identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F87725FFAE890C5CA9FC4595D8F979.text	03F87725FFAE890C5CA9FC4595D8F979.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Verruca alabamensis Perreault & Buckeridge 2019	<div><p>Verruca alabamensis Perreault &amp; Buckeridge, sp. nov.</p><p>Pl. 2, figs a–q</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FD071DD7-1907-416A-81ED-6C5F4AAC8273</p><p>Diagnosis. All plates non-punctate; wall plates with ribbing prominent near plate margins, crossed with fine growth lines; rostral-carinal articulation with five ridges; movable scutum with one distinct articular rib; first and second articular ridges of movable tergum indistinct, about equal width; fixed scutal radio-alar wing extending one-third basal width of fixed scutum.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. LSUMG I-10727, a movable scutum (pl. 2, figs o, p).</p><p>Paratypes. Figured paratypes: LSUMG I-10723, a fixed scutum (pl. 2, figs a,b); LSUMG I-10724, a fixed tergum (pl. 2, figs c, d); LSUMG I-10725, a rostrum (pl. 2, figs i, j); LSUMG I-10726, a carina (pl. 2, figs k, l); LSUMG I-10728, a movable tergum (pl. 2, fig g, h); LSUMG I-10729, an articulated carina-rostrum pair (pl. 2, figs m, n); LSUMG I-10730, a juvenile movable scutum (pl. 2, figs e, f) .</p><p>Type locality. LSUMG locality IL 1974K (= HVH locality 319-6).</p><p>Stratigraphic range. Late Eocene (Priabonian).</p><p>Distribution. Alabama, USA.</p><p>Additional material. 8 carinae, 10 rostra, 4 fixed scuta, 4 fixed terga. 2 movable scuta, 2 movable terga (LSUMG IL 1974K); 1 carina, 1 rostrum, 1 fixed scutum (Shubuta Member, UF locality ZA039) (Cat. No. UF- 70252).</p><p>Description. Shell ovate, elongated carino-rostrally with D-shaped orifice; all plates without ribbing or punctae, with fine growth lines; some wall plates provided with thickened base and calcareous internal rim, clearly shown in plate 2, fig. m.</p><p>Carina strongly asymmetrical, with tilt toward fixed tergal side; fixed tergal margin with three articular ribs, distinct, with lowermost very small; rostral margin with five articular ribs, evenly lengthening apically; interior provided with dependent sheath widest at apex.</p><p>Rostrum strongly asymmetrical, with three articular ribs on fixed scutal margin, five ribs on carinal margin; ornamented by fine growth lines only; interior provided with narrow sheath, dependent, with furrow to receive free opercular plates.</p><p>Fixed scutum convex, smooth, wider than high, with narrow, crescentic radio-alar wing extending about onethird its own distance from rostral margin, ornamented with fine, transverse growth lines only; rostral articulation with two articulating ribs; fixed tergal margin convex with node one third to base, with two ribs below; interior with bordering ridge on fixed tergal margin; straight broad articular ridge extending almost to apex with one rib, tilting basally; myophore absent.</p><p>Fixed tergum convex, smooth, higher than wide, flared basally, ornamented by fine growth lines only; fixed scutal margin straight or slightly convex, with wide internal border ridge; protruding ala short, curved with small indentation at base; carinal margin with two coarse, vague articular ribs and prominent upward curving ala slightly protruding from carinal margin and prominent indentation below; interior strongly concave, apical shelf dependent, strongly sloping basally.</p><p>Movable scutum slightly bowed, plate moderately curved tergally; exterior ornamented by regularly spaced incised growth lines, each forming very low tooth on highly convex occludent margin; tergal margin strongly concave, less curved than occludent margin; margin provided with low, rounded border ridge, fading basally; one prominent, wide articular ridge extending three-quarters to basal margin; ridge protruding from tergal margin and separated from plate by shallow, distinct furrow with incised borders; basal margin very slightly convex, basi-tergal angle nearly 90˚, basi-occludent angle broadly rounded. Interior smooth, all margins provided with low, rounded ridge; adductor scar large, sub-rounded, vaguely defined, placed close to occludent margin well apically of center; apex with prominent overfold for articulation with movable tergum, marked by distinct bordering ridge.