identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FF87C7FFB15341241FFDEA5766BE39.text	03FF87C7FFB15341241FFDEA5766BE39.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Caviidae Fischer de Waldheim 1817	<div><p>Family CAVIIDAE</p><p>(CAVIES, CAPYBARAS AND MARAS)</p><p>• Mediumto large-sized rodents with compact-to-heavy external morphology; generally short limbs, and large heads; no visible tail; and ever-growing cheekteeth.</p><p>• 20-130 cm.</p><p>• Neotropical Region.</p><p>• Arid and semiarid steppe, dry grasslands, thornscrub, savannas, mesic grasslands, and wetlands.</p><p>• 6 genera, 20 species (plus 1 domesticated form), 43 taxa.</p><p>• | species Critically Endangered; none Extinct since 1600.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB15341241FFDEA5766BE39	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB35343255CFDA45A2BB10E.text	03FF87C7FFB35343255CFDA45A2BB10E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavia aperea Erxleben 1777	<div><p>1.</p><p>Brazilian Guinea Pig</p><p>Cavia aperea</p><p>French: Cobaye du Brésil / German: Gemeines Meerschweinchen / Spanish: Cobaya comun</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia aperea Erxleben, 1777,</p><p>“Brazil, Pernambuco.”</p><p>Seven subspecies are recognized.</p><p>Subspecies and Distribution.</p><p>C.a.apereaErxleben,1777—EBrazil.</p><p>C.a.anolaimaeJ.A.Allen,1916—highelevationsoftheEasternAndesrangeinColombiaandVenezuela,andtheCordilleradeMéridainNWVenezuela.</p><p>C.a.guianaeThomas,1901—NAmazonBasininColombia,Venezuela,theGuianas,andNBrazil.</p><p>C. a.hypoleucaCabrera,1953—ParaguayandNArgentina.</p><p>C.a.nanahmas, 1917—EslopeoftheAndesandYungasmontaneforestsofC Bolivia;thereisareportedrecordforSEPeru,howeverthisNlimitofthedistributionisconsideredunresolved.</p><p>C.a.pamparumThomas,1901—SBrazil,Uruguay,andEArgentina.</p><p>C. a. rosida Thomas, 1917 — the Serra do Mar in E Parana State, SE Brazil.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 215-395 mm, ear 19-23 mm, hindfoot 38-46 mm; weight 500-790 g. Greatest lengths of skull are 52-73 mm. Male Brazilian Guinea Pigs are heavier than females. The seven subspecies vary in external measurements, color, and morphology; nana is the smallest subspecies and the nominate aperea is the largest. General characteristics are olive-brown dorsum, flecked with brown and black, and paler venter that varies from whitish to yellowish gray. General body form is very reminiscent of the domestic Guinea pig (C. porcellus).</p><p>Habitat. Dry grasslands, upland savannas, moist savanna, cerrado woodland with shrub cover, and even gallery forests. Brazilian Guinea Pigs also occur in agricultural areas and along roadsides and railway right-of-ways. It does not burrow but constructs tunnels and runways in vegetation.</p><p>Food and Feeding. Brazilian Guinea Pigs are grazers and depend heavily on grasses. They also eat inflorescences and seeds.</p><p>Breeding. Brazilian Guinea Pigs breed year-round, and females can have five liters/ year under ideal conditions. Gestation is c.62 days, and litter sizes are 1-5 young (average 2-3). Newborns weigh ¢.60 g and are highly precocial. Females reach sexual maturity at c.2 months and males at ¢.3 months.</p><p>Activity patterns. Brazilian Guinea Pigs are diurnal, with peaks in morning and early evening. They are active year-round.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Population ecology and social behavior of the Brazilian Guinea Pig have been widely studied. Home range size is highly variable, much like morphology. Home ranges of males vary from 165 m* to 1387 m* across studies; home ranges of females are significantly smaller but equally variable. Male home ranges overlap multiple female home ranges, but males maintain relatively exclusive home ranges among themselves. Density estimates range from 12-5 ind/ha in Brazil to 38 ind/ha in Argentina . Both sexes form strong linear dominance hierarchies, and males can control access to multiple females via male—male aggression. Males therefore exhibit female defense polygyny and form either a pair bond or control access to multiple females. Rate of multiple paternities is low.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. It is abundant throughout a very large distribution and tolerates a moderate amount of habitat modification.</p><p>Bibliography. Adrian &amp; Sachser (2011), Canevari &amp; Vaccaro (2007), Dunnum (2015), Dunnum &amp; Salazar-Bravo (2010a), Eisenberg &amp; Redford (1999), Redford &amp; Eisenberg (1992), Rood (1970, 1972), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB35343255CFDA45A2BB10E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB353432060F9D0562BB1BD.text	03FF87C7FFB353432060F9D0562BB1BD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavia fulgida Wagler 1831	<div><p>3.</p><p>Shiny Guinea Pig</p><p>Cavia fulgida</p><p>French: Cobaye luisant / German: Glanzmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cobaya brillante</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia fulgida Wagler, 1831,</p><p>“Amazonia.”</p><p>A. Cabrera in 1961 noted that the type locality was likely an error because C. fulgida does not occur in the Amazon Basin.</p><p>Monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. SE Brazil, from Minas Gerais to Santa Catarina states.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 220-270 mm, hindfoot 35-45 mm. No specific data are available for body weight. Color of the Shiny Guinea Pig is similar to the Brazilian Guinea Pig (C. aperea), but dorsum is richer reddish brown with a buffy venter. There is also a small dark band on the throat.