taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FC87D4FFDD8A1EC7D72262564EFF26.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: RUMF-ZC- 1554, one specimen (CL 7.9 mm) attached to a gorgonian coral, trawl 45, 26 ° 19.907´N, 126 ° 43.191´E, 16 Nov. 2009, depth 67.5 – 76.0 m. Paratypes: RUMF-ZC- 1555, two specimens (CL 8.2, 7.8 mm), same data as holotype. NMNS- 6690 - 001, four specimens (CL 8.3, 8.5, 7.6, 5.1 mm), same data as holotype.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFDD8A1EC7D72262564EFF26.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Hermaphrodite capitulum with 13 capitular plates arranged in 2 horizontal whorls, with capitular armourment of S-T surrounded by R-RL-L-CL-C-SC. Carina with apex acute, one third of carina extending beyond carinal margin of tergum, curving outward. Mandible with 3 large teeth, cutting margin convex, small pectinations between teeth. Maxillule rectangular, cutting margin convex, without notch, cutting margin with simple setae. Basipodite of cirri IV and V with extension of 2 lobes on inner margin, all lobe margins with simple and serrulate setae.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFDD8A1EC7D72262564EFF26.taxon	description	Description. Hermaphrodite capitulum trapezoid, with 13 plates (Figs 2 A, 3 A) arranged in 2 whorls, with capitular armourment of S-T surrounded by R-RL-L-CL-C-SC (Figs 2 A, 3 A). Capitular plates covered by thick, chitinous coating (Figs 2 A, 3 A). Carina long, one third of carina extending beyond carinal margin of tergum, umbo apical, apex acute, curving outward (Figs 2 A, 3 A). Tergum pentagonal, umbo apical, basal margin shortest. Scutum almost equilateral triangular, umbo apical (Figs 2 A, 3 A). Rostrolatus triangularly pyramidal, umbo apical, apex extending outward (laterally) and downward (Figs 2 A, 3 A, B). Latus triangularly pyramidal, umbo apical, apex extending outward (laterally) and upwards (Figs 2 A, 3 A, B). Carinolatus triangularly pyramidal, umbo apical, apex extending beyond carinal margin (Figs 2 A, 3 A). Sub-carina pyramidal, umbo apical, apex extending beyond carinal margin (Fig. 3 A). Rostrum globular, small, located at base of junction between paired scuta (Fig. 3 B). Peduncle covered by thick cuticle with scattered setae (Figs 2 A, 3 A). Maxilla rectangular, covered with simple setae (Fig. 4 A). Maxillule rectangular, cutting margin without notch, margin convex with 15 simple setae (Fig. 4 B, C). Mandible with 3 large, sharp teeth, cutting margin convex, pectinations between large teeth, lower margin short, straight, with 6 pectinations, inferior angle with 2 sharp pectinations (Fig. 4 D, E). Mandibular palps triangular, with dense serrulate setae distally (Fig. 4 F). Labrum concave, without notch, 6 – 8 sharp teeth on each side of cutting margin (Fig. 4 G). Gap between cirri I and II absent. Cirrus I shortest of all cirri, anterior ramus 11 – segmented, posterior ramus 14 - segmented (Fig. 3 C), rami with simple setae. Cirrus II with anterior ramus 8 - segmented, posterior ramus 9 - segmented (Fig. 3 D), setae of distal portion of rami fine serrulate, those of mid and proximal portions simple. Cirrus III, anterior ramus 9 - segmented, posterior ramus 8 - segmented (Fig. 3 E), setae simple. Cirrus IV with both anterior and posterior rami 11 - segmented (Fig. 3 F), inner margin of basipodite with 2 extended lobes, margin around lobes covered with simple and serrulate setae (Fig. 3 F). Cirrus V with both anterior and posterior rami 11 - segmented, inner region of basipodite with 2 extended lobes, margins around lobes covered with simple and serrulate setae (Fig. 3 G). Cirrus VI with anterior and posterior rami 12 - segmented, posterior region of basipodite without lobe. Caudal appendage non-segmented, leaf-shaped; caudal appendage about 1.5 times height of proximal segment of pedicel of cirrus VI (Fig. 3 H). Penis short, non-segmented, length similar to height of proximal segment of pedicel of cirrus VI. Complemental males found on inner margin of scutum, composed of carina, rostrum and paired scuta and terga (Fig. 4 H).	