taxonID	type	description	language	source
03858791FFEAFFF1FF67F908FF14F0D9.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: Clitellate (NMA 004315): Philippines, Catanduanes province, Catanduanes Island, near village of Summit, 275 m, lowland forest, 22 May 2001, S. W. James coll. Other material: 2 clitellates, 1 aclitellate, same data as for holotype.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEAFFF1FF67F908FF14F0D9.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for the region of the type locality.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEAFFF1FF67F908FF14F0D9.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One pair of narrowly separated spermathecal pores in 5 / 6, no typhlosole, interior bursal pads two on the floor and one on the roof.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEAFFF1FF67F908FF14F0D9.taxon	description	Description. Medium brown to dark brown dorsal pigment, unpigmented ventrally except on I – III. Dimensions 71 – 98 mm by 3.8 – 4.6 at segment X, 4.0 – 4.1 or 4.0 mm at XXX, 3.5 – 4.2 mm at clitellum, segments 91 – 122; body circular in cross-section. Setae numbering 29 – 34 at VII, 49 – 55 at XX; 2 – 3 between male pores, size larger in anterior dorsal segments, dorsal spacing greater, setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 3: 2.5: 5.5: 5 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI; setae invisible externally. First dorsal pores 12 / 13. One pair of spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 at 3 rd setal lines, near mid-ventral; spermathecal pores 0.05 – 0.06 circumference apart, distance between spermathecal pores around 0.6 – 0.9 mm; 0.3 – 0.4 mm openings of copulatory bursae paired in XVIII at 7 th setal lines, ventrally placed, 0.14 circumference apart, distance between openings 1.7 mm. Genital markings lacking. TABLE 1. Comparison of species of the urceolata group (modified from James 2004). Pigment red brown violet- light brown red-brown red-brown light brown brown brown * Setal gaps presence: D (dorsal), V (ventral) ** Septum present: +, Septum absent: - *** F = floor R = roof, S = side of copulatory bursa interior. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thinly muscular; 8 / 9, 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 thick. Gizzard in VIII – X, intestine begins in XVI, small paired lymph glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in XXVII, and extending anteriorly about to XXIV, finger-shaped sac; typhlosole vestigial from XXVII. Hearts in XI – XIII esophageal; X absent. Ovaries and funnels in XIII, spermathecae in VI, with nephridia on ducts; spermatheca with large eggshaped ampulla, narrow non-muscular duct shorter than ampulla; diverticulum small oval chamber; iridescent, undulating slender stalk about half spermatheca length. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X – XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI – XII, dorsal lobes large, pear-shaped or elongate, apically attached, prostates in XVII – XVIII, 4 main lobes lateral-anterior to copulatory bursae, thick slightly muscular short ducts, entering center of copulatory bursae without stalked glands; copulatory bursae openings flanked anterior, posterior by oval pads on floor; one smaller pad on roof medial to penis; glandular tissue in chamber, male pore on roughly ovate-conical penis from copulatory bursa roof.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEAFFF1FF67F908FF14F0D9.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pheretima bicolensis sp. nov. keys to the urceolata group in Sims & Easton (1972), which is composed of eight species, P. urceolata (Horst, 1893), P. b a w e a n e n s i s (Michaelsen, 1924), P. baletei James, 2004, P. bukidnonensis James, 2004, P. h e a n e y i James, 2004, P. kitangladensis James, 2004, P. monotheca James, 2004, and P. s i m s i James & Hong, 2004 plus two more currently in press, P. abiadai and P. nagaensis (Hong and James 2008 b). All comparisons to previously published species are confined to the urceolata group. Morphological data on this group is summarized in Table 1. The reader should refer to this table for all the comparisons made below. Pheretima bicolensis sp. nov. has narrowly spaced spermathecal pores, a condition it shares with Pheretima buhiensis sp. nov. and Pheretima gorasi sp. nov. (See Table 1). Compared to those species, its male pores are more widely spaced, it has only ventral setal gaps, has 2 or 3 rather than zero setae between the male openings, lacks a typhlosole, and lacks septa 8 / 9 / 10. Pads in the copulatory bursae are also different, with those of Pheretima bicolensis sp. nov. being 2 on the bursal floor and one on the roof. The arrangement is reversed in Pheretima buhiensis sp. nov. (one on the floor, two on the roof), and Pheretima gorasi sp. nov. has only two pads, one of which is on the side. Of these three species, Pheretima bicolensis sp. nov. is the smallest.