identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03849504FFAFFFAFCFBCFBC0FB26FE58.text	03849504FFAFFFAFCFBCFBC0FB26FE58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplolepis nezha Hu, Zhang, McCormack & Fang 2025	<div><p>Diplolepis nezha Hu, Zhang, McCormack &amp; Fang, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A8AEBB59-9CDD-4C25-806D-989B093FE5D8</p><p>Figures 3–5</p><p>Materials examined. HOLOTYPE: 1F, CHINA: Sichuan Province, WangCang County, GaoYang Town, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.283/lat 32.286)">MengZi Village, TianXingQiao</a>, ex. Rosa chinensis var. spontanea (EM-Morpho-186), 32.286N, 106.283E, 510m, gall collected 18.XI.2018 (EM-3399), adult emerged 8.III.2019 (Tube-08089), leg. ZhiQiang Fang. PARATYPE: 1F, same as holotype; deposited at EBRRS .</p><p>Diagnosis: Diplolepis nezha keys to couplet five of Zhu et al. (2021), which includes all known Chinese Diplolepis species, and can be separated from all other species with the combination of shorter radial cell (2.1× longer than wide), head trapezoid, and median mesoscutal line present. This species can then be separated from D. valtonyci in couplet five, by the presence of a large areolet (the areolet is inconspicuous in D. valtonyci), and frons rugose (the frons is coriaceous in D. valtonyci).</p><p>Description. Female. Body length 3.8 mm (n = 2).</p><p>Color. Antenna with scape dark brown basally, apically light brown; pedicel dark brown, flagellomeres black (Fig. 3C). Head and mesosoma black. Mandibles brown, with black tips and labial palpi brown.Legs light brown, tarsi darker and coxae dark brown to orange-brown. Metasoma orange-brown; with anteroventral third and hypopygium darker brown (Fig. 5C). Wings hyaline, infuscated around R1; wing veins distinct, dark brown (Fig. 4B).</p><p>Head. Head trapezoid in frontal view, slightly wider than mesosoma in dorsal view, 1.4× as broad as high in frontal view and 2.3× as broad as long in dorsal view. Ratio of POL: OOL: LOL = 3: 2.3: 1 (Fig. 3B). Clypeus pentagonal, broader than high, coriaceous, largely glabrous with setae along the ventral edge, ventrally rounded, not emarginate and without median incision. Gena coriaceous, with piliferous punctures, broadened behind eye in frontal view. Transfacial distance 1.6× longer than height of eye; diameter of antennal toruli 1.3× longer than the distance between them, and distance between torulus and eye margin 1.4× longer than torulus diameter. Inner margins of eyes parallel (Fig. 5A). Frons and vertex coriaceous to rugose extending to ocellar triangle and around lateral ocelli; occiput coriaceous (Fig. 3B).</p><p>Antenna. 0.8× as long as body; 14-segmented, 1.7× longer than head plus mesosoma; pedicel slightly longer than broad; Ratio of scape: pedicel: F1–12 is 1.7: 1: 3.7:2.4:2.4:2.3:2.3:2.3:1.7:1.4:1.3:1.3:1:1.7 (Fig. 3C).</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum very narrow, coarsely punctured, almost smooth in the middle and rugulose with some carinae in the basal part. Mesoscutum longer than wide and 2.5× longer than the scutellum, coriaceous, without distinct punctures. Notauli complete, convergent posteriorly; median mesoscutal line present, deep, at least the level of tegulae; parapsidal lines visible, narrow, shining, reaching tegulae; anterior parallel lines shallow, smooth, extending to half the length of the scutum (Fig. 3B). Scutellum wider than long, and the lower part of the scutellum is slightly pointed, dull, rugose with interspaces coriaceous (Fig. 5B). Scutellar foveae absent. Mesopleuron largely setose, with a patch of smooth and shining area posteriorly, with a strong transverse dull rugose furrow. Dorsal axilla smooth. Lateral propodeal area setose, rugose; medial propodeal area delimited by irregularly formed carinae, largely smooth with some horizontal striae (Fig. 5D). Nucha dorsally sulcate.</p><p>Fore wing. Pubescent in surface and margin. Radial cell closed, 2.1× longer than wide, Vein Rs straight, 2r curved, but not extending into radial cell. Areolet large, well defined. Rs+M well-marked and reaching M in the lower third (Fig. 4B).