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFDD8A1EC7D72262564EFF26.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Derived from the Latin arcuata, indicating the strongly curved carina, which is a diagnostic character of this new species.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFDD8A1EC7D72262564EFF26.taxon	distribution	Distribution. At present only recorded from Kumejima Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFDD8A1EC7D72262564EFF26.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The current species is classified in Calantica as it has 13 capitular plates arranged in two whorls, with the lower whorls not overlapping the upper whorl. Newman & Jones (2011) reviewed the morphological groupings of Calantica and classified the genus into four groups, based on the number of capitular plates. Group I contains nine species with 13 capitular plates. Group II has one species, which sometimes has an extra second carinolatus. Group III contains two species having 14 capitular plates, including a sub-rostrum. Group IV contains three species with 14 capitular plates, including an additional second latus located at the rostral midline of the first latus. In the present study, C. arcuata n. sp. has 13 capitular plates and thus belongs to Group I. At present, Group I contains C. affinis Broch, 1922, C. eos (Pilsbry, 1907), C. darwini Jones & Hosie, 2009, C. graphica Rosell, 1991, C. kruegeri Hiro, 1932, C. pusilla Utinomi, 1970 a, C. studeri (Weltner, 1922), C. trispinosa (Hoek, 1883) and C. arcuata n. sp. (Fig. 16 A – I). Calantica arcuata n. sp. differs from all members Group I (Newman & Jones 2011) by having a diagnostic long (one third of carina extending beyond the tergum) and outward curving carina (Figs 2 A, 16 I). The long carina is also present in juvenile specimens (CL 5.1 mm, NMNS- 6690 - 001; Fig. 2 A), suggesting this character has been developed at an earlier stage of ontogeny (Fig. 2 A). Mandibles of both C. arcuata n. sp. and C. graphica are three toothed, but C. arcuata differs from C. graphica in the morphology of the capitulum. Compared to C. arcuata n. sp., the carinal margin of the tergum in C. graphica is slightly convex, whilst the carinal margin of the tergum of C. arcuata n. sp. is bent and forms a distinct obtuse angle (Fig. 16 C, I). In addition, C. arcuata n. sp. is distinct from the members of Group I by its rectangularly shaped maxillule with a convex cutting margin, and the presence of extended lobes in the basal region of cirri IV and V (Fig. 4 B, C). Such features have not been reported in other Calantica species.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD98A1CC7D720CD52E2F820.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. RUMF-ZC- 1556, one specimen (CL 3.4 mm) on antipatharians, trawl 24, 26 ° 16.322´N, 126 ° 51.631´E, 12 Nov. 2009, depth 150.0 – 168.0 m. ASIZCR- 000225, one specimen (CL 3.8 mm) on antipatharians; trawl 24, 26 ° 16.322´N, 126 ° 51.631´E, 12 Nov. 2009, depth 150.0 – 168.0 m.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD98A1CC7D720CD52E2F820.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Capitulum with 15 white, smooth capitular plates. Tergum quadrangular, umbo apical, inframedian latus rhombic, umbo apical. Rostrolatus and carinolatus triangular, umbos apical.