</p><p>Movable tergum flat, rhomboidal, with wide, prominent apico-basal ridge; ridge raised, demarked by incised edges, slightly overhanging, protruding slightly more than its own width from basiscutal angle, merging into plate near apex; basal margin nearly straight, carinal margin gently convex, meeting at nearly right angle; basi-scutal angle acute, scutal margin undulating; carinal portion triangular, with prominent growth ridges at nearly right angles to carinal margin basally, sloping basally in apical half; growth ridges converging slightly towards apico-basal ridge; two articular ridges, vague, coarse; interior featureless.</p><p>Discussion. The lack of punctae and ribbing differentiates this species from Verruca gailgoedertae sp. nov. and V. sorrellae sp. nov.</p><p>Verruca alabamensis sp. nov. may be distinguished from other known North American Paleogene Verrucidae by its inturned calcareous rim on some plates. This feature does not seem to be related to size or ontogeny. All of these in-turned rims, and most basal margins, show a preferred attachment to ribbed substrates. Most likely, plicatulid bivalves are candidates, by the shape of the ribbing.</p><p>Verruca alabamensis sp. nov. is uncommon, and must have occurred under restricted environmental conditions. Both known localities are characterized by abundant branching bryozoans, crinoids, gorgonian axes and brachiopods (dominantly Terebratulina lachryma). In both localities, aragonitic remains are completely leached, and phosphate is present. At the type locality, phosphate occurs as internal molds of molluscs and solitary corals. Corals may be identified to genus on the basis of these internal molds. At the Shubuta locality, phosphate occurs additionally as small nodules. These nodules are sometimes encrusted with bryozoan colonies, indicating nodule formation was contemporaneous with deposition.</p><p>Boring traces are common at the type locality. Several wall plates show naticoid drill holes, some fully penetrating the shell. The holotype scutum features a minute, spearhead-shaped boring of unknown origin (Pl. 2, fig. q).</p><p>Etymology. Named after the state of Alabama.</p><p>Type Repositories. Holotype LSUMG I-10727, paratypes LSUMG I-10723-10726, 10728-10730; topotypes LSUMG I-10731-10737. All held by Collection of Fossil Protists and Invertebrates, Louisiana State University, Museum of Natural History, Baton Rouge, LA.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F87725FFAE890C5CA9FC4595D8F979	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Perreault, Ray T.;Buckeridge, John S.	Perreault, Ray T., Buckeridge, John S. (2019): Paleogene Verrucidae (Cirripedia: Verrucomorpha) of North America, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4712 (1): 34-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.2
03F87725FFAC89025CA9FAAB9359FC61.text	03F87725FFAC89025CA9FAAB9359FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Verruca gailgoedertae Perreault & Buckeridge 2019	<div><p>Verruca gailgoedertae Perreault &amp; Buckeridge sp. nov.</p><p>(Plate 1, figs a–l)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D313492D-00E1-4A32-B048-4E7327A3224A</p><p>Diagnosis. Shell with moderately rugose, irregular external ribbing crossed by fine growth lines; all plates perforated by fine punctae; first and second articulating ribs on movable tergum similar in width; rostrum and carina articulating with up to five ribs; fixed scutal radio-alar wing extending out a distance equal to basal width of fixed scutum.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. LACMIP 14759, a movable tergum (pl. 1, figs g, h).</p><p>Paratypes. NMV P332716, a carina (pl. 1, figs a, b); NMV P332717, a fixed tergum (pl. 1, figs i, j); NMV P332718, a fixed scutum (pl. 1, figs e, f); NMV P332719, a rostrum (pl. 1, figs c, d) .</p><p>Type locality. LACMIP locality 16851.</p><p>Stratigraphic range. Basal middle Eocene (Lutetian).</p><p>Distribution. Crescent/McIntosh transitional zone, Doty Hills, Washington, USA.</p><p>Additional material. 25 loose plates, including carinae, rostra, movable and fixed terga, fixed scuta; most plates are incomplete.</p><p>Description. Wall plates with exterior having moderately rugose longitudinal ribbing crossed by irregular, fine growth lines; all plates perforated by fine punctae. Carina highly asymmetrical, with strong tilt to fixed side; fixed tergal margin with two to three articular ribs, very short, indistinct; rostral margin with four to five articular ribs, top two long, lower very short, smooth; interior with prominent dependent sheath widest at apex of plate.</p><p>Rostrum rounded, fixed scutal margin with two very short, indistinct articular ribs; carinal margin with four ribs, long; ornamented by growth ridges and vague radial ridges; interior with very short sheath, dependent full length; interior otherwise featureless.