identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FB879F6F08FF8BFF55FB346625F819.text	03FB879F6F08FF8BFF55FB346625F819.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochralea Clark 1865	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ochralea Clark, 1865</p>
            <p> Type species:  Ochralea nigricornis Clark, 1865 by monotypy. </p>
            <p>Redescription. Total length: 7.75–14.40 mm</p>
            <p>Head: Pale yellow or brownish, but black in about 20 % of material examined. Very finely punctate, with significant transverse impression between the posterior third of eyes, and a short median impression. Eyes large, strongly convex (fig. 1). Labial and maxillary palpi slender (fig. 2a), yellow or brown basally, occasionally darker towards apex. Labrum yellowish, brownish or blackish and occasionally much darker in the middle. Mandibles yellow or brown basally, and blackish towards the apex. Antennae entirely pale yellow in about 45 % of material examined; pale yellow with one to two apical antennomeres contrasting brown to black in all specimens with black head and prothorax (20 %); or only the basal three antennomeres pale to reddish-yellow and others dark brown to black (35 %). Antennae filiform, slender, extending to about the middle of the elytron (figs 1, 7, 12); first antennomere club shaped, second shortest, third antennomere about one third to slightly longer than second; length ratio of second to third antennomere 0.67–0.90 (mean: 0.83); fourth broader, about twice the length of the third, length ratio of third to fourth antennomere 0.37–0.50 (mean: 0.45; figs 8, 13).</p>
            <p>Thorax: Pronotum transverse, narrowing slightly towards the anterior, broadest in the middle, protruding slightly at posterior angles (figs 7, 12). Shiny, smooth, and finely punctured without any transverse depression, but often with insignificant shallow longitudinal impression from the posterior angle in the basal third of pronotum. Pronotum usually yellow or yellowish-red, but black in about 20 % of material examined. Pronotal width 2.80–4.20 mm (mean: 3.76), length to width ratio 0.62–0.73 (mean: 0.66).</p>
            <p>Scutellum large, triangular, impunctate, yellow, reddish-yellow or pale brown. Procoxal cavities partly open (fig. 2b). Mesothorax and metathorax yellow to brown. Mesosternum broad (fig. 2c). Elytra entirely pale yellow to yellow (in old specimens more brownish) in about 60 % of material; reddish-yellow throughout in 20 %; in specimens with black head and pronotum yellowish-red to reddish-brown with apical quarter dark brown to black.</p>
            <p>Elytral punctation slightly coarser and denser than that of pronotum. Elytral length 6.00– 10.60 mm (mean: 9.14), maximal width of both elytra together 4.70–7.00 mm (mean: 6.16 mm), ratio of maximal width of both elytra together to length of elytra 0.62–0.80 (mean: 0.67). Alae fully developed (fig. 4). Legs long and slender, basal metatarsomere elongate (fig. 5). Pale yellow to reddish-yellow throughout in about half of material examined; others with coxa to femur yellow contrasting with the brown to black tibia and tarsus, all specimens with black head and pronotum of this coloration.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Pale yellow to brownish, but black in specimens with black head and pronotum. Last visible sternite in females rounded at apex, but with two deep parallel incisions, one on either side, in males (fig. 3).</p>
            <p>Male genitalia: Outline of the median lobe and endophallic structures symmetrically arranged. Median lobe elongate, moderately curved ventrally, with basal half broad in dorsal view, tapering in the apical half, apex deeply incised. Endophallic sac clearly visible, endophallus with three pairs of spiculae in the middle. Tectum not incised apically, nearly reaching the apex of the median lobe (figs 9, 14).</p>