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD98A1CC7D720CD52E2F820.taxon	description	Description. Hermaphrodite capitulum white, elongated, 15 smooth capitular plates, including carina, subcarina, rostrum, paired tergum, scutum, upper latus, inframedian latus, rostrolatus and carinolatus (Fig. 2 B). Tergum quadrangular, umbo apical, occludent margin straight. Scutum quadrangular, umbo at middle of occludent margin. Upper latus almost square to parallelogram. Inframedian latus quadrangular, longitudinal diameter longer than lateral. Carinolatus and rostrolatus triangular, margins straight. Rostrum rhomboid, large, incurved, apex reaching half scutal occludent margin (Fig. 2 B). Maxilla bi-lobed, distally setose on each lobe (Fig. 5 A). Maxillule slightly notched, region below notch slightly protuberant, 2 large setae above notch, 7 setae below, cutting margin short (Fig. 5 B). Mandible with 4 large teeth excluding inferior angle, 1 small seta present between third and fourth large teeth, lower margin very short, inferior angle ending in sharp seta (Fig. 5 C, D) Cirrus I with anterior and posterior rami subequal, both rami 12 - segmented (Fig. 6 A), setae simple (Fig. 6 B) and serrulate with very fine setules (Fig. 6 C). Cirri II – VI ctenopod, all with simple setae in medial and proximal regions (Fig. 6 D, E), serrulate setae distally (Fig. 6 F). Cirrus II with anterior and posterior rami 9 - and 10 - segmented, respectively. Cirrus III with anterior and posterior rami 13 - segmented. Cirri IV and V with anterior and posterior rami 12 - and 13 - segmented, respectively. Cirrus VI with anterior and posterior rami 13 - and 12 - segmented, respectively; intermediate segment of posterior ramus of cirrus VI with 3 pairs of long simple setae and 1 pair of short simple setae. Caudal appendage short, about half height of proximal segment of pedicel of cirrus VI (Fig. 5 E), inner and outer margins with small pectinations, bundle of setae distally (Fig. 5 E). Penis short, half length of cirrus VI (Fig. 5 F). Complemental males absent in present specimens.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD98A1CC7D720CD52E2F820.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japanese waters, including the Kii Channel, Wakayama Prefecture and Kumejima Island, Ryukyu Islands.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD98A1CC7D720CD52E2F820.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The capitular morphology of the current species fits the description of Euscalpellum squamosum by Hiro (1933; 1937 b). The mandible described by Hiro (1933) had four teeth, with a small setae between the third and fourth teeth, which is similar to the mandible morphology of the present specimen. The descriptions of Hiro (1933; 1937 b) were based on the same, single specimen and recorded no penis. However, we found our specimen has a short penis (Fig. 4 F). The reasons for the absences of a penis in E. squamosum in Hiro (1933; 1937 b) is uncertain and could be due to the preservation status of the samples, and Hiro (1937 b: 391) claimed “ A further investigation on more materials may settle the question whether the present specimen is a pure female or not ”. In Zevina‘s (1981) revision of the scalpellid barnacles, the description of E. squamosum was based on Hiro’s (1933; 1937 b) original descriptions and no further specimens were examined to clarify the absence of a penis in E. squamosum. Some species of balanomorph barnacles (e. g. Semibalanus balanoides) lose the penis after the reproductive season (Barnes, 1992) but such loss has not been recorded in species of the stalked barnacle genus Pollicipes (Barnes, 1992). However, information on the relationship of the penis condition and the reproductive cycle of a large number of stalked barnacle species is still very limited (Barnes, 1992). In the present study, we assigned the present species as Euscalpellum c. f. squamosum because the hard and soft parts of the specimens well matched with Hiro’s (1933; 1937 b) descriptions. The only discrepancy between the present specimen and Hiro’s description is the absences of a penis in Hiro’s specimen. It is essential to locate and check the type specimen of E. squamosum (information and location of type specimen were not mentioned in Hiro 1933 and 1937 b) and further collect samples from the type locality, to confirm the species identity of the current species.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD68A16C7D721995219FD75.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. RUMF-ZC- 1557, one specimen (CL 7.9 mm) on an antipatharian coral, trawl 31, 26 ° 18.785´N, 126 ° 53.249´E, 13 Nov. 2009, depth 70.4 – 75.3 m.