taxonID	type	description	language	source
0383B606FF81FF89FF68E54CFEF8DE2A.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: Joaquin Felicio, ca. 14 km from the city fountain plaza, just outside of the Parque Estadual da Serra Cabral. Elevation ca. 1137 m, 17 ° 41 ’ 48.6 ’’ S, 44 ° 13 ’ 09.8 ’’ W (- 17.696833, - 44.219389), 29 January 2014, L. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5659 (holotype ESA!, isotypes HPL!, BHCB!, RB!, SP!, K!, FTG!, NY!, MO!, US!). Small palm, solitary to clustering to 40 – 50 cm. Stem short and subterranean. Leaves number 3 – 6 in the crown, sheathing leaf base ca. 8 – 12 cm long; pseudopetiole (true petiole plus part of the sheath) 9 – 17 cm long, true petiole 7.5 – 13 × 0.4 – 0.5 cm by 0.2 – 0.3 cm thick, channeled adaxially and rounded abaxially, abaxial side of petiole and rachis tomentose; rachis 26 – 34 cm long; leaflets narrow and quickly fold longitudinally on drying, slightly lighter on the abaxial surface, FIGURE. Syagrus graminifolia subsp. cabraliensis. A. whole plant, B. Palms in habitat with author, Noblick, note gravelly “ canga ” iron-rich soils in foreground, C. Infructescence, D. Inflorescence, E. Closeup of plant with inflorescence. Scale of grid on C and D = 1 cm. numbering 9 – 14 along one side, in clusters of 2 – 3 along rachis and inserted at various angles, ramenta scales or tomentum absent where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis and none along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 12 – 22 × 0.1 – 0.2 cm, middle leaflets 24 – 37 × 0.5 – 0.8 cm, apical leaflets 16 – 32 × 0.2 – 0.4 cm with an asymmetric tip. Inflorescence interfoliar, a spike, with prophyll 6 – 8 × 1.4 – 1.5 cm, 2 - keeled; peduncular bract narrow, woody, sulcate, exterior with scattered thin indumenta becoming thicker at the base of the bract, total length 19 – 31 cm and with expanded or inflated portion 9.5 – 16 cm long, 0.8 – 1.8 cm diameter and a 1.8 – 2.5 cm perimeter and a 1 mm or less thickness; peduncle glabrous ca. 10 – 17 × 0.3 – 0.4 cm; total inflorescence as measured from the first basal flower to the apex 7 – 9.5 cm long; rachis none; rachilla 1, glabrous, 7 – 9.5 cm long; staminate flowers green to yellow, arranged in triads on the lower portion or in staminate diads or singly on the upper portion of the rachilla, 5.4 – 5.9 × 2.2 – 3.3 mm at apex, 10 – 10.2 × 2.5 – 2.6 mm at base, sepals and petals 3 in number, sepals 1 – 2.4 × 0.5 – 0.7 mm, glabrous, no visible nerves, keeled and connate at the base, petals valvate, 4.4 – 5.4 × 1.2 – 2.2 mm at the apex, 7.0 – 8.2 × 1.5 – 2.0 mm at base with acute tips, nerves indistinct, stamens numbering 6, 3.0 – 3.7 mm long, anthers 2.4 – 3.3 mm long, filaments 1.0 – 1.7 mm long, pistillode trifid and nearly absent, basal pistillate flowers elongate pyramidal, glabrous, 11.5 – 11.7 × 4 – 4.4 mm (apical flowers 10 – 10.2 × 5 – 5.5 mm), sepals and petals 3 in number and yellow in color, sepals 8.7 – 9.5 × 3.6 – 4.6 mm, glabrous, no visible venation, imbricate, petals 7.7 – 9.5 × 2.5 – 3.7 mm, glabrous, obscurely nerved and slightly raised on the lower third of the petal, imbricate at the base but valvate at the tips, the valvate portion a little less than ½ the length of the petals, pistil 7.0 – 7.2 × 1.8 – 2.3 mm, glabrous, stigmas 3 in number, and ca. 3.1 – 3.6 mm long, glabrous, staminodial ring ca. 0.7 – 1.2 mm and 6 - dentate. Fruit brown with yellowish base when mature, tip glabrous, but rest of the fruit with a light to chestnut brown, scaly lepidote tomentum, ellipsoid, 1.9 – 2.2 × 1.3 – 1.5 cm, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp not measured, fleshy-fibrous and endocarp 1.6 – 1.7 × 1.2 – 1.3 cm and ca. 1 mm thick, trivittate on the interior of the endocarp, with 3 visible endocarp pores on the basal end and seed elliptical to nearly globose, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote tubular. Eophyll simple and entire. Common name: — None recorded.