identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038587D5E278FFCB4986B5D9FA9D2C0C.text	038587D5E278FFCB4986B5D9FA9D2C0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Changiola Gorochov 2004	<div><p>Genus Changiola Gorochov, 2004</p> <p>Type species: Changiola subita Gorochov, 2004; by original designation</p> <p>Diagnosis (from Gorochov, 2004, Gorochov &amp; Tan, 2012). The genus is similar in size, habitus and tegmen as Kerinciola, Singapuriola, Tembelingiola and Tramlapiola. Male subgenital plate is similar to that of Tramlapiola and Tembelingiola, but posterior margin with a median notch. Male genitalia distinctly differs by: epiphallus complete, with a H-shaped distal part and S-shaped proximal parts; rachis (= guiding rod) moderately long, without upper process; endoparameres moderately long, curved, not connected with formula (= mold of spermatophore) attachment plate; ectoparameres and additional plate-like sclerites developed (absent in all Pteroplistinae genera). Ovipositor short.</p> <p>Biogeography notes (Fig. 1). The genus currently comprises of three species, two from Malay Peninsula and one from Indochina (Thailand). The two species from Malaysia [Changiola perakensis (Chopard, 1969) and Changiola pahangi Gorochov, 2011] are found in lower montane forests whereas Changiola subita Gorochov, 2004 from Thailand is found in lower coastal mountains. We describe a new species from Borneo, the first for the genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587D5E278FFCB4986B5D9FA9D2C0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai;Muhammad, Amira Aqilah;Robillard, Tony	Tan, Ming Kai, Muhammad, Amira Aqilah, Robillard, Tony (2021): A review of the genus Changiola (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Pteroplistinae) and description of the first species from Borneo. Zootaxa 4941 (1): 101-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.1.6
038587D5E278FFC84986B79CFF02281C.text	038587D5E278FFC84986B79CFF02281C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Changiola pahangi Gorochov 2011	<div><p>Changiola pahangi Gorochov, 2011</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 2)</p> <p>Changiola pahangi Gorochov, 2011: 178 (original description); Tan &amp; Kamaruddin, 2014: 12, 44 (record in checklist, natural history notes)</p> <p>Pteroplistes perakensis — Chopard, 1969: 232 (male described probably belongs to C. pahangi)</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype, Malaysia, Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 17–18 km SW of Raub Town, 1000–1300 m, coll. A.V. Gorochov, M. Berezin, E. Tkatsheva, 15–23 April 2010 (ZIN).</p> <p>Other material examined. Male allotype of Pteroplistes perakensis [= Changiola pahangi], Malaysia, Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, 4000 ft. a.s.l., coll. H.M. Pendlebury, 19 July 1936 (MP).</p> <p>Distribution. MALAY PENINSULA: Malaysia: Pahang: Bukit Fraser.</p> <p>Type locality. Malaysia: Pahang: Bukit Fraser.</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species differs from known congeners by male genitalia with distinctly longer posterolateral lobes of epiphallus and proximal part of ectoparameres; and male subgenital plate faintly notched at the posterior margin.</p> <p>Remarks. In his original description of Changiola perakensis, Chopard (1969) described the female holotype from Perak, and assigned a male allotype collected from Bukit Fraser. The drawing of the male genitalia (Chopard, 1969) appears more similar to that of C. pahangi described in Gorochov (2011) than our male specimen collected from the base of Bukit Larut. This supports Gorochov (2011) ’s hypothesis that the male allotype described by Chopard (1969) is probably C. pahangi described from Bukit Fraser and that C. perakensis is probably restricted to Perak.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587D5E278FFC84986B79CFF02281C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai;Muhammad, Amira Aqilah;Robillard, Tony	Tan, Ming Kai, Muhammad, Amira Aqilah, Robillard, Tony (2021): A review of the genus Changiola (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Pteroplistinae) and description of the first species from Borneo. Zootaxa 4941 (1): 101-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.1.6
