identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038787C8FF89171EFF7AFA4EFDFAFE9C.text	038787C8FF89171EFF7AFA4EFDFAFE9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cirrhigaleus australis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Cirrhigaleus australis new species</p>
            <p>Southern Mandarin Dogfish Figs 1–4; Table 1</p>
            <p> Cirrhigaleus barbifer : (not Tanaka) Last and Stevens, 1994, Sharks and rays of Australia, pp 48, 68, figs 8.11, pl. 6; Bass, 1979, Records of little-known sharks from Australian waters, pp 250, 251, fig. 3. </p>
            <p> Holotype.  CSIRO H 5789–01, female 970 mm TL, east of Bicheno, Tasmania, 41°55'S, 148°37'E, 360–414 m, 18 May 2002. </p>
            <p>Paratypes. 3 specimens. AMS I 19154–001, female 713 mm TL, off Brush Island, New South Wales, 35°34'S, 150°45'E, 493 m, 6 July 1976; AMS I 27022–001, female 1230 mm TL, northeast of Sydney, New South Wales, 33°00'S, 152°00'E, 640 m, March 1986; AMS I 42891 –001, female 1124 mm TL, southeast of Green Cape, New South Wales, 37°30'S, 150°30'E, 400 m, 3 November 2003.</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. A moderately large dogfish of the genus  Cirrhigaleus with the following combination of characters: body very robust, trunk depth 11.8–14.2% TL; eyes relatively small, length 1.37–1.49 in horizontal preorbital length; upper labial furrows relatively short, 7.09–8.15 times mouth width; first dorsal fin moderately large, slightly raked, posterior margin 9.1–10.9% TL; second dorsal similar in size to first dorsal fin, raked, height 1.70–1.91 times its length, posterior margin 8.0–8.9% TL; first dorsal spine long, its exposed length 4.6–5.7% TL, 5.48–6.43 times in pectoral–pelvic space, its apex located just below apex of fin; second dorsal spine long, its exposed length 4.6–6.0% TL, 4.95–6.08 times in pectoral–pelvic space, 3.08–4.24 times in prepectoral length, its apex located at about level of fin apex; pectoral fins moderately large, inner margin 7.0–8.0% TL; prepectoral length 1.47–1.89 times distance from pectoral-fin insertion to first dorsal-fin midbase; flank denticles with three primary cusps, lateral cusps often with cusplets; 50 monospondylous centra, 85 precaudal centra, 114–115 total centra; maximum size at least 123 cm TL. </p>
            <p>Description. Body fusiform, robust, nape strongly humped; deepest near first dorsal-fin base, maximum depth 1.03 (0.85–1.01) times width; trunk depth 0.88 (0.93–0.95) times abdomen depth; head relatively short, 19.5 (19.1–19.8)% TL. Tail moderately elongate, subcircular in cross-section anteriorly, tapering slightly to second dorsal fin; tapering more rapidly beyond second dorsal fin, becoming broadly semicircular posteriorly; dorsal groove weakly developed, broad, very shallow; ventral groove well developed, broad, shallow, with weak medial ridge visible anteriorly; lateral keels very well developed, originating slightly posterior to level of insertion of second dorsal fin, terminating about three quarters of an eye length behind dorsal caudal-fin origin; pelvic–caudal space 1.67 (1.57–1.62) in pectoral–pelvic space, 1.00 (0.98–1.12) in prepectoral length; dorsal–caudal space 2.90 (2.50–2.82) in interdorsal length; dorsal caudal pit very weak, ventral caudal pit absent.</p>
            <p>Head depressed, more flattened dorsally than ventrally, broad, width 1.06 (1.09–1.14) times trunk width, 1.07 (1.01–1.20) times abdomen width; becoming subtriangular in cross-section towards pectoral-fin origin; length 2.86 (2.72–3.03) in pre-vent length; height 0.83 (0.68–0.73) times width. Snout flattened dorsally, narrowly rounded ventrally, apex bluntly pointed; lateral prenarial margin broadly rounded, not forming a ridge; bluntly pointed, strongly tapered in dorsal view, horizontal length 1.49 (1.37–1.44) times eye length, 0.65 (0.60–0.65) times interorbital space; horizontal prenarial length 2.03 (0.97–2.10) times in preoral length.</p>
