identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FD357F970AFFE377927061A028FA20.text	03FD357F970AFFE377927061A028FA20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dicerca divaricata (Say 1823)	<div><p>Dicerca divaricata (Say) (Fig. 9)</p> <p>Range: northeastern Canada and United States, south to Georgia, west to Texas and North Dakota.</p> <p>Habitat: emergent or collected from many trees including maple, American elm, ash, oak, and eastern redbud; collected on but not reared from gymnospermous plant genera. Collection Method: emergence.</p> <p>Biology: infests heartwood, collected from stumps, polyphagous. Present Study: not significantly as- sociated with any substrate or forest type. References: Packard 1890; Blatchley 1910; Nelson 1975; Downie and Arnett 1996; MacRae 2006; Nelson et al. 2008; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F970AFFE377927061A028FA20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F970AFFE3779273E2A003F880.text	03FD357F970AFFE3779273E2A003F880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gastrellarius honestus (Say 1823)	<div><p>Gastrellarius honestus (Say) (Fig. 10)</p> <p>Range: northeastern Canada and United States, south to South Carolina, west to Michigan. Habitat: lowlands and mountains, mixed forests and thickets, in leaf litter, under bark. Collection Method: searching under loose bark, pitfall trapping, night searching with a head lamp, emergence. Biology: nocturnal, brachypterous, predacious, adults found overwintering in logs, larval habitat in decaying wood. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD3–4. References: Blatchley 1910 (as Pterostichus honestus Say); Lindroth 1961 –1969 (as P. honestus); Bousquet and Larochelle 1993; Downie and Arnett 1996; Ciegler 2000; Ball and Bousquet 2001; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F970AFFE3779273E2A003F880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9709FFE077927702A60FFC80.text	03FD357F9709FFE077927702A60FFC80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerambycidae Latreille 1802	<div><p>CERAMBYCIDAE</p> <p>A taxonomic treatment of all species of Cerambycidae known to occur in North American north of Mexico including keys, descriptions, synonymies, references, parasites, and ecological data was prepared by E. G. Linsley and J. A. Chemsak (Linsley 1961, 1962a,b, 1963, 1964; Chemsak 1963; Linsley and Chemsak 1972, 1976, 1984, 1995, 1997). A host plant index for Cerambycidae is found in Linsley and Chemsak (1997). Keys to species and photographs of all Cerambycidae known from the eastern United States may be found in Lingafelter (2007). Cerambycidae of northeastern North America are treated in a field guide by Yanega (1996).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE077927702A60FFC80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9709FFE0779276C2A01CFB60.text	03FD357F9709FFE0779276C2A01CFB60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lamiinae Latreille 1825	<div><p>Lamiinae</p> <p>Eupogonius pauper LeConte (Fig. 12)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Florida, west to Texas and Kansas. Habitat: recorded from 19+ trees, shrubs, and vines including maple, hickory, oak, walnut, ash, cherry, and mulberry. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: flight period March to August. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD1 and secondary forest. References: Linsley and Chemsak 1984, 1997; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Lingafelter 2007; Majka et al. 2011.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE0779276C2A01CFB60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9709FFE0779271A2A58AFA60.text	03FD357F9709FFE0779271A2A58AFA60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylus transversus (Gyllenhal 1817)	<div><p>Leptostylus transversus (Gyllenhal) (Fig. 13)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Florida and northeast Mexico, west to Arizona, Kansas, and South Dakota. Habitat: recorded from 23+ species of mostly hardwoods including maple, hickory, oak, walnut, ash, cherry, and pine. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: flight period year round, spring to summer in northern range. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in secondary forest. References: Linsley and Chemsak 1995, 1997; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Lingafelter 2007.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE0779271A2A58AFA60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9709FFE0779270A1A0E6F980.text	03FD357F9709FFE0779270A1A0E6F980.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microgoes oculatus (LeConte 1862)	<div><p>Microgoes oculatus (LeConte) (Fig. 14)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Alabama, west to Illinois. Habitat: recorded from many plants including dogwood, beech, oak, cottonwood, hickory, maple, and pine. Collection Method: emergence.</p> <p>Biology: flight period June to August, feeds under bark and enters wood to pupate. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in primary forest. References: Linsley and Chemsak 1984, 1997; Downie and Arnett 1996; Turnbow and Thomas 2002; Lingafelter 2007; Majka et al. 2011.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE0779270A1A0E6F980	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9709FFE077927462A720FDE0.text	03FD357F9709FFE077927462A720FDE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mioptachys flavicauda (Say 1823)	<div><p>Mioptachys flavicauda (Say) (Fig. 11)</p> <p>Range: northeastern Canada and United States, south to Florida and west to California. Habitat: lowlands, forested areas, under bark, in decaying logs and woodchips. Collection Method: searching under loose bark, sifting/ Berlese wood chips, carrion traps, emergence. Biology: nocturnal, associated with dead and dying hardwood trees, probably capable of flight, predatory, adults overwinter, feeds on mites and springtails. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Ulke 1903 (as Tachys flavicauda Say); Blatchley 1910 (as T. flavicauda); Lindroth 1961 –1969 (as T. flavicauda); Nelson 1991; Bousquet and Larochelle 1993; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Ciegler 2000; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE077927462A720FDE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9709FFE0779273C2A62AF8A0.text	03FD357F9709FFE0779273C2A62AF8A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Urographis fasciatus (DeGeer)	<div><p>Urographis fasciatus (DeGeer) (Fig. 15)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Florida, west to Texas and Wisconsin. Habitat: recorded from 15+ trees including maple, hichory, walnut, oak, elm, and pine. Collection Method: emergence.