taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FBAE04FFDBFF9B8EE5F8D7CFF9F862.taxon	description	(Fig. 1)	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDBFF9B8EE5F8D7CFF9F862.taxon	diagnosis	The new taxon shows similarities with O. medogensis H. Li, but differs from the latter in having densely villose corolla with non-inflated throat and pale yellow with green tinge towards the lobes.	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDBFF9B8EE5F8D7CFF9F862.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — India. Arunachal Pradesh, Shi-Yomi district, near Sikko Dido Water fall, 18. IX. 2019, M. Sabu & V. S. Hareesh 158760 (holo-, MBGH!; iso-, CAL!, MBGH!)	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDBFF9B8EE5F8D7CFF9F862.taxon	biology_ecology	PHENOLOGY. — Flowering started in August.	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDBFF9B8EE5F8D7CFF9F862.taxon	etymology	ETYMOLOGY. — The varietal epithet is named after the type locality of the taxon, Shi-Yomi district, Arunachal Pradesh.	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDBFF9B8EE5F8D7CFF9F862.taxon	distribution	HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION STATUS. — The new species is known only from type locality, near Siko Dido Water fall towards Mechuka, Shi-Yomi District of Arunachal Pradesh. The plants were growing in the moist sloppy areas at an altitude varying from 1100 to 1200 m a. s. l. During our expedition, we observed three populations with more than 50 mature individuals. It is growing in association with Impatiens paramjitiana Gogoi & Borah, I. arguta Hook. fil. & Thomson, Pilea sp. According to the present field observation data, the new species is tentatively classified as Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN 2017).	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDBFF9B8EE5F8D7CFF9F862.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Erect / decumbent herbs, 20 - 50 cm tall; stem branched, woody at base, terete, green to pinkish-green, pubescent; internodes 2 - 13 cm long. Stipules c. 1 cm long, with 2 - 4 subulate to filiform lobes, pubescent, persistent. Petiole 1 - 2.5 cm long, slender, pale green or rarely pale pink with densely pink pubescence. Leaf blades 3.5 - 9 × 1.75 - 4 cm, elliptic or ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, rounded to subcordate at base; margin entire, undulate, ciliate; adaxially green, rarely with yellow coloration, sparsely pubescent to pubescent, abaxially pale green, pubescent; secondary veins 9 - 14 on either sides. Inflorescence terminal corymb, 2 - 3 cm in diameter; peduncle c. 3 mm long, terete, densely villose; bract and bracteoles similar, lanceolate, 10 - 13 × c. 1 mm, green or rarely with purplish tinge, pubescent, prominently nerved, persistent. Pedicels 2 - 2.5 mm long, pale green, densely villose. Flowers 20 - 24 mm long. Hypanthium 1.5 - 2 × 2 - 2.5 mm, obovoid, pale green with dense pink villose hairs. Calyx lobes filiform, unequal in length, 3.5 - 6 × c. 0.5 mm, acute at apex, pale green to green, pubescent. Corolla infundibuliform, 18 - 20 mm long, pale yellow with green tinge towards the lobes, densely villose; lobes c. 2 × 1.5 mm, ovate, acute at apex, minutely keeled on back. Long-styled flowers: internally with a villous ring just above the middle of the corolla tube, followed by dense long pubescence towards the throat and small hairs to the lobes and glabrous below; stamens inserted in the middle of corolla tube below the villous ring; filaments 0.60 - 0.75 mm long; anthers oblonglinear 1.75 - 1.9 mm long, white or pale yellow; style filiform, 10 - 11 mm long, ciliate; stigma c. 2 mm long, linear to oblanceolate, pale yellow, glabrous to papillose. Short-styled flowers: internally with a villous ring just below the corolla throat, followed by dense short pubescence towards the lobes and dense long pubescence towards the base of corolla followed by 3 mm glabrous portion; stamens inserted just above the middle of corolla tube; filaments 1.5 - 1.75 mm long; anthers oblong-linear 1.75 - 2 mm long, white or pale yellow; style filiform, 4 - 4.5 mm long, ciliate; stigma 2 - 2.5 mm long, oblanceolate, pale yellow, glabrous to papillose. Ovary 2 - celled, ovules numerous; disc 0.5 - 0.75 mm high. Capsule obcordate, 5 - 8 × 5 - 11 mm, pale green, pubescent; seeds angular, pale brown.	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDDFF9D8F0CFF12CE33FC66.taxon	description	(Fig. 2)	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDDFF9D8F0CFF12CE33FC66.