</p><p>Legs. Tarsal claws without basal lobe.</p><p>Metasoma. Slightly shorter than head plus mesosoma length (0.9×); in lateral view, slightly longer than high. In dorsal view, second metasomal tergite takes up more than half of the metasoma; micropunctures present on all tergites (Fig. 4A). Hypopygium plough-shaped, shining, smooth and large; prominent part of the ventral spine of the hypopygium very thin, 3× longer than broad, with sparse white setae, apical setae short, not extending behind the apex of the spine (Fig. 5C).</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Gall. Uniocular, integral leaf gall on or close to lateral veins of R. chinensis var. spontanea, shape round but flattened in plane of leaf, with central pit in upper and lower surfaces; coloration pale yellow-green; texture shiny and waxy; length 2–3mm, diameter 5–6mm on upper surface, 8–12mm on lower surface (Fig. 5E, 3F). Fresh in October, wasp emergence in March in laboratory conditions.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Ne Zha, a rebellious and fiery child-deity in Chinese mythology emerged from a ball of flesh, resembling the round gall this species induces. The name is used as a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03849504FFAFFFAFCFBCFBC0FB26FE58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fang, Zhiqiang;Hu, Wenqian;Mccormack, Koorosh;Pos, Davide Dal;Tang, Chang-Ti;Zhu, Ying;Mao, Kangshan;Stone, Graham N.;Zhang, Y. Miles	Fang, Zhiqiang, Hu, Wenqian, Mccormack, Koorosh, Pos, Davide Dal, Tang, Chang-Ti, Zhu, Ying, Mao, Kangshan, Stone, Graham N., Zhang, Y. Miles (2025): New species of rose gall wasp Diplolepis Geoffroy, 1762 (Hymenoptera: Diplolepididae) and its parasitoid Orthopelma Taschenberg, 1865 (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on a rare endemic rose species in Sichuan, China. Zootaxa 5706 (2): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.5
03849504FFABFFAECFBCFF37FA65FC44.text	03849504FFABFFAECFBCFF37FA65FC44.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diplolepis Geoffrey 1762	<div><p>Key to the species of known Chinese Diplolepis (modified from Zhu et al. 2021)</p><p>1 Radial cell relatively long, at least 2.5× longer than broad..................................................... 2</p><p>- Radial cell shorter, around 2.0× longer than broad........................................................... 3</p><p>2 Radial cell closed, with infuscate veins and 2r vein without projection into the radial cell. Malar distance long, around 0.75× as long as height of compound eye............................................ D. flaviabdomenis Wang, Liu &amp; Chen</p><p>- Radial cell partially open in anterior margin, without infuscate veins and 2r vein with a projection into the radial cell. Malar distance shorter, around 0.5× as long as compound eye height........................... D. abei Pujade-Villar &amp; Wang</p><p>3 Head strongly transverse in frontal view, at least 1.7× wider than high........................................... 4</p><p>- Head trapezoidal in frontal view, at most 1.5× wider than high.................................................. 5</p><p>4 Vertex and mesoscutum smooth and shining. Occiput coarsely punctured......................... D. japonica (Walker)</p><p>- Vertex and mesoscutum distinctly alutaceous to coriaceous. Occiput coriaceous......................... D. nr japonica</p><p>5. Head slightly wider than mesosoma (Fig. 3B). Median mesoscutal line present, shallowly impressed, about 1/2 of the entire length of mesoscutum (Fig. 3B). Areolet present or inconspicuous. Occiput rugose to coriaceous (Fig. 3B). Propodeum sparsely setose (Fig. 5D)..................................................................................... .. 6</p><p>- Head distinctly narrower than mesosoma. Median mesoscutal line absent or only present by a very short depression (extending over 1/10 of mesoscutum length). Areolet present and large. Occiput smooth and shining with striae. Propodeum densely pubescent........................................................................................... 