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEFFFF0FF67FA95FB9FF711.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: Clitellate (NMA 004316): Philippines, Catanduanes province, Catanduanes Island, S. of Summit village on Virac-Viga Road, 21 May 2001, S. W. James coll. Other material: 1 clitellate, Same data as for holotype.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEFFFF0FF67FA95FB9FF711.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for its type locality.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEFFFF0FF67FA95FB9FF711.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. One pair of spermathecal pores deep in 5 / 6 at 7 th setal lines, openings of copulatory bursae 0.20 circumference apart.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEFFFF0FF67FA95FB9FF711.taxon	description	Description. Solid dark violet brown dorsal pigment, light brown ventral pigment I – XIII. Dimensions 38 – 61 mm by 2.0 – 2.2 at segment X, 2.2 – 2.6 mm at XXX, 1.9 – 2.5 mm at clitellum, segments 83 – 96; body circular in cross-section. Setae numbering 37 – 38 at VII, 40 – 45 at XX; 7 – 10 between male pores, size and distance regular between dorsal and ventral, setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 2.5: 2.5: 2.5: 3 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI; setae invisible externally. First dorsal pores 11 / 12. One pair of spermathecal pores deep in 5 / 6 at 7 th setal lines sub-laterally placed, 0.32 – 0.36 circumference apart, distance between spermathecal pores 2.0 – 2.5 mm; 0.2 – 0.3 mm openings of copulatory bursae, paired in XVIII at 6 th setal lines, lateral placed, 0.20 circumference apart, distance between opening 1.2 – 1.6 mm. Genital markings lacking. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thick 8 / 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 thin. Gizzard in VIII – X, intestine begins in XVI, small paired lymph glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in XXVII, and extending anteriorly about to XXV, finger-shaped sac; typhlosole low simple fold from XXVII. Hearts XI – XIII esophageal, X absent. Ovaries and funnels in XIII. Spermathecae paired in segments VI, with nephridia on ducts; spermatheca with small broad oval-shaped ampulla, flattened by gut, duct shorter than ampulla; diverticulum large eggshaped chamber, iridescent, with short stalk. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventral paired sacs in X – XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI – XII, elongate dorsal lobes in clefts; prostates in XVII – XIX, mainly lateral to copulatory bursae, with thin muscular straight ducts, entering center of copulatory bursae without stalked glands; copulatory bursae with large glandular anterior pad; penis wedge shaped on roof; narrow angular appendage parallel to penis on roof, lateral end free.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEFFFF0FF67FA95FB9FF711.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pheretima viracensis sp. nov. has widely spaced spermathecal pores (0.32 – 0.36 circumference) but only ordinary male opening spacing (0.2). Others in the species group with wide spermathecal pore spacing, hearts in XI – XIII and an intestinal origin in XVI are Pheretima doriae sp. nov., P. abiadai, and P. nagaensis (Table 1). Among these, Pheretima viracensis sp. nov. is the only one lacking ventral setal gaps, and the only one with a single copulatory bursal pad, the others having three or four.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEEFFF3FF67FCEDFB13F561.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: Clitellate (NMA 004317): Philippines, Camarines Sur, Isarog summit (13 ° 39.81 ’ N, 123 ° 21.89 ’ E), 1987 m, soil, 15 May 2001, S. W. James coll. 2 paratypes: 1 clitellate (NMA 004322), 1 clitellate (KUNHM 003013): Same data as for holotype. Other material: 2 clitellates, 5 semi-clitellates, same data as for holotype.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEEFFF3FF67FCEDFB13F561.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for its type locality.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEEFFF3FF67FCEDFB13F561.