            <p>Female genitalia: Spermatheca with a spherical nodulus, strongly sclerotized, with long and strongly curved cornu, terminating in a cap like structure or rounded (figs 10, 15). One or two pairs of bursal sclerites, with sclerotized spines (figs 11, 16).</p>
            <p>Distribution: Recorded from most east Asian countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, Burma, Myanmar, Thailand, Brunei, Laos, Vietnam, Singapore, northwards to Southern China, westwards to Bangladesh and eastern India, eastwards to Sulawesi and and as far as the Wallace-line (fig. 6).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Ochralea are relatively large galerucines (7.75–14.40 mm body length) with elongate basal metatarsomeres that distinguish them from most other galerucines of the same size. Other galerucine taxa with strongly elongate basal metatarsomeres, like  Candezea Chapuis, 1879 (5.70–8.10 mm; Wagner &amp; Kurtscheid, 2005) and  Monolepta (3.00– 7.50 mm; Wagner 2007a) are considerably smaller. The dorsal coloration is either entirely yellow to yellowish- or brownish-red, but one distinct variation of  O. nigripes has a black head, pronotum and apical quarter of the elytra. Such uniform coloration only occurs in a few species of  Monolepta and  Candezea , which usually have contrasting dorsal coloration, with transverse bands and spots. </p>
            <p> The second and third antennomeres of  Ochralea are short and almost the same size, as in  Monolepta , which was the crucial character responsible for the synonymisation of these taxa by Weise (1924). The length ratio of the second to the third antennomere in  Ochralea is 0.67–0.90, 0.82–1.10 in  Monolepta , but differs in  Candezea where it is 0.49–0.63. The pronotum of  Ochralea is comparatively narrow, with a length to width ratio of 0.62–0.73, which is similar to the 0.52–0.65 of  Monolepta , but significantly different from the species of  Candezea , which have a much broader pronotum of 0.42–0.59. The procoxal cavities are partly open (fig. 2) as in most species of  Monolepta and  Candezea . </p>
            <p> The median lobe of  Ochralea is deeply incised apically, while it is not incised and usually rounded in  Monolepta and carinated ventrally in  Candezea . The tectum is not incised in  Ochralea and  Monolepta , but bears an incision in  Candezea . The endophallic sac is clearly visible in  Ochralea , with endophallic structures consisting of pairs of strong spiculae, similar to those in  Candezea , but very different from the three distinct types of endophallic spiculae in  Monolepta . The shape of the spermatheca of  Ochralea resembles that of  Monolepta (Wagner, 2007a) with exception of the cap-like structure of the cornu, but is quite different from  Candezea (Wagner &amp; Kurtscheid, 2005) . </p>
            <p> Discussion: Besides the type species, nine other species of galerucines have been described in  Ochralea . These are:  O. ceylonica Harold, 1880 ;  O. divisa Jacoby, 1889 ;  O. fulva Baly, 1886 ;  O. pallida Jacoby, 1892 ;  O. pectoralis Harold, 1880 ;  O. rufobasalis Jacoby, 1892 ;  O. straminea Harold, 1880 ;  O. imitans Jacoby, 1894 ;  O. marginata Jacoby, 1884 . With an exception of the latter, which was transferred to  Nadrana by Laboissiere (1936), all the other species were transferred to  Monolepta by various authors (Weise, 1924; Maulik, 1936). Next to the type species, we also checked type material of the other taxa listed above, and found out that  O. pectoralis Harold, 1880 is a junior synonym to  O. nigripes (Olivier, 1808) , and the others are not con-generic with  Ochralea . Details on their morphology and transfer to other genera will be dealt with in subsequent publications. </p>