</p><p>Fixed scutum convex, elongated horizontally; fixed tergal margin convex, without ribs; articular wing very long, triangular, separated from plate by wide sulcus, sharply edged on plate; upper margin of wing slightly concave; up to three articular ribs below wing; ornamented by regularly spaced growth lines on wing only, and by low radial ribs, especially on basal portions of plate; interior concave, with bordering ridge on wing; adductor plate high, erect, apical part highest, flat, with two ridges extending from corners to apex of plate; myophore absent.</p><p>Fixed tergum higher than wide, slightly bowed, plate flared slightly basally; fixed scutal margin flat, ala nonprotuberant, with indentation below; carinal margin with protruding ala extending from umbo, with indentation separating ala from four vague articular ribs below; apical margin slightly concave, umbo removed from apex; exterior ornamented by low, fine radial ridges, especially basally; interior very concave, apical shelf nearly horizontal, wide, dependent.</p><p>Movable scutum slightly convex, moderately curved tergally; apico-basal ridge very narrow, protruding; first articular rib extending to level of basi-occludent angle, nearly as wide as fixed scutal section; second articular rib centrally placed, protruding by its own width, sharply pointed; occludent margin strongly and smoothly convex; ornamented by regularly spaced, fine growth lines; interior with two small teeth present on movable tergal margin; movable tergal margin with internal growth lines.</p><p>Movable tergum slightly wider than high, flat to slightly bowed; apico-basal ridge curved slightly toward carinal margin, flat, with slightly overhanging margins, merging into plate near apex, growth lines straight, perpendicular to carinal margin; carinal portion triangular, fixed tergal margin convex, ornamented by fine regularly spaced growth lines and two to three faint radial incised lines; first articular ridge short, nearly width of second, with smooth area between ridge and second articular ridge; movable scutal margin indented at point of contact with smooth area; interior concave, with thickened occludent surfaces, bearing faint growth ridges, and shallow furrow coinciding with apico-basal ridge in lower half of plate.</p><p>Discussion. Verruca gailgoedertae sp. nov. may be distinguished from most other congeners by its strong rugose ribbing. The presence of punctae presently distinguishes it from V. alabamensis sp. nov., V. sauria and V. punica Buckeridge &amp; Jagt, 2008 . It can be distinguished from V. sorrellae sp. nov. by its movable tergum, which has equal width first and second ribs: the shell would have been more depressed than V. rocana and V. digitali, and is more circular in outline than V. punica . Although similar in size to V. tasmanica and V. nuciformis Buckeridge, 1983, it has more than twice the number of interlocking ribs between the carina and rostrum.</p><p>On the basis of its lack of abrasion, this species is interpreted as having lived in quieter sublittoral environments. The type locality is interpreted as bathyal with introductions from shallower waters (Squires &amp; Goedert, 1995) up to intertidal, and is thus a thanatocoenosis. The other two localities are interpreted as shallow shelf environments less disturbed than the type locality.</p><p>Etymology. Named in honor of the late Gail Goedert, wife of James Goedert, who together discovered this and many other fossil localities, and aided Washington paleontology immensely.</p><p>Type Repositories. Holotype LACMIP 14759 held by the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, CA; paratypes NMV P332716-9 held by Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F87725FFAC89025CA9FAAB9359FC61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Perreault, Ray T.;Buckeridge, John S.	Perreault, Ray T., Buckeridge, John S. (2019): Paleogene Verrucidae (Cirripedia: Verrucomorpha) of North America, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4712 (1): 34-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.2
