0.36; pronotum 0.36 / 0.47, PA 0.39, PB 0.42; elytra 0.82 / 0.58. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum brown with large, dark brown to piceous, diffusely margined macula; elytra dark brown; legs brown; maxillary palpi testaceous, tip not darker. Head and pronotum microreticulate, dull. Frons punctures slightly less than 1 xef; interstices 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus finely sparsely punctate. Mentum weakly shining, effacedly microreticulate and very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices 1 – 3 xpd; punctures anteriorly and posteriorly only slightly larger than those on disc, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 2 xpd of largest pronotal punctures; punctures becoming smaller and shallower over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 7 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median, narrow subtriangular depression; plaques weakly raised, straight, tapering and converging anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur with minute sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia very weakly arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex; mesotibia slender, straight; metatibia slender, very weakly arcuate and weakly emarginate on medial margin. Last sternite with small off-center lobe; last tergite with deep, off-center notch, located opposite sternite lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 138) main-piece with strong basal process, also angulate near distal end, with sharp, thin, blade-like process directed toward left side; distal piece with three or four moderately complicated lobes, and long, sinuate, gonopore-bearing flagellum; left paramere slender, tapering apically, ventral margin with row of about seven setae; right paramere narrow, setae in three groups, about eight setae in row along ventral margin, about four setae apically, and about three setae on dorsal margin; large seta, flat and widened apically, on dorsal surface of main-piece. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEFFF92FF37FDB7FD2830D8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the collector, Ross Storey.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEFFF92FF37FDB7FD2830D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northeastern Queensland (Fig. 262).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEFFF92FF37FDB7FD2830D8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The two males from Emu Creek have the aedeagal process that is to the left side of the flagellum (ventral view) shaped slightly differently than that of the holotype. The other curvatures and shapes are consistent with those of the holotype aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEEFF91FF37FDB7FC153350.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Leo Creek Mine, McIlwrath Range, E of Coen, ex leaf litter, 13 ° 32 ' S, 143 ° 29 ' E, 14 August 1984, A. Walford-Huggins. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (19): Queensland, 11 km W by N of Bald Hill, McIlwrath Range, search party campsite, elev. 520 m, 13 ° 44 ' S, 143 ° 20 ' E, 27 June – 12 July 1989, T. A. Weir (1 ANIC); 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, 12 ° 44 ' S, 143 ° 14 ' E, 28 June – 4 July 1986, T. Weir & A. Calder (10 ANIC); 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, flight intercept trap with trough, rainforest, 12 ° 44 ' S, 143 ° 14 ' E, 28 June – 16 July 1986, T. Weir (1 ANIC); 3 km W of Batavia Downs, Malaise Trap, 12 ° 40 ' S, 142 ° 39 ' E, 18 June – 22 July 1992, P. Zborowski & E. S. Nielsen (2 ANIC); 40 km N Coen, 13 ° 41 ' S, 143 ° 5 ' E, 25 July 1982, C. Watts (3 SAMA); Hann Tableland, 13 km WNW Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 31, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 50 ' S, 145 ° 11 ' E, 17 February 1989 – 20 March 1990, Storey & Dickinson (1 QPIM); Lankelly Ck., McIlwraith Rge., C. York, 13 ° 45 ' S, 143 ° 20 ' E, 1 – 30 June 1932, P. J. Darlington (1 MCZ).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEEFF91FF37FDB7FC153350.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. storeyi in body length, dorsal sculpture, and plaque shape; differing therefrom by the broader body form, the more truncate elytral apices, and the more clearly testaceous color surrounding the pronotal macula (Figs. 141, 142). The aedeagi of the two species also show a relationship, but distinctively differ in many details (Figs. 138, 140).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEEFF91FF37FDB7FC153350.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.43 / 0.65; head 0.23 / 0.36; pronotum 0.36 / 0.52, PA 0.40, PB 0.45; elytra 0.85 / 0.65. Head dark brown, margins of clypeus slightly lighter; pronotum testaceous with large, brown, diffusely margined macula; elytra dark brown; legs brown; maxillary palpi testaceous, tip not darker. Head and pronotum microreticulate, dull. Frons punctures slightly less than 1 xef; interstices 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus finely sparsely punctate. Mentum weakly shining, effacedly microreticulate and very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices 1 – 3 xpd; punctures anteriorly and posteriorly only slightly larger than those on disc, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 2 – 2.5 xpd of largest pronotal punctures; punctures becoming smaller and shallower over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly truncate, in posterior aspect margins form strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 7 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median, narrowly triangular depression; plaques weakly raised, straight, tapering and converging anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur with minute sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia very weakly arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex; mesotibia slender, straight; metatibia slender, very weakly arcuate and weakly emarginate on medial margin. Last sternite with small off-center lobe; last tergite with deep, off-center notch, located opposite sternite lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 140) main-piece with strong basal process, mushroom-shaped in ventral view; main-piece greatly angulate near midlength, with two, sharp, thin, blade-like processes together forming V-shape; distal piece with three moderately complicated lobes, and short, arcuate, gonopore-bearing flagellum; left paramere slender, tapering apically, ventral margin with row of about eight setae; right paramere very narrow in proximal 1 / 2, becoming wider over distal 1 / 2, setae in two groups, about thirteen setae in row along ventral margin, and about four setae on dorsal margin; large seta, flat and widened apically, on dorsal surface of main-piece. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEEFF91FF37FDB7FC153350.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the oval body form and the many angles of the aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEEFF91FF37FDB7FC153350.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northern Queensland (Fig. 250).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEDFF90FF37FD0FFF3C3040.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Gap Creek, 5 km ESE Mt. Finnigan, 15 ° 50 ' S, 145 ° 20 ' E, 13 – 16 May 1981, I. D. Naumann. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEDFF90FF37FD0FFF3C3040.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. capetribensis in body size and dorsal sculpture (Figs. 136, 143); differing therefrom by the slightly more transverse pronotum, the slightly stronger pronotal microreticulation, and the narrower, more widely spaced plaques. The aedeagi of the two species markedly differ (Figs. 139, 145).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEDFF90FF37FD0FFF3C3040.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.46 / 0.61; head 0.23 / 0.35; pronotum 0.33 / 0.49, PA 0.38, PB 0.42; elytra 0.87 / 0.61. Head dark brown, margins of clypeus slightly lighter; pronotum testaceous with large, brown, diffusely margined macula; elytra dark brown; legs brown; maxillary palpi testaceous, tip not darker. Head finely microreticulate, except on center of frons disc. Frons punctures slightly less than 1 xef; interstices shining on center of disc, dull laterally, 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum and postmentum weakly shining, very finely sparsely punctate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum microreticulate; punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices dull, 1 – 3 xpd, punctures; punctures anteriorly and posteriorly only slightly larger than those on disc, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 1 – 2 xpd of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 7 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel or weakly converging, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median depression, plaques straight, converging and tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur with minute sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia very weakly arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex; mesotibia slender, straight; metatibia slender, very weakly arcuate. Last sternite with small off-center lobe; last tergite with small, apical, slightly off-center concavity, located opposite sternite lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 145) main-piece with large basoventral process, and produced in small lobe on right side near midlength, concealing most of right paramere in ventral view; distal piece (ventral view) with two large pointed processes produced toward left side, between which are a much smaller process and the gonoporebearing process; left paramere very wide, ventral margin markedly produced, with three groups of setae, about twelve setae in row on ventral lobe (not on margin), about seven apically, and about two on dorsal margin; right paramere narrow basally, markedly widened in distal 1 / 2, with setae in three groups; large, hook-shaped seta on dorsal surface of main-piece. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEDFF90FF37FD0FFF3C3040.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFEDFF90FF37FD0FFF3C3040.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality near Mt. Finnigan, northern Queensland (Fig. 258).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFECFF9FFF37FE3FFBC330D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Rocky Creek, Kennedy Hwy., 17 ° 11 ' S, 145 ° 27 ' E, 27 May 1976, E. B. Britton. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (82): Queensland, 15 km NE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 25, flight intercept trap, elev. 400 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 1 May – 14 June 1985, Storey & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); 17 km up Mt. Lewis Road, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 1 November 1990, S. DeFaveri & R. Storey (4 QPIM); Douglas Shire, Ellis Beach, 30 km N Cairns, 16 ° 55 ' S, 145 ° 46 ' E, 11 January 1991, D. Larson (2 MCZ); Emu Creek, 20 km S. Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 October 1990, D. Larson (4 MCZ); Mt. Cleveland summit, rainforest, pitfall and intercept traps, elev. 500 m, 19 ° 16 ' S, 147 ° 3 ' E, 23 March – 13 May 1991, D. Cook (1 QMBA); Mulgrave River, The Fisheries, 17 ° 11 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 9 November 1990, D. Larson (2 MCZ); SW of Tully, pools below Murray Falls, 18 ° 9 ' S, 145 ° 49 ' E, 23 March 1992, H. & P. Zwick (68 PZC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFECFF9FFF37FE3FFBC330D8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. intraangulata in broad body shape, comparatively truncate elytral apices, dorsal sculpture, including large elytral punctures, and plaque shape; differing therefrom by the smaller size (ca. 1.21 vs. 1.43 mm), the more elongate elytra, and the darker pronotum (Figs. 142, 144). The aedeagi of the two species markedly differ (Figs. 140, 146).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFECFF9FFF37FE3FFBC330D8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.21 / 0.53; head 0.21 / 0.30; pronotum 0.32 / 0.41, PA 0.34, PB 0.38; elytra 0.72 / 0.53. Head dark brown, margins of clypeus slightly lighter; pronotum light brown with large, brown, diffusely margined macula; elytra dark brown; legs brown; maxillary palpi testaceous, tip not darker. Head and pronotum microreticulate, dull. Frons punctures slightly less than 1 xef; interstices 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus finely sparsely punctate. Mentum weakly shining, effacedly microreticulate and very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices 1 – 3 xpd; punctures anteriorly and posteriorly only slightly larger than those on disc, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures ca. 2 – 2.5 xpd of largest pronotal punctures; punctures becoming smaller and shallower over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly truncate, in posterior aspect margins form strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2.5 / 2.5 / 8 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median, narrowly triangular depression; plaques weakly raised, straight, tapering and slightly converging anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur with minute sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia very weakly arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex; mesotibia slender, straight; metatibia slender, very weakly arcuate and weakly emarginate on medial margin. Last sternite with small off-center lobe; last tergite with apical, deep, off-center notch, located opposite sternite lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 146) main-piece with large basoventral process, also produced on right side apically in step-like lobes, most of right paramere concealed behind main-piece in ventral view; distal piece produced in several lobes, and with moderately long gonopore-bearing flagellum; left paramere very wide, very asymmetrical, ventral margin markedly produced and forming acute angle, with three groups of setae, about thirteen setae in row on ventral lobe (not on margin), about eight apically, and about four on dorsal margin; right paramere narrow basally, markedly widened in distal 1 / 2, with setae in three groups; large seta on dorsal surface of main-piece. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, lateral pair much smaller then medial pair, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 218).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFECFF9FFF37FE3FFBC330D8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the series of step-like processes on the aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFECFF9FFF37FE3FFBC330D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northeastern Queensland (Fig. 240).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE3FF9EFF37FB32FCFC37E0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Victoria, stagnant branch of Woori Yallock Creek on road to Warburton [labels: Australia, Vic., Wng Melbourne, Woori Yallock Cr. 4. xi. 1972 Zwick // Hydraena ambiflagellata Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick, 1977 // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the MVMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE3FF9EFF37FB32FCFC37E0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to other members of the ambiflagellata Group (Figs. 147 – 150); reliable determinations will require examination of the male genitalia (Figs. 155, 156). Males, and some females, have a small tubercle on the lateral margin of each plaque; these are not present in the other members of the ambiflagellata group.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE3FF9EFF37FB32FCFC37E0.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.38 / 0.58; head 0.17 / 0.32; pronotum 0.34 / 0.46, PA 0.37, PB 0.44; elytra 0.88 / 0.58. Dorsum dark brown, anterior and posterior margins of pronotum light brown to testaceous, legs testaceous, maxillary palpi brown except testaceous tip. Dorsal punctures each with a fine recumbent seta. Frons punctures ca. 1 – 2 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 2 – 6 xpd, punctures denser at anterior; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, nearly absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 3 / 8 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina posterior extreme slightly more elevated than remainder. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides nearly parallel, apex widened toward blunt apex. Plaques very weakly arcuate, well delimited, slightly raised, convergent but only slightly tapering anteriorly; lateral margin with minute subtubercle near midlength; located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median triangular depression. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) weakly widened on inner surface subapically; metatibia slender, gradually and very slightly increasing in width over length; distal 1 / 2 on inner surface with fringe of setae that at its widest is ca. width of tibia (visible in fluid; setae lie almost flat on cuticle in dry specimens). Last sternite very slightly asymmetrical; last tergite with very small, slightly off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Figs. 155, 156) main-piece wide in both views, process on right side terminating in flagellum; distal piece much larger than process of main-piece, irregularly shaped, thickened on dorsal surface, with long gonopore bearing flagellum; left paramere very broad, shorter than right, setae long, in row across arcuate distal margin; right paramere inserting slightly more distally than left paramere, sinuate, widened in distal 1 / 2, setae long, in two groups, one group on each side of main-piece process. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE3FF9EFF37FB32FCFC37E0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. In Australia currently known from South Australia, Victoria, and Tasmania (Fig. 240). Also known from New Zealand; most likely introduced by human agency (Delgado and Palma 1997).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE3FF9EFF37FB32FCFC37E0.