            <p> On the other hand we checked some large species of  Monolepta and  Candezea and found that the recently described  Monolepta wangkliana Mohammedsaid, 2005 needs to be transferred to  Ochralea . Finally, this genus comprises only two valid species which are subsequently redescribed. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB879F6F08FF8BFF55FB346625F819	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hazmi, Izfa Riza;Wagner, Thomas	Hazmi, Izfa Riza, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revalidation and revision of Ochralea Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from the Oriental Region. Zootaxa 2530: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.196518
03FB879F6F0CFF84FF55FF2367BBFD56.text	03FB879F6F0CFF84FF55FF2367BBFD56.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochralea nigripes (Olivier 1808) Olivier 1808	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ochralea nigripes (Olivier, 1808)</p>
            <p>Figs 2–11</p>
            <p> =  Galeruca nigripes Olivier, 1808: 648</p>
            <p> =  Ochralea nigricornis Clark, 1865: 144 (Weise 1924) =  Ochralea pectoralis Harold, 1880: 149 : syn. nov. =  Monolepta erythromelas Weise, 1922 : syn. nov. </p>
            <p>Total length: 7.75–13.50 mm (mean: 11.19 mm, n = 30)</p>
            <p>Head, thorax, abdomen: Characters concerning shape, coloration, and punctuation for this species are almost identical to those described for the genus. There are only minor differences in measurements of external characters: length ratio of second to third antennomere, 0.67–0.86 (mean: 0.76); length ratio of third to fourth antennomere, 0.37–0.47 (mean: 0.42; Fig. 7, 8). Pronotal width 2.80–3.85 mm (mean: 3.44 mm), length to width ratio 0.62–0.73 (mean: 0.68). Elytral length: 6.00– 10.35 mm (mean: 7.98 mm), maximal width of both elytra together, 4.70–6.80 mm (mean: 5.42 mm), ratio of maximal width of both elytra together to length of elytra 0.62–0.80 (mean: 0.67; fig. 7). Figs 7–11, strongly reduce size of the figs, in particular Fig. 8, optimal size (comparability) when all figure numbers are in the same size.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia: Median lobe moderately curved, tectum almost reaching the apex of the median lobe and covering the endophalllus. Endophallic sac clearly visible, with three pairs of spiculae (fig. 9).</p>
            <p>Female genitalia: Spermatheca with a strongly sclerotized, spherical nodulus, with a long and strongly curved cornu terminating in a cap-like structure (fig. 10). Two pairs of strongly sclerotized bursal sclerites, with sclerotized spines (fig. 11).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Ochralea nigripes shows considerable colour variation (fig. 7), but only specimens with a pale yellowish dorsum and femora, and black tibiae and tarsi (fig. 7b) can be confused with  O. wangkliana . The latter species is larger than  O. nigripes , with on average a narrower pronotum, and elytra that are on average slightly broader. However, since the morphometric data for the few known specimens of  O. wangkliana fall within the range of  O. nigripes , only examination of the genitalia in both sexes will reveal a reliable species diagnosis. For details see diagnosis of  O. wangkliana . </p>
            <p>Distribution: This species is widely distributed in many east Asian countries, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Cambodia, Burma, Myanmar, Thailand, Brunei, Laos, Vietnam, Singapore, northwards to Southern China, westwards to Bangladesh, eastwards to Sulawesi and as far as the Wallace-line (Fig. 6).</p>
            <p> Type material examined:  Galeruca nigripes : Type material should be in MNHN (Horn et al. 1990), but is not available to us. We adapt Weise’s (1924) statement that this species is synonym with  O. nigricornis , which type material is available. </p>