03F87725FFAC89005CA9FF0A9459FB11.text	03F87725FFAC89005CA9FF0A9459FB11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Verruca rocana Steinmann in Wilkins 1921	<div><p>Verruca rocana Steinmann, 1921</p><p>Verruca rocana Steinmann in Wilkins, 1921: 4, pl. 2, fig. 1, pl. 3, fig. 7.– Withers, 1935: 347, pl. 45, fig. 16–17.– Zullo &amp; Baum, 1979: 238, pl. 2, fig. 1–5.– Weisbord, 1980: 183.</p><p>Diagnosis. A Verruca with the shell depressed, closely ribbed longitudinally, the ribs standing out at the periphery, and as many as five, flat, wide, articulating ribs on rostrum. Movable scutum with lower articular rib varying in width, often very narrow, but apparently wider than the upper articular ridge. Movable tergum with apico-basal ridge narrower than the second articular ridge; first articular ridge very narrow (Withers, 1935: 347).</p><p>Stratigraphic range. Palaeocene (Danian-Thanetian).</p><p>Distribution. Patagonia, Argentina (Danian); Beaufort Formation, (Thanetian), Mosely Creek at Lenoir County line, near Kinston, North Carolina, USA.</p><p>Holotype. A group of shells on Ostrea, in the Geological Institute of Freiburg, catalog number unavailable (Withers, 1935). The collections are now with the University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany. However, a recent inquiry indicates that the types may be lost.</p><p>Type locality. Roca Formation, (Danian), Río Negro, Argentina. (Weisbord, 1980).</p><p>Discussion. All presently known specimens of this species have the movable scutum and tergum cemented tightly in place. It is, therefore, impossible to examine internal details necessary for specific determination and comparison. The large temporal and geographic separation of the North Carolina specimens from the Patagonian type lot caused some concern to Zullo &amp; Baum (1979), but morphological comparison of the two lots revealed no noticeable differences. Internal details of both lots shall be necessary to identify them precisely. This question shall be dealt with in a later paper.</p><p>More recently, Brezina et al. (2017) restudied the area stratigraphy, identified the K-T boundary and reported occurrence of acrothoracican and Verruca remains. They verified the occurrence of Verruca rocana only in Danian deposits. They also reported V. rocana as having a partial calcareous basis, which was frequently left behind as the barnacles detached.</p><p>The Late Cretaceous and Danian species Verruca prisca (Bosquet, 1854), from Europe, has a shell lacking longitudinal ribs. Gale (2014) reassigned this species to his new genus Priscoverruca. Verruca pusilla Bosquet, 1857 (late Maastrichtian, the Netherlands and Belgium) is similar, but has narrower, more rounded and numerous (up to 7) articular ribs between the carina and the rostrum, and by having broad, flat-topped longitudinal ribs (Zullo &amp; Baum, 1979). No other Cretaceous or Paleocene species are known from North America.</p><p>Type Repository. Hypotypes USNM 252260-252262.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F87725FFAC89005CA9FF0A9459FB11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Perreault, Ray T.;Buckeridge, John S.	Perreault, Ray T., Buckeridge, John S. (2019): Paleogene Verrucidae (Cirripedia: Verrucomorpha) of North America, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4712 (1): 34-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.2
03F87725FFA3890F5CA9FDB59330FAD1.text	03F87725FFA3890F5CA9FDB59330FAD1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Verruca Schumacher 1817	<div><p>Verruca sp.</p><p>Material. A movable tergum, a fixed tergum, a?carina (incomplete), fragments of other plates.</p><p>Locality and stratigraphic age. Lower Eocene, Crescent Formation, LACMIP locality 16655.</p><p>Description. All plates with and exterior ornamented by low, fine radial ridges, permeated by a single row of pores; movable tergum damaged, but quadrangular, with single and very narrow apico-basal rib and raised (incomplete) portion equating to a secondary rib close to movable scutum margin; height of fixed tergum equal to width, apex damaged, but probably close to movable tergum margin; radio-alar extensions incomplete, base of extension on carinal side suggesting a moderate size; carinal side with single, well-developed articulating rib; interior with deep apical depression occupying upper half of plate.</p><p>Measurements. Movable tergum height c.1.00mm (incomplete); fixed tergum width c. 0.5mm, height 0.45mm.</p><p>Discussion: This material is too incomplete to warrant a formal designation. The plates are very small and the fixed tergum may be from a juvenile. They also appear to have been altered diagenetically – the pores that permeate the shell are infilled with a mineral (possibly pyrite); the shell in some fragments is more iridescent than usual in a verrucid, sometimes with microcrystalline calcite attached. It differs from all other fossil Verruca by having a very narrow apico-basal rib on the movable tergum; a second rib, close to the movable scutum margin is incomplete. However, the narrow apico-basal rib may be either a deformity, or simply reflecting early ontogeny. Apart from the noted oddities of the movable tergum, these plates are unremarkable, and not unlike material from the southwest of the United States.