            <p>Eye oval, moderately large, length 5.49 (4.83–5.93) in head, 2.14 (2.29–3.29) times height; weakly notched posteriorly, notch deepest anteriorly, not connected to anteroventral margin of spiracle. Spiracle moderately large, almost semicircular, greatest diameter 2.54 (2.40–2.64) in eye length; fold on posterior margin rudimentary, broad-based. Gill openings almost upright; first four subequal in size, fifth longest, height of fifth slit 2.6 (2.23–2.52)% TL.</p>
            <p>Mouth broad, upper jaw weakly concave, width 0.95 (0.99–1.06) in preoral length; postoral groove prominent, almost twice length of upper labial furrows, extending posterolaterally from angle of jaws. Teeth similar in upper and lower jaws; upper teeth unicuspid, interlocking, blade-like; cusps directed strongly laterally, low, base of tooth broader than length of cusp.</p>
            <p>Nostrils large, suboval; anterior nasal flap length 5.2 (4.3–5.1)% TL, with greatly enlarged medial barbel; barbel extending past lower jaw (not quite reaching mouth in paratype AMS I 42891 –001); posterior nasal flap large; internarial space 2.03 (1.88–2.06) in preoral length, 1.65 (1.70–2.06) times nostril length.</p>
            <p>Dermal denticles on flank small, strongly imbricate; mainly tricuspidate. Crowns broad, directed posterolaterally, more elevated posteriorly than anteriorly; with pronounced median ridge (~1.0 mm in length); median ridge most strongly elevated anteriorly, originating forward of rest of crown, extending full length of crown; weak mesial furrow developing anteriorly on median ridge and converging towards posterior tip of crown; lateral cusps short and variable, usually with single short, blunt lateral cusps or two very short blunt cusplets; crowns lacking elevated ridges laterally.</p>
            <p>First dorsal fin tall, slightly raked, bluntly pointed apically; base robust, fleshy; anterior margin weakly convex; posterior margin moderately concave, upper portion directed slightly posteroventrally from fin apex, point of deepest concavity near middle of margin; rear lobe of fin moderately deep basally, long; free rear tip sharply acute; inner margin of fin almost straight; insertion of fin base almost midway between pectoral-fin insertion and pelvic-fin origin; fin origin over pectoral-fin free rear tip; exposed spine base broad, 0.8 (0.9– 1.0)% TL, exposed anteriorly at about junction of spine and soft portion of fin; soft portion of fin connected at about a third of total spine length; spine tapering gradually distally (abraded apically in all types), anterior margin very weakly convex; exposed portion only slightly raked, subequal in length to exposed portion of second dorsal-fin spine; height of spine at apex much lower than soft portion of fin; pre-first dorsal length 3.34 (3.21–3.33) times in TL; first dorsal-fin length 1.70 (1.60–1.75) times its height, 1.05 (1.01–1.04) times second dorsal-fin length; first dorsal-fin height 1.07 (1.07–1.20) in second dorsal-fin height; exposed first dorsal spine length 0.61 (0.47–0.54) in height of fin.</p>
            <p>Second dorsal fin large, raked; base very fleshy, much more thickened than first dorsal-fin base; anterior margin slightly convex, apex bluntly pointed; posterior margin strongly concave, maximum concavity about a third distance from free rear tip, upper portion almost straight, sloping very slightly anteroventrally from apex; free rear tip moderately elongate, acutely pointed; inner margin weakly convex, length 0.62 (0.56–0.69) times fin height; second dorsal-fin length 1.74 (1.70–1.91) times its height; spine length 0.63 (0.55–0.74) in height of fin; fin origin posterior to pelvic-fin insertion; origin of exposed dorsal spine posterior to free rear tip of pelvic fin; spine exposed near level of junction with soft portion of fin; exposed spine base broad, 0.9 (0.9– 1.0)% TL, spine tip when undamaged extending to about level of insertion of fin; soft portion and spine apices subequal in height (slightly shorter in paratype AMS I 42891 –001); interdorsal ridge absent; interdorsal space 0.85 (0.86–0.91) in pre-pectoral length, 1.36 (1.40–1.53) in pre-first dorsal length.</p>