            <p> Ochralea nigricornis : Holotype, Ƥ “Penang /  Ochralea nigricornis Clark Type /  Ochralea nigricornis Clark / 67.56” (BMNH); Type locality: Malaysia, 5°20'N / 100°29'E. Clark mentioned more than one specimen in his original description “In my own cabinet and that of Mr. Baly”, but there is only one specimen with collection data of the original description available in BMNH, including the word “ type ” in Baly’s handwriting on the identification label, which is a holotype by indication. </p>
            <p> Monolepta erythromelas: Replacement name for  Ochralea pectoralis Harold, 1880 (transferred to  Monolepta by Weise 1922) not  Monolepta pectoralis Bohemann, 1959 . </p>
            <p> Ochralea pectoralis : Holotype, “Tamiang VI,  Ochralea pectoralis Har. ” (MNHU); Type locality: Indonesia, Sumatra, 2°28'S / 103°54'E. Harold gave no number of specimens in this original description, but there is no indication of more than one, and the only available specimen in MNHU can be treated as holotype. </p>
            <p> Weise (1922) also cited  Monolepta concolor Boheman, 1859 as synonym, but he has most likely never seen the type specimen from NHRS. This is a small beetle of about 5 mm total length and does neither belong to  Ochralea nor to  Monolepta . </p>
            <p>Other material examined. Bangladesh: 3 ex., Bengal, Buxar Duars, D. Nowrojee, V.1907, 25.34°N / 84.01°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Assam Valley, Doherty, Fry Coll. 1905.100, 26°30'N / 92°45'E (BMNH). – Brunei: 5 ex., Brunei, Kuala Belalong FSC, dipterocarp forest, 1991–173, VI.1991, N. Mawdsley, 4°34'N / 115°7'E (BMNH). – Burma: 2 ex., Burmah, 8525, 1°50'S / 120°31'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Burmah, Karen Mts., Doherty, Fry Coll. 1905.100, 1°50'S / 120°31'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Celebes, IX.1923, C. J. Brooks Coll., 1°50'S / 120°31'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Burmah, Andrewes Bequest, B. M. 1922–221, 1°50'S / 120°31'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Burmah (BMNH); 4 ex., Tenasserim, Javoy, Doherty, Fry Coll., 1905.100, 1°50'S / 120°31'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Tenasserim, Thagala, IV.1887, Fea (BMNH); 1 ex., Toungoo, Andrewes Bequest, B. M. 1922–221, 1°50'S / 120°31'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Tenasserim, Thagala, Fea, IV.1887, 81662, 12°4'N / 99°1'E (MNHU). – Cambodia: 27 ex., Cambodia (Siem Reap), Kbal spean, 28.V.2005, day catch, I. Var &amp; P. Grootaert, 13°22'N / 103°50'E (16 ex. BMNH, 11 ex. IRSN). – India: 7 ex., E. India 21°N/98°E (BMNH); 15 ex., Gopaldhara, Rungbong Vall., Sikkim, H. Stevens 1916–218, 27.33°N / 88.62°E (BMNH). – Indonesia: 8 ex., Sulawesi Utara, Dumoga-Bone N. P., II.–III., IX.1985, Project Wallace, at light, 1°50'S / 120°31'E (BMNH); 9 ex., Java, Depok, G. E. Bryant, IV. 1909, G. Bryant Coll. 1919–147, 6°23'S / 106°49'E (BMNH); 8 ex., Celebes, Sharp Coll. 1905–313, 1°50'S / 120°31'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Java, Buitenzorg, C. W. Andrews 98–20, 6°35'S / 106°47'E (BMNH); 1 ex., E. Coast Sumatra, Doerian Moelan, Briendjei. Lt. R. Coughtrie, 1915–184, 0°35'S / 101°18'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Java, Wallace, 7°36'S / 110°42'E (BMNH); 4 ex., Sumatra, Merang, Doherty, Fry Coll. 1905– 100, 0°45'N / 98°49'E (BMNH); 5 ex., Sumatra, Lambang, Buxton, Fry Coll. 1905–100, 0°45'N / 98°49'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Sulawesi Tengah, nr. Morowali, Ranu river area, I.