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE SPECIMEN. — Tibet. Guangxi, Xizang, Medog Xian, in silvis, Quinghai-Xizang, 1720 m, 10. IX. 1974, Complex Expeditio 74 - 5072 (holo-, KUN; iso-, PE [PE 00808294, PE 00808295]!). SPECIMEN DATA. — India. Arunachal Pradesh, Dibang Valley district, Near Mayodia, c. 1700 m, 22. IX. 2019, M. Sabu & V. S. Hareesh 158780 (CALI, MBGH).	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDDFF9D8F0CFF12CE33FC66.taxon	distribution	HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION STATUS. — Ophiorrhiza medogensis was known only from Xizang of Medog of China / Tibet on slopes of the broad leaved forest at an altitude around 1700 m. In India, it is growing in the sloppy areas near the Mayodia, Dibang Valley district and near Siko Dido Water fall, Shi-Yomi District of Arunachal Pradesh, NE India. The plants were growing in the moist sloppy areas at an altitude varying from 1100 to 1700 m a. s. l. in association with Amomum sericeum Roxb., Henckelia pumila (D. Don) A. Dietr., Elatostemma sp., Impatiens arguta Hook. f. & Thomson, Pilea sp. At present, O. medogensis perceives no serious threat to its existence in the field. During our expedition, we observed three populations with more than 50 mature individuals. According to the present field observation data, the new species is tentatively classified as Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN 2017).	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDDFF9D8F0CFF12CE33FC66.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Erect / decumbent herbs, 20 - 60 cm tall; stem branched, woody at base, terete, green to brownish-green, densely villose; internodes 2 - 10 cm long. Stipules 3 - 6 long subulate or linear with 1 - 3 filiform lobes, pubescent, persistent. Petiole 1 - 2 cm long, slender, pale green with densely pink pubescence. Leaf blades 3 - 11.5 × 1. 5 - 3.5 cm, elliptic or ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate at apex, cuneate or rounded to subcordate at base; margin entire, undulate, ciliate; adaxially green, abaxially pale green, densely pubescent on both surfaces; secondary veins 7 - 16 on either sides. Inflorescence terminal corymb, 2.5 - 3.5 cm in diameter; peduncle 3 - 5 mm long, terete, densely villose; bract and bracteoles similar, lanceolate, 6 - 10 × c. 1 mm, green pubescent, prominently nerved, persistent. Pedicels 2 - 2.5 mm long, pale green, densely pink villose. Flowers 22 - 25 mm long. Hypanthium 1.75 - 2 × 2.5 - 3 mm, obovoid, pale pink with dense pink villose hairs. Calyx lobes filiform, unequal in length, 4 - 7 × c. 0. 5 mm, acute at apex, pale pink, pubescent. Corolla infundibuliform, 20 - 23 mm long, white with pale pink tinge from base towards the middle of corolla tube, puberulent from the base towards the middle and pubescent on the ridges of the corolla lobes externally; lobes c. 3.5 - 4 × 3.5 - 4 mm, ovate, acute at apex, minutely keeled on back. Long-styled flowers: internally with a villous ring just above the middle of the corolla tube, followed by dense long pubescence towards the throat and small hairs to the lobes and glabrous below; stamens inserted in the middle of corolla tube below the villous ring; filaments 0.50 - 0.75 mm long; anthers oblong-linear 2.75 - 3 mm long, white or pale yellow; style filiform, 12 - 13 mm long, ciliate; stigma c. 3.5 mm long, linear to oblanceolate, white pale yellow, glabrous. Short-styled flowers: internally with a villous ring just below the corolla throat, followed by dense short pubescence towards the lobes and dense long pubescence towards the base of corolla tube; stamens inserted just above the middle of corolla tube; filaments 1.75 - 2 mm long; anthers oblong-linear 2.75 - 3 mm long, white or pale yellow; style filiform, 5 - 5.5 mm long, ciliate; stigma 2.5 - 3 mm long, oblanceolate, pale yellow, glabrous to papillose. Ovary 2 - celled, ovules numerous; disc 0.75 - 1 mm high. Capsule obcordate, 5 - 6 × 7 - 12 mm, pale green, pubescent; seeds angular, pale brown. Flowering August-October, Fruiting October-December.	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDDFF9D8F0CFF12CE33FC66.taxon	discussion	NOTES Ophiorrhiza medogensis was considered as a Himalayan endemic species distributed in Tibet / China, which shows close resemblances with Ophiorrhiza subcapitata Wall. ex Hook. f., but differs in having filiform stipules with 2 / 3 lobes, linear ciliate bracts and long ciliate calyx lobes. It is a large white flowered species with densely pubescent inflorescence, with a wide range of variations in the lamina hairy nature. The present collection from Mayodia of Arunachal Pradesh of India is the extended distributional record of this taxon to the flora of India. While describing O. medogensis, it was mentioned that the inflorescence has only long styled flowers and long calyx lobes. However, the collection from Arunachal Pradesh possesses both long-styled and short-styled flowers in a single population, which are mentioned in detail in the species description. In addition, it also shows variation in the size of the corolla lobe i. e. c. 2 mm less than the type material.	