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF81FF89FF68E54CFEF8DE2A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The name, “ cabraliensis ”, refers to the isolated Serra do Cabral mountain range where it grows and the state park, Parque Estadual de Serra do Cabral.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF81FF89FF68E54CFEF8DE2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Serra do Cabral is located south of Montes Claros in the central northern part of Minas Gerais and is a mountainous region up to 1,500 m in elevation that is isolated from the rest of the Serra Espinhaço with a unique fauna and flora. The mountain range is located about 70 km SSW of Montes Claros and about 70 km east of Pirapora. The habitat is a high altitude rocky cerrado where the plant grows on surface iron deposits called “ canga. ” Conservation: — This palm has only been seen in one locality just outside of the boundaries and protection of the Serra do Cabral state park. The area adjacent to the park is still theoretically an environmentally protected zone. This palm has a strong affinity for growing on the round, gravelly surface iron ore deposits called “ canga, ” which makes it particularly vulnerable to mining operations. Even after an extended search, no specimens were found growing away from the “ canga ” iron deposits. About 60 % of the current population has been destroyed by surface mining. Therefore, because of the limited and restricted distribution of this taxa and exploitation of the “ canga, ” by IUCN criteria, this taxon should be classified as EN A 2 acd; Bab (i, ii, iii), endangered, if not critically so, even though the true extent of its distribution in the region has not yet been determined. Other deposits of “ canga ” do occur within the adjacent state park. Phenology: — Flowering and immature fruits in January and February. Uses: — None recorded. This palm could possibly be used as a landscape plant in those regions with iron-rich soils where other plants might not be able to grow due to the toxicity of the soils. Additional specimens examined: — Only known from the type specimen. Notes: — Syagrus graminifolia is a complex of variable specimens from Goiás and western Minas Gerais (Triangular Mineiro). They tend to grow in “ campo limpo ” cerrado habitats lacking trees and bushes, and in poor, very rocky soils. They can be solitary to clustering, green to silvery-blue, and small to large. The original type specimen was collected in southern Goiás based on William Frank Burchell’s field notes (Smith & Smith 1967), not Piauí as reported by Glassman (1987). There are at least two different forms in southern Goiás: a larger silvery-bluish one and a smaller green one. A third large, heavily clustering one has been collected from Niquelândia by the second author. All have similar looking slender inflorescences that are branched to one order with 2 – 7 rachillae. They all have similar leaflet anatomy (Fig. 2). This new specimen is from north central (not western) Minas Gerais in the Serra do Cabral mountain range that is geographically isolated from the main Serra do Espinhaço. Serra do Cabral is known in Minas Gerais for its unique flora and fauna and much of it has been annexed into a state park. This specimen differs from other S. graminifolia in having only unbranched inflorescences (a spike), growing often in dense clusters, darker green foliage, and an affinity for “ canga ” iron rich soils. It is different enough to merit its own subspecies status based