–IV.1980, S. L. Sutton, C. J. Rees, B. M. 1980–281, 1°S/121°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Java, 7°30'S / 111°15'E (BMNH); 3 ex., SUMAT, Jacoby Coll., 1909– 28 °, 0°N/102°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Java, Bulterong, S. 1924, 7°30'S / 111°15'E (IRSN); 1 ex., Celebes, IX.1923, C. J. Brooks Coll., 1°50'S / 120°31'E (BMNH); 1 ex., K. V. H. Java, 7°36'S / 110°42'E (NNML); 7 ex., Java, Occident, Sukabumi, 2000 1893, H. Fruhstorfer, 7°36'S / 110°42'E (NNML); 2 ex., Java, Orient, Montes Tengger, 4000 1890, H. Fruhstorfer, 7°36'S / 110°42'E (NNML); 8 ex., Borneo Exped. Dr. Nieuwenhuis, Mahakkam 1894, 1°6'S / 114°8'E (NNML); 2 ex., Borneo, Setput 1903, N. E. Puper, 1°6'S / 114°8'E (NNML); 4 ex., Dr. B. Hagen. Tandjong Morawa, Serdang, (N.O.Sumatra), 0°35'S /101°E (NNML); 3 ex., N. E. Sumatra, Deli, Kuala Simpang, A. Collart, 0°35'S / 101°18'E (NNML); 5 ex., Java, Depok, ex collection J. J. de Voes Tot, Nederveen capel, 6°23'S / 106°48'E (NNML); 1 ex., Sulawesi, Dumoga bone NP; edwards sucamp, at light, 664, 29.IV.1985, 1°50'S / 120°31'E (NNML); 1 ex., Buitenzorg, 19.X.1928, J. V. D. Vecht, 6°35'S / 106°47'E (NNML); 1 ex., P. Buitenzorg, Tandjong Riok, Feb. 0 9, 6°35'S / 106°47'E (NNML); 7 ex., Samanga, S. Celebes, Nov. 1895, H. Fruhstoefer, 3°11'S / 120°26'E (NNML); 2 ex., Nierst, Depok, 1899, 6°23'S / 106°48'E (NNML); 2 ex., Buitang, Java, ex collection, J. J da Voes Tot, Nederveen capel, 7°36'S / 110°42'E (NNML); 7 ex., Sumatra, Manna, M. Knappert, 0°45'N / 98°49'E (NNML); 13 ex., Nierstratsz, Depok 1899, 6°23'S / 106°48'E (NNML); 1 ex., Krawang, Java, L. D.V., 6°18'S / 107°17'E (NNML); 1 ex., W. Celebes, Paloe, Dec. 1936, Dr. J. V. D. Vecht, 2°12'S / 119°56'E (NNML); 9 ex., Depok, W. Java, V.–VII.1932, W. C. V. Heurn, 6°23'S / 106°48'E (NNML); 2 ex., Depok, Java, 3.VIII.1931, Fr. A. Th. H. Verbeek, 6°23'S / 106°48'E (NNML); 20 ex., W. Java, Buitenzorg, VI.–VIII.1931, W. C. Hauern, 6°35'S / 106°47'E (NNML); 1 ex., Sumatra, Deyr, 40824, 0°35'S / 101°18'E (MNHU); 1 ex., Java, Dr. Will, 7°36'S / 110°42'E (MNHU); 2 ex., Borneo, 1°6'S / 114°8'E (MNHU); 10 ex., Java, Buitenzorg, Kemner, 6°35'S / 106°47'E (NHRS). – Laos: 1 ex., Laos, Vien, V. 1915, R. Vitalis de Salvaza 17°58'N / 102°36'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Laos, Xien Khou, III.1915, R. Vitalis de Salvaza 17°58'N / 102°36'E (BMNH). – Malaysia: 8 ex., Sarawak. Foot of Mt. Dulit, Junction of rivers, Tinjar &amp; Lejok, IX.–X.1932, secondary forest 2°33'N /113°E (BMNH); 25 ex., W. Sarawak, Quop, G. E. Bryant, II.–IV.1914, G. Bryant Coll. 1919-147 2°33'N /113°E (BMNH); 4 ex., Sarawak, Ulu Akar, P. de F. Coll, XI.1914 2 °33'N/113°E (BMNH); 6 ex., Sarawak, Long Sup, Baram River, X.1920, J. C. Moulton 1°21'N / 111°31'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Malay Peninsular, Kuala Terengganu, VI.1926, Mr. C. B. Klosi Coll. F.M.S Museum, 5°20'N / 103°9'E (BMNH); 4 ex., S. E. Borneo, Pengaron, 1904–150, 1°6'S / 114°8'E (BMNH); 70 ex., N. Borneo, Kudat, IX.1927, C. B. K. &amp; H. M. P., F. M. S. Museum, 6°53'N / 116°50'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Pulo Penang, Lower Siam, IV.1911, 5 °20'N/ 100°29'E (BMNH); 6 ex., Borneo, Baly Coll., 1°6'S / 114°8'E (BMNH); 6 ex., Penang, Bowring 63.47, 5°20'N / 100°29'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Malacca, Baly Coll., 2°12'N / 102°15'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Malay, Castelu, Fry Coll. 1905–100, 3°8'N / 101°42'E (BMNH); 2 ex., W. Sarawak, Mt. Matang, G. E. Bryant, XII.1913, 1.55°N / 110.35°E (BMNH); 3 ex., Sarawak, Baram River, Long Akar, X.1920, J. C. Moulton 1°21'N / 111°31'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Sarawak, Baram River, Lio Matu, X.1920, J. C. Moulton 1°21'N / 111°31'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Sarawak, Baram, IX.1920, J. C. Moulton 1°21'N / 111°31'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Sarawak, Borneo, Trusan, 1915, H. W. Smith, 6°26'N / 117°41'E (BMNH); 3 ex., Pulau Tioman. S. China Sea, B/T Sedugong 1000, V.1927, N. Smedly 2°49'N / 104°11'E (BMNH); 7 ex., Pulau Aor, S. China Sea, IV.