</p> <p>Biology: flight period April to September. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in primary forest. References: Packard 1890; Linsley and Chemsak 1995, 1997; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Lingafelter 2007.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9709FFE0779273C2A62AF8A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9708FFE177927642A038FBE0.text	03FD357F9708FFE177927642A038FBE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cerylonidae Billberg 1820	<div><p>CERYLONIDAE</p> <p>Cerylon castaneum Say (Fig. 18)</p> <p>Range: northern and eastern North America, British Columbia east to Maine, south to Texas. Habitat: under bark of maple, beech, and spruce. Collection Method: emergence, searching under bark of dead logs. Biology: collected from numerous fungi, larvae collected in July under bark. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in primary forest. References: Blatchley 1910; Lawrence and Stephan 1975; Lawrence 1982a; Downie and Arnett 1996; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE177927642A038FBE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9708FFE1779275A2A5BCFE20.text	03FD357F9708FFE1779275A2A5BCFE20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lepturinae	<div><p>Lepturinae</p> <p>Analeptura lineola Say (Fig. 16)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Florida, west to Ontario. Habitat: recorded from birch, hornbeam, Ostrya virginiana (Mill.) K. Koch, and pine. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: flight period May to August, attracted to flowers including goatsbeard, hydrangea, grape, false Solomon’s seal. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD2. References: Linsley and Chemsak 1976, 1997; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Turnbow and Thomas 2002; Lingafelter 2007; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE1779275A2A5BCFE20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9708FFE177927122A649FAC0.text	03FD357F9708FFE177927122A649FAC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mychocerus striatus (Sen Gupta and Crowson)	<div><p>Mychocerus striatus (Sen Gupta and Crowson) (Fig. 19)</p> <p>Range: North Carolina, Tennessee. Habitat: forests, under and in rotten logs, rarely leaf litter. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese litter, rotten wood, emergence chamber. Biology: larvae and adults possess piercing mouthparts, probably a fungivore, brachypterous. Ferro et al. (2012a): significantly more abundant in CWD5, secondary forest, and spring. Present Study: significantly higher abun- dance in CWD3–4 and secondary forest. References: Sen Gupta and Crowson 1973 (as Lapecautomus striatus Sen Gupta and Crowson); Lawrence and Stephan 1975 (as Lapethus striatus (Sen Gupta and Crowson)); Lawrence 1982a.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE177927122A649FAC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9708FFE177927002A098F9C0.text	03FD357F9708FFE177927002A098F9C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Philothermus glabriculus (LeConte)	<div><p>Philothermus glabriculus (LeConte) (Fig. 20)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, Ontario and Maine south to Florida and west to Texas. Habitat: rotten logs, sawdust piles, leaf litter, tree holes, and forest debris. Collection Method: searching under bark of dead logs, malt traps, emergence, sifting/ Berlese. Biology: found under bark of maple, hickory, beech, pine, oak, hemlock, and elm. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Blatchley 1910; Lawrence and Stephan 1975; Lawrence 1982a; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Gimmel and Slipinski 2007; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE177927002A098F9C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9708FFE177927762A5BCFD20.text	03FD357F9708FFE177927762A5BCFD20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Trachysida mutabilis (Newman 1841)	<div><p>Trachysida mutabilis (Newman) (Fig. 17)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, west to Georgia and Alberta. Habitat: recorded from 17+ hardwoods including oak, maple, beech, and elm. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: flight period April to July, females deposit pink scaly eggs under bark of decaying wood, larvae mine the wood and adults emerge through circular holes. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD2, CWD1, and primary forest. References: Linsley and Chemsak 1976, 1997; Downie and Arnett 1996; Lingafelter 2007; Majka et al. 2011.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFE177927762A5BCFD20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9708FFEE779273A1A0C7FE80.text	03FD357F9708FFEE779273A1A0C7FE80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ceracis singularis (Dury 1917)	<div><p>Ceracis singularis (Dury) (Fig. 21)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Florida, west to Texas and Ontario. Habitat: collected from fruiting bodies of 18+ fungi, including Polyporus gilvus (Schw.) Fries and Fomes robiniae (Murrill) Sacc. and D. Sacc. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: breeds in polypore fungi. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD2 and secondary forest. References: Lawrence 1967, 1971, 1982b; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998.</p> <p>Octotemnus laevis Casey (Fig. 22)</p> <p>Range: widespread throughout northern North America from Alaska to Nova Scotia, south into California, Kansas, and Alabama. Habitat: recorded from 14+ fungi, especially associated with Coriolus spp. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: breeds in polypore fungi. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD1 and primary forest. References: Blatchley 1910; Lawrence 1971, 1973, 1982b; Downie and Arnett 1996; Thayer and Lawrence 2002; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9708FFEE779273A1A0C7FE80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9707FFEF77927262A064FF00.text	03FD357F9707FFEF77927262A064FF00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apteromechus ferratus (Say)	<div><p>Apteromechus ferratus (Say) (Fig. 27)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America south to Florida, west to Michigan and Missouri. Habitat: collected from chestnut, sassafras, in branches of red bay, under bark of beech, possibly from oak. Collection Method: at lights, emergence. Biology: unknown other than host plants. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in secondary forest. References: Blatchley and Leng 1916; Whitehead 1979; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Anderson 2002; Ciegler 2010.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEF77927262A064FF00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9707FFEE77927062A1F4FA20.text	03FD357F9707FFEE77927062A1F4FA20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caulophilus dubius (Horn 1873)	<div><p>Caulophilus dubius (Horn) (Fig. 25)</p> <p>Range: throughout eastern United States: New York to Florida, west to Michigan and Texas. Habitat: under bark of dead trees and Vitis (grape) vine, in leaf litter and tree holes. Collection Method: searching under bark and sifting/Berlese leaf litter and rotten wood, emergence. Biology: unknown. Ferro et al. (2012a): significantly more abundant in leaf litter and spring, indifferent to forest. Present Study: significantly more abundant in FWD1 and primary forest. References: Blatchley and Leng 1916 (as Allomimus dubius Horn); Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Ciegler 2010.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE77927062A1F4FA20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9707FFEE779274A2A1D2FDC0.text	03FD357F9707FFEE779274A2A1D2FDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cryptophagidae	<div><p>CRYPTOPHAGIDAE</p> <p>Atomaria, Cryptophagus, and at least four other genera in this family contain undescribed species and need to be revised. Existing literature was inadequate for confident species-level identification.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE779274A2A1D2FDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9707FFEE779271C2A518FB20.text	03FD357F9707FFEE779271C2A518FB20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Curculionidae Latreille 1802	<div><p>CURCULIONIDAE</p> <p>Cossoninae</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE779271C2A518FB20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9707FFEE77927362A594F923.text	03FD357F9707FFEE77927362A594F923.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stenoscelis brevis (Boheman)	<div><p>Stenoscelis brevis (Boheman) (Fig. 26)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Florida, west to Kansas. Habitat: under bark, hollow tree, emergent from apple wood. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese, emergence. Biology: associated with dead hardwood trees. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD2 and secondary forest.</p> <p>References: Packard 1890; Blatchley and Leng 1916; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Ciegler 2010; Majka et al. 2011.</p> <p>Cryptorhynchinae</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9707FFEE77927362A594F923	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9706FFEF77927442A741FDE0.text	03FD357F9706FFEF77927442A741FDE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cophes fallax (LeConte 1876)	<div><p>Cophes fallax (LeConte) (Fig. 28)</p> <p>Comments. Cophes Champion needs to be revised and redefined. The last treatment (Sleeper 1955) does not cover all species in North America. Range: eastern North America, south to Florida and west to Texas. Habitat: emergent from hickory limbs dead two years and Cassia sp., collected from maple, woods trash, hollow tree. Collection Method: at lights, sifting, emergence. Biology: unknown other than host plants. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD1 and primary forest. References: Blatchley and Leng 1916 (as Cryptorhynchus fallax LeConte); Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Anderson 2002; Ciegler 2010.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF77927442A741FDE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9706FFEF779277E2A019FCA0.text	03FD357F9706FFEF779277E2A019FCA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dryophthorus americanus (Bedel)	<div><p>Dryophthorus americanus (Bedel) (Fig. 29)</p> <p>Range: throughout eastern North America. Habitat: “very old logs”, dead pine, forest litter. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese litter, collecting under bark, flight intercept trap, UV light, emergence chamber. Biology: breeds under bark of dead pines, winged. Ferro et al. (2012a): significantly higher abundance in CWD5, secondary forest, and spring. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD1, CWD2, and primary forest. References: Blatchley and Leng 1916; Anderson 2002; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Ciegler 2010; Majka et al. 2011.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF779277E2A019FCA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9706FFEF779276E2A7E0FB60.text	03FD357F9706FFEF779276E2A7E0FB60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scolytinae	<div><p>Scolytinae</p> <p>Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff (Fig. 30)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Florida and west to Texas. Habitat: reported from 27+ tree species including hardwoods and softwoods (see Atkinson et al. 1990 for a complete list). Collection Method: Lindgren funnel trap with ethanol, MV and UV lights, emergence. Biology: introduced species from Asia, first collected in North America in 1988. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Atkinson et al. 1990; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Vandenberg et al. 2000; Majka et al. 2011.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF779276E2A7E0FB60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9706FFEF779271A2A596FA80.text	03FD357F9706FFEF779271A2A596FA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky)	<div><p>Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky) (Fig. 31)</p> <p>Range: northeastern United States, west to Texas. Habitat: attacks landscape and nursery stock.</p> <p>Collection Method: emergence, Frontalin-baited trap. Biology: introduced species from Asia, reported to attack cut or injured trees 1.5 cm diameter to large logs. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in secondary forest. References: Wood 1982 (and references therein); Peck and Thomas 1998; Rabaglia 2003.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF779271A2A596FA80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9706FFEF779270C2A0B5F8E0.text	03FD357F9706FFEF779270C2A0B5F8E0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford)	<div><p>Xylosandrus germanus (Blandford) (Fig. 32)</p> <p>Range: northeastern United States, west to Illinois, south to Tennessee. Habitat: inhabits unthrifty branches, boles, and stumps of a wide variety of hosts. Collection Method: emergence, traps. Biology: introduced species from Asia, generally attacks injured or dying trees, but will attack seemingly healthy trees as well, Hoffmann (1941) provides data on life history within the United States. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD1 and primary forest. References: Hoffmann 1941; Wood 1982; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Rabaglia 2003; Majka et al. 2011.</p> <p>Xyloterinus politus (Say) (Fig. 33)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Florida, west to Minnesota. Habitat: numerous hardwoods including maple, hickory, beech, oak, elm, occasionally pine. Collection Method: emergence, traps.</p> <p>Biology: monogamous. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD1 and primary forest.</p> <p>References: Wood 1982; Downie and Arnett 1996; Anderson 2002; Majka et al. 2011.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9706FFEF779270C2A0B5F8E0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9705FFEC77927742A11FFD20.text	03FD357F9705FFEC77927742A11FFD20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampedus areolatus (Say 1823)	<div><p>Ampedus areolatus (Say) (Fig. 34)</p> <p>Range: northeastern United States, south to Tennessee, west to Wyoming. Habitat: poorly known.</p> <p>Collection Method: collected at lights, emergence, beaten from vegetation at the margins of low woods.</p> <p>Biology: poorly known. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD2 and primary forest.</p> <p>References: LeConte 1853 (as Elater areolatus Say); Blatchley 1910 (as E. areolatus); Dietrich 1945; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Majka and Johnson 2008; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC77927742A11FFD20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9705FFEC77927662A778FC60.text	03FD357F9705FFEC77927662A778FC60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampedus luteolus (LeConte)	<div><p>Ampedus luteolus (LeConte) (Fig. 35)</p> <p>Range: northeastern United States, south to Tennessee, west to Indiana. Habitat: poorly known.</p> <p>Collection Method: beating foliage, emergence. Biology: poorly known. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: LeConte 1853 (as Elater luteolus LeConte); Dietrich 1945; Downie and Arnett 1996.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC77927662A778FC60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9705FFEC779276A2A6B6FB80.text	03FD357F9705FFEC779276A2A6B6FB80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ampedus semicinctus (Randall 1838)	<div><p>Ampedus semicinctus (Randall) (Fig. 36)</p> <p>Range: northeastern United States, south to Tennessee, west to Indiana. Habitat: collected in spruce, pine, hemlock, and fir forests. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: collected under loose pine bark and beating oak. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type.</p> <p>References: LeConte 1853 (as Elater semicinctus Randall); Dietrich 1945; Downie and Arnett 1996; Majka and Johnson 2008; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC779276A2A6B6FB80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9705FFEC77927061A796FA40.text	03FD357F9705FFEC77927061A796FA40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bystus ulkei (Crotch 1873)	<div><p>Bystus ulkei (Crotch) (Fig. 37)</p> <p>Range: eastern United States, Pennsylvania south to Florida, west to Missouri. Habitat: collected from old fungus-covered logs. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: poorly known. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Crotch 1873 (as Alexia ulkei Crotch); Blatchley 1910 (as Rhymbus ulkei (Crotch)); Boving and Craighead 1930 (as R. ulkei); Strohecker 1986; Peck and Thomas 1998; Shockley et al. 2009.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC77927061A796FA40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9705FFEC779275A2A708FE00.text	03FD357F9705FFEC779275A2A708FE00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elateridae Leach 1815	<div><p>ELATERIDAE</p> <p>Elateridae are the ninth most diverse family of beetles in the world but are poorly known and most North American genera are in need of revision (see Johnson 2002b). Three species of Ampedus Dejean are highlighted below. No comprehensive key exists to separate the 71 species of Ampedus known from North America. Partial keys may be found in the following: LeConte (1853, 1884) (as Elater L.); Van Dyke (1932) (as Elater “cordifer group”); Blatchley (1910) (Indiana and surrounding states); Dietrich (1945) (northeastern United States); Brooks (1960) (central Canada); Lane 1971 (Pacific Northwest); and Downie and Arnett 1996 (northeastern North America). An unpublished thesis (Ramberg 1979) may be helpful to anyone wishing to revise this genus.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC779275A2A708FE00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9705FFEC77927362A7FFF8E3.text	03FD357F9705FFEC77927362A7FFF8E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eucinetidae Lacordaire 1857	<div><p>EUCINETIDAE</p> <p>Tohlezkus inexpectus Vit (Fig. 38)</p> <p>Range: Sevier Co., Tennessee, and Macon Co., North Carolina. Habitat: rotten wood, very rarely in leaf litter. Collection Method: dung trap, sifting/Berlese litter and CWD5, emergence chamber. Biology: adults have unique suctorial mouthparts, possibly feed on slime molds. Ferro et al. (2012a): significantly higher abundance in CWD5, primary forest, and spring; previously known from five specimens (Vit 1995 and C. E. Carlton collection). Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD2, CWD3–4, and primary forest. References: Vit 1995.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9705FFEC77927362A7FFF8E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9704FFED77927062A51EF963.text	03FD357F9704FFED77927062A51EF963.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Histeridae Gyllenhal 1808	<div><p>HISTERIDAE</p> <p>Many genera within this family are in need of revision. Keys do not exist for most species.</p> <p>Bacanius tantillus LeConte (Fig. 43)</p> <p>Range: probably throughout eastern United States, reported from Pennsylvania, New York, Indiana, Tennessee, and Louisiana. Habitat: reported from leaf litter and decaying wood. Collection Method: emergence, sifting/ Berlese. Biology: reported from dry organic debris in tree cavities and sawdust piles, feeds mainly on fungal spores. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Horn 1873; Casey 1893 (key to most species); Blatchley 1910; Wenzel 1960; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Kovarik and Caterino 2002.