taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F8CF77BD33FFB9FC8AFF3EFAF3FD60.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Distitarsus of leg I with 3 articles (with secondary regressions to 2 articles in some species). Tarsal aggregate pores widespread (uninvestigated in many species). A distinct setigerous plate recognizable (except in Stygnopsidae) either as a set malleus + lamina parva or as a ventral plate. Glans as a haematodocha free on apical truncus (except on Stygnopsidae). Pattern A – E of macrosetae recognizable on penis. MS C forming a longitudinal row on latero-distal region of penis (except in Stygnidae). Subtaxa included: Agoristenidae, Cryptogeobiidae, Gerdesiidae, Laminata, Stygnopsidae, Stygnidae.	en	Kury, Adriano B., M., Osvaldo Villarreal (2015): The prickly blade mapped: establishing homologies and a chaetotaxy for macrosetae of penis ventral plate in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 174 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12225, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12225
03F8CF77BD33FFBBFC09FD2CFD83F892.taxon	etymology	Etymology: Genus name is derived from Jabba the Hutt, a character from Star Wars, complemented by the preexisting genus Stygnus Perty, 1833. This refers to the shape of male genitalia which resembles the grotesque face of this character. Gender masculine. Type species: Jabbastygnus huttorum sp. nov. Diagnosis: The new genus is here primarily compared with three other genera of Stygninae (see Discussion for details). Dorsal scutum outline alpha, but with posterior margin widened (like Ricstygnus, unlike Auranus, rectangular or Stygnus, pyriform or convex without constrictions); interocular mound high, with two short spines in longitudinal row (unlike Ricstygnus, high, with one high spine; Stygnus, only the spine without mound; Auranus, without interocular mound, but with the whole carapace strongly convex); mesotergum divided into 4 areas (as in Ricstygnus, unlike Auranus / Stygnus with 3 areas); scutal area III unarmed (as in Ricstygnus, unlike Auranus / Stygnus, with a pair of high acuminate spines); basitarsomeres IV thickened (unlike Auranus, Ricstygnus, Stygnus); VP separated from truncus by a deeply multi-wrinkled toroidal region (as in Auranus hehu; unlike Ricstygnus / Stygnus); complex truncus-glans co-linear (as in all other Stygninae, except Auranus, where VP arises after an abrupt change in the direction of truncus); lamina parva strongly thickened dorso-ventrally (as in Auranus, Ricstygnus, Stygnus); lamina parva with a flat, rounded, subquadrangular platform + a pair of erect middorsal lobes (as in Auranus hehu and A. parvus, unlike any other Stygninae); MS A 1 – A 3 forming slanted row widely separated from B, which is ventrally inserted (as in Auranus; unlike Ricstygnus / Stygnus, with A 1 – A 2 transverse, contiguous with B); MS C 1 – C 3, slender, in transverse sub-distal row (as in Auranus; unlike most other Stygninae shaped like immense buffalo-horns in longitudinal row); MS E 1 – E 2 elongate, closely set (unlike Ricstygnus / Stygnus, with minuscule E 1 – E 2 inserted close to each other; unlike Auranus, with E 1 widely separated from E 2, both elongate).	en	Kury, Adriano B., M., Osvaldo Villarreal (2015): The prickly blade mapped: establishing homologies and a chaetotaxy for macrosetae of penis ventral plate in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 174 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12225, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12225
03F8CF77BD31FF85FC47F910FBBCFA09.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The Hutts are a fictional alien species in the Star Wars universe. Type data: ♂ holotype (IAvH 3000110) Colombia, Boyacá, San Pedro de Iguaque, Morro Negro, Transecto CL 1.7 (1.8) Ti I 1.1 (1.1) AL 1.9 (1.8) Ti II 1.8 (1.7) CW 2.4 (2.3) Ti III 1.5 (1.3) AW 2.7 (2.8) Ti IV 2.0 (2.0) ID 1.4 (1.4) Fe I 1.7 (1.5) Pp Fe 2.1 (1.9) Fe II 2.5 (2.3) Pp Pa 1.2 (1.1) Fe III 2.1 (2.0) Fe IV 2.5 (2.4) ♂ holotype and ♂ paratype (in parentheses). A, abdomen; C, carapace; Fe, femur; ID, interocular distance; L, length; Pa, patella; Pp, pedipalpus; Ti, tibia; W, width. 