038587D5E27BFFC24986B7CBFAB729B7.text	038587D5E27BFFC24986B7CBFAB729B7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Changiola perakensis (Chopard 1969)	<div><p>Changiola perakensis (Chopard, 1969)</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 3–6)</p> <p>Pteroplistes perakensis Chopard, 1969: 232 (original description); Otte, 1988: 284 (record in checklist)</p> <p>Changiola perakensis — Gorochov, 2004: 386 (transfer to new genus); Tan &amp; Kamaruddin, 2014: 12, 44 (record in checklist, natural history notes)</p> <p>Changiola nr. perakensis — Tan &amp; Kamaruddin, 2016: 32 (record in checklist)</p> <p>Type material examined. Female holotype of Pteroplistes perakensis [=? Changiola perakensis], Malaysia, Perak, “Larut Hill” [= Bukit Larut], 4500 ft. a.s.l., coll. H.M. Pendlebury, 22 February 1932 (MP).</p> <p>Other material examined. 1 male (LAR.15.16), Malaysia, Perak, Taiping, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.75697&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.85812" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.75697/lat 4.85812)">Taiping War Cemetery</a>, circa N4.85812, E100.75697, 46.2±5.0 m a.s.l., young secondary forest edge, along road, calling in hollow branch of tree, coll. M.K. Tan, S.T. Toh, K.N. Kamaruddin, 17 June 2015, 2021–2226 h (ZRC); 1 female (LAR.15.129), same locality, en route and near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.75881&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.85596" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.75881/lat 4.85596)">Sungei Larut</a>, circa N4.85596, E100.75881, 52.2±5.0 m a.s.l., secondary forest/ forest edge, on branch, coll. M.K. Tan, S.T. Toh, K.N. Kamaruddin, 19 June 2015, 2035–2205 h (ZRC).</p> <p>Distribution. MALAY PENINSULA: Malaysia: Perak: Bukit Larut.</p> <p>Type locality. Malaysia: Perak: Bukit Larut.</p> <p>Distribution notes. Our specimens were collected in the lowland forest whereas Changiola perakensis (Chopard, 1969) was described from Bukit Larut lower montane forest (1370 m a.s.l.).</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to C. subita in male epiphallus with posterolateral lobes distinctly shorter than C. pahangi, short rachis and shapes of formula and additional sclerite plates; but differs by the male subgenital plate deeply notched at the posterior margin. This species also differs from C. pahangi by shorter posterolateral lobes of epiphallus and male subgenital plate deeply notched (instead of faintly notched). The female differs from C. pahangi by female subgenital plate about as wide as long (rather than longer than wide) and not narrowing anteriorly.</p> <p>Discussion. In the original description, the holotype was deposited in “ Selangor Museum” [SMKM Selangor] (Chopard, 1969). However, this museum is no longer functional, and the holotype was transferred to the Muzium Perak (Perak Museum) in Taiping, Perak, Malaysia.</p> <p>The female holotype specimen is in a poor state, and it was difficult to examine and compare its subgenital plate with our specimens. We describe the species, including the male genitalia for the first time, based on new material collected from Bukit Larut.</p> <p>Redescription. Body generally brown, with head and pronotum pubescent (Figs. 3, 4). Head dark brown. Head rostrum slightly wider than scape, with apex truncated (in dorsal view). Scape and pedicel dark brown; scape with apical part black; antennal segments generally yellow brown with brown or dark brown rings. Face uniformly black (Fig. 3D). Maxillary palpi elongated, with apical, subapical and third segments about equally long; apical segment brown, subapical and third segments white; apical segment distinctly obliquely swollen. Eyes ovular; median ocellus small; lateral ocelli large, located near eyes posterior to scape. Gena dark brown. Pronotal disk brown, lateral lobes dark brown. Pronotal disk 1.5 times as long as wide, with strong setae along anterior margin; anterior and posterior margins of disk straight; not widening posteriorly (Figs. 4A, 4C). