identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
038687B669448F42FF1BFBFBFA3E839B.text	038687B669448F42FF1BFBFBFA3E839B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria (Townsend 1912)	<div><p>Key to the species of the Eucelatoria ferox group</p><p>1. Inner and outer thoracic vittae partially or fully fused, such that there are only one or two postsutural thoracic vittae (e.g., Figs 1A–E) ............................................................................................. 2</p><p>- Inner and outer thoracic vittae partially or fully separate, such that there are four postsutural thoracic vittae visible adjacent to suture, or thoracic vittae indistinct (e.g., Figs 1F–I)..................................... ( E. gladiatrix subgroup) 11</p><p>2. Postsutural thoracic vittae continued from presutural vittae, such that thoracic notum bears two thick parallel longitudinal vittae, with at most only a thin line of tomentum partially separating inner and outer vittae (Figs 1D–E). T1+2 ventrally covered with dense tomentum (Figs 47–49)....................................................... ( E. ferox subgroup) 3</p><p>- Postsutural thoracic vittae merged into a single large vitta covering most of postsutural area (Figs 1A–C). T1+2 ventral area usually lacking tomentum (Figs 66–71, 86–91)..................................... ( E. kopis sp. nov. subgroup) 5</p><p>3. Inner and outer vittae partially separated along mid length by thin line of tomentum along dorsocentral row of setae (Fig. 1D, 3) (Mexico)..................................................................... E. huitepecensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Inner and outer vittae fused along entire length, without thin intermediate line of tomentum (Figs 2, 4)................. 4</p><p>4. Ocellar setae strong, at least three fourths length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Occipital tomentum usually at least partially gray. Calypteres cream or tan colored (Fig. 47) (Ecuador, Bolivia).............................. E. ferox (Townsend)</p><p>- Ocellar setae minute or apparently absent, indistinguishable from surrounding setulae. Head tomentum, including occiput tomentum, entirely yellow. Calypters orange tinted (Fig. 49) (Ecuador).............................. E. inclani sp. nov.</p><p>5. Palpi yellow to tan. Presutural thoracic vittae usually four (Fig. 1A, 21, 41), rarely two. Ocellar setae absent (Costa Rica)............................................................................... E. gustavogutierrezi sp. nov.</p><p>- Palpi dark brown to black. Presutural thoracic vittae always two, with at most a small triangle of tomentum partially separating inner and outer vittae near notopleural suture (Figs 1B–C, 22–26, 42–46). Ocellar setae present....................... 6</p><p>6. Scutellum entirely devoid of tomentum. Abdominal bands usually covering less than one-fourth length of T3–5 (Figs 26, 46) (Brazil)........................................................................... E. tenebrionis sp. nov.</p><p>- Scutellum with at the least a patch of tomentum between subapical scutellar setae. Abdominal dorsal bands covering more than one-fourth length of T3–5 (Figs 22–25, 42–45)............................................................. 7</p><p>7. Scutellum with at most a patch of gray tomentum between subapical scutellar setae (Figs 24, 42, 45).................. 8</p><p>- Scutellum with tomentum covering apical one-third or more of dorsal area (Figs 22–23, 25, 43–44)................... 9</p><p>8. Male cercus in lateral view subparallel at apex (Fig. 137); in caudal view with basal lobes narrowly divergent (Fig. 153). Surstylus with long apical setae (Fig. 137). Abdominal bands in male one-half to one-third length of T3–5 (Fig. 42) (Bolivia)........................................................................................ E. hafelei sp. nov.</p><p>- Male cercus margins in lateral view dilated at apex (Fig. 138); in caudal view with basal lobes broadly divergent (Fig. 154). Surstylus without long apical setae (Fig. 138). Abdominal bands one-fourth to one-third length of T3–5 (Figs 24, 45) (Costa Rica, Brazil, Ecuador).............................................................. E. ritavargasae sp. nov.</p><p>9. Parafacial tomentum gray (Figs 68, 89) (Peru, Brazil)....................................... E. makhaira sp. nov.</p><p>- Parafacial tomentum yellow (Figs 67, 70, 88)............................................................. 10</p><p>10. Piercer extending to base of T3 or beyond, slightly bent anterad near base. Aculeate lobe length greater than 2.5 times height of segment 7 base (Fig. 107). Palpus only slightly dilated and flattened at apex in female (Costa Rica to Bolivia, Brazil)............................................................................................ E. kopis sp. nov.</p><p>- Piercer usually extending to base of T4, sharply bent anterad near base. Aculeate lobe length less than 2.0 times height of segment 7 base (Fig. 108). Palpus strongly dilated and flattened at apex in female (Ecuador)................ E. sica sp. nov.</p><p>11. S1, T1+2, and usually T3 ventrally with thin, pale setae; male usually with tan cuticle spots laterally on T1+2–4 (Figs 53–54, 56, 75–76, 79)...................................................................................... 12</p><p>- Abdominal setae and cuticle entirely black................................................................ 13</p><p>12. Parafacial tomentum entirely yellow (Figs 53–54, 75–76). Dorsal thoracic tomentum usually dense yellow, appearing gold (Fig. 8–9, 30–31). Upper lobe of cercus subtriangular in caudal view, the inner margin linear (Fig. 143) (Puerto Rico, Jamaica, Mexico to Bolivia).............................................................. E. charapensis (Townsend)</p><p>- Parafacial tomentum pale gray, only merging to yellow on upper one-fourth (Figs 56, 79). Dorsal thoracic tomentum pale yellow to gray (Figs 11, 34). Upper lobe of cercus subquadrate in caudal view, the inner margin rounded (Fig. 145) (Brazil)...................................................................................... E. fordlandia sp. nov.</p><p>13. Ocellar setae minute, indistinct, or absent, usually indistinguishable from adjacent setulae of ocellar triangle (Figs 57, 65, 80, 85)............................................................................................... 14</p><p>- Ocellar setae distinct, usually more than one-third length of posterior reclinate orbital seta (e.g., Figs 51, 55)........... 15</p><p>14. Abdominal bands continuous, even, dense. Postsutural inner and outer vittae distinct from each other, at most with area of more diffuse tomentum between them (Figs 12, 35) (Mexico to Peru)............................ E. gladiatrix (Townsend)</p><p>- Abdominal bands diffuse, with distinct median vitta. Inner and outer vittae merged on postsutural area (Figs 20, 40) (Ecuador, Bolivia)........................................................................... E. yanayacu sp. nov.</p><p>15. North American..................................................................................... 16</p><p>- Central or South American............................................................................ 19</p><p>16. Thoracic vittae indistinct amid thin, diffuse gray tomentum on mesonotum (Figs 1H, 7, 29). Ocellar setae weak, usually less than one-half length of posterior reclinate orbital seta (Figs 52, 74) (Northeastern U.S. and Southern Canada)................................................................................................. E. borealis sp. nov.</p><p>- Thoracic vittae distinct, dorsal thoracic tomentum usually dense (e.g., Figs 1G–I, 6, 16, 18). Ocellar setae strong, usually more than one-half length of posterior reclinate orbital seta (e.g., Figs 51, 61, 63)...................................... 17</p><p>17. Parafacial tomentum entirely yellow (Figs 51, 73) (Eastern U.S.).............................. E. auriceps (Aldrich)</p><p>- Parafacial tomentum entirely gray (Figs 61, 63, 81, 83)...................................................... 18</p><p>18. Yellow tomentum on head usually confined to adjacent frontal vitta (Figs 63, 83). Male cercus with margins of apex subparallel in lateral view. Basal lobe of surstylus without marginal notch in lateral view (Fig. 133). Piercer with aculeate lobe length 2.00–2.25 times height of segment 7 base (Fig. 104) (Southern U.S.)........................... E. texana (Reinhard)</p><p>- Yellow tomentum on head usually extending over most of fronto-orbital plate (Figs 61, 81). Male cercus with apex dilated in lateral view. Basal lobe of surstylus with marginal notch in lateral view (Fig. 147. Piercer with aculeate lobe length 2.10–3.50 times height of segment 7 base (Fig. 102) (Arizona, New Mexico).............................. E. sabroskyi sp. nov.</p><p>19. Thoracic vittae thick, inner and outer vittae fused on posterior half of postsutural area (Figs 10, 33). Male cerci with apical cleft broadly rounded in caudal view, the apices inclinate (Fig. 144). Female end tergite fused at base and forked apically (Fig. 114) (Brazil)............................................................................... E. falcata sp. nov.</p><p>- Thoracic vittae thin, inner and outer vittae separate on postsutural area (e.g., Figs 5, 14). Male cerci with apical cleft not broadly rounded in caudal view (e.g., Figs 140, 150). Female end tergite plates separate (Figs 110, 118)...................... 20</p><p>20. Piercer long, the aculeate lobe length at least three times height of segment 7 base (Figs 59–60). [Male unknown.]....... 21</p><p>- Piercer short, usually not extending past apex of T4, the length of the aculeate lobe subequal to height of segment 7 base (e.g., Figs 95, 103). Male cercus, if known, with distinct medial bend in lateral view (Figs 124, 132, 134).................. 22</p><p>21. Abdominal bands continuous, without median vitta (Fig. 14). Parafacial tomentum entirely yellow (Fig. 59) (Mexico).......................................................................................... E. luctuosa (Wulp)</p><p>- Abdomen with distinct median vitta (Fig. 15). Parafacial tomentum gray on lower half (Fig. 60) (Mexico, Costa Rica)........................................................................................ E. rivalis (Reinhard)</p><p>22. Abdominal bands usually covering less than one-half length of T3–5 (Figs 5, 17, 27, 37)........................... 23</p><p>- Abdominal bands covering more than one-half length of T3–5 (e.g., Figs 13, 19, 32).............................. 24</p><p>23. Parafacial tomentum yellow (Figs 50, 72). Palpus yellow to yellow-tan. Male cercus with distinct apical hook in lateral view (Fig. 124) (Brazil).................................................................. E. aurata (Townsend)</p><p>- Parafacial tomentum gray (Figs 62, 82). Palpus brown to black. Male cercus without distinct apical hook in lateral view (Fig. 132) (Mexico to Argentina).............................................................. E. strigata (Wulp)</p><p>24. Parafacial tomentum gray (Fig. 77) (Costa Rica).......................................... E. crambivora sp. nov.</p><p>- Parafacial tomentum yellow (Figs 58, 64, 84)............................................................. 25</p><p>25. Piercer in caudal view broad, triangular, the margins narrowed to apex (Mexico).................. E. woodorum sp. nov.</p><p>- Piercer in caudal view narrow, linear, the margins subparallel to apex (Costa Rica)............... E. jorgecortesi sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669448F42FF1BFBFBFA3E839B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6695A8F5DFF1BFF77FBD9860F.text	038687B6695A8F5DFF1BFF77FBD9860F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria ferox (Townsend 1912)	<div><p>E. ferox subgroup</p><p>Recognition. Species with affinity to E. ferox have two broad longitudinal thoracic vittae stretching from the fore to the hind margin of the mesonotum (Figs 1D–E, 2–4) and the ventral areas of T1+2 and other abdominal tergites covered in dense tomentum (Figs 47–49). Females possess a long, broadly curved piercer that is nearly abdomenlength or more (Fig. 94). The female end tergite is partially fused at base and forked at apex (Fig. 109). Males of the species in this subgroup are unknown.</p><p>Relationships and ecology. The forked end tergite of E. ferox subgroup species suggests an affinity to E. fordlandia sp. nov. and E. charapensis of the E. gladiatrix subgroup, as females of these species also have forked end tergites. Genetic evidence from the E. inclani sp. nov. holotype (Fig. 1) suggests that the E. ferox subgroup is sister to the E. gladiatrix subgroup. All species are tropical in distribution. Hosts are unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6695A8F5DFF1BFF77FBD9860F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6695A8F5CFF1BFD8BFD7587FB.text	038687B6695A8F5CFF1BFD8BFD7587FB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria ferox (Townsend 1912)	<div><p>Eucelatoria ferox (Townsend, 1912)</p><p>(Figs 1D, 2, 47, 94, 109, 177)</p><p>Spathimyia ferox Townsend, 1912: 319 .</p><p>Holotype, Peru, Charape River (USNM).</p><p>Other references: Guimarães (1971: 149). Eucelatoria ferox: Wood (1985: 40) .</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♀, labeled “R Charape Peru / 4500ft ”, “CHTTownsend/ Coll”, “Lep 13, ‘11- [handwritten]”, “Type No./ 15157/ U.S.N.M.”, “ Spathimyia / ferox/ Twd.”, “USNMENT/ 01384159” (USNM).</p><p>Other material. 3 ♀♀. Bolivia—Cochabamba: 1 ♀, labeled “ BOLIVIA Cbba [Cochabamba] Chapare/ Villa Tunarí– Cochabamba / road - km 365 -1800m / G. &amp; M.Wood 3–10.XII.96”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00399” (DMW). Santa Cruz: 1 ♀, “ BOLIVIA: Santa Cruz Dept. / Florida Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.8/lat -18.116667)">Vicoquin area</a> / above <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.8/lat -18.116667)">Achra</a>, road to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-63.8&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-18.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -63.8/lat -18.116667)">Amboró</a> / 18°07′S, 63°48′ W 2050m / 10 November 2007 / N. E. Woodley ”, “USNM ENT 00875983”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00398” [terminalia in vial under specimen] (USNM). ECUADOR — Imbabura : 1 ♀, “ ECUADOR, Imbab.[Imbabura province]/ Lago Cuichoca / 31.III.1983 / G. &amp; M. Wood ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00396” (DMW) .</p><p>Recognition. Females of E. ferox and the related E. huitepecensis sp. nov. and E. inclani sp. nov. are unique among Eucelatoria in possessing two wide longitudinal vittae spanning the entire length of the thoracic notum. However, E. ferox differs from E. huitepecensis sp. nov. in that the vittae are entire and not partially divided by a thin line of tomentum, and differs from E. inclani sp. nov. in that the ocellar setae are present and strong and the calypters are cream colored, not orange.</p><p>Redescription. Female [redescribed from 4 specimens]. Length 6.0–7.0 mm (mean = 6.35 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, upper half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum yellow. Genal dilation, postgena, lower half of post-ocular plate, and occiput tomentum yellow to gray. Pale occipital setae gray. Ocellar setae strong, three-fourths to subequal to length of anterior reclinate orbital setae. Gena with 2–3 setae, subvibrissal ridge usually with 2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on one-half to over two-thirds of length. Postocellar setae one-third to one-half length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half to three-fourths length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta one-half length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 2, the posterior seta sometimes somewhat lateroclinate. Frontal setae 6–8, last frontal seta level with arista base or slightlybelow. Eye with short setulae, each setula 2–4 facets in length. Eye height to head height ratio 0.82–0.86 (mean = 0.84). Postpedicel length 0.41–0.46 (mean = 0.43) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.54–0.58 (mean = 0.56) height of head. Parafacial width 0.06–0.09 (mean = 0.08) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.29–0.35 (mean = 0.32) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.20–3.30 (mean = 2.75) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.27–0.29 (mean = 0.27) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus tan to reddish-brown at apex; dark brown to black near base; in Bolivian females subcylindrical, slightly dilated at apex; with short, stout dorsoapical setae, longer stout lateroapical setae, and several long thin setae mediolaterally; [in the female specimen from Ecuador and in the holotype dilated and flattened at apex]; with many moderate to long stout setae apically.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3–1.4 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum dense, gray to yellow-gray; covering most of pleurites, usually absent from anterior half of katepisternum and anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum ash-gray to yellow or yellow-gray. Inner and outer vittae fused into single broad longitudinal vitta spanning entire length of notum, unbroken by tomentum, such that notum bears two broad parallel vittae; with rectangular medial area of tomentum one-half to two-thirds width of vitta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum gray to yellow, covering apical one-third to one-half of scutellum. Postpronotum with 4 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair of discal setae. Fore tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae. Wing lightly infuscated from costa through the radial sector. Calypteres tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands yellow, covering one-third to two-thirds of T3–5, with wide median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands covering entirety of T1–5, yellow to gray, often appearing bronze. T4 with 1 pair of strong median marginal setae and 1 pair of weaker lateral marginal setae, with several long seta-like setulae along posterior margin towards ventral keel.</p><p>Terminalia (Figs 94, 109). Piercer generally extending beyond apex of T3; in lateral view broadly curved, with small bend at apex; in posterior view parallel sided on basal half then gradually tapered to apex. Aculeate lobe over 4 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite halves fused on basal half, then broadly forked into two parallel tines, the entire unit 5 times as long as wide. Cercus with 5 setae; ventral elongation a narrow ribbon extending towards the base of the postabdomen beyond forked apex of end tergite. Postgenital plate with 10 setae.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Females of the E. ferox species complex are known from tropical montane forest and paramo in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia from 1800 to 3200 m elevation (Fig. 177).</p><p>Discussion. At least two morphotypes are included here. There are no known males, and only one or two females known for each “locality”. It is impossible to know the range of variation within these at this time. Therefore, the single name E. ferox is retained until more material is available to resolve this species complex. The closely related E. huitepecensis sp. nov. is narrowly separated from these by virtue of the partially divided inner and outer vittae and the great geographic distance, and the close E. inclani sp. nov. is separated by virtue of the absent ocellar setae. Individually, each of the morphotypes (“ Bolivia ” and “Lago Cuichoca”) are distinct. “ Bolivia ” females have only slightly dilated, unflattened palpi, while the “Lago Cuichoca” female has strongly flattened palpi. The Peruvian holotype appears closest in appearance to the latter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6695A8F5CFF1BFD8BFD7587FB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6695B8F5FFF1BFBDEFB478797.text	038687B6695B8F5FFF1BFBDEFB478797.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria huitepecensis Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria huitepecensis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1E, 3, 48, 177)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, labeled “ MEXICO Chis 5km / w. Sn Cristobal/ Huitepec 2750 [altitude in meters]/ 15.IX. 91 M. Wood”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / huitepecensis/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00284” (DMW).</p><p>Recognition. This species is most similar to E. ferox, as both possess a facial ridge with setulae on the lower half or more, two longitudinal parallel thoracic vittae, and dense bright tomentum covering the entire ventral part of T1–5. They differ in that the thoracic vittae of E. huitepecensis sp. nov. are partially divided by a thin line of tomentum, nearly invisible without magnification, confluent with the row of dorsocentral setae.</p><p>Etymology. From the type locality, Mt. Huitepec (= Cerro Huitepec).</p><p>Description. Female [described from 1 specimen]. Length 7.1 mm.</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, post-orbital plate, vibrissal angle, gena, and postgena tomentum dense yellow, appearing golden bronze. Occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setae yellow-gray. Ocellar setae strong, subequal to length of anterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 2–3 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on lower half to two-thirds. Postocellar setae one-half length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta three-fourths length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta one-half length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 2, the posteriormost slightly turned lateroclinate. Frontal setae 7, last frontal seta level with base of postpedicel, or slightly beyond. Eye with short setulae, each setula no longer than 2–3 facets. Eye height to head height ratio 0.82. Postpedicel length 0.42 height of head. Facial ridge length 0.55 height of head. Parafacial width 0.09 lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.33 length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.5 times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.30 width of head in dorsal view. Palpus dark brown to reddish-brown, lighter colored near apex than at base; flattened, slightly dilated at apex; with several short, stout setae dorsoapically, longer stout setulae apicolaterally; with thin short setulae on medial margin from base to nearly apex.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.36 times thorax width. Lateral tomentum yellow-gray. Dorsal tomentum dirty yellow to gray, grayer medially. Inner and outer vittae nearly indistinguishable, seeming fused into a single barshaped vitta stretching along the entire length of the notum, such that there appear to be only two thoracic vittae; under bright light and magnification resolving into two bar-shaped vittae narrowly separated by thin band of tomentum confluent with dorsocentral row of setae, fused at anterior and posterior ends. Inner vittae separated medially by broad, subrectangular band of tomentum from anterior to posterior margins of notum. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow, denser near apex, covering entire dorsal surface of scutellum. Postpronotum with 4 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 4 dorsocentral setae, the second seta smaller and weaker. Scutellum with 1 pair of discal setae. Fore tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae. Wing lightly infuscated at base and on anterior portion between costa and radial sector. Calypters cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands yellow-gray; covering one-third to onehalf of T3–5; with wide median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands covering nearly entire surface of abdominal tergites; yellow, with small gray patches near posterior margins of segments. T4 with 1 pair of medial marginal setae and 1 pair of lateral marginal setae with 3–4 long setae accompanying each primary marginal seta.</p><p>Terminalia. Piercer extending past base of abdomen, in lateral view broadly curved along entire length; in posterior view, parallel sided on basal half, then gradually tapered to apex. Aculeate lobe at least 4.5 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite not visible. Cercus not visible. Postgenital plate with at least 10 setae.</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. This species is known only from the holotype, collected on a montane forest peak at 2700 m elevation in the Sierra Madre de Chiapas range, southern Mexico (Fig. 177) .</p><p>Discussion. The strong ocellar setae of E. huitepecensis sp. nov. suggest an affinity closer to E. ferox than to E. inclani sp. nov., but the partially fused, narrowly separated longitudinal thoracic vittae are unique.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6695B8F5FFF1BFBDEFB478797	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669588F5EFF1BFC32FA8786DB.text	038687B669588F5EFF1BFC32FA8786DB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria inclani Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria inclani sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 4, 49, 177)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, labeled “ ECUADOR: Pichincha / Reserva Pululahua, San / Antonia de Pichincha / 3300m [elevation] 22–30.xii.2013 / D.J.Inclán ”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / inclani/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “DIECU14.016”, [pink label], “ Eucelatoria / Xiphomyia grp?/ Det. J.O. Stireman III”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00397” (JOSC; to be deposited in MECN).</p><p>Recognition. Females of E. inclani sp. nov. share with E. ferox the unique condition of two parallel longitudinal vittae on the thoracic notum paired with the long, nearly abdomen-length piercer. The holotype of E. inclani sp. nov. differs in that the ocellar setae are minute, indistinguishable from the surrounding setulae of the ocellar triangle, the entirety of the head tomentum is yellow, and the calypters are orange-tinted.</p><p>Etymology. Named for the collector, Dr. Diego J. Inclán, Ecuadorian tachinidologist and ecologist, who was also responsible for recent work on the Eucelatoria obrumbrata (Wulp) species group (Inclán &amp; Stireman 2010).</p><p>Description. Female [described from 1 specimen]. Length 5.9 mm.</p><p>Head. Entirety of head tomentum yellow. Pale occipital setae yellow. Ocellar setae minute or apparently absent, indistinguishable from surrounding setulae. Gena with 3 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 3 setae, the lowest seta separate from both the genal setae and the upper two subvibrissal setae. Facial ridge with setulae on more than lower two-thirds. Postocellar setae one-half length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Paravertical seta one-half length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta one-half length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 2, the posterior seta lateroclinate. Frontal setae 8, last frontal seta slightly ventral to base of arista. Eye with short setulae, each setula 3–4 facets in length. Eye height to head height ratio 0.78. Postpedicel length 0.43 height of head. Facial ridge length 0.55 height of head. Parafacial width 0.08 lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.33 length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 4.0 times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.27 width of head in dorsal view. Palpus dilated and flattened at apex; brown near base, merging to yellow-tan apically; with long stout setae on apical half, both dorsal and ventral.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.2 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum yellow to yellow gray, covering entirety of pleurites. Dorsal tomentum dense yellow. Inner and outer vitta fused into single wide longitudinal vitta extending along entire notum; the two parallel vittae separated by band of tomentum one-half the width of vitta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow, diffuse, covering entirety of scutellum, denser near apex. Postpronotum with 4 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae, the anterior weak. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair of discal setae. Fore tibia missing. Wing lightly infuscated along anterior cells adjacent to costa. Calypters orange tinted with tan to cream colored margins.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands dense yellow, covering one-half to threefourths area of T3–5. Ventral tomentum yellow to yellow gray, covering entirety of T1–5. T4 with 1 pair of median marginal setae and 1 pair of lateral setae, with 2–3 long setae on margins adjacent to each lateral seta.</p><p>Terminalia. Piercer extending to base of abdomen, in lateral view gradually curved to bent apex; in posterior view parallel sided on basal one-fourth, then tapered to apex. Aculeate lobe more than four times height of segment 7 base. End tergite not visible. Cercus with 5 setae; ventral elongation not visible. Postgenital plate with 10 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. This species is known only from the type locality, Pululahua Reserve in Ecuador, where it was collected in tropical montane forest at 3300 m elevation (Fig. 177) .</p><p>Discussion. Despite there being only a single known specimen, E. inclani sp. nov. is unique among all known Tachinidae for its two wide thoracic vittae, abdomen-length piercer, and absent ocellar setae. Other distinctive features include the lateroclinate posterior reclinate orbital seta, the dense yellow tomentum covering much of the cuticle, and the orange-tinted calypters. The related E. huitepecensis sp. nov. and E. ferox are easily separated by their strong ocellar setae. Genetic data places this species as sister to the E. gladiatrix subgroup (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669588F5EFF1BFC32FA8786DB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669598F5EFF1BFCFFFC62818B.text	038687B669598F5EFF1BFCFFFC62818B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria gladiatrix (Townsend 1917)	<div><p>E. gladiatrix subgroup</p><p>Recognition. All E. gladiatrix subgroup species have four thoracic vittae on both the presutural and postsutural area of the thorax (e.g., Figs 1F–I, 5–20), but otherwise species vary widely in appearance. Females of three species, E. charapensis, E. falcata sp. nov., and E. fordlandia sp. nov., have the end tergite fused at base and apically forked (Figs 113–115), a characteristic also shared by the E. ferox subgroup. The remainder of E. gladiatrix subgroup species have paired female end tergites, which range in length relative to the length of the piercer (e.g., Figs 116–120).