</p> <p>LEIODIDAE</p> <p>Leiodinae</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9704FFED77927062A51EF963	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9704FFED77927462A05AFE40.text	03FD357F9704FFED77927462A05AFE40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isarthrus rufipes (Melsheimer 1844)	<div><p>Isarthrus rufipes (Melsheimer) (Fig. 39)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America, south to Georgia, west to Oklahoma. Habitat: emergent from badly decayed beech and caught running on beech. Collection Method: emergence, malaise trap.</p> <p>Biology: overwinter as larvae. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in primary forest.</p> <p>References: Dury 1888 (as Deltometopus rufipes (Melsheimer)); Knull 1947 (as Del. rufipes); Downie and Arnett 1996 (as Dromaeolus rufipes (Melsheimer)); Muona 2000.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9704FFED77927462A05AFE40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9704FFED77927482A5CAFB40.text	03FD357F9704FFED77927482A5CAFB40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Isorhipis obliqua (Say 1839)	<div><p>Isorhipis obliqua (Say) (Fig. 40)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America, south to Georgia, west to Texas and Wyoming. Habitat: in deciduous and spruce forests, emergent from beech, elm, birch, and heartwood of decayed maple. Collection Method: emergence, flight intercept trap. Biology: larvae bore from sapwood to heartwood and return to surface to pupate, adults and immatures overwinter, pupal stage is very short, may produce mating swarms. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD2 and secondary forest. References: Knull 1946; Peterson 1960 (illustrated larva); Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Muona 2000; Majka 2007b; Majka et al. 2011.</p> <p>Melasis pectinicornis Melsheimer (Fig. 41)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America, south to Florida, west to Louisiana. Habitat: reported from maple, blackgum, oak, elm, birch, and beech. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: under bark of fallen maple and blackgum, emergent from dead birch and beech. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD2 and secondary forest. References: Dury 1888; Blatchley 1910; Kirk 1922; Hopping 1926; Peterson 1960 (illustrated larva); Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Muona 2000.</p> <p>Microrhagus subsinuatus LeConte (Fig. 42)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America, south to North Carolina, west to Wisconsin. Habitat: emergence from dead decayed beech, collected from alder, swept from milkweed. Collection Method: emergence, flight intercept trap, on vegetation. Biology: reported to be active on dead beech in daytime in June.</p> <p>Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Dury 1888; Knull 1946 (as Dirhagus imperfectus (LeConte)); Downie and Arnett 1996; Muona 2000; Majka 2007b; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9704FFED77927482A5CAFB40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9703FFEA779277E1A603FC00.text	03FD357F9703FFEA779277E1A603FC00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dircaea liturata (LeConte 1866)	<div><p>Dircaea liturata (LeConte) (Fig. 45)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America, south to Tennessee, west to Missouri. Habitat: collected on moss of beech and maple trees, under dead maple bark. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: members of this tribe are considered xylophagous. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in primary forest. References: Felt 1906 (as Phloeotrya liturata LeConte); Blatchley 1910 (as Phloeotrya quadrimaculata Say); Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Pollock 2002a; Majka et al. 2011.</p> <p>Hypulus simulator Newman (Fig. 46)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America south to Mississippi. Habitat: poorly known. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: poorly known. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Packard 1890; Downie and Arnett 1996 (as Mystaxus simulator Newman); Pollock 2002a; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9703FFEA779277E1A603FC00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9703FFEA77927762A116FDA3.text	03FD357F9703FFEA77927762A116FDA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Melandryidae Leach 1815	<div><p>MELANDRYIDAE</p> <p>Many genera within this family are in need of revision. Keys do not exist for most species.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9703FFEA77927762A116FDA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9703FFEA77927122A666FB20.text	03FD357F9703FFEA77927122A666FB20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptiliidae	<div><p>PTILIIDAE</p> <p>Ptiliidae are one of the least known families of Coleoptera. Most genera are in need of revision and many genera and species remain to be described. Until genera are revised identification to species will remain difficult or impossible.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9703FFEA77927122A666FB20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9703FFEA77927062A118FA60.text	03FD357F9703FFEA77927062A118FA60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ptiliidae	<div><p>Ptiliidae gen. spp. (Fig. 47)</p> <p>Range: throughout North America. Habitat: moist areas with decaying plant and animal matter. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese organic material, flight intercept trap, emergence chamber. Biology: probably general detritivores. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD2, CWD2, and primary forest. References: Blatchley 1910; Dybas 1990; Downie and Arnett 1996; Hall 2001.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9703FFEA77927062A118FA60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9702FFEB77927742A0D1FD00.text	03FD357F9702FFEB77927742A0D1FD00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anobiinae Fleming 1821	<div><p>Anobiinae</p> <p>Oligomerus obtusus LeConte (Fig. 50)</p> <p>Range: northeastern Canada and United States, south to Tennessee, west to Michigan. Habitat: reared from beech. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: unknown other than host plant. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD2 and secondary forest. References: Blatchley 1910; Champlain and Knull 1922; White 1962, 1976, 1982; Downie and Arnett 1996.