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.6 times as long as high, with ventral margin rising posteriorly (Figs. 4B, 4D). Anterior tibia with oval tympana on both sides, inner one larger than outer one. Legs generally pubescent. Posterior femur pubescent and flattened, without ventral spines; posterior tibia also pubescent, with about 13 small and stout spines on each dorsal side, with 2 ventral apical spurs; posterior basitarsus with about 5–7 denticles on each dorsal side. Coxa pale; anterior and middle femora pale with a dark brown ring at apical third (more contrasting in middle femur), tibiae pale to yellow brown with yellow brown rings in the middle and at apex, tarsi with basal segment brown. Posterior femur mostly pale with brown setae; brown at apical third and knee area; posterior tibia brown with pale ventral spots with brown spines; posterior tarsus with basal segment pale, apical third brown. Thoracic and abdominal segments yellow brown.</p> <p>Tegmen not pubescent, brown, extending beyond abdominal apex, with dorsal field distinctly longer than lateral field (Fig. 5A). Dorsal field with five oblique veins in harp area. Tegminal mirror large, 1.2 times as wide as long, with anterior margin angular, with posterior margin widely rounded, and with two parallel dividing veins which gently-curved and located close to one another; anal area of tegmen distinctly shorter than length of mirror (Fig. 5A). Tegminal lateral field wide, with 16 branches of Sc and about 12 cross-veins (anterior ones are less distinct) between R and M; R and M diverge anteriorly, then run parallel, strongly converging towards the apex. Hind wings slightly surpassing tegmina.</p> <p>Subgenital plate stout, hexagonal, slightly wider than long, anterior margin wide, posterior margin truncated, with a distinct deep angular notch (Fig. 5B).</p> <p>Male genitalia as shown in Figs. 5 C–E: epiphallus (ep) with strongly transverse median part broad, anterior margin concaved in the middle, with posterolateral lobes strongly sclerotized, stout, gently curved and apex obtuse. Rachis (ra) strongly sclerotized, short and triangular, apex narrow and subacute. Ectoparamere (ec) long, straight and slender, surpassing posterolateral lobes of epiphallus, apex hooked in dorsal view. Endoparameres (en) strongly sclerotized, slender, with apex curved and subacute. Formula (f) elongated and lamellate; rami (r) strongly Sshaped, not lamellate. Additional sclerite plate (p) characteristic of Changiola triangular.</p> <p>Female. Subgenital plate triangular, about as wide as long, small; lateral margins tapering into a subacute apex angularly notched (Fig. 5F). Ovipositor as shown in Fig. 5G.</p> <p>Measurements (in mm). male BL = 12.9; PL = 2.4; PW = 3.5; TL = 9.6; TW = 4.8; HFL = 8.5; HTL = 5.0; female BL = 12.9; PL = 2.9; PW = 3.8; TL = 8.5; TW = 3.9; HFL = 8.4; HTL = 5.0; OL = 7.1.</p> <p>Natural history. A male was found calling at night while hiding in the crevice of a tree branch (Fig. 6).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587D5E27BFFC24986B7CBFAB729B7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai;Muhammad, Amira Aqilah;Robillard, Tony	Tan, Ming Kai, Muhammad, Amira Aqilah, Robillard, Tony (2021): A review of the genus Changiola (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Pteroplistinae) and description of the first species from Borneo. Zootaxa 4941 (1): 101-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.1.6
038587D5E271FFC14986B544FC542DB5.text	038587D5E271FFC14986B544FC542DB5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Changiola sarawakensis Tan & Muhammad & Robillard 2021	<div><p>Changiola sarawakensis new species</p> <p>(Figs. 1, 7–9)</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype, Malaysia, Borneo, “ Sarawak ” state, Samarahan Division, Simunjan District, Ulu Sebuyau, Kampung Tuba, “Tuba”, coll. “Gardebfors, Hall, Hansson, Samuelsson”, 16–22 January 1979 (ZMLU).</p> <p>Distribution. BORNEO: Malaysia: Sarawak: Samarahan</p> <p>Diagnosis. This new species distinctly differs from all known species by male subgenital plate truncated and with a small median nodule at posterior margin (Fig. 8G) (instead of faintly or deeply notched); posterolateral lobes of epiphallus of male genitalia very narrow and straight; rachis long and fairly broad; formula stout and strongly forked anteriorly; and shape of additional sclerite plate slender and angularly bent.