            <p>Pectoral fin moderate in size, weakly falcate; anterior margin moderately convex; apex broadly pointed; posterior margin strongly concave; free rear tip broadly rounded; inner margin moderately convex, length 8.0 (7.1–7.9)% TL; base short, 2.95 (2.66–2.98) in length of anterior margin. Pelvic fins large, subtriangular; anterior margin weakly convex; posterior margin straight anteriorly with a subterminal notch (less apparent in paratypes); apex broadly rounded; free rear tip acute.</p>
            <p>Caudal fin relatively long, broad lobed; upper caudal margin almost straight, tip bluntly pointed (similar to second dorsal-fin apex); preventral margin moderately convex, tip narrowly rounded; lower postventral margin short, almost upright, straight; caudal fork moderately concave; upper postventral margin strongly convex ventrally, with moderate concavity towards apex (less apparent in paratype AMS I 27022–001); dorsal caudal margin 0.91 (0.91–1.07) in head length; length of lower caudal lobe 1.61 (1.47–1.64) in upper lobe length.</p>
            <p>Vertebral centra 115, monospondylous 50, precaudal 85 and caudal 30. Teeth (based on paratype AMS I 19154–001) in upper jaw 13+14=27, lower jaw 12+12=24.</p>
            <p>Coloration. When fresh (based on holotype): dorsal surface of body uniformly medium greyish; ventral surface (from head to vent) mostly pale, with a few scattered darker blotches; nasal barbels almost uniformly pale; light and dark tonal areas most strongly demarcated on head, interface between them extending from snout to pectoral-fin base, passing well under eye through mid-gill slits. Dorsal fins mostly pale grey, with light and dark areas; upper posterior margin distinctly whitish, preceded by blackish submarginal bar, pattern extending from fin apex to point of maximum concavity; dark marginal streak extending from near first dorsal-fin apex to about insertion of exposed fin spine; additional white flecks on anterior margin of first dorsal fin in holotype (not apparent in paratypes); fin spines pale, greyish brown, most pronounced on anterior margins. Caudal fin mostly greyish; posterior margin with narrow white border, demarcated internally for its entire length by a blackish subterminal bar. In preservative (based on holotype): similar in coloration, but blackish markings on dorsal and caudal fins less apparent. Pectoral and pelvic fins on dorsal surfaces similar to upper body, but with narrow white posterior margins; ventral coloration slightly darker on posterior half of fin than on base.</p>
            <p> Size. Types consist of four females between 713 and 1230 mm TL. Two New Zealand specimens reported by Garrick &amp; Paul (1971), which may be conspecific with  Cirrhigaleus australis , were females (922 and 1082 mm TL). </p>
            <p>Distribution. Type specimens collected from the mid-continental slope off southeastern Australia between Sydney (ca. 33°S) and eastern Tasmania (ca. 42°S) in depths of 360– 640 m. New Zealand specimens were collected from the Bay of Plenty, North Island, in depths of 360 and 440 m (Garrick &amp; Paul, 1971).</p>
            <p> Cirrhigaleus australis n. sp. Cirrhigaleus barbifer</p>
            <p> Holotype Paratype DM DM  CSIRO H CAS SU MTUF Min. Max. 5105* 5163* 5875-09 13901 25031 to be continued. </p>
            <p> * Data from Garrick (1960); DM = Dominion Museum [now Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa] Etymology. Derived from the Latin  australis in reference to the distribution of this species in the temperate Southern Hemisphere. </p>
            <p>Common name. We propose “Southern Mandarin Dogfish” in allusion to its well accepted genus group name and its southern distribution.</p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038787C8FF89171EFF7AFA4EFDFAFE9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	White, William T.;Last, Peter R.;Stevens, John D.	White, William T., Last, Peter R., Stevens, John D. (2007): Cirrhigaleus australis n. sp., a new Mandarin dogfish (Squaliformes: Squalidae) from the south-west Pacific. Zootaxa 1560: 19-30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273890