</p><p>Nonetheless, this is an important find – it is certainly the oldest verrucid from the West Coast USA. It is hoped that further collecting will enable a full description of this taxon.</p><p>Repository: Held by the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, CA.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F87725FFA3890F5CA9FDB59330FAD1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Perreault, Ray T.;Buckeridge, John S.	Perreault, Ray T., Buckeridge, John S. (2019): Paleogene Verrucidae (Cirripedia: Verrucomorpha) of North America, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4712 (1): 34-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.2
03F87725FFAB89075CA9FD01943FF842.text	03F87725FFAB89075CA9FD01943FF842.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Verruca Schumacher 1817	<div><p>Genus Verruca Schumacher, 1817</p><p>Verruca Schumacher, 1817: 35 .– Darwin, 1854: 496.– Zevina, 1987b: 1812.– Newman &amp; Hessler, 1989: 268.– Buckeridge, 1994: 90.– 1997: 128.</p><p>Verruca “Section B” Pilsbry, 1916: 23.</p><p>Verruca (Verruca) .– Newman, Zullo &amp; Withers, 1969: R281.– Foster, 1978: 68.</p><p>Euverruca Broch, 1924: 63.</p><p>Type. Lepas stroemia Müller, 1776: 251, OD.</p><p>Diagnosis. Verrucids with shell form depressed; apices of rostrum and carina marginal; operculum parallel to base (Buckeridge, 1997: 128).</p><p>Discussion. Verruca, as presently defined (Buckeridge, 1997), is a convenience group comprising those verrucids with the operculum nearly parallel to the base, and marginal apices on the rostrum and the carina. Former subgenera of Verruca sensu lato were elevated to full generic rank by Zevina (1987a, b). This classification has been accepted by later workers. Young (1998) named three more genera based on shell characters. Species of this genus, as presently restricted, fall into several lineages, which eventually may be separated into other genera (Buckeridge, 1997). The lineage that includes depressed shells, such as Verruca stroemia (typical Verruca), extends from the Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian; Gale, 2014) through the Recent, and comprises predominantly littoral species. The earliest records of this lineage occur in the Cretaceous of Western Australia with V. tasmanica tasmanica Buckeridge, 1983 and now includes the taxa described in this paper. All of the species in this lineage have a fixed scutum with a well-formed adductor plate. In some species, such as Verruca stroemia, Verruca jago Buckeridge, 1997 and Verruca reunioni Foster &amp; Buckeridge, 1995, this plate extends to produce a rounded myophore. However, although all of the new species described herein possess a clear adductor plate, none have a definitive myophore.</p><p>Buckeridge (1997: 130) noted that fine, regularly spaced punctae extending from the exterior through the wall plates and opercula to the interior surface also characterize some members of this lineage. In extant species, such as Verruca stroemia, Verruca laevigata G.B. Sowerby, 1827 and Verruca jago, these punctae contain chitin, and Buckeridge (1997) considered it likely that this would have mitigated shell loss. In shallow, aerated coastal waters, where localized conditions could approach a pH of less than 7, this would have been advantageous in helping to preserve shell integrity. Punctae have also been observed in some fossil verrucids, e.g. Verruca tasmanica, Verruca digitali Buckeridge in Buckeridge &amp; Finger, 2001 (Miocene, California) and Verruca viteus Buckeridge, in Buckeridge, Lee &amp; Robinson, 2014 (Oligocene, New Zealand). Although they have not been recorded from Verruca alabamensis sp. nov. (this paper), V. rocana Steinmann, 1921 (Palaeocene, Argentina) and Verruca sauria Buckeridge, 2011 (Late Cretaceous, New Zealand), their apparent absence may be due to diagenetic processes in some cases. They are apparently absent in V. alabamensis sp. nov., and as the specimens are well preserved, punctae probably did not develop in this taxon. Nonetheless, the presence of punctae is a useful diagnostic feature for members of this lineage.</p><p>Occurrence. Upper Cretaceous to Recent, cosmopolitan. Most known fossil species are shallow water. Living species may be found from the intertidal zone to 620 m depth.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F87725FFAB89075CA9FD01943FF842	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Perreault, Ray T.;Buckeridge, John S.	Perreault, Ray T., Buckeridge, John S. (2019): Paleogene Verrucidae (Cirripedia: Verrucomorpha) of North America, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4712 (1): 34-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.2