</p><p>Relationships and ecology. This subgroup includes the majority of known E. ferox group species; species for which sequence data is available are well supported as a clade (Fig. 1). As in the E. kopis sp. nov. subgroup, the average distance between E. gladiatrix subgroup species (0.0236) is much lower than the distance between the E. kopis sp. nov. and E. gladiatrix subgroups (0.04). They are unified by their ecology, as all known hosts of the E. gladiatrix subgroup are Crambidae caterpillars. Several species, including E. strigata, E. aurata, and E. woodorum sp. nov., appear to be closely related, as females of these species possess short piercers (Figs 95, 103) and the male cercus is bent at mid length (Figs 140, 148, 150). Total data suggest that all Nearctic E. ferox group species belong to the E. gladiatrix subgroup, although genetic data from the key species E. texana is missing. Furthermore, the deep nesting of these species within the otherwise entirely Neotropical clade (Fig. 1) suggests that the E. ferox group likely originated in the tropics and later dispersed to the temperate zone.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669598F5EFF1BFCFFFC62818B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669598F5BFF1BFA0EFBE785C7.text	038687B669598F5BFF1BFA0EFBE785C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria aurata (Townsend 1927)	<div><p>Eucelatoria aurata (Townsend, 1927)</p><p>(Figs 5, 27, 50, 72, 95, 110, 124, 140, 157, 175)</p><p>Heliolydella aurata Townsend, 1927: 314 . Syntypes, 4 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Brazil, São Paulo, Itaquaquecetuba (Museu de Zoologica da Universidade de São Paulo; USNM). Other references: Guimarães (1971: 135).</p><p>Eucelatoria aurata: Wood (1985: 40) .</p><p>Type material examined. Syntype ♀, labeled “Itqua 8-II/ On Foliage”, “Type [red label]”, “ Heliolydella / aurata/ DetCHT T.” (USNM) .</p><p>Other material examined. 47 ♀♀ and 33 ♂♂. Brazil — Santa Catarina: 1 ♀, labeled “ Nova Teutonia / S.C. - BRAZIL / Jan. 1960 / F. Plaumann ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00239” (DMW) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ March 1960 ” and specimen ID “00103” (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ April 1960 ” and specimen ID “00106” (CNC) . 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, as previous except date “ Nov. 1960 ” and specimen IDs “00237” [♀] and “00224” [♂] (DMW) . 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, as previous except specimen IDs “00094” [♀] and “00097” [♂; genitalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, as previous except date “ Dec. 1960 ”, and specimen IDs “00089” [♀] and “00099” [♂], the first labeled “HOMOTYPE/ Heliolydella / aurata/ Tsnd/ Compared by/ Wood ‘78” (CNC) . 3 ♀♀, as previous except date “ Jan. 1961 ”, and specimen IDs “00236”, “00250” (DMW), and “00105” (CNC) [second with genitalia in vial under specimen]. 2 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀, as previous except date “ Feb. 1961 ”, and specimen IDs “00234” [♀], “00235” [♀] (DMW), “00102” [♂], “00104” [♀], and “00100” [♂; genitalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “ March 1961 ”, and specimen IDs “00249” and “00248” (DMW) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ May 1961 ” and specimen ID “00265” (DMW) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ June 1961 ” and specimen ID “00240”, labeled “note/ apical/ scutellars [handwritten]” (DMW) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ Oct. 1961 ” and specimen ID “00228” (DMW) . 2 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “ Nov. 1961 ”, and specimen IDs “00247” [♀], “00246” [♀], “00269” [♂] (DMW), and “00088” [♂] (CNC) . 2 ♂♂ and 1 ♀, as previous except date “ April 1962 ” and specimen IDs “00098” [♂], “00108” [♂], and “00093” [♀] (CNC) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ Sept. 1962 ” and specimen ID “00226” (DMW) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ Nov. 1962 ”, additional label “note minute setae/ on prosternum” [lacking specimen ID label] (DMW) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ Dec. 1962 ” and specimen ID “00220”, labeled “? aurata Tns ” (DMW) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ Jan. 1963 ” and specimen ID “00092” (CNC) . 4 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “ Feb. 1963 ” and specimen IDs “00223” [♂] “00231” [♀], “00222” [♂], “00232” [♀], “00229” [♂] (DMW), and “00101” [♂] (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ March 1963 ” and specimen ID “00238” (DMW) . 6 ♂♂, as previous except date “ Nov. 1963 ” and specimen IDs “00225”, “00227” “00226” (DMW), “00095”, “00096”, and “00091” (CNC). 1 ♂ and 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “ April 1964 ” and specimen IDs “00107” [♀] (CNC), “00221” [♂], and “00233” [♀] (DMW) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ May 1964 ” and specimen ID “00230” (DMW) . 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, “ Brasilien / Nova Teutonia / 27°11′ B. 52°23′ L/ Fritz Plaumann / 300. 500 m / IV. 1964 ”; the first labeled “ Heliolydella / aurata/ det/ Sabrosky Tns.”, “USNM ENT 00039938”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00330” [♂]; the second with date “ V.1964 ”, labeled “USNM ENT 00039934”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00331” [♀] (USNM) . 1 ♂, “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a> / 27°11′S, 52°23′W / Brazil, 300–500 m / IX–1964 / Fritz Plaumann”, “ Hemilydella / sp./ Det. D.M. Wood 1968”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00242” (DMW) . 4 ♂♂ and twelve ♀♀, as previous locality except date “ I.1965 ” and specimen IDs “00319” [♂], “00090” [♀], “00320” [♂] (CNC), “000243” [♀] (DMW), “00244” [♀], “00245” [♀], “00253” [♂], “00257” [♀], “00258” [♀], “00260” [♀], “00277” [♂], “00262” [♀], “00263” [♀], “00264” [♀], “00254” [♀; terminalia in vial under specimen], and “00255” [♀; terminalia in vial under specimen] (CNC); the second labeled “HOMOTYPE/ Heliolydella / aurata/ Compared by/ Wood ‘78”; the fourth labeled “ Heliolydella / aurata”; the fifteenth labeled “SLIDE/ ES6807-26A/ No.”; the sixteenth labeled “SLIDE/ ES6807-26B/ No.” . 1 ♀, as previous locality except date “ II.1965 ” and specimen ID “00259” (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ XII.1965 ” and specimen ID “00256” (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ I.1966 ” and specimen ID “00261” (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ II.1966 ” and specimen ID “00241” (CNC) . 2 ♀♀, “ BRAZIL: Santa Catarina:/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a>, 27°11′S / 52°23′W, 300–500m,/ Mar. 1966, F. Plaumann ”, “COLLECTION OF/ PAUL H. ARNAUD, JR.”; the first labeled “USNM ENT 00040087”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00350”; the second “USNMENT/ 00875985” and “ZLB_E.Ferox 00349” (USNM) . 1 ♀, as previous locality except date “ Apr. 1966 ” and labeled “USNMENT/ 00875986”, “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00348” (USNM) . 1 ♀, “ Nova Teutonia / SC, Brasil / II.1967 / F.Plaumann col.”, “USNM ENT 00039939”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00332” (USNM) . 1 ♀, “ Nova Teutonia / S.C.- BRAZIL / Feb 1970 / F. Plaumann ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00252” (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous locality except date “ June 1971 ” and specimen ID “00251” (CNC) . São Paulo: 1 ♀, “ Itaquaquecetuba / SaoPauloBrazil”, “CHTTownsend/ coll”, “ Ita 17-V/ On Foliage ”, “USNM ENT 00040021”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00336” (USNM) . 1 ♀, as previous locality except labeled “CHTTow’d/ I-22 coll”, “on foliage”, “USNM ENT 00039936”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00334” (USNM) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is closest to E. strigata, sharing narrow abdominal bands, an angled cercus in lateral view, and a short piercer in the female, but is distinguished by the tomentum of the head being entirely gold in color. The male cercus in lateral view is more strongly angled at mid length, with a narrower, hooked apex, and in caudal view is distinctly narrower on the apical two-thirds.</p><p>Redescription. [Redescribed from 47 ♀♀ and 32 ♂♂; head measurements from 4 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 5.3–7.7 mm (mean = 6.5 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, post-ocular plate, gena, and face tomentum all dense yellow, appearing gold. Postgena and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setae yellow to dirty gray. Ocellar setae onehalf to subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital seta, always thinner and weaker in males. Gena with 4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta, usually one or two more smaller setae close to vibrissa. Facial ridge with setulae on less than lower third. Postocellar setae one-third length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta subequal in length to postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta indistinguishable from post-ocular row in both males and females. Reclinate orbital setae 2, occasionally with one more small anterior or posterior seta. Frontal setae 5–6 in females, 7–8 in males; last frontal seta ranging from even with level of pedicel apex to base of arista. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.78–0.89 (mean = 0.84). Postpedicel length 0.40–0.61 (mean = 0.46) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.51–0.56 (mean = 0.54) height of head. Parafacial width 0.09–0.12 (mean = 0.09) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.28–0.38 (mean = 0.33) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.0–3.0 (mean = 2.4) width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.22–0.28 (mean = 0.25) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus subcylindrical, tan-brown to black-brown; with dense short black setulae on dorsum and several longer pale mediolateral setulae.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3–1.4 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray, sometimes merging to yellow on anepisternum and katepisternum. Dorsal tomentum washed out yellow and yellow-gray, usually most yellow on postpronotum, often fading to gray near mid line and on postsutural area. Presutural outer vitta subtriangular to bar shaped, distinctly connected to anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta bar to wedge shaped, the anterior apex usually wider than the posterior apex, disconnected from anterior vitta at transverse suture. Inner thoracic vittae bar shaped, as thick as outer vittae, extending to level of second postsutural acrostichal seta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow to gray, generally covering only apical third, sometimes diffuse over rest of area. Postpronotum with 3 setae, rarely (n=5) with 4 setae. Presutural area with 1–2 supra-alar setae, the anterior weak if present. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Fore tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal setae. Scutellum with 1 pair of discal setae. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands ash-gray, one-third to one-half length of segments T3–5, usually with distinct median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands same color as above, one-half to twothirds length of T3–5. T4 with 1 pair of median marginal and three pairs of lateral marginal setae, all strong and erect.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 124, 140, 157). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.38 width of basal notch; apical lobes subequal to length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded on posterior margin; anterior emargination rounded, depth three-fourths width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus paddle-shaped, length of apical section 2.5 times width, subequal to length of cercus; posteroapical margin rounded; posterobasal area with distinct, flat emargination; basal lobe margin with slight, straight emargination, otherwise rounded. Cercus in lateral view dilated at base, narrowed sharply to mid length and obtusely angled caudally, gradually tapered to blunt hooked apex; in caudal view not dilated at base, narrowed to median section, and gradually tapered to thin, blunt apex. Upper lobe subquadrate; 0.18 length of cercus. Median section 0.54 length of cercus.Apical cleft narrow, sides subparallel; with strong teeth; 0.26 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.31 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 95, 110). Piercer scarcely extending to apex of T4, often hidden by ventral margin of T5; in lateral view gradually curved to apex; in posterior view narrowed to apex. Aculeate lobe length subequal to height of segment seven base. End tergite minute, subquadrate, as long as wide. Cercus with 6 setae; ventral elongation subequal length of cercus. Postgenital plate with 14 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Eucelatoria aurata is known only from southern Brazil, where it has been primarily collected near Seara (formerly Nova Teutonia), Santa Catarina (Fig. 175). The area is a transition between the Auraucaria Moist Forest of the Upper Uruguay headwaters and the Alto Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion further downstream. The other locality, Itaquaquecetuba, is located in the Serra do Mar Coastal Forest ecoregion. Both of these localities are subtropical and within the Brazilian highlands. Thus, E. aurata is likely distributed throughout the coastal highlands from northern Rio Grande do Sul to southern Minas Gerais.</p><p>Fritz Plaumann collected many specimens of E. aurata (nearly 80 of which are included in this revision) at Seara between 1960 and 1971, which is the best series of any known E. ferox group species at a single locality. The largest number of individuals (1960–1967; n = 76) were collected in January (n = 22), with good numbers in February (n = 14), March (n = 6), and April (n = 9). No individuals were collected during the months of July and August. There is a distinct spike in numbers during the month of November (n = 15), followed by relatively low collecting in December (n = 4).</p><p>Discussion. This species, along with E. strigata, has among the shortest piercers of any females in the E. ferox group. The seventh and remaining abdominal segments are of normal structure, simply reduced in length. The male cercus is bent dorsally at mid length in lateral view, just as in E. strigata, but the apex is narrower and distinctly hooked. The cercus is also narrower in dorsal view, with the middle section more than half the length of the cercus. Otherwise, the two species differ little, the primary difference being the color of the parafacial, either entirely yellow in E. aurata or at least partially gray in E. strigata . The species was described from a series of syntypes, which included three females and one male in addition to the one female examined (which is deposited at USNM). All were collected at the same locality and on the same day. Wood (1985: 40) notes that all syntypes are conspecific, though he does not note their depositories. One female syntype was deposited at the Museu de Zoologica da Universidade de São Paulo (Toma &amp; Nihei 2006). The depositories for the male syntype and the two other female syntypes are unknown.</p><p>The above stated phenology suggests a bivoltine host or multiple host species with differing phenologies, one series of caterpillars in the spring, and the other in midsummer. This is different from eastern North American species such as E. auriceps and E. borealis, which have been collected only in summer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669598F5BFF1BFA0EFBE785C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6695C8F5AFF1BFDC2FA3E82AB.text	038687B6695C8F5AFF1BFDC2FA3E82AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria auriceps (Aldrich 1926)	<div><p>Eucelatoria auriceps (Aldrich, 1926)</p><p>(Figs 1F, 6, 28, 51, 73, 96, 111, 125, 141, 158, 173)</p><p>Xiphomyia auriceps Aldrich, 1926: 11 . Holotype, USA, Virginia, Shenandoah River (USNM). Other references: Sabrosky &amp; Arnaud (1965: 1051).</p><p>Eucelatoria auriceps: Wood (1985: 42), O’Hara &amp; Wood (2004: 88).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♂, labeled “Shen. R./ Clarke Co. Va. / IX-3-23”, “ ♂?”, “JMAldrich/ Coll ”, “ Holotype No./ 28900/ U.S. N.M.”, “ Xiphomyia / auriceps” (USNM).</p><p>Allotype ♀, “Shen. R./ Clarke Co. Va / IX-2-23”, “ Allotype No./ 28900/ U.S. N.M”, “USNM ENT 00039932”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00030” (USNM).</p><p>Other material examined. 13 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂. USA — Arkansas: 1 ♀, “ Miss. Co., Ark / 29-vii-1971 ”, “Cotton-Corn/ Strip”, “Malaise/ Trap”, “ R. Kirkton / Wilson”, “USNM ENT 00039933”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00078 [specimen ID]”(USNM). Georgia : 1 ♂ and ♀, “ Panthersville, Ga./ 6–6–48/ P. W. Fattig ”, the first labeled “USNM ENT 00039931”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00029” [♀]; the second, “00039930” and “00028” [♂] (USNM). Maryland : 1 ♀, “MD Calvert Co. / Port Republic / 12.VII.1994 / D.M. Wood ”, “auriceps? piercer is longer”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00016” (DMW). Ohio : 5 ♀♀, “ USA: OH: Hocking Co.,/ Crane Hollow (S. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-82.56834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.425" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -82.56834/lat 39.425)">End</a>)/ 39°25.5′ N, 82°34.1′ W / 17.vii.2012, JO Stireman”, the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00015”, “00014”, “00012”, “00410” [abdomen in vial below specimen], and “00011”; the second labeled “JOS712.46”; the fifth labeled “JOS712.54” (JOSC) . 1 ♀, “OH, Greene Co., Beavercreek / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.0064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.7708" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.0064/lat 39.7708)">Twp.</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.0064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=39.7708" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.0064/lat 39.7708)">Fairborn Marsh</a>,/ 39.7708 N, 84.0064 W, 12.vii.2012,/ IS Winkler”, “ISW0011”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00017” (JOSC) . 1 ♀, as above except date “ 26.vii.2012 ”, no ISW number, and specimen ID “00013” (JOSC) . 1 ♀, as previous locality except “ Fairborn Marsh Wtlds. / Malaise trap- Forest / 26-vii-2012 / ID# FBM 023 [voucher FMB023]/ J.O. Stireman III”, the specimen ID “00413” . 1 ♀, “ USA: OH: Greene Co. / Wright St. U. woods, / Malaise trap Edge / 5-VII-2011 / ID# WSU0301/ J. O. Stireman III”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00411” (JOSC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ 17-Aug-2011 ”, WSU number “0332”, and specimen ID “00412” (JOSC). West Virginia: 1 ♂, “ USA: WV: Hampshire Co. / 3.5 km S. of Springfield / Co. Rt. 2814/ 5–6.vii.2013 / J.O. Stireman III”, “JOS713.7”, “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00018” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (JOSC) .</p><p>Recognition. This North American species possesses thin, fine thoracic vittae, strong ocellar setae, and a relatively long piercer in common with E. texana and E. sabroskyi sp. nov., but is distinct from them in the yellow color of the head and thorax tomentum. The sometimes sympatric E. borealis sp. nov. can be distinguished additionally by its indistinct thoracic vittae and weak ocellar setae.</p><p>Redescription. [Redescribed from 9 ♀♀ and 2 ♂♂; head measurements from 5 ♀♀.] Length 6.2–7.9 mm (mean = 6.9 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum dense yellow. Genal dilation, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray, darker on genal dilation, sometimes extending to ventral part of post-orbital plate. Pale occipital setae light gray, no longer than setulae of genal dilation. Ocellar setae subequal to one-half length of posterior reclinate orbital setae. Gena with 4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on lower third or less. Postocellar setae divergent, one-half length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta three-fourths to subequal with postocellar setae. Outer vertical setae lateroclinate, distinctly longer than adjacent post-orbital setae. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 7, last frontal seta just ventral to arista base. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.82–0.85 (mean = 0.84). Postpedicel length 0.43–0.44 height of head. Facial ridge length 0.51–0.58 (mean = 0.55) height of head. Parafacial width 0.08–0.12 (mean = 0.11) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.28–0.34 (mean = 0.32) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 1.5–2.2 (mean = 1.8) width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.24–0.26 (mean = 0.25) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow to tan, sub-cylindrical at tip in males, slightly expanded in females, with short, stout apicodorsal setae.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length roughly equal to width. Lateral tomentum ash-gray, merging to yellow-gray on dorsal part of anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum dense yellow, appearing gold, sometimes grayer, merging to ash-gray near vittae, especially medially on postsutural area. Presutural outer vitta triangular, distinctly connected to anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta fusiform, wider anteriorly than presutural vitta. Inner thoracic vittae linear, slightly divergent, not connected to outer vittae and unbroken at suture, extending posterior to level of first postsutural acrostichal setae. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow, appearing gold, short, extending nearly to base. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 4 dorsocentral setae, rarely 3. Fore tibia with 1 posterodorsal seta. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands dirty gray, appearing bronze in some light; one-third to one-half length of T3–5; with distinct median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray, appearing blue in some light; one-half to three-fourths length of T3–5. T4 with 1 pair of median marginal setae and 1–3 pairs of lateral marginal setae, the lateral setae usually weaker than the median setae and decumbent.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 125, 141, 158): sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.4 width of basal notch; apical lobes 1.5 times length of basal plate. Postgonite gradually curved, anterior emargination narrow, crescent shaped, less than width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus widely rounded, paddle-shaped, apex blunt; longer than cercus; 0.6 times as wide as long; gradually curved posterobasally. Cercus in lateral view nearly parallel sided, not dilated at tip, with slight point at apex; in caudal view lateral margin curved from base, narrowed to mid length, then subparallel to blunt subquadrate apex. Upper lobe subtriangular, blunt at outer angle, angled on inner margin to small median projection; 0.2 length of cercus. Median section 0.5 length of cercus. Apical cleft margins slightly divergent, greatest width subequal apex of cercus; 0.2 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.4 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 96, 111): piercer generally extending past apex of abdominal segment 1+2, in lateral view gradually curved along basal two-thirds, gradually bent at tip; in posterior view, parallel sided on basal third, then narrowed gradually to tip. Aculeate lobe 2.25 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite rectangular, elongate, blunt ended, more than 4 times as long as wide. Cercus with 5 setae; ventral elongation 2–3 times length of cercus. Postgenital plate with 12 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals of E. auriceps are known only from the eastern United States, collected as far west as Arkansas, as far south as Georgia, and as far north as southern Ohio (Sabrosky &amp; Arnaud 1965; O’Hara &amp; Wood 2004) (Fig. 173). It is likely that E. auriceps occurs throughout the southeastern United States. Specimens were collected primarily in July in the northern part of its range and in June in Georgia. The holotype and allotype were collected in Virginia in September.</p><p>Discussion. It is difficult to confuse the female of this species with another North American species of Eucelatoria, or, indeed, any Nearctic tachinid. The combination of bright gold head and nearly abdomen-length piercer distinguishes it from both the northern E. borealis and the southern E. texana, which have shorter piercers and gray parafacials. Both E. sabroskyi sp. nov. and E. rivalis have a long piercer but also have gray parafacials. Central American species with gold heads and long piercers have distinctly different thoracic vittae patterns. Specimens from Crane Hollow, Ohio were collected on lush deciduous vegetation surrounding a small creek (J.O. Stireman, pers. comm.), which suggests that the host of E. auriceps lives in or adjacent to humid deciduous forests. Individuals are also often collected while they are nectar feeding in old fields (J. Brown, I.S. Winkler, pers. comm.). Genetic data places this species as sister to E. sabroskyi sp. nov. and without genetic clusters by geographical locality (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6695C8F5AFF1BFDC2FA3E82AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6695D8F54FF1BF8EEFCAA823B.text	038687B6695D8F54FF1BF8EEFCAA823B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria borealis Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria borealis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1H, 7, 29, 52, 74, 97, 112, 126, 142, 159, 173)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, labeled “QUE Cté Vaudreuil / summit Mt. Rigaud / 30. VII. 1997 / D.M.Wood 220m ”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / borealis/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00037” (DMW).</p><p>Allotype ♀, labeled: “QUE Cté Vaudreuil / summit Mt. Rigaud / 28. VI. 1996 / D. M. Wood 220 m ”, “ALLOTYPE/ Eucelatoria / borealis/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00022” (DMW).</p><p>Paratypes, 13 ♀♀ and 15 ♂♂. Canada — British Columbia: 1 ♀, “Mission City, B.C./ 28 -VI- 1953 / W. R. M. Mason ”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / borealis/ Z.L. Burington [yellow label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00026” (CNC) . New Brunswick: 1 ♂, “Chamcook, N.B./ 9-VII-1965 / G.E. Shewell ”, “Chamcook Hill/ Summit. 637′”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00027” (DMW) . Ontario: 1 ♀, “ St. Lawrence Is. / Nat. Park; ONT./ Grenadier I. Center ”, “ 29-VII-1975 / R.J. Mc-Millan/ Malaise Trap / Code 2-115K-92”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00019” (CNC) . 3 ♀♀ and 1 ♂, as previous except “ 5- VIII-1975 / E. Sigler / Malaise Trap / Code 2-184B-11”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00020” [♀]; “ 6-VII-1975 / R.J. McMillan / Malaise Trap / Code 2-195M-18”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00021” [♀]; “ 29-VII-1995 / R.J. McMillan / Malaise Trap / Code 2-115K-79”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00024” [♀]; and “ 14-VII-1975 / E. Sigler / Malaise Trap / Code 2-42P-129”, “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00032” [♂; genitalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . 1 ♀, “ St. Lawrence Is. / Nat. Park, ONT./ Thwartway Is.”, “22: VII: 1976/ W. Reid/ Code 4182V-9”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00031” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “Sheffield - ONT./ Wentworth Co. / 5 -IX -1960 / Taylor &amp; Wood”, “SLIDE/ E5580522A/ No.”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00041” [terminalia in vial under specimen] (DMW) . 1 ♀, as previous except “ 25 -VII - 1960 ”, ZLB_E.Ferox 00042”. Quebec: 1 ♀, “Mi. 61 Rte. 58/ La Verendrye/ Prov. Pk. Que. / 20-VIII.1965 / D.M.Wood ”, “Photo by A.J./ Fleming 2010/ 2010-1049”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00023” (CNC) . 4 ♂♂, “QUE Cté Vaudreuil/ summit. Mt. Rigaud / 22. VII. 1997 / D.M. Wood 220m ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00327”, “00325”, “00036”, and “00038” (DMW) . 1 ♂, as previous except labeled “doesn’t fit either species [handwritten]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00043” (DMW) . 2 ♂♂, as previous except “ 27.VII.1995 ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00323”, “00322”, the second labeled “ Eucelatoria / texana [handwritten]” (DMW) . 2 ♂♂, as previous except “24. VI.98 (early year)”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00035” and “00034” (DMW) . 3 ♂♂, as previous except dates “19.VI.98 (early year)”, “ 21. VII. 1995 ”, and “ 16–18.VII. 1967 ”, specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00044”, “00324” (DMW), and 00033” (CNC), the final specimen with handwritten label “Collected same loc/ CNCDC620-11”. USA — Maryland: 1 ♀, “Beltsville/ 14.7.16 [1916] Md”, “RCShannon/ Coll”, “USNM ENT 00040026”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00347” (USNM) . Ohio: 1 ♀, “Amherst, Ohio / July, 1933”, “H J Reinhard/ Collector”, “ Xiphomyia / texana/ Reinhard Coll”, “SLIDE/ ES6807-11E/ No.”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00025” [terminalia in vial below specimen] (CNC) . West Virginia: 1 ♀ and ♂, “WV Pocahontas Co. / Cranberry Glades / 13.VII. 1999 / G.&amp;D.M.Wood ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00040” [♀] and “000326” [♂] (DMW) . 1 ♀, as previous except locality “Briery Knob/ road”, date “17.VIII.99”, and specimen ID “ZLB_E.Ferox 00039” (DMW) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is distinguished from other members of the E. ferox group by the diffuse, nearly absent tomentum of the thoracic notum rendering the thoracic vittae indistinct. It is most similar to E. texana in the subparallel paddle-shaped surstylus, the digitiform cercus in lateral view, the relatively short female piercer, and the usually gray thoracic and abdominal tomentum, but differs in addition to the dark thorax in having a partially yellow parafacial, an even shorter female piercer, weak ocellar setae, and a more rounded basal lobe on the surstylus.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin boreas, meaning “the north wind”, as E. borealis sp. nov. has the most northern distribution of all sword flies.</p><p>Description. [Described from 14 ♀♀ and 16 ♂♂; head measurements from 4 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 5.8–7.5 mm (mean = 6.6 mm).</p><p>Head. Fronto-orbital plate, vertex, upper half of post-ocular plate tomentum pale yellow, at times appearing almost gray. Parafacial pale yellow on upper half to upper three-fourths, on lower area ash-gray. Gena, postgena, occiput, and lower half of post-ocular plate tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setae dirty gray. Ocellar setae weak, one-half or less the length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 3 setea, subvibrissal ridge with 1 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on lower third or less. Postocellar setae one-half to three-fourths length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half length of postocellar seta. Outer vertical seta not differentiated in male, one-fourth to one-half length of inner vertical in female. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 3–5, last frontal setae level with or slightly past base of arista. Eye apparently bare or with very few, short setulae. Eye height 0.85 height head. Postpedicel length 0.4–0.7 (mean = 0.5) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.50–0.60 (mean = 0.56) height of head. Parafacial width 0.06–0.10 (mean = 0.08) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.2–0.4 (mean = 0.3) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.0–4.0 times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.25–0.40 (mean = 0.30) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow to tan at apex, darker at base; subcylindrical, slightly more dilated at tip on female; with short, stout dorsoapical setae.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3 dorsal width of thorax. Lateral tomentum fine diffuse gray, most visible on katepisternum, on some specimens seeming absent from anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow to gray, dense on postpronotum, thinning medially and posteriorly on mesonotum except for a small posteromedial triangle, such that central area of thorax seems shining black. Presutural outer vitta triangular, indistinct. Postsutural outer vitta indistinct to apparently absent. Inner thoracic vittae linear, indistinct on presutural area except for anterior margin, indistinct to apparently absent on postsutural area. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow-gray to gray, diffuse, covering apical half or more. Postpronotum with 3 setae, occasionally with a fourth seta much weaker than the others. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae, the anterior seta weak. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands diffuse gray, occasionally with yellow tinge, one-fourth to one-third length of T3–5, with faint median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands gray, their extent as in dorsal bands. T4 with 1 pair of median marginal setae and 3–4 strong erect lateral setae, such that the marginal setae appear to form a widely spaced row.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 126, 142, 159). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.2 width of basal notch; apical lobes 1.3 times length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded, with emargination depth subequal width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus flipper-shaped, bluntly pointed to subquadrate at tip, gradually curved at posterior base, nearly parallel sided along mid length. Cercus in lateral view expanded at base, subcylindrical along midsection, apex rounded to pointed tip; in caudal view gradually narrowed from base, somewhat expanded at apex. Upper lobe bluntly rounded, 0.3 length of cercus. Median section 0.4 length of cercus. Apical cleft narrow, nearly parallel sided, 0.3 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.46 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 97, 112). Piercer generally extending to middle of T4, in lateral view gradually curved near base, more strongly curved on apical third; in posterior view, parallel sided on basal third, gradually narrowed to tip.Aculeate lobe 1.7 times height of segment seven base. End tergite thin, rectangular, four times as long as wide. Cercus with 5 setae; ventral elongation subequal length of cercus. Postgenital plate with 12 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Eucelatoria borealis sp. nov. is the most northern of all the E. ferox group species, with most individuals collected in southern Ontario and Quebec (Fig. 173). It has been found as far North and West as southern British Columbia, as far east as New Brunswick, and as far south as West Virginia.</p><p>Discussion. This species was previously included as part of the geographic extent of E. texana (O’Hara &amp; Wood 2004), but it is here separated by its distinctive characters, namely, the dark colored thoracic dorsum nearly devoid of tomentum, the faint or nearly absent thoracic vittae on everything except the anterior edge of the presutural area, the faint yellow coloration of the dorsal half of the parafacial, and the shorter piercer length of the female. The subparallel margins of the cercus past mid length in lateral view suggest a close relationship with E. texana and E. borealis sp. nov., as opposed to the dilated apex of the cercus in E. sabroskyi sp. nov. The dark thoracic coloration may seem similar side by side to the several species with triangular tomentum on the presutural area (e.g., E. kopis sp. nov.), but these species are entirely Neotropical. Males may be confused with E. auriceps or E. texana if head and thorax coloration is ambiguous, but generally the posterior margin of the surstylus in E. borealis sp. nov. is less rounded than in E. auriceps and the basal lobe is more rounded than in E. texana . If localities such as the Thousand Islands, Ontario, and Mt. Rigaud, Quebec, are any indication, this species is associated with a cooler temperate forest element than the related E. auriceps . The apparently disjunct individual in British Columbia is surprising, but genetic evidence (Fig. 1) suggests it belongs to the same species. Genetic support for a sister species is absent, but there is low support for a close relationship between E. borealis sp. nov., other North American species, and several Central American species of the E. gladiatrix subgroup.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6695D8F54FF1BF8EEFCAA823B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669538F56FF1BF99EFD2282BF.text	038687B669538F56FF1BF99EFD2282BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria charapensis (Townsend 1919)	<div><p>Eucelatoria charapensis (Townsend, 1919)</p><p>(Figs 8–9, 30–31, 53–54, 75–76, 98, 113, 127, 143, 160, 174)</p><p>Urodexodes charapensis Townsend, 1919: 572 . Holotype, Peru, Charape River (USNM). Other references: Guimarães (1971: 151).</p><p>Eucelatoria charapensis: Wood (1985: 40) .</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♂, labeled “R Charape Peru / 4500ft 16.IX.11 [1911]”, “CHTTownsend/ Coll”, “Type No./ 22229/ U.S.N.M.”, “ Urodexodes / charapensis/ ♂ DetCHTT T.”, “USNMENT/ 01384158” (USNM).</p><p>Other material. 4 ♀♀ and 11 ♂♂. Bolivia — Cochabamba : 1 ♀, “ BOLIVIA Cbba Chapare / VillaTunari –Cochabamba/ road - km 358 - 1300m / Pruett &amp; Wood 23.III.95”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00400” (DMW) . 1 ♀, as previous locality, but “km 365 - 1800m / G. &amp; M. Wood 3–10.XII.96”, the specimen ID “00393” (DMW) . Costa Rica — Guanacaste: 1 ♂, “LEGS AWAY/ FOR DNA”, “DHJPAR0015022”, “ Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http:// janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./06-SRNP-56039”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00005” (CNC) . San José: 2 ♂♂, “ COSTA RICA S Jose [sic]/ Cerros de Escazu / Alto Granadilla 1600m / 9.I.99 G. &amp; M. Wood ”, the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00168” and “00169” (DMW) . Ecuador — Orellana: 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, “ECUADOR: Orellana Prov / nr. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.333336&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.6333333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.333336/lat -0.6333333)">El Bigal Reserve</a> / 00°38′ S 77°20′W / 25-xii-2012 450m / J.O. Stireman III”, “[blank pink label]”, the tissue voucher labels “KMP15” and “KMP11”, the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00395” [♂] (JOSC; to be deposited in MECN) and “00394” [♀] (JOSC) . Jamaica: 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, “ Jamaica, B.W.I./ St. Andrew / FERRY/ 24 July 1955 / T. H. FARR”, USNM numbers “USNM ENT 00040053” and “00040054”, and the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00316” and “00317” (USNM) . Mexico — Chiapas: 2 ♂♂, “MEXICO Chiapas / Lagunas de Monte-/ bello 21.IX.1991 / D.M. Wood 1580m ”, the ID labels “ZLB_E.Ferox 00167” and “00202” (DMW) . 1 ♂, “MEXICO Chiapas / 6 km N Bochil / 19.IX.1982 / M. Wood 1300m ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00295” (DMW) . Panama — Coclé: 1 ♂, “ El Valle / Panama / I-1947 ”, “ N. L. H. Krauss ”, “USNM ENT 00040016”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00341” (USNM) . USA — Puerto Rico: 1 ♂, “Arecibo/ P.R. 4-17-34”, “Grapefruit/ Grove”, “Faxon. Mills/ Anderson”, “San.Juan/ No5364”, “all Bl abd-/ pd+p br. on t1/ erect abd. hairs/? ♂ Xiphomyia ”, “USNM ENT/ 00875981”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00353” (USNM) . 1 ♂, “Mayaguez, P.R./ Feb. 1937 / Coll: L. Colón ”, “Maldonado/ 55-9020”, “28”, “ Xiphomyia ?/ ♂ ”, “USNM ENT/ 00875978”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00354”the [terminalia in vial under specimen] (USNM) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is similar to other large bodied species such as E. gladiatrix, E. falcata sp. nov., and E. yanayacu sp. nov. in that the ocellar setae are small, the thoracic vittae are V-shaped, the head tomentum is largely yellow, and the piercer is more than half the length of the abdomen, but differs from these in that the ventral setae on abdominal T1+2 are pale, not entirely black. The male cercus, unlike most E. ferox group species, is mostly linear in lateral view, without a basal expansion and distal narrowing. It is most similar to the close relative, E. fordlandia sp. nov., which also has white setulae ventrobasally on the abdomen, but which has a pale gray, more parallel sided parafacial and thinner thoracic vittae. The terminalia of E. fordlandia sp. nov. and E. charapensis are nearly identical, except that the cercus upper lobe is shorter and the inner margin rounder in E. fordlandia sp. nov. than in E. charapensis .</p><p>Redescription. [Redescribed from 4 ♀♀ and 11 ♂♂. Head measurements from 3 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 6.4–10.5 mm (mean = 8.5 mm).</p><p>Head. Fronto-orbital plate, vertex, dorsal half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum light to dark yellow, appearing golden in light; lower half of post-ocular plate, genal dilation, and parafacial yellow. Postgena and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setae gray on postgena, ranging to yellow, sometimes light yellow, on dorsal part of occiput. Ocellar setae minute to apparently absent, usually indistinguishable from surrounding clothing setulae of ocellar triangle. Gena with 3–6 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on lower third or less. Postocellar setae one-half length of posterior reclinate orbital setae. Paravertical seta one-half to two-thirds length of postocellar seta. Outer vertical seta indistinguishable in length from post-ocular setae. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 5–11, last frontal seta level with arista base. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.85. Postpedicel length 0.35–0.40 (mean = 0.39) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.45–0.50 (mean = 0.48) height of head. Parafacial width 0.1 lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.30–0.40 (mean = 0.33) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 1.4–2.3 (mean = 1.8) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.20–0.40 (mean = 0.25) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus tan to dark brown; subcylindrical; slightly dilated at apex, more so in females; with dense short, stout black setae dorsally on apical half in females [less in males]; several long thin setae laterally at mid length; several thin black setae ventral near apex; and few to many thin ventral setae from near apex to mid length.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length subequal to 1.25 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum gray, merging to yellow on upper half. Dorsal tomentum yellow to gray. Presutural outer vitta triangular to irregular bar-shaped, usually connected to anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta bar to oval shaped, wider near anterior apex, distinctly disconnected from anterior vitta. Inner thoracic vittae divergent, linear, extending to level of first or second postsutural dorsocentral seta; separated from outer postsutural vittae by thin lines of tomentum or fused. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow to gray, extending over one-fourth to one-half of surface. Postpronotum with 3 setae, occasionally with an additional seta. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal setae, the most distal largest, the basal two smaller and subequal. Wing hyaline, at most lightly infuscated around apex of radial sector.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle entirely black in female, black with tan basolateral spots on T 3–4 in male; ventral setulae on S1, S2, and T1+2 pale, on remainder of abdomen black, rarely with pale setulae extending onto T3. Dorsal tomentum bands yellow to gray, extending one-half to two-thirds length of T3–5. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray, extending over two-thirds to three-fourths ventral surface of T3–5, usually with some gray tomentum ventrally on T1+2. T4 with apparently 2 pairs medial marginal setae and 2–4 pairs erect lateral marginal setae; females with fewer, weaker lateral setae; in males, appearing as a widely spaced row of marginal setae.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 127, 143, 160). Sternite 5 basal plate blunt, apparently without median teeth; apical lobes 0.9 times length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly and bluntly angled on posterior margin, rounded on anterobasal margin, narrowed slightly to digitiform apex, posterior emargination subequal width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus paddle shaped, blunt angled on posterior margin, gradually rounded on anterior margin, apex blunt, basal lobe margin with blunt obtuse angle. Cercus in lateral view subdigitiform, slightly dilated at base of basal lobe, slightly narrowed at mid length, slightly broader near apex; in caudal view lateral margins roughly angled, apex blunt. Upper lobe subtriangular, apex blunt, inner margin sublinear and angled to base; 0.35 length of cercus. Median section 0.3 length of cercus. Apical cleft narrow, subparallel, 0.35 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.46 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 98, 113). Piercer generally extending past apex of T3, in lateral view gradually curved to slightly bent apex; in posterior view margins straight, angled to apex. Aculeate lobe 2.4 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite halves fused at base, with basomedial projection; forked apically, the pointed halves each 1.8 times the width of the fused base. Cercus with 5 setae, ventral elongation 3 times length of cercus, extending more than half the distance to the apex of the end tergite forks. Postgenital plate with 8 setae.</p><p>Host(s). One male has been reared from Diaphania plumbidorsalis (Guenée) (Crambidae) feeding on bitter melon ( Momordica charantia L., Curcubitaceae) in Costa Rica (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008).</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals have been collected from southern Mexico to Bolivia, with intermediate records from Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Panama, Ecuador, and Peru, at elevations from 1800 m to nearly sea level (Fig. 174).</p><p>Discussion. Given the large geographic range and apparent color and size variability, it is probable that E. charapensis is a species complex; only E. fordlandia sp. nov. (described separately) is currently distinguishable. Among the variants, the two individuals from El Bigal Reserve are overall darker in coloration, with a broader thorax and wider parafacial (Figs 9, 31, 54, 76). However, the El Bigal individuals are in poor condition and CO1 sequences do not seem to differ substantially from the Costa Rica individual (Fig. 1). The sequence for “T789” refers to the female El Bigal specimen (ZLB_E.Ferox 00394); the long branch is due to base pair ambiguities caused by contamination. Further collecting will be needed to determine whether these are separate species or distinctive populations. The genetic data do not give any indication of a sister species, nor is there any apparent population structure (Fig. 1). There is strong support for E. charapensis as sister to the rest of the E. gladiatrix subgroup (Fig. 1).</p><p>The single reared specimen parasitized a caterpillar feeding upon bitter melon. This introduced food crop is native to Asia and widely cultivated in Central and South America and the Caribbean. The host, Diaphania plumbidorsalis, is native to Central and South America, and is likely a typical host for E. charapensis . The typical plant host for D. plumbidorsalis is another curcubit (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008), Sycidium tamnifolium (Kunth.) Cogn. Thus, there is a possible route for dispersal via caterpillars advantageously feeding on bitter melon to the Greater Antilles islands of Jamaica and Puerto Rico. This dispersal route suggests that E. charapensis should be present on other Caribbean islands and explains the otherwise strange occurrence of E. charapensis individuals on islands separated from the mainland by 500 miles of ocean but otherwise identical to mainland individuals. The unique character of pale setulae ventral on abdominal S1 and T1+2 distinguishes males and females from species other than E. fordlandia sp. nov. in the E. ferox group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669538F56FF1BF99EFD2282BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669518F51FF1BF91AFB0C81F2.text	038687B669518F51FF1BF91AFB0C81F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria crambivora Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria crambivora sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 32, 77, 179)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, labeled “LEGS AWAY/ FOR DNA”, “DHJPAR0044950”, “Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http://janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 11 -SRNP-55780”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / crambivora/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “ Eucelatoria / Janzen10.2/ ZL Burington 20”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00404” (CNC).</p><p>Recognition. The male of E. crambivora sp. nov. is most similar to E. jorgecortesi sp. nov. and E. woodorum sp. nov. in sharing four thin thoracic vittae, broad and even abdominal tomentum bands, and yellow palpi. It differs from both species in that the parafacial tomentum is gray.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin suffix - vora (“eater”) and the host family of moths, Crambidae .</p><p>Description. Male [described from 1 specimen]. Length 8.5 mm.</p><p>Head. Fronto-orbital plate, vertex, and upper half of post-ocular plate tomentum dense yellow. Parafacial, vibrissal angle, genal dilation, lower half of post-ocular plate, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray to gray. Pale occipital setae yellow-gray. Ocellar setae more than three-fourths length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 3–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 strong seta, a second thinner seta present. Facial ridge with setulae on less than lower one-third. Postocellar setae two-thirds length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta two-thirds length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta slightly differentiated from post-orbital row, no more than one-fourth length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 8, last frontal seta level with base of arista. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.85. Postpedicel length 0.51 height of head. Facial ridge length 0.28 height of head. Parafacial width 0.12 lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.36 length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 1.7 times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.22 width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow, slightly dilated and flattened at apex; with dense short, stout setulae dorsoapically, and longer, thinner setulae mediolaterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum gray. Dorsal tomentum yellow. Presutural outer vitta subtriangular, pointed anteriorly. disconnected from anterior margin Postsutural outer vitta subfusiform, disconnected from presutural outer vitta and inner vitta. Inner thoracic vittae slightly divergent, bar-shaped; extending to second postsutural dorsocentral seta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum dirty gray, covering one-half area. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands gray, even, covering one-half to threefourths T3–5, with at most a thin, indistinct median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray, covering one-half to two thirds T3–5, with diffuse tomentum near margin of T1+2. T4 marginal setae forming continuous row, such that there appear to be 2 pairs of medial marginal setae and more than 4 pairs of lateral marginal setae extending to ventral margin of T4.</p><p>Terminalia. Unknown [holotype was not dissected as it is the only known individual].</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Host(s). One individual was reared from an undescribed species of Crambidae feeding on Iresina diffusa Humb. &amp; Bonpl. (Amaranthaceae) (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008).</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. This species is known only from the type locality, where it was collected in seasonal moist forest at 733 m elevation (Fig. 179).</p><p>Discussion. Eucelatoria crambivora sp. nov., E. jorgecortesi sp. nov., and E. woodorum sp. nov. appear to form a species complex of Crambidae-parasitizing individuals with yellow palpi and broad abdominal bands. This would suggest that the female of E. crambivora sp. nov. would also have a short piercer, as do females of the other two species. The parafacial color should reliably separate E. jorgecortesi sp. nov. from the other two. Genetic data strongly support E. crambivora sp. nov. and E. jorgecortesi sp. nov. as sister species (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669518F51FF1BF91AFB0C81F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669568F53FF1BF9D6FC038007.text	038687B669568F53FF1BF9D6FC038007.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria falcata Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria falcata sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 10, 33, 55, 78, 99, 114, 128, 144, 161, 174)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, labeled “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a> / 27°11′S, 52°23′ W / Brazil 300–500m / X 1968 / Fritz Plaumann”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / falcata/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, ZLB_E.Ferox 00272” (CNC).</p><p>Allotype ♀, labeled “ Nova Teutonia / S.C. - BRAZIL / Oct. 1961 / F. Plaumann ”, “ ALLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / falcata/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00276” (DMW).</p><p>Paratypes, 9 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂. Brazil — Santa Catarina : 1 ♀, labeled “Nova Teutonia/ S.C. - BRAZIL / March 1960 / F. Plaumann ”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / falcata/ Z.L. Burington [yellow label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00273” (DMW) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ Sept. 1960 ” and specimen ID “00278” (DMW) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ Dec. 1960 ” and specimen ID “00282” (DMW) . 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “ May 1961 ” and specimen IDs “00281” and “00280” (DMW) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ Nov. 1961 ” and specimen ID “00279” (DMW) . 1 ♂, “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a> / 27°11′S, 52°23′W / Brazil 300–500m / 17.IX.1962 / Fritz Plaumann”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00321” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “ Nova Teutonia / S.C. - BRAZIL / Dec. 1962 / F. Plaumann ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00275” (DMW) . 1 ♀, “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a> / 27°11′S, 52°23′W / Brazil 300–500m / II-1965 / Fritz Plaumann ”, “ Xiphomyia / nr. gladiatrix/ oc. too large/ Det.D.M.Wood 1979”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00270” (CNC) . 1 ♂, “ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-52.383335&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -52.383335/lat -27.183332)">Nova Teutonia</a> / 27°11′S, 52°23′ W / Brazil 300–500m / XII.1965 / Fritz Plaumann ”, “ Urodexodes / nr. charapensis/ oc. too large/ Det. D.M. Wood 1979”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00271” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ Dec. 1966 ”, USNM number “00875984” and specimen ID “00352” (USNM) . 1 ♀, “ Brasilien [sic]/ Nova Teutonia / 27°11′B, 52°23′L/ Fritz Plaumann / III 1968 / 300 500 m ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00274” [terminalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is most similar to E. yanayacu sp. nov., E. gladiatrix, and E. charapensis in its relatively large size and V-shaped thoracic vittae. It differs from these species in that the ocellar setae are strong, the inner and outer thoracic vittae are fused on the postsutural area, the abdominal setulae are entirely black, and the abdominal tomentum bands are broken by a thin median vitta. The round forceps-like shape of the cercus in caudal view is distinctive, as is the extended elongation of the cercus and forked end tergite of the female.</p><p>Etymology. From the Latinate falcata, a sickle-shaped sword (= ensis falcatus) used in the Iberian Peninsula before the Roman period. Named for both the long sword-like piercer and the broadly curved male cercus that resembles its namesake.</p><p>Description. [Described from 10 ♀♀ and 4 ♂♂.] Length 6.4–10.1 mm (mean = 8.2 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, face, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum yellow, shining gold in the light, often with the ventral half of the post-ocular area shining gray. Genal dilation tomentum yellow-gray. Postgena and occiput tomentum ash-gray, sometimes with patches of shining yellow. Pale occipital setulae yellow to gray. Ocellar setae strong, subequal to length to slightly longer than posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 4–6 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1–3 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on lower third or less. Postocellar setae one-third to one-half length ocellar setae. Paravertical seta subequal to length to slightly longer than postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta one-fourth to one-third length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 5–7, base of last frontal seta level with arista base, often slightly before or beyond. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.83–0.85 (mean = 0.84). Postpedicel length 0.35–0.41 (mean = 0.38) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.45–0.52 (mean = 0.49) height of head. Parafacial width 0.06–0.09 (mean = 0.07) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.28–0.34 (mean = 0.32) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 1.7–3.0 (mean = 2.4) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.19–0.33 (mean = 0.25) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow-tan to light brown, darkened to dark brown at base; subcylindrical, slightly expanded and flattened at apex, more so in female; with dense stout dorsoapical setulae, several stout apicoventral setulae, several long thin setulae laterally at mid length, and many dorsal and ventral thin minute setulae from mid length to base.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.2–1.3 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray, merging to yellow on dorsal part of katepisternum and anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow. Presutural outer vitta subrectangular, usually disconnected from anterior margin, connected to postsutural outer vitta across suture. Postsutural outer vitta rectangular, connected to inner vittae near posterior apex forming a “V” shape. Inner thoracic vittae linear, bar shaped, slightly divergent, thinner than outer vittae, extending on postsutural area to level of second dorsocentral seta and connecting to postsutural outer vittae at this point. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow to yellow-gray, covering apical half of surface, less dense medially. Postpronotum with 4 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Fore tibia with 1–2 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands ash-gray to yellow-gray; with a thin but distinct median vitta; covering one-fourth to one-half length of T3–5. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray to yellowgray, covering one-half to three-fourths length of T2–5. T4 with 1 pair of median marginal setae; in males with a row of 6 lateral marginal setae on each side, descending to ventral margin of T4; in females with a single pair of lateral marginal setae and at most a few long marginal setulae ventral to these.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 128, 144, 161). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth blunt, divergent, separated by 0.2 width basal notch; apical lobes 1.7 times length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded on posterior margin, subparallel on basal two-thirds, slightly narrowed to curved blunt apex; anterior emargination less than width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus subequal to length of cercus, gradually rounded along anterior and posterior margins to rounded blunt apex; with long thin setulae on lateral surface and at apex. Cercus in lateral view expanded at base, subparallel along apical two thirds, with small dorsoapical hook; in caudal view upper lobe rectangular, subparallel; broadened at median section; apical lobe broadly rounded and narrowed towards apex. Upper lobe 0.3 length of cercus. Median section 0.25 length of cercus. Apical cleft broad, oval shaped, with apices inclinate, 0.45 length of cercus. Syncercus apex in caudal view 0.5 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 99, 114). Piercer generally extending past apex of T1+2, often nearly to base of abdomen, in lateral view gradually curved to bent apex; in posterior view parallel sided on basal one-third, gradually narrowed to apex. Aculeate lobe 3.7 times height of the base of segment 7. End tergite plates fused basally, extending as pair of long pointed lobes. Cercus with 5–7 setulae; ventral elongation nearly as long as end tergite, extending past apex of end tergite forks. Postgenital plate with 12 setulae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Eucelatoria falcata sp. nov. is known only from surveys by Fritz Plaumann in Nova Teutonia, Santa Catarina, Brazil (Fig. 174). Individuals were collected in September through May.