7</p><p>6. Areolet inconspicuous. Frons and occiput coriaceous.......................... D. valtonyci Zhu, Wang &amp; Pujade-Villar</p><p>- Areolet present and large (Fig. 4B). Frons and occiput rugose to coriaceous (Fig. 3B). China .............. D. nezha sp. n.</p><p>7. Antennae 12-segmented, with scapus and pedicel yellowish-brown. POL around 2.0× longer than OOL. Parapsidal lines absent, almost invisible. Radial cell closed. Third and following metasomal tergites with distinct punctures dorsolaterally.............................................................................. D. hunanensis Wang, Rui, Liu &amp; Chen</p><p>- Antennae 14-segmented, with scapus and pedicel black. POL around 3.0× longer than OOL. Parapsidal lines distinct and extending almost the entire length of mesoscutum. Radial cell completely open in margin. All metasomal tergites without punctures......................................................... D. minoriabdomenis Wang, Rui, Liu &amp; Chen</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03849504FFABFFAECFBCFF37FA65FC44	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fang, Zhiqiang;Hu, Wenqian;Mccormack, Koorosh;Pos, Davide Dal;Tang, Chang-Ti;Zhu, Ying;Mao, Kangshan;Stone, Graham N.;Zhang, Y. Miles	Fang, Zhiqiang, Hu, Wenqian, Mccormack, Koorosh, Pos, Davide Dal, Tang, Chang-Ti, Zhu, Ying, Mao, Kangshan, Stone, Graham N., Zhang, Y. Miles (2025): New species of rose gall wasp Diplolepis Geoffroy, 1762 (Hymenoptera: Diplolepididae) and its parasitoid Orthopelma Taschenberg, 1865 (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on a rare endemic rose species in Sichuan, China. Zootaxa 5706 (2): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.5
03849504FFABFFA2CFBCFC47FB7EFC8C.text	03849504FFABFFA2CFBCFC47FB7EFC8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthopelma aobing Hu, Zhang, Dal Pos, McCormack & Fang 2025	<div><p>Orthopelma aobing Hu, Zhang, Dal Pos, McCormack &amp; Fang, sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0129F65A-268F-404B-A5A8-7B694638CCD6</p><p>Figures 6–8</p><p>Materials examined. HOLOTYPE: 1F, CHINA: Sichuan Province, WangCang County, TianXingQiao S2, MengZi Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.283&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=32.286" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.283/lat 32.286)">GaoYang Town</a>, ex Rosa chinensis var. spontanea (EM-Morpho-186), 32.286N, 106.283E, 510m, gall collected 18.XI.2018 (EM-3399), adult emerged 8.III.2019 (Tube-08309), leg. ZhiQiang Fang. PARATYPE: 1F 8M, same as holotype; deposited at EBRRS .</p><p>Diagnosis: Orthopelma aobing belongs to the superbum -group (sensu Kasparyan 2011), which comprises three described species: Orthopelma superbum Kasparyan, 1984 from Uzbekistan, O. dodecameron Kasparyan, 2011 from Kyrgyzstan, and O. mukriyana Riedel, 2024 from Iran and Georgia. Members of the superbum -group have very short malar space (Fig. 7A), eyes strongly convergent towards clypeus, antennae with 10–11 flagellomeres, apical flagellomere as long as 2–3 preceding segments together (Fig. 7D), and ovipositor sheath about 0.5–0.6× as long as hind tibia (Fig. 6A) (Kasparyan 2011). Orthopelma aobing runs to couplet two of Kasparyan’s (2011) key to the West Palearctic species of the genus, and it differs from the other members of the superbum -group by the following combination of characters: coloration of the pronotum, mesonotum and upper part of mesopleuron (red in O. superbum vs. black in O. aobing); antenna (black in O. dodecameron, reddish-yellow in O. mukriyana vs. yellowish-brown in O. superbum and O. aobing); and number of flagellomeres (12 in O. mukriyana, 10–11 in O. superbum, O. dodecameron, and O. aobing). Additional characters to consider: the overall coloration of the head (especially the ventral section) is much lighter than in the other species, with base of mandibles and clypeus yellowish, while the face is dark brown (and not fully black). Orthopelma aobing also runs to couplet two of Zhang’s (2025) key which includes all known East Asian Orthopelma species. However, these species are actually all in the mediator -group, which can be distinguished from the superbum -group using the characteristics listed above (Kasparyan 2011).