on its geographical isolation, restricted range and spike inflorescence, but not different enough to deserve new species status, based on its general graminiform aspect and similar leaflet anatomy. Its similar leaflet anatomy can be seen in the comparable arrangement of the veins and fibers within the crosssections of the subspecies cabraliensis (Fig. 2 A), the holotype of S. graminifolia (Fig. 2 B) and the variety S. graminifolia var. glazioviana (Dammer) Beccari (1916: 466) (Fig. 2 C). The repeating pattern is nearly identical in all three of these (Fig. 2 A, 2 B and 2 C): large vascular bundle or vein, followed by three minor abaxial veins (the middle one being FIGURE. Leaflet cross-sections. A. Syagrus graminifolia subsp. cabraliensis, Noblick & Lorenzi 5659, B. S. graminifolia, holotype, Burchell 5956 (K), C. S. graminifolia var. glazioviana, R. Tsugi et al. 2682 (HPL), D. S. graminifolia, silver-blue form, note change in pattern, arrows indicate additional smaller minor fibers and opposite faint minor veins between the minor veins. Tsuji et al. 2687 (HPL). Scale = 0.1 mm. slightly larger) and above each minor vein is a narrow linear strand or fiber bundle. The silvery-blue S. graminifolia (Fig. 2 D) endemic to southern Goiás shows a slight change in the pattern with additional smaller minor fibers and opposite faint minor veins between the minor veins. The similar anatomy between all of these suggests a relationship of this new palm from north central Minas Gerais to the others growing in Goiás and the Triangular Mineiro of western Minas Gerais.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF85FF8BFF68E2E2FE5BDDEE.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL, Goiás: Chapadão do Céu: Parque Nacional das Emas, Not far from the Park Office, elevation ca. 818 m, 18 ° 16 ’ 27.6 ’’ S, 52 ° 54 ’ 39.1 ’’ W (- 18.274333, - 52.910861), 9 Jan 2014, L. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5632 (holotype ESA!, isotypes HPL!, UB!, RB!, SP!, K!, FTG!, NY!, MO!, US!); Small solitary palm at times appearing clustered (Fig. 3 C, 3 F) to 20 – 50 cm. Stem short and subterranean. Leaves number 3 – 4 in the crown, usually appear to be slightly twisted, sheathing leaf base ca. 3 – 6 (– 11) cm long; pseudopetiole (true petiole plus part of the sheath) 2 – 3.5 (– 8) cm long, true petiole 1.5 – 3 (– 6) × 0.3 – 0.5 cm by 0.2 – 0.3 cm thick, channeled adaxially and rounded abaxially; rachis 12 – 22 cm long; leaflets slightly lighter on the abaxial surface, numbering 6 – 10 along one side, in clusters of 2 – 5 or singly along rachis, ramenta scales or tomentum absent where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis and only occasional ramenta or tomentum along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 11 – 16 × 0.2 – 0.3 cm, middle leaflets 14 – 22 (– 30) × 0.5 – 0.7 cm, apical leaflets 11 – 13 (– 25) × 0.1 – 0.4 cm with an asymmetric tip. Inflorescence interfoliar branching to one order, with prophyll 3 – 5 × 0.9 – 1.0 cm, 2 - keeled; peduncular bract narrow, woody, sulcate, exterior with scattered scales, total length 9 – 12 cm and with expanded or inflated portion 5 – 9 cm long, 1 – 2 cm diameter and a 1.5 – 3 cm perimeter and a 1 mm thickness or less; peduncle tomentose ca. 2.5 – 6.0 × 0.3 cm; total inflorescence measured from the first basal flower to the apex, 3 – 8 cm long; no rachis present; rachillae 1 (rarely 2 – 3), glabrous, 3 – 5 (– 8) cm long; staminate flowers green to yellow, in triads on the lower portion or in staminate diads or singly on the upper portion of the rachilla, 4.5 – 4.8 × 2.5 – 2.7 mm at apex, 7.9 – 8.0 × 3.0 – 3.1 mm at base, sepals and petals 3 in number, sepals 1 mm long and 1 mm wide, glabrous, no visible nerves, keeled and connate