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (77): Australian Capital Territory, Tidbinbilla Nature Reserve, trickle at campground, 35 ° 28 ' S, 148 ° 54 ' E, 6 October 2002, P. Zwick (9 PZC); South Australia, 10 km N Forreston, 34 ° 44 ' S, 138 ° 57 ' E, 13 October 2002, C. H. S. Watts (17 SAMA); 13 km W Meadows, 35 ° 11 ' S, 138 ° 37 ' E, 26 September 1996, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Adelaide, Belair N. P., Paroomba Creek, elev. 300 m, 34 ° 59 ' S, 138 ° 38 ' E, 3 December 1999, L. Hendrich (3 NMW); Mt. Gambier, 37 ° 50 ' S, 140 ° 45 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1961, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Mt. Lofty Range, 34 ° 58 ' S, 138 ° 42 ' E, 1 – 30 November 1931, P. J. Darlington (8 MCZ); S Mt. Lofty Ranges, 30 km SE Adelaide, Scott Creek Conservation Park, 35 ° 5 ' S, 138 ° 41 ' E, 18 December 1999, Hands & Hendrich (1 NMW); Tasmania, Fossey River on road to Rosebery, 41 ° 27 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 2 December 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC); Hobart, 42 ° 52 ' S, 147 ° 19 ' E, 17 April 1917, C. E. Cole (1 SAMA); same locality, 42 ° 52 ' S, 147 ° 19 ' E, 1 – 30 August 1961, C. Watts (2 SAMA); Mount, creek Barrow, inundation debris, 41 ° 22 ' S, 147 ° 21 ' E, 8 December 1982, Endrödy-Younga (AU 101) (3 TMSA); St. Patric River, Targa, inundation debris, 41 ° 18 ' S, 147 ° 21 ' E, 8 December 1982, Endrödy-Younga (AU 104) (5 TMSA); Tasman Hwy., 6 km S Llandaff, elev. 50 m, 41 ° 56 ' S, 148 ° 12 ' E, 3 February 1998, L. Hendrich (1 NMW); Victoria, Bright [no date], 36 ° 46 ' S, 146 ° 59 ' E ,, H. W. Darvey (3 MVMA); Kangaroo Creek on Springhill Rd., 5.8 km E Glenlyon, amongst weeds in shallow water at edge of creek (perennial) pools, dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 510 m, 37 ° 18 ' S, 144 ° 18 ' E, 31 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 24 a) (1 ANIC); Lerderderg River, 4.8 km WNW Blackwood; 332, 37 ° 30 ' S, 144 ° 19 ' E, 30 April 1983, A. J. Boulton (1 ANIC); Stagnant branch of Woori Yallock Creek on road from Melbourne to Warburton, 37 ° 44 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 11 October 1972, P. Zwick (1 NMW, 8 PZC); same locality, 37 ° 44 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 4 November 1972, P. Zwick (6 PZC); Warburton, 37 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 13 March 1921, C. Oke (4 MVMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE2FF9DFF37F8DFFEF837B0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, south of Charleville [ca. 26 ° 24 ' S, 146 ° 20 ' E] [labels: S. of Charleville, Q. 9. v. 73, M. S. Upton // [pink label] // Holotype // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena decipiens Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE2FF9DFF37F8DFFEF837B0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to other members of the ambiflagellata Group (Figs. 147 – 150); reliable determinations will require examination of the male genitalia (Fig. 153, 154).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE2FF9DFF37F8DFFEF837B0.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.50 / 0.58; head 0.21 / 0.33; pronotum 0.37 / 0.47, PA 0.37, PB 0.46; elytra 0.90 / 0.58. Head dark brown, pronotum with brown macula surrounded by testaceous; elytra brown; legs light brown; maxillary palpi testaceous, tip of last palpomere slightly darker. Frons punctures laterally ca. 1 xef, medially ca. 0.5 xpd; interstices shining, 1 xpd laterally, 2 – 4 xpd medially. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, very finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca 2 xpd largest frons punctures, interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd, punctures slightly denser and deeper at anterior and posterior; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, nearly absent; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures basally slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures, becoming slightly finer over posterior declivity; a few punctures on disc not distinctly serial. Intervals not raised, shining, width 1 – 2 xpd, interstices between punctures of a row slightly greater. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 3 / 8 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques large, raised, very weakly arcuate, narrowly separated, converging and almost becoming confluent anteriorly. Low midlongitudinal ridge between P 2 and plaques. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin slightly less than 2 x P 2. Protibia (male) weakly arcuate, widened on inner surface subapically; metatibia slender, very weakly arcuate, distal 1 / 2 on medial margin with dense fringe of short setae that lie flat on cuticle. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with small apicomedian emargination. Aedeagus (Figs. 153, 154) main-piece extending as process on right side, about 1 / 3 as wide as distal piece, apex blunt; distal piece irregularly shaped, with several processes visible in ventral view, gonopore flagellum short; left paramere wide, almost trilobed on margin, two small distal lobes each with two long setae, ventral margin with row of setae; right paramere longer than left paramere, inserting at same level as left paramere, markedly angulate, ventral margin curling around main-piece and bearing setae in three groups. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE2FF9DFF37F8DFFEF837B0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from two widely separated localities, inland in southern Queensland, and near coastal Victoria (Fig. 260).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE2FF9DFF37F8DFFEF837B0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Male genitalia from the two known, widely separated localities differ in some minor details (Figs. 153, 154).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE2FF9DFF37F8DFFEF837B0.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (3): Victoria, Bacchus Marsh, 12 km W by N of, shallow, grassy, roadside ditch, and from litter and mud at edge of ditch, elev. 455 m, 37 ° 38 ' S, 144 ° 17 ' E, 17 September 2000, N. Porch (4) (3 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE1FF9CFF37F97DFBBF3498.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, Swan River [labels: Swan R Lea // Griffith collection Id. by A. M. Lea // Hydraena cygnus Zwick male holotypus // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the SAMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE1FF9CFF37F97DFBBF3498.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to other members of the ambiflagellata Group (Figs. 147 – 150); reliable determinations will require examination of the male genitalia (Figs. 151, 152).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE1FF9CFF37F97DFBBF3498.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.38 / 0.60; head 0.17 / 0.32; pronotum 0.36 / 0.47, PA 0.36, PB 0.46; elytra 0.84 / 0.60. Dorsum dark brown, anterior and posterior margins of pronotum slightly lighter, legs and maxillary palpi brown. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 0.5 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 1 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 2 – 4 xpd, punctures denser at anterior, similar to frons; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, nearly absent; PF 3 shallow. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect gradually rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Plaque / intercoxal process ratios (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 1 / 4 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina posterior extreme slightly more elevated than remainder. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median subtriangular depression, plaques anteriorly very narrowly separated and lateral margins arcuate. Low midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia gradually widened to about distal 4 / 5, then markedly excavate, a prominent spine at base of excavation; metatibia with brush of setae on medial surface over distal 3 / 5. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with small, slightly off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Figs. 151, 152) main-piece extending as wide process on right side, as wide as distal piece, apex blunt; distal piece irregularly shaped, with an apical process visible in lateral view, gonopore flagellum very short, base of distal piece with large, striated lobe, visible in lateral view; left paramere wide, almost trilobed on margin, two small distal lobes each with two setae, ventral margin with row of long setae; right paramere about same length as left paramere, ventral margin curling around main-piece and bearing setae in two groups. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE1FF9CFF37F97DFBBF3498.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from two localities in western Western Australia (Fig. 240).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE1FF9CFF37F97DFBBF3498.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The aedeagus has the left paramere complete, not fused to the main-piece as illustrated by Zwick (1977).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE1FF9CFF37F97DFBBF3498.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (4): Western Australia, Lake Nalyerin, 33 ° 8 ' S, 116 ° 22 ' E, 6 October 2002, C. H. S. Watts (3 SAMA); Swan River [no date], 31 ° 59 ' S, 115 ° 50 ' E ,, Lea (1 SAMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE7FF9AFF37FF07FD1731C8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Girraween N. P., Bald Rock Creek at " Under-ground Creek ", ex. sand / gravel streambank, 28 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 57 ' E, 22 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (15): Australian Capital Territory, Wombat Creek, 6 km NE of Piccadilly Circus, flight intercept window / trough trap, elev. 750 m, 35 ° 19 ' S, 148 ° 51 ' E, 1 – 30 March 1985, Weir, Lawrence, Johnson (3 ANIC); New South Wales, Kiola Forest Pk., 15 km N Batemans Bay, wet sclerophyll litter, elev. 20 m, 35 ° 42 ' S, 150 ° 11 ' E, 30 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (SBP 119) (9 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Crawleys Creek, 36 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 13 – 22 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 731) (1 ANIC); Queensland, Girraween N. P., Bald Rock Creek at " Under-ground Creek ", ex. sand / gravel streambank, 28 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 57 ' E, 22 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (2 MCZ).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE7FF9AFF37FF07FD1731C8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to H. extorris; differing therefrom by the slightly coarser punctation, the slightly different plaques, and, in males, the more strongly arcuate protibiae (Figs. 157, 159). The aedeagi of the two species differ markedly (Figs. 161, 164). The terminal part of the aedeagus somewhat resembles that of H. larsoni (Fig. 166), but the main-piece differs markedly therefrom, completely lacking the large sclerotized process that is present in other members of the hamifera group.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE7FF9AFF37FF07FD1731C8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.69 / 0.68; head 0.26 / 0.40; pronotum 0.39 / 0.55, PA 0.45, PB 0.48; elytra 1.04 / 0.68. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum and elytra dark brown, lateral margins of pronotum lighter than disc; legs brown; palpi light brown to testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darkened. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices weakly shining, ca. 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum and postmentum dull, microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc 2 – 3 xpd and deeper than those of frons, interstices shining, varying from narrow walls forming reticulate pattern anteriorly and posterior, to 1 xpd on disc; PF 1 absent; PF 2 small, shallow; PF 3 moderately deep, broad; PF 4 shallow. Elytral serial punctures very regular, about equal size of largest pronotal punctures; intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row; apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 11 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel or slightly divergent, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 3 / 5 of metaventrite at margin of median triangular depression, plaques straight, very narrowly separated anteriorly, each plaque with lateral margin gradual, medial margin abrupt. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur (male) with sharp tubercle on medial margin at about basal 1 / 3. Protibia arcuate, slightly thickened in distal 1 / 2; mesotibia simple; metatibia slender, medial surface very weakly emarginate over distal 2 / 3. Last sternite with off-center lobe that fits into counterpart emargination of last tergite. Aedeagus (Fig. 161, 162) main-piece subtubular, without process on right side; base slightly asymmetrical; distal piece terminally with two processes, gonopore on thin process angled toward left side, other process lobe-shaped and angled toward right side; left paramere much longer than right, angularly produced on ventral surface, setae in one group, more-or-less in a line; right paramere short, simple, setae in two groups. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE7FF9AFF37FF07FD1731C8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. " No bent arm "; named in reference to the lack of an arm-shaped process on the aedeagus, such as is present in H. hamifera.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE7FF9AFF37FF07FD1731C8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from southern New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory, and one disjunct locality in southern Queensland (Fig. 259).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE7FF9AFF37FF07FD1731C8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. There is variation in the shape of the distal piece of the aedeagus. A variant from Wombat Creek, ACT is illustrated (Fig. 162); this variant is drawn at a slightly different orientation than the drawing of the holotype (Fig. 161), illustrating how some variants will seem more markedly different if viewed at a slightly different angle than the compared specimen.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF9AFF37FEA7FE0437D6.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, Unumgar S. F. (nr. Grevillia), Coxs Rd., elev. 580 m, 28 ° 27 ' S, 152 ° 45 ' E, subtropical rainforest, flight intercept (window) trap, FMHD # 87 - 177, berlese, leaf & log litter, forest floor, 6 January 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (789). Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes: Same data as holotype (1 FMNH); Same locality 2 – 11 January 1987 (1 FMNH).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF9AFF37FEA7FE0437D6.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in dorsal sculpture to H. hamifera (Figs. 158, 160); differing therefrom by the larger size (ca. 1.78 mm vs. 1.60 mm), the longer and more convex elytra with more sharply rounded apices, the weakly arcuate and more widely spaced plaques, and, in males, the slightly more arcuate protibiae and the simple metatibiae. The aedeagi of the two species are markedly dissimilar (Figs. 163, 167).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF9AFF37FEA7FE0437D6.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.78 / 0.71; head 0.27 / 0.38; pronotum 0.40 / 0.59, PA 0.46, PB 0.49; elytra 1.10 / 0.71. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum and elytra dark brown; legs brown; palpi light brown to testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darkened. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc 2 – 3 xpd and deeper than those of frons, interstices shining, varying from ca. 1 xpd anteriorly and posteriorly to 2 xpd on disc; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral serial punctures very regular, about equal size of largest pronotal punctures; intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row; apices in dorsal aspect conjointly, narrowly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form very shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 9 / 5. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 3 / 5 of metaventrite at margin of median subtriangular depression, plaques very weakly arcuate, weakly convergent anteriorly, each plaque raised and becoming subcarinate at extreme posterior tip. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 3 x P 2. Protibia weakly arcuate, slightly thickened in distal 0.5; meso- and metatibia simple. Last sternite with small lobe that fits into emargination of last tergite. Aedeagus (Fig. 163) wide, main-piece arcuate in lateral view, with a straight, narrow, strongly sclerotized process on the right side; distal piece large compared to main-piece, shield-like, forming a point on the right side; gonopore on slender process near middle of distal piece; left paramere much wider than right, angulate on ventral surface, with a group of setae subapically and another group at angulation; right paramere slender, about same length as left paramere, with setae in two closely approximate groups. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF9AFF37FEA7FE0437D6.taxon	etymology	Etymology. " That can hold much "; named in reference to the robust abdomen / elytra and robust aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF9AFF37FEA7FE0437D6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality, the Unumgar State Forest, in northeastern New South Wales (Fig. 240).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF99FF37F8B2FB143740.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales [either in the vicinity of Sydney or the Blue Mountains] [labels: " Queensland, area of Sydney or Blue Mts. // Holotype // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGI- TAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena extorris Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977 "].	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF99FF37F8B2FB143740.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally very similar to H. hamifera (Figs. 159, 160); differing therefrom by the more densely punctate pronotal disc, the narrower elytral explanate margin, the more widely separated plaques, and, in males, the simple metatibia. The aedeagi of the two species differ distinctively (Figs. 164, 165, 167).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF99FF37F8B2FB143740.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.70 / 0.71; head 0.26 / 0.41; pronotum 0.42 / 0.58, PA 0.47, PB 0.51; elytra 1.04 / 0.71. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum and elytra brown; legs light brown; palpi testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darkened (the holotype is teneral and hence more lightly colored). Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc 2 – 3 xpd and deeper than those of frons, interstices shining, varying from narrow walls forming reticulate pattern, to 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 small, shallow; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral serial punctures very regular, about equal size of largest pronotal punctures; intervals not raised, shining, width less than puncture diameter, as are interstices between punctures of a row; apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 9 / 5. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 5 / 3, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 3 / 5 of metaventrite at margin of median subtriangular depression, plaques straight, convergent anteriorly, each plaque gradually tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Protibia weakly arcuate, slightly thickened in distal 0.5; meso- and metatibia simple. Abdominal apex asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 164, 165) main-piece with long, slender, arcuate, strongly sclerotized process on right side; base very asymmetrical; distal part of aedeagus with enlargement on ventral surface, best seen in lateral view; two terminal processes and one terminal lobe, gonopore bearing process on left side; left paramere angularly enlarged on ventral surface, setae in two groups; right paramere simple, longer than left paramere, setae in two groups. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF99FF37F8B2FB143740.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales (Fig. 260).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE6FF99FF37F8B2FB143740.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (12): New South Wales, Armidale, 30 ° 30 ' S, 151 ° 39 ' E, 21 March 1963, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Queensland, 30 km NE Brisbane, Mt. Nebo Road, Pond, ca. 200 m, Sclerophyll forest, elev. 540 m, 27 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 1) (1 NMW); 90 km SW Brisbane, 40 km NE Warwick, 28 ° 3 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 17) (2 NMW); Girraween N. P., Bald Rock Creek at " Under-ground Creek ", ex. sand / gravel streambank, 28 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 57 ' E, 22 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (7 MCZ); Running Creek Road, SE Rathdowney, ca. 25 km SSE Beaudesert, small road side ditch (remnants of small swampy meadow), 28 ° 15 ' S, 152 ° 53 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 12) (1 NMW).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE5FFA5FF37F93FFBBC3738.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Lever’s Plateau via Rathdowney, [ca. 28 ° 11 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E] [labels: " Lever's Plateau, via Rathdowney, 2. iv. 1965. S. E. Q. T. Weir // T. 7226. // Hydraena hamifera sp. n. det. P. Zwick 1975 Holotype "]. Deposited in the QMBA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE5FFA5FF37F93FFBBC3738.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the moderately densely punctate pronotal disc with smooth interstices, the almost parallel-sided elytra with comparatively wide explanate margin, the slightly raised plaques, and, in males, the band of recumbent setae on the inner surface of the metatibia (Fig. 160). Specimens are usually slightly less densely and less coarsely punctate than other members of the hamifera group. The aedeagus (Fig. 167) is very distinctive; in some cases it will be necessary to dissect males for certain determinations.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE5FFA5FF37F93FFBBC3738.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.63 / 0.69; head 0.22 / 0.39; pronotum 0.38 / 0.54; elytra 1.00 / 0.69. Dorsum reddish brown, lateral margins of pronotum, legs and palpi lighter, head darker. Frons punctures slightly larger than 1 xef; interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd and deeper than those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 3 xpd, punctures denser at anterior; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very small and shallow; PF 3 microreticulate, moderately deep. Elytra rather parallel sided, moderately explanate, posterior declivity moderately abrupt; serial punctures very regular, about equal size of largest pronotal punctures; intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row; apices in dorsal aspect gradually rounded to subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 1 / 4 / 1. P 1 almost laminate; median carina posterior extreme slightly more elevated than remainder. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 3 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 3 / 5 of metaventrite at margin of median depression, plaques slightly convergent anteriorly, each plaque slightly raised, gradually tapering anteriorly. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 – 3 x P 2. Protibia weakly arcuate, slightly thickened in distal 1 / 2; metatibia with weak brush of recumbent and / or decumbent setae on medial surface of distal 7 / 10. Last sternite slightly asymmetrical, margin with very small point; last tergite with deep, asymmetrical, off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 167) main-piece with large, arm-shaped process; base very asymmetrical; three terminal processes, two of which are smaller and adjacent; parameres simple. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 219).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE5FFA5FF37F93FFBBC3738.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed in the far eastern area, from Queensland to Victoria (Fig. 253). Notes. Plaques of females tend to be slightly wider and slightly closer together than those of males. This species, originally described from five specimens, is one of the most commonly collected Australian Hydraena; I have identified 927 specimens from 106 localities.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFE5FFA5FF37F93FFBBC3738.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (927): Australian Capital Territory, Mt. Ainslie, dry sclerophyll gully, leaf litter, 35 ° 16 ' S, 149 ° 10 ' E, 9 January 1968, C. G. Brooks (4 ANIC); New South Wales, 48 km N Singleton, Mt. Royal St. For., rainforest litter nr. stream, FMHD # 83 - 285, 33 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 59 ' E, 23 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (4 FMNH); 48 km N Singleton, Tuglo Wildlf. Ref., damp litter at “ Big Spring ”, FMHD # 83 - 282, 33 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 59 ' E, 23 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (5 FMNH); 48 km N Singleton, Tuglo Wildlf. Ref., litter nr stream, FMHD # 83 - 286, 33 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 59 ' E, 24 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (9 FMNH); 48 km N Singleton, Tuglo Wildlf. Ref., rainforest litter along “ Turkey Crk. ”, FMHD # 83 - 283, 33 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 59 ' E, 23 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (5 FMNH); 48 km N Singleton, Tuglo Wildlf. Ref., rainforest litter, FMHD # 83 - 250, 33 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 59 ' E, 9 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (10 FMNH); 48 km N Singleton, Tuglo Wildlf. Ref., rainforest litter, FMHD # 83 - 252, 33 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 59 ' E, 9 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (21 FMNH); 48 km N Singleton, Tuglo Wildlf. Ref., swamp litter with tree ferns, FMHD # 83 - 251, 33 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 59 ' E, 9 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (2 FMNH); Barrengarry Mt., 24 km SE Mossvale, rainforest log and leaf litter, elev. 600 m, 34 ° 39 ' S, 150 ° 29 ' E, 29 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (4 ANIC); Barrington House, 40 km NW Dungog, rainforest litter, elev. 400 m, 32 ° 9 ' S, 151 ° 31 ' E, 28 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (101 ANIC); Barrington House via Salisbury, 32 ° 9 ' S, 151 ° 31 ' E, 25 – 28 May 1963, A. Macqueen (6 ANIC); Beaury Creek, adjacent Woodenbong State Forest, ca. 8 km SW Woodenbong, ca. 120 km SW Brisbane, Residual pools and small rock pools in river bed (Beaury Creek), in cultivated cattle country, 28 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 32 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 14) (5 NMW); Buckenbowra S. F., WNW Nelligen, Sugarloaf Creek, gallery subtropical rainforest, wet leaves and flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 87 - 268, elev. 145 m, 35 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 0 ' E, 18 February 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (834) (1 FMNH); Cabbage Tree Creek, Canberra / Coast Road, gravel and sand at edge of small densely shaded stream in sclerophyll forest, elev. 85 m, 35 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 2 ' E, 22 July 2000, N. Porch (93) (1 ANIC); Cambewarra, rainforest litter nr. stream, FMHD # 83 - 227, 34 ° 49 ' S, 150 ° 34 ' E, 12 June 1983, L. E. Watrous (1 FMNH); Ingalla S. F., 13 km S Macksville, flight intercept trap, sclerophyll forest (wet), elev. 40 m, 30 ° 41 ' S, 152 ° 56 ' E, 12 June – 26 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (1 ANIC); Kiola Forest Pk., 15 km N Batemans Bay, wet sclerophyll litter, elev. 20 m, 35 ° 42 ' S, 150 ° 11 ' E, 30 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (SBP 119) (28 ANIC); Lorien Wildlife Refuge, Lansdowne via Taree, flight intercept trap, 33 ° 53 ' S, 150 ° 58 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1986, H. & A. Howden (8 ANIC); Macquarie Pass Nt. Pk., rainforest litter, FMHD # 83 - 260, 34 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 40 ' E, 13 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (2 FMNH); Macquarie Pass Nt. Pk., rainforest litter nr. stream, FMHD # 83 - 258, 34 ° 34 ' S, 150 ° 40 ' E, 13 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (1 FMNH); Mt. Keira, rainforest litter nr. stream, FMHD # 83 - 281, 34 ° 23 ' S, 150 ° 51 ' E, 21 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (2 FMNH); Narrabeen Lagoon, Casurina Drift, FMHD # 83 - 288, 33 ° 40 ' S, 151 ° 17 ' E, 26 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (1 FMNH); O’Sullivan Gap Res., 11 km NE Buladelah, flight intercept trap, sclerophyll forest (wet), elev. 50 m, 32 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 13 ' E, 11 June – 27 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (9 ANIC); Royal N. P., Palm Gully, off Lady Wakehurst Drive, subtropical rainforest, wet leaves & flood debris, forest stream, FMHD # 86 - 669, elev. 80 m, 34 ° 9 ' S, 151 ° 2 ' E, 25 December 1986, A. Newton & M. Thayer (774) (6 FMNH); Royal Nat. Park, 30 km S of Sydney, ex leaf log litter, 34 ° 9 ' S, 151 ° 2 ' E, 14 June 1978, S. & J. Peck (1 ANIC); Royal Nat. Park, leaf litter with hyphae, 34 ° 9 ' S, 151 ° 2 ' E, 5 June 1978, S. & J. Peck (7 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Crawleys Creek, 36 ° 56 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 13 – 22 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 731) (16 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Nullica River, 37 ° 4 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 25 October 1999, J. & R. Miller (site 661) (2 ANIC); Unnamed creek drains into Old Hut Creek, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 12 October 1997, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (1 ANIC); same locality, 37 ° 1 ' S, 149 ° 46 ' E, 12 June 1999, J. & R. Miller (site YNP) (1 ANIC); Unumgar S. F. (nr. Grevillia), Coxs Rd., subtropical rainforest, flight intercept (window) trap, FMHD # 87 - 175, elev. 580 m, 28 ° 27 ' S, 152 ° 45 ' E, 2 – 11 January 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (789) (2 FMNH); Queensland, 1 km S Mt. Lewis, berlesate ANIC 947 rainforest, elev. 950 m, 16 ° 35 ' S, 145 ° 17 ' E, 28 March 1984, A. Calder & T. Weir (1 ANIC); 1.5 km SE Mt. Spurgeon, via Mt. Carbine, open forest, flight intercept trap, elev. 1100 m, 16 ° 26 ' S, 145 ° 12 ' E, 21 December 1988 – 5 January 1989, Monteith, Thompson & ANZSES (1 QMBA); 15 km ESE Warwick, Queen Mary Falls N. P., E Killarney, elev. 300 m, 28 ° 20 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 15) (2 NMW); 2 km N Mt. Lewis via Julatten, rainforest, elev. 1000 m, 16 ° 34 ' S, 145 ° 16 ' E, 9 September 1981, G. Monteith & D. Cook (11 QMBA); 2.5 km N Mt. Lewis via Julatten, rainforest, elev. 1040 m, 16 ° 34 ' S, 145 ° 16 ' E, 3 November 1983, D. K. Yeates & G. I. Thompson (35 QMBA); 20 km S of Ravenshoe, elev. 800 m, 17 ° 36 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 3 July 1971, Taylor Feehan (2 ANIC); 30 km NE Brisbane, Mt. Nebo Road, Pond, ca. 200 m, Sclerophyll forest, elev. 540 m, 27 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 1) (9 NMW); 4.0 km W of Cape Tribulation, rainforest, moss, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 424, elev. 720 m, 16 ° 5 ' S, 145 ° 26 ' E, 1 October 1982, Monteith, Yeates, Thompson (site 8) (2 QMBA); 4.0 km W of Cape Tribulation, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 497, elev. 720 m, 16 ° 5 ' S, 145 ° 26 ' E, 29 December 1982, G. Monteith (( Site 8) (2 QMBA); 4.5 – 5.0 km W of Cape Tribulation (Top Camp), rainforest, moss, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 442, elev. 760 – 780 m, 16 ° 5 ' S, 145 ° 26 ' E, 1 October 1982, Monteith, Yeates, Thompson (2 QMBA); 4.5 – 5.0 km W of Cape Tribulation (Top Camp), rainforest, moss, stick brushing, QM berlesate no. 488, elev. 760 – 780 m, 16 ° 5 ' S, 145 ° 26 ' E, 4 October 1982, Monteith, Yeates, Thompson (1 QMBA, 2 QMBA); 4.5 – 5.0 km W of Cape Tribulation (Top Camp), rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 486, elev. 760 – 780 m, 16 ° 5 ' S, 145 ° 26 ' E, 1 October 1982, Monteith, Yeates, Thompson (2 QMBA); 40 km SSE Brisbane, Mt. Tambourine N. P., Cedar Creek, 27 ° 55 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 22 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 4) (6 NMW); 5 km S by W of Millaa Millaa, rainforest, ANIC berlesate # 674, 17 ° 30 ' S, 145 ° 37 ' E, 11 August 1968, I. D. Naumann & J. C. Cardale (32 ANIC); 7 km WNW of Paluma, MDPI F. I. T. Site 32, flight intercept trap, 19 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 30 November – 16 December 1988, Storey & Dickinson (1 QMBA); 8 km N Cooyar, flight intercept trap, Auracaria vine forest, elev. 300 m, 26 ° 56 ' S, 151 ° 55 ' E, 18 June – 19 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (19 ANIC); 90 km SW Brisbane, 40 km NE Warwick, 28 ° 3 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 17) (10 NMW); Bellenden Ker Range, bottom cable station, rainforest, stick brushing, QM berlesate no. 22, elev. 75 m, 17 ° 17 ' S, 145 ° 53 ' E, 12 April 1979, G. B. Monteith (4 QMBA); Bellenden Ker Range, Cableway Base Station, rainforest sieved litter; Q. M. berlesate # 308, elev. 100 m, 17 ° 16 ' S, 145 ° 54 ' E, 17 – 24 October 1981, Earthwatch / Qld Museum (4 ANIC); Bellenden Ker Range, Cableway Base Station, rainforest sieved litter; Q. M. berlesate # 363, elev. 100 m, 17 ° 16 ' S, 145 ° 54 ' E, 17 – 31 October 1981, Earthwatch / Qld Museum (62 ANIC); Black Mt. Rd., 11 km N Kuranda, “ Turkey Pocket ”, 16 ° 49 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 30 October 1969, J. G. Brooks (4 ANIC); Black Mtn., 17 km ESE of Julatten, rainforest, sieved litter and moss, QM berlesate no. 413, elev. 1000 m, 16 ° 39 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 29 April 1982, Monteith, Yeates, Cook (2 QMBA); Boar Pocket Rd., c. 8 km N of Gillies Hwy., 17 ° 12 ' S, 145 ° 37 ' E, 9 December 1969, J. G. Brooks (2 ANIC); Brandy Creek Rd, Conway S. F., rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 63, elev. 60 m, 20 ° 20 ' S, 148 ° 42 ' E, 25 April 1979, G. Monteith (1 QMBA); Broken R., Eungella N. P., berlesate complex meso / notophyll vine forest 23, elev. 700 m, 21 ° 10 ' S, 148 ° 30 ' E, 18 November 1981, A. Gillison (1 ANIC, 2 ANIC); Bunya Mts. N. P., rainforest litter, SBP 108, elev. 1000 m, 26 ° 51 ' S, 151 ° 34 ' E, 18 August 1982, S. Peck (2 ANIC); C. Qld: Mt. Hayward, RF intercept and pitfall, elev. 350 m, 20 ° 20 ' S, 148 ° 45 ' E, 20 November 1992 – 15 April 1993, D. Cook & G. B. Monteith (1 QMBA); Chujeba Peak summit, 7 km SW Redlynch, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 837, elev. 1000 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 39 ' E, 16 December 1989, G. Monteith & G. Thompson (1 QMBA); Chujeba Peak summit, 7 km SW Redlynch, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 838, elev. 1000 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 39 ' E, 16 December 1989, G. Monteith & G. Thompson (2 QMBA); Danbulla S. F., 13 km NE Yungaburra, MDPI intercept trap site No. 27, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 10 ' S, 145 ° 39 ' E, 1 December 1986 – 30 November 1987, Storey & De Faveri (12 QPIM); same locality, 17 ° 10 ' S, 145 ° 39 ' E, 20 December 1986 – 13 January 1987, Storey & De Faveri (1 QPIM); Davies Creek, 18 km EbyS of Mareeba, rainforest, ANIC berlesate 676, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 18 May 1980, I. D. Naumann 7 J. C. Cardale (1 ANIC); Eungella N. P., 21 ° 11 ' S, 148 ° 31 ' E, 1 – 30 August 1996, J. S. Denton (1 NMW); Eungella N. P., Broken River, rainforest, elev. 700 m, 21 ° 11 ' S, 148 ° 31 ' E, 17 April 1979, G. Monteith (2 QMBA); Eungella N. P., Broken River, rainforest, sieved litter, elev. 700 m, 21 ° 11 ' S, 148 ° 31 ' E, 18 April 1979, G. B. Monteith (8 QMBA); Eungella N. P., Palm Lookout, stick brushing, QM berlesate 32, elev. 700 m, 21 ° 10 ' S, 148 ° 31 ' E, 18 April 1979, G. Monteith (3 QMBA); Eungella National Park, end of Dalrymple Road, puddle, 21 ° 2 ' S, 148 ° 34 ' E, 16 March 1997, P. Zwick (5 PZC); Hinchinbrook Is., Gayundah Creek, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 670, elev. 80 m, 18 ° 22 ' S, 146 ° 13 ' E, 12 November 1984, Monteith, Davies, Thompson, Gallon (1 QMBA); Hinchinbrook Is., Upper Gayundah Creek, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 673, elev. 850 m, 18 ° 22 ' S, 146 ° 15 ' E, 10 – 11 November 1984, G. Monteith & D. J. Cook (1 QMBA); Isley Hills, rainforest, elev. 1050 m, 17 ° 3 ' S, 145 ° 42 ' E, 1 December 1993, G. Monteith & H. Janetzki (1 QMBA); Kirrama State Forest, 32 km NW of Cardwell, rainforest log and leaf litter, 18 ° 10 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 8 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (48 ANIC); Lake Eacham N. P., elev. 760 m, 17 ° 18 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 23 July 1982, S. & J. Peck (1 ANIC); Lambs Head via Mareeba, pitfall trap, 17 ° 1 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 2 August 1992, K. H. Halfpapp (5 QPIM); Lever’s Plateau via Rathdowney, No. T. 7226, 28 ° 11 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 2 April 1965, T. Weir (2 PZC); Longlands Gap Rd. Atherton Tableland, rain forest, 17 ° 28 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 21 January 1977, Walford Huggins (1 ANIC, 3 ANIC); Maalan Road, 1.5 km S Palmerston Highway, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 879, elev. 750 m, 17 ° 36 ' S, 145 ° 42 ' E, 26 November 1994, G. Monteith (1 QMBA); Massey Ck., BS 3, pitfall trap A 2, elev. 1000 m, 17 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 1 December 1994 – 3 January 1995, P. Zborowski (2 ANIC); Millaa Millaa Falls, 17 ° 30 ' S, 145 ° 37 ' E, 16 April 1997, Monteith & Russell (2 QMBA); Mossman Bluff Track, 5 – 10 km W Mossman, Site 4, flight intercept, elev. 600 m, 16 ° 28 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 16 – 30 December 1988, Monteith, Thompson & ANZSES (1 QMBA); Mt. Bartle Frere, W side, rainforest leaf and log litter, elev. 700 m, 17 ° 22 ' S, 145 ° 49 ' E, 25 July 1982, S. & J. Peck (10 ANIC); Mt. Boolbun South, rainforest leaf litter, QM berlesate no. 896, elev. 850 – 1000 m, 15 ° 57 ' S, 145 ° 8 ' E, 6 November 1995, G. B. Monteith (2 QMBA); Mt. Boolbun South, rainforest leaf litter, QM berlesate no. 897, elev. 850 – 1000 m, 15 ° 57 ' S, 145 ° 8 ' E, 6 November 1995, G. B. Monteith (1 QMBA); Mt. Demi, 7.0 km SW of Mossman, rainforest, litter, QM berlesate no. 549, elev. 900 – 1000 m, 16 ° 30 ' S, 145 ° 19 ' E, 26 April 