</p><p>Discussion. D. M. Wood noted on two specimen labels that this species is similar to E. charapensis and E. gladiatrix, but that the ocellar setae are too large. The strong ocellar setae will separate both males and females from most other large bodied E. ferox group species with long piercers, including E. charapensis, E. gladiatrix, and E. yanayacu sp. nov. The shape of the male cercus distinguishes E. falcata from all other known Eucelatoria; indeed, the shape is similar to the cercus of Lixophaga, but all other characters of the male genitalia suggest a normal Blondelia g roup species. The structure of the female terminal abdominal segments is also distinctive in that the ventral elongation of the cercus extends basally past the apex of the end tergite. The halves of the end tergite are fused basally and bifid apically, which is a condition shared by E. charapensis and E. falcata sp. nov. that suggests an affinity between these species.</p><p>Care should be taken not to confuse males of this species with those of E. aurata . Both have been collected exclusively in the Brazilian Highlands region, and both have yellow tomentum on the head and thorax. Thus, an E. aurata male may be mistaken as a small E. falcata sp. nov. male in initial sorting. The shape of the cercus (Fig. 128) and the thoracic vittae (Figs 10, 33) are sufficient to separate the two.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669568F53FF1BF9D6FC038007	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669548F6DFF1BFB82FA9684EF.text	038687B669548F6DFF1BFB82FA9684EF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria fordlandia Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria fordlandia sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 11, 34, 56, 79, 100, 115, 129, 145, 162, 174)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, labeled “James’ Camp/ Fordlandia/ Brazil ”, “CHT Townsend/ Collr. VII-18”, “HOLOTYPE/ Eucelatoria / fordlandia/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 000299”, “USNM ENT 00040085” (USNM).</p><p>Allotype ♀, labeled “James’ Camp/ Fordlandia/ Brazil ”, “CHT Townsend/ Collr. VII-28”, “ Hemilydella ”, “ALLOTYPE/ Eucelatoria / borealis/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00314”, “USNM ENT 00040065”. (USNM).</p><p>Paratypes, 5 ♀♀ and 15 ♂♂. Brazil — Pará: twelve ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀, “James’ Camp/ Fordlandia/ Brazil ”, “CHT Townsend/ Collr. VII-18”, the USNM numbers “USNM ENT 00040086”, “00040071”, “00040072”, “00040073”, “00040074”, “00040077”, “00040078”, “00040027”, “00040076”, “00040080”, “00040081”, “00040084”, “00040069”, “00040082”, and “00040083”, the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00300” [♂], “00301” [♂], “00302” [♂], “00303” [♂], “00304” [♂], “00307” [♂], “00308” [♂], “00346” [♂], “00306” [♂], “00359” [♂], “00360” [♀], “00298” [♂], “00310” [♀], “00361” [♂; genitalia in vial under specimen], and “00362” [♀], the final specimen additionally labeled “[struckout ‘Urodexodes’]/ Hemilydella / DetCHTT ♀ ♂ ” (USNM) . 3 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “VII-28”, the USNM numbers “USNM ENT 00040076”, “0040066”, “0040070”, “0040065”, “0040075”, and “0040068”, and the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00312” [♂], “00313” [♂], “00309” [♂], “00305”[♀], and “00311”[♀] (USNM). Rio de Janeiro: 1 ♀, “Campos/ Rio J.”, “ Hemilydella ”, “USNM ENT 00040055”, “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00318” (USNM) .</p><p>Recognition. Individuals of E. fordlandia sp. nov. are most similar to E. charapensis, as both have pale setulae ventrobasally on the abdomen and tan lateral areas on the abdomen in males, but in E. fordlandia sp. nov. the lower half of the parafacial is gray, the thoracic vittae are usually thinner, and the upper lobe of the male cercus is smaller with a rounded inner margin.</p><p>Etymology. From the name of the type locality, Fordlandia, an industrial colony financed by Henry Ford for the production of cheaper rubber for the automobile industry. The colony was active from 1928 to its abandonment in 1934; the type and other specimens were apparently collected during Charles Henry Tyler Townsend’s time working as an agricultural entomologist there (Evenhuis 2013).</p><p>Description. [Described from 6 ♀♀ and 16 ♂♂. Head measurements from 4 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 6.5–8.5 mm (mean = 7.5 mm).</p><p>Head. Fronto-orbital plate, vertex, and upper half of post-ocular plate tomentum pale yellow. Parafacial tomentum pale gray merging to pale yellow on upper one-fourth. Vibrissal angle, genal dilation, lower half of post-ocular plate, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setulae gray, merging to pale yellow on upper half. Ocellar setae minute, hair-like, to apparently absent, at greatest less than one-half length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 3–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on lower third or less. Postocellar setae one-half length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Paravertical seta three-fourths length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta undifferentiated. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 4–7, last frontal seta level with base of arista. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.85. Postpedicel length 0.35–0.40 (mean = 0.38) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.40–0.50 (mean = 0.48) height of head. Parafacial width 0.07–0.12 (mean = 0.09) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.30–0.35 (mean = 0.32) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 1.50–3.75 (mean = 2.20) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.20–0.25 (mean = 0.24) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow-tan to light brown; subcylindrical in males, slightly dilated and flattened at the tip in females; with dense short apicodorsal setulae, several short apicoventral setulae, several long black lateral setulae, and several long pale setulae interspersed.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum gray, merging to yellow on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum pale yellow to gray. Presutural outer vitta triangular, pointed towards anterior, disconnected from anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta fusiform, pointed towards posterior apex, disconnected from presutural outer vitta. Inner thoracic vittae bar shaped, subparallel to slightly divergent, subequal in width to outer vittae, separated from outer vittae, extending to the second dorsocentral seta on the postsutural area. Scutellar dorsal tomentum gray to pale yellow, covering one-half to three-fourths dorsal area. Postpronotum with 3 setae with occasionally a small fourth seta. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae, the anterior seta weak, occasionally absent. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal seta. Wing lightly infuscated between costa and radial sector, otherwise hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle entirely black in female; males with tan to light brown basolateral spots on T2–4. Setulae pale on S1 and ventrally on T1+2, otherwise black. Dorsal tomentum bands ash-gray, with median vitta in males, usually continuous in females, covering one-half to three fourths of T3–5. Ventral tomentum bands gray, diffuse over one-half to entirety of T3–5. T4 with 1 widely spaced pair of median marginal setae and 3 pairs of lateral marginal setae.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 129, 145, 162). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.5 width of basal notch; apical lobes subequal to length of basal plate. Postgonite blunt angled on posterior margin, broadly rounded basally, narrowed to digitiform apex; anterior emargination subequal in depth to width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus slightly longer than cercus, paddle-shaped, broadly rounded on posterior and anterior margins, apex blunt; basal lobe margin broadly rounded. Cercus in lateral view subparallel along most of length, slightly expanded at base of basal lobe; in caudal view lateral margin linear, tapered to blunt apex. Upper lobe rectangular, with semicircular inner margin; 0.3 length of cercus. Median section 0.4 length of cercus. Apical cleft narrow, parallel sided, 0.3 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.50 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 100, 115). Piercer generally extending past apex of T3, in lateral view gradually curved to slightly bent apex; in posterior view margins straight, angled to apex. Aculeate lobe 2.4 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite halves fused at base, with blunt basomedial extension, forked apically, the pointed halves each 1.8 times the width of the fused base. Cercus with 4 setulae; ventral elongation length subequal to 2 times length of main cercus body, extending less than half the distance to the apex of the end tergite forks. Postgenital plate with 10 setulae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals of E. fordlandia sp. nov. are known only from Brazil (Fig. 174). Both males and females have been collected in July at the type locality .</p><p>Discussion. This species is separated from E. charapensis based upon the pale gray color of the parafacial and the usually thinner thoracic vittae, as well as the short upper lobe of the male cercus. Townsend recognized the dissimilarity between E. charapensis and this species. In one case (ZLB_E.Ferox 00362) he first labeled the specimen “ Urodexodes ”, crossed out the name, and wrote “ Hemilydella ” underneath; apparently he felt it more similar to the disparate E. aurata, another species found in Brazil that does not share the white setulae on the abdomen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669548F6DFF1BFB82FA9684EF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6696A8F6FFF1BFEAAFAFE8022.text	038687B6696A8F6FFF1BFEAAFAFE8022.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria gladiatrix (Townsend 1917)	<div><p>Eucelatoria gladiatrix (Townsend, 1917)</p><p>(Figs 1G, 12, 35, 57, 80, 101, 116, 130, 146, 163, 174)</p><p>Xiphomyia gladiatrix Townsend, 1917: 126 . Holotype, Panama, Cabima (USNM). Other references: Guimarães (1971: 151).</p><p>Proroglutea pilligera Townsend, 1919: 574 . Holotype, Costa Rica, San Carlos (USNM). Other references: Guimarães (1971: 146). Syn. nov.</p><p>Eucelatoria gladiatrix: Wood (1985: 40) .</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♀, labeled “CabimaPan/ May 17.11/ AugustBusck”, “Type No./ 20799/ U.S. N.M.”, “ Xiphomyia / gladiatrix/ ♀ / DetCHT T.” (USNM).</p><p>Holotype ♂ of “ Proroglutea pilligera ”, labeled “SanCarlos/ CostaRica”, “CollSchild/ &amp; Bingdorf”, “Type No./ 22252/ U.S. N.M.”, “ Proroglutea / ♂ pilligera/ DetCHT T.” (USNM).</p><p>Other material examined. 13 ♀♀ and 13 ♂♂. Costa Rica — Guanacaste : 1 ♂, “81-SRNP-280”, “ Santa Rosa National Park / Guanacaste Province / Costa Rica, D.J. Janzen ” (CNC) . 1 ♂, “LEGS AWAY/ FOR DNA”, “DHJPAR0035706”, “Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http://janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 09 -SRNP- 41488”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00363” (CNC) . 5 ♂♂ and 7 ♀♀, as previous except DHJPAR numbers “DHJPAR0017869”, “DHJPAR0035982”, “DHJPAR0035824”, “DHJPAR0035730”, “DHJPAR0046689”, “DHJPAR0034414”, “DHJPAR0035743”, “DHJPAR0014981”, “DHJPAR0035800”, “DHJPAR0024451”, “DHJPAR0017870”, and “DHJPAR0014980”, SRNP numbers “05-SRNP-41790”, “09- SRNP-70832”, “09-SRNP-69469”, “09-SRNP-41491”, “11-SRNP-66139”, “09-SRNP-41155”, “09-SRNP-41780”, “06-SRNP-41826”, “09-SRNP-69389”, “08-SRNP-70391”, “05-SRNP-24270”, and “06-SRNP-41925”, and specimen IDs “00364” [♂], “00365”[♂], “00367”[♂], “00360”[♂], “00378”[♀], “00377”[♀], “00379”[♀], “00380”[♀], “00381”[♀], “00382”[♀], “00375”[♂], “00376”[♀] [final two with terminalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . 1 ♀, “ COSTA RICA: Guanacaste Prov. / Diria N.P. 933 m / 10°08.34′ S [sic; N] 85°37.50′W / 5–6.I.2015 / J.O. Stireman, A. Eckhardt ”, “JOS115.30”, [pink label], “ Eucelatoria / sp. ( Xiphomyia grp.)”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00328” (JOSC). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-85.625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -85.625/lat -10.139)">Ecuador</a> —Orellana : 1 ♂, “ ECUADOR: Orellana Prov. / Shiripuno Lodge/ 01°06′ 282″ S 076°43′ 896″W/ 28–29- xii - 2012 / J.O. Stireman III”, “JOS1212.87”, [blank pink label], “ Eucelatoria sp. / Det. J.O. Stireman III”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00370” (JOSC; to be deposited in MECN). Mexico — Oaxaca: 1 ♀, “ MEXICO Oax 1 km N/ Portillo del Rayon / ca Km 188 1400m / 25.VII.92 D.M.Wood ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00285” (DMW). Veracruz : 1 ♀, “ MEX: Veracruz, UNAM/ Los Tuxtlas Estac./ Biol., N Catemaco/ 16–19 Sept. 1989 / E Barrera, TJ Henry,/ &amp; IM Kerzhner colls.”, “ Eucelatoria / gladiatrix/ (Townsend)/ det. Woodley 1989”, “USNM ENT 00039945”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00385” (USNM). PANAMA—PM : 1 ♂, “Pantilla Pt./ Canal Zone/ 15.I.1929 ”, “Collector/ C. H. Curran ”, “ Proroglutea / pilligera [label folded]”, “Reinhard/ Collection”, “ Proroglutea / pilligera/ R Tns.”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00369” (CNC). Peru — Loreto : 1 ♀, “ 24VIII 1965 San Antonio/ LORETO, PERU 69/ Coll.J.C. Hitchcock,Jr. ”, “USNM ENT 00875971”, “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00356” (USNM). Madre de Dios: 1 ♀, “Avispas, Madre/ de Dios, PERU / 10–20.IX.1962 / L. Pena. 400m. ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00383” (CNC). San Martín: 1 ♀, “Tabalosas[sic]/ 8.XI Peru”, “ Xiphomyia / gladiatrix/ TT ♀ / DetCHTT”, “USNM ENT 00039941”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00384” (USNM). Venezuela — Aragua : 4 ♂, “ VENEZUELA Aragua / 11 km n Rancho/ Grande 25.II.1971 / G. &amp; M. Wood ”, the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00371”, “00372”, “00373”, and “00374” [final three with genitalia in vial under specimen] (DMW) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is similar to E. falcata sp. nov., E. yanayacu sp. nov., and E. charapensis in its large body size, V-shaped thoracic vittae, and minute ocellar setae. It differs in that the thin thoracic vittae do not merge on the postsutural area, the abdominal setulae are entirely black, and the abdominal tomentum bands are uninterrupted by a median vitta. Males of E. gladiatrix are distinct among all E. ferox group species in that the abdominal T5 bears a ventrolateral pair of patches bearing strong, oily black setulae (“sex patches”). The female piercer is the longest in the E. ferox group, the aculeate lobe usually 12 times or more the height of the seventh segment base. The piercer tip is usually held against the postmetacoxal membrane, making the aculeate lobe appear as a curved rod between the abdominal apex and hind coxae in lateral view. Females are nearly identical to E. luctuosa, which also has uninterrupted abdominal bands, but differ in having strong ocellar setae, a narrower parafacial, and a shorter piercer.</p><p>Redescription. [Redescribed from 11 ♀♀ and 13 ♂♂. Head measurements are from 3 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 6.4–10.1 mm (mean = 8.2 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, face, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum yellow, shining gold in the light, often with the ventral half of the post-ocular area shining gray. Genal dilation tomentum yellow-gray. Postgena and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setulae yellow to yellow-gray. Ocellar setae minute, barely differentiated from surrounding setulae of ocellar triangle, or apparently absent. Gena with 5–6 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on lower one-third or less. Postocellar setae two-thirds to three-fourths length posterior reclinate orbital seta. Paravertical seta subequal to length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta usually indistinguishable from post-ocular row of setae. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 6–9, usually less in females, base of last frontal seta level with arista. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.85–0.90 (mean = 0.88). Postpedicel length 0.34–0.37 (mean = 0.36) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.45–0.50 (mean = 0.48) height of head. Parafacial width 0.07–0.13 (mean = 0.09) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.28–0.38 (mean = 0.32) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 1.11–2.67 (mean = 2.13) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.15–0.25 (mean = 0.22) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus brown, subcylindrical; slightly flattened and inflated at the apex, more so in females; with short dense setulae dorsoapically, longer setulae mediolaterally, and numerous fine setulae ventrally from apex nearly to base.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3–1.5 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray on katepisternum, usually yellow-gray on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow, less dense and grayer between inner and outer vittae. Presutural outer vitta triangular, usually disconnected from anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta elliptical, pointed posteriorly, distinct from inner vittae but often seems connected due to less dense intermediate tomentum. Inner thoracic vittae linear, bar shaped, slightly divergent, distinct from outer vittae, extending on postsutural area to level of second dorsocentral seta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow to yellow-gray, covering three-fourths of surface. Postpronotum with 3–4 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 4 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline to lightly infuscated around costa and radial sector [in Venezuelan specimens, infuscation darker and extending to membranes along primary wing veins in anterior half of wing]. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands ash-gray, gold tinted near anterior margin; continuous, without a median vitta; covering one-third to one half length of T3–5. Ventral tomentum bands ashgray to yellow-tinged gray, covering one-half to two-thirds length of T3–5; in male, T5 with ventral patch of dense, dark oily setulae on shiny, slightly concave cuticle devoid of tomentum.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 130, 146, 163). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth squared off, apparently separated 0.6 width of basal notch; apical lobes 2 times length of basal plate. Postgonite strongly hooked, rounded on posterior margin, with anterior emargination 2 times width postgonite at mid length. Surstylus slightly longer than cercus, anterior and posterior margins subparallel on apical three-fourths, blunt at apex. Cercus in lateral view expanded at base, gradually narrowed at mid length, apical lobe with subparallel margins, cylindrical; in caudal view upper lobe rectangular, subparallel at median section, apical lobe gradually narrowed to blunt apex. Upper lobe 0.35 length of cercus. Median section 0.35 length of cercus. Apical cleft parallel sided, 0.3 length of cercus. Syncercus apex in caudal view 0.5 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 101, 116). Piercer generally extending past base of abdomen, in lateral view gradually curved to a slightly bent apex; in posterior view parallel sided on nearly entire length, gradually narrowed to apex on apical fifth. Aculeate lobe 6 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite narrow, length ten times width, narrowed near apex to blunt point. Cercus with 4–5 setulae; ventral extension no longer than width of main cercus body. Postgenital plate with 14 setulae.</p><p>Hosts. Thirty-eight individuals have been reared from species of Crambidae at Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Five of these were reared from Desmia Westwood species [including D. benealis Schaus and D. tages (Cramer)], one was reared from Palpusia plumipes (Dognin), eight were reared from a Leucochromodes Amsel species, one was reared from a Pilocrocis Lederer species, one was reared from Phostria latiapicalis (Schaus), and the remainder were reared from Piletosoma thialis Dyar and another Piletosoma Hampson species. Hosts were found feeding on several species of understory trees in the families Dilleniaceae, Rubiaceae, and Actinidiaceae, including Hamelia patens Jacq., Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Schult.) DC., Chimarrhis parviflora Standl., Sauraria montana Seem., and Dolicocarpus multiflorus Standl. (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008; see Table 2).</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Eucelatoria gladiatrix has been collected in lowland tropical rainforest and seasonal forests from southern Mexico to Northern Peru, with intermediate records from Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador (Fig. 174). Reared individuals in Costa Rica emerged throughout the year, with the largest emergences in June and July (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008).</p><p>Discussion. The presence of male sexual patches is an uncommon condition in Eucelatoria, and it is unknown in any other species of the E. ferox group. The E. gladiatrix patches are found only on the 5th abdominal tergite, a condition rare in Tachinidae, and are composed of thick, apparently oily setulae with a round depression-like annulus at each setal base set in shiny brown cuticle. This appears to match either Type I or II in the sexual patch classification of Cerretti et al. (2015), but electron photomicrographs would be needed to further classify them. The authors suggest the position on T5 rather than the typical T4 is due to “rearward shift of the focus of the activating or permissive signal” (Cerretti et al. 2015). As all known males from closely related species apparently lack sexual patches, it is not clear why males of E. gladiatrix uniquely possess them.</p><p>The E. gladiatrix piercer is the longest known in any Tachinidae, perhaps any Diptera barring some Tephritidae . It is somewhat flexible, such that the female can direct the apex against the postmetacoxal area when not in use. The disparity of male and female sexual characters led Townsend to name them originally as two separate genera, Proroglutea and Xiphomyia, but genetic evidence (Fig. 1) supports their synonymy. Males and females are otherwise identical in color patterns and other external characters.</p><p>With close to forty reared specimens, E. gladiatrix has one of the best records of host use of any species of the E. ferox group. The species seems to specialize on leaf-rolling Crambidae caterpillars feeding on broad-leaved tropical understory trees. Its use of five host genera would suggest it has a reasonably broad range of host use, a characteristic that may explain its wide distribution in the Neotropical Region.</p><p>The Mexican species E. rivalis and E. luctuosa resemble E. gladiatrix in coloration and vittae patterns, but in both cases the ocellar setae are distinct rather than minute or apparently absent. Genetic data weakly support E. gladiatrix as sister to a clade of several species, including North American E. ferox group members (Fig. 1). More interesting is the apparent genetic structure with at least three distinct and well supported genetic clusters (Fig. 1). As there are few morphological differences among the examined specimens, and as the genetic clusters are not divided by locality, it is not clear whether these represent intraspecific genetic variation or a cryptic species complex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6696A8F6FFF1BFEAAFAFE8022	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669688F6EFF1BFB66FDF28023.text	038687B669688F6EFF1BFB66FDF28023.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria jorgecortesi Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria jorgecortesi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 13, 58, 179)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, labeled “LEGS AWAY/ FOR DNA”, “DHJPAR0042611”, “Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http://janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 11 -SRNP- 1776”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / jorgecortesi/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “ Eucelatoria / Janzen10.1”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00401” (CNC).</p><p>Recognition. This species is similar to E. woodorum sp. nov. and E. crambivora sp. nov., in that all have four thin thoracic vittae, thick and even dorsal abdominal bands, yellow palpi, and (presumably) a short female piercer. They differ in that E. woodorum sp. nov. has a wider, triangular shaped piercer in caudal view and E. crambivora sp. nov. has a gray parafacial.</p><p>Etymology. By recommendation of Dr. Daniel Janzen, this species “is named in recognition of Dr. Jorge Cortés Nuñez for his full support of the new collaborations between Costa Rica’s Area de Conservación Guanacaste, CIMAR, and the Universidad de Costa Rica, and quite specifically, supporting ACG coral biology and the ACG marine parataxonomists”.</p><p>Redescription. Female [described from 1 specimen]. Length 7.3 mm.</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum dense yellow, appearing gold. Genal dilation, postgena, and occiput tomentum yellow-gray, appearing gray-gold. Pale occipital setulae yellow-gray. Ocellar setae weak, three-fourths length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 4–5 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta. Facial ridge with setulae on less than lower one-third. Postocellar setae subequal to length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half to two-thirds length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta slightly differentiated to undifferentiated, no more than one-fourth length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 2. Frontal setae 7–8, last frontal seta level with base of postpedicel. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.88. Postpedicel length 0.40 height of head. Facial ridge length 0.49 height of head. Parafacial width 0.09 lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.38 length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.0 times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.22 width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow, dilated and flattened at apex; with dense short, stout setulae dorsoapically, longer and thinner setulae mediolaterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray, merging to yellow-gray on upper half of anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum dense yellow. Presutural outer vitta subtriangular, pointed anteriorly, disconnected from anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta fusiform, disconnected from presutural outer vittae and inner vittae, extending nearly to level of last dorsocentral seta. Inner thoracic vittae bar shaped, slightly divergent, extending to level of second postsutural dorsocentral seta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow, covering more than one-half area. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia missing. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands yellow-gray, covering one-half to threefourths area of T 3–5 in nearly continuous bands, with only a narrow, indistinct median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray, covering two-thirds to three-fourths of T3–5, with diffuse tomentum also on margin of T1+2. T4 with 1 pair erect median marginal setae and 4 pairs of decumbent lateral marginal setae.</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 58). Piercer not extending past base of T4, in lateral view straight, slightly curved at apex; in posterior parallel sided to apex. Aculeate lobe subequal height of segment 7 base. Terminal segments not visible [holotype is only known specimen].</p><p>Host(s). One individual was reared from Aponia minithalis (Druce) (Crambidae) feeding on Callicarpa acuminata Kunth (Verbenaceae) (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008).</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. The type was collected from tropical moist forest in Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica, at 560 m elevation (Fig. 179) .</p><p>Discussion. The holotype female of E. jorgecortesi sp. nov. differs in appearance from the E. crambivora sp. nov. type mainly in the parafacial color. Genetic evidence suggests that these two species are closely related yet distinct (Fig. 1). It is otherwise difficult to compare the two without same-sexed specimens. Females of E. woodorum sp. nov. are nearly identical in appearance to E. jorgecortesi sp. nov., but the difference in piercer shape is distinctive enough to warrant their separation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669688F6EFF1BFB66FDF28023	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669698F69FF1BFB66FA9680D3.text	038687B669698F69FF1BFB66FA9680D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria luctuosa (Wulp 1890)	<div><p>Eucelatoria luctuosa (Wulp, 1890)</p><p>(Figs 14, 59, 179)</p><p>Masicera luctuosa Wulp, 1890: 105 . Lectotype, Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (NHMUK).</p><p>Eucelatoria luctuosa: Wood (1985: 44) .</p><p>Previous synonyms. Telothyria lugens Wulp, 1890: 177 . Resurrected as Eucelatoria lugens (Wulp), comb. nov.; Exorista obscurata Wulp, 1890: 62 . Resurrected as Eucelatoria obscurata (Wulp), comb. nov. [These species do not belong to the E. ferox species group; see below under “Previous synonyms in the E. ferox species group”.]</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype ♀, labeled “Teapa,/ Tabasco./ Feb. H.H.S.”, “ B.C.A. Dipt. II/ Masicera / luctuosa,/ v.d.W.”, “ Central America. / Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O.Salvin. / 1903-172.”, “ LECTOTYPE ♀ / of Masicera/ luctuosa Wulp / designated 1979/ D.M. Wood ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Other material. 1 ♀. Mexico — Veracruz: 1 ♀, “ VeraCruz / IX-5-42 Mex.”, “ Xiphomyia / gladiatrix/ R. Tns. ”, “Reinhard/ Collection”, “HOMOTYPE/ Masicera / luctuosa/ Compared by/ Wood ‘79”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00283” (DMW) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is most similar to E. gladiatrix, as both are relatively large bodied, have V-shaped thoracic vittae, have the cuticle and setulae of the abdomen entirely black, and have unbroken abdominal bands. Females of E. luctuosa differ in their narrower parafacial, distinct and strong ocellar setae, and shorter piercer.</p><p>Redescription. Female [redescribed from 2 specimens]. Length 6.5–6.9 mm.</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum dense yellow, appearing gold. Genal dilation, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray to yellow. Pale occipital setulae gray to yellow. Ocellar setae one-half to subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 3–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on less than lower one-third. Postocellar setae one-half to subequal to length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta three-fourths length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta undifferentiated. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 5–6, last frontal seta level with base of postpedicel. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.86–0.87. Postpedicel length 0.40–0.43 height of head. Facial ridge length 0.50–0.51 height of head. Parafacial width 0.05 lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.28–0.30 length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 3.5 times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.23 width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow, slightly dilated at apex; with short, stout setulae dorsoapically, several longer thinner setulae ventroapicaly, and thin, long and short setulae medioventrally and mediolaterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.2–1.4 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum gray, merging to yellow on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow. Presutural outer vitta subtriangular, connected to anterior margin by thin arc, connected to slightly disconnected from postsutural outer vitta. Postsutural outer vitta bar shaped, distinctly separate from inner vitta by thin area of tomentum, such that inner and outer vittae appear to make an open v-shape. Inner thoracic vittae rod-shaped, nearly as wide as outer vittae, extending to level of second postsutural dorsocentral seta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow, covering over one half of dorsal area. Postpronotum with 4 setae, the fourth weak. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae, the anterior weak. Postsutural area with 3 setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands gray to dirty gray, continuous across dorsum without medial vitta; covering one-half to three-fourths lengths of T3–5. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray, extending over two-thirds to three-fourths lengths of T3–5. T4 with 1 pair of median marginal setae and 1 pair of lateral marginal setae.</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 59). Piercer generally extending past apex of T1+2, in lateral view gradually curved to bent apex; in posterior view parallel sided on basal half, then gradually tapered to apex. Piercer lobe at least 3.5 times height of segment 7 base. Terminal segments not visible [not dissected due to small number of specimens].</p><p>Male. Unknown.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals of E. luctuosa have been collected from tropical moist and dry forest in southern Mexico at elevations from sea level to 100 m (Fig. 179).</p><p>Discussion. Monty Wood’s “homotype” specimen [as described by the label] differs slightly from the lectotype in the yellow coloration of the gena, occiput, and postgena, but it is difficult to determine, withour additional specimens, whether this represents intraspecific variation or distinct lineages. The V-shaped thoracic vittae and continuous tomentum bands on the abdomen suggest E. luctuosa is most closely related to E. gladiatrix, but the ocellar setae are large and distinct, the head is nearly entirely yellow, and the parafacial is narrower. The female piercer is also distinctly shorter. It is unknown whether males possess abdominal T5 sex patches as in E. gladiatrix .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669698F69FF1BFB66FA9680D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6696E8F68FF1BFAF6FDB68127.text	038687B6696E8F68FF1BFAF6FDB68127.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria rivalis (Reinhard 1953)	<div><p>Eucelatoria rivalis (Reinhard, 1953)</p><p>(Figs 15, 60, 179)</p><p>Xiphomyia rivalis Reinhard, 1953: 101 . Holotype, Mexico, Acatlipa (CNC).</p><p>Eucelatoria rivalis: Wood (1985: 44) .</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♀, labeled “Acatlipa, mex./ VII[/]11[/]50/ Coll. WGDowne”, “ Holotype / Xiphomyia / rivalis/ Reinhard” (CNC).</p><p>Other material. 2 ♀♀. Costa Rica — Guanacaste: 1 ♀, “LEGS AWAY FOR DNA”, “DHJPAR0035639”, “Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http://janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 09 -SRNP- 13752”, “Janzen08”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00010 (CNC). Mexico — Morelos: 1 ♀, “ Cuernavaca 12 Mi./ E., 4300′ Morelos / Mex. 14-VIII-1954 / J. G. Chillcott ” (CNC) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is very close to E. sabroskyi sp. nov., as both have four relatively thin thoracic vittae, strong ocellar setae, broad parafacials, and long piercers; E. rivalis differs in that the yellow tomentum extends over the upper one-fourth to one-half of the parafacial, whereas the parafacial of E. sabroskyi sp. nov. is entirely gray.</p><p>Redescription. Female [redescribed from 3 specimens]. Length 7.0– 9.8 mm (mean = 8.0 mm).</p><p>Head. Fronto-orbital plate, vertex, upper half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum yellow. Genal dilation, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Parafacial yellow on upper one-fourth to one-half, merging to gray on lower portion. Pale occipital setulae gray to yellow gray. Ocellar setae usually strong, one-half to subequal to length posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 3 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1–2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on ventral one-third or less. Postocellar setae one-half to subequal to length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half to three fourths length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta one-fourth to one-third length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 5–6, last frontal seta level with base of postpedicel to base of arista. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.81–0.85 (mean = 0.84). Postpedicel length 0.37–0.39 (mean = 0.38) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.51–0.55 (mean = 0.52) height of head. Parafacial width 0.10–0.11 (mean = 0.11) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.35–0.40 (mean = 0.38) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel width 1.30–2.70 (mean = 1.84) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.26–0.27 (mean = 0.26) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow to tan at apex, dark brown at base; subcylindrical to slightly dilated at apex; with short, stout setulae dorsoapically and thinner, longer setulae laterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3–1.4 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray. Dorsal tomentum gray to yellow. Presutural outer vitta triangular, pointed anteriorly, distinctly to slightly disconnected from bar shaped vitta leading from anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta fusiform, broader anteriorly, distinctly disconnected from presutural outer vitta and inner vittae. Inner thoracic vittae bar-shaped, width generally one-half width of outer vittae, extending to level of second postsutural acrostichal seta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum diffuse yellow to gray; covering entire area, denser at apex. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 setae, the anterior seta weak. Postsutural area with 3 setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands gray covering one-half area of T3–5. Ventral tomentum bands gray, covering two-thirds to three-fourths area T3–5. T4 with 1 pair erect median marginal setae and 3–4 pairs of erect lateral marginal setae, the median and lateral setae forming a widely spaced continuous row.</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 60). Piercer generally extending past apex of T3, in one specimen to base of abdomen; in lateral view gradually curved to bent apex; in posterior view parallel sided on basal half, then gradually tapered to apex. Aculeate lobe at least three times height of segment 7 base. End tergite not visible. Cercus with 6–7 setulae; ventral elongation not visible. Postgenital plate with 10–12 setulae. [Left undissected due to small number of specimens.]</p><p>Host(s). One individual has been reared from Hahncappsia Munroe species (Crambidae) feeding on Melampodium divaricatum (Rich.) DC. (Asteraceae) (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008).</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals have been collected from tropical and subtropical dry forest in Mexico and Costa Rica, from sea level to 1300 m elevation (Fig. 179).</p><p>Discussion. The morphological difference between E. rivalis and E. sabroskyi sp. nov. is very small, and the specimens included here vary somewhat in the length of the piercer and coloration of the head. Genetically they are distinct (Fig. 1). The small number of specimens makes it impossible to know the true range of intraspecific variation within this group at this time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6696E8F68FF1BFAF6FDB68127	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6696F8F6AFF1BFA62FD3F81D7.text	038687B6696F8F6AFF1BFA62FD3F81D7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria sabroskyi Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria sabroskyi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 16, 36, 61, 81, 102, 117, 131, 147, 164, 173)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, labeled “ USA: AZ: Pima Co. Santa / Rita Mts. 3 mi. W of Hwy / 83. Greaterville Rd 3–5-/ VIII-1999 ptrap: 18/ J.O. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria texana var. 1”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / sabroskyi/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00070 ” (JOSC; to be deposited in USNM).</p><p>Paratypes, 14 ♀♀ and 6 ♂♂. USA — Arizona: 1 ♂, “ USA: AZ: Pima Co. Santa/ Rita Mts. 3 mi. W of Hwy / 83. Greaterville Rd 3–5-/ viii-1999 ptrap: 5/ J.O. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria texana var. 1”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / borealis/ Z.L. Burington [yellow label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00071” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (JOSC) . 2 ♀♀, as previous except “ Madera Greaterville Rd. / 5000′ 31-viii–2-ix-1999 / Trap #5 J.O. Stireman III”, the specimen ID labels “ZLB_E.Ferox 00058” and “00085”, the second labeled “ Eucelatoria n. sp. 1/ Xiphamyia [sic] grp.” (JOSC) . 2 ♀♀, as previous except the first with trap number “17” and specimen ID “00051” (JOSC); the second with “3” and “00059” (JOSC; to be deposited in USNM). 1 ♀, “ USA: AZ: Pima Co. Santa/ Rita Mts. 8 mi N of/ Sonoita 2-IX-1999 ptrap:2/ J.O. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria texana var. 1”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00063” (JOSC) . 1 ♂, as previous except, “ptrap 15”, “ Pan Trap # 15/ Aug. 31–Sep 2 1999/?”, “ Eucelatoria n. sp. 1/ Xiphamyia [sic] grp.”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00081” (JOSC) . 1 ♂, “ USA: AZ: Pima Co. Santa/ Rita Mts. Box Can Rd. 3/ mi. W. of Hwy 83/ Pan traps / 5000′ 3-Aug-1999 / J.O. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria texana var. 1”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00062” (JOSC) . 1 ♂, “ USA: AZ: Cochise Co. / Huachuca Mts. Oversite/ Can. ~6500′ 9-Aug-1998 / J. Stireman II (tach. Hole)”, “ Eucelatoria armigera / (?)” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (JOSC) . 1 ♀, “ USA: AZ: Cochise Co. / Garden Can. Huachuca / Mts. 5500′/ 22-July 1998 / J. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria / ( Xiphomyia grp.)”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00069” (JOSC) . 5 ♀♀, “ARIZ.: SW Res./ Sta. [Southwest Research Station], 5mi. sw./ Portal, 5400ft. / 5 [/] 25-IX-1965 ”, “CWSabrosky/ collector”, the museum ID labels “USNM ENT 00039944”, “00040018”, “00039942”, “00039943”, and “00039946”; the specimen ID labels “ZLB_E.Ferox 00075”, “00087”, “00077”, “00086”, and “00076”; the final specimen labeled “ Xiphomyia / long flat [at tip? indecipherable]” (USNM) . 1 ♀, “ARIZ., S.W.R.S/ 5 Mi. W. Portal / Cochise Co., 5400ft. / 8-17 1965 ”, “H J Reinhard/ Collector”, “Reinhard/ Collection”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00065” (CNC) . 1 ♂ and 2 ♀♀, “ USA AZ Chiricahua Mtns. / Herb Martyr campgrd. &amp;/ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-109.23333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=31.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -109.23333/lat 31.866667)">Ash Spring</a> 5899–6100′/ 31°52′N 109°14′W / 17-18.viii.2007 J O’Hara”, the male labeled “Collected near loc./ CNCDC 621-11”, the specimen specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00083” [♂; genitalia in vial under specimen], “00084” [♀], “00082” [♀] (CNC) . 1 ♂, “ USA: AZ: Cochise County / Ash Creek / Chincahua Mountains / 5500′ 20-viii-2005 ”, “ John O. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria sp. ” (JOSC) .</p><p>Recognition. Individuals of E. sabroskyi sp. nov. are nearly identical to E. texana among Nearctic E. ferox group species in the coloration of the head and thorax, but can be reliably separated by the shorter, less digitiform surstylus and the marginal notch of the surstylus basal lobe, and less reliably by the increased extent of gold on the fronto-orbital plate. Females generally possess a longer piercer than that of E. texana . Individuals of E. sabroskyi sp. nov. are also nearly identical to the Mexican E. rivalis, as both have four relatively thin thoracic vittae, strong ocellar setae, broad parafacials, and long piercers, but E. rivalis differs in that the parafacial and fronto-orbital plate bear a greater extent of gold tomentum.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for Curtis Williams Sabrosky, an American dipterist responsible for a partial revision of Eucelatoria (Sabrosky 1981) and the collector of several specimens included in this description.</p><p>Description. [Described from 14 ♀♀ and 6 ♂♂. Head measurements from 14 ♀♀ and 5 ♂♂.] Length 5.5–7.5 mm (mean = 6.5 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, gena, post-ocular plate, face, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Vertex tomentum dirty yellow, extending onto fronto-orbital plate along frontal vitta usually to middle of frontal setae, usually encompassing orbital setae, sometimes extending to all of fronto-orbital plate up to antennal angle and along eye margin to that level. Pale occipital setulae gray. Ocellar setae one-half to subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital. Gena with 4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta, occasionally with one more, smaller seta. Facial ridge with setulae on lower one-fourth to two-fifths, usually on lower one-third. Postocellar setae one-half to subequal to length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half to three-fourths length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta undifferentiated in male, one-third to one-half length of inner vertical seta in female. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 4–8, last frontal seta level with base of arista or one to two arista base widths beyond. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.80–0.90 (mean = 0.82). Postpedicel length 0.40–0.50 (mean = 0.43) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.45–0.65 (mean = 0.53) height of head. Parafacial width 0.07–0.15 (mean = 0.11) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.20–0.50 (mean = 0.31) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel subequal to 2.7 (mean = 1.9) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.25–0.30 (mean = 0.28) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow-tan, subcylindrical, with short black setulae on dorsoapical third and longer ventral setulae on middle third.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.2–1.5 width of thorax. Lateral tomentum dense ash-gray, covering most of pleural sclerites. Dorsal tomentum ash-gray to yellow-gray, usually confined to anterior margin. Presutural outer vitta triangular, in many cases disconnected from anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta fusiform, longer than presutural vitta, distinctly separate from presutural vitta, pointed at posterior apex, usually broadest near anterior apex. Inner thoracic vittae nearly parallel in males, more divergent in females, one-half to subequal width of presutural outer vitta, extending onto postsutural area level with first postsutural acrostichal seta or becoming indistinct. Scutellar dorsal tomentum ash-gray, extending over most or all of scutellum dorsum. Postpronotum with three setae, with at most 1 weak additional seta. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae, the anterior seta weak. Postsutural area with 4 dorsocentral setae, the second weaker than the others, occasionally absent. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 1–2 posterodorsal setae, the more basal seta sometimes much smaller. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands ash-gray, extending one-third to fourfifths lengths of T3–5. Ventral tomentum bands same as above, appearing blue under direct light. T4 with 1 pair erect median marginal setae and a row of 3–4 pairs of lateral marginal setae; the lateral setae often forming a continuous widely space row with the median marginals; in females usually the lateral setae are decumbent.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 131, 147, 164). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.4 width of basal notch; apical lobes 1.2 times length of basal plate. Postgonite with strong anterobasal angle; posterior margin broadly rounded; anterior emargination acutely angled, the depth two times width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus slightly longer than cercus, length 2.1 times width, paddle shaped, apex blunt, margins curved to subparallel, with medial marginal notch on basal lobe in lateral view. Cercus in lateral view slightly dilated at base, gradually narrowed at mid length and distinctly dilated at apex, with slight posteroapical point; in caudal view broadly rounded at basolateral angle, parallel along mid length, gradually narrowed to subquadrate apex. Upper lobe 0.2 length of cercus. Median section 0.45 length of cercus.Apical cleft margins slightly divergent, 0.3 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.5 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 102, 117). Piercer generally extending past apex of T3, in some specimens extending past apex of T1+2 or to abdomen base, in lateral view gradually curved to tip, sometimes slightly bent at tip; in posterior view gradually narrowed to apex. Aculeate lobe 2.1–3.5 times height of segment 7 base. Tergite eight plates subtriangular, length four to six times greatest width, apex pointed. Cercus with 6 setulae; ventral elongation subequal to two times width of main cercus body. Postgenital plate with 12 setulae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Eucelatoria sabroskyi sp. nov. is known only from the foothills of the Santa Rita and Chiricahua Mountains of southern Arizona, within the Madrean Archipelago ecoregion (Fig. 173), and New Mexico (Fig. 1). They have been collected at elevations of 1500–1600 m in savannah woodlands with a mixed canopy of live oak and mesquite (J.O. Stireman, pers. comm.) in August and September. This species is potentially found in similar habitat throughout southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, western Texas, and northern Mexico.</p><p>Discussion. This species is close to E. texana and the two intergrade in coloration, but usually in E. sabroskyi sp. nov. the fronto-orbital plate and vertex are more gold colored. The shape of the cercus and the small marginal notch on the basal lobe of the surstylus in lateral view are distinct from E. texana genitalia. Female specimens, tentatively placed here, have a longer piercer than E. texana, extending past the apex of T3, rarely to the base of the abdomen. Female specimens usually have a notably wider parafacial than males, such that the postpedicel appears to be subequal in width to the parafacial.</p><p>There is a large amount of size and color variation in this species, such that it likely represents a complex. Males from Herb Martyr Campground (Chiracahua Mts, AZ) in particular are larger with a greater amount of yellow tomentum on the head and a greater extent of tomentum bands on the abdomen. However, it is not possible to distinguish male genitalia in the few males available; further genetic evidence is needed.</p><p>The Mexican species E. rivalis is nearly identical to E. sabroskyi sp. nov. in appearance, except that in the former the yellow tomentum of the fronto-orbital plate extends partway onto the parafacial. However, they are genetically distinct (Fig. 1). The tree strongly supports a sister relationship between E. sabroskyi sp. nov. and E. auriceps, which despite distinctive differences in coloration are otherwise similar in male genitalia (cf. Figs 125, 131) and length of the female piercer (cf. Figs 96, 102).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6696F8F6AFF1BFA62FD3F81D7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6696D8F67FF1BF9F2FE058247.text	038687B6696D8F67FF1BF9F2FE058247.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria strigata (Wulp 1890)	<div><p>Eucelatoria strigata (Wulp, 1890)</p><p>(Figs 17, 37, 62, 82, 93, 103, 118, 132, 148, 165, 175)</p><p>Masicera strigata Wulp, 1890: 105 . Lectotype, Mexico, Morelos, Cuernavaca (NHMUK). Other references: Guimarães (1971: 153).</p><p>Hypostena minima Wulp, 1890: 148 . Lectotype, Mexico, Tabasco, Teapa (NHMUK). Other references: Guimarães (1971: 152). Syn. nov.</p><p>Hemilydella fasciata Townsend, 1927: 315 . Holotype, Peru, La Tina (USNM). Other references: Thompson (1968: 184), Guimarães (1971: 135). Syn. nov.</p><p>Eucelatoria strigata: Wood (1985: 43) .</p><p>Eucelatoria minima: Wood (1985: 43) .</p><p>Eucelatoria fasciata: Wood (1985: 43) .</p><p>Type material examined. Lectotype ♂, labeled “LECTO-/ TYPE [round label]”, “ ♂ ”, “Cuernavaca/ Morelos./ June. H.H.S.”, “ B.C.A. Dipt. II./ Masicera / strigata,/ v. d. W.”, “ Central America. / Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O. Salvin. / 1903.172”, “ LECTOTYPE ♂ / of Masicera / strigata Wulp / designated 1979/ D.M. Wood ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Lectotype ♂ of “ Hypostena minima ”, labeled “LECTO-/ TYPE [round label]”, “ ♂ ”, “Teapa/ Tabasco,/ Jan. H.H.S.”, “ B.C.A. Dipt. II./ Hypostena / minima,/ v. d. W.”, “ Central America. / Pres. by/ F.D.Godman. / O. Salvin. / 1903.172”, “ LECTOTYPE ♂ / of Hypostena / minima Wulp / designated 1979/ D.M. Wood ” (NHMUK).</p><p>Holotype ♂ of “ Hemilydella fasciata ”, labeled “On Foliage/ Chch. 24-IX”, “Type”, “This does not/ match description/ in TWD 1941b: 271” (USNM).</p><p>Other material examined. 56 ♀♀ and 25 ♂♂. Argentina—Tucuman: 1 ♀, “ Tucuman, Arg. / III-18 1930 / H. A. Jaynes”, “USNM ENT 00039937”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00335” (USNM) . 1 ♀, “TUCUMAN/ 30.V.1917 ”, “H. E. Box/ Collector”, “67”, “ Dexodes / meridionalis/ in colln.”, “? near/ Heliolydella ”, “USNM ENT 00040064”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00315” (USNM) . Brazil — Goiás : 1 ♀, “Valdir - T. 4/ 17/02/2012/ Cult. Malaise/ Msp.” (UNB) . Costa Rica — Cartago : 1 ♀, “ COSTA RICA / Turrialba/ (WWHeel) 19”, “USNM ENT 00040022”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00338” (USNM) . Guanacaste: 1 ♀, “ COSTA RICA Gncste / 5 km n Cañas / 10–12.VIII.1987 / G. &amp; M. Wood” (DMW) . Ecuador — Napo : 1 ♂, “ ECUADOR, Napo / Tena/ 13.II.83/ G. &amp; M. Wood”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00292” (DMW) . 1 ♀, “Coca, Napo R./ Napo, ECUADOR / 25–30.IV.65/ 250 M., L.Pena”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00290” (CNC) . Pastaza: 1 ♂, “ Pompeya, Napo R./ Pastaza, ECUAD./ 14–22.V.1965 / L.Pena”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00291” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . Pinchicha: 2 ♀♀, “ ECUADOR, Pich./ Rio Palenque Fld / Stn 22–26.II.76/ G.&amp; M. Wood 150m ”, the specimen IDs “00294” and “00293” (DMW) . Mexico — Tabasco: 2 ♀♀, “PARA-/ LECTO-/ TYPE [circle label]”, “ ♀ ”, “Teapa,/ Tabasco./ Jan. H.H.S.”, “ B.C.A. Dipt. II./ Masicera / luctuosa/ v.d.W.”, “ Central America / Pres By/ F.D.Goodman. / O. Salvin. / 1903-172.”, “ PARALECTOTYPE ♀ / of Masicera / luctuosa Wulp / designated 1979/ D.M. Wood ” (NHMUK) . 1 ♂ and ♀, as previous except determination and paralectotype labels read “ Hypostena minima ” [genitalia of the former in vial under specimen] (NHMUK) . Veracruz: 1 ♀, “ MEXICO, Veracruz / Sontecompan / 20.VI.1969 / B.V. Peterson ”, “HOMOTYPE/ Anisia/ inepta/ Wulp/ Compared by/ Wood ‘79 [blue label]”(CNC) . Panama — Panamá : 1 ♀, “Ancon CZ/ IV-9-26”, “CTGreene/ Collector”, “USNM ENT 00040019”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00337” (USNM) . Panamá Oeste?: 1 ♀, “HermitaRPan/ 18Sept1952 ”, “PSBlanton/ Collector”, “USNM ENT 00040029”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00342” (USNM) . Peru — Loreto : 1 ♀, “ 24 VIII 1965 San Antonio/ LORETO, PERU 69/ Coll. J.C.Hitchcock,Jr. ”, “ 500ft. ”, “USNMENT 00875973”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00355” (USNM) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ 20 VIII 1965 ”, numerical identifier “36”, USNM number “00875970”, and specimen ID “00357” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (USNM) . 2 ♀♀, “Yurimaguas/ R. Huallaga/ Peru-VII-15”, “CHTTow’d/ coll”, “on foliage”, “Yuri 15.VIII”; the first labeled “USNM ENT 00039940” and “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00329”; the second “00039935” and “00333” (USNM) . Trinidad &amp; Tobago — Trinidad : 1 ♀, “MARACAS. V./ Trinidad. BWI./ OCT.28.1953”, “Collector/ F.J.Simmonds ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00116” (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “July 7.1954.” and specimen ID “00159” (CNC) . 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, as previous locality except without “V.”, date “July.16.1954”, and specimen IDs “00132” [♂] and “00110” [♀], the first with head missing (CNC) . 2 ♂♂, “MARACAS/ TRINIDAD / 11-9-1964 ”, the specimen IDs “00137” and “00129” (CNC) . 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, “DIEGO MARTIN./ Trinidad, BWI./ AUG.18.1954”, “Collector/ F.J. Simmonds ”, the specimen IDs “00145” [♂] and “00109” [♀], the first specimen labeled “ 1485/ VII. 26.66” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “DGO.MARTIN/ TRINIDAD / 21-9-1964 ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00111” (CNC) . 1 ♂ and 2 ♀♀, “ NURSERY/ TRINIDAD / 18-8-1964 ”, the specimen IDs “00139” [♀], “00112” [♀], and “00135” [♂] (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ 28-8-1964 ” and specimen ID “00118” (CNC) . 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “ 1-9-1964 ” and specimen IDs “00152” and “00138” [terminalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “ 30-9-1964 ” and specimen IDs “00151” and “00115” (CNC) . 2 ♀♀, “I.C.T.A. [Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture]/ Trinidad, BWI./ JAN-28-1953 ”, “Collector/ F.J. Simmonds”, the specimen IDs “00158” (CNC) and “00204” (DMW), the second with blank red label. 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, as previous except date “ FEB-2-1953 ” and specimen IDs “00155” [♀] and “00136” [♂], the second with head missing (CNC) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ FEB-9-1953 ” and specimen ID “00131” (CNC) . 2 ♂♂, as previous except date “ FEB-18-1953 ” and specimen IDs “00130” and “00147”; the second labeled “ Hemilydella /?fasciata/ TT/ Det. Thompson ” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ FEB-23-1953 ” and specimen ID “00166” (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ OCT.16-1953 ” and specimen ID “00120” (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ OCT-23-1953 ” and specimen ID “00124”, labeled “17/ 1006-[”16” struck out with pen]” (CNC). 1 ♀, as previous except date “ FEB-26-1954 ” and specimen ID “00157”, the abdomen missing (CNC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ MARCH-1954 ” and specimen ID “00125” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “SANTA CRUZ/ Trinidad, BWI./ July-15- 1954 ”, “Collector/ F.J.Simmonds ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00160” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “Santa Cruz V./ 3.2.60/ Trinidad, BWI.”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00121” (CNC) . 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “3.5.60”, and specimen IDs “00205” (DMW) and “00161” (CNC). 1 ♀, as previous locality except date “x.25.60” and specimen ID “00164” (CNC) . 2 ♂♂ and 3 ♀♀, as previous locality except date “XII.20.60” and specimen IDs “00122” [♀], “00141” [♂], “00156” [♀], “00123” [♀] (CNC), and “00203” [♂] (DMW), the final specimen with blank red label. 1 ♂, as previous locality except date “ Apr. 1959 ” and specimen ID “00146” (CNC) . 2 ♂♂ and 1 ♀, as previous except date “ 27-7-1964 ”, and specimen IDs “00128” [♂], “00148” [♀], and “00127” [♂] (CNC) . 1 ♀, “S Cruz V./ II.14.64/ Trinidad, WI.”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00150” (CNC) . 3 ♀♀, “VALSAYN/ TRINIDAD / 11-8-1964 ”, the specimen IDs “00154”, “00153”, and “00114” (CNC) . 3 ♂♂, “II.26.64/ St. Augustine,/ Trinidad, WI”, the specimen IDs “00134”, “00149”, and “00143”; the third with head missing and genitalia on point under specimen (CNC) . 1 ♀, “ St. Augustine,/ Trinidad, BWI/ DEC-18- 1952 ”, “Collector/ F.J. Simmonds”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00162” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “ST. JOSEPH/ Trinidad, BWI,/ NOV-12- 1953 ”, “Collector/ F.J. Simmonds ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00113” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “P.M. Highway/ TRINIDAD W.I./ XI.4.60 [1961 struck out]/ W.R.Thompson ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00119” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “ TRINIDAD / 28-7-1964 / CUMUTO”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00163” (CNC) . 1 ♂, “CUERPE/ TRINIDAD / 28-9-1964 ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00142” (CNC) . 1 ♂, “CoLL. ARIPOV/ TRINIDAD / 24-7-1964 ”, “F.D. BENNETT/ Collector”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00140” (CNC) . 1 ♂, “CUNUPIA/ Trinidad, BWI./ MARCH-9-1964 ”, “Collector/ F.J. Simmonds ”, “HOMOTYPE/ Hemilydella / fasciata/ Tnsd/ Compared by/ Wood ‘78”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00126” (DMW) . 1 ♂, “M-New Farm / TRINIDAD / 11-9-1964 ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00133” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “II.61/ Trinidad, BWI.”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00165” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “II.20.64/ Trinidad, WI.”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00117” (CNC) . Venezuela — Carabobo : 1 ♀, “ Venezuela / San Esteban / 1–6 Jan1940 ”, “P Anduze/ Collector”, “USNM ENT 00040028”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00345” (USNM) .