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD68A16C7D721995219FD75.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis (emended). Capitulum completely or nearly covered by 5 thin, fragile plates; surfaces often overgrown by antipatharian corals. Tergum with apex distally recurved; length of occludent margin half length of scutal margin. Umbo of scutum located in middle portion of occludent margin. Carina bowed; umbo located in proximal one third of carina, length of distal arm of carina about twice length of basal arm. Filamentary appendages absent. Caudal appendages minute, oval shaped, bundles of setae apically.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD68A16C7D721995219FD75.taxon	description	Description. Capitulum covered by 5 fully calcified, thin, fragile plates - carina, paired tergum and scutum (Fig. 2 C); surface of plates overgrown by antipatharian corals. Tergum narrow, occludent margin half length of scutal margin, occludent margin slightly convex, apex of tergum recurved distally. Scutum trapezoid, umbo at middle of occludent margin, basal margin perpendicular to occludent margin, carinal margin convex. Carina bowed, umbo located in proximal one third of carinal margin, length of distal arm twice length of basal arm (Fig. 2 C). Maxilla rounded, simple setae on all margins (Fig. 7 A, B). Maxillule slightly notched, 2 large simple setae above notch, notch shallow with several fine simple setae, more than 10 longer, simple setae below notch (Fig. 7 C, D). Mandible with 4 teeth, first well separated from remainder (Fig. 7 E), lower margin very short, smooth (Fig. 7 F), inferior angle terminating in 1 pectination (Fig. 7 F). Mandibular palps elongated (Fig. 7 G, H); dense, simple setae distally (Fig. 7 H). Cirrus I with anterior and posterior rami subequal, setae simple, anterior and posterior rami 12 - and 8 - segmented, respectively (Fig. 8 A, B). Cirri II – VI ctenopod. Cirrus II with anterior and posterior rami 9 - and 13 - segmented, respectively (Fig. 8 C), setae simple (Fig. 8 D) and serrulate with very fine setules (Fig. 8 E). Cirrus III with anterior and posterior rami 14 - and 15 - segmented, respectively, both rami with simple and serrulate setae. Cirrus IV with anterior and posterior rami 17 - segmented, setae simple and serrulate. Cirrus V with both rami 16 - segmented, setae simple and serrulate. Cirrus VI with anterior and posterior rami 16 - and 17 - segmented, setae simple and serrulate; intermediate segment of posterior ramus of cirrus VI with 3 pairs of long serrulate setae and 2 pairs of short simple setae (Fig. 8 F). Caudal appendage oval uniarticulate, short (one third height of proximal segment of pedicel of cirrus VI), 4 simple setae distally (Fig. 8 G). Penis long, half length of cirrus VI, pedicel of penis without basi-dorsal point (Fig. 8 H).	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD68A16C7D721995219FD75.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Atlantic Ocean (Madeira); Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal); South China Sea (Beibu Gulf); Taiwan Strait; Japan; New Zealand,	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD68A16C7D721995219FD75.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Darwin (1852) identified Oxynaspis celata from an antipatharian coral, Aphanipathes woollastoni, from Madeira, Atlantic Ocean (Totton 1940). Subsequently, it has been widely recorded as four sub-species in the world’s oceans (O. celata indica Annandale, 1909; also see Foster 1978; O. c. novazelandica Broch, 1922; O. c. japonica Broch, 1922; O. c. hirtae Totton 1940). Zevina (1982) revised the genus Oxynaspis and grouped O. c. japonica and O. c. indica as synonyms of O. celata, due to similarities in their external capitular morphology. Newman (1972) and Van Syoc and Dekelboum (2011) retained O. c. japonica, O. c. novazelandica, O. c. indica and O. c. hirtae as distinct sub-species of O. celata. Oxynaspis celata may be a cryptic species complex with high morphological variations in the world oceans and the taxonomy of this cryptic species group is unclear (see Foster 1978). Further studies should focus on the taxonomic status and population genetics of O. celata from different oceans in the world, using a combination of morphological and molecular approaches. In the present study we tentatively follow Van Syoc & Dekelboum (2011).	