at the base, petals valvate, 3.9 – 4.1 × 1.7 – 2.1 mm at the apex, 6.0 – 6.7 × 2.0 – 2.8 mm at base with acute tips, nerves indistinct, stamens numbering 6, 2.7 – 3.7 mm long, anthers 2.2 – 2.7 mm long, filaments 1.0 – 1.7 mm long, pistillode trifid and ca. 0.3 mm long, basal pistillate flowers conical, glabrous, 9.5 – 10.2 × 3.7 – 3.8 mm (apical flowers 8.0 – 8.2 × 3.5 – 3.8 mm), sepals and petals 3 in number and yellow in color, sepals 6 – 10.2 × 3.0 – 5.5 mm, glabrous, no visible venation, imbricate, petals 6.0 – 8.8 × 4.0 – 6.6 mm, glabrous, obscurely nerved, imbricate at the base but valvate at the tips, the valvate portion 1 / 3 to ½ the length of the petals, pistil 6.5 – 6.6 × 2.8 – 3.0 mm, glabrous on the upper half, but short tomentose on the lower half of the ovary, stigmas 3 in number, and ca. 3 mm long, glabrous, staminodial ring ca. 0.7 – 0.8 mm high and 6 - dentate. Fruit green when mature, covered with a squamose tomentum, ellipsoid, 2.3 – 2.5 × 1.3 – 1.5 cm, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp not measured, fleshy-fibrous and endocarp 1.8 – 1.9 × 1.2 cm and thickness not measured, with 3 visible endocarp pores on the basal end and seed elliptical not measured, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote tubular. Eophyll simple and entire. Common name: — Not recorded.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF85FF8BFF68E2E2FE5BDDEE.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ emasensis ” refers to the Parque Nacional das Emas from which it was collected with the permission and cooperation of the national park service.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF85FF8BFF68E2E2FE5BDDEE.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Southwestern Goias, open cerrado grasslands growing in rocky to sandy soils, in highly exposed conditions with few trees or bushes. Distribution between the municipality of Mineiros and Chapadão do Céu, Currently known only within the Parque Nacional das Emas. Conservation: — This species has not yet been found outside of the Parque Nacional das Emas. It is well protected within the 30,000 hectare park, where it appears to be fairly common, but outside the park it would be vulnerable or endangered by soybean agriculture. Since the park is so large and the population is substantial, by IUCN criteria, this species should be considered LC, least concern. Phenology: — Mostly flowering in the month of January and February and with mostly immature fruits in January. FIGURE. Syagrus emasensis. A. Habit, B. Palm with infructescence to the left and inflorescence with pistillate flowers to the right, scale = ca. 2 cm, C. Cluster showing that they are individuals and not a single plant, scale = ca. 5 cm, D. Top view showing several individuals and grassy habit, E. Inflorescence with pistillate flowers, scale = ca. 1 cm, F. More elongated plants as a result of being buried by additional soils and growing up through them, Noblick & Lorenzi 5633, G. Palms with inflorescences. Scale = ca. 5 cm. Noblick & Lorenzi 5632 (A – E, G), Uses: — None recorded. This small palm could possibly be used as an ornamental landscape plant. Normally this species has a pleasing and curious curliness about the leaf, which Noblick has not found in other acaulescent Syagrus. Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL, Goiás: Chapadão do Céu, no Parque Nacional das Emas, 800 m, - 18.264833, - 52.899306, H. Lorenzi & A. Campos-Rocha 7121 (HPL!); Chapadão do Céu: Parque Nacional das Emas, ca. 838 m, - 18.173, - 52.831944, L. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5633 (ESA!, HPL!, FTG!, NY!). Notes: — Normally the leaflets of this palm are somewhat twisted, curved or curled (Fig. 3 A, 3 D), but when sandy soil is piled on top of already established plants as we found along one plowed roadside, they emerge with straighter leaves (Noblick 5633, Fig. 3 F) and narrower elongated inflorescences. The leaflet anatomy and the measurements of the leaf rachis and leaflets which distinguish this species from other Syagrus remain unchanged. However in this one case, a change in local edaphic conditions did alter the species normal growth form and one needs to be cognizant of this when exploring for and describing new species. Syagrus emasensis, even in its altered form, still differs from S. procumbens, which grows in the same area by having a longer leaf rachis (12 – 22 vs. 2.4 – 13 cm), but shorter leaflets (12 – 30 vs. 31 – 78 cm).	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF87FF84FF68E1A8FA9CDC22.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL, Goiás: Chapada do Céu: Fazenda Campo Bom, near km 23 S of the city on GO- 050, and S of Rio Prato, elevation ca. 804 m, 18 ° 33 ’ 58.2 ’’ S, 52 ° 37 ’ 40.8 ’’ W (- 18.566167, - 52.628), 9 January 2014, L. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5631 (holotype ESA!, isotypes HPL!, UB!, RB!, SP!, K!, FTG!, NY!, MO!, US!). Small solitary to clustering palm to 100 – 135 cm. Stem short and subterranean. Leaves number 3 – 5 in the crown, sheathing leaf base ca. 18 – 22 cm long; pseudopetiole (true petiole plus part of the sheath) 13 – 32 cm long, true petiole 11 – 30 × 0.5 – 1.1 cm by 0.3 – 0.6 cm thick, channeled adaxially and rounded abaxially; rachis 43 – 78 cm long; leaflets dark bluish-green, lighter on the abaxial surface, newer leaflets with a whitish waxy bloom on the abaxial surface, leaflets numbering 10 – 29 along one side, in clusters of 2 – 3 or singly along rachis and inserted at various angles, giving the leaf a slight plumose appearance, ramenta scales or tomentum absent where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis and none along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 11 – 15 × 0.2 cm, middle leaflets 11 – 25 × 1.0 – 1.3 cm, apical leaflets 8 – 26 × 0.2 – 0.8 cm with an asymmetric tip. Inflorescence interfoliar branching to one order, with prophyll 8 – 16.5 × 1.5 – 2.0 cm, 2 - keeled; peduncular bract narrow, woody, sulcate, exterior with scattered scales, total length 21 – 34 cm and with expanded or inflated portion 12 – 25 cm long including a 0 – 1.5 cm beak, 1.6 – 3.5 cm diameter and a 3.6 – 5.4 cm perimeter and a 1 – 2 mm thickness; peduncle tomentose, ca. 9 – 20 × 0.3 – 0.7 cm and slightly flattened in crosssection; total branched inflorescence as measured from the first basal rachillae to the apex 6.5 – 14 cm long; rachis 0 – 6 cm long; rachillae numbering 1 – 5 (– 7), glabrous, 8 – 13.5 cm long at the apex and 7 – 13 cm long at the base; staminate flowers green to yellow, arranged in triads on the lower portion or in staminate diads or singly on the upper portion of the rachillae, 7.0 – 7.2 mm long at apex, 7.5 – 7.7 mm long at base and 3.0 – 3.1 mm wide, sepals and petals 3 in number, sepals 1.5 – 1.8 × 0.7 – 1.5 mm, glabrous, no visible nerves, keeled and connate at the base, petals valvate, 6.0 – 6.2 × 2.0 – 2.6 mm with acute tips, nerves indistinct, stamens numbering 6, 3.5 – 3.6 mm long, anthers 2.5 – 3.1 mm long, filaments 1.5 – 2.1 mm long, pistillode trifid and less than 1 mm long, basal pistillate flowers elongate conical, glabrous, 14 – 15 × 8 mm (apical flowers 10.5 – 11 × 5.5 – 5.8 mm), sepals and petals 3 in number and yellow in color, sepals 9.5 – 11.7 × 4.4 – 5.8 mm, glabrous, no visible venation, imbricate, petals 8.7 – 12.5 × 4.4 – 6.6 mm, glabrous, obscurely nerved, imbricate at the base but valvate at the tips, the valvate portion ½ or more of the length of the