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB77927742A0D1FD00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9702FFEB779270C2A615F9A0.text	03FD357F9702FFEB779270C2A615F9A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dendroides concolor (Newman 1838)	<div><p>Dendroides concolor (Newman) (Fig. 53)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Tennessee, west to Minnesota. Habitat: larvae subcortical on the lower side of logs. Collection Method: at lights, beating foliage, emergence. Biology: swarming in males reported. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in primary forest. References: Packard 1890; MacGillivray and Houghton 1902; Blatchley 1910; Young 1975, 1983, 2002; Downie and Arnett 1996; Majka et al. 2011.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB779270C2A615F9A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9702FFEB77927642A154FC00.text	03FD357F9702FFEB77927642A154FC00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Priobium sericeum (Say 1825)  1825	<div><p>Priobium sericeum (Say) (Fig. 51)</p> <p>Range: northeastern United States, south to Florida, west to Texas, and north to Minnesota. Habitat: dead branches of oak, cherry, and hickory, emergent from dry mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.), occasionally in flooring and furniture. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: unknown other than host plants. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD1, CWD1, and primary forest.</p> <p>References: Champlain and Knull 1922 (as Trypopitys sericeus (Say)); White 1962 (as T. sericeus), 1982; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Majka 2007a; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB77927642A154FC00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9702FFEB77927122A739FA80.text	03FD357F9702FFEB77927122A739FA80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pyrochroidae	<div><p>PYROCHROIDAE</p> <p>Dendroides canadensis Latreille (Fig. 52)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America, south to Florida, west to North Dakota. Habitat: larvae subcortical on the upper side of dead logs. Collection Method: at lights, beating foliage, emergence. Biology: reared larvae required wood inoculated by fungi to fully develop but could survive on sterilized wood, larval predators include millipedes, Elateridae larvae, and fly larvae, larvae are attached by the para- site Zelia vertebrata (Say) (Diptera: Tachinidae). Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD2, CWD2, and primary forest. References: Payne 1931; Young 1975, 1983, 2002; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB77927122A739FA80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9702FFEB779273E2A766F880.text	03FD357F9702FFEB779273E2A766F880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhysodidae Laporte de Castelnau 1840	<div><p>RHYSODIDAE</p> <p>Clinidium baldufi Bell (Fig. 54)</p> <p>Range: Pennsylvania south to Florida and west to Missouri. Habitat: Collected from American chestnut and white oak. Collection Method: emergence chamber. Biology: under bark of moist rotting wood of logs or stumps, brachypterous. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Bell 1970; Bell and Bell 1985; Bousquet and Larochelle 1993; Downie and Arnett 1996; Peck and Thomas 1998; Ciegler 2000.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9702FFEB779273E2A766F880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9701FFE8779277F8A1CCFC09.text	03FD357F9701FFE8779277F8A1CCFC09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aleocharinae Fleming 1821	<div><p>Aleocharinae gen. spp. (Fig. 56)</p> <p>Comments. These specimens could not be reliably identified to genus. Aleocharinae are the largest subfamily of Staphylinidae with 21 tribes, 183 genera, and 1385 described species known from North America and are badly in need of a comprehensive revision. See Newton et al. (2001) and references therein, for further information about this subfamily. Range: throughout North America. Habitat: ubiquitous in terrestrial habitats. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese organic material, pitfall traps, bait traps, UV light, emergence chamber. Biology: virtually every mode of life (many very specialized) is known in this subfamily: free living, parasitic, herbivore, carnivore, fungivore, flier, walker, runner, swimmer, social, solitary, etc., but life history is almost unknown at the species level. Ferro et al. (2012a): indifferent to substrate, forest type, and season. Present Study: significantly higher abun- dance FWD1, CWD2, and primary forest. References: Downie and Arnett 1996; Newton et al. 2001.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9701FFE8779277F8A1CCFC09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9701FFE977927174A7E8FEC0.text	03FD357F9701FFE977927174A7E8FEC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Athetini	<div><p>Athetini gen. spp. (Fig. 57)</p> <p>Comments. These specimens could only be reliably identified to Athetini, which is a very large difficult tribe. Seevers’ (1978) characterization of the tribe and genera is inadequate. Currently 64 genera are recognized within the tribe in North America (Newton et al. 2001) but a complete revision is needed. Gusarov (2002a –e, 2003a–e, 2004a–b) has greatly contributed to our knowledge of many genera and Elven et al. (2010) provided the first molecular phylogeny of the tribe, but more work needs to be done. Range: throughout North America. Habitat: ubiquitous; decaying plants and animals, dung, bird and mammal nests, riparian areas, ant nests, under bark and logs. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese organic material, emergence. Biology: unknown; predators. Ferro et al. (2012a): significantly higher abundance in leaf litter and spring, indifferent to forest type. Present Study: not significantly associ- ated with any substrate or forest type. References: Seevers 1978; Downie and Arnett 1996; Newton et al. 2001; Gusarov 2002a –e, 2003a–e, 2004a–b; Elven et al. 2010.</p> <p>Atheta spp. (Fig. 58)</p> <p>Comments. These specimens could only be reliably identified to the genus Atheta Thomson. Gusarov (2003e) discussed the varying definitions of the genus and reviewed the types of the known species. Newton et al. (2001) report 176 species known in North America (as Xenota Mulsant and Rey). Range: throughout North America. Habitat: ubiquitous; decaying plants and animals, dung, bird and mam- mal nests, riparian areas, ant nests, under bark and logs. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese organic material, flight intercept trap, emergence. Biology: unknown, predators. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD2 and primary forest. References: Blatchley 1910; Downie and Arnett 1996 (as Xenota sp.); Peck and Thomas 1998; Newton et al. 2001 (as Xenota sp.); Gusarov 2003e; Majka et al. 2011.</p> <p>Leptusa carolinensis Pace (Fig. 59)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America south to North Carolina, west to Quebec. Habitat: occurs in sugar maple, red spruce, black spruce, and young, mature, and old growth red spruce/hemlock forests. Collection Method: pitfall traps, flight intercept traps, emergence. Biology: found under bark of beech, under maple log, in bracket fungi, associated with woody debris. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Pace 1989; Klimaszewski et al. 2004; Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007; Webster et al. 2009; Park et al. 2010.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9701FFE977927174A7E8FEC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9701FFE877927462A51CFE00.text	03FD357F9701FFE877927462A51CFE00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhinosimus viridiaeneus (Randall)	<div><p>Rhinosimus viridiaeneus (Randall) (Fig. 55)</p> <p>Range: northern North America from British Columbia to Maine, south to Indiana and Tennessee.</p> <p>Habitat: damp, shaded sites in association with dead wood, hanging dead leaves, moss, under lichens.</p> <p>Collection Method: beating dead branches, emergence. Biology: adults feed on bark of unthrifty alder and maple twigs, larvae feed on inner brown bark (see Howden and Howden (1981) notes on life history). Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD1 and primary forest. References: Blatchley 1910; Blair 1932; Howden and Howden 1981; Downie and Arnett 1996; Pollock 2002b; Majka et al. 2011.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9701FFE877927462A51CFE00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9700FFE977927401A0E9FDC0.text	03FD357F9700FFE977927401A0E9FDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptusa cribratula (Casey 1906)	<div><p>Leptusa cribratula (Casey) (Fig. 60)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America south to Florida, west to Ohio. Habitat: poorly known. Collection Method: hand collecting, emergence. Biology: collected from under pine bark, associated with woody debris, adults have been collected year round. Pace (1989) reported Casey (1906) taking this species under bark of old chestnuts, but no mention of this could be found. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Casey 1906 (as Ulitusa cribratula Casey); Downie and Arnett 1996; Klimaszewski et al. 2004; Gouix and Klimaszewski 2007.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9700FFE977927401A0E9FDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9700FFE977927701A5B7FCE0.text	03FD357F9700FFE977927701A5B7FCE0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptusa pusio (Casey 1906)	<div><p>Leptusa pusio (Casey) (Fig. 61)</p> <p>Range: Ohio, Tennessee. Habitat: forest leaf litter. Collection Method: sifting leaf litter (with Berlese funnel), and collected from dead wood with emergence chamber. Biology: unknown. Ferro et al. (2012a): significantly higher abundance in CWD5, primary forest, and spring. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in primary forest. References: Downie and Arnett 1996; Gusarov 2003e; Park et al. 2010.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9700FFE977927701A5B7FCE0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9700FFE977927082A6DCF880.text	03FD357F9700FFE977927082A6DCF880.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pselaphinae Latreille 1802	<div><p>Pselaphinae</p> <p>Adranes lecontei Brendel (Fig. 64)</p> <p>Range: Kentucky, Mississippi, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee. Habitat: lives in nests of Lasius spp. ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae); nests have been found in beech logs in advance stages of decay.</p> <p>Collection Method: sifting Lasius spp. ant nests, rarely sifting/Berlese forest litter. Biology: obligate myrmecophile on Lasius spp. ants; adults feed on fluids obtained from their adult and immature hosts; possibly feed on dead immature ants; see Park (1932a) and Akre and Hill (1973) for interesting behavioral observations of the genus. Ferro et al. (2012a): significantly higher abundance in secondary forest, indifferent to substrate or season, probably heavily influenced by their host. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD3–4 and secondary forest. References: Wickham 1901; Blatchley 1910; Park 1932a (with notes on life history), 1935, 1964; Akre and Hill 1973; Hill et al. 1976; Downie and Arnett 1996; Newton et al. 2001.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9700FFE977927082A6DCF880	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F9700FFE9779271C2A5BCFA40.text	03FD357F9700FFE9779271C2A5BCFA40.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thoracophorus costalis (Erichson 1840)	<div><p>Thoracophorus costalis (Erichson) (Fig. 63)</p> <p>Range: throughout eastern North America: New Jersey to Florida, west to Louisiana and Illinois.</p> <p>Habitat: under bark, in dead wood, forest litter. Collection Method: sifting litter, debris, and dead wood (with Berlese funnel), emergence chamber. Biology: unknown. Ferro et al. (2012a): signifi- cantly higher abundance in CWD5, secondary forest, and spring. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD2, CWD3–4, and primary forest. References: Horn 1871 (as Glyptoma costale Erichson, figure and key to common species in North America); Blatchley 1910; Notman 1920; Irmler 1985; Downie and Arnett 1996 (figure is not T. costalis); Peck and Thomas 1998; Ferro and Gimmel 2011; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F9700FFE9779271C2A5BCFA40	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973FFFD677927241A747F8C0.text	03FD357F973FFFD677927241A747F8C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euconnus (Napochus)	<div><p>Euconnus (Napochus) spp. Thomson (Fig. 70)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927241A747F8C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973FFFD677927221A752F8A0.text	03FD357F973FFFD677927221A752F8A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euconnus (Scopophus)	<div><p>Euconnus (Scopophus) n. sp. Casey (Fig. 71)</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927221A752F8A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973FFFD677927742A51CFD20.text	03FD357F973FFFD677927742A51CFD20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptoplectus pertenuis (Casey 1884)	<div><p>Leptoplectus pertenuis (Casey) (Fig. 66)</p> <p>Range: eastern United States, Pennsylvania south to Florida, west to Iowa. Habitat: reported from log mold, tree holes, and sawdust. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese, emergence. Biology: unknown, members of this subfamily are predacious. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD2 and CWD3–4. References: Wagner 1975; Grigarick and Schuster; Peck and Thomas 1998; Newton et al. 2001.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927742A51CFD20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973FFFD677927322A0C6F900.text	03FD357F973FFFD677927322A0C6F900.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scydmaeninae Leach 1815	<div><p>Scydmaeninae</p> <p>Nearly all the genera in the subfamily Scydmaeninae are in need of revision. Many have numerous undescribed species and/or have not been treated in the last 50–100 years. Until genera are revised identification to species will remain difficult or impossible. See O’Keefe (2001) (and references therein) and Grebennikov and Newton (2009) for up-to-date literature on the subfamily.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD677927322A0C6F900	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973FFFD777927201A092FE60.text	03FD357F973FFFD777927201A092FE60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Euconnus (Scopophus)	<div><p>Euconnus (Scopophus) spp. Casey (Fig. 72)</p> <p>Range: mostly midwest, northeast, and southeastern United States. Habitat: forest floor litter, moss, tree holes, rotting logs, and other moist habitats. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese litter, pitfalls, flight intercept traps, UV lights, looking under stones. Biology: adults and immatures feed on oribatid mites. Ferro et al. (2012a): only Euconnus (Napochus) sp. was found in significantly higher abundance in leaf litter and secondary forest. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Blatchley 1910; Downie and Arnett 1996 (usefulness of keys uncertain); Peck and Thomas 1998; O’Keefe 2001; Grebennikov and Newton 2009; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973FFFD777927201A092FE60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973EFFD777927761A030FD20.text	03FD357F973EFFD777927761A030FD20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hesperus apicialis (Say 1830)	<div><p>Hesperus apicialis (Say) (Fig. 73)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America, southern Quebec south to Florida, west to Kansas and Nebraska.</p> <p>Habitat: found on old trees, fermenting sap under bark of oak, decaying wood of old fallen trees. Collection Method: at lights, malt trap, sifting/Berlese, emergence. Biology: poorly known. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in primary forest. References: Horn 1884 (as Philonthus apicalis (Say)); Blatchley 1910 (as Hesperus apicalis (Say)); Moore 1958; Frank 1983; Smetana 1995; Downie and Arnett 1996 (as H. apicalis); Peck and Thomas 1998; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973EFFD777927761A030FD20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973EFFD777927142A000FB20.text	03FD357F973EFFD777927142A000FB20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sepedophilus cinctulus (Erichson 1839)	<div><p>Sepedophilus cinctulus (Erichson) (Fig. 75)</p> <p>Range: northeastern North America, south to Mississippi, west to Kansas. Habitat: specimens have been taken from under loose bark, mushrooms, dead logs, and trees holes. Collection Method: sifting/ Berlese, emergence. Biology: this species is recorded from 8+ fungi and slime mold species (see Newton 1984). Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD2 and secondary forest. References: Campbell 1976; Newton 1984; Downie and Arnett 1996; Majka et al. 2011.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973EFFD777927142A000FB20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973EFFD777927062A04DFA60.text	03FD357F973EFFD777927062A04DFA60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sepedophilus occultus (Casey 1885)	<div><p>Sepedophilus occultus (Casey) (Fig. 76)</p> <p>Range: northeastern United States south to Mississippi, west to Iowa. Habitat: taken from under bark, brush pile, sifting humus. Collection Method: sifting/ Berlese, emergence. Biology: members of this genus are considered mycetophagous. Present Study: not significantly associated with any substrate or forest type. References: Campbell 1976; Downie and Arnett 1996.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973EFFD777927062A04DFA60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973EFFD777927662A5CAFC00.text	03FD357F973EFFD777927662A5CAFC00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tachyporinae MacLeay 1825	<div><p>Tachyporinae</p> <p>Sepedophilus brachypterus Campbell (Fig. 74)</p> <p>Range: eastern North America from Maine south to Mississippi, west to Texas and Iowa. Habitat: in leaf litter, wood trash, on fungus, underside of log. Collection Method: sifting/Berlese, emergence.</p> <p>Biology: recorded from undetermined Agaricales. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in CWD3–4 and primary forest. References: Campbell 1976; Newton 1984; Downie and Arnett 1996; Majka et al. 2011.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973EFFD777927662A5CAFC00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
03FD357F973DFFD477927422A7DBFDC0.text	03FD357F973DFFD477927422A7DBFDC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Throscidae Laporte de Castelnau 1840	<div><p>THROSCIDAE</p> <p>Aulonothroscus distans Blanchard (Fig. 79)</p> <p>Comments. The entire family, including this genus, is in need of revision. Range: reported from Massachusetts, New York, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Habitat: unknown. Collection Method: emergence. Biology: unknown, adults of the family are thought to be generalist pollen and mold feeders. Present Study: significantly higher abundance in FWD1, CWD1, and secondary forest. References: Blanchard 1917; Downie and Arnett 1996; Johnson 2002a.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FD357F973DFFD477927422A7DBFDC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Ferro, Michael L.;Gimmel, Matthew L.;Harms, Kyle E.;Carlton, Christopher E.	Ferro, Michael L., Gimmel, Matthew L., Harms, Kyle E., Carlton, Christopher E. (2012): Comparison of Coleoptera emergent from various decay classes of downed coarse woody debris in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA. Insecta Mundi 2012 (260): 1-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5175284