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDDFF918DE9FBF1C913FD98.taxon	description	(Fig. 3)	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDDFF918DE9FBF1C913FD98.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE. — India. Sikkim, alt. 2 - 5000 ft, s. n., J. D. Hooker 5 - Ophiorrhiza (lecto-, first-step lectotype designated by Deb & Mondal on 1997; second-step lectotype designated here, K [K 000031179]!; isolecto-, CAL [CAL 0000010928]!; K [K 000031178]!; L [L 0281127]!; P [P 04004375]!; W [W 0074652]!). SYNTYPES. — India. Khasia Mts, alt. 0 - 4000 ft, s. n., J. D. Hooker & Thomson 5 - Ophiorrhiza (syn-, CAL [CAL 0000010927]!; E [E 00327639]!; L [L 2940737]!; M [M 0198352]!; NY [NY 00132371]!; P [P 02273392]!; W [W 0074651, W 18083]!). SPECIMEN DATA. — Ophiorrhiza ochroleuca: India. Arunachal Pradesh: Papum Pare District, Sagali, 28. V. 2017, V. S. Hareesh 152672 (MBGH); West Kameng District, near Sessa Village, 31. V. 2017, V. S. Hareesh 152697 (MBGH).	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDDFF918DE9FBF1C913FD98.taxon	distribution	HABITAT, DISTRIBUTION AND CONSERVATION STATUS. — Ophiorrhiza ochroleuca is distributed in India, Bhutan, China (Yunnan), India and Myanmar. In India, it is distributed in Sikkim, West Bengal, Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland and Manipur at an altitude that ranges from 2 to 5000 feet. Like other Ophiorrhiza species, this is also growing in moist shady areas in association with Impatiens drepanophora Hook. f., I. pseudolaevigata Gogoi, B. B. T. Tham & Liden, Ophiorrhiza debiana Hareesh, A. Joe & M. Sabu, Tacca sp., Pilea sp. etc. According to the present field data, the new species is tentatively classified as Data Deficient (DD) (IUCN 2017).	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
03FBAE04FFDDFF918DE9FBF1C913FD98.taxon	discussion	REMARKS Ophiorrhiza recurvipetala is a newly described species from Assam of North-East India. While describing the new species, the authors have compared it with O. ochroleuca, a species already having wide distribution across NE India, Bhutan, Myanmar and China. The extensive field works made by the authors during 2015 to till date in the Northeastern India in different seasons collected several gatherings of O. ochroleuca, especially from Arunachal Pradesh. The identity of these materials was confirmed by comparing with the type housed at (K and CAL) and protologue. However, we noticed many intermediate forms especially about internal nature of corolla tube, position of stamens and style length as mentioned in the protologue. The newly published O. recurvipetala by Bhuyan et al. (2021) clearly matches with typical O. ochroleuca. The major differences that they have mentioned were “ attenuate leaf base, inflorescence 3 - 4 cm across, 5 - 7 cm long peduncle, creamy white flowers, pubescent capsule, corolla tube hairy all over and strongly recurved corolla lobes with acute apex ”. Ophiorrhiza ochroleuca also has wide range of variations in the lamina shape that varies from round to cuneate or attenuate leaf base and acute to acuminate apex. The inflorescence cross length and peduncle length also overlap with the O. ochroleuca as mentioned in earlier literature and also from the living collections. Bhuyan et al. (2021) have vaguely described the flower colour as creamy white. From the protologue images (Fig. 1 B), it was clear that, it has yellowish green flower, which is typical for O. ochroleuca. Similarly, the indumentum on the fruit wall also shows variation from puberulent to pubescent. In addition to this, the recurved nature of the corolla lobe is the typical character of O. ochroleuca which is clearly mentioned by Deb & Mondal (1997) and is also clear from the present collections by the authors. The internal corolla tube nature, which is hairy all over is the difference discussed by the authors as the character not motioned by Deb & Mondal (1997). From our collection, throughout villose hairs are present in corolla tube in the short-styled flowers of O. ochroleuca. Whereas, the long styled flowers possess a villous ring in the throat of the corolla followed by glabrous nature. From these we concluded that all floral characters fall within the range of O. ochroleuca, hence O. recurvipetala is treated here as a synonym of O. ochroleuca. TYPIFICATION Hooker (1880) published the species name Ophiorrhiza ochroleuca Hook. f. and based it on