1, secondary forest, pitfall trap 3245 m (05 ° 38 ′ 32.1 ″ N, 73 ° 28 ′ 58.7 ″ W), 13 – 15. v. 2003 Elvia Lucía González & Claudia Reina leg.; 1 ♂ paratype (IAvH 3000042) Colombia, Boyacá, Villa de Leyva, Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Sitio Laguna Iguaque 3450 m (5 ° 38 ′ N, 73 ° 29 ′ W), 16. x. 1998, D. Forero leg. Description of male holotype: Measurements of body and appendages of both holotype and paratype males in Table 7. Body (Fig. 18 A, B): Dorsal scutum outline alpha (subrectangular with rounded sides and widened at midlength), posterior margin slightly convex. Cheliceral sockets shallow, flanked by two pairs of small triangular processes. Anterior corners of carapace each with two setiferous tubercles. Eyes placed on separate individual mounds, space between them and interocular mound densely covered with minute granules. Interocular mound elevated, bearing two acuminate spines in longitudinal row, and placed very close to anterior margin of carapace. Posterior half of carapace strongly convex. Mesotergum divided into four areas, area I divided into left and right halves, its outline distorted both by scutal groove and by projection of area II, so both halves touch each other only at a small point. Areas III and IV partially fused in the median portion. Mesotergal area I with pair of granules, areas II – IV each with a transverse row of granules accompanied by supplementary median ones. Posterior margin of scutum and free tergites I – III each with a transverse row of acuminate setiferous tubercles. Appendages: Cheliceral bulla with two pairs of ectal tubercles, cheliceral hand kidney-like, swollen (Fig. 17 A – C). Pedipalpal femur and patella short, the former with longitudinal ventral row of setiferous tubercles, otherwise entirely unarmed (Fig. 18 C). Pedipalpal tibia and tarsus each with ventro-ectal and ventro-mesal row of spines, spine count tibia (v-e IiIiIiIi and v-m IIiIi), tarsus (v-e Iiiii and v-m IiIiiii) (Fig. 18 C, D). Legs I – IV short (Fig. 18 A). Tr II with dorso-apical tubercle. Tr III subcubic, robust, with large retro-apical tubercle (Fig. 17 A). Fe III with pro-dorsal, pro-ventral and retroventral rows of acuminate setiferous tubercles, the two last growing distally. Fe III also with stout proximal retro-dorsal setiferous tubercle. Ti III uniformly thick, with longitudinal rows of setiferous tubercles, the retrodorsal and retro ventral stouter. Cx IV armed with strong dorsal and pro-dorsal acuminate tubercles. Tr IV with two larger dorsal tubercles amidst smaller ones, and one retro-ventral setiferous tubercle. Fe IV (Fig. 18 E-G) with pro-ventral and retro-ventral rows of acuminate setiferous tubercles, divergent distally and one stout retro-dorsal setiferous tubercle. Ti IV with six longitudinal rows of strong setiferous tubercles, retroventral the strongest. Basal tarsomeres IV thickened (Fig. 18 H). Tarsal claws III – IV subparallel, unpectinated, tarsi without scopulae. Penultimate and antepenultimate tarsomeres of leg IV short, wedge-shaped. Last tarsomere of leg IV moderately elongate, intermediate in shape between the short wedge of Heterostygninae and the elongate rod of Stygninae. Tarsal counts: 6 (3) – 6 (3) / 10 (4) – 10 (3) / 6 – 6 / 7 – 7. Genitalia (Fig. 19 A – D): Truncus apical inflated as a torus encircled by multiple small wrinkles dorsal and lateral plus a few thick ventral folds. Malleus hemispherical, projected mid-dorsally as a podium where the glans rests. Malleus contains MS A 1 – A 3 forming a dorsolateral arch and B, making part of the same arch, but separated by a wide gap and inserted ventrally. Lamina parva complex-shaped, formed by: (1) a columnar base, compressed laterally bearing MS C – E; (2) a flat subquadrangular platform projected laterally into two wide lobes; and (3) a pair of erect mid-dorsal lobes. MS D 1 small, dorso-lateral, inserted distally, at the junction glans / stylus; MS C 1 – C 3 forming a transverse row just below platform; MS E 1 – E 2 long, forming a longitudinal ventro-lateral row. Variation: Paratype has only one spine atop the interocular mound. Tarsal counts of paratype: 5 (3) – 5 (3) / 9 (3) – 8 (3) / 6 – 5 / 6 – 6.	en	Kury, Adriano B., M., Osvaldo Villarreal (2015): The prickly blade mapped: establishing homologies and a chaetotaxy for macrosetae of penis ventral plate in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 174 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12225, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12225
03F8CF77BD0CFF87FF44F99DFEBDF893.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Outline of dorsal scutum beta or zeta. Coxa IV dorso-apically unarmed. Ventral plate short, as long as truncus width. Latero-distal borders of VP without flange. Macrosetae B lacking. Macrosetae E small, inserted ventrally, forming distal rectangle. Paired laterodistal patches of scale-bristles (type 4) absent. Glans penis without dorsal process. Stylus very short atop a triangular glans. Combined distribution: Colombia, Ecuador and Panama. Remarks: Male genitalia of Nomoclastes were studied in detail for the first time for this project and we found that (1) the basic structure strikingly resembles those of Quindina and Zygobunus and (2) there is no compelling evidence to include Nomoclastinae as Manaosbiidae or Stygnidae. That motivated a cladistic analysis. The Zygobunus - like manaosbiids