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. urceolata - group with intestinal origin in XV, esophageal hearts in X – XIII, and two copulatory bursal pads on the sides of the chamber.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEEFFF3FF67FCEDFB13F561.taxon	description	Description. Light-brown dorsal pigment, setal rings unpigmented. Dimensions 54 – 61 mm by 2.9 – 3.2 at segment X, 2.4 – 2.5 mm at XXX, 2.5 – 2.6 mm at clitellum, segments 91 – 102; body circular in cross-section. Setae numbering 44 – 49 at VII, 48 – 52 at XX; 5 – 9 between male pores, size and distance regular between dorsal and ventral, setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 1: 1: 1: 2 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI; setae invisible externally. First dorsal pores 12 / 13. One pair of spermathecal pores deep in 5 / 6 at 10 th setal lines, sub-laterally placed, 0.18 – 0.20 circumference apart, distance between spermathecal pores 1.6 – 2.0 mm; 0.4 mm openings of copulatory bursae paired in XVIII at 10 th setal lines, ventro-lateral, 0.19 – 0.20 circumference apart; distance between opening 1.5 – 1.6 mm. Genital markings lacking. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thin, 8 / 9 very thin muscular fiber, 9 / 10 absent 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 slightly muscular. Gizzard in VIII – X, intestine begins in XV, medium paired lymph glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in XXVII, and extending anteriorly about to XXIV, finger-shaped sac; typhlosole very low from XXVII. Hearts X – XIII esophageal. Ovaries and funnels in XIII, spermathecae paired in VI, with nephridia on spermatheca ducts; spermathecae with medium broad oval-shaped ampulla, duct narrower than ampulla; diverticulum ovate to globularshaped iridescent chamber, with stalk shorter than chamber. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventral paired sacs in X – XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI – XII, small dorsal lobes on upper edge, prostates in XVII – XVIII with 2 primary lobes anterior lateral to copulatory bursae, with long muscular ducts, curve around anterior half in U-shape concave posteriorly, entering center via medial part of copulatory bursae without stalked glands; copulatory bursae opening flanked anterior, posterior by sucker-like circular pads more on sides than floor; each pad with associated glandular tissue; penis a small round knob from roof.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEEFFF3FF67FCEDFB13F561.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The intestinal origin in XV and presence of esophageal hearts in X – XIII is unique among the species in the present paper, and shared only with P. s i m s i. Differences between the two species are that P. simsi has bursal pads on the floor rather than the sides, fewer setae in all regions of the body, and closer male pore spacing. Pheretima camarinensis sp. nov. is included in James (2005) as Pheretima 061 - 4.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEDFFF3FF67FE5DFD84F389.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: Clitellate (NMA 004318): Philippines, Camarines Sur, Mt. Isarog (13 ° 39.70 ’ N, 123 ° 22.07 ’ E), 1745 m, arboreal, 16 May 2001, S. W. James coll. 2 paratypes: 1 clitellate (NMA 004323), 1 clitellate (KUNHM 003014): Same data as for holotype. Other material: 1 clitellate, 2 semi-clitellates, same data as for holotype; 1 aclitellate, Camarines Sur, Mt. Isarog (13 ° 39.70 ’ N, 123 ° 22.07 ’ E), 1745 m, soil, 16 May 2001, S. W. James coll.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEDFFF3FF67FE5DFD84F389.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for Dorothy (Dori) Franke, a student participant in the fieldwork. On the ascent of Mt. Isarog, she elected to remain at the 1745 meters site and search there.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEDFFF3FF67FE5DFD84F389.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. urceolata - group with spermathecal pores and openings of copulatory bursae 0.32 circumference apart, intestinal origin in XVI, hearts in XI – XIII, and septum 9 / 10 present.