</p><p>Recognition. This species appears closely related to E. aurata, as both species share similar tomentum patterns and females of both have a short piercer barely extending beyond the apex of abdominal T4. They differ in that the tomentum of the head is mostly to partially ash-gray as opposed to entirely yellow. In the males, the cercus in lateral view is less angled at mid length and thicker at the apex than E. aurata, with only a weak apical hook. The short length of the female piercer distinguishes this species from most other sword flies.</p><p>Redescription. [Redescribed from 51 ♀♀ and 24 ♂♂. Head measurements from 4 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 5.0– 7.5 mm (mean = 6.4 mm).</p><p>Head. Gena, lower half of post-ocular plate, postgena, and occipital tomentum ash-gray. Parafacial tomentum usually ash-gray on entire length, or at least on lower half, rarely gold along entire length. Fronto-orbital plate, vertex, and upper half of post-orbital plate tomentum pale yellow gold; rarely with head tomentum entirely ash-gray. Pale occipital setulae gray. Ocellar setae one-fourth to three-fourths length of posterior reclinate orbital seta, shorter in males. Gena with 4 setae, rarely 2–3 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta. Facial ridge with setulae on less than lower third. Postocellar setae one-fourth to one-third length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta subequal to postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta undistinguished from post-ocular row in both male and female, or if distinguished, no more than one-half length of closest post-ocular seta. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 4–5, last frontal seta level with apex of pedicel or slightly beyond. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.85–0.90 (mean = 0.86). Postpedicel length 0.38–0.44 (mean = 0.40) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.47–0.56 (mean = 0.51) height of head. Parafacial width 0.06–0.09 (mean = 0.07) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.24–0.37 (mean = 0.32) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.3 to 4.0 (mean = 3.2) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.21–0.25 (mean = 0.23) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus subcylindrical, yellow to yellow tan, slightly more expanded at tip in females; with dense short dorsoapical setae, several short apicoventral setae, several longer setae laterally near mid length, and scattered thin dorsal setae along middle third.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray. Dorsal tomentum pale yellow-gray-gold to ash-gray. Presutural outer vitta triangular to bar shaped, narrowed to anterior, usually connected to anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta bar to wedge shaped, disconnected from presutural outer vitta at suture. Inner thoracic vittae bar shaped, usually as thick as outer vittae, subparallel, extending to second postsutural acrostichal seta, often fused into single, median square vitta on postsutural area. Scutellar dorsal tomentum diffuse pale yellow-gray gold to ash-gray, covering at least apical half of dorsal area. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae, the anterior seta weak. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Fore tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline; sometimes lightly infuscated adjacent to costa and radial sector. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands ash-gray to dirty gray, one-third to onehalf length of T3–5, with distinct to indistinct median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands similar to above. T4 with 1 pair widely spaced erect median marginal setae and 3 pairs widely spaced</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 132, 148, 165). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.35 width of basal notch, teeth usually divergent at apex; apical lobes 1.3 times length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded on posterior margin; incised margin subangular, depth subequal width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus paddleshaped, length of apical section three times width, subequal to length of cercus; apical margin broadly rounded; posterobasal area often with slight to distinct, flat emargination; posterior and anterior margins subparallel; basal lobe margin rounded. Cercus in lateral view dilated at base, narrowed sharply to mid length and slightly angled caudally, margins roughly parallel to blunt apex with minute anteroapical hook; in caudal view tapered to blunt apex. Upper lobe subquadrate; 0.33 length of cercus. Median section 0.42 length of cercus. Apical cleft narrow, sides subparallel, heavily toothed, 0.34 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.35 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 93, 103, 118). Piercer extending barely to apex of T4, often hidden by margins of T4 and T5; in lateral view gradually curved to apex; in posterior view narrowed to apex. Aculeate lobe subequal height of segment 7 base. End tergite subquadrate, as long as wide. Cercus with 7–8 setae; ventral elongation 2 times width of main cercus body. Postgenital plate with 18 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Eucelatoria strigata is widely distributed in the Neotropical Region with individuals known from as far north as central Mexico and as far south as the Yungas of northern Argentina; this redescription includes intermediate records from Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, coastal Venezuela, Brazil, Ecuador, and Peru (Fig. 175). Most records are from lowland tropical rainforests with some records from tropical dry forest. In Trinidad, individuals were collected year round with no apparent pattern. In the tropical dry forests of Panama, individuals were collected in April and September, and in Costa Rica in August.</p><p>Discussion. The holotype of Hemilydella fasciata listed above appears to be correct, despite the following issues. The locality label is wrong, and should list “La Tina”, the type locality indicated in the original description (Townsend 1927: 315). The specimen was placed in a unit tray labeled “ Hemiargyrophylax punctilucis ” with another specimen matching the Hemiargyrophylax punctilucis Townsend description from the Manual of Myiology (Townsend 1941: 271) with the locality label the same as listed in the type material above. In the unit tray labeled “ Hemilydella fasciata ”, there was a specimen identical to the Ha. punctilucis description and to the apparent syntype. This specimen bore the correct locality for Hemilydella fasciata (“La Tina”), which is the incorrect type locality for Ha. punctilucis, and the determination label for Hl. fasciata Townsend. Therefore, it is likely that the locality and determination labels for Hl. fasciata were switched with the labels of one of the Ha. punctilucis syntypes. As the general rule is for revising authors not to make changes to type labels, these labels have not been returned to their proper specimens, but an indication of the issue has been left in the unit tray.</p><p>The amount of gold on the head and thorax is highly variable in this species. Individuals from Trinidad range from nearly entirely gold tomentum on the thoracic dorsum and head to all tomentum on an individual being entirely ash-gray. Individuals from Central America have a greater extent of gold on the head than is common on those from South America, but the wide sympatric range in coloration suggests these are not a different species. The lectotype male also possesses a wider parafacial than other specimens. These variations indicate that E. strigata may very well be a species complex, but more specimens from the northern and southern distribution edges are needed to make these determinations. The genitalia are largely indistinguishable across the range, with only minute differences in the shape of the gonites and surstylus between Mexican and Trinidadian males. In cases where the extent of gold tomentum is greater, males of E. aurata are easily separated from E. strigata by the greatly narrowed cercus with prominent hooked apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6696D8F67FF1BF9F2FE058247	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669608F60FF1BF942FAC985BB.text	038687B669608F60FF1BF942FAC985BB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria texana (Reinhard 1923)	<div><p>Eucelatoria texana (Reinhard, 1923)</p><p>(Figs 18, 38, 63, 83, 104, 119, 133, 149, 166, 173)</p><p>Xiphomyia texana Reinhard, 1923: 267 . Holotype, USA, Texas, College Station (USNM). Other references: Sabrosky &amp; Arnaud (1965: 1051).</p><p>Dexodes insignis Reinhard, 1934: 188 . Holotype, USA, Texas, College Station (USNM).</p><p>Eucelatoria texana: Wood (1985: 45), O’Hara &amp; Wood (2004: 89).</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♀, labeled “ College Station / 10-20-21 Texas ”, “H J Reinhard/ Collector”, “Holotype/ Female”, “Type [red label]”, “ Xiphomyia / texana/ det H. J. Reinhard ” (USNM).</p><p>Holotype ♂ of “ Dexodes insignis ”, labeled “ College Station / 2-IV-28 Texas ”, “H J Reinhard/ Collector”, “Type No./ 50087/ U.S. N.M.”, “ Dexodes / insignis/ det H. J. Reinhard ” (USNM).</p><p>Other material examined. 14 ♀♀ and 12 ♂♂. USA — Arkansas: 1 ♂, “ Miss. Co., Ark [Arkansas]/ 26-V-1971 ”, “Cotton–Sorghum/ Strip:Check”, “Malaise/ Trap”, “ R. Kirkton / Collector”, “USNM ENT 00039926”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00080” (USNM) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ 27.IX-1971 ”, habitat label “Cotton–Alfalfa/ Strip”, determination label “ Xiphomyia / texana/ det/ Sabrosky REiN[sic].”, USNM label “00039927”, and specimen ID label “00073” (USNM) . Arizona: 1 ♀, “ USA: AZ: Pina Co. Santa / Rita Mts. Hwy 83, 3 mi N./ of Sonoita / 26-AUG-1999 5000′/ J. O. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria “texana”/ group”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00067 (JOSC). 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, “ USA: AZ: Pima Co. Santa / Rita Mts. 3Mi W of Hwy 83/ Madera/ Greaterville Rd. / 5000′ 31-viii–2-ix-1999 / Trap #20 J.O. Stireman ”, “ Eucelatoria texana var. 2”, the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00056 [♀]” and “00048 [♂; genitalia in vial under specimen]”, the male additionally labeled “B5” (JOSC) . 4 ♀♀, as previous except trap numbers “43”, “3”, “6”, and “13&amp;15”, the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00060”, “00055”, “00057”, and “00064” (JOSC) . 1 ♂, “ USA: AZ: Pima Co. Santa/ Rita Mts. 3 mi. W of Hwy / 83, Greaterville Rd. / 3–5-viii-1999 ptrap: 5/ J.O. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria texana var. 2”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00066” (JOSC) . 3 ♂♂, “ USA: AZ: Pima Co. / Beunos [sic] Aires NWR/ Arivaca Crk. 3600′/ 23-AUG-1999 / J.O. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria “ armigera ”/ group” (JOSC) . 1 ♂, “ USA: AZ: Santa Cruz Co. / Patagonia Mts. 7000′/ Oak–Pine 25-July-1999 / J.O. Stireman III”, “ Eucelatoria sp. ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00046” (JOSC) . District of Columbia: 1 ♂, “ Washington / Sept 3, 1923 DC”, “JRMalloch/ Collector”, “USNM ENT 00040017”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00045” (USNM) . Maryland: 1 ♀, “ Chesapeake Beach / Aug 16 1923 Md.”, “JRMalloch/ Collector”, “USNM ENT 00040014”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00079” (USNM) . Mississippi: 1 ♀, “ Tupelo Miss / IX.29.21”, “H W Allen/ Collector ”, “ Xiphomyia / texana/ Reinh / Allen ”, “USNM ENT 00039928”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00072” (USNM) . 1 ♀, “ Meridian Miss. / IX-3-22”, “cowpeas”, “USNM ENT 00040013”, “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00054”, head on card under specimen (USNM) . 1 ♀, “ Holly Springs, Miss. / IX-27-21”, “HWA”, “Xiphomyia/ texana/ Aldrich Reinh. ”, “USNM ENT 00039923”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00074” (USNM) . 1 ♂, “ Agr. Col., Miss / May 1922 / H.W.Allen ”, “ Masicera / near fichiae [label folded]”, “ Dexodes / spp./ (of auths.)”, ““ Dexodes ”/ insignis/ Rein/ det/ Sabrosky”, “USNM ENT 00039924”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00053” (USNM) . 1 ♀, “MISS., Pontotoc / Co., 1 mi SE Ecru / 15 Aug. 1980 / G. L. Snodgrass ”, “MALAISE TRAP/ IN CULTIVATED/ COTTON/ 4779-21”, “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00050” (MEM) . Oklahoma: 1 ♀, “ Garfield Co., Okla. / Coll: John F. Reinert / 1977 July 9 ”, “USNM ENT 00875972”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00047” (USNM) . Texas: 1 ♀, “ TEXAS: Liberty / July 18, 1923 / L.J. Bottimer ”, “Reared ex./ Loxostege / helvialis/ (Walker)”, “USNM ENT 00039925”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00068” (USNM) . 1 ♂, “ College Station/ 9-22-20 Texas ”, “H.J. REINHARD/ COLLECTOR”, “ PARATYPE / Dexodes / insignis/ Reinhard [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00049” (CNC) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “ Jun. 16, 1951 ”, determination label “ Xiphomyia / texana Rnh / Reinhard Coll’n”, and specimen ID “00048” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . Virginia: 1 ♂, “ Arlington / Va June 1921 ”, “bred/ on/ [“with” is struck out, “on” is handwritten] Phlyctaenia / ferrugalis”, “yellowish/ front [handwritten note]”, “USNM ENT 00039929”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00061” (USNM) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is similar to E. borealis sp. nov. in having cercus digitiform and margins of surstylus subparallel in lateral view, and in the gray tomentum color of the thorax and abdomen. It differs from E. borealis sp. nov. in that the thoracic dorsum has abundant tomentum and distinctive vittae, the parafacial is entirely clean gray, the ocellar setae are strong, the female piercer is usually longer, and the basal lobe of the surstylus is distinctly blunt angulate in lateral view. It is superficially similar to E. auriceps but never has a yellow parafacial as in that species. It is very similar in size and coloration to E. sabroskyi sp. nov., but males of E. sabroskyi sp. nov. have an apical dilation on the cercus and a notch on the basal lobe of the surstylus in lateral view, and females of E. sabroskyi sp. nov. have a longer piercer.</p><p>Redescription. [Redescribed from 14 ♀♀ and 12 ♂♂. Head measurements from 3 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 6.0–7.0 mm (mean = 6.4 mm).</p><p>Head. Gena, parafacial, postgena, occiput, and the majority of the post-ocular plate tomentum pale clean gray, appearing shining silver in the light. Vertex and fronto-orbital plate tomentum usually with tinge of yellow around orbital setae, occasionally with yellow tinge extending around frontal setae, rarely the yellow apparently absent. Pale occipital setae clean gray. Ocellar setae one-half to subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital. Gena with 3–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta. Facial ridge with setulae on less than lower one-third. Postocellar setae one-half to three-fourths length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half length of postocellar setae to apparently absent. Outer vertical seta barely distinct from post-ocular row in female, not distinct in male, no more than onefourth length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 5–6, last frontal seta level with apex of pedicel. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.8–0.9 (mean = 0.85). Postpedicel length 0.35–0.45 (mean = 0.40) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.5 height of head. Parafacial width 0.07–0.14 (mean = 0.09) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.3–0.5 (mean = 0.4) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 1.4–2.7 (mean = 2.0) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.20–0.30 (mean = 0.27) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow to yellow tan, subcylindrical in males, slightly dilated at tip in females; with short, stout dorsoapical setae.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.4 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash gray, sometimes merging to yellow on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum buff gray to yellow-gray. Presutural outer vitta triangular, disconnected from anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta fusiform, wider anteriorly than presutural vitta. Inner thoracic vitta linear, not connected to outer vittae, unbroken at suture, extending to level of first postsutural acrostichal seta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum gray to yellow-gray, extending over most of the dorsum. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 1–2 supra-alar setae, the anterior seta weak if present. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline. Calypters cream to tan colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands gray, one-fourth to one-third length T3–5. Ventral tomentum bands gray, extent the same as dorsal bands. T4 with 4 or more pairs of marginal setae, the medial and lateral setae forming a widely spaced continuous row.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 133, 149, 166). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.4 width of basal notch, nearly flush with sclerite, minute; apical lobes 1.3 times length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded on posterior margin, anterior emargination depth subequal width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus rounded on posterior and anterior margin, apex blunt; basal lobe blunt angulate, without distinct marginal notch. Cercus in lateral view narrow, approximately one-half width of surstylus at broadest, slightly dilated at tip, otherwise parallel sided along midsection to blunt point of apex; in caudal view, sides mostly straight, narrowed to apex. Upper lobe narrow, subtriangular, with blunt apex, inner margin straight; 0.36 length of cercus. Median section 0.3 length of cercus. Apical cleft narrow, 0.3 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.4 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 104, 119). Piercer generally extending beyond apex of T3, in lateral view gradually curved, slightly bent at tip; in posterior view triangular, gradually tapered to tip. Aculeate lobe 2.00–2.25 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite subrectangular, at least three times as long as wide. Cercus with 5–6 setae; ventral elongation subequal width of main cercus body. Postgenital plate with 12 setae.</p><p>Host(s). A single female was reared from “ Loxostege helvialis (Walker) ” [= Helvibotys helvialis (Walker)] ( Crambidae: Pyrustinae) in Liberty, Texas, taken from an unknown host plant. The listed collection date is July 12, 1923, and as there are no other dates listed and as the preserved specimen is teneral, this is assumed to be the date of emergence.A single male was labeled as “Bred on Phlyctaenia ferugalis ” [ Udea ? ferrugalis (Hubner)] in Arlington, Virginia, from an unknown host plant, June, 1921.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Eucelatoria texana has been collected primarily from the southern United States, as far west as Arizona, south to the Texas coastal plain, and north and east to Maryland (Fig. 173). In the East it has been collected at low elevations, but in Arizona individuals have been collected at elevations of 1500 m. Most specimens have been collected in southern Arizona , the south central plains, and the Chesapeake Bay area, but the distribution is likely continuous along the range of its host. Adults were collected from June through September from Texas and from August through September in Arizona .</p><p>Discussion. The clean gray parafacial is the clearest diagnostic character for this species in the eastern United States. Other eastern Nearctic sword flies have at least a partially yellow parafacial. When the head coloration is ambiguous, the presence of distinct thoracic vittae and strong ocellar setae should distinguish E. texana from E. borealis sp. nov. The piercer of E. texana is intermediate in length between the longer piercer of E. auriceps and the shorter piercer of E. borealis sp. nov.</p><p>It is more complicated to diagnose E. texana in the desert southwest, as E. sabroskyi sp. nov. is not easily diagnosed by external characteristics. Males of E. sabroskyi sp. nov. differ in having a basal notch on the surstylus, and females have longer piercers, but piercer length varies considerably across the range of E. texana, and other external characters intergrade between the two. Thus, placements for southwestern females should be considered tentative, pending genetic data and more collecting. If either of these species are later found in Mexico, they can be distinguished from most Neotropical species by their thinner thoracic vittae. Furthermore, eastern and western specimens tend to differ in parafacial width, which suggests that further subdivisions may be needed in the future. Compared with other Nearctic species, E. texana has a considerable range, which may be partially explained by host use. One known host, Helvibotys helvialis, ranges north to Maine and Ontario, south to southern Florida (Covell 2005), and west to southern California (Essig Museum of Entomology 2017). This host association would explain the wide ecogeographic range of E. texana from both humid coastal plains to dry savannahs of the desert Southwest. The host plants of H. helvialis, pigweed ( Amaranthus L. spp.) and beet ( Beta vulgaris L.), are equally widespread (Covell 2005). A second known host was identified as “ Phlyctaenia ferrugalis ”, now known as Udea ferrugalis, the Rusty-dot Pearl. This is probably a misidentification, as U. ferrugalis is an Old World species without any New World records. The host was more likely U. rubigalis (Hubner) ( Crambidae: Spilomelinae) (Celery Leaftier Moth), a common eastern species that feeds on a range of host plants, including beets. Given that both hosts are crambid moths known for feeding on Amaranthaceae, E. texana may specialize on Amaranthaceae-feeding caterpillars.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669608F60FF1BF942FAC985BB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669678F63FF1BFE1EFF75874B.text	038687B669678F63FF1BFE1EFF75874B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria woodorum Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria woodorum sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 19, 39, 64, 84, 134, 150, 167, 179)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, labeled “ MEXICO, Pue/ Atlixco/ 10.VII.78/ G. &amp;M. Wood ”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria/ woodorum/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00288” (DMW).</p><p>Paratypes, 2 ♂♂ and 2 ♀♀. Mexico — Chiapas: 1 ♀, “ MEXICO Chis. 6.0/ km SW Ocosingo/ 20.IX.1991 / M. Wood 1400m ”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / woodorum/ ZL Burington [yellow label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00286” (DMW). Guerrero : 1 ♂, “ MEXICO, Gro./ Chilpancingo/ 18-20.VII.78/ G. &amp;M. Wood ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00289” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (DMW) . 1 ♂, “ MEXICO Gro 9.6/ km S Xochipala/ 12.VII.1992 / M. Wood 1500m ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00201” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (DMW). Morelos: 1 ♀, “ MEXICO, Mor./ Cañon de Lobos / 30.VII.78/ G. &amp;M. Wood ”, “Eucelatoriopsis nr/ inepta (Wulp)/ Det. D. M. Wood 1979”, “8 [blue label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00287” (DMW) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is most similar to E. jorgecortesi sp. nov. and E. crambivora sp. nov. in sharing four thin thoracic vittae, broad and even abdominal tomentum bands, and yellow palpi. It differs from E. crambivora sp. nov. in that the parafacial tomentum is yellow, and from females of E. jorgecortesi sp. nov. in that the piercer is triangular in caudal view.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor of Grace and Monty Wood, who jointly collected many of the specimens included in this revision.</p><p>Description. [Described from 2 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 6.8–8.0 mm (mean = 7.4 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, upper half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum yellow, sometimes entirely faded to gray; in female entire post-ocular plate yellow. Genal dilation, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setae yellow to gray. Ocellar setae two-thirds to three-fourths length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 2–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1–2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on lower third or less. Postocellar setae one-half to three-fourths length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half to three-fourths length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta undifferentiated from post-orbital row of setae. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 5–8, last frontal seta level with arista base. Eye apparently bare. Eye height to head height ratio 0.81–0.86 (mean = 0.84). Postpedicel length 0.35–0.49 (mean = 0.40) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.43–0.54 (mean = 0.50) height of head. Parafacial width 0.08–0.13 (mean = 0.10) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.28–0.41 (mean = 0.33) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 1.6–2.7 (mean = 1.9) width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.23–0.25 (mean = 0.24) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus yellow, tan at base, rarely darker; slightly flattened and dilated at apex in both sexes; with short, stout setae dorsoapically; in male with longer stout setae apicolaterally; with several long thin pale setae mediolaterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.4 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum gray to yellow-gray, usually more yellow on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum gray to yellow. Presutural outer vitta triangular to subtriangular, distinctly disconnected from anterior margin. Postsutural outer vitta subfusiform to subquadrate, disconnected from inner vitta. Inner thoracic vittae bar-shaped, slightly divergent; extending to level of second postsutural dorsocentral seta. Scutellar dorsal tomentum gray to yellow-gray, covering two-thirds area. Postpronotum with 3–4 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae, rarely with an aberrant third posterior seta. Fore tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal seta. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands gray, even; covering two-thirds to threefourths area T3–5; median vitta narrow and faint, or absent. Ventral tomentum bands as dorsal bands, with small diffuse area of tomentum marginally on female T1+2. T4 marginal setae forming continuous row of 4 or more pairs of widely spaced erect setae descending to ventral margin of T4.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 134, 150, 167). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated by 0.35 width of basal notch; apical lobes subequal to length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded on posterior margin; base dilated, apical two thirds digitiform; anterior emargination one-half width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus paddleshaped; 2.5 times long as wide; gradually curved on posterior and anterior margins; apex blunt; basal lobe small and rounded. Cercus in lateral view dilated at base, then narrowed at mid length, margins subparallel to slightly hooked apex; with cercus strongly angled at mid length; in caudal view margins narrowing to mid length, then subparallel until slightly pointed apex. Upper lobe subquadrate, inner margin straight; 0.27 length of cercus. Median section 0.38 length of cercus. Apical cleft slightly divergent, with strong marginal teeth, 0.35 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.47 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 64). Piercer generally not extending beyond apex of T4, in lateral view gradually curved to apex; in posterior view triangular, gradually narrowed to apex. Aculeate lobe subequal height of segment 7 base. End tergite not visible. Cercus with 8 setae. Postgenital plate with 10 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals of E. woodorum sp. nov. are known from the pineoak forests of southern Mexico, where they were collected at 120–1800 m elevation (Fig. 179).</p><p>Discussion. This species is very close to and nearly inseparable from E. jorgecortesi sp. nov., as both have a yellow parafacial lacking in E. crambivora sp. nov. The only consistent difference between the females is the shape of the piercer in caudal view, which is distinctly different between the two species; in E. jorgecortesi sp. nov., the piercer is narrow with subparallel margins to the apex, and in E. woodorum sp. nov. the piercer is broad and triangular.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669678F63FF1BFE1EFF75874B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669648F7DFF1BFC4EFC06874B.text	038687B669648F7DFF1BFC4EFC06874B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria yanayacu Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria yanayacu sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1I, 20, 40, 65, 85, 105, 120, 135, 151, 168, 174)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, labeled “ECUADOR-Cosanga/ YBS-[ Yanayacu Biological Station] Pan Traps / 1– 10[/]Jul[/]08/ Diego Inclán”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / yanayacu/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “DIP550 [specimen ID for Yanayacu tachinid pan trap survey]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00191” (JOSC; to be deposited in MECN).</p><p>Allotype ♀, labeled “ECUADOR-Cosanga/ YBS-Pan Traps / 1–10[/]Jun[/]08/ Diego Inclán”, “ ALLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / yanayacu/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “DIP312”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00184” (JOSC; to be deposited in CNC).</p><p>Paratypes, 20 ♀♀ and 8 ♂♂. Ecuador — Napo: 1 ♂ and 2 ♀♀, labeled “ECUADOR-Cosanga/ YBS-Pan Traps / 1–8[/] May [/]07/ Diego Inclán ”, the Yanayacu ID “DIP1505”, “1506”, and “1507”, the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00178” [♀] (JOSC) , “00177” [♀] (JOSC), and “00188” [♂] (JOSC; to be deposited in CNC) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “1–8/Jul/07”, Yanayacu ID “1763”, and the specimen ID “00190” (JOSC) . 1 ♂, as previous except date “4–11/Feb/08”, Yanayacu ID “131”, and specimen ID “00296” (JOSC) . 1 ♂ and 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “1–10/ May /08”, Yanayacu IDs “252”, “257”, and “258”, and specimen IDs “00171” [♀], “00176” [♀], and “00180” [♂] (JOSC) . 1 ♂ and 7 ♀♀, as previous except date “1–10/Jun/08”; Yanayacu IDs “826”, “332”, “283”, “289”, “296”, “444”, “286”, “298”; and specimen IDs “00170” [♀], “00173” [♀], “00174” [♀], “00175” [♀], “00182” [♀], “00187” [♀], “00186” [♀], and “00189” [♂; genitalia in vial under specimen] (JOSC) . 