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD38A17C7D722E753F9F81F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: RUMF-ZC- 1558, one specimen (CL 5.4 mm) on an antipatharian coral; trawl 75, 26 ° 19.586´N, 126 ° 42.453´E, 19 Nov. 2009, depth 137 – 156 m. Paratypes: RUMF-ZC- 1559, one specimen (CL 5 mm), same data as holotype. NHMS- 6690 - 002, one specimen (CL 5.8 mm), same data as holotype.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD38A17C7D722E753F9F81F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Capitulum elongated, with 5 completely calcified, thin plates. Tergum triangular, apex acute, high. Scutum quadrangular, occludent margin almost parallel with carinal margin. Carina slightly concave, umbo of carina located very close to basal region of carina, length of distal arm of carina about 7.5 times length of basal arm. Two filamentary appendages on dorsal side of somatic body.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD38A17C7D722E753F9F81F.taxon	description	Description. Hermaphrodite, capitulum narrow, surface covered by antipatharian; 5 fully calcified’ thin plates, covering whole capitulum (Figs 2 D, 9 A). Carina slightly concave, apex reaching middle of carinal margin of tergum, umbo located very close to basal region of carinal margin, base non-forked (Fig. 11 C, D), length of distal arm 7.5 times length of basal arm (Figs 2 D, 9 A). Tergum triangular, narrow, apex acute, umbo apical, occludent margin shortest, umbo apical (Figs 2 D, 9 A, 11 B). Scutum trapezoid, umbo at middle portion of occludent margin, basal margin straight, perpendicular to occludent margin, carinal margin shortest (Figs 2 D, 9 A, 11 A). Maxilla rounded, simple setae on all margin (Fig. 10 A, B). Maxillule strongly notched (Fig. 10 C), 2 large spines above notch, region below notch protuberant, several short, simple setae in notch, approximately 8 setae below notch (Fig. 10 D). Mandible with 4 teeth, first separated from remainder, fourth smallest, lower margin short, with 3 short pectinations, inferior angle with 1 sharp pectination (Fig. 10 E, F). Mandibular palps elongated, simple setae distally and on exterior margin (Fig. 10 G, H). Cirrus I with anterior and posterior rami 6 - segmented, anterior ramus slightly longer (Fig. 9 B); setae on both rami simple (Fig. 11 E). Cirrus II with anterior and posterior rami 13 - and 12 - segmented, respectively (Fig. 9 C); setae on both rami simple (Fig. 11 F, G). Cirri III and IV with anterior and posterior rami 11 - segmented (Fig. 9 D, E). Cirrus V with anterior and posterior rami 12 - and 11 - segmented (Fig. 9 F). Cirrus VI with anterior and posterior rami 15 - and 14 - segmented, respectively (Fig. 9 G). Intermediate segments of posterior rami of cirri III to VI with 3 pairs of long simple setae and 1 pair of short simple setae (Fig. 11 H). Caudal appendages absent. Penis half length of cirrus VI (Fig. 11 J). Dorsal margin of somatic body with 2 narrow, long filamentary appendages (Fig. 11 I).	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD38A17C7D722E753F9F81F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Currently only known from Kumejima Island, Ryukyu Islands.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD38A17C7D722E753F9F81F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name ryukyuensis denotes the type locality, the Ryukyu Islands.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFD38A17C7D722E753F9F81F.