</p><p>Description. Female. Body length 3.2–4.1 mm (n = 2).</p><p>Color. Antenna with ventral side of scape and pedicel light brown, dorsal side plus all flagellomeres brown or yellow (Fig. 7D). Head black; labrum yellow and mandibles light brown with black tips (Fig. 7A). Anterior edge of pronotum with tinge of brown; rest of mesosoma black; fore and mid coxa, all trochanters yellow, fore and mid legs light brown; hind coxa, femur, tibia, and tarsomeres brown (Fig. 6A). Metasomal tergites 1–2 with light brown infuscation in the anterior edge, petiole and rest of tergites dark brown; ovipositor sheath dark brown (Figs. 6A, 6B, 8C, 8D).</p><p>Head. Eyes with inner margins converging strongly ventrally, frons setose (Fig. 7A); transfacial distance between compound eyes and below antennal toruli about 1.6× that of the minimal distance between the lower edge of compound eyes; Malar space 0.45× as long as basal width of mandible; malar groove absent. Ratio of POL: OOL: LOL = 2: 2.3: 1 (Fig. 7B).</p><p>Antenna. 12–13-segmented (10–11 flagellomeres), moniliform; apical segment 5.8× that of the preceding segment (Fig. 7D); seven basal flagellomeres combined 1.2× longer than eye. Ratio of scape: pedicel: F1–11 for the holotype female with 13 segments is: 3.9: 2.1: 4.6:2.8:2.1:2:2.3:1.9:1.8:1.6:1.2:1.2:1:5.8 (Fig. 7D).</p><p>Mesosoma. Pronotum with epomia (Fig. 7F). Mesoscutum smooth, strongly convex anteriorly, densely setose with punctures; notaulus almost absent. Scutellum without transverse carinae (Fig. 8A). Mesopleuron shiny and smooth, setose on the anterodorsal third and ventrally below sternaulus. Sternaulus strong, extending to the posterior fifth of mesopleuron. Strobe prominent and deep, reaching about ¼ of the way of the mesopleuron from the posterior edge (Fig. 7F). Propodeum with areola separated from basal area by a shallow basal transverse carina, flask-shaped; constricting centrally and slightly dilated on either sides; areolet 1.2× as long as wide, setose (Fig. 8E). Petiolar area smooth and shiny, hexagonal (Fig. 7C, 6D, 6E).</p><p>Legs. Spurs of hind tibia subequal (Fig. 6A).</p><p>Fore wing. Fore wing with 1cu-a distad of M; 1cu-a slanted, posteriorly bending perpendicularly to 1-A (Fig. 8B).</p><p>Metasoma. Dorsolateral carinae of tergite 1 distinct from base to level of spiracles; ventrolateral carinae complete and strong; tergite 1 2.8× as long as wide; tergite 2 1.7× as long as the width of its hind margin; tergite 3 1.2× as wide as tergite 2, 0.6× as long as tergite 2 (Fig. 8D, 6E). Ovipositor sheath straight, 0.5× as long as hind tibia and 0.8× as long as 2nd tergite (Fig. 8C).</p><p>Male. Body length 4.5–5.1 mm (n = 6). Antennae entirely dark brown. Antenna with 21–22 flagellar segments, moniliform; apical segment 1.5–2.4× that of the preceding segment (Fig. 7E) Fore and mid coxae yellowish brown, hind coxa dark brown; all trochanters I brownish with white apical half; all trochanters II entirely yellow. Fore leg yellowish, mid and hind legs brownish, tarsal claw dark brown. Metasomal tergites all dark brown, Sternites 2–6 with whitish-yellow median longitudinal fold (Fig. 8F). Other structural features and coloration similar to females.</p><p>Variation. The number of antennae ranges from 12–13 in females, and 21–22 in males.</p><p>Biology. Parasitoid of Diplolepis nezha, emerging at the same time of the year (March) as host.</p><p>Etymology. Named after Ao Bing, the long, slender dragon prince and rival of Ne Zha, symbolizing the parasitoid’s role as the gall inducer’s adversary. The name is used as a noun in apposition.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03849504FFABFFA2CFBCFC47FB7EFC8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fang, Zhiqiang;Hu, Wenqian;Mccormack, Koorosh;Pos, Davide Dal;Tang, Chang-Ti;Zhu, Ying;Mao, Kangshan;Stone, Graham N.;Zhang, Y. Miles	Fang, Zhiqiang, Hu, Wenqian, Mccormack, Koorosh, Pos, Davide Dal, Tang, Chang-Ti, Zhu, Ying, Mao, Kangshan, Stone, Graham N., Zhang, Y. Miles (2025): New species of rose gall wasp Diplolepis Geoffroy, 1762 (Hymenoptera: Diplolepididae) and its parasitoid Orthopelma Taschenberg, 1865 (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on a rare endemic rose species in Sichuan, China. Zootaxa 5706 (2): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.5