were already informally recognized by some researchers as departing from the typical manaosbiid facies as established in Kury (1997 a) while Nomoclastes looks awkward inside Stygnidae. Quindina is still officially in Cranaidae as of 2003 (Kury, 2003 a). Giribet et al. (2010) recognized a more restricted Gonyleptoidea, excluding the Assamiidae and Stygnopsidae, Manaosbiidae appeared as polyphyletic, the classic Rhopalocranaus appeared as a sister group to all the remaining families, while Zygopachylus grouped with Cosmetidae. In Sharma & Giribet (2011) the internal relationships of Gonyleptoidea were radically different from previous studies, and they did not include any typical Manaosbiidae, only Zygopachylus, which appeared in a wide polytomy including also Cosmetidae, Cranaidae and Gonyleptidae. None of these analyses included Nomoclastes.	en	Kury, Adriano B., M., Osvaldo Villarreal (2015): The prickly blade mapped: establishing homologies and a chaetotaxy for macrosetae of penis ventral plate in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 174 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12225, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12225
03F8CF77BD0DFF87FC5BF996FBBFF892.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: As in Kury (2012 b). Distribution: Ecuador.	en	Kury, Adriano B., M., Osvaldo Villarreal (2015): The prickly blade mapped: establishing homologies and a chaetotaxy for macrosetae of penis ventral plate in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 174 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12225, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12225
03F8CF77BD0AFF81FEFCF9B4FD42F9FE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis: Gonyleptoidea without marked dimorphism in chelicerae and pedipalps. Ocularium either low, elliptical, with median depression (Quindina, Zygopachylus) or lacking, eye sessile on carapace (Nomoclastes). Anterior margin of carapace without frontal hump. Dorsal scutum either entirely smooth and unarmed (Nomoclastes) or with a pair of robust paramedian spiniform processes on area III (Quindina, Zygopachylus). Legs I – IV unarmed, slender, but not extremely elongate. Coxa IV of male with immense ventral spur (Nomoclastes only). Basitarsus I not spindlelike swollen as in Manaosbiidae. Tarsal claws III and IV with well-developed median tarsal process. Ventral plate subrectangular to trapezoid, arising from inside a rounded cavity on dorsal side of apical truncus penis. Patches of laminar scale-setae on the ventro-laterodistal borders of VP absent (Fig. 20 H). Macrosetae C 1 – C 3 laterally inserted, well developed, only slightly curved, MS A 1 – A 2 or only A 1 following the same lateral row as MS C 1 – C 3. MS D 1 small, inserted dorsally or dorso-laterally on the basal third of VP. MS E 1 – E 2 as small stumps located ventrally on VP forming a quadrangle. Stylus short and sturdy, with rounded head, mounted atop a long columnar glans. Included genera: Nomoclastes Sørensen, 1932 (type genus), Quindina Roewer, 1915, Zygopachylus Chamberlin, 1925. There are other genera of Gonyleptoidea currently in Cranaidae and Manaosbiidae that probably belong here, but this placement awaits further studies on them. For example, Napostygnus Roewer, 1929, recently allocated to Cranaidae by Pinto-da-Rocha et al. (2012), could be a member of the Nomoclastinae based on the short stylus associated with a columnar glans, lack of MS B, and MS C not clustered forming a spaced lateral row. However, there are some important diagnostic characters regarding microsetae and MS E unknown. Moreover, the presence of a dorsal process of stylus, otherwise unknown in Nomoclastidae, is puzzling. Earlier placement of genera: Nomoclastes was originally in Stygnidae, not placed in any subfamily. Transferred to Gonyleptidae, which then included the presentday Stygnidae by Roewer (1943) into the new monotypic subfamily Nomoclastinae. With the recognition of Stygnidae by Mello-Leitão (1949), Nomoclastinae was again carried into the latter family, where it was confirmed by Pinto-da-Rocha (1997). Quindina was originally in Gonyleptidae Cranainae. Zygopachylus was originally in Gonyleptidae, assigned to Pachylinae by Roewer (1929), to Cranainae by Goodnight & Goodnight (1947) and to Prostygninae by Juberthie (1970). Transferred to Manaosbiidae by Kury (1997 a). Combined distribution: Colombia and Panama.	en	Kury, Adriano B., M., Osvaldo Villarreal (2015): The prickly blade mapped: establishing homologies and a chaetotaxy for macrosetae of penis ventral plate in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society (Zool. J. Linn. Soc.) 174 (1): 1-46, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12225, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12225