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Previous studies on the diversity of Oxynaspis have received very scant attention. A recent revision of the Oxynaspididae (Van Syoc & Dekelboum 2011) erected two new genera, Pycnaspis Van Syoc & Dekelboum, 2011 and Minyaspis Van Syoc & Dekelboum, 2011, in addition to Oxynaspis. Pycnaspis is a monotypic genus, containing the thick and strong plated P. connectens (Broch, 1931, = ex Oxynaspis connectens). Miyaspis contains 15 species, all of which have a capitulum partially covered by plates and a basally forked carina (Van Syoc & Dekelboum 2011). Oxynaspis presently contains nine species (Oxynaspis celata Darwin, 1852, O. gracilis Totton, 1940, O. alatae Totton, 1940, Oxynaspis cancellatae Totton, 1940, Oxynaspis pacifica Hiro, 1931, Oxynaspis rossi Newman, 1972, O. perekrestenkoi Van Syoc & Dekelboum, 2011, O. joankovennae Van Syoc & Dekelboum, 2011 and O. joandianeae Van Syoc & Dekelboum, 2011) and four sub-species of O. celata (see remarks on O. celata above; Van Syoc & Dekelboum 2011). In Zevina’s (1982) revision of the poecilasmatid barnacles, Oxynaspis cancellatae Totton, 1940 was considered a junior synonym to O. connectens Broch, 1931, while Newman (1972) considered them two separate species. Even Van Syoc & Dekelboum (2011) erected a new genus Pycnaspis to accommodate O. connectens, due to its distinctly strong and thick capitular plates. In the present study, we adopt the classification of Van Syoc & Dekelboum (2011). No other Oxynaspis species are reported to be junior synonyms of O. gracilis and O. alatae (see Zevina, 1982). Oxnaspis pacifica, O. rossi, O. perekrestenkoi, O. joankovennae and O. joandianeae have large uncalcified spaces between the scutum and carina, differing from O. ryukyuensis sp. n., which has the capitulum completely covered by the capitular plates. The location of the umbo on an opercular plate is an important taxonomic character in identifying stalked barnacles (see Zevina, 1982). In Oxynaspis, the umbo of the scutum is located at the occludent margin; the location of the umbo on the carina, located at the middle or below the middle portion of the carinal margin, is a morphological characteristic used to identify Oxynaspis species (Newman, 1972; Van Syoc & Dekelboum 2011). Annandale (1909) and Totton (1940) measured the length ratio of the distal arm (carinal length above the umbo) and basal arm (carinal length below the umbo) of the carina of Oxynaspis for species comparisons. Comparing the present specimen with Oxynaspis celata collected in the present study (see O. celata in the previous section), the location of the umbo on the carina exhibited great differences between O. celata and O. ryukyuensis n. sp. The umbo of the carina of O. celata was located in the proximal one third of the carina and the length of the distal arm was about twice the length of the basal arm. In O. ryukyuensis n. sp., the location of the carinal umbo was located very close to the basal region, with the length of the distal arm 7.5 times greater than the basal arm (Table 1). Both specimens of O. celata and O. ryukyunesis n. sp. were adults with mature egg masses and thus such differences in the locations of the umbones should not be due to age variation .. In addition, the dorsal side of the somatic body of O. ryukyuensis n. sp. has two filamentary appendages, whereas filamentary appendages were absent from O. celata, suggesting that O. ryukyuensis n. sp. differs from O. celata (Table 1). The location of the carinal umbo has been described and clearly illustrated for O. celata Darwin, 1852, O. celata japonica Broch, 1922, O. celata hirtae Totton, 1940, O. celata indica Annandale, 1902 (illustrated in figs 12 – 14 in Totton 1940; redrawn in Fig. 16), O. cancellatae Totton, 1940, O. gracilis Totton, 1940, and O. alatae Totton, 1940. The umbo of the carina in O. celata (see pl. 3 in Darwin 1852; Fig. 16 L), O. celata hirtae (see figs 10, 11 in Totton 1940; Fig. 16 N), O. celata japonica (see fig. 32 in Broch 1922; Fig. 16 M), O. celata indica (see figs 12 – 14 in Totton 1940; Fig. 16 O), O. gracilis (see fig. 8 in Totton 1940; Fig. 16 K) and O. alatae (see fig. 3 in Totton 1940; Fig. 16 J) are expanded, forming a distinct angle and are located at the middle or proximal one third of the carina, differing from the specimens of O. ryukyuensis n. sp., which have the umbo located very close to the basal region of the carina (Fig. 16 Q; Table 1). Measuring the type illustration of Oxynapsis species mentioned above (except O. indica illustrated in Totton 1940), the length ratio of the distal arm to basal arm was 1.9 in O. alatae, 1.5 in O. gracilis, 1.9 in O. celata, 2.1 in O. celata japonica, 2.4 in O. c. hirtae, 1.7 in O. c. indica, obviously differing from 7.5 in O. ryukyuensis n. sp. (Table 1). The basal location of the carinal umbo of O. ryukyuensis n. sp. is consistent in the holotype and the two paratypes. The length ratio of the distal arm to the basal arm is 7.9 and 8.0 for the two paratypes. There is no detailed description of O. c. novazelandica in Broch (1922) but O. c. novazelandica was described as morphologically very close to O. c. indica, with only the maxillule differing between the two species. In the present study, we believe the external morphology of O. c. novazelandica is close to that of O. c. indica and thus morphologically differs from O. ryukyuensis n. sp., therefore confirming that O. ryukyuensis n. sp. does not belong to the O. celata cryptic species group.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCD8A08C7D7213753E0FA54.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. RUMF-ZC- 1560, one specimen (13.2 mm) on Chaceon granulatus (Sakai) (Brachyura, Geryionidae RUMF-ZC- 1093); collected by a bait trap off Kumejima, 26 ° 17.433´N 126 ° 43.142´E – 26 ° 17.498´N 126 ° 42.487´E, 19 – 20 Nov. 2009, depth 457 – 547 m.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCD8A08C7D7213753E0FA54.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Capitulum globular, white, plates smooth. Tergum very narrow, occludent margin very short.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCD8A08C7D7213753E0FA54.taxon	description	Description. Capitulum globular, white; 5 capitular plates - 1 carina, paired tergum and scutum. Tergum triangular, very narrow; occludent margin shortest (Fig. 2 E). Scutum D-shaped; tergal and carinal margins convex; occludent margin straight, vertical; basal margin perpendicular to occludent margin (Fig. 2 E). Peduncle yellow, with concentric rings (Fig. 2 E). Maxilla globular; all margins setose; setae simple. Maxillule strongly notched; two large setae above notch, one large setae in notch; region below notch protuberant; short setae below (Fig. 12 A, B). Mandible with 4 teeth, first separated from remainder; cutting margin smooth; inferior angle acute (Fig. 12 C, D). Mandibular palps subtriangular, tapering distally (Fig. 12 E); serrulate setae distally (Fig. 12 F) and on exterior margin. Labrum concave with numerous (> 100) small, sharp teeth (Fig. 12 G, H). Cirrus I with 1 oval shaped filamentary appendage at base (Fig. 13 B); anterior and posterior rami 8 - and 6 - segmented, respectively (Fig. 13 A); large, robust, short simple setae at tip of both rami and on segment junction of greater curvature of ramus (Fig. 13 E); serrulate setae along mid and proximal region of lesser curvature of ramus (Fig. 13 C, D). Setal type of cirri II – VI simple. Cirrus II, anterior and posterior rami 10 - and 17 - segmented, respectively. Cirri III and IV with anterior and posterior rami 13 - and 14 - segmented, respectively. Cirrus V with anterior and posterior rami 12 - and 13 - segmented, respectively. Cirrus VI with anterior and posterior rami 14 - segmented; intermediate segment of lesser curvature of posterior ramus with 7 to 10 serrulate setae at junction of each segment (Fig. 13 F). Caudal appendage short, length similar to height of proximal segment of pedicel of cirrus VI; serrulate setae distally (Fig. 13 G). Penis setose, large bundle of setae distally (Fig. 13 H).	