taxonID	type	description	language	source
03803B45FFD7273EFF0CFB43D223802C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species: Spinestis nikita Saaristo & Marusik, sp. n. from the Crimea. Etymology: Derived from the words " spine " and " Tapinesthis " (an oonopid genus with a somewhat similar palp). Th e gender is feminine. Composition: Only the type species. Diagnosis: Members of this new genus can be easily distinguished from all know Palaearctic (at least Western Palaearctic) Oonopidae molles, by having 6 pairs of ventral tibial spines on legs I and II (Fig. 9). Th e male palp is similar to that of Tapinesthis inermis (which belongs to a spineless genus) due to the conical structure of the bulb (Fig. 27), but differs in having a stylus on the psembolus. Th e female genital area is also rather different from other West Palaearctic Oonopidae molles, and particularly from the sympatric Oonops pulcher (sensu Thaler 1981), in lacking a distinct translucent receptacle. Th e endogyna with a thin, long, tube like receptaculum serves to easily differentiate Spinestis, gen. n. from all other Mediterranean Oonopidae. Description: As for the type species. Relationships. In terms of the habitus, this new genus resembles the generotypes of Oonops Templeton, 1835 and Oonopinus Simon, 1893. These three genera are similar in having lock-spines on the first two pairs of legs, and a stylus on the psembolus (only one European species attributed to Oonops, O. domesticus Dalmas, 1916, lacks a stylus. However, there are several significant differences: 1) Spinestis, gen. n. has a greater number of tibial spines (6 pairs) than any other oonopids (4 – 5 pairs in European Oonops sensu lato and Oonopinus); 2) Th e stylus (St) of the psembolus is fixed (unflexible) and strongly turned (it is flexible in Oonops pulcher, and never turned in Oonopinus); 3) All Oonops sensu lato and Oonopinus have a globular bulb, and the base of the psembolus is easily visible (Figs 28 – 29), whereas in the new genus the bulb is conical and the origin of the psembolus is inconspicuous. In addition, the vulva of Spinestis, gen. n. has an unusually long “ receptacle ” (Se), which has no widening in the terminal region. The palpal bulb of the new species resembles that of Tapinesthis inermis (Fig. 23) and the recently described Megaoonops avrona Saaristo, 2007. In all three species it is conical, but all other characters are entirely different. T. inermis has no leg spines, has a more or less distinct pattern on the carapace (Fig. 12), a simple psembolus lacking a stylus (Figs 13, 27), with its opening on the tapering tip as in Orchestina flagella Saaristo et van Harten, 2006 or Segestria spp. (Segestriidae). Th e new genus differs from M. avrona in having lockspines and by lacking spines on legs III and IV, having much shorter legs, possessing a stylus and several other characters. Females of the three genera have very different genitalia. In T. inermis the epigastric scutum is covered with dense hairs and has a large translucent pattern (Fig. 14). In M. avrona the receptacula are situated far from the epigastric furrow (Fig. 19). Aside from Oonops s. l., Oonopinus and Spinestis, gen. n., lock-spines are known in Ischnothyreus Simon, 1893, Ischnothyrella Saaristo, 2001 and Liyonneta Benoit, 1979, These genera belong to two different genus groups of scutate oonopids (Saaristo 2001). At present, it is unclear which genus of Oonopidae is most closely related to Spinestis, gen. n. on the basis of morphology, but the genus is more similar to Oonops and Oonopinus (due to presence of lock-spines, a stylus and in the shape of the epigyne) than it is to Tapinesthis or Megaoonops. Distribution. South Crimea only, western and eastern shores.	en	Saaristo, Michael, Marusik, Yuri (2009): A new species and genus of oonopid spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Ukraine. ZooKeys 24 (24): 63-74, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.278