03F87725FFA0890F5CA9F97D9308FE31.text	03F87725FFA0890F5CA9F97D9308FE31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Verruca sorrellae Perreault & Buckeridge 2019	<div><p>Verruca sorrellae Perreault &amp; Buckeridge, sp. nov ..</p><p>Pl. 3, figs a–q</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3C3CEFE3-916E-4DC7-8D84-B8E34D9A53FA</p><p>“new species of Verruca ” Zullo &amp; Newman, 1964: 355.</p><p>Diagnosis. Shell with low, irregular ribbing crossed by fine growth lines; all plates perforated by fine punctae; second articulating rib on movable tergum almost twice width of first; rostrum and carina articulating with up to six ribs; movable scutum with second articular rib bilobed; fixed scutal radio-alar wing extending out at distance of up to 1.5x basal width of fixed scutum.</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype. LACMIP 14760, a movable tergum (pl. 3, fig e, f).</p><p>Paratypes. NMV P332711, a movable scutum (pl. 3, fig. a, b); NMV P332712, a movable scutum (pl. 3, figs c, d); NMV P332713, fixed tergum (pl. 3, figs l, m); NMV P332714, a fixed scutum (pl. 3, figs n, o); NMV P332715, a rostrum (pl. 3, figs h, i) .</p><p>Type locality. LACMIP locality 16935, Porter Creek.</p><p>Stratigraphic range. Upper Eocene (Priabonian), (Global Cycle TA 4.3 transgressive tract) to?lower Oligocene.</p><p>Distribution. Basal Lincoln Creek Formation, LACMIP localities 16934 (Oakville) and 16935 (Porter Creek), Grays Harbor County, Washington. Abundant in the Gries Ranch Formation; verrucid plates from the Gries Ranch locality were first mentioned by Zullo &amp; Newman (1964: 355). The fauna from the Gries Ranch Formation (Effinger, 1938) represents an inner shelf environment laterally equivalent to the two Lincoln Creek Formation intertidal sites.</p><p>Material. In addition to the types (above), LACMIP 16935 included four fixed scuta, four fixed terga, one movable scutum, one movable tergum, one carina, three rostra and seven indeterminate plates. LACMIP 16935 included more than 50 loose plates.</p><p>Description. Wall plates moderately thick, with weak, irregular ribbing crossed by distinct growth lines; all plates perforated by fine punctae. Carina asymmetrical with sharply pointed apex, rostral radio-alar area about one half length of basal margin with up to six articular ribs; tergal radio-alar area about one fourth length of basal margin with up to three narrow articular ribs; sheath well developed, high, dependent, with shallow furrow curved toward fixed side; ornamented by fine horizontal growth lines, interior otherwise featureless.</p><p>Rostrum gently curved, carinal margin with up to six articular ribs, highest two separated from rest by larger, deeper articular furrow; fixed scutal margin with one or two coarse articular ribs; interior smooth with sheath highly recurved, dependent only on carinal margin, coincident with first articular rib.</p><p>Fixed scutum with triangular radio-alar wing, twice as long as high, extending beyond plate by up to 1.5 x basal margin of plate, with two narrow articular ridges below; wing more than twice as long as high; movable scutal margin slightly concave; fixed tergal margin straight to slightly concave, with incised scalloped area along margin exterior; exterior ornamented by closely spaced growth ridges on articular ridges, widely spaced on plate, sometimes alternating with irregular rows of very small pits; sharply pointed apex slightly removed from plate; adductor plate prominent, erect, with a myophore.</p><p>Fixed tergum narrow, strongly convex, apex removed from movable tergal margin, radio-alar extensions well developed, blunt, carinal radio-alae usually longer than fixed scutal; carinal margin with one well-developed articular rib below ala, fixed scutal margin slightly convex or sinuous, with a weakly developed ridge below radio-ala, in subapical groove to receive fixed scutum; interior strongly concave, occludent plate wide, with deep apical cavity one third to one half height of plate, with low raised margin at apex.</p><p>Scutum narrow, length slightly greater than twice width, flat; occludent margin convex, apex pointed, basi-occludent angle acute, sharp; basal margin angled at shallow furrow paralleling apico-basal rib; apico-basal rib sharp, slightly elevated, close to movable tergal margin; second articular rib slightly wider than first, may bifurcate in larger plates; exterior with regularly spaced growth ridges; interior slightly concave, occludent margin broadening towards apex, with low narrow bordering ridge; no longitudinal ridge; adductor scar not visible.