–V.1927, N. Smeldy, 2°26'N / 104°31'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Pulo Tioman, VII.1915, V. K. Coll. (BMNH); 6 ex., Malay Penin., Kuala Terengganu, VI.1926, Mr. C. B. Klasss, Coll. F.M.S. Museum, 5°20'N / 103°9'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Malaya, Perlis, Bukit Jermeh, III.1936, H. M. Pendlebury, F.M.S. Museum, 6°30'N / 100°15'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Malaya, Perlis, Arau, III.1936, H. M. Pendlebury, F.M.S. Museum, 6°26'N / 100°16'E (BMNH); 3 ex., West Sarawak, Lundu, I.1914, G. E. Bryant, 1°40'N / 109°51'E (BMNH); 11 ex., Sarawak, C. J. Brooks, B.M. 1928–193, 2°30'N / 113°15'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Sarawak, 1907–1909, C. J. Brooks, B.M. 1936–681, 2°30'N / 113°15'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Sarawak, Shelford, 1900–117, 2°30'N / 113°15'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Sarawak, Lundu, IV.1913, 1 °40'N/ 109°51'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Sarawak, Semenggok Forest, VI.1968, Vincent H., 2°30'N / 113°15'E (BMNH); 13 ex., Fed. Malay States, 1909, C. J. Brooks, B.M. 1931-570, 3°8'N / 101°42'E (BMNH); 1 ex., W. Sarawak, Puak, V.1914, G. E. Bryant, G. E. Bryant Coll. 1919-147, 2°30'N / 113°15'E (BMNH); 1 ex., N. W. Borneo, 95–226, 1°N/114°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Malay Penin, Kedah, Alor Setar, Gunung Keriang, IV.1928, H.M. Pendlebury, Coll. F. M. S. Museum, 6°7'N / 100°22'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Sandakan, Atkinson Coll., 92–3, 5°50'N / 118°7'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Malacca, Whitehead, Fry Coll. 1905–100, 2°12'N / 102°15'E (BMNH); 6 ex., Borneo, Pengaron, Doherty, Fry Coll.1905-100, 1°N/114°E (BMNH); 2 ex., Borneo, German Mission, Fry Coll. 1905–100, 1°N/114°E (BMNH); 2 ex., Borneo N, Whitehead, Fry Coll. 1905-100, 1°N/114°E (BMNH); 8 ex., Perak, Doherty, Fry Coll. 1905–100, 4°45'N /101°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Malaysia, P. S. A Is. Siantan, IX.1925, Ex. F. M. S. Museum, B.M. 1955-354, 3°8'N / 101°42'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Malay Penin, Selangor, Bukit Kutu, IX.1932, H. M. Pendlebury, 3.35°N / 101.25°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Perak, F. M. S. Batang Padang, I.1925, H. M. Pendlebury, 5.33°N / 101.33°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Gombak Forest, VIII.1968, 3.25°N / 101.25°E (BMNH); 1 ex., West Borneo, Putus Sibau am obereh Kapuas, Eing. Nr. 6 1926, 0°N/ 110°30'E (IRSN); 1 ex., Borneo, Melawifloss b. Nanga Kruab, 9.XI.1924, 1°N/114°E (IRSN); 1 ex., Dindings, 96–85 (BMNH); 11 ex., SAR, Baly Coll., 4°11'N / 100°39'E (BMNH); 10 ex., Malaysia, Johor, Endau Rompin, VI.2007, B. H. Izfa, 2°N/ 103.5°E (UKM); 1 ex., Kedah, Langkawi, Kg. Kok, IV.1993, Ismail, Sham, Yusof 6°21'N / 99°48'E (UKM); 1 ex., Kedah, Langkawi, I.1989, Ismail 6°21'N / 99°48'E (UKM); 1 ex., Kedah, Baling, H. L. Bukit Weng, VI.1994, Ismail, Ruslan, Yusof, 5.67°N / 120°31'E (UKM); 1 ex., Kedah, Langkawi, Kampong Kilim, II.1994, Ismail, Zabidi &amp; Ruslan 6°21'N / 99°48'E (UKM); 1 ex., Pahang, Kuala Lompat, IV.–V.1986, Pelajar Thn., 3.43°N / 102.4°E (UKM); 2 ex., Pahang, Pulau Tioman, IX.1999, Ismail &amp; Sham 2°49'N / 104°11'E (UKM); 1 ex., Pahang, Pulau Tioman, Paya, IV.1993, Zabidi, Sham &amp; Razali 2°49'N / 104°11'E (UKM); 9 ex., Malaysia, Sarawak, Spaoh, I.2008, B. H. Izfa, 1.46°N / 111.47°E (UKM); 1 ex., Terengganu, Setiu, H. Lipur Peladang, V.1994, Ismail &amp; Zabidi, 5°N/103°E (UKM); 1 ex., Pahang, Ekspedisi Rompin-Endau, V.1989, Ismail &amp; Nor 3.53°N / 103.47°E (UKM); 1 ex., Selangor, Kuala Kubu Bharu, Pertak, IV.1997, Ismail &amp; Ruslan 3.57°N / 101.65°E (UKM); 1 ex., N. Sembilan, Beranang- Lenggeng Jeram Kedah, V.1993, Sham, Ismail, Yusuf 2°52'N /1010°56'E (UKM); 1 ex., Pahang, Jerantut, Hutan Lipur Sg Salam, VIII.1996, Ismail &amp; Muzammil 3°56'N / 102°22'E (UKM); 1 ex., Pahang, Kuala Lompat, III.1998, Salleh et al. 3.43°N / 102.4°E (UKM); 1 ex., Johor, Mersing, 2.II.1980, Arishah 2°26'N / 103°50'E (UKM); 10 ex., Kedah, Baling, Lata Bayu, 15.VI.1994, Ismail, Ruslan &amp; Yusuf 5°40'N / 100°55'E (UKM); 10 ex., Bukit Weng, 16.VI.1994, Ismail, Ruslan &amp; Yusuf 5.67°N / 100.92°E (UKM); 8 ex., Langkawi, 10.