the collections from Sikkim and Khasia mountains (Meghalaya). The protologue shows the type collection information as: “ Ophiorrhiza, 5 Herb. Ind. Or. H. f. & T. ” and “ Sikkim and Bhotan Himalaya, alt. 1 - 5000 ft., common. Khasia Mts. alt. 0 - 4000 ft Cachar, Keenen ”. It is evident that Hooker based his species description on syntypes and the species name needs typification. And in our search, we located 14 specimens housed in different herbaria (three sheets in W, two sheets each in CAL, K, L, P and single in E, M, NY), and all the labels of these specimens show the same collection info given within the protologue. In 1993, John R. I. Wood annotated one of the two K sheets (K 000031179) as the lectotype; the preceding specimen was collected by J. D. Hooker from Sikkim. However, Wood’s intended lectotypification was not effectively published and does not constitute as an act of typification. Furthermore, he did not annotate the specimens at CAL (CAL 0000010928), K (K 000031178), P (P 04004375), W (W 0074652) and L (L 0281127); these specimens most likely belong to the same gathering. However, Schanzer annotated L (L 0281127) specimens as isolectotype referred from Wood’s annotation in the K (K 000031179) specimen. Subsequently, Deb & Mondal (1997) mentioned that the “ holotype ” is housed at K and the CAL specimens are “ isotypes ”; they did not specify the relevant holotype specimen at K or comment on Wood’s annotation of the K specimen as the lectotype. In addition, they did not mention the specimens of P (P 04004375), W (W 0074652) and L (L 0281127). Nevertheless, Deb & Mondal’s citation of “ holotype ” is construed here as an inadvertent act of lectotypification, and their usage of the term “ holotype ” is correctable (vide ICNafp Art. 9. 10; Turland et al. 2018). Since the K has two specimens and since Deb and Mondal did not specify one of them as the “ holotype ”, their citation is treated as the lectotype [first-step]. We herewith narrow the typification by designating the K specimen (K 000031179) as the lectotype [second-step] (vide Art. 9.17). Our choice agrees with Wood’s earlier annotation of the same specimen as the lectotype. Consequently, the second K specimen (K 000031178), P specimen (P 04004375), W specimen (W 0074652) and L specimen (L 0281127) are designated here as isolectotypes. Of the remaining original specimens from Khasia Mts. alt. 0 - 4000 ft collected by J. D. Hooker and Thomson in E (E 00327639) is annotated as syntype. M. Wetter annotated NY (NY 00132371) specimen as Type of Ophiorrhiza ochroleuca on 1983. Schanzer annotated the two specimens in W (W 0074651, W 18083) as isotypes and P 02273392 & L 2940737 as isosyntypes. The remaining two specimens (CAL 0000010927, M 0198352) did not have any annotation. Hence we considered all the above mentioned specimens from Khasia Mts. collected by J. D. Hooker and Thomson as syntypes. The altitude ranges 1 - 5000 ft of Sikkim specimen in the protologue is a typographical error of 2 - 5000 ft. NOTES Ophiorrhiza ochroleuca was so far treated in a homostylous species or unknown in the floral morphology (Lo 1990; Deb & Mondal 1997; Chen & Taylor 2011). Living collections from different localities of northeastern India revealed that the plant possess both long-styled and short-styled flowers (Fig. 3). The amended floral description along with colour photographs is provided for better understanding. Flowers are yellow or yellow-orange or greenish to pale yellow or rarely yellowish white. Corolla lobes prominently keeled or spurred dorsally. Long-styled flowers: internally glabrous with a villous ring in the throat of the corolla tube, followed by papillose towards the corolla lobes; stamens inserted just above the base of the corolla tube; filaments c. 0.5 mm long; anthers oblong-linear 2.25 - 2.5 mm long, white to pale yellow; style filiform, 6.5 - 7 mm long, ciliate; stigma 1.5 - 2 × c. 1.5 mm, globose, white, papillose. Short-styled flowers: internally with a villous ring just below the middle of the corolla tube, followed by sparse long villous towards the throat and glabrous below, papillose towards the corolla lobes; stamens inserted just below the middle of corolla tube; filaments 3 - 3.5 mm long; anthers oblong-linear 2.25 - 2.5 mm long, white to pale yellow; style filiform, c. 1.5 mm long, glabrous; stigma c. 2 mm long, oblong, off-white, glabrous to papillose.	en	Hareesh, Vadakkoot Sankaran, Sabu, Mamiyil (2022): Taxonomic studies on Indian Ophiorrhiza L. (Rubiaceae): with a new variety, new distributional record of O. medogensis H. Li for India and the identity of O. recurvipetala Bhuyan, Baruah & Mehmud. Adansonia (3) 44 (5): 29-36, DOI: 10.5252/adansonia2022v44a5