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEDFFF3FF67FE5DFD84F389.taxon	description	Description. Red-brown dorsal pigment, except on setal rings; preclitellate segments with lighter pigment. Dimensions 34 – 45 mm by 2.4 at segment X, 2.0 mm at XXX, 2.1 mm at clitellum, segments 77 – 86; body circular in cross-section. Setae numbering 35 – 40 at VII, 40 – 43 at XX; 5 – 8 between male pores, setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 4: 2: 3: 4 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI; setae invisible externally. First dorsal pores 11 / 12. One pair of spermathecae deep in 5 / 6 at 7 th – 8 th setal lines, sub-laterally placed, 0.32 circumference apart, distance between spermathecal pores 2.3 mm; 0.3 – 0.4 mm openings of copulatory bursae paired in XVIII at 7 th setal lines, ventro-laterally placed, 0.32 circumference apart, distance between openings 1.8 mm. Genital markings lacking. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thin, 8 / 9 absent, 9 / 10 membranous, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 thin. Gizzard in VIII – IX, intestine begins in XVI, small paired lymph glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in XXVII, and extending anteriorly about to XXV, short sac with strong septal indentations, typhlosole very low from XXVII. Hearts XI – XIII, esophageal, X absent. Ovaries and funnels in XIII. Spermathecae one pair in VI, with nephridia on spermathecal ducts; spermatheca with small broad spherical ampulla, duct shorter than ampulla; diverticulum very small egg-shaped chamber, with short stalk. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventral paired sacs in X – XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI – XII, with elongate fuzzy dorsal lobes, prostates in XVII – XIX bilobed, with muscular ducts, duct crossing top of copulatory bursae from lateral edge to center, attached to top; copulatory bursae without coelomic glands, glandular pads at anterior medial, posterior medial, and anterior lateral sides of copulatory bursa cavity; penis a small bump on roof.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFEDFFF3FF67FE5DFD84F389.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pheretima doriae sp. nov. has widely spaced spermathecal pores (0.32 circumference) and male openings (0.32). Others in the species group with relatively wide spermathecal pore spacing, hearts in XI – XIII and an intestinal origin in XVI are Pheretima viracensis sp. nov., P. abiadai, and P. nagaensis (Table 1). Among these, Pheretima doriae sp. nov. is the only one with three copulatory bursal pads located on the sides and to have septum 9 / 10 present. Pheretima doriae sp. nov. has wider male opening spacing than the other three, whose spacing is 0.20 – 0.25.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFECFFFDFF67FAFFFAA1F7B4.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: Clitellate (NMA 004319): Philippines, Camarines Sur, Isarog summit (13 ° 39.81 ’ N, 123 ° 21.89 ’ E), 1987 m, arboreal, 15 May 2001, S. W. James coll. 2 paratypes: 1 clitellate (NMA 004324), 1 clitellate (KUNHM 003011): Same data as for holotype. Other material: 7 clitellates, 7 aclitellates, same data as for holotype.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFECFFFDFF67FAFFFAA1F7B4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for Lake Bato in Camarines Sur Province.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFECFFFDFF67FAFFFAA1F7B4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. urceolata - group, with openings of copulatory bursa 0.15 – 0.18 circumference apart, intestinal origin in XVI, and 2 bursal pads on the floor.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFECFFFDFF67FAFFFAA1F7B4.taxon	description	Description. Light to medium red-brown, variable degree of pigment loss from setal rings, from strongly striped to faint lines. Darker worms less striped, also with more ventral pigment. Dimensions 45 – 65 mm by 3.0 – 3.5 at segment X, 2.2 – 3.3 mm at XXX, 2.5 – 3.2 mm at clitellum, segments 83 – 85; body dorso-ventrally flattened in cross-section. Setae numbering 36 – 43 at VII, 43 – 48 at XX; 6 – 8 between male pores, size uniform, spacing closer ventrally, setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 1.5: 1: 2: 3 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI, setae invisible externally. First dorsal pores 11 / 12 (one individual 10 / 11). One pair of spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 at 10 th setal lines, opening deep inside segmental furrow, sub-lateral, 0.21 – 0.23 circumference apart, distance between spermathecal pores around 2.0 – 2.5 mm; 0.3 – 0.4 mm openings of copulatory bursa paired in XVIII at 8 th setal lines, ventrally placed, 0.15 – 0.18 circumference apart, distance between openings 1.4 – 1.5 mm. Genital markings lacking. Septa 5 / 6 thin; 6 / 7, 7 / 8 thick, 8 / 9 – 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11 thinly muscular, 11 / 12 – 13 / 14 thin. Gizzard in VIII – X, intestine begins in XVI, medium paired lymph glands from XXVI along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in XXVII, and extending anteriorly about to XXIV, finger-shaped sac; typhlosole very low from XXVI. Hearts esophageal in XI – XIII; X absent. Ovaries and funnels in XIII. Spermathecae one pair in VI, with nephridia on ducts; spermatheca with mushroom-shaped ampulla, wrinkled by gizzard; duct shorter than ampulla, diverticulum chamber ovate, iridescent, with stalk shorter than ampulla. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X – XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI – XII with small sub-apical dorsal lobes, prostates in XVII – XIX, with long muscular ducts, tapering towards copulatory bursa, making C-shaped curve convex to anterior, entering center of hemispheric copulatory bursa without stalked glands; copulatory bursae openings flanked, anterior by circular pad, posterior by wide flap of same general appearance as pads. Penis conical, skewed laterally from base to tip; pore at tip.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFECFFFDFF67FAFFFAA1F7B4.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pheretima batoensis sp. nov. is closest to P. abiadai, and P. nagaensis, these three species sharing genital pore spacings within the range 0.15 – 0.25, intestinal origin in XVI, similar numbers of setae, and similar body size. Pheretima batoensis sp. nov. has 2 bursal pads, but the others have four bursal pads.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE3FFFFFF67FB87FB77F689.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: Clitellate (NMA 004320): Philippines, Camarines Sur, Isarog summit (13 ° 39.81 ’ N, 123 ° 21.89 ’ E), 1987 m, soil, 15 May 2001, S. W. James coll. 2 paratypes: 1 clitellate (NMA 004325), 1 clitellate (KUNHM 003012): Same data as for holotype. Other material: 2 clitellates, 1 semiclitellate, 5 aclitellates: Mt. Isarog Camp 3 Ridge (13 ° 39.79 ’ N, 123 ° 21.79 ’ E), 1360 m, mossy-montane transition, soil, 14 May 2001, S. W. James coll; 1 clitellate, 1 semi-clitellate, 1 aclitellate, same data as for holotype.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE3FFFFFF67FB87FB77F689.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named for Lake Buhi in Camarines Sur Province.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE3FFFFFF67FB87FB77F689.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. urceolata - group with dorsal setal gaps, closely-spaced genital pores, septum 8 / 9 present, and three bursal pads.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE3FFFFFF67FB87FB77F689.taxon	description	Description. Light-brown anterior dorsal pigment, post-clitellar segments pale except for mid-dorsal band. Dimensions 120 – 221 mm by 4.5 – 7.5 at segment X, 4.0 – 6.0 mm at XXX, 4.0 – 7.0 mm at clitellum, segments 117 – 119; body circular in cross-section. Setae numbering 31 – 50 at VII, 66 – 70 at XX; 0 between male pores, uniform size, distance closer ventrally, setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 3: 3.5: 5: 7 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI; setae invisible externally. First dorsal pores 12 / 13. One pair of spermathecal pores deep in 5 / 6 close together at 3 rd setal lines, with protruding anterior inner lip bearing inwards-directed groove; 0.04 – 0.06 circumference apart, 0.9 – 1.0 mm between spermathecal pores; 0.5 – 0.6 mm circular openings of copulatory bursa paired in XVIII at 6 th setal lines, ventrally placed, 0.07 – 0.12 circumference apart, distance between openings 1.5 – 1.6 mm. Genital markings lacking. Septa 5 / 6 – 7 / 8 thick, 8 / 9 thin, 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 thin. Gizzard in VIII, intestine begins in XVI, large paired lymph glands from XVII, along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in XXVII, and extending anteriorly about to XXIV, big finger-shaped sac. Intestinal wall of XVI – XXVI with large blood supply, deeply pouched; typhlosole low fold 1 / 5 th lumen diameter from XXVII. Hearts in XI – XIII; X absent, 36 intestinal wall blood vessels. Ovaries and funnels in XIII, spermathecae one pair in VI, with nephridia on duct, spermathecae with large egg-shaped ampulla, smooth surface; duct muscle shorter than ampulla, diverticulum chamber finger-shaped iridescent, yellow color, with kinked stalk shorter than ampulla. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X – XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI – XII well developed with large apical dorsal lobes, prostates in XVI – XVIII, with very stout muscular ducts, entering to posterior half of slightly bilobate, longitudinally ovate copulatory bursae without stalked glands; copulatory bursae pads one lateralanterior on floor; one anterior, one posterior on roof flanking penis. Penis a transverse ridge widening abruptly to form blunt almond-shaped body with apical pore; apex lateral.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE3FFFFFF67FB87FB77F689.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pheretima buhiensis sp. nov., Pheretima gorasi sp. nov., and Pheretima bicolensis sp. nov. all have closely spaced genital pores, but the first two are larger-bodied and have septum 8 / 9 and the last is much smaller and lacks the septum. Comparing Pheretima buhiensis sp. nov. to Pheretima gorasi sp. nov., the former has a greater number of setae, has dorsal setal gaps rather than no setal gaps, and has 3 bursal pads rather than two. Pheretima buhiensis sp. nov. is included in James (2005) as Pheretima 061 - 1.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE1FFFFFF67FD65FD71F3A1.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype: One clitellate (NMA 004321): Philippines, Camarines Sur, Mt. Isarog (13 ° 39.70 ’ N, 123 ° 22.07 ’ E), 1745 m, soil, 16 May 2001, S. W. James coll. 2 paratypes: 1 clitellate (NMA 004326), 1 clitellate (KUNHM 003015): Same data as for holotype.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE1FFFFFF67FD65FD71F3A1.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name is an anagram of Isarog, the type locality.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE1FFFFFF67FD65FD71F3A1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. urceolata - group without setal gaps, closely-spaced genital pores, septum 8 / 9 present, and two bursal pads.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE1FFFFFF67FD65FD71F3A1.taxon	description	Description. Brown dorsal pigment darkest at head and tail. Dimensions 155 – 177 mm by 6.7 – 7.0 at segment X, 7.0 mm at XXX, 6.2 – 7.0 mm at clitellum, segments 115 – 118; body circular in cross-section. Setae numbering 24 – 32 at VII, 25 – 41 at XX; 0 between male pores, size uniform within segments, but setae II – IX larger; setal formula AA: AB: YZ: ZZ = 2: 2: 4: 4 at XIII. Clitellum annular XIV – XVI, setae invisible externally. First dorsal pores 12 / 13. One pair of spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 between 2 nd – 3 rd setal lines, grooved protuberance on anterior side of each pore below level of pore lips, 0.06 – 0.07 circumference apart, 1.3 – 1.5 mm between spermathecal pores; 0.4 – 0.5 mm openings of copulatory bursa paired in XVIII at 6 th setal lines, 0.10 circumference apart, distance between openings 2.0 – 2.3 mm. Genital markings lacking. Septa 5 / 6, 6 / 7 thick, 7 / 8 thin, 8 / 9 very thin, 9 / 10 absent, 10 / 11 – 13 / 14 thinly muscled. Gizzard in VIII, intestine begins in XVI, small paired lymph glands from XXVII along dorsal vessel; intestinal caeca simple originating in XXVII, extending anteriorly about to XXIII, a finger-shaped sac; typhlosole medium from XXVI, 38 intestinal wall blood vessels. Hearts in XI – XIII esophageal; X absent; IX left side only, VIII to gizzard, VII to ventral vessel. Ovaries and funnels in XIII, spermathecae one pair in VI with nephridia on ducts, spermathecae smooth heart-shaped ampulla chamber; duct much shorter than ampulla, diverticulum chamber match-shaped, iridescent, with stalk shorter than ampulla. Male sexual system holandric, testes and funnels in ventrally paired sacs in X – XI. Seminal vesicles two pairs in XI – XII with long apical dorsal lobes, prostates in XVIII – XIX, with stout muscular ducts, entering anterior half of bilobate copulatory bursae without stalked glands; penis oval protrusion from the roof, lateral end free greater height posterior section of copulatory bursa mainly glandular, with very large folded pad extending from roof to floor, small pad anterior, medial to penis on roof.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
03858791FFE1FFFFFF67FD65FD71F3A1.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Pheretima gorasi sp. nov. is distinguished from its species group members according to the remarks under Pheretima buhiensis sp. nov.	en	Hong, Yong, James, Samuel W. (2009): New earthworms of the Pheretima urceolata species group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southern Luzon, Philippines. Zootaxa 2059: 33-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186796