</p> <p>Genus status. The male genitalia shows some resemblance with the species from the genus Kerinciola Gorochov, 2004 (known from Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, but not Borneo), specifically by the posterior end of rachis (= guiding rod) somewhat pointing ventrad. The two genera also share similarities in the genitalia: rachis moderately long, without upper process; endoparameres not connected with formula (= mold of spermatophore) attachment plate. Until the relationships between the genera can be clarified, we tentatively place this new species in Changiola owing to the epiphallus being H-shaped in the distal part and S-shaped in the proximal parts.</p> <p>Description. Body dorsoventrally compressed, generally brown, with head and pronotum sparsely pubescent (Figs. 7, 8A, 8D). Head brown, sparsely mottled yellow brown (Fig. 8A). Head rostrum slightly wider than scape, with apex truncated (in dorsal view) (Fig. 8A). Scape and pedicel and antennal segments yellow brown; scape rectangular (Fig. 8A). Face brown with yellow brown spots (Fig. 8C). Maxillary palpi elongated, with apical, subapical and third segments equally long; apical segment brown, subapical and third segments yellow brown at the apex; apical segment obliquely swollen (Fig. 8C). Eyes ovular; median ocellus small; lateral ocelli large, located near eyes posterior of scape (Fig. 8B). Gena with a small oval spot ventrad of eyes; posterior of eye with yellow brown ring (Fig. 8D). Pronotum dark brown, lateral lobes slightly darker (Fig. 7). Pronotal disk 1.4 times as long as wide, with strong setae along anterior margin; anterior margin of disc slightly concave; barely widening posteriorly; posterior margin of disk straight (Fig. 8A). Pronotal lateral lobe 1.6 times as long as high, with ventral margin rising posteriorly (Fig. 8D). Anterior tibia with minute oval tympana on both sides; anterior and middle legs generally pubescent. Posterior femur pubescent and flattened, without ventral spines. Posterior tibia also pubescent, with about 13 small and stout spines on each dorsal side, with 2 long ventral apical spurs; posterior basitarsus with about 6 denticles on each dorsal side. Coxa yellow brown; anterior and middle femora yellow brown and mottled brown (especially on dorsal surface), tibiae brown with yellow brown rings in the middle and at apex, tarsi with basal segment brown. Posterior femur mostly yellow brown with spots of brown; brown at the apex and knee area; posterior tibia and tarsus brown with brown spines (Fig. 7). Thoracic and abdominal segments yellow brown to brown.</p> <p>Tegmen not pubescent, extending beyond abdominal apex, with dorsal field distinctly longer than lateral field. Tegminal dorsal field generally brown, apical field with some cells darkened or cells bordering the veins (and cross-veins) darkened (Fig. 8E); lateral tegminal field brown, with veins slightly paler (Fig. 8F). Dorsal field with five parallel oblique veins in harp (Fig. 8E). Mirror large, 1.4 times as wide as long, with anterior margin angular, with posterior margin widely rounded, and with two parallel dividing veins, gently-curved and located close to each other; anal area slightly shorter than length of mirror (Fig. 8E). Tegminal lateral field wide, with 11 branches of Sc and about nine cross-veins (anterior ones less distinct) between R and M; R and M diverge anteriorly, then run parallel, strongly converging towards the apex (Fig. 8F). Hind wings slightly surpassing tegmina (Fig. 7A).</p> <p>Subgenital plate rectangular, slightly longer than wide, slightly narrowing posteriorly, anterior margin wide, posterior margin truncated and with a small median nodule (Fig. 8G).</p> <p>Male genitalia as shown in Fig. 9: epiphallus (ep) with strongly transverse median part broad, with posterolateral lobes strongly sclerotized, moderately long, faintly diverging from each other and apex truncated. Rachis (ra) strongly sclerotized, cylindrical, long and fairly broad; anterior half gently curved, bent in the middle, posterior half cylindrical before tapering into a subacute apex. Ectoparamere (ec) long and slender, surpassing posterolateral lobes of epiphallus, apex spatulate in lateral view. Endoparameres (en) strongly sclerotized, slender, with anterior parts curved ventrad and posteriorly and apex acute; apodemal endoparamere (ap) forming a large plate connected to (but not fused to) endoparamere. Formula (f) X-shaped and somewhat lamellate; rami (r) strongly S-shaped, widened and lamellate in the middle part. Additional sclerite plate (p) characteristics of Changiola slender slightly curved with anterior apex acute and posterior apex obliquely truncated.