1 ♀, as previous except “DIP328”, “B11” [terminalia in vial under specimen] (JOSC) 1 ♀, as previous except date “1–10/Aug/08”, Yanayacu ID “688”, and specimen ID “00181” (JOSC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “1–10/Sep/08”, Yanayacu ID “738”, and specimen ID “00179” (JOSC) . 1 ♀, as previous except “1–10/Oct/08”, Yanayacu ID “1005”, and specimen ID “00185” (JOSC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “1–10/Nov/08”, Yanayacu ID “1106”, and specimen ID “00183” (JOSC) . Pinchicha: 1 ♂, “ Tandapi, 40 km./ SW. Quito, 1300–/ 1500m. ECUADOR / 15–21.VI.65, Pena ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00193” (CNC) . 1 ♀, “ ECUADOR, Pich. / 2 km E Tandapi / 4.VI.83 1520m / G. &amp; M. Wood ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00194” (DMW) . Bolivia — Cochabamba: 2 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀, “ BOLIVIA Cbba Chapare/ Villa Tunarí-Cochabamba / road - km 365 - 1800/ G. &amp; M. Wood ”, the specimen IDs “ZLB_E.Ferox 00195” [♀], “00197” [♀], “00199” [♂], “00192” [♀], “00198” [♀], and “00196” [♂] (DMW) . 1 ♂, “ BOLIVIA, El Limbo/ 65°36′W 17°07′S / 2200m. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.6/lat -17.116667)">Nov.</a> 63/ F. Steinbach ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00200” (CNC) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is most similar to E. gladiatrix, E. falcata sp. nov., and E. charapensis in its large body size, minute to absent ocellar setae, and V-shaped vittae on the thoracic dorsum. It is distinguished from these species by the dense gold coloration of the head and thoracic dorsum tomentum, the broad parafacial, nearly onesixth the length of the head and often approaching the width of the postpedicel, the thick and uninterrupted V-shaped vittae, and the diffuse, nearly indistinct tomentum of the scutellum and abdominal dorsum. The female piercer generally extends at least to the apex of T1+2, if not over the entire length of the abdomen.</p><p>Etymology. Named for the type locality, the Yanayacu Biological Station, Ecuador, which means “black water” in Kichwa.</p><p>Description. [Described from 21 ♀♀ and 9 ♂♂. Head measurements are from 4 ♀♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 6.1–10.5 mm (mean = 8.5 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, post-ocular plate, face, and gena tomentum dense yellow gold, appearing almost as gold leaf without magnification. Postgena and occiput tomentum mostly ash-gray, often with a small amount of gold speckling adjacent to post-ocular plate. Pale occipital setae bright yellow-gold to pale yellow. Ocellar setae minute, indistinct, or setula-like, usually less than one-third length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 4–6 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 2 strong setae, sometimes with 3. Facial ridge with setulae on less than lower one-third. Postocellar setae three-fourths to subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital setae, occasionally with third seta located on the mid line. Paravertical seta one-half to two thirds length of postocellar seta. Outer vertical seta hair-like, no more than one-fourth length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 5–9, last frontal seta level with arista base or as much as 3 arista bases beyond. Eye with sparse ommatrichia no more than two facets in length. Eye height to head height ratio 0.78–0.84 (mean = 0.81). Postpedicel length 0.38– 0.44 (mean = 0.40) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.47–0.65 (mean = 0.54) height of head. Parafacial width 0.12–0.16 (mean = 0.14) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.30–0.40 (mean = 0.34) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel width 1.2–1.7 (mean = 1.5) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.24–0.30 (mean = 0.27) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus dark-brown to black, subcylindrical in males, dilated at apex in females; with short dense setae extending along apical half and several long thin mediolateral setae.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.4 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum gray, merging to yellow-gold on upper part of anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow-gold. Outer vittae elliptical to bar-shaped, fused at notopleural suture, separated from inner vitta by only thin line of tomentum, fused to inner thoracic vitta level with first or second postsutural dorsocentral seta, such that entire fused vitta resembles an elongate, parallel sided, thick armed ‘V’ extending from anterior margin to posterior margin of mesonotum. Scutellar dorsal tomentum diffuse gray, visible clearly only at the apex. Postpronotum with 4 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 4 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1–2 pairs discal setae. Fore tibia with 2 posterodorsal setae. Wing lightly to moderately infuscated around wing base, costa, subcosta and radial sector, occasionally also infuscated around media and posterior wing veins.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands diffuse gray, extending one-half to threefourths length of T3–5. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray, appearing bluish in direct light, extending over threefourths to entirely covering T1–5. T4 with 1 pair erect median marginal setae; in female, with 1–2 pairs of lateral marginal setae; in male, with 4 or more pairs of lateral marginal setae forming continuous row to ventral margin of T4.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 135, 151, 168). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth blunt, usually divergent, separated 0.4 width of basal notch; apical lobes subequal to length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded on posterior margin; incised margin semicircular, depth subequal width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus subdigitiform; posterior and anterior margins rounded, posterior margin distinctly convex, not parallel; with rounded, blunt apex; with margin of basal lobe gradually rounded. Cercus in lateral view straight, dilated at base, margins parallel along mid length; apex with small point; in caudal view lateral margin narrowing from upper lobe to base of apical notch, broadened slightly at apical notch, with blunt apex. Upper lobe subquadrate; 0.2 length of cercus. Median section 0.5 length of cercus. Apical cleft slightly divergent, 0.3 length of cercus. Syncercus apex in caudal view 0.6 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 105, 120). Piercer extending to at least the apex of T1+2, often extending to base of abdomen or beyond; in lateral view gradually curved with slightly bent apex; in posterior view parallel on basal third, slightly broadened at mid length, gradually narrowed to apex. Aculeate lobe length more than three times height of segment 7 base. End tergite wedge-shaped, apex pointed, ten times as long as wide. Cercus with 8–9 setae; ventral elongation more than three times width of main cercus body, flared past midpoint, extending more than half the distance to apex of end tergite. Postgenital plate with 12 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Eucelatoria yanayacu sp. nov. is known only from the tropical montane forests of northern Ecuador and the Yungas montane forests of Central Bolivia (Fig. 174), where it has been collected at elevations of 1300 to 2200 m. At Yanayacu Biological station (n = 23), specimens have been collected year round, with most individuals collected in May and June. This species’ range likely includes similar humid montane forest habitat in Peru, and may also extend into the montane forests of Colombia.</p><p>Discussion. The size and coloration of E. yanayacu sp. nov. makes both males and females distinctive among E. ferox group species. Other diagnostic characters in addition to those mentioned above include the minute ocellar setae and the large number of genal setae. The general “hairiness” of this species is exemplified by occasional large stray discal setae on the abdominal tergites, including T1+2, and the unusual third postocellar seta present in several specimens. The shape of the surstylus varies between Ecuadorian and Bolivian populations, with Bolivian males having a wider, less digitiform surstylus in lateral view. These are otherwise inseparable.</p><p>Individuals may be confused with specimens of Eucelatoria species allied with E. dimmocki (Aldrich), one of which is nearly identical in size and coloration and known to be sympatric with E. yanayacu sp. nov. These “mimics” are otherwise distinguished by their hairy eyes, apical scutellar setae, the short piercer of the female, the long basal plate of the fifth abdominal sternite, and other characteristics similar to Eucelatoria dimmocki and related species. Research on beetle mimics of tachinid and sarcophagid flies has suggested similar mimicry complexes form in response to bird predation; individuals benefit from looking similar because birds recognize them as being evasive and difficult to catch (Hespenheide 1973; Vanin &amp; Guerra 2012). However, it is not clear whether these represent part of an actual mimicry complex, or if so, who is mimicking whom.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669648F7DFF1BFC4EFC06874B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6697A8F7DFF1BFC4FFAD38127.text	038687B6697A8F7DFF1BFC4FFAD38127.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria kopis Burington 2022	<div><p>E. kopis sp. nov. subgroup</p><p>Recognition. Individuals of the E. kopis sp. nov. subgroup have the postsutural thoracic vittae fused into a single large vitta covering most of the postsutural area (e.g., Figs 1A–C, 15), and usually the presutural vittae are fused into two. All known females of these species possess piercers with a basal bend in lateral view (Figs 69, 106–108) and the end tergite halves either partially or entirely fused along the mid line (Figs 121–123).</p><p>Relationships and ecology. The species E. gustavogutierrezi sp. nov., E. ritavargasae sp. nov., and E. kopis sp. nov. appear to form a clade split basally from the remaining species of the E. ferox group (Fig. 1). The mean genetic distance between the E. kopis sp. nov. subgroup and the E. ferox and E. gladiatrix subgroups is 0.04, much higher than the distances between E. kopis subgroup species (0.000 –0.026). Larvae of these entirely Neotropical species parasitize a variety of Lepidoptera families including Depressaridae, Oecophoridae, Tortricidae, and Pyralidae .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6697A8F7DFF1BFC4FFAD38127	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6697A8F7FFF1BFA62FF5B859E.text	038687B6697A8F7FFF1BFA62FF5B859E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria gustavogutierrezi Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria gustavogutierrezi sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1A, 21, 41, 66, 86, 106, 121, 136, 152, 169, 176)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, labeled “DHJPAR0034387”, “Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http:// janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 09 -SRNP- 35146”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / gustavogutierrezi/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “LEGS AWAY FOR DNA”, “Janzen06”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00006” (CNC).</p><p>Paratypes, 1 ♂ and 4 ♀♀. Costa Rica — Guanacaste: 1 ♂, labeled “DHJPAR0050613”, “ Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http://janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 13 -SRNP-69094”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / gustavogutierrezi/ Z.L. Burington [yellow label]”, “LEGS AWAY FOR DNA”, “Janzen06”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00008” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . 2 ♀♀, as previous except DHJPAR numbers “DHJPAR0049524” and “DHJPAR0053214”, SRNP numbers “12 -SRNP- 81030” and “13 -SRNP-35825”, and specimen identifiers “00007” and “00009” [first with terminalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) . Heredia: 1 ♀, “ COSTA RICA: Heredia Prov. / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-84.004&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.425333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -84.004/lat -10.425333)">La Selva Biol Sta.</a> 58 m / 10°25.52′S [sic; N] 84°00.24′W / 2.I.2015 / J.O. Stireman, A. Eckhardt ”, “JOS115.20”, [pink label], “ Eucelatoria / ( Xiphomyia grp?)”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00405” (JOSC) . 1 ♀, “WCCTR/ 7119”, “ Eucelatoria ”, “ COSTA RICA: Heredia Prov.,/ La Selva Biological Station,/ STR 1650, 3[/]22[/]2000/ L. Dyer, Coll.”, “Reared: Pantographa / suffusalis/ ex. Hampia/ appendiculata” (JOSC) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is similar to other E. ferox group species with a single postsutural vitta, but is easily recognized by the large yellow to tan palpi and absent ocellar setae.</p><p>Etymology. By recommendation of Dr. Daniel Janzen, this species “is named in recognition of Dr. Gustavo Gutierrez Espeleta for his full support of the new collaborations between Costa Rica’s Area de Conservación Guanacaste and the Universidad de Costa Rica ”.</p><p>Description. [Described from 4 ♀♀ and 1 ♂.] Length 4.0– 5.5 mm (mean = 5.0 mm).</p><p>Head. Fronto-orbital plate, vertex, upper half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum yellow, appearing dark gold. Genal dilation, lower half of post-ocular plate, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Parafacial tomentum yellow on upper three-fourths, merging to ash-gray near ventral corner, occasionally entirely yellow. Pale occipital setae ash-gray, usually merging to yellow on upper half of occiput. Ocellar setae minute or apparently absent, not distinguishable from setulae of ocellar triangle, rarely with a single seta. Gena with 4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta. Facial ridge with setulae on lower one-third to one-half. Postocellar setae one-third to two-thirds length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Paravertical seta one-half to subequal to length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta undifferentiated in male, one-third length of inner vertical seta in female. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 4–5, last frontal seta level with arista base. Eye with short setulae, no more than 1–2 facets in length. Eye height to head height ratio 0.86–0.90 (mean = 0.88). Postpedicel length 0.41–0.44 (mean = 0.42) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.54–0.58 (mean = 0.56) height of head. Parafacial width 0.03–0.07 (mean = 0.04) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.25–0.33 (mean = 0.30) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 4.0–7.0 (mean = 5.4) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.22–0.23 width of head in dorsal view. Palpus tan to yellow; subcylindrical and slightly dilated at tip in male; greatly dilated and flattened at apex in female; with short dark setae apically, longer ventrally, shorter dorsally in female; with several thin black setae mediolaterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray, merging to yellow on upper part of anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow, appearing dark gold, occasionally gray medially. Presutural outer vitta subquadrate, width two times that of inner vitta, connected to postsutural vittae. Presutural inner thoracic vittae bar-shaped, narrowly separated from outer vittae, rarely fused to outer vittae creating two presutural vittae. Postsutural vittae apparently fused into a single vitta covering most of area; tomentum visible on subquadrate area posteromedially and adjacent to supra-alar and intra-alar setae. Scutellar dorsal tomentum diffuse, yellow to gray, covering apical third to one-half of dorsal area. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 4 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae; the long clothing setulae occasionally seeming as a false second pair. Fore tibia with a single posterodorsal seta. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands diffuse gray to yellow-gray, appearing gold in some individuals; covering one-third to one-half area of T3–5, narrower on T3 than T5; with distinct median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray merging to yellow dorsally; covering three-fourths to entirety of T3–5. T4 with 2 pairs of median marginal setae and 2 pairs of lateral marginal setae.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 136, 152, 169). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.53 width of basal notch; apical lobes subequal to length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded on posterior margin, slightly narrowed from base to digitiform apex, the anterior emargination subequal in depth to width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus paddle shaped, 2.5 times as long as wide, gradually curved on margins to blunt apex; the basal lobe small with distinct angle on margin. Cercus in lateral view slightly dilated at base, then gradually narrowed to parallel sided, with blunt apex; in caudal view gradually narrowed to mid length, then subparallel to apex. Upper lobe subquadrate, inner margin curved; 0.29 length of cercus. Median section 0.41 length of cercus. Apical cleft parallel sided, 0.28 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.42 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 106, 121). Piercer generally extending to base of T3 or beyond, often hidden between tergite edges, in lateral view sharply curved anterad near base, then gradually tapered to slightly bent apex; flat or concave anteriorally with strong ridge between anterior and lateral faces; in posterior view parallel sided on basal half, then gradually narrowed to tip. Aculeate lobe 2.5 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite halves irregularly fused medially, the unit more than four times as long as wide. Cercus with 6 setae, the ventral elongation subequal in length to width of cercus body. Postgenital plate with 10 setae.</p><p>Hosts. Thirteen individuals have been reared from caterpillars of Inga Mill. sp. (Oecophoridae) feeding on Neea psychotrioides Donn.Sm. (Nyctaginaceae) (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008), and one individual has been reared from Pantographa suffusalis Druce (Crambidae) feeding on Hampea appendiculata (Donn. Sm.) Standl. (Malvaceae) (Stireman et al. 2017).</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals of E. gustavogutierrezi sp. nov. are known from montane and moist lowland forests in Costa Rica at 50–1200 m elevation (Fig. 176).</p><p>Discussion. This species includes “Janzen06” in the Area de Conservación Guanacaste database (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008). Genetic data show no population structure; one individual from La Selva (ZLB_E.Ferox 00405) does not differ genetically from those in Guanacaste province (Fig. 1). The extent of yellow tomentum on the parafacial seems to vary within this species, as does the shape of the presutural thoracic vittae, but other characters are uniform.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6697A8F7FFF1BFA62FF5B859E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669788F7EFF1BFE3AFD4686E7.text	038687B669788F7EFF1BFE3AFD4686E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria hafelei Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria hafelei sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 42, 87, 137, 153, 170, 176)</p><p>Type material. Holotype male, labeled “ BOLIVIA Cbba Chapare / Villa Tunarí – Cochabamba / road - km 365 -1800m / G. &amp; M. Wood 3–10.xii.96”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / hafelei/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00386” (DMW).</p><p>Paratype, 1 ♂. Bolivia — Cochabamba: 1 ♂, labeled “ BOLIVIA Cbba Chapare / Villa Tunarí – Cochabamba / road - km 358 -1300m / Pruett &amp; Wood 23.III.95”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / hafelei/ Z.L. Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00387” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (DMW) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is closest to E. ritavargasae sp. nov.; in both species the palpi are dark, the presutural thoracic vittae are fused into two, the postsutural thoracic vittae are fused into one, and the scutellum bears visible tomentum only at the extreme apex. Males of E. hafelei sp. nov. are distinguished from E. ritavargasae sp. nov. by the broader, denser dorsal abdominal bands, the less dilated cercus apex in lateral view, the more narrowly separated basal lobes of the cercus, the long setae at the apex of the surstylus, and the more rounded, shallower anterior emargination of the postgonite.</p><p>Etymology. This species is named in honor and memory of Dr. Joseph C. Hafele (1944–2014), physicist, grandfather of the author, known for conducting the first experimental test of time dilation under special relativity with Dr. Richard Keating in 1971.</p><p>Description. Male [described from 2 specimens]. Length 8.9–9 mm.</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, upper half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum dense yellow, appearing gold. Genal dilation, lower half of post-ocular plate, postgena, and occiput tomentum ashgray, diffuse on gena such that it appears close to black. Pale occipital setae gray on lower half, merging to yellow on upper half. Ocellar setae three-fours to subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 4–5 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on lower one-third to one-half. Postocellar setae one-half to three-fourths length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta not differentiated from post-ocular row. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 9–10, last frontal seta level with base of arista or slightly beyond. Eye with short setulae, each setula no longer than four facets. Eye height to head height ratio 0.80–0.84. Postpedicel length 0.37–0.40 height of head. Facial ridge length 0.44–0.45 height of head. Parafacial width 0.12–0.13 lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.36–0.41 length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 1.7 times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.22–0.23 width of head in dorsal view. Palpus black, slightly flattened and expanded at apex in male, with many short, stout dorsal and ventral setae, and several longer, thinner setae mediolaterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.4 width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray, merging to yellow on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum ash-gray to yellow, usually more gray medially. Presutural outer and inner vittae fused, at most with a narrow line of diffuse tomentum near notopleural suture; the two subquadrate bands separated medially by subtriangular region of tomentum, pointed anteriorly. Postsutural vittae merged into single vitta covering most of area, with only narrow region of tomentum visible between postsutural supra-alar and intra-alar setae. Scutellar dorsal tomentum diffuse, gray to yellow, visible only between subapical setae at apex in dorsal view. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Fore tibia with 3 posterodorsal setae. Wing infuscated in membrane adjacent to costa, radius, and in the dm cell. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands ash-gray to yellow, covering one-third to one-half length of T3–5; with wide median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray, covering one-half to two-thirds of T3–5. T4 median marginal setae and lateral marginal setae forming continuous, widely spaced row of 5 or more pairs.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 137, 153, 170). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.37 width of basal notch; apical lobes 0.8 times length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded on posterior margin; broadened on basal third, then narrowed to parallel sided, digitiform apex; anterior emargination depth subequal width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus paddle shaped; three times as wide as long; posterior and anterior margins gradually curved; apex blunt with long setae; basal lobe margin rounded. Cercus in lateral view gradually narrowed from base to mid length, then slightly dilated at apex; in caudal view narrowed to mid length then broadened to blunt apex. Upper lobe rectangular; inner margin between lobes u-shaped; 0.24 length of cercus. Median section 0.5 length of cercus. Apical cleft divergent at approximately a 20 degree angle, 0.28 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.51 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals of E. hafelei sp. nov. have been collected from tropical montane forests in Bolivia at elevations of 2200 m (Fig. 176).</p><p>Discussion. Only two males are known for this species, but the genitalia and external characters are distinct enough from E. ritavargasae sp. nov. and other species with two presutural vittae and limited tomentum on the scutellum to warrant description. Females are likely similar in piercer length and shape to E. ritavargasae sp. nov. and should have wider abdominal bands as in males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669788F7EFF1BFE3AFD4686E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669798F79FF1BFCA2FDBE828F.text	038687B669798F79FF1BFCA2FDBE828F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria kopis Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria kopis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1B, 22, 43, 67, 88, 107, 122, 178)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, labeled “LEGS AWAY FOR DNA”, “DHJPAR0007047”, “Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http://janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 05 -SRNP- 34643” “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / kopis/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “ ♀ -black/ palpi/ but very/ long weak/ bristles on/ carina [handwritten label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00002” (CNC)</p><p>Allotype ♂, labeled “LEGS AWAY FOR DNA”, “DHJPAR0050640”, “Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http://janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 12 -SRNP- 77833”, “ALLOTYPE/ Eucelatoria / kopis/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “Janzen03”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00003” (CNC).</p><p>Paratypes, 8 ♀♀. Bolivia — Cochabamba : 1 ♀, labeled “ BOLIVIA Cbba Chapare/ road to P.N. Carrasco/ 500m 14.XII.96/ M.Butler, D.M.Wood ”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / kopis/ ZL Burington [yellow label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00388” (DMW). Costa Rica — Guanacaste : 1 ♀, “LEGS AWAY FOR DNA”, “DHJPAR0044843”, “Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http://janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 11 -SRNP- 2238”, “Janzen03DHJ02”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00001” [terminalia in vial under specimen] (CNC). Brazil — Santa Catarina : 1 ♀, “Nova Teutonia/ S.C - BRAZIL / Nov. 1960 / F. Plaumann ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00219” (CNC). Ecuador — Napo : 1 ♀, “ ECUADOR: Prov. Napo / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-77.61667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.0666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -77.61667/lat -1.0666667)">Jatún Sacha</a>; (14n)/ 077°37′W / 01°04′S, ca. 380 m / 8-vii-1998 leg. P. Sehnal ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00390” (NHMW) . 1 ♀, “ ECUADOR, Napo / 7 km s Baeza/ 28.III.1983 / G. &amp; M. Wood ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00207” (DMW). Peru —Cusco ?: 1 ♀, “Chaquimayo/ Peru”, “OnFoliage/ 5.II.10”, “CHTTownsend/ coll”, “Townsend/ Genotype/ Collection”, “ Spathimyia / ferox TT ♀ / DetCHTT”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00389”, “USNM ENT 0039915” (USNM). Cajamarca ?: 1 ♀, “RCharapePeru/ 4500ft 15.IX.11”, “CHTTownsend/ coll”, “Xiphomyia/ n. sp.”, “USNM ENT 00040079”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00358” (USNM). Madre de Dios: 1 ♀, “ Avispas, Madre / de Dios, PERU / 10–20.IX.1962 / L. Pema, 400m ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00217” [terminalia in vial under specimen] (CNC) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is most similar to E. sica sp. nov. and E. makhaira sp. nov., as all have two presutural and one postsutural thoracic vittae, black palpi, and tomentum covering the apical third of the scutellum. It differs from E. makhaira sp. nov. in that the parafacial tomentum is yellow, and differs from E. sica sp. nov. in that the piercer is longer and the palpus is less dilated and flattened in the female.</p><p>Etymology. From the Greek κοπίς (= kopis), a curved sword used in ancient Greece and Persia.</p><p>Description. [Described from 9 ♀♀ and 1 ♂; head measurements from 5 ♀♀ and 1 ♂.] Length 5.4–7.0 mm (mean = 6.25 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, upper half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum yellow, rarely entirely gray. Lower half of post-ocular plate, genal dilation, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setae yellow to gray. Ocellar setae one-third to subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital seta, usually thinner than reclinate orbital setae. Gena with 3–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta. Facial ridge with setulae on lower one-third to one-half. Postocellar setae one-half to subequal to length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta three-fourths to subequal to length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta undifferentiated in male, one-third to one-half length of inner vertical in female. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 6–10, last frontal seta level with base of postpedicel, or slightly beyond. Eye with short setulae, each setula no longer than 1–2 facets. Eye height to head height ratio 0.73–0.91 (mean = 0.86). Postpedicel length 0.37–0.39 (mean = 0.37) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.46–0.52 (mean = 0.49) height of head. Parafacial width 0.05–0.08 (mean = 0.06) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.33–0.43 (mean = 0.38) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.6–3.7 (mean = 3.2) width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.24–0.26 (mean = 0.24) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus black to dark brown; subcylindrical in male, slightly dilated and flattened at apex to subcylindrical in female; with short setae dorsoapically and longer setae laterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3–1.5 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray to yellow-gray, usually more yellow on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow to ash-gray. Presutural inner and outer vittae merged into single subquadrate vitta, such that there are only two presutural vittae; partially fused near anterior margin; posteromedially separated by small triangular area of tomentum one-half or less width of presutural vitta. Postsutural vittae merged into single large vitta covering most of postsutural notum; with only a small area of tomentum adjacent to supra-alar and intra-alar seta rows and rectangular area of tomentum near notum posterior margin. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow to gray, confined to apical one-third. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 3 posterodorsal seta. Wing hyaline, at most with membrane lightly infuscated around costa and radial sector.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands yellow to gray, covering one-fourth to one half area of T3–5; with wide median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands yellow to gray, covering one-third to onehalf area of T3–5. T4 with 5 or more pairs of lateral setae, the median and lateral marginals forming continuous, widely spaced row.</p><p>Male terminalia. Unknown [undissected as the allotype is the only known male].</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 107, 122). Piercer extending either to base of T3 or beyond, in lateral view bend anterad near base, then gradually curved to bent apex; in posterior view parallel sided on basal half, then gradually narrowed to apex. Aculeate lobe 2.8 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite halves fused into single triangular plate, four times as long as wide, pointed posteriorly. Cercus with 6 setae; ventral elongation length 2 times width of main cercus body. Postgenital plate with 10 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Five individuals (“Janzen03DHJ02”) have been reared from Ethmia catapeltica Meyrick (Depressariidae) feeding on Cordia alliodora (Ruiz &amp; Pav.) Oken (Cordiaceae) in Costa Rica (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008).</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals of E. kopis sp. nov. are known from tropical forests in Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia, at elevations of 100–2100 m (Fig. 178).</p><p>Discussion. This taxon undoubtedly represents a species complex, given the large variation in palpi shape. Genetic data show at least two strongly supported sequence clusters (Fig. 1). However, females do not vary in the structure of the terminal abdominal segments, and there are few other external differences. The one included male (the allotype) is in in poor condition. Therefore, these are all included under E. kopis until more males are available. There is a second lineage listed in the Area de Conservación Guanacaste database under “Janzen03” (Janzen03DHJ01), but genetic and morphological characters suggest that this Eucelatoria species is not at all closely related to E. kopis sp. nov. or any member of the E. ferox group (unpublished data). The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports E. kopis sp. nov. as closely related to E. ritavargasae sp. nov., and more distantly related to E. gustavogutierrezi sp. nov. (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669798F79FF1BFCA2FDBE828F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6697E8F78FF1BF90AFC9F833F.text	038687B6697E8F78FF1BF90AFC9F833F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria makhaira Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria makhaira sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 23, 44, 68, 89, 178)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, labeled “Yurimaguas/ R. Huallaga / Peru-VIII-14 [1914?]”, “CHT Tow’d/ coll”, “HOLOTYPE/ Eucelatoria / makhaira/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “on foliage”, “Yuri 14.viii/ On Foliage”, “USNM ENT 00040037”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00344” (USNM).</p><p>Allotype ♂, labeled “Yurimaguas/ R. Huallaga / Peru-VIII-13”, “CHTTow’d/ coll”, “ ALLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / makhaira/ ZL Burington [red label]” “on foliage”, “Yuri 13.viii/ On Foliage”, “USNM ENT 00040038”, “ZLB_ E.Ferox 00343” (USNM).</p><p>Paratypes, 2 ♀♀. Brazil — São Paulo: 1 ♀, labeled “ ♀ ”, “Itaquaquecetuba/ Sao Paulo Brazil ”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / makhaira/ ZL Burington [yellow label]”, “ Eucelatoria ”, “USNM ENT 00040015”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00339”, the abdomen on card under specimen (USNM). Peru — San Martín : 1 ♀, “Shambolog/ near Lamas,/ Peru-VIII-4”, “CHTTownsend/ Collr.”, “Smbl 4-VIII/ On Foliage”, “USNM ENT 00040020”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00340” (USNM) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is most similar to E. sica sp. nov. and E. kopis sp. nov., as all have two presutural and one postsutural thoracic vitta, black palpi, and tomentum covering the apical third of the scutellum. It differs in that the parafacial tomentum is gray.</p><p>Etymology. From the Greek μάχαιρα (= makhaira), a curved sword used in ancient Greece and Persia.</p><p>Description. [Described from 3 ♀♀ and 1 ♂.] Length 4.4–5.1 mm (mean = 4.9 mm).</p><p>Head. Vertex and upper one-fourth post-ocular plate tomentum pale yellow. Parafacial, lower portion of postocular plate, genal dilation, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Fronto-orbital plate pale yellow on posterior one half, occasionally more, merging to gray near lowest extent of frontal setae. Pale occipital setae gray to dirtygray. Ocellar setae one-half to subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 3–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1–2 setae. Facial ridge with setulae on less than lower one third to more than one-half length, usually onethird. Postocellar setae one-half to subequal to length ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half to three-fourths length of postocellar seta. Outer vertical seta undifferentiated in male; one-fourth to one-third length of inner vertical seta in female. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 5–7, last frontal seta level with base of postpedicel to base of arista. Eye with short setulae, each setula no longer than 1–2 facets. Eye height to head height ratio 0.84–0.92 (mean = 0.87). Postpedicel length 0.37–0.40 (mean = 0.38) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.45–0.54 (mean = 0.49) height of head. Parafacial width 0.04–0.06 (mean = 0.05) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.30–0.45 (mean = 0.39) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 4.0–5.3 (mean = 4.6) times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.23–0.27 (mean = 0.24) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus dark brown, subcylindrical in both sexes; with short, stout apicodorsal setae, longer stout apicolateral setae, short thin apicoventral setae, and several long thin mediolateral setae.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray. Dorsal tomentum gray to yellow-gray. Presutural outer and inner vittae fused into single subquadrate vitta, such that there are two broad presutural thoracic vittae; separated medially by triangular area of tomentum one-fourth to one-half width of vitta. Postsutural vittae fused into single broad vitta covering most of postsutural area, at most with narrow region of tomentum adjacent to intra-alar and supra-alar setae and to posterior margin of notum. Scutellar dorsal tomentum gray, covering apical one-fourth of area. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Fore tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal seta. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands ash-gray, covering one-fourth to one-third area of T3–5; with broad median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands gray, covering one-third to two-thirds area of T3–5. T4 with 4 or more pairs of marginal setae, the lateral and medial setae forming a continuous, widely spaced row.</p><p>Male terminalia. Unknown [undissected as the allotype is the only known male].</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 68). Piercer generally extending to base of T3, in lateral view bent near base, then gradually curved to bent apex; in posterior view parallel sided on basal one-half, then gradually tapered to apex. Aculeate lobe at least three times height of segment 7 base. End tergite not visible. Cercus with 5 setae; ventral elongation subequal in length to width of cercus main body. Postgenital plate with 8 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. This species is known from Peru and Brazil, where it was collected in tropical moist forest at 140–700 m elevation (Fig. 178).</p><p>Discussion. This appears to be a lowland relative of E. sica sp. nov. or E. kopis sp. nov. Whether the single Brazilian specimen represents a separate species is not clear.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6697E8F78FF1BF90AFC9F833F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6697F8F7AFF1BF89AFC308007.text	038687B6697F8F7AFF1BF89AFC308007.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria ritavargasae Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria ritavargasae sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1C, 24, 45, 69, 90, 138, 154, 171, 176)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂, labeled “DHJPAR0021970”, “Voucher: D.H. Janzen &amp; W. Hallwachs / DB: http://janzen.sas.upen.edu/ Area de Conservacion Guanacaste,/ COSTA RICA./ 07 -SRNP- 3758”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / ritavargasae/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “LEGS AWAY/ FOR DNA [yellow label]”, “Janzen01”, “ Eucelatoria / Janzen11/ Vide/ Det ZL Burington 2015”, “ ♂ black/ scutellum [handwritten]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00004” (CNC).</p><p>Paratypes, 1 ♀ and 2 ♂♂. Brazil — Santa Catarina : 1 ♂, labeled “Nova Teutonia/ S.C.- BRAZIL / Dec. 1961 / F. Plaumann ”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / ritavargasae/ ZL Burington [yellow label]”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / ritavargasae/ ZL Burington [yellow label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00267” (DMW). Eucuador — Napo : 1 ♂, labeled “ ECUADOR: Prov. Napo / Narupa, 1186m / S 00°43′52.5″ W 077°46′25.3″/ REARED:/ ABR 2012 66666 [voucher YY66666]”, “Ecuador reared/ Eucelatoria sp. 8 / ZLBurington 2014”, “ Eucelatoria sp. 8 ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00215” [genitalia in vial under specimen] (JOSC) . 1 ♀, “ ECUADOR: Napo Prov. / Yanayacu Biological Station, S 00°35.9′ W 77°53.4, 2163m / REARED [in red]/ June 2005 / 4003”, “ Eucelatoria sp. 8 ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00214” [puparium and genitalia respectively on card and in vial under specimen] (JOSC; to be deposited in MECN) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is closest to E. hafelei sp. nov.; in both species the palpi are dark, the presutural thoracic vittae are fused into two, and the scutellum bears visible tomentum only at the extreme apex. Males of E. ritavargasae sp. nov. are distinguished from E. hafelei sp. nov. by the narrower, more diffuse dorsal abdominal bands, the more strongly dilated cercus apex in lateral view, the more widely separated basal lobes of the cercus, and the strongly angled, deeply emarginated postgonite.</p><p>Etymology. By recommendation of Dr. Daniel Janzen, this species “is named in recognition of Dr. Rita Vargas Castillo for her full support of the new collaborations between Costa Rica’s Area de Conservación Guanacaste and the Universidad de Costa Rica, and quite specifically, supporting ACG crustacean taxonomy and the ACG marine parataxonomists”.</p><p>Description. [Described from 1 ♀ and 3 ♂♂.] Length 6.0–7.0 mm (mean = 6.5 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, dorsal half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum dense yellow, appearing gold. Genal dilation, postgena, ventral half of post-ocular plate, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setae ash-gray, in female merging to yellow on upper half. Ocellar setae strong, two-thirds to subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital seta, stronger in female. Gena with 3–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta. Facial ridge with setulae on lower one-third to one-half. Postocellar setae one-half to two-thirds length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half to three-fourths length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta undifferentiated in male, one-half length of inner vertical seta in female. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 4–7, less in female, last frontal seta level with postpedicel base to arista base. Eye with short setulae, each setula no more than three facets in length. Eye height to head height ratio 0.85–0.87 (mean = 0.85). Postpedicel length 0.38–0.45 (mean = 0.42) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.49–0.59 (mean = 0.54) height of head. Parafacial width 0.06–0.10 (mean = 0.08) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.26–0.33 (mean = 0.32) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.0–3.7 (mean = 2.6) width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.24–0.26 (mean = 0.25) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus dark brown to black, cylindrical in male, greatly dilated and flattened at apex in female; with small, short setae dorsoapically, less in female; several stout setae apicoventrally; 3–4 long, thin setae mediolaterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3–1.4 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum gray, merging to yellow on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow to gray, usually at least yellow-tinged gray. Presutural inner and outer vitta fused into subquadrate vitta, thus with only two vittae on presutural area, at most with a small triangular area of tomentum dividing inner and outer vitta them near notopleural suture; the two vittae at least partially fused near anterior margin, rarely completely fused, leaving at most a small medial triangle of tomentum near notopleural suture. Postsutural vittae fused into large, black vittae covering nearly the entirety of the postsutural area, with at most a small area of tomentum near supra-alar setae and along posterior margin. Inner thoracic vittae. Scutellar dorsal tomentum diffuse, in dorsal view apparently confined to apical area between subapical scutellar setae. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3–4 dorsocentral setae. Fore tibia with 1–3 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline, at most lightly infuscated around costa and radial sector. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands gray to yellow-gray; one-fourth to onehalf length of T3–5, narrower in males. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray; in males one-fourth to one-half length of T3–5; in female covering three-fourths to entire length of T3–5. T4 with 1 pair of median marginal setae and 3 or more pairs of widely spaced lateral marginal setae.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 138, 154, 171). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth separated 0.7 width of basal notch; apical lobes 1.5 times length of basal plate. Postgonite right-angled on posterior margin, slightly dilated at base, then tapered to long digitiform apex; anterior emargination depth two times width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus paddle-shaped, length more than two and one-half times width; gradually curved on posterior and anterior margins; apex blunt; basal lobe subquadrate with distinct marginal notch. Cercus in lateral view dilated at base, narrowed to mid length, then dilated and slightly upturned as subquadrate apex; in caudal view curved from basal lobe, only slightly tapered to apex, subparallel along nearly entire length, apex blunt. Upper lobe subquadrate, nearly digitiform, with margins broadly rounded; 0.25 length of cercus. Median section 0.5 length of cercus. Apical cleft narrow, 0.25 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.4 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia. Piercer generally nearly to base of T4, in lateral view ribbon-like, sharply bent near base, then straight to slightly bent apex; in posterior view wide, parallel sided on basal third, then gradually tapered to apex. Aculeate lobe at least 2 times height of segment seven base. End tergite not visible. Cercus with 3–4 setae; ventral elongation length subequal to width of cercus main body. Postgenital plate with 10 setae.</p><p>Hosts. Two individuals (“Janzen11”) have been reared from an Olethreutes sp. (Tortricidae) feeding on Inga oerstediana Benth. (Fabaceae) in Costa Rica (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008). One individual has been reared from an unknown Tortricidae feeding on an unknown species of Euphorbiaceae, and another has been reared from an unknown “ Pyralidae ” on Croton L. sp. (Euphorbiaecae), both in Ecuador (Stireman et al. 2017).</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. Individuals of E. ritavargasae sp. nov. have been collected in tropical and subtropical moist forest at 500–1200 m elevation (Fig. 176).</p><p>Discussion. This species includes “ Eucelatoria Janzen 11” in the ACG caterpillar database (Janzen &amp; Hallwachs 2008). The characteristic confinement of dorsal scutellar tomentum to the extreme apex and two presutural thoracic vittae will separate both males and females from all known E. ferox group species except E. hafelei sp. nov. Generally, the widths of the abdominal bands are adequate to separate the two species in males; it is unknown if females are similar in this regard. The single male from Nova Teutonia is included here despite the wide geographic distance, pending more material. Genetic data suggest some population structure between Ecuadorian and Costa Rican individuals, but this is only from a few sequences (Fig. 1). The phylogenetic analysis strongly supports a close relationship between E. kopis sp. nov. and E. ritavargasae sp. nov. (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6697F8F7AFF1BF89AFC308007	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B6697D8F75FF1BFB82FD1B8313.text	038687B6697D8F75FF1BFB82FD1B8313.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria sica Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria sica sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 25, 70, 108, 123, 139, 155, 172, 178)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, labeled “ ECUADOR: Napo prov. / Yanayacu Biological Station / S 00°35.9′ W 77°53.4′ 2163m / 7-vi-06 J.O. Stireman III”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / sica/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “ Eucelatoria ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00391” (JOSC; to be deposited in MECN).</p><p>Paratypes, 5 ♀♀ and 1 ♂. Ecuador — Napo: 1 ♀, “ ECUADOR: Napo prov. / Yanayacu Biological Station / S 00°35.9′ W 77°53.4′ 2163m / 5-vi-06 J.O. Stireman III”, “ PARATYPE / Eucelatoria / sica/ ZL Burington [yellow label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00208” (JOSC; to be deposited in CNC) . 1 ♀, “ Ecuador: Napo Prov. / S 00°35.9′ W 77°53.4′ 2163m / REARED/ Mayo 2008 14546”, “ Eucelatoria sp. 5 ”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00212”, [puparium on card under specimen] (JOSC) . 1 ♂ and 2 ♀♀, as previous except date “ October 2005 ”, the rearing records “8749”, “8723”, and “8732”, the specimen identifiers “00213”[♂; genitalia in vial under specimen], “00211”[♀], “00209”[♀; terminalia in vial under specimen] [each with puparium on card under specimen] (JOSC) . 1 ♀, as previous except date “ Jun 2013 ”, rearing record “74951”, and specimen identifier “00210”, additionally labeled “Ecuador Reared/ Eucelatoria sp 5 a/ ZL Burington 2014” [puparium on card under specimen] (JOSC) .</p><p>Recognition. This species is most similar to E. kopis sp. nov. and E. makhaira sp. nov., as all have two presutural and one postsutural thoracic vittae, black palpi, and tomentum covering the apical third of the scutellum. It differs from E. makhaira sp. nov. in that the parafacial tomentum is yellow and the ocellar setae are strong, and differs from E. kopis sp. nov. in that the piercer is short and sharply curved and the palpus is greatly dilated and flattened in the female.</p><p>Etymology. For the curved European sword sica (from proto-Indo-European sek-, “to cut”), most notably used by the ancient Dacians, Thracians, and Illiryians.</p><p>Description. [Described from 6 ♀♀ and 1 ♂; head measurements from 3 ♀♀.] Length 3.8–7.3 mm (mean = 5.54 mm).</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, upper half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum yellow. Lower half of post-ocular plate, genal dilation, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setae gray. Ocellar setae strong, subequal to length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 3–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta. Facial ridge with setulae on less than lower one-third to one-half. Postocellar setae one-half length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half to three-fourths length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta undifferentiated in male, one-third to one-half length of inner vertical in female. Reclinate orbital setae 2–3. Frontal setae 6–10, last frontal seta level with base of postpedicel, or slightly beyond. Eye with short setulae, each setula no longer than 1–2 facets. Eye height to head height ratio 0.86–0.91 (mean = 0.88). Postpedicel length 0.38–0.41 (mean = 0.40) height of head. Facial ridge length 0.48–0.54 (mean = 0.50) height of head. Parafacial width 0.07–0.09 (mean = 0.08) lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.39–0.40 (mean = 0.40) length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.3–3.5 (mean = 2.9) width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.23–0.26 (mean = 0.24) width of head in dorsal view. Palpus black; subcylindrical in male, greatly dilated and flattened at apex in female; with short setae dorsoapically and longer setae laterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3–1.5 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray to yellow-gray, usually more yellow on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow to ash-gray. Presutural inner and outer vittae merged into single subquadrate vitta, such that there are only two presutural vittae; partially fused near anterior margin; posteromedially separated by small triangular area of tomentum one-half or less width presutural vitta; sometimes with thin, partial division of inner and outer vittae near notopleural suture. Postsutural vittae merged into single large vitta covering most of postsutural notum; with only a small area of tomentum adjacent to supra-alar and intra-alar seta rows and rectangular area of tomentum near notum posterior margin. Scutellar dorsal tomentum yellow to gray, confined to apical one-third. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 supra-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3, rarely 4, dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 3 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands yellow to gray, covering one-fourth to one-half area of T3–5; with wide median vitta. Ventral tomentum bands yellow to gray, covering one-third to onehalf area of T3–5. T4 with 5 pairs widely spaced marginal setae, the median and lateral marginal setae forming a continuous row.</p><p>Male terminalia (Figs 139, 155, 172). Sternite 5 basal plate with median teeth not visible; apical lobes 1.3 times length of basal plate. Postgonite broadly rounded on posterior margin; slightly dilated at base, narrowed to digitiform apex; posterior emargination deep, 1.3 times width of postgonite at mid length. Surstylus paddle-shaped, more than three times as long as wide; posterior and anterior margins subparallel, apex subquadrate; basal lobe with strong marginal notch. Cercus in lateral view slightly dilated at base, tapered to mid length, subparallel to blunt apex; in caudal view angled from base to middle section, then subparallel to blunt apex. Upper lobe subdigitiform, inner margin u-shaped; 0.21 length of cercus. Median section 0.56 length of cercus. Apical cleft slightly divergent, 0.22 length of cercus. Syncercus apex width in caudal view 0.47 width of syncercus base.</p><p>Female terminalia (Figs 108, 123). Piercer generally extending to base of T4, at most to base of T3, in lateral view sharply bent near base, then gradually curved to bent apex; in posterior view parallel sided on basal half, then gradually tapered to apex. Aculeate lobe 1.7 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite halves fused into single triangular plate, four times as long as wide, pointed posteriorly. Cercus with 6 setae; ventral elongation 2 times width of main cercus body in length. Postgenital plate with 10 setae.</p><p>Hosts. Four individuals have been reared from a Pyralidae species on Piper L. sp. ( Piperaceae) and one from Pyralidae (presumably a different species) feeding on Solanum hispidum Sw. (Solanaceae) (Stireman et al. 2017).</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. This species is known only from the type locality, where individuals were collected or reared in montane forest at 2160 m elevation (Fig. 178).</p><p>Discussion. The sickle-like shape of the E. sica sp. nov. piercer is unique among E. ferox group species. The piercer’s distinctiveness justifies describing these individuals separately from E. kopis sp. nov., despite a lack of confirmation from male genitalic characteristics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B6697D8F75FF1BFB82FD1B8313	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
038687B669728F74FF1BF89AFEE1833E.text	038687B669728F74FF1BF89AFEE1833E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucelatoria tenebrionis Burington 2022	<div><p>Eucelatoria tenebrionis sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 26, 46, 71, 91, 178)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀, labeled “ Nova Teutonia / S. C. - BRAZIL / April 1962 / F. Plaumann ”, “ HOLOTYPE / Eucelatoria / tenebrionis/ ZL Burington [red label]”, “ZLB_E.Ferox 00216” (DMW).</p><p>Paratype ♂, labeled “ Nova Teutonia / S. C. - BRAZIL / March 1960 / F. Plaumann ”, “ Paratype / Eucelatoria / tenebrionis/ ZL Burington [yellow label]”, ZLB_E.Ferox 00268” (DMW) .</p><p>Etymology. From the Latin tenebrio (“dark one”), for the overall dark appearance of this species.</p><p>Recognition. This species is distinctive among all E. ferox group species for the shining dark scutellum entirely devoid of tomentum. It is similar to E. hafelei sp. nov. and E. ritavargasae sp. nov. in that the scutellum is similarly dark, but in these there is a distinct apical patch of tomentum visible in dorsal view.</p><p>Description. [Described from 1 ♀ and 1 ♂.] Length 4.5–5.7 mm.</p><p>Head. Parafacial, fronto-orbital plate, vertex, upper half of post-ocular plate, and vibrissal angle tomentum yellow. Genal dilation, lower half of post-ocular plate, postgena, and occiput tomentum ash-gray. Pale occipital setae gray. Ocellar setae weak, one-half length of posterior reclinate orbital seta. Gena with 3–4 setae, subvibrissal ridge with 1 seta. Facial ridge with setulae on lower one-third to slightly more. Postocellar setae subequal to length of ocellar setae. Paravertical seta one-half to two-thirds length of postocellar setae. Outer vertical seta only slightly differentiated from post-ocular row in both male and female, at most one-third length of inner vertical seta. Reclinate orbital setae 3. Frontal setae 4–8, less in female, last frontal seta level with postpedicel base. Eye with sparse setulae, each setula no longer than 1–2 facets. Eye height to head height ratio 0.85–0.90. Postpedicel length 0.43–0.44 height of head. Facial ridge length 0.50–0.52 height of head. Parafacial width 0.07–0.11 lateral length of head. Pedicel 0.25–0.32 length of postpedicel. Postpedicel 2.0–4.0 times width of parafacial in lateral view. Vertex 0.25 width of head in dorsal view. Palpus brown, subcylindrical in male, slightly dilated and flattened at apex in female; with sparse minute setae dorsoapically, long stout setae apicolaterally, and long thin setae mediolaterally.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsomedial length 1.3 times width of thorax. Lateral tomentum ash-gray, merging to dirty yellow-gray on anepisternum. Dorsal tomentum yellow-gray. Presutural inner and outer vittae merged into a pair of subquadrate vittae, such that there are only two presutural vittae; partially fused near anterior margin; posteromedially separated by small triangular area of tomentum one-half or less width of presutural vitta; sometimes with small, partial division of inner and outer vittae near notopleural suture. Postsutural vittae merged into single large vitta covering most of postsutural notum; with only a small area of tomentum adjacent to supra-alar and intra-alar seta rows and rectangular area of tomentum near notum posterior margin. Scutellum dorsum apparently devoid of tomentum, at most with light diffuse gray tomentum visible along apical margin under magnification. Postpronotum with 3 setae. Presutural area with 2 surpa-alar setae. Postsutural area with 3 dorsocentral setae. Scutellum with 1 pair discal setae. Fore tibia with 2–3 posterodorsal setae. Wing hyaline. Calypters tan to cream colored.</p><p>Abdomen. Cuticle and setulae entirely black. Dorsal tomentum bands gray, thin, covering less than one-fourth to at most one-third area of T3–5, usually less than one-fourth. Ventral tomentum bands ash-gray to yellow-gray, covering one-third to one half area of T3–5. T4 with 5 or more pairs of marginal setae, the lateral and medial marginal setae forming a continuous, widely spaced row.</p><p>Male terminalia. Unknown [undissected as the paratype is the only known male].</p><p>Female terminalia (Fig. 71). Piercer extending nearly to base of T1+2, in lateral view bent near base, then gradually curved to bent apex; in posterior view parallel sided on basal half, then gradually tapered to apex. Aculeate lobe at least 3.5 times height of segment 7 base. End tergite not visible. Cercus with 5 setae; ventral elongation not visible. Postgenital plate with 10 setae.</p><p>Host(s). Unknown.</p><p>Geographic extent and seasonal occurrence. This species is known only from the coastal forests of southeastern Brazil at Nova Teutonia, where it was collected in March and April (Fig. 178).</p><p>Discussion. The overall dark dorsal appearance and tiny size of this species is distinctive. No other E. ferox group species with two presutural thoracic vittae have an entirely dark scutellum. The similar E. hafelei sp. nov. and E. ritavargasae sp. nov. have a distinct apicomarginal fuzz of tomentum on the scutellum and thick dorsal abdominal bands.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038687B669728F74FF1BF89AFEE1833E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Burington, Zelia L.	Burington, Zelia L. (2022): A taxonomic revision of the Eucelatoria ferox species group (Diptera: Tachinidae). Zootaxa 5143 (1): 1-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5143.1.1, URL: http://zoobank.org/f71553b2-7d58-4e61-a883-546b2a0124d5