–14.I.1989, Ismail 6°21'N / 99°48'E (UKM); 1 ex., Kuala Nerang, Gunung Janing, 16.VI.1994, Ismail, Ruslan &amp; Yusuf 6°15'N / 100°36'E (UKM); 12 ex., Langkawi, Kg. Kilim, 5.II.1994, Ismail, Sham &amp; Yusuf 6°21'N / 99°48'E (UKM); 1 ex., Kinabalu, Borneo, 828,6°4'N/ 116°33'E (MNHU); 1 ex., Balabak, Borneo, 7°N/ 117°1'E (MNHU); 6 ex., Malakka, Perak, 2°12'N / 102°15'E, (MNHU). – Philippines: 5 ex., Philippine Is., E. M. Ledyard, B. M. 1925– 491, 13°N/122°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Philippine Is., Mindanao, Bugo, Misamis Or. B. M. 1937–107 7°51'N / 124°51'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Manila, E. Coll., 14°36'N / 120°58'E (BMNH); 2 ex., Phil. Is, E. Coll. Thomson 13°N/122°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Phillip. Island, Fry Coll. 1905–100 13°N/122°E (BMNH); 1 ex., Luzon, Sharp Coll. 1905.313, 16°33'N / 121°15'E (BMNH); 29 ex., Luzon, J. Roseler, 29.IX.1908, 16°33'N / 121°15'E (MNHU); 2 ex., Phillipines, Palawan Island, Olanguan River, 50–400 m, 30.V.1991, R. A. Muller leg et. Coll, 11°14'N / 119°27'E (NNML). – Singapore: 1 ex., Singapore 1°21'N / 103°49'E (BMNH). – Thailand: 1 ex., Siam 15°53'N / 101°4'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Lower Siam, Pulo Butang, IV.1911, R. H. Coll., 5°18'N / 100°11'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Siam, Setul, H. N. Bidley, 1910–264 15°53'S / 101°4'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Siam, Bowring 63.47 15°53'N / 101°4'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Siam, Coll. Nonfried 15°53'N / 101°4'E (IRSN); 3 ex., Bankau Siam, III.1921, R. van Veon, 15°53'N / 101°4'E (NNML); 5ex., Thailand, Loei, Na-Hao, field res stat, 15.–18.V.2003, banana trap, J. Constant &amp; K. Smets, 17°25'N / 101°36'E (IRSN). Vietnam: 1 ex., Tonkin, Chana, 1916, R. Vitalis de Salvaza, 19°16'N / 105°19'E (BMNH); 1 ex., Tonkin, Hoabinh, A. de Cooman, B. M. 1940–13, 19°16'N / 105°19'E (BMNH); 7 ex., Riviere Claire, Haut Tonkin, Madon, R. Mus. Hist. Nat. Belg. I. G. 12.595, 19°16'N / 107°19'E (IRSN); 9 ex., Tonkin, Than-Moi, Juni-Juli, H. Fruhsdorfer, 19°16'N / 107°19'E (MNHU).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB879F6F0CFF84FF55FF2367BBFD56	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hazmi, Izfa Riza;Wagner, Thomas	Hazmi, Izfa Riza, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revalidation and revision of Ochralea Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from the Oriental Region. Zootaxa 2530: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.196518
03FB879F6F00FF85FF55FD1461DCF91B.text	03FB879F6F00FF85FF55FD1461DCF91B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ochralea wangkliana (Mohamedsaid 2005) Mohamedsaid 2005	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ochralea wangkliana (Mohamedsaid, 2005) ,  comb. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 11–16</p>
            <p> =  Monolepta wangkliana Mohamedsaid, 2005: 390 . </p>
            <p>Redescription. Total length: 12.40–14.40 mm (mean: 13.2 mm, n = 3)</p>
            <p>Head: Pale yellow or brownish. Very finely punctate, with a significant transverse impression between the posterior third of eyes, and a short median impression. Eyes large, strongly convex (Fig. 12). Labial and maxillary palpi slender, yellow basally, occasionally brownish towards the apex. Labrum and tip of mandible brown to black. Antenna filiform, elongate, three basal antennomeres pale to reddish-yellow and others dark brown to black. Length ratio of second to third antennomere, 0.85–0.92 (mean: 0.90); length ratio of third to fourth antennomere, 0.45–0.52 (mean: 0.49; fig. 13).</p>