1983, G. B. Monteith & D. K. Yeates (3 QMBA); Mt. Dryander, rainforest, stick brushing, elev. 500 – 650 m, 20 ° 15 ' S, 148 ° 33 ' E, 24 April 1979, G. Monteith (1 QMBA); Mt. Elliott N. P., Upper North Creek, flight intercept trap, elev. 1000 m, 19 ° 30 ' S, 146 ° 57 ' E, 3 – 5 December 1986, Monteith, Thompson, Hamlet (1 QMBA); Mt. Lewis, 20 km SW Mossman, log and leaf litter, 16 ° 28 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 10 July 1982, S. & J. Peck (24 ANIC); Mt. Lewis, barracks, via Julatten, rainforest, 1000 m, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 289, elev. 1000 m, 16 ° 34 ' S, 145 ° 16 ' E, 10 September 1981, G. Monteith & D. Cook (1 QMBA); Mt. Lewis, c. 3 km above Bushy Creek, leaf litter, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 25 November 1969, J. G. Brooks (8 ANIC); Mt. Lewis, rainforest, berlesate 491, elev. 970 m, 16 ° 33 ' S, 145 ° 13 ' E, 8 September 1975, R. W. Taylor (49 ANIC); Mt. Lewis, rainforest, berlesate 542, elev. 960 m, 16 ° 35 ' S, 145 ° 17 ' E, 30 October 1976, R. W. Taylor & T. A. Weir (92 ANIC); Mt. Lewis, rainforest, berlesate 543, elev. 960 m, 16 ° 35 ' S, 145 ° 17 ' E, 30 October 1976, R. W. Taylor & T. A. Weir (78 ANIC); Mt. Lewis Road, Julatten, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 1 December 1975, A. Walford Huggins (1 ANIC); Mt. Mee, Upper Neurum, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate 206, 27 ° 5 ' S, 152 ° 41 ' E, 3 September 1979, G. B. Monteith (1 QMBA); Mt. Mee, Upper Neurum, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate 205, 27 ° 5 ' S, 152 ° 41 ' E, 3 September 1979, G. B. Monteith (10 QMBA); Mt. Williams, rainforest, elev. 1000 m, 16 ° 55 ' S, 145 ° 40 ' E, 3 December 1993, G. Monteith & H. Janetzki (3 QMBA); Nob Creek, Byfield, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate 72, 22 ° 52 ' S, 150 ° 37 ' E, 27 April 1979, G. Monteith (3 QMBA); North Bell Peak, via Gordonvale, rainforest, sieved litter and moss, QM berlesate no. 300, elev. 900 – 1000 m, 17 ° 5 ' S, 145 ° 53 ' E, 16 September 1981, G. Monteith & D. Cook (1 QMBA); Paluma Dam Road, Paluma, rainforest log and leaf litter, elev. 850 m, 19 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 6 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (31 ANIC); Saddle between Massey and Belender Ker Ranges, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 576, elev. 950 m, 17 ° 16 ' S, 145 ° 50 ' E, 2 May 1983, G. Monteith & D. Cook (2 QMBA); Upper Mulgrave River, rainforest; ANIC berlesate 316, elev. 75 m, 17 ° 15 ' S, 145 ° 46 ' E, 19 June 1971, Taylor Feehan (1 ANIC); Windsor Tableland, 35 km NNW Mt. Carbine, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 403, elev. 1050 m, 19 ° 10 ' S, 146 ° 23 ' E, 25 April 1982, G. Monteith & G. Thompson (1 QMBA); Windsor Tableland, 35 km NNW Mt. Carbine, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 404, elev. 1050 m, 19 ° 10 ' S, 146 ° 23 ' E, 25 April 1982, G. Monteith & G. Thompson (1 QMBA); Windsor Tableland, 35 km NNW Mt. Carbine, rainforest, sieved litter, QM berlesate no. 405, elev. 1050 m, 19 ° 10 ' S, 146 ° 23 ' E, 25 April 1982, G. Monteith & G. Thompson (2 QMBA); Windsor Tableland, 38 km from main road, intercept trap, site no. 14 C, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 15 ' S, 145 ° 3 ' E, 5 March – 8 May 1986, Storey & Brown (1 QPIM); Victoria, Cann River, at crossing of WB Line, littery sand and gravel at edge of small river; dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 215 m, 37 ° 20 ' S, 149 ° 12 ' E, 10 April 2000, N. Porch (30) (1 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD9FFA4FF37F917FA623588.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Windsor Tablelands, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, roadside pond, 7 February 1991, D. Larson. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes: Queensland, Windsor Tablelands, Foxwood Stn., 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 6 February 1991, D. Larson (4 QMBA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD9FFA4FF37F917FA623588.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally somewhat resembling H. inancala; differing therefrom by the narrower body form, and the coarser pronotal punctation (Figs. 157, 168). The aedeagus shows some similarity, in the shape of the distal piece, to that of H. inancala, but the main-piece is very different, having a large, markedly arcuate (nearly forming a circle) process and being, in that regard, more similar to the aedeagus of H. hamifera (Figs. 161, 166, 167).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD9FFA4FF37F917FA623588.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.61 / 0.63; head 0.27 / 0.38; pronotum 0.38 / 0.52, PA 0.42, PB 0.44; elytra 0.98 / 0.63. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum and elytra dark brown; legs brown; palpi light brown to testaceous, tip of last palpomere not darkened. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices weakly shining, 1 – 2 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures dense, 2 – 3 xpd and deeper than those of frons, interstices shining, narrow walls forming reticulate patter; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 small, shallow; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Elytral serial punctures very regular, about equal size of largest pronotal punctures; intervals not raised, shining, width less than puncture diameter, as are interstices between punctures of a row; apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form shallow angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 11 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel or slightly divergent, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 3 / 5 of metaventrite at margin of median triangular depression, plaques straight, very narrowly separated anteriorly, each plaque with lateral margin gradual, medial margin abrupt. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur (male) with minute tubercle near base. Protibia arcuate, slightly thickened in distal 1 / 2; mesotibia simple; metatibia slender, medial surface very weakly emarginate over distal 2 / 3. Last sternite with small apical lobe; last tergite emarginate. Aedeagus (Fig. 166) main-piece with large, arm-shaped process on right side that almost forms a circle; base markedly asymmetrical; distal piece with two processes, gonopore on thin process angled toward left side, other process lobe-shaped and angled toward right side; left paramere about same length as right, angularly produced on ventral surface, setae in two groups; right paramere arcuate, setae in two groups. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD9FFA4FF37F917FA623588.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the collector and noted Dytiscidae specialist, David Larson.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD9FFA4FF37F917FA623588.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the Windsor Tablelands, northeastern Queensland (Fig. 254).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD8FFA2FF37F93AFE1C30D8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Palmerston N. P., Learmouth Creek, ca. 14 km SE Millaa Millaa, on loop road, ex. bare rocks in splash zone, 17 ° 34 ' S, 145 ° 42 ' E, 16 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (45): Northern Territory, Katherine Gorge National Park, 14 ° 19 ' S, 132 ° 34 ' E, 11 – 12 April 1960, G. H. Hevel & J. A. Fortin (2 USNM); Queensland, 15 km NE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 25, flight intercept trap, elev. 400 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 20 March – 1 May 1985, Sto- rey & Titmarsh (1 QPIM); 19 km NE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 26, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 54 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 12 February – 20 March 1985, Storey & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); 19.5 km ESE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 9 a, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 1 ' S, 145 ° 35 ' E, 13 January – 3 February 1987, R. I. Storey (1 QPIM); 3 km ENE of Mt. Tozer, 12 ° 44 ' S, 143 ° 14 ' E, 28 June – 4 July 1986, T. Weir & A. Calder (1 ANIC); 40 km up Windsor Tableland road, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 12 November 1990, Storey, DeFaveri & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); 6 km SE Mareeba, MDPI F. I. T. site 36, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 12 February – 12 March 1991, S. De Faveri (1 QPIM); 7 km NE of Tolga, light trap, 17 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 28 ' E, 3 January 1987, Storey & De Faveri (1 QMBA); Boggy Ck., 75 km Cooktown, Cooktown Rd., 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 26 April 1976, E. B. Britton (2 ANIC); Douglas Shire, Ellis Beach, 30 km N Cairns, 16 ° 55 ' S, 145 ° 46 ' E, 11 January 1991, D. Larson (8 MCZ); Emu Creek, 20 km S. Mareeba, 16 ° 58 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 20 October 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Finch Hatton Creek, W of Mackay, 21 ° 8 ' S, 148 ° 38 ' E, 29 November 1968, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); Little Crystal Ck., Paluma Rd., 18 ° 58 ' S, 146 ° 17 ' E, 2 December 1968, E. Britton (1 ANIC); Mareeba, elev. 700 m, 16 ° 59 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 22 January 1993, Wewalka (18) (2 NMW); McIlwraith Range, Weather Stn., 13 ° 39 ' S, 143 ° 25 ' E, 23 July 1982, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Mt. Cleveland summit, rainforest, pitfall and intercept traps, elev. 500 m, 19 ° 16 ' S, 147 ° 3 ' E, 23 March – 13 May 1991, D. Cook (8 QMBA); Mt. Halifax summit, heath, pitfalls & intercepts, 19 ° 7 ' S, 145 ° 23 ' E, 21 March – 10 May 1991, D. Cook (1 QMBA); Mt. Lewis Rd., km 17, sandy creek, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 1 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Rocky Creek, Kennedy Hwy., 17 ° 11 ' S, 145 ° 27 ' E, 27 May 1976, E. B. Britton (1 ANIC); SW of Tully, pools below Murray Falls, 18 ° 9 ' S, 145 ° 49 ' E, 23 March 1992, H. & P. Zwick (2 PZC); Tolga, light trap, 17 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 28 ' E, 25 February 1986, J. D. Brown (1 QMBA); Windsor Tableland, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 6 – 8 February 1991, Storey & Larson (2 QPIM); Windsor Tablelands, Foxwood Stn., 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 6 February 1991, D. Larson (3 MCZ); Windsor Tablelands, roadside pond, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 7 February 1991, D. Larson (1 MCZ).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD8FFA2FF37F93AFE1C30D8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. An unusual species (Fig. 169), recognized by the densely coarsely punctate dorsum, the wide explanate elytral margins that have a serrated border, the raised even-numbered elytral intervals, and the small, widely spaced plaques. The very unusual aedeagus (Fig. 170) does not suggest a close relationship with other Australian Hydraena.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD8FFA2FF37F93AFE1C30D8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.77 / 0.75; head 0.29 / 0.43; pronotum 0.42 / 0.60, PA 0.49, PB 0.50; elytra 1.09 / 0.75. Dorsum dull, markedly punctate, each puncture with a distinctive, short seta. Head piceous; pronotum dark brown, anterior angles lighter; elytra dark brown; legs light brown; palpi light brown to testaceous, tip slightly darkened. Dorsum dull, markedly punctate, each puncture with a distinctive, short seta. Frons punctures ca. 3 – 4 xef; interstices narrow walls to 0.5 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum and postmentum dull, microreticulate. Genae raised, with posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures very large and dense, slightly larger and deeper than those of frons, interstices narrow walls forming reticulate pattern; PF 1 absent; PF 2 moderately deep, oblique; PF 3 and PF 4 moderately deep. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd or slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures, very closely spaced, interstices and intervals less than 1 xpd. Even-numbered intervals very weakly raised on disc, slightly higher laterally. Explanate margin wide, border finely serrate. Apices in dorsal aspect weakly separately rounded, in posterior aspect margins form strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 2 / 6. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides very weakly converging, apex blunt. Plaques very small, widely separated ovals at posterior sides of deep median subtriangular depression that has midlongitudinal groove. AIS concave, width at straight posterior margin 3 x P 2. Protibia (male) arcuate, distal 1 / 4 widened in ridge-like medial margin; meso- and metatibiae slender, metatibia very weakly emarginate on medial margin. Last tergite with large apicomedian concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 170) main-piece with large lobe on right side that terminates in an arcuate, sharply pointed process; distal piece with two lobes that together enclose a circular space; gonopore-bearing flagellum shorter than terminal lobe; left paramere short, rod-shaped, with sparse setae; right paramere very elongate, very thin except widened in distal 1 / 4, with sparse setae apically. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite and spermatheca as illustrated (Figs. 220, 226).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD8FFA2FF37F93AFE1C30D8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the shape of the aedeagus, part of which is suggestive of an index finger and thumb enclosing a circle (the " A-OK " symbol).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD8FFA2FF37F93AFE1C30D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northeastern Queensland and one disjunct locality in northern Northern Territory (Fig. 254).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDEFFA1FF37FC1AFA9B3380.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, Bruxner Flora Reserve, ex. leaf / twig debris in streambed pools, 30 ° 15 ' S, 153 ° 6 ' E, 28 January 1998, P. D. Perkins. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (72): New South Wales, Same data as holotype (22 MCZ); Dorrigo N. P., Rosewood Creek, upstream from Coachwood Falls, ex. gravel / sand stream bank, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 26 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (42 MCZ); Dorrigo N. P., Sassafras Creek, upstream from Casuarina Falls, silty gravel bank in shade, elev. 650 m, 30 ° 22 ' S, 152 ° 40 ' E, 27 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (5 MCZ); Queensland, 30 km NE Brisbane, Mt. Nebo Road, Pond, ca. 200 m, Sclerophyll forest, elev. 540 m, 27 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 1) (1 NMW); 90 km SW Brisbane, 40 km NE Warwick, 28 ° 3 ' S, 152 ° 22 ' E, 26 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 17) (2 NMW).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDEFFA1FF37FC1AFA9B3380.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. bidefensa in color pattern (Figs. 66, 173), with testaceous pronotum contrasting with the dark brown head and elytra, and the widely separated plaques; differing therefrom by the smaller size (ca. 1.25 vs. 1.50 mm), the slightly more transverse pronotum (w / l ca. 1.31 vs. 1.24), the slightly less shining dorsum, and the arcuate plaques. The aedeagi of the two species distinctively differ (Figs. 69, 70).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDEFFA1FF37FC1AFA9B3380.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.25 / 0.51; head 0.19 / 0.30; pronotum 0.32 / 0.42, PA 0.34, PB 0.36; elytra 0.74 / 0.51. Head dark brown, lateral areas of clypeus lighter; pronotum, labrum, maxillary palpi and legs testaceous; elytra brown. Frons effacedly microreticulate, weakly shining; punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices 3 – 5 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc only slightly, if at all, larger than those of frons; interstices shining, on disc 1 – 4 xpd, anteriorly and posteriorly 1 – 2 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins form strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2.5 / 1 / 6 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques narrow, arcuate, raised, becoming weakly carinate at posterior extreme, located on sides of deep median depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Protibia slightly widened on inner margin over apical 1 / 4; mesotibia and metatibia slender, simple. Penultimate tergite asymmetrical, produced in small apical lobe on right side. Last sternite very slightly asymmetrical, apex produced in small rounded point; last tergite with off-center, deep concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 69) main-piece with large lobe on right side, gradually increasing in size to rounded apex; distal piece with distinctive, knife-shaped apex that extends beyond gonopore bearing flagellum; left paramere shorter and wider than right, setae in two groups; right paramere slender, nearly straight, setae in one group at weakly widened apex. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, central pair largest, margin lateral to lobes slightly emarginate, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 221).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDEFFA1FF37FC1AFA9B3380.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the knife-shaped apex of the aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDEFFA1FF37FC1AFA9B3380.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northern New South Wales and southern Queensland (Fig. 239).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDDFFA0FF37FA02FBC33400.taxon	description	(Figs. 10, 174, 222, 253)	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDDFFA0FF37FA02FBC33400.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Clacherty Road, via Julatten, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 8 January – 2 February 1987, R. Storey & H. Howden. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (38): Queensland, Same data as holotype (1 ANIC); Julatten, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 26 December 1986 – 8 January 1987, H. Howden & R. Storey (2 ANIC); SW of Tully, pools below Murray Falls, 18 ° 9 ' S, 145 ° 49 ' E, 23 March 1992, H. & P. Zwick (35 PZC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDDFFA0FF37FA02FBC33400.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. triloba in color, dorsal sculpture, and plaques; differing therefrom by the slightly smaller size (ca. 1.31 vs. 1.40 mm), the less elongate elytra, and the more closely spaced elytra punctures (Figs. 174, 175). The aedeagi of the two species distinctively differ (Figs. 10, 172).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDDFFA0FF37FA02FBC33400.