</p> <p>Female. Unknown.</p> <p>Measurements (in mm). BL = 14.3; PL = 3.2; PW = 4.4; TL = 11.3; TW = 5.3; HFL = 10.4; HTL = 6.6.</p> <p>Etymology. The species is named after the type locality, Sarawak.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587D5E271FFC14986B544FC542DB5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai;Muhammad, Amira Aqilah;Robillard, Tony	Tan, Ming Kai, Muhammad, Amira Aqilah, Robillard, Tony (2021): A review of the genus Changiola (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Pteroplistinae) and description of the first species from Borneo. Zootaxa 4941 (1): 101-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.1.6
038587D5E275FFC64986B3D4FA642991.text	038587D5E275FFC64986B3D4FA642991.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Changiola Gorochov 2004	<div><p>Key to species of Changiola</p> <p>1. Male subgenital plate notched at the posterior margin. Distribution: Malay Peninsula................................ 2</p> <p>– Male subgenital plate without notch at the posterior margin. Distribution: Outside Malay Peninsula.................... 3</p> <p>2. Male subgenital plate deeply notched. Epiphallus with shorter posterolateral lobes. Female subgenital plate about as wide as long (rather than longer than wide) and not narrowing anteriorly. Distribution: Malaysia (Perak)............. C. perakensis</p> <p>– Male subgenital plate faintly notched. Epiphallus with longer posterolateral lobes. Female subgenital plate longer than wide, narrowing anteriorly. Distribution: Malaysia (Pahang)................................................ C. pahangi</p> <p>3. Male tegmen with mirror area more transverse. Male subgenital plate with minute nodule in middle of posterior margin. Female unknown. Distribution: Borneo (Sarawak)...................................................... C. sarawakensis</p> <p>– Male tegmen with mirror area about as long as wide. Male subgenital plate without minute nodule in middle of posterior margin. Female unknown. Distribution: Thailand......................................................... C. subita</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587D5E275FFC64986B3D4FA642991	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai;Muhammad, Amira Aqilah;Robillard, Tony	Tan, Ming Kai, Muhammad, Amira Aqilah, Robillard, Tony (2021): A review of the genus Changiola (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Pteroplistinae) and description of the first species from Borneo. Zootaxa 4941 (1): 101-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.1.6
038587D5E275FFC64986B1C9FCB62845.text	038587D5E275FFC64986B1C9FCB62845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Changiola subita Gorochov 2004	<div><p>Changiola subita Gorochov, 2004</p> <p>(Fig. 1)</p> <p>Changiola subita — Gorochov, 2004: 386 (original description)</p> <p>Type material. Male holotype, Thailand, Trat, Chang Island (Siam Bay), lower mountains near sea, forest, coll. A.V. Gorochov, 5–20 November 2000 (ZRC).</p> <p>Distribution. INDOCHINA: Thailand: Trat: Chang Island.</p> <p>Type locality. Thailand: Trat: Chang Island</p> <p>Diagnosis. This species differs from congeners by male tegmen with mirror about as long as wide (instead of transverse); male genitalia with distinctly shorter posterolateral lobes of epiphallus and male subgenital plate somewhat longer than broad, without notch at the posterior margin.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038587D5E275FFC64986B1C9FCB62845	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tan, Ming Kai;Muhammad, Amira Aqilah;Robillard, Tony	Tan, Ming Kai, Muhammad, Amira Aqilah, Robillard, Tony (2021): A review of the genus Changiola (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Pteroplistinae) and description of the first species from Borneo. Zootaxa 4941 (1): 101-114, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4941.1.6