03803B45FFD4273BFF0BFA14D2D38066.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 10, 20 – 22 Material examined: Holotype ♁ and paratypes 2 ♀ with label “ UKRAINE, the Crimea, Nikita Vill., Nikitski Botanical Garden, 44 ° 30´N 34 ° 14´E, 5 – 70 m, 11.03.2002 leg. Ι St 2 3 La St La 4 Tr Se 5 Sp Figures Ι – 5. Copulatory organs of Spinestis nikita, sp. n.; Ι – 3 – male palp, retrolateral, dorsal and pro- lateral views respectively 4 – 5 – endogyna after maceration, ventral view. Scales = 0.1 mm. Yu. M. Marusik ” (ZMMU). Other paratypes: 1 ♁ and 1 ♀ same data (MZT AA 3.728); 1 ♁ (ZMMU) “ UKRAINE, the Crimea, Cape Martyan Reserve, 44 ° 30´N 34 ° 15´E, 1 – 70 m, 10.03.2002 leg. Yu. M. Marusik “; 1 ♁ and 1 ♀ (ZMMU) “ UKRAINE, Crimea, env. of Balaclava, Aya Cape, 44 ° 29´482 ˝ N 33 ° 36´579 ˝ E, 170 m, 14.03.2002 leg. Yu. M. Marusik ”. Material was collected on open seashore slopes by sifting and hand picking among leaf and conifer needles. The exact habitat is unclear because this species was collected together with numerous Oonops pulcher Templeton, 1835 (sensu Thaler 1981), from which it seems indistinguishable in the field. Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality - Nikita Village. Diagnosis. As for genus. Description. Both sexes with uniform pale orange coloration (Figs 6 – 7), lacking any pattern. After some years in alcohol a translucent pattern appeared on the dorsal and ventral aspects of the abdomen (Fig. 6). Carapace almost as wide as long, rather Figures 6 – Ι 0. Habitus of Spinestis nikita, sp. n.; 6 – 7 female and male, respectively, dorsal view 8 – 9 female, ventral and lateral view respectively; Ι 0 male, ventral view. Scales (if indicated) = 0.1 mm. high, highest point in the posterior third (Fig. 9). Clypeus low, less than ½ of ALE diameter. Median eyes largest. Sternum shield-like (Fig. 10), unmodified, not touching the carapace. Female palp unmodified (Fig. 9). Male maxillae elongate (Fig. 10). Legs rather long, femora subequal to or longer than the carapace. Spines present on legs I and II. Femur I with 2 prolateral spines, tibiae I-II with 6 pairs of ventral spines, metatarsi I-II with 2 pairs of ventral spines (Fig. 9). Palp as in Figs 1 – 3, 10, 20 – 21, relatively long, cymbium large, as long as tibia, longer than patella. Size of bulbus subequal to length of tibia + cymbium. Bulbus conical, gradually tapering, without a clear division between the bulb itself (tegulum) and the psembolus. Psembolus with fixed stylus (St), sharply turned (as if appearing to be broken) backwards-retrolaterally, tip of stylus slightly bent, without distinct barb. Psembolus rather simple, without any spines, with one thin membranous semiround lamella (La), more easily observed in dorsal view. Figures ΙΙ – Ι 4. Habitus of Tapinesthis inermis from Belgium. ΙΙ – Ι 2 male and female, respectively, dorsal view Ι 3 – Ι 4 male and female, respectively, ventral view. Female genital area lacking outgrowths, depressions or distinct pattern (Figs 4 – 5, 22), with short translucent longitudinal band above the epigastric furrow. Hairs in the genital area sparse, long; thick, short ciliate hairs on postepigastric scutum absent. Internal part (visible after maceration) consists of a long tube-like structure (Se, Figures Ι 5 – Ι 9. Megaoonops avrona (paratypes). Ι 5 male, dorsal view Ι 6 female, frontal view Ι 7 male palp, prolateral Ι 8 male prosoma, frontal view Ι 9 genital area of female. spermathecae? sensu Burger et al. 2003) associated with a transverse plate. Behind the tube-like structure in the upper third is a transverse rectangular structure (anterior wall of the spermathecae? sensu Burger et al. 2003), seemingly connected to the tube. The rectangular structure is also associated with transverse chitinized “ wings ”. Tracheal spiracles (Sp) are situated far from the epigastric furrow, tracheae (Tr) rather thin. Measurements: ♁ - Total length 1.67, carapace: 0.71 long, 0.66 wide, 0.3 high; abdomen: 0.97 long, 0.57 wide; carapace width / length ratio 0.92, carapace height / length ratio 0.42, tibia I / carapace length ratio 0.9, femur IV / carapace length ratio Figures 20 – 23. Copulatory organs after maceration of Spinestis nikita (20 – 22), sp. n. and Tapinesthis inermis (23, from Belgium) 20 – 2 Ι male palp, prolateral and dorsal views respectively 22 – 23 endogyna. Scales (if indicated) = 0.2 mm. 1.14. Leg I: 0.71 + 0.29 + 0.64 + 0.51 + 0.29 = 2.44, Leg IV: 0.81 + 0.29 + 0.76 + 0.74 + 0.29 = 2.89, Chelicera 0.29 high, clypeus low, less than ½ of ALE diameter. ♀ - Total length 2.43, carapace 0.79 long, 0.71 wide, 0.33 high; abdomen: 1.31 long, 0.089 wide; carapace width / length ratio 0.91, carapace height / length ratio 0.42, tibia I / carapace length ratio 1.0, femur IV / carapace length ratio 1.1. Leg I: 0.74 + 0.29 + 0.79 + 0.53 + 0.29 = 2.63, Leg IV: 0.86 + 0.33 + 0.73 + 0.77 + 0.3 = 2.99. Distribution. Southern shore of the Crimean Peninsula, Ukraine.	en	Saaristo, Michael, Marusik, Yuri (2009): A new species and genus of oonopid spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Ukraine. ZooKeys 24 (24): 63-74, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.24.278