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.31 / 0.59; head 0.21 / 0.35; pronotum 0.34 / 0.47, PA 0.38, PB 0.42; elytra 0.79 / 0.59. Head dark brown; pronotum with dark brown macula surrounded anteriorly and posteriorly by testaceous, middle 1 / 3 of length, between macula and lateral margin, of intermediate color; elytra dark brown; legs and palpi testaceous, tip of palpi not darker. Frons effacedly microreticulate laterally, non-microreticulate and shining on disc, punctures less than 1 xef; interstices 2 – 6 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc only slightly larger than those on frons, each with moderately long, fine, recumbent seta, interstices shining, ca. 2 – 6 xpd; punctures larger anteriorly and posteriorly, ca. 2 xpd of discal punctures, interstices ca. 2 – 3 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures on disc slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures, becoming finer over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 7 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel or weakly convergent, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median triangular depression, slightly raised, tapering anteriorly, almost confluent at anterior extreme. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Protibia (male) slightly arcuate, distal 1 / 2 slightly thickened; mesotibia slender; metatibia slender, very weakly emarginate on median surface over distal 3 / 4. Last sternite with small off-center lobe; last tergite with deep, off-center notch, located opposite sternite lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 10) main-piece markedly angulate in ventral view, with two processes, one short near base and one very long on right side at angulation; distal piece as long as main-piece, with (in lateral view) two large, ovoid, rather flat processes, gonopore-bearing flagellum short, at end of long, tubular process; parameres inserting at same level on main-piece; left paramere much narrower than right, tapering to fine tip, short setae in row along ventral margin; right paramere very wide, setae in three groups, two groups on ventral margin, and one group apically. Female last tergite subtriangular, with three incisions delimiting lobes, medial pair of lobes much larger than lateral pair, setae slender, tapering; subapical, median process, at base of which issue long setae that join together at their tips, forming a " pencil " in dry specimens; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 222).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDDFFA0FF37FA02FBC33400.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Peter Zwick, in recognition of his diverse contributions to aquatic Entomology.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDDFFA0FF37FA02FBC33400.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northeastern Queensland (Fig. 253).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDCFFAFFF37FAFFFE4C3740.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Mulgrave River, Goldsborough Road Crossing, 17 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 45 ' E, 20 May 1976, E. B. Britton. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (33): New South Wales, Cabbage Tree Creek, Clyde Mtn., in wet sand at stream edge, 35 ° 35 ' S, 150 ° 1 ' E, 28 November 1993, S. A. Slipinski & J. F. Lawrence (2 ANIC); Oberon, 27.5 km NW, in river debris, 33 ° 31 ' S, 149 ° 43 ' E, 17 November 1991, T. Gush (3 ANIC); Royal National Park, stream drift, FMHD # 83 - 265, 34 ° 3 ' S, 151 ° 3 ' E, 14 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (5 FMNH); Shaw Creek, Springwood / Richmond Rd., elev. 8 m, 33 ° 38 ' S, 150 ° 38 ' E, 24 March 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 214) (1 BMNH); Queensland, 30 km NE Brisbane, Mt. Nebo Road, Pond, ca. 200 m, Sclerophyll forest, elev. 540 m, 27 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 1) (4 NMW); Flaggy Creek, 30 km N Kuranda, Black Mtn. Rd., 16 ° 49 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 29 November 1990, D. Larson (2 MCZ); Goolagan Creek., Palmerston H’way, 18 mi. SW Inisfail, 17 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 43 ' E, 1 January – 30 December 1987, J. Balfour-Browne (1 BMNH); Kauri Creek, Tinaroo L., NE Atherton, 17 ° 24 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 24 October 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Mulgrave River, Goldsborough Road Crossing, 17 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 45 ' E, 20 May 1976, E. B. Britton (2 ANIC); Nigger Cr. trib., 23 km S Atherton, 17 ° 16 ' S, 145 ° 24 ' E, 18 October 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Victoria, Cann River, at crossing of WB Line, littery sand and gravel at edge of small river; dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 215 m, 37 ° 20 ' S, 149 ° 12 ' E, 10 April 2000, N. Porch (30) (5 ANIC); Tambo River at Miller Access Road, south of Ensay, sandy mud of small backwater pool of river flowing through pasture, elev. 210 m, 37 ° 23 ' S, 147 ° 50 ' E, 16 December 2001, N. Porch (NP 82) (6 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDCFFAFFF37FAFFFE4C3740.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. zwicki in color, dorsal sculpture, and plaques; differing therefrom by the slightly larger size (ca. 1.40 vs. 1.31 mm), the more elongate elytra, and the more widely spaced elytra punctures (Figs. 174, 175). The aedeagi of the two species distinctly differ (Figs. 10, 172).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDCFFAFFF37FAFFFE4C3740.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.40 / 0.58; head 0.23 / 0.34; pronotum 0.35 / 0.45, PA 0.38, PB 0.43; elytra 0.85 / 0.58. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum with dark brown macula surrounded anteriorly and posteriorly by testaceous, middle 1 / 3 of length, between macula and lateral margin, of intermediate color; elytra dark brown; legs and palpi testaceous, tip of palpi not darker. Frons effacedly microreticulate, punctures less than 1 xef; interstices weakly shining, 2 – 6 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc only slightly larger than those on frons, interstices shining, ca. 2 – 6 xpd; punctures larger anteriorly and posteriorly, ca. 2 xpd of discal punctures, interstices ca. 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures on disc slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures, becoming finer posteriorly. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form strong angle with one another. Plaque / intercoxal process ratios (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 7 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 1 / 2 of metaventrite on sides of deep median triangular depression, slightly raised, tapering anteriorly, almost confluent at anterior extreme. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Protibia (male) slightly arcuate, distal 1 / 2 slightly thickened; mesotibia slender; metatibia slender, very weakly emarginate on inner surface over distal 3 / 4. Last sternite with small off-center lobe; last tergite with deep, off-center notch, located opposite sternite lobe. Aedeagus (Fig. 172) main-piece weakly angulate in ventral view, with three short processes on ventral surface; distal piece shorter than main-piece, with (in lateral view) two large, ovoid, rather flat processes, gonopore-bearing flagellum moderately long; parameres inserting at same level on main-piece; left paramere narrow, widest near base, then tapering to sharp tip, long setae in row along ventral margin; right paramere very narrow in basal 1 / 3, then widened, setae in two groups, some setae quite thick. Female last tergite subtriangular, with three incisions delimiting lobes, medial pair of lobes much larger than lateral pair, setae slender, tapering; subapical, sharp median process, at base of which issue long setae that join together at their tips, forming a " pencil " in dry specimens.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDCFFAFFF37FAFFFE4C3740.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the three lobes on the ventral face of the aedeagus.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFDCFFAFFF37FAFFFE4C3740.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from Victoria, New South Wales, and Queensland, in three very disjunct populations (Fig. 256).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD3FFAEFF37F935FE4D35F8.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Cape Hillsborough, elev. 20 m, 20 ° 55 ' S, 149 ° 3 ' E, open forest, sieved litter, Q. M. berlesate no. 27, 16 April 1979, G. B. Monteith. Deposited in the QMBA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD3FFAEFF37F935FE4D35F8.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar to H. triloba in color pattern and plaque proportions (Figs. 175, 176); differing therefrom in the narrower body form, the greater body length (ca. 1.49 vs. 1.40 mm), the slightly more densely punctate dorsum, and, in males, the differently shaped metatibiae. The aedeagi of the two species markedly differ (Figs. 171, 172).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD3FFAEFF37F935FE4D35F8.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.49 / 0.58; head 0.24 / 0.35; pronotum 0 .. 36 / 0.44, PA 0.38, PB 0.42; elytra 0.90 / 0.58. Dorsum light brown to testaceous (holotype is slightly teneral); legs and palpi testaceous, tip of palpi not darker. Frons effacedly microreticulate laterally, non-microreticulate and shining on disc, punctures less than 1 xef; interstices 2 – 6 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those on frons, interstices shining, ca. 2 – 4 xpd; punctures slightly smaller anteriorly, and slightly larger posteriorly, ca. 2 xpd of discal punctures, interstices ca. 2 – 3 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures on disc equal to or slightly smaller than largest pronotal punctures, becoming finer posteriorly. Intervals not raised, shining, width about 2 – 3 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect weakly, separately rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 4 / 5 / 14 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel or weakly convergent, apex blunt. Plaques large, distinctively roundly raised, converging slightly and tapering slightly toward anterior; width of groove separating plaques slightly less than plaque width. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Protibia (male) gradually weakly widened to about distal 2 / 3, then tapering to apex; mesotibia slender; metatibia slender, emarginate and flattened on inner surface over middle 1 / 3 of length, lower margin sharp between emargination and apex. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with deep, off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 171) main-piece with lobe on ventral surface and with large distal lobe extending from right to left side; distal piece widest in lateral view, with several lobes, terminating in short gonopore-bearing flagellum; left paramere large, ventral margin with angulate lobe at proximal 1 / 3, distal 1 / 2 tapering, with only a few minute setae on ventral margin; right paramere also very asymmetrical, with unusual shape and setae (see figure). Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD3FFAEFF37F935FE4D35F8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the unusual and very dissimilar aedeagal parameres.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD3FFAEFF37F935FE4D35F8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality, Cape Hillsborough, near the coast in central Queensland (Fig. 239).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD1FFABFF37FF07FE603740.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Laceys Creek, 10 km SE El Arish, flight intercept trap, rainforest, elev. 40 m, 27 ° 11 ' S, 152 ° 47 ' E, 23 June – 5 August 1982, S. & J. Peck. Deposited in the ANIC. Paratypes (615): Queensland, 11 km up Mt. Lewis Road, via Julatten, MDPI intercept trap, site No. 1, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 9 – 23 November 1982, Morgan, Brown, Storey (3 QMBA); same locality, elev. 900 m, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 11 November – 25 December 1987, Storey & Walford-Huggins (2 QMBA); 15 km S Ravenshoe, nr. Tully Falls, rainforest, 17 ° 47 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 9 December 1990, D. Larson (37 MCZ); 17 km NE of Mt. Molloy, 16 ° 40 ' S, 145 ° 19 ' E, 20 December 1986, H. & A. Howden (2 ANIC); 17 km up Mt. Lewis Road, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 1 November 1990, S. DeFaveri & R. Storey (1 QPIM); 2 km SE Mt Spurgeon, via Mt Carbine, rainforest, flight intercept trap, elev. 1100 m, 16 ° 26 ' S, 145 ° 12 ' E, 20 December 1988 – 4 January 1989, Monteith, Thompson & ANZSES (3 QMBA); 21 km up Mt. Lewis Road, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 1 November 1990, S. DeFaveri & R. Storey (4 QPIM); 4 km NNW of Kuranda, MDPI intercept trap, site No. 22, 16 ° 47 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 20 September – 6 November 1984, Storey & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); 4 km S Yungaburra, 17 ° 17 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 6 November 1990, D. Larson (38 MCZ); 40 km up Windsor Tableland road, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 12 November 1990, Storey, DeFaveri & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); 40 km W Ingham, near Wallaman Falls, flight intercept trap, rainforest, elev. 600 m, 18 ° 36 ' S, 145 ° 48 ' E, 22 June – 7 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (2 ANIC); 5 km NNW of Kuranda, MDPI intercept trap, site No. 24, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 46 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 20 February – 20 March 1985, Storey & Halfpapp (4 QPIM); same locality, 16 ° 46 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 20 March – 1 May 1985, Storey & Titmarsh (2 QPIM); 6 km NW of Kuranda, MDPI intercept trap, site No. 21, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 48 ' S, 145 ° 35 ' E, 6 November – 10 December 1984, Storey & Halfpapp (1 QPIM); 6 km SW of Kuranda, MDPI intercept trap, site No. 20, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 51 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 20 September – 6 November 1984, Storey & Halfpapp (1 QPIM, 2 QPIM); 7 km WNW of Paluma, MDPI F. I. T. Site 32, flight intercept trap, 19 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 30 November – 16 December 1988, Storey & Brown (2 QMBA); same locality, 19 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 16 December 1988 – 13 January 1989, Storey & Dickinson (1 QMBA); 7.5 km NNW of Kuranda, MDPI intercept trap, site No. 23, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 45 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 15 January – 20 February 1985, Storey & Halfpapp (1 QPIM, 4 QPIM); 9 km NE Julatten, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 26 December 1986, H. & A. Howden (2 ANIC); Birthday Ck., 6 km NWbyW of Paluma, leaf and log litter; berlesate ANIC 682, 19 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 25 September 1980, T. Weir (3 ANIC); Boar Pocket Rd., c. 8 km N of Gillies Hwy., 17 ° 12 ' S, 145 ° 37 ' E, 26 December 1969, J. G. Brooks (1 ANIC); Boar Pocket Rd., c. 8 km N of Gillies Hwy., at light, 17 ° 12 ' S, 145 ° 37 ' E, 21 February 1970, J. G. Brooks (1 ANIC); Cape Tribulation, Daintree N. P., Turpentine Road, elev. 120 m, 16 ° 9 ' S, 145 ° 22 ' E, 8 November 1996, L. Hendrich (18) (2 NMW); Charmillin Creek, elev. 940 m, 17 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 31 ' E, 1 December 1997, Monteith, Cook, Burwell (1 QMBA); Charmillin Creek Xing, Tully Falls Rd., pitfall and intercept traps, elev. 950 m, 17 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 31 ' E, 8 December 1989 – 5 January 1990, Monteith, Thompson, Janetzki (3 QMBA); Cow Bay, N of Daintree River, MDPI intercept trap site No. 10, intercept trap, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 27 ' E, 25 October – 15 November 1987, Storey & Cunningham (1 QPIM); Cow Bay, N of Daintree River, MDPI intercept trap site No. 11, intercept trap, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 27 ' E, 15 November – 14 December 1987, Storey & Cunningham (1 QPIM); same locality, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 27 ' E, 14 December 1987 – 6 January 1988, Storey & Cunningham (2 QPIM); same locality, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 27 ' E, 6 January – 5 February 1988, Storey & Cunningham (1 QPIM); same locality, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 27 ' E, 6 February – 23 March 1988, Storey & Cunningham (2 QPIM); Danbulla S. F., 13 km NE Yungaburra, MDPI intercept trap site No. 27, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 10 ' S, 145 ° 39 ' E, 1 December 1986 – 30 November 1987, Storey & De Faveri (21 QPIM); Douglas Shire, Ellis Beach, 30 km N Cairns, 16 ° 55 ' S, 145 ° 46 ' E, 11 January 1991, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Flaggy Creek, 30 km N Kuranda, Black Mtn. Rd., 16 ° 49 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 29 November 1990, D. Larson (185 MCZ); Gadgarra State Forest, 10 km E Lake Eacham, pitfall and flight intercept, elev. 700 m, 17 ° 16 ' S, 145 ° 44 ' E, 9 – 31 December 1989, Monteith, Thompson, Janetski (2 QMBA); Hann Tableland (North end), rainforest, elev. 950 – 1000 m, 16 ° 49 ' S, 145 ° 11 ' E, 11 – 14 December 1995, Monteith, Thompson, Cook (6 QMBA); Hugh Nelson Ra., 21 km S. Atherton, MDPI Intercept Trap No. 16, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 26 ' S, 145 ° 28 ' E, 1 December 1983 – 9 January 1984, Storey & Brown (1 QMBA); Hunter's Creek, 5 km NE Mt. Mullay, 18 ° 7 ' S, 145 ° 8 ' E, 15 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Kauri Creek, Tinaroo L., NE Atherton, 17 ° 24 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 24 October 1990, D. Larson (2 MCZ); Kirrama Range, 22 km NE Kennedy, blacklight, elev. 800 m, 18 ° 6 ' S, 145 ° 42 ' E, 11 December 1986, H. & A. Howden (1 CMNO); Kuranda, Rain forest, malaise trap, elev. 1000 m, 16 ° 47 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 17 – 24 February 1984, L. Masner (1 CMNO); Laceys Creek, 10 km SE El Arish, flight intercept trap, rainforest, elev. 40 m, 27 ° 11 ' S, 152 ° 47 ' E, 23 June – 5 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (28 ANIC); Lake Eacham N. P., elev. 760 m, 17 ° 18 ' S, 145 ° 38 ' E, 23 July 1982, S. & J. Peck (4 ANIC); Massey Ck., BS 3, F. I. Trap JCU (West), elev. 1000 m, 17 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 3 January – 4 February 1995, P. Zborowski (1 ANIC); Millaa Millaa Falls, MDPI F. I. T. Site 34, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 30 ' S, 145 ° 36 ' E, 7 February – 13 March 1990, Storey & Halfpapp (3 QPIM); Mt. Boolbun South, elev. 850 – 1000 m, 15 ° 57 ' S, 145 ° 8 ' E, 4 – 6 November 1995, Monteith, Cook, Roberts (7 QMBA); Mt. Finnigan summit, flight intercept, site 4, elev. 1060 m, 15 ° 48 ' S, 145 ° 17 ' E, 4 December 1990 – 17 January 1991, Qld. Mus. & ANZSES (14 QMBA); Mt. Finnigan summit, flight intercept, site 5, elev. 1080 m, 15 ° 48 ' S, 145 ° 17 ' E, 4 December 1990 – 17 January 1991, Qld. Mus. & ANZSES (1 QMBA); Mt. Lewis, elev. 1010 m, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 20 June 1971, Taylor Feehan (1 ANIC); Mt. Lewis, 20 