petals, pistil 7.3 – 11 × 3.6 – 5.5 mm, glabrous, stigmas 3 in number, and less than 4.4 mm long, glabrous, staminodial ring ca. 1.5 mm high and truncate; Fruit nearly globose, yellow at the base, green in the middle and rusty at the apex with the very tip black, sometimes with a reddish ring around the tip (Fig. 4 B) when maturing later becoming brown, often nearly glabrous and glossy on the upper more exposed portions of the fruit, sometimes lower parts covered with a mealy tomentum on the less exposed portions, ellipsoid, ca. 2.0 – 2.5 × 1.5 cm, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp not measured, sweet, fleshy-fibrous and endocarp not measured, with 3 visible endocarp pores on the basal end and seed elliptical not measured, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote tubular. Eophyll simple and entire. Common name: — Not recorded.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF87FF84FF68E1A8FA9CDC22.taxon	description	FIGURE. Syagrus menzeliana. A. Habit, B. Infructescence, C. Inflorescence, D. Waxy bloom on abaxial side of leaf. Scale = ca. 1 cm. Noblick & Lorenzi 5631. FIGURE. Leaflet cross-sections. A. Syagrus menzeliana showing thicker leaf and larger veins, Noblick & Lorenzi 5631, B. S. loefgrenii showing thinner leaflets, note same scale as A., Noblick & Lorenzi 5630 (HPL), C. S. guimaraesensis showing thicker leaflet with very large veins, smaller adaxial fiber strands or bundles between the veins and a few adaxial minor veins near the margin, Noblick & Lorenzi 5640, D. S. petraea showing thinner leaflet (note larger scale), smaller veins, large fiber strands or bundles along the adaxial side of the leaf and no adaxial minor veins near the margin. L. Moreno et al. 245 (USC). Scale = 0.1 mm.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF87FF84FF68E1A8FA9CDC22.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ menzeliana ” honors Gilmena (Jill) Menzel, a citizen of both the U. S. A. and Brazil, for her generous support of the Montgomery Botanical Center and the International Palm Society.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF87FF84FF68E1A8FA9CDC22.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — Southwestern Goiás in fragmented cerrado forest. Terrain is flat with deep sandy clay soils, highly prized by soybean farmers. Conservation: — Only known from one locality, a cerrado fragment, but fairly common in this locality. It has not yet been found within the boundaries of the Parque Nacional das Emas, which is ca. 30 km away. The area surrounding this cerrado fragment has been converted to soybean agriculture. Since the area is so highly fragmented and so little of the natural vegetation has survived, this species should by IUCN ver. 3.1 criteria be classified as critically endangered, CR A 2 c; B 1 ab (i, iii, iv). Phenology: — Old inflorescences with some fruiting and only a few fresh flowers in January. Uses: — None recorded. However, this palm may be used in small gardens as a landscape plant. Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL, Goiás: Chapadão do Céu, coletada na estrada para Chapadão do Sul, a cerca de 21 km da cidade de Chapadão do Céu, em vegetação de cerrado sobre solos arenosos, 800 m, 18 ° 33 ’ 35 ” S, 52 ° 37 ’ 46 ” W (- 18.559722, - 52.629444), 6 June 2011, H. Lorenzi & A. Campos-Rocha 7120 (HPL!). Notes: — This species resembles a robust S. loefgrenii with similarly branched inflorescences of approximately the same size (Fig. 4 C) and a waxy bloom on the abaxial surface of its leaves (Fig. 4 D). Both species have a habit of leaning from the center from where they grow and stems lean away from each other when in a cluster, especially in younger plants. However S. menzeliana is more robust (100 – 135 vs. 50 – 80 cm tall) with a stronger, more upright stem as it gets older (Fig. 4 A). Its leaflet anatomy differs by having thicker leaflets, larger veins and larger fiber bundles than S. loefgrenii (Fig. 5 A vs. 5 B). Leaflet anatomy alone suggests that this is a different species. Maturing fruits often have a reddish ring around its apex (Fig. 4 B), which Noblick has not observed in any other Syagrus species.