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCD8A08C7D7213753E0FA54.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Pacific Ocean, South China Sea.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCD8A08C7D7213753E0FA54.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species has been recorded previously in Japanese waters (Hiro 1937 b).	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCA8A0FC7D721A75629F898.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. RUMF-ZC- 1561, ten specimens (BD 3.08 – 5.38 mm); collected from a dead sea turtle, Chelonia mydas, in a gill net, Tomari Port, 19 Nov. 2009.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCA8A0FC7D721A75629F898.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Shell white; 6 tubiferous plates, externally with horizontal growth ridges, internally with median longitudinal sulcus.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCA8A0FC7D721A75629F898.taxon	description	Description. Shell white, conical, low, outer margin of plates serrated, surfaces with horizontal growth ridges (Fig. 2 F, 14 A), plates tubiferous, with median longitudinal sulcus of inner surface visible from basal view (Fig. 14 A, B), line of median longitudinal sulcus obvious, dividing each plate into two main lobes (Fig. 14 A); radii narrow. Orifice narrow, oval shaped (Fig. 2 F). Scutum rectangular, wider than high. Tergum triangular, occludent margin and basal margin forming obtuse angle. Maxilla sub-triangular, serrulate setae apically (Fig. 14 C). Maxillule without notch, cutting margin straight, 2 large setae at upper margin followed by 8 smaller, simple setae (Fig. 14 D). Mandible with 5 main teeth, second, third and fourth bifid, secondary tooth between second and third, and third and fourth; inferior angle pectinated, covered with fine pectinations (Fig. 14 E, F). Mandibular palp oval; lateral margin covered with long, fine setae; upper margin with short, fine setae (Fig. 14 G). Labrum notched, 3 large teeth on either side of cutting margin (Fig 14 H). Cirrus I with rami unequal, anterior and posterior rami 7 - and 10 - segmented, respectively, both rami with serrulate setae (Fig. 15 A, B). Cirrus II with anterior and posterior rami 7 - segmented (Fig. 15 C); both rami with serrulate setae. Cirrus III with anterior and posterior rami 9 - and 12 - segmented (Fig. 15 D). Cirri IV to VI long, slender (Fig. 15 E), intermediate segments of posterior ramus of cirrus IV (Fig. 15 F) and cirrus VI (Fig. 15 G) with 3 pairs of long serrulate setae with very fine setules and 1 pair of shorter, simple setae. Penis long, length about 1.5 times length of cirrus VI; pedicel with small basi-dorsal point (Fig. 15 H).	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCA8A0FC7D721A75629F898.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical waters; attached to the carapace, plastron, head, flipper, legs and soft skin of sea turtles.	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
03FC87D4FFCA8A0FC7D721A75629F898.taxon	discussion	Remarks. In Japanese waters, P. h e x a s t y l o s has been recorded on the Loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758) in Niigata (Utinomi 1970 b), Iwate, Fukui, Okinawa, Kagoshima, Hachijojima Island and Chiba (Hayashi 2012), on the Green turtles Chelonia mydas (Linnaeus, 1758) in Okinawa, Ogasawara Island, Wakayama and Kanagawa (Hayashi 2012), on the Black turtle Chelonia mydas agassizii (Bocourt, 1868) in Iwate (Hayashi et al. 2011), on the Hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata (Linnaeus, 1766) in Chiba, Fukui and Okinawa (Hayashi 2012) and on the Leatherhead turtle Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli, 1761) in Niigata and Ishikawa (Utinomi 1970 b).	en	Chan, Benny K. K., Hayashi, Ryota (2012): Epibiotic barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia: Thoracica) collected by the Kumejima 2009 Expedition, with descriptions of two new species *. Zootaxa 3367: 21-48, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.281652