km SW Mossman, flight intercept trap, rainforest, elev. 1000 m, 16 ° 28 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 26 June – 1 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (3 ANIC); Mt. Lewis, 8 km NW of Julatten, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 8 January – 2 February 1987, R. Storey & H. Howden (2 ANIC); Mt. Lewis, flood debris and leaf litter, elev. 960 m, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 19 August 1982, J. & N. Lawrence (2 ANIC); Nelson Range, 19 km NW Millaa Millaa, flight intercept trap, rainforest, elev. 1080 m, 12 ° 38 ' S, 143 ° 15 ' E, 24 June – 2 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (2 ANIC); Nigger Cr. trib., 23 km S Atherton, 17 ° 16 ' S, 145 ° 24 ' E, 18 October 1990, D. Larson (3 MCZ); Paluma Dam Rd., site 1, flight intercept trap, elev. 900 m, 19 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 8 December 1990 – 5 February 1991, Monteith & Seymour (1 QMBA); Paluma Dam Road, via Paluma, rainforest flight intercept trap, elev. 850 m, 19 ° 0 ' S, 146 ° 12 ' E, 22 June – 6 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (86 ANIC); Polly Creek, pitfall traps, elev. 50 m, 17 ° 28 ' S, 146 ° 1 ' E, 25 November 1994 – 10 January 1995, Monteith & Hasenpusch (1 QMBA); Ravenshoe S. F., Tully Falls Road, rainforest intercept trap, 17 ° 47 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 15 November – 12 December 1987, A. Walford-Huggins (3 ANIC); Rocky Creek, small flowing, clear stream, sandy bottom with rocks, full shade: rainforest, 16 ° 35 ' S, 145 ° 17 ' E, 16 December 1994, P. Zborowski (9 ANIC); Tully Falls S. F., 11 km SSW Ravenshoe, MDPI intercept trap site No. 29 B, flight intercept trap, elev. 900 m, 17 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 31 ' E, 1 October – 5 November 1987, Storey & Dickinson (1 QPIM); same locality, elev. 900 m, 17 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 31 ' E, 5 January – 7 February 1988, Storey & Dickinson (1 QPIM); same locality, elev. 900 m, 17 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 31 ' E, 9 February – 3 March 1988, Storey & Dickinson (2 QPIM); same locality, elev. 900 m, 17 ° 42 ' S, 145 ° 31 ' E, 5 November – 7 December 1988, Storey & Dickinson (1 QMBA, 2 QPIM); Tully Falls S. F., 18 km SSW Ravenshoe, malaise trap, elev. 730 m, 17 ° 45 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 1 October – 5 November 1987, Storey & Dickinson (1 QPIM); Tully Falls S. F., 18 km SSW Ravenshoe, MDPI intercept trap site No. 29 C, flight intercept trap, elev. 730 m, 17 ° 45 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 20 April – 25 May 1988, Storey & Dickinson (2 QPIM); Tully Falls S. F., 9.5 km SSW Ravenshoe, MDPI intercept trap site No. 29 A, flight intercept trap, elev. 900 m, 17 ° 41 ' S, 145 ° 30 ' E, 7 December 1987 – 7 January 1988, Storey & Dickinson (1 QPIM); Windsor Tableland, 38 km from main road, intercept trap, site no. 14 C, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 15 ' S, 145 ° 3 ' E, 5 March – 8 May 1986, Storey & Brown (3 QPIM); Windsor Tableland, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 28 February – 6 March 1992, J. Hasenpusch (2 QPIM); Windsor Tableland via Mt. Carbine, intercept trap, site no. 14 a, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 15 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 12 November – 26 December 1983, Storey & Walford-Huggins (1 QPIM); Windsor Tablelands, Foxwood Stn., 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 6 February 1991, D. Larson (36 MCZ); Windsor Tablelands, km 40 access road, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 12 November 1990, D. Larson (8 MCZ); Windsor Tablelands, roadside pond, 16 ° 13 ' S, 145 ° 2 ' E, 7 February 1991, D. Larson (26 MCZ); Wongabel S. F., 6 km S of Atherton, MDPI Intercept Trap No. 18, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 19 ' S, 145 ° 28 ' E, 10 November – 1 December 1983, Storey & Brown (1 QMBA); Wongabel S. F., 6 km S of Atherton, MDPI Intercept Trap No. 18, flight intercept trap, 17 ° 19 ' S, 145 ° 28 ' E, 9 January – 10 February 1984, Storey & Brown (1 QMBA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD1FFABFF37FF07FE603740.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of the large body size (ca. 2.00 mm), the very coarsely and densely punctate pronotum, the coarsely punctate elytra, and, in males, the very large metatibial brush, with undulating tips. H. queenslandica is differentiated from H. pilipes, the males of which also have large metatibial brushes, by the differently shaped and less densely punctate pronotum, and the more regular elytral series near the scutellum (Figs. 177 – 179). The male genitalia of the two species differ markedly (Figs. 181 – 184).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD1FFABFF37FF07FE603740.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 2.02 / 0.81; head 0.32 / 0.42; pronotum 0.48 / 0.61, PA 0.50, PB 0.57; elytra 1.25 / 0.81. Dorsum brown to dark brown, head and pronotal disc darker, palpi light brown, not darkened apically. Frons punctures ca. 1.5 xef, each with short seta; interstices 0.5 – 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum microreticulate, dull; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures on disc deep, slightly elongate, ca. 3 xpd those of frons, interstices usually less than 1 xpd, often narrow walls forming reticulate pattern; PF 1, PF 2 and PF 4 absent; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1 xpd or less, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming marked angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 1 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides slightly diverging toward blunt apex. Plaques small ovals located at posterior margins of deep, median depression. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at straight posterior margin 2 x P 2. Profemur (male) with small tubercle on median surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia straight, not widened subapically; mesotibia simple; metatibia slender, medial surface very weakly sinuate and with large brush of dense and strong setae over distal 3 / 4. Abdominal apex asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 184) main-piece with large, finger-shaped lobe on ventral surface, near base; left paramere very large, with three groups of setae, medioventral part flexible and with minute processes along margin; right paramere lobe-shaped apically, with setae in two groups; distal piece with large, somewhat human headshaped process. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 223).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD1FFABFF37FF07FE603740.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the geographical distribution.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD1FFABFF37FF07FE603740.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from many localities in and around the Atherton Tablelands, and two disjunct localities, one each in far northern and far southern Queensland (Fig. 259).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD1FFABFF37FF07FE603740.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Females have simple legs; the metaventral depression and small plaques do not differ notably from those of males.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD7FFAAFF37F93FFB1036F0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, Sydney [labels: 14623 Sydney // Hydraena pilipes Zwick male Holotypus // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins]. Deposited in the SAMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD7FFAAFF37F93FFB1036F0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of the large body size (ca. 2.15 mm), the very coarsely and densely punctate pronotum, the coarsely punctate elytra, with some non-serial punctures near the scutellum, and, in males, the very large metatibial brush, with undulating tips. H. pilipes is differentiated from H. queenslandica, the males of which also have large metatibial brushes, by the more densely punctate and differently shaped pronotum (Figs. 178 – 179). The aedeagi of the two species are very distinct (Figs. 181 – 184).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD7FFAAFF37F93FFB1036F0.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 2.13 / 0.88; head 0.28 / 0.44; pronotum 0.51 / 0.65, PA 0.48, PB 0.63; elytra 1.34 / 0.88. Dorsum dark brown, head slightly darker, margins of pronotum slightly lighter, legs and palpi light brown, tip of palpus not darker. Frons punctures ca. 2 – 3 xef; interstices very narrow. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures on disc deep, ca. 3 xpd those of frons, interstices narrow walls forming reticulate pattern; PF 1, PF 2 and PF 4 absent; PF 3 moderately deep. Elytral punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. First five or six rows non-serial near base. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded to subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins forming marked angle with one another. Plaque / intercoxal process ratios (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 1 / 5 / 1 /. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 4, sides parallel or slightly diverging toward blunt apex. Plaques minute, indistinct ovals at posterior sides of deep median elongate subtriangular depression (plaques virtually absent in some specimens). No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 2 x P 2. Pro- and mesotibia slender. Metatibia with large brush of setae on inner surface of distal 3 / 4, tips of brush undulating. Abdominal apex markedly asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 181 – 183) main-piece with small lobe on ventral surface, near base, and much larger hooklike process on right side; left paramere very large, with three groups of setae, medioventral part flexible; right paramere much smaller than left, lobe-shaped apically, with setae in two groups; distal piece with large, irregularly shaped process, and smaller, spine-like process. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD7FFAAFF37F93FFB1036F0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely, but very sparsely distributed from eastern central Queensland to Victoria (Fig. 245).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD7FFAAFF37F93FFB1036F0.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (95): New South Wales, 2 km S. Nowra, 34 ° 52 ' S, 150 ° 36 ' E, 27 November 1998, C. Watts (7 SAMA); Beaury Creek, adjacent Woodenbong State Forest, ca. 8 km SW Woodenbong, ca. 120 km SW Brisbane, Residual pools and small rock pools in river bed (Beaury Creek), in cultivated cattle country, 28 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 32 ' E, 25 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 14) (11 NMW); Bruxner Flora Reserve, ex. leaf / twig debris in streambed pools, 30 ° 15 ' S, 153 ° 6 ' E, 28 January 1998, P. D. Perkins (4 MCZ); Failford, 8 km N, 32 ° 0 ' S, 152 ° 27 ' E, 18 August 1997, C. Watts (4 SAMA); Kiola Forest Pk., 15 km N Batemans Bay, wet sclerophyll litter, elev. 20 m, 35 ° 42 ' S, 150 ° 11 ' E, 30 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (SBP 119) (14 ANIC); O’Sullivan Gap Res., 11 km NE Buladelah, flight intercept trap, sclerophyll forest (wet), elev. 50 m, 32 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 13 ' E, 11 June – 27 August 1982, S. & J. Peck (1 ANIC); Royal National Park, stream drift, FMHD # 83 - 265, 34 ° 3 ' S, 151 ° 3 ' E, 14 July 1983, L. E. Watrous (1 FMNH); Sydney, Griffith Collection [no date], 33 ° 52 ' S, 151 ° 12 ' E, (1 PZC); Queensland, 30 km NE Brisbane, Mt. Nebo Road, Pond, ca. 200 m, Sclerophyll forest, elev. 540 m, 27 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 1) (6 NMW); Eungella N. P., 21 ° 11 ' S, 148 ° 31 ' E, 1 – 30 August 1996, J. S. Denton (2 NMW); Eungella N. P., Broken River Track, elev. 720 m, 21 ° 11 ' S, 148 ° 31 ' E, 13 November 1996, L. Hendrich (23) (6 NMW); Eungella National Park, end of Dalrymple Road, puddle, 21 ° 2 ' S, 148 ° 34 ' E, 16 March 1997, P. Zwick (21 PZC); Victoria, Simpson Creek, 12 km SW Orbost, 37 ° 44 ' S, 148 ° 20 ' E, 16 January 1997, C. Watts (16 SAMA); Woori Yallock Creek east of Melbourne, on road to Warburton, 37 ° 44 ' S, 145 ° 29 ' E, 10 November 1972, P. Zwick (1 PZC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD5FFA8FF37FF07FEFB3068.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Wallaman Falls, 5 km E, 18 ° 58 ' S, 146 ° 14 ' E, 6 November 1995, C. Watts. Deposited in the SAMA. Paratypes (141): New South Wales, Gilgandra, 31 ° 42 ' S, 148 ° 40 ' E, 19 November 1992, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Queensland, 20 miles N. of Cairns, Cascade Creek, pot-hole pool in rock, 16 ° 44 ' S, 145 ° 39 ' E, 11 June 1954, M Laird (4 BMNH); 30 km NE Brisbane, Mt. Nebo Road, Pond, ca. 200 m, Sclerophyll forest, elev. 540 m, 27 ° 24 ' S, 152 ° 48 ' E, 21 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 1) (3 NMW); 40 km SSE Brisbane, Mt. Tambourine N. P., Cedar Creek, 27 ° 55 ' S, 153 ° 11 ' E, 22 August 2004, M. A. Jäch (AU 4) (5 NMW); Cathu State Forest, Jaxut, Kangaroo Creek, 20 ° 49 ' S, 148 ° 33 ' E, 17 March 1997, P. Zwick (54 PZC); Eungella N. P., Broken River Track, elev. 720 m, 21 ° 11 ' S, 148 ° 31 ' E, 13 November 1996, L. Hendrich (23) (1 NMW); Lamington National Park, Elabana Falls, ex. rockpool, 28 ° 15 ' S, 153 ° 9 ' E, 31 December 1997, P. D. Perkins (1 MCZ); Mount Spec National Park, falls of Little Crystal Creek at Paluma Road, 18 ° 58 ' S, 146 ° 17 ' E, 21 March 1992, H. & P. Zwick (1 PZC); Mt. Bartle Frere, Josephine Falls, 17 ° 26 ' S, 145 ° 51 ' E, 6 April 1997, H. & P. Zwick (1 NMW); Mt. Lewis Rd., edge of rainforest, malaise trap, elev. 1000 m, 16 ° 37 ' S, 145 ° 21 ' E, 17 – 24 February 1984, L. Masner (1 CMNO); SW of Tully, pools below Murray Falls, 18 ° 9 ' S, 145 ° 49 ' E, 23 March 1992, H. & P. Zwick (23 PZC); Townsville, 20 km S, 19 ° 21 ' S, 146 ° 55 ' E, 6 November 1995, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Wallaman Falls, 5 km E, 18 ° 58 ' S, 146 ° 14 ' E, 6 November 1995, C. Watts (45 SAMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD5FFA8FF37FF07FEFB3068.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Differentiated from other large (size ca. 2.05 mm), coarsely punctate species, by the large, smooth and shining interstices on the pronotal disc, the large, narrowly separated plaques, the coarsely punctate elytra with serial punctures not striate-impressed, and the wide explanate elytral margin (Fig. 180). Males have the protibiae weakly bent, and the metatibiae are slender and do not have brushes. The aedeagus is quite distinct (Fig. 185).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD5FFA8FF37FF07FEFB3068.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 2.03 / 0.88; head 0.31 / 0.47; pronotum 0.50 / 0.65, PA 0.54, PB 0.59; elytra 1.24 / 0.88. Dorsum dark brown, head darker brown or piceous, margins of pronotum slightly lighter, legs brown, tips of femur darker, palpi light brown, tip not darker. Frons finely punctate, punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices ca. 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate laterally, finely sparsely punctate medially. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum anteriorly and posteriorly densely coarsely punctate, interstices narrow walls forming reticulate pattern; punctures distinctly sparser on portions of disc, interstices ca. 2 – 5 xpd; punctures much larger than, ca. 5 – 7 xpd, those of frons; PF 1 absent; PF 2 shallow; PF 3 and PF 4 moderately deep, broad. Elytral punctures largest near base, about equal size of largest pronotal punctures, becoming smaller posteriorly. Intervals not raised, shining, width on disc ca. 2 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Explanate margin wide. Apices in dorsal aspect weakly separately rounded, in posterior aspect margins forming marked angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 2 / 5 / 0.6. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately wide, l / w ca. 3 / 2, sides parallel or slightly diverging toward blunt apex. Plaques large, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of median depression, plaques wider posteriorly than anteriorly, separated by less than plaque width. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle non-asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin 1.5 x P 2. Protibia (male) weakly arcuate; mesotibia simple; metatibia very slender, very weakly sinuate, without setal brushes. Abdominal apex asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 185) main-piece with large, strongly sclerotized process on ventral surface, near base; apical part of main-piece extended in thin, shield-like, arcuate piece that covers part of ventral face; left paramere wide, tapering at distal end, with three groups of setae; right paramere bifid, with three groups of setae. Female last tergite subrectangular, with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD5FFA8FF37FF07FEFB3068.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the pronotal sculpture: the interstices are generally very smooth, and in places the punctures seem to disappear in places, as if by melting.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD5FFA8FF37FF07FEFB3068.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from eastern Queensland and one interior locality in New South Wales (Fig. 247).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD4FFA8FF37FE47FE6E36CE.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, Mining Camp, Mitchell Plateau, 14 ° 49 ' S, 125 ° 50 ' E, ex. yellow tray, 9 – 19 May 1983, I. Naumann, J. Cardale. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD4FFA8FF37FE47FE6E36CE.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of the nearly hexagonal pronotum, which is widest at midlength, the coarse, dense punctation of the pronotum and elytra, the nearly parallel-sided elytra with wide explanate margin, and the widely separated plaques (Fig. 186). The metatibiae of males are simple. The aedeagus (Fig. 189) shows some similarity in basic form to the aedeagi of H. darwini and H. forticollis (Figs. 190, 191); the pronotum is shaped differently in the three species. The pronotum of H. cubista is similar in shape to that of H. hamifera (Fig. 160), but the two species differ markedly in many other characters, and the aedeagi show no relationship.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD4FFA8FF37FE47FE6E36CE.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.50 / 0.66; head 0.24 / 0.37; pronotum 0.38 / 0.53, PA 0.42, PB 0.45; elytra 0.93 / 0.66. Head piceous, pronotum and elytra dark brown, legs and palpi brown, tip of palpi not darkened. Head dull, microreticulate, frons punctures ca. 1.5 xef; interstices 0.5 – 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum weakly shining, microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum widest at midlength. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures on disc ca. 2 – 3 xpd those of frons, interstices generally narrow walls forming reticulate pattern, slightly sparser on portion of disc; PF 1 absent; PF 2 small, moderately deep, separated by about width of fovea. PF 3 and PF 4 shallow, wide. Elytral nearly parallel-sided, punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Explanate margin moderately wide, continuing posteriorly to near apices. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded to subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins forming angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 3 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 3, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median elongate subtriangular depression, plaques nearly parallel, wider posteriorly than anteriorly, not raised. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur (male) with small, sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia very weakly arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex; mesotibia simple; metatibia slender, straight, without setal brushes. Abdominal apex asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 189) main-piece with large, strongly sclerotized process on ventral surface, near base; left paramere large, widest near midlength, with setae in two groups, also with small tubercles near base and in arcuate row along part of ventral margin; right paramere long, with setae in three groups, distal part widened and forming small lobe on ventral margin. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD4FFA8FF37FE47FE6E36CE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the angular shapes of the pronotum, and the parallel-sided elytra.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFD4FFA8FF37FE47FE6E36CE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in the Mitchell Plateau, northeastern Western Australia (Fig. 262).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB7FF37FF07FE6A3736.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Darwin, 12 ° 27 ' S, 130 ° 50 ' E, 13 May 1963, C. H. S. Watts. Deposited in the SAMA. Paratypes (26): Northern Territory, Same data as holotype (24 SAMA); Holmes Jungle, 11 km NE by E of Darwin, 12 ° 24 ' S, 130 ° 56 ' E, 24 March 1998, C. H. S. Watts (2 SAMA).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB7FF37FF07FE6A3736.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of the coarsely, densely punctate pronotum, the confluent pronotal foveae PF 2, the pronotum widest at midlength, and the nearly parallel-sided elytra (Fig. 187). The metatibiae of males are simple. Most similar to H. cubista (Fig. 186); differing therefrom by the pronotal shape, the confluent pronotal foveae PF 2, and the aedeagal form (Figs. 189, 190).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB7FF37FF07FE6A3736.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.39 / 0.56; head 0.22 / 0.32; pronotum 0.35 / 0.45, PA 0.36, PB 0.41; elytra 0.82 / 0.56. Head piceous, pronotum and elytra brown to dark brown, legs brown, palpi light brown, tip of palpi not darkened. Head dull, microreticulate, frons punctures ca. 1.5 xef; interstices 0.5 – 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum weakly shining, microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum widest at midlength. Pronotum densely coarsely punctate, punctures on disc ca. 2 – 3 xpd those of frons, interstices generally narrow walls forming reticulate pattern, slightly sparser on portion of disc; PF 1 absent; PF 2 small, shallow, united by very shallow impression. PF 3 moderately deep, wide; PF 4 absent. Elytral nearly parallel-sided, punctures about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded to subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins forming angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 3 / 2. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 5 / 2, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques narrow, not raised, located in posterior 7 / 10 of metaventrite on sides of deep median elongate subtriangular depression, plaques nearly parallel, wider posteriorly than anteriorly. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur (male) with small, sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia very weakly arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex; mesotibia simple; metatibia slender, straight, without setal brushes. Abdominal apex asymmetrical. Aedeagus (Fig. 190) main-piece with large, strongly sclerotized process on ventral surface, near base; left paramere very large, with setae in two groups, apical group strong and long, group on ventral margin very short and weak; right paramere long, with setae in three groups, distal part widened and forming small lobe on ventral margin. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae slender, tapering.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB7FF37FF07FE6A3736.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the evolutionary biologist, and the locality of origin.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB7FF37FF07FE6A3736.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from two narrowly separated localities near Darwin, northern Northern Territory (Fig. 261).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB6FF37F912FE6E3400.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Western Australia, 4 km W of King Cascade, CALM Site 28 / 3 [Western Australian Department of Conservation and Land Management], 15 ° 38 ' S, 125 ° 15 ' E, at light, open forest, 12 – 16 June 1988, T. A. Weir. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB6FF37F912FE6E3400.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized by the combination of the broad body form, the transverse pronotum which is microreticulate between the coarse punctures, the wide explanate margin of the elytra, and the widely separated plaques (Fig. 188). The metatibiae of males are simple. The aedeagus (Fig. 191) shows some simi- larity in basic form to the aedeagi of H. darwini and H. cubista (Figs. 189, 190); the pronotum is shaped differently in all three species, and only H. forticollis has microreticulate pronotal interstices.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB6FF37F912FE6E3400.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.32 / 0.65; head 0.21 / 0.36; pronotum 0.36 / 0.51, PA 0.40, PB 0.44; elytra 0.82 / 0.65. Head piceous, pronotum and elytra dark brown, legs and palpi brown, tip of palpi not darkened. Head dull, microreticulate, frons punctures ca. 1.5 xef; interstices 0.5 – 1 xpd. Clypeus microreticulate. Mentum and postmentum weakly shining, microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum widest at midlength. Pronotum microreticulate, densely, moderately coarsely punctate, punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices generally 1 xpd or slightly less; punctures denser anteriorly and posteriorly, sometimes narrow walls forming reticulate pattern; PF 1 absent; PF 2 small, moderately deep, separated by about width of fovea. PF 3 and PF 4 shallow, wide. Elytral punctures on disc about equal size of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, width ca. 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Explanate margin moderately wide, continuing posteriorly to near apices; lateral margin arcuate. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded to subtruncate, in posterior aspect margins forming angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 2 / 1 / 2 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina angulate in profile. P 2 moderately narrow, l / w ca. 2 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques short and narrow, located on posterior sides of median depression, converging slightly anteriorly, not raised. No midlongitudinal carina between mesoventral intercoxal process and plaques. Cuticle asperite under hydrofuge pubescence. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Profemur (male) with small, sharp tubercle on medial surface near basal 1 / 3; protibia very weakly arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex; mesotibia simple; metatibia slender, straight, without setal brushes. Last tergite cap-like, with asymmetrical concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 191) main-piece with large, strongly sclerotized process on ventral surface, near base; left paramere very large, with setae in two groups, apical group longer and clustered, group along ventral margin very short and sparse, in a row, three small tubercles near base; right paramere long, with setae in three groups, distal part widened and forming small lobe on ventral margin. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB6FF37F912FE6E3400.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the comparatively large prothorax.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCBFFB6FF37F912FE6E3400.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality near King Cascade, in northeastern Western Australia (Fig. 260).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC9FFB4FF37FECFFCD230E0.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Howard Springs, 24 km S of Darwin [ca. 12 ° 28 ' S, 131 ° 3 ' E] [labels: 12.28 S 131.03 E // Howard Springs, N. T., 24 km S of Darwin 10. xi. 72, rainforest, at light, E. Britton // [pink label] // Holotype // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena trapezoidalis Zwick Holo-Typus des. P. Zwick 1977]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC9FFB4FF37FECFFCD230E0.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized from other members of the trapezoidalis Group by the combination of small size (ca. 1.19 mm), the shorter, less widely separated plaques, and the fasciate pronotum. Differs additionally from H. ruinosa by the shorter elytra with more broadly rounded apices, and from H. fundata by the thicker metatibiae (Figs 192, 193, 195). The aedeagus is distinctive (Figs. 196, 197).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC9FFB4FF37FECFFCD230E0.taxon	description	Description. Size: holotype (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.19 / 0.54; head 0.20 / 0.31; pronotum 0.32 / 0.43, PA 0.31, PB 0.43; elytra 0.73 / 0.54. Head piceous; pronotum with large dark brown to piceous fascia, bordered narrowly anteriorly and posteriorly by testaceous; elytra dark brown; maxillary palpi and legs testaceous. Dorsum strongly shining. Frons punctures near eyes slightly less than 1 xef, much finer and very sparse on disc. Clypeus very finely sparsely punctate on disc, very weakly, effacedly microreticulate laterally. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum finely punctate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum very finely, very sparsely punctate; PF 1, PF 2 and PF 4 absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures very fine and very sparse, becoming obsolete over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, strongly shining. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointy rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderately strong angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 4 / 2 / 6 / 2. P 1 slightly wider than laminate; median carina straight in profile. P 2 weakly concave, moderately wide, l / w ca. 5 / 3, sides parallel or slightly divergent, apex blunt. Plaques large, convergent and nearly confluent anteriorly, located on sides of moderately deep median triangular depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin less than 2 x P 2. Protibia weakly arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex. Mesotibia and metatibia slender, simple. Last sternite symmetrical or nearly so; last tergite with small apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Figs. 196, 197) main-piece distally extending in process that carries short gonopore bearing flagellum; distal piece with bilobed process on left side, rounded process with hair-like bristles on right side, behind which is striated lobe, visible in lateral view; left paramere longer than right, setae at apex and continuing along ventral margin; right paramere with setae at rounded apex. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae on disc slender, tapering, setae along margin slender, tips blunt and bent ventrad, not forming a discrete line of setae as in the luridipennis Group.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC9FFB4FF37FECFFCD230E0.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northern Northern Territory, plus one locality in the ' center' and two closely spaced localities in northwestern Queensland (Fig. 247).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC9FFB4FF37FECFFCD230E0.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Upon study of the holotype and paratype, I found that the undissected female (i. e., the paratype) was mounted on the pin with the holotype label and the male genitalia mount, whereas the dissected male (i. e., the holotype) was mounted on the pin with the paratype labels. I have switched the specimens, so they are with the proper labels. The male genitalia is in water soluble glue on the card with the holotype.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC9FFB4FF37FECFFCD230E0.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (12): Northern Territory, 10 mi E of Daly River, at light, 13 ° 45 ' S, 130 ° 51 ' E, 28 June 1972, B. K. Head (1 SAMA); Howard Springs, 24 km S of Darwin, rain forest, at light, 12 ° 28 ' S, 131 ° 3 ' E, 10 November 1972, E. Britton (1 ANIC); Kakadu N. P., Gungurul Lookout, creek, elev. 50 m, 13 ° 59 ' S, 132 ° 19 ' E, 1 November 1996, L. Hendrich (7 NMW); Serpentine Gorge, West Macdonnells N. P., permanent rocky pools, sandy bottom, overhanging and floating vegetation, 23 ° 44 ' S, 132 ° 59 ' E, 8 March 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); Queensland, Murrays Spring, 8 km W by N of Musselbrook Mining Camp, large pool in rocky creek bed, sandy bottom water lillies, Pandanus, algal growth, 18 ° 35 ' S, 138 ° 3 ' E, 9 – 20 May 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC); Musselbrook Creek, 2 km S of Musselbrook Mining Camp, large pool in rocky creek, sandy bottom, 18 ° 37 ' S, 138 ° 8 ' E, 9 May 1995, T. Weir (1 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC8FFB3FF37FDD5FB093248.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): New South Wales, Nepean River [ca. 33 ° 43 ' S, 150 ° 39 ' E] [labels: " Nepean R. 7.9.29 H J C // Hydraena simplicicollis lkb. // [pink label] // Holotype // Paratype // Aedeagus drawn by P. D. Perkins // DIGITAL IMAGE captured 2004 P. D. Perkins // Hydraena ruinosa Zwick Holo- Typus des. P. Zwick 1977 "]. Deposited in the ANIC.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC8FFB3FF37FDD5FB093248.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in some characters to H. fundata; differing therefrom by the flatter, more elongate body form with more sharply rounded elytral apices, the thicker metatibiae, and the smaller size (ca. 1.31 vs 1.40 mm) (Figs. 192 – 194) The aedeagi of the two species differ markedly (Figs. 198 – 201).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC8FFB3FF37FDD5FB093248.taxon	description	Description [based in part on male specimen from Victoria, Kangaroo Creek; holotype is fragmentary]. Size: (length / width, mm): body (length to elytral apices) 1.31 / 0.55; head 0.20 / 0.32; pronotum 0.31 / 0.45, PA 0.36, PB 0.45; elytra 0.80 / 0.55. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum with large dark brown macula surrounded by testaceous; elytra dark brown; maxillary palpi and legs testaceous. Dorsum strongly shining. Frons punctures near eyes ca. 1 xef, much finer and very sparse on disc. Clypeus very finely sparsely punctate on disc, very weakly, effacedly microreticulate laterally. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum very finely, very sparsely punctate; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 very shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures very fine and very sparse, becoming obsolete over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, strongly shining. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointy rounded, in posterior aspect margins form weak angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 8 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina straight in profile. P 2 short and moderately wide, l / w ca. 4 / 3, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques large, convergent and nearly confluent anteriorly, located on sides of deep median triangular depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin less than 2 x P 2. Protibia weakly arcuate on lateral margin, widest at about distal 2 / 3, medial margin at widest point with small spine. Mesotibia and metatibia slender, simple. Last sternite symmetrical; last tergite with very small apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 198 – 200) main-piece distally with medially bent process on right side; distal piece, in ventral view, with three terminal processes, the middle one with the gonopore bearing flagellum, the right most process forming a large lobe in lateral view; left paramere longer than right, sparse, long setae at apex and continuing along part of ventral margin; right paramere inserting much more distally than left paramere, with setae at acute apex and along part of ventral margin. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae on disc slender, tapering, setae along margin slender, tips blunt and bent ventrad, not forming a discrete line of setae as in the luridipennis Group; gonocoxite and spermatheca as illustrated (Figs. 224, 231).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC8FFB3FF37FDD5FB093248.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely, but very sparsely, distributed from Tasmania to northern Queensland (Fig. 246).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC8FFB3FF37FDD5FB093248.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The color and plaque configuration of the single female available for study (paratype) do not differ significantly from those characters of males. The aedeagus of the holotype is missing the left paramere and the distal process tip is missing. I have illustrated the aedeagus of the holotype, and that of a specimen from Victoria, Kangaroo Creek (Figs. 198, 199).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC8FFB3FF37FDD5FB093248.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined (87): New South Wales, 2 km N Batemans Bay, 35 ° 43 ' S, 150 ° 12 ' E, 18 April 1997, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Gilgandra, 31 ° 42 ' S, 148 ° 40 ' E, 19 November 1992, C. Watts (24 SAMA); Nepean River, 33 ° 43 ' S, 150 ° 39 ' E, 7 September 1929, H. J. Carter (1 ANIC); Prospect / St. Mary's Road, 33 ° 47 ' S, 150 ° 55 ' E, 24 March 1965, M. E. Bacchus (MEB 212) (12 BMNH); Queensland, 4 km S Yungaburra, 17 ° 17 ' S, 145 ° 34 ' E, 6 November 1990, D. Larson (33 MCZ); Harlin, 26 ° 58 ' S, 152 ° 21 ' E, 26 February 1938, A. May (1 QDPC); Tasmania, Nile River, 5 km NE of Deddington, cobble-bank of small river; remnant sclerophyll forest, pasture, elev. 275 m, 41 ° 34 ' S, 147 ° 28 ' E, 17 February 2000, N. Porch (72) (2 ANIC); Victoria, Cann River, flood debris, 37 ° 29 ' S, 149 ° 9 ' E, 20 – 25 May 1978, S. & J. Peck (1 ANIC); Healesville, Dandenong Ranges, 37 ° 39 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 1 – 30 December 1968, C. Watts (8 SAMA); Kangaroo Creek on Springhill Rd., 5.8 km E Glenlyon, amongst weeds in shallow water at edge of creek (perennial) pools, dry sclerophyll forest, elev. 510 m, 37 ° 18 ' S, 144 ° 18 ' E, 31 January 1999, N. Porch (NP 24 a) (1 ANIC); Kororoit Creek, at Sydenham / Melton Road, organic mud and litter at edge of pool in dry creek in pasture and degraded riverine forest, elev. 110 m, 37 ° 41 ' S, 144 ° 38 ' E, 17 February 2002, N. Porch (91) (3 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCFFFB2FF37FC27FA913308.