            <p>Thorax: Pronotum narrow, smooth, finely punctate, convex from side to side, without any depression, yellow. Pronotal width 4.05–4.20 mm (mean: 4.08), length to width ratio, 0.63–0.65 (mean: 0.64; fig. 12), smooth and finely punctate. Scutellum triangular, impunctate, yellow. Elytra densely and significantly more coarsely punctured than pronotum, yellow. Elytral length, 9.65–10.60 mm (mean: 10.30 mm), maximal width of both elytra together, 6.80–7.00 mm (mean: 6.90 mm), ratio of maximal width of both elytra together to length of elytra 0.66–0.68 (mean: 0.67; fig. 12). Meso- and metathorax yellow. Legs long, and slender. Coxa and femur yellow, tibia and tarsi contrasting black.</p>
            <p>Abdomen: Yellow. Last visible sternite in females slightly convex at the apex, but with two deep, parallel incisions, one on either side, in males.</p>
            <p>Male genitalia: Median lobe very elongate and moderately curved, the basal half broad, and the apical half tapering towards the apex in dorsal view. Deeply incised at the apically with the basal orifice rounded. Tectum not reaching the apex of the median lobe (Fig. 14).</p>
            <p>Female genitalia: Spermatheca strongly sclerotized, particularly nodulus, cornu strongly curved and more or less rounded apically (fig. 15). One pair of poorly sclerotized bursal sclerites (fig. 16).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis:  Ochralea wangkliana has the same colouration as about one third of the  O. nigripes specimens examined. It is characterized by completely pale yellow to yellow dorsum, underside, three basal antennomeres, coxae and femora, and contrasting dark brown to black apical antennomeres, tibiae and tarsi.  Ochralea wangkliana are much larger, and  Ochralea specimens longer than 13.5 mm belong to this species. The best character to distinguish the two species is the median lobe, which is less curved and deeply incised apically, with the tectum not extending to the apex in  O. wangkliana (fig. 14). The median lobe in  O. nigripes is more strongly curved, shorter, and the tectum almost reaches the apex of the median lobe (fig. 9). The endophallic armature is similar. </p>
            <p> The spermatheca of  O. nigripes has the cornu terminating in a cap-like structure (fig. 10), whilst it is rounded in  O. wangkliana (fig. 15). The bursal sclerites are very similar to  O. nigripes (fig. 11), but consist of only one pair of slecrites (fig. 16). It is possible that  O. wangkliana may only represent very large specimens of  O. nigripes , and the differences found in external measurements and genital structures are caused by allometric effects. However, we think that the differences particularly in the shape of the median lobe, spermatheca and number of bursal sclerites, support a distinct species. </p>
            <p>Distribution: Only known from Wang Kelian Perlis, Malaysia</p>
            <p>Type material examined: Holotype: 3, Perlis, Kaki Bukit W. Kelian, 9 Dec 92, Zabidi, Sham, Saiful &amp; K’din (UKM); Type locality: Malaysia, 6°40'N / 100°11'E. Paratypes: 2 Ƥ, Perlis, Taman Negeri Wang Kelian, 29 Sept.–4.Oct 1999, Zabidi, Ismail &amp; Azman (UKM), 6°40'N / 100°11'E.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FB879F6F00FF85FF55FD1461DCF91B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Hazmi, Izfa Riza;Wagner, Thomas	Hazmi, Izfa Riza, Wagner, Thomas (2010): Revalidation and revision of Ochralea Clark, 1865 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from the Oriental Region. Zootaxa 2530: 47-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.196518