</p><p>Movable tergum subrhomboidal, height and width nearly equal; apico-basal ridge flat, sides overhanging, slightly curved toward movable scutal margin, as wide as or slightly narrower than second articular ridge, protruding below carinal margin; carinal portion bowed, with vague sulcus parallel to apico-basal ridge, marked by slight downturn in growth lines; fixed tergal margin smoothly convex, fixed scutal margin straight to slightly convex, carinal margin straight; fixed tergal/fixed scutal angle slightly less than 90˚; first articular ridge twice width of sec- ond, with deep articular furrow between, extending beyond second articular ridge nearly as far as apico-basal ridge; second articular ridge with shallow sulcus in lower part, with corresponding indentation in movable scutal margin; exterior ornamented by prominent, fine, regularly spaced growth lines, without intercalating rows of pits; interior smooth, all articular surfaces wide, with fine longitudinal ridges.</p><p>Discussion. Verruca sorrellae sp. nov. is closest in appearance to V. tasmanica chatheca Buckeridge, 1983, differing in the movable scutum and in proportions of the movable tergum and fixed scutum. The movable scutum of V. sorrellae sp. nov. is narrower than that of V. tasmanica chatheca, the occludent margin is straighter with a sharp basioccludent angle and the basal margin is angled. In addition, the second articular rib is wider and better developed than that of V. tasmanica chatheca . The movable tergum most closely resembles that of V. tasmanica chatheca in the apico-basal ridge and characters of the carinal section. However, V. tasmanica chatheca possesses a second articular ridge twice the width of the apico-basal ridge, with a narrow first articular ridge. Verruca sorrellae sp. nov. possesses a second articular ridge of variable width, but usually much less than twice the width of the apico-basal ridge. Further, the second articular ridge possesses a nearly median sulcus and corresponding indentation in the movable scutal margin, features absent in V. tasmanica tasmanica or V. tasmanica chatheca . This rib corresponds with bifurcating second articular ribs of the movable scutum. The fixed scutum is closer to V. tasmanica chatheca in the form of the adductor late. The fixed scutal/fixed tergal articulation of V. sorrellae sp. nov. is more derived than the earlier species in having the weak rib in the articular furrow of the fixed tergum, and in the incised scalloped area on the fixed scutum. This rib is best seen from the interior of the plate. The articulation of both of the V. tasmanica subspecies is unelaborated.</p><p>Verruca sorrellae sp. nov. differs from V. cookei Pilsbry, 1927, in its fixed scutal adductor ridge, which is near the apex, instead of basally. The beaded ornament characteristic of V. cookei is less developed in V. sorrellae sp. nov. Verruca alaskana Pilsbry, 1943 is poorly known, the movable opercula being absent, but the rostrum is narrower than the carina, with up to 7 articular ribs, as opposed to 5–6 in V. sorrellae sp. nov. The rostrum and carina of the latter are more similar. Verruca sorrellae sp. nov. may be ancestral to both other species, and possibly the extant V. stroemia and V. laevigata .</p><p>This species is a representative of a mostly shallow-water lineage beginning in the Late Cretaceous of Western Australia. The only living representatives in shallow waters of the Pacific Basin are Verruca cookei of Hawaii, and V. laevigata (Patagonia to Peru). Verruca laevigata differs primarily in having a movable tergum that is wider than high, continuing a trend begun with V. tasmanica tasmanica .</p><p>Etymology. Named in honor of Sorrelle Benson, daughter of Jeremy Benson, owner of the type locality.</p><p>Type repositories. Holotype LACMIP 14760 held by the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, CA; illustrated paratypes NMV P332711-15 held by Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F87725FFA0890F5CA9F97D9308FE31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Perreault, Ray T.;Buckeridge, John S.	Perreault, Ray T., Buckeridge, John S. (2019): Paleogene Verrucidae (Cirripedia: Verrucomorpha) of North America, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 4712 (1): 34-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4712.1.2
