taxonID	type	description	language	source
0899880FCDAC421CB307EF71CD3B0793.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A new species similar to M. alba and M. keithii, but distinguished by its solitary flowers that are not borne in an inflorescence, its single carpel per flower and single sessile monocarp per fruit.	en	Saunders, Richard M. K., Chalermglin, Piya (2019): Mitrephora monocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand. PhytoKeys 121: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271
0899880FCDAC421CB307EF71CD3B0793.taxon	materials_examined	Type. Thailand: In Para Rubber plantation (Hevea brasiliensis (Kunth.) Mull. Arg.), Khlong Sok Village, Phanom District, Surat Thani Province, 15 December 2015, P. Chalermglin 581215 (holotype: BKF [dry and spirit collection]; isotypes: BK, QBG, PSU, K, SING [dry]).	en	Saunders, Richard M. K., Chalermglin, Piya (2019): Mitrephora monocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand. PhytoKeys 121: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271
0899880FCDAC421CB307EF71CD3B0793.taxon	description	Description. Treelets or small trees, to ca. 5 m, main trunk slender. Young branches glabrous to sparsely pubescent, with short, appressed golden-brown hairs. Leaf laminas 9 - 13 cm long, 3.5 - 5 cm wide, length: width ratio 2.5 - 3.3, ovate to elliptic, papyraceous, glabrous and + / - matt adaxially, glabrous abaxially; base obtuse to slightly cuneate; apex acute to slightly acuminate; primary vein glabrous ad- and abaxially; secondary veins 6 - 8 pairs per leaf, + / - inconspicuous, glabrous ad- and abaxially; domatia absent; petioles 3.5 - 5 mm long, 1.1 - 1.4 mm in diameter, glabrous. Inflorescence reduced to a single flower. Flower pedicel ca. 4.5 mm long, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, pubescent. Sepals ca. 2.5 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, broadly ovate, pubescent abaxially. Outer petals 11.5 - 12.5 mm long, 7 - 8 mm wide, cream-coloured (turning yellowish in late-stage flowers), ovate, apex acute, margin not undulating with age, pubescent abaxially, sparsely pubescent adaxially. Inner petals ca. 9.5 mm long, ca. 3 mm wide apically, ca. 2 mm wide at claw, pale pink with whitish margins and near point of apical connivance (turning yellowish in late-stage flowers), clawed-triangular, hairs non-glandular. Stamens 0.9 - 1 mm long, 0.7 - 0.8 mm wide. Carpels solitary per flower, ca. 1.4 mm long; ovary ca. 0.9 mm long, ca. 0.5 mm wide, densely pubescent; stigma ca. 0.5 mm long, ca. 0.9 mm wide; ovules ca. 9 per carpel, in two columns. Monocarp solitary per fruit, ca. 52 mm long, ca. 32 mm in diameter, ellipsoid, smooth, without longitudinal ridge; stipe absent. Fruit pedicel ca. 6 mm long, ca. 4 mm in diameter. Seeds ca. 9 per monocarp, size unknown (fruiting specimen not preserved).	en	Saunders, Richard M. K., Chalermglin, Piya (2019): Mitrephora monocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand. PhytoKeys 121: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271
0899880FCDAC421CB307EF71CD3B0793.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Mitrephora monocarpa is only known from the type collection cited above, from a tropical rain forest over limestone, ca. 250 m elevation.	en	Saunders, Richard M. K., Chalermglin, Piya (2019): Mitrephora monocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand. PhytoKeys 121: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271
0899880FCDAC421CB307EF71CD3B0793.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet reflects the fact that the flower has only a single carpel and, hence, the fruit consists of a solitary monocarp. Local name: Phrom Phanom.	en	Saunders, Richard M. K., Chalermglin, Piya (2019): Mitrephora monocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand. PhytoKeys 121: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271
0899880FCDAC421CB307EF71CD3B0793.taxon	discussion	Discussion. The phylogenetic affinities of M. monocarpa are currently unknown, although morphologically it resembles two species, M. alba and M. keithii, with which it is broadly sympatric in Peninsular Thailand: all three species have a sparsely hairy indument on the twigs and leaves and comparatively small flowers. Mitrephora monocarpa is clearly distinguished from these species, however, as the flowers have only one carpel: M. alba, in contrast, has ca. 16 carpels per flower and M. keithii has 12 - 14 (Weerasooriya and Saunders 2010). Carpel number is variable in other species in the genus, although the smallest number previously recorded was four (in the Indochinese species M. calcarea Diels ex Weeras. & R. M. K. Saunders, the Bornean species M. kostermansii Weeras. & R. M. K. Saunders, the Philippine species M. lanotan (Blanco) Merr. and the Sumatran species M. rufescens Ridl.; Weerasooriya and Saunders 2010). The fruits of M. monocarpa are easily distinguished from those of M. alba and M. keithii as they consist of only one monocarp (Fig. 3 A, B); this monocarp is further more sessile, whereas those in M. alba and M. keithii are stipitate, with stipes that are 6 - 15 mm and 3 - 3.5 mm long, respectively. Mitrephora monocarpa also resembles the Bornean species M. uniflora Weeras. & R. M. K. Saunders in possessing solitary flowers (Weerasooriya and Saunders 2010), presumably as a result of the evolutionary reduction of the thyrsoid inflorescence, evident in other Mitrephora species.	en	Saunders, Richard M. K., Chalermglin, Piya (2019): Mitrephora monocarpa (Annonaceae): a new species from Surat Thani Province, Peninsular Thailand. PhytoKeys 121: 73-80, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.121.34271