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF88FF86FF68E0EAFD8CDB93.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, near Vieu da Noiva (Bridal Veil) waterfalls, Elevation ca. 611 m, 15 ° 24 ’ 21.8 ’’ S, 55 ° 50 ’ 3.5 ’’ W (- 15.406056, - 55.834306), 12 January 2014, L. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5640. (holotype ESA!; isotypes HPL!, UFMT!, RB!, SP!, K!, FTG!, NY!, MO!, US!). Small, solitary palm to ca. 80 cm. Stem short and subterranean; rhizome 4.5 – 10 × 3.5 – 5.5 cm. Leaves number 2 – 4 (– 5) in the crown, sheathing leaf base ca. 4.5 – 18 cm long; pseudopetiole (true petiole plus part of the sheath) 2.5 – 11 cm long, true petiole 0.5 – 6 × 0.4 – 0.7 cm by 0.2 – 0.4 cm thick, channeled adaxially and rounded abaxially; rachis 11 – 56 cm long; leaflets slightly lighter on the abaxial surface, numbering 6 – 16 along one side, distributed mostly regularly but in clusters of 2 – 3 along rachis near the base, ramenta scales or tomentum absent where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis and none along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 27 – 48 × 0.1 – 0.5 cm, middle leaflets 36 – 75 × 0.4 – 0.7 cm, apical leaflets 24 – 38 × 0.1 – 0.5 cm with an asymmetric tip. Inflorescence interfoliar branching to one order, with prophyll 6.5 – 8.5 × 1 – 2 cm, 2 - keeled; peduncular bract narrow, woody, sulcate, exterior with scattered thin indument, total length 7.5 – 23 cm including a 0 – 1.5 cm beak and with expanded or inflated portion 4.5 – 11 cm long, 2 – 3 cm diameter and a 3 – 6 cm perimeter and a 1 – 3 mm thickness; peduncle glabrous or with a few scattered scales, ca. 2.5 – 11 × 0.2 – 0.6 cm; total inflorescence as measured from the first basal flower to the apex 3 – 7.5 cm long; rachis none; rachilla, one, glabrous, 3 – 7.5 cm long; staminate flowers green to yellow, in triads on the lower portion or in staminate diads or singly on the upper portion of the rachillae, 10 – 11 × 3.8 mm at apex, 12.5 – 12.8 × 3.5 – 4.0 mm at the base, sepals and petals 3 in number, sepals 2.3 – 3.4 × 1.0 – 1.7 mm, glabrous, no visible nerves, keeled and connate at the base, petals valvate, 8.7 – 11 mm × 2.9 – 3.7 mm with acute tips, nerves indistinct, stamens numbering 6, 3.4 – 4.4 mm long, anthers 2.2 – 2.7 mm long, filaments 1.7 – 2 mm long, pistillode trifid and nearly absent, basal pistillate flowers elongate pyramidal, glabrous, 13.2 – 16.8 × 6.9 – 7.9 mm (apical flowers 11.5 – 11.7 × 6.2 – 6.6 mm), sepals and petals yellow, 3 in number, sepals 9.5 – 16.8 × 3.2 – 7.7 mm, glabrous, no visible venation, imbricate, petals 6.7 – 15.3 × 2.8 – 5.5 mm, glabrous, obscurely nerved on the lower portion of the petal, imbricate at the base but valvate at the tips, the valvate portion ½ or more the length of the petals, pistil 6.1 – 8.0 × 2.5 – 3.7 mm, glabrous, stigmas 3 in number, and less than 3 mm long, glabrous, staminodial ring ca. 0.5 – 0.9 mm high and truncate to undulate. Fruit reddish-brown when mature, covered with small stiff appressed brownish hairs, broadly ellipsoid, 2.0 × 1.6 cm, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp not measured, fleshy-fibrous and endocarp not measured, with 3 visible endocarp pores on the basal end and seed elliptical not measured, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote tubular. Eophyll simple and entire. FIGURE. Syagrus guimaraesensis. A. Habit, B. Infructescence with side view of fruit, C. Inflorescence, D. Infructescence with top view of fruit. Scale = ca. 1 cm.