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Hann Tableland, 13 km WNW Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 31, flight intercept trap, 16 ° 55 ' S, 145 ° 15 ' E, 17 January 1989 – 17 February 1990, Storey & Dickinson. Deposited in the QMBA. Paratypes (4): Northern Territory, Kakadu N. P., Gungurul Lookout, creek, elev. 50 m, 13 ° 59 ' S, 132 ° 19 ' E, 1 November 1996, L. Hendrich (1 NMW); Queensland, 6 km W Dimbulah, 17 ° 8 ' S, 145 ° 6 ' E, 10 November 1990, D. Larson (1 MCZ); Batavia Downs, Flight intercept trap, 12 ° 41 ' S, 142 ° 41 ' E, 23 August 1992, P. Zborowski & J. Cardale (1 ANIC); Bruce Hwy. nr Childers, 10 km N Howard, creeks, 25 ° 14 ' S, 152 ° 16 ' E, 17 November 1996, L. Hendrich (1 NMW).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCFFFB2FF37FC27FA913308.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Similar in some characters to H. ruinosa; differing therefrom by the more convex body form with less sharply rounded elytral apices, the thinner metatibiae, and the larger size (ca. 1.40 vs 1. 31 mm) (Figs. 192, 193) The aedeagi of the two species differ markedly (Figs. 198, 201).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCFFFB2FF37FC27FA913308.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.40 / 0.63; head 0.22 / 0.35; pronotum 0.36 / 0.51, PA 0.39, PB 0.51; elytra 0.87 / 0.63. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum with large dark brown to piceous diffusely margined, macula surrounded by testaceous; elytra dark brown; maxillary palpi and legs testaceous. Dorsum strongly shining. Frons punctures near eyes ca. 1 xef, much finer and very sparse on disc. Clypeus very finely sparsely punctate on disc, very weakly, effacedly microreticulate laterally. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum very finely, very sparsely punctate; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 extremely shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures very fine and very sparse, becoming obsolete over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, strongly shining. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form moderate angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 8 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly sinuate in profile. P 2 short, moderately wide, l / w ca. 3 / 3, sides slightly convergent, apex blunt. Plaques large, tapering anteriorly, convergent and nearly confluent anteriorly, located on sides of deep median triangular depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin less than 2 x P 2. Legs simple; metatibia very slender, straight. Last sternite symmetrical; last tergite with small apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 201) somewhat Y-shaped; main-piece distally extending on right side in process that carries gonopore bearing flagellum, also with short, ventrally projecting process on right side margin; distal piece, in ventral view, with two semicircular lobes, separated from one another, and a pointed lobe on the left most margin; left paramere longer than right, setae sparse, at apex and continuing along ventral margin; right paramere inserting much more distally than left paramere, with setae at acute apex and along ventral margin. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCFFFB2FF37FC27FA913308.taxon	etymology	Etymology. " Establish a basis, foundation "; named in reference to the wide pronotal base.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCFFFB2FF37FC27FA913308.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northern Queensland and northern Northern Territory (Fig. 245).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCEFFB1FF37FDCFFD5E3038.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Victoria, Simpson Creek, 12 km SW Orbost, 37 ° 44 ' S, 148 ° 20 ' E, 16 January 1997, C. Watts. Deposited in the SAMA. Paratype: New South Wales, Unumgar S. F. (nr. Grevillia), Coxs Rd., subtropical rainforest, flight intercept (window) trap, FMHD # 87 - 175, elev. 580 m, 28 ° 27 ' S, 152 ° 45 ' E, 2 – 11 January 1987, A. Newton & M. Thayer (789) (1 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCEFFB1FF37FDCFFD5E3038.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Recognized from other members of the trapezoidalis Group by the narrower pronotum, the more coarsely punctate frons and pronotum, the more abrupt posterior declivity of the elytra, and, in males, the decumbent brush of setae on the metatibia (Fig. 203). The aedeagus is very distinctive (Fig. 202).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCEFFB1FF37FDCFFD5E3038.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.63 / 0.69; head 0.23 / 0.37; pronotum 0.42 / 0.51, PA 0.42, PB 0.51; elytra 0.99 / 0.69. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum with large dark brown macula surrounded by testaceous; elytra dark brown; legs brown; maxillary palpi testaceous. Dorsum strongly shining. Frons punctures comparatively large, ca. 2 xef, interstices ca. 1 xpd, punctures fairly uniform in size across frons, not distinctly smaller on disc. Clypeus very finely sparsely punctate on disc, very weakly, effacedly microreticulate laterally. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum moderately finely, sparsely punctate on disc, punctures smaller than frons punctures, punctures slightly larger anteriorly and posteriorly; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 extremely shallow, almost absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures fine and sparse, ca. 1 xpd those on frons disc. Intervals not raised, strongly shining. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form weak angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 8 / 3. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly sinuate in profile. P 2 short, moderately wide, l / w ca. 3 / 3, sides parallel or nearly so, apex blunt. Plaques large, tapering anteriorly, convergent but not confluent anteriorly, located on sides of deep median triangular depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin less than 2 x P 2. Protibia gradually increasing in width to about distal 2 / 3, then excavate on medial margin, a short spine at base of excavation; mesotibia simple; metatibia slender, medial margin weakly emarginate and bearing brush of sparse, moderately short setae over distal 3 / 4. Last sternite very slightly asymmetrical; last tergite with small slightly off-center concavity. Aedeagus (Fig. 202) twisted counter clockwise in relation to very large, asymmetrical basal opening, hence right paramere visible in lateral view but not ventral view; main-piece with short, strong process on right side at apex; distal piece with short gonopore bearing flagellum, and several large lobes; left paramere longer and much wider than right, straight, with about seven thick setae in row along ventral margin, and two groups of two very short fine setae on dorsal margin; right paramere inserting distal to insertion of left paramere, slightly arcuate, with setae at rounded, slightly widened, apex. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCEFFB1FF37FDCFFD5E3038.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the wide pronotal base, and the equal measurements of length and apical width.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCEFFB1FF37FDCFFD5E3038.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from two widely separated localities, one each in southeastern Victoria and northeastern New South Wales (Fig. 257).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCDFFB1FF37FE17FF3C36CE.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, 15 km NE Mareeba, MDPI intercept trap site No. 25, flight intercept trap, elev. 400 m, 16 ° 56 ' S, 145 ° 32 ' E, 7 January – 12 February 1985, Storey & Halfpapp. Deposited in the QMBA). Paratypes (46): Northern Territory, Kakadu N. P., Gungurul Lookout, creek, elev. 50 m, 13 ° 59 ' S, 132 ° 19 ' E, 1 November 1996, L. Hendrich (41 NMW); Kakadu N. P., Nawurlandja, 12 ° 49 ' S, 132 ° 51 ' E, 18 March 1998, C. Watts (1 SAMA); Queensland, Mareeba, elev. 700 m, 16 ° 59 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, 22 January 1993, Wewalka (18) (3 NMW); Normanby River, water sweep, 15 ° 18 ' S, 144 ° 51 ' E, 27 June 1993, P. Zborowski & I. Naumann (1 ANIC).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCDFFB1FF37FE17FF3C36CE.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. Externally similar in some characters to H. fundata; differing therefrom by the larger size (ca. 1.61 vs. 1.40 mm), the fasciate instead of maculate pronotum, the weakly emarginate sides of the pronotum, the broader elytra, and the more truncate elytral apices (Figs. 193, 204). The male genitalia of the two species are very dissimilar (Figs. 201, 207).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCDFFB1FF37FE17FF3C36CE.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.61 / 0.72; head 0.24 / 0.38; pronotum 0.42 / 0.56, PA 0.44, PB 0.56; elytra 0.97 / 0.72. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum with large dark brown to piceous fascia, bordered narrowly anteriorly and posteriorly by testaceous; elytra dark brown; maxillary palpi and legs testaceous. Dorsum strongly shining. Frons punctures near eyes ca. 1 xef, much finer and very sparse on disc. Clypeus very finely sparsely punctate on disc, very weakly, effacedly microreticulate laterally. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotum very finely, very sparsely punctate; PF 1, PF 2 and PF 4 absent; PF 3 shallow, broad. Elytral punctures very fine and very sparse, becoming obsolete over posterior declivity. Intervals not raised, strongly shining. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointy truncate, in posterior aspect margins form strong arc with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 3 / 2 / 8 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly sinuate in profile. P 2 short, moderately wide, l / w ca. 3 / 3, sides slightly convergent, apex blunt. Plaques large, tapering anteriorly, convergent and nearly confluent anteriorly, located on sides of deep median triangular depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin less than 2 x P 2. Legs simple; metatibia very slender, straight. Last sternite slightly asymmetrical, with very small apical lobe; last tergite nearly circular, positioned vertically and slightly within penultimate tergite, margin with slightly off-center, reflexed lobe, concave beneath. Aedeagus (Fig. 207) twisted clockwise in relation to very large, asymmetrical basal opening, hence left paramere visible in lateral view but not ventral view; distal piece with long gonopore bearing flagellum that is angulate near base; right side of distal piece, in lateral view, with large, sail-shaped process that is behind left paramere; left paramere much longer than right, arcuate, with about six setae at apex; right paramere inserting only very slightly distal to insertion of left paramere, with setae at rounded, slightly widened, apex. Female last tergite with three incisions, delimiting four lobes, setae very long, slender, tapering; gonocoxite as illustrated (Fig. 225).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCDFFB1FF37FE17FF3C36CE.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of Phillip L. Metzen, long-time friend and fellow sailing enthusiast.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCDFFB1FF37FE17FF3C36CE.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known from northeastern Queensland and northern Northern Territory (Fig. 257).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCCFFB0FF37FE6AFEFB3625.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Queensland, Mt. Hemmant, elev. 1050 m, 16 ° 7 ' S, 145 ° 25 ' E, rainforest, sieved leaf litter & moss, QM berlesate No. 865, 27 November 1993, G. Monteith & H. Janetzki. Deposited in the QMBA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCCFFB0FF37FE6AFEFB3625.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. An unusual species, recognized by the proportionally large and transverse pronotum, the very uniform pronotal punctation, the nearly parallel-sided body form (Fig. 205), and the very large, very narrowly separated plaques. The aedeagus is not easily compared to that of any other species (Fig. 83).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCCFFB0FF37FE6AFEFB3625.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.40 / 0.60; head 0.20 / 0.34; pronotum 0.35 / 0.50, PA 0.40, PB 0.43; elytra 0.85 / 0.60. Head dark brown to piceous; pronotum with dark brown macula surrounded by lighter brown; elytra dark brown; legs brown; maxillary palpi light brown, tip of last palpomere not darker. Frons punctures ca. 1 xef; interstices shining on disc, 1 – 2 xpd, microreticulate laterally. Clypeus microreticulate and finely punctate. Mentum and postmentum weakly shining, microreticulate. Genae weakly raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures on disc ca. 2 xpd those of frons, interstices shining, 1 – 2 xpd, punctures slightly denser and slightly larger anteriorly and posteriorly; PF 1 absent; PF 2 very shallow, confluent forming U-shaped impression; PF 3 moderately deep, broad; PF 4 very shallow. Elytral punctures ca. 1 xpd of largest pronotal punctures. Intervals not raised, shining, ca. 1 xpd, as are interstices between punctures of a row. Apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins form very shallow or no angle with one another. Ratios of P 2 width and plaque shape (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 4 / 9 / 0.8. P 1 laminate; median carina weakly angulate in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 3 / 1, sides parallel, apex blunt. Plaques very large, raised, separated by narrow groove; each plaque almost kidney-shaped, medial margin straight, lateral margin arcuate. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 4 x apex of P 2. Protibia (male) arcuate, gradually increasing in width from base to apex; mesotibia and metatibia straight. Last tergite with apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 83) main-piece short compared with distal piece, with small process on ventral surface near base; distal piece disc-shaped, wider in lateral than ventral view, gonopore-bearing flagellum moderately long; parameres short, lobate, inserting near distal piece, with short setae; right paramere markedly bent. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCCFFB0FF37FE6AFEFB3625.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in reference to the oval metaventral plaques and the disc-like shape of the aedeagus, as seen in lateral aspect.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFCCFFB0FF37FE6AFEFB3625.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality, Mt. Hemmant, in northeastern Queensland (Fig. 256).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC3FFBFFF37FE42FA813625.taxon	materials_examined	Type Material. Holotype (male): Northern Territory, Holmes Jungle, 11 km NE by E of Darwin, 12 ° 24 ' S, 130 ° 56 ' E, 24 March 1998, C. H. S. Watts. Deposited in the SAMA.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC3FFBFFF37FE42FA813625.taxon	diagnosis	Differential Diagnosis. A very distinctive, flightless species, not easily compared to other Australian Hydraena; recognized by the narrow and flat body form, the small eyes, and the coarse pronotal punctation. The elytral punctures are very coarse, appearing to form about five irregular rows on the disc, but with " extra " punctures (i. e., remnants of previous rows) here and there, punctures becoming random posteriorly (Fig. 206). The aedeagus is also very unique (Fig. 208).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC3FFBFFF37FE42FA813625.taxon	description	Description. Size (length / width, mm) holotype: body (length to elytral apices) 1.47 / 0.53; head 0.24 / 0.30; pronotum 0.34 / 0.42, PA 0.34, PB 0.34; elytra 0.90 / 0.53. Light brown to testaceous, head slightly darker. Eyes very small, facets fine; elytra fused (flightless); body form weakly convex. Frons coarsely densely punctate; interstices shining on disc, ca. 0.5 xpd, microreticulate at lateral extreme. Clypeus shining in midline, microreticulate laterally. Mentum shining, very finely sparsely punctate; postmentum microreticulate. Genae raised, lacking posterior ridge. Pronotal punctures coarse, deep, dense, interstices shining, 0.5 – 1 xpd; PF 1 and PF 4 absent; PF 2 shallow, oblique; PF 3 moderately deep, broad. Elytra with about five very irregular " rows " of punctures on disc, rows often with side-by-side puncture pairs, punctures becoming even more random laterally and posteriorly; punctures very coarse, slightly larger than largest pronotal punctures; interpunctal areas very weakly, if at all, raised, shining, width less than puncture diameter; apices in dorsal aspect conjointly rounded, in posterior aspect margins do not form angle with one another. Plaque / intercoxal process ratios (P 2 / w / l / s) ca. 1 / 0.7 / 4 / 4. P 1 laminate; median carina straight in profile. P 2 narrow, l / w ca. 4 / 1, sides slightly convergent, apex blunt. Plaques narrow, straight lines, slightly raised, slightly convergent anteriorly, located at sides of shallow median depression. AIS flat, width at arcuate posterior margin ca. 2 x P 2. Protibia gradually increasing in width from base to apex, inner margin very weakly emarginate. Mesotibia and metatibia slender, simple. Last sternite symmetrical; last tergite with small apicomedian notch. Aedeagus (Fig. 208) main-piece with elongate, arm-like process distally; distal piece with basal bifid fimbriate process, several lobes at midlength, and terminating in gonopore-bearing flagellum; left paramere very large, inserting near base and almost as long as aedeagus, ventral margin produced in small process, setae sparse, along ventral and dorsal margins; right paramere moderately large, inserting above left paramere, enlarge distally, setae in two groups. Females not yet known.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC3FFBFFF37FE42FA813625.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named in honor of the collector, Chris Watts.	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
038187DBFFC3FFBFFF37FE42FA813625.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently known only from the type locality in northern Northern Territory (Fig. 250).	en	PERKINS, PHILIP D. (2007): A revision of the Australian species of the water beetle genus Hydraena Kugelann (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae). Zootaxa 1489 (1): 1-207, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1489.1.1