03849504FFA7FFA2CFBCFC0FFA65F944.text	03849504FFA7FFA2CFBCFC0FFA65F944.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthopelma superbum Kasparyan 1984	<div><p>Key to the species of female Orthopelma superbum -group (modified from Kasparyan 2011 and Karimi et al. 2024)</p><p>1. Malar space very short. Inner orbits very strongly convergent to clypeus, maximal distance between eyes on frons about 2.5× as great as minimal distance between eyes on lower part of face. Flagellum very short, 10–11-segmented; its segments 1–7 or 1–8 combined as long as maximum diameter of eye; apical flagellomere as long as 2–3 preceding segments together. Ovipositor sheath about 0.5–0.6× as long as hind tibia................................................. 2 [ superbum -group]</p><p>- Malar space distinct. Inner orbits rather weakly convergent to clypeus, maximal distance between eyes on frons 1.15–1.5× as great as minimal distance between eyes on lower part of face. Flagellum longer, 13–19-segmented; only three or fore its basal segments combined as long as maximum diameter of eye; apical flagellomere shorter, or sometimes as long as two preceding segments together. Ovipositor sheath usually 0.8–1.5× as long as hind tibia........... [ mediator -group]— not treated here</p><p>2. Pronotum, mesonotum and upper part of mesopleuron red. Hind tibia white dorsally and darkened ventrally. Uzbekistan .................................................................................... O. superbum Kasparyan</p><p>- Mesosoma completely black (Figs. 7F, 8A), with only tegulae yellow (one species). Hind tibia yellowish-brown to brown.. 3</p><p>3. First metasomal tergite brown, concolorous with the rest of metasoma (Fig. 8D). Flagellum with 10–11 flagellomeres (Fig. 7D). Base of mandibles and entire clypeus yellowish-brown, face dark brown (Fig. 7A); Antenna brownish yellow (Figs. 6A, 7D). China ................................................................................... O. aobing sp. n.</p><p>- First metasomal tergite black; metasoma from reddish-brown to brown. Head entirely black; antenna either entirely black or reddish-yellow....................................................................................... 4</p><p>4. Flagellum with 12 flagellomeres, seven basal flagellomeres combined 1.25× longer than eye. Minimal width of face 0.6× as wide as maximal width of frons. Fore trochanter yellow or reddish. Malar space 0.45–0.50× as long as width of mandibular base. Iran, Georgia .................................................................... O. mukriyana Riedel</p><p>- Flagellum with 10–11 flagellomeres, seven basal flagellomeres combined 0.93× longer than eye. Minimal width of face 0.4× as wide as maximal width of frons. Fore trochanter black with yellow apex. Malar space 0.25× as long as width of mandibular base. Kyrgyzstan ................................................................. O. dodecameron Kasparyan</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03849504FFA7FFA2CFBCFC0FFA65F944	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Fang, Zhiqiang;Hu, Wenqian;Mccormack, Koorosh;Pos, Davide Dal;Tang, Chang-Ti;Zhu, Ying;Mao, Kangshan;Stone, Graham N.;Zhang, Y. Miles	Fang, Zhiqiang, Hu, Wenqian, Mccormack, Koorosh, Pos, Davide Dal, Tang, Chang-Ti, Zhu, Ying, Mao, Kangshan, Stone, Graham N., Zhang, Y. Miles (2025): New species of rose gall wasp Diplolepis Geoffroy, 1762 (Hymenoptera: Diplolepididae) and its parasitoid Orthopelma Taschenberg, 1865 (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae) on a rare endemic rose species in Sichuan, China. Zootaxa 5706 (2): 231-246, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.5, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.2.5