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF88FF86FF68E0EAFD8CDB93.taxon	description	Common name: — None recorded.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF88FF86FF68E0EAFD8CDB93.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet “ guimaraesensis ” refers to the Parque Nacional de Chapada dos Guimãraes from where it was discovered and the type collected with the kind permission and cooperation of the national park service.	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
0383B606FF88FF86FF68E0EAFD8CDB93.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat: — South central Mato Grosso. Grows in very rocky sandy soils both within and outside of the National Park of the Chapada dos Guimarães, near the town of Chapada dos Guimarães. Growing in decomposed sandstone soils, with specimens seen as far south as Rondonópolis and as far north as Diamantino. Also reported to be growing as far as 350 km to the west and at elevations usually above 600 m, but never in large numbers. Conservation: — This species is well protected within the national park and it usually grows in very rocky soils which are of no agricultural importance, except for pasture, therefore, by IUCN version 3.1 criteria, this palm should be classified as LC, least concern. Phenology: — Fruiting and flowering in the month of January in exposed areas, but neither flowering nor fruiting in shadier areas at this time of year. Uses: — None recorded. It may have possible use as an ornamental in rock gardens. Additional specimens examined: — BRAZIL, Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, Mirante do Centro Geodésico, 19 October 1995, Hatschbach, G. et al. 63584 (FTG!); Chapada dos Guimarães, na estrada para Cuiabá, km 49, próximo ao Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, 680 m, 15 ° 23 ’ 41.3 ” S, 55 ° 50 ’ 4.2 ” W (- 15.394806, - 55.8345), 9 December 2009, Lorenzi, H., R. Campos & K. Soares 6786 (HPL!); PARNA Chapada dos Guimarães, 19 November 1999, L. A. Neto, M. Aragona, F. T. Paroli 989 (UFMT!); Chapada dos Guimarães, Parque Nacional da Chapada dos Guimarães, near the Monumento da Pedra in the National Park near km 49, Elevation ca. 601 m, 15 ° 23 ’ 40.3 ’’ S, 055 ° 50 ’ 05.6 ’’ W (- 15.394528, - 55.834889), 12 January 2014, L. Noblick & H. Lorenzi 5639 (ESA!, HPL!, FTG!, NY!); Diamantino, cerca de 20 km após o limite do município de Diamantino. Área de grandes afloramentos rochosos, 23 April 1983, E. C. C. Moraes et al. 278 (UFMT!). Notes: — This species resembles the Bolivian S. petraea, which was formerly the name erroneously given to most acaulescent Syagrus in Brazil with a spike inflorescence. It even grows in a similar environment of decomposed sandstone weathered into “ chapada ” topography. However, morphologically Syagrus guimaraesensis differs in having a shorter leaf rachis (11 – 56 vs. 40 – 125 cm), fewer leaflets (6 – 16 vs. 19 – 42 leaflets), thicker leaf blades (5 C vs. 5 D) and different anatomy. Their leaflet anatomy differs by the following characters: S. guimaraesensis has large major veins (vs. small major veins), presence of adaxial minor veins near the leaflet margin (vs. no adaxial minor veins near the leaflet margin) and small fiber bundles between the major veins along the adaxial surface (vs. large fiber bundles between the veins) (Fig. 5 C vs. Fig. 5 D).	en	Noblick, Larry R., Lorenzi, Harri, Souza, Vinicius C. (2014): Four new taxa of acaulescent Syagrus (Arecaceae) from Brazil. Phytotaxa 188 (1): 1-13, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.188.1.1