</p><p>Habitat. Flooded marshland in central Brazil, and some indication that the Shiny Guinea Pig prefers semi-mountainous areas along the coast; otherwise little is known aboutits habitat preferences.</p><p>Food and Feeding. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Breeding. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Shiny Guinea Pig has a wide distribution and occurs in protected areas.</p><p>Bibliography. Cabrera (1961), Canevari &amp; Vaccaro (2007), Dunnum (2015), Dunnum &amp; Salazar-Bravo (2010a), Eisenberg &amp; Redford (1999), de Oliveira &amp; Bonvicino (2006), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB353432060F9D0562BB1BD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB353432558F56E5886BD5F.text	03FF87C7FFB353432558F56E5886BD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavia tschudii Pallas 1766	<div><p>2.</p><p>Montane Guinea Pig</p><p>Cavia tschudii</p><p>French: Cobaye de Tschudi / German: Tschudi-Meerschweinchen / Spanish: Cobaya de montana</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia tschudii Fitzinger, 1867,</p><p>“in der Umgegend der Stadt Yca,” Ica, Peru .</p><p>Cavia tschudii is in need of revision relative to its subspecific taxonomy. A. Cabrera includes the subspecies umbrata as a synonym of festina and they have similar ranges. This is pending further review. Eight subspecies recognized.</p><p>Subspecies and Distribution.</p><p>C.t.tschudiiFitzinger,1867—IcaRegion,SPeru.</p><p>C.t.atahualpaeOsgood,1913—Inter-AndeanvalleysofNPeru.</p><p>C.t.festinaThomas,1927—CPeruvianAndes,inJuninDepartment.</p><p>C.t.osgoodiSanborn,1949—NofLakeTiticacaintheAltiplanoofSPeru.</p><p>C.t.pallidorThomas,1917—lowlandsofSPeruandNChileandhighlandsofBolivia.</p><p>C.t.sodalisThomas,1926—highlandsinJujuy,Salta,Tucuman,andCatamarcaprovincesinNArgentina.</p><p>C.t.stolidaThomas,1926—UtcubambaValleyofNWPeru.</p><p>C. t. umbrata Thomas, 1917 — Andes in the Junin Region in C Peru.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body averages 220-270 mm, ear 20-35 mm, hindfoot 24-49 mm; weight 295-390 g. Greatest lengths of skull are 55-69 mm. The eight subspecies of the Montane Guinea Pig vary; for example, their dorsal color varies from cinnamon to reddish brown to gray-blackish, and ventral color is whitish to gray to buffy, occasionally ocherous. Nevertheless, there is no consistent overall pattern across all subspecies.</p><p>Habitat. Highly variable from high-elevation Andean grasslands or brushy habitats in northern Argentina, where cavies use distinct runways, to deserts and riparian habitats in Chile, ranging into humid pampas and areas of cultivation at elevations from sea level to 4500 m.</p><p>Food and Feeding. There is no specific information available for this species, but the Montane Guinea Pig is no doubt herbivorous.</p><p>Breeding. Gestation of the Montane Guinea Pig is 56-69 days. Mean litter size is 1-9 young (range 1-4). Individuals attain sexual maturity at c.2 months.</p><p>Activity patterns. There is no specific information available for this species, but it is reported as crepuscular to nocturnal.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Montane Guinea Pig is thought to face limited conservation threat because ofits very extensive distribution.</p><p>Bibliography. Cabrera (1961), Canevari &amp; Vaccaro (2007), Dunnum (2015), Dunnum &amp; Salazar-Bravo (2010a), Redford &amp; Eisenberg (1992), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB353432558F56E5886BD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB35342205EF4B35B67BF27.text	03FF87C7FFB35342205EF4B35B67BF27.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavia patzelti (Schliemann 1982)	<div><p>4.</p><p>Sacha Guinea Pig</p><p>Cavia patzelti</p><p>French: Cobaye de Patzelt / German: Patzelt-Meerschweinchen / Spanish: Cobaya de Patzelt</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia aperea patzelti Schliemann, 1982,</p><p>“Hochkordillere von Alao, Provinz Chimborazo, Equador,” Alao, Chimborazo, Ecuador .</p><p>H. Schliemann noted morphological differences between this species and other Cavia taxa, but assigned it to aperea . J. L. Dunnum and J. Salazar-Bravo in 2010 supported the elevation to species based upon molecular and karyological data. Monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. Chimborazo Mt, C Ecuador. Observations suggest its presence beyond the type locality.</p><p>Cavy ( Kerodon acrobata); 19. Patagonian Mara ( Dolichotis patagonum); 20. Chacoan Mara ( Dolichotis salinicola).</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 280-290 mm, ear 50 mm, hindfoot 46-50 mm; weight 700-725 g. Greatest lengths of skull are 63-69 mm. Back of the Sacha Guinea Pig is dark reddish drown.</p><p>Habitat. High-elevation paramo in Ecuador at elevations of 3000-3800 m (type locality). This area has marshy areas and grassy slopes, with some forests of Polylepus ( Rosaceae).</p><p>Food and Feeding. The Sacha Guinea Pig is herbivorous and associated with Stipa (Poaceae) .</p><p>Breeding. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Status and Conservation. The Sacha Guinea Pig has not yet been classified as a distinct species on The IUCN Red List. At the time of the last [UCN assessment, the Sacha Guinea Pig was included as a form of the Brazilian Guinea Pig (C. aperea), but it was not named or formally assessed as a subspecies.</p><p>Bibliography. Dunnum (2015), Dunnum &amp; Salazar-Bravo (2010a), Schliemann (1982).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB35342205EF4B35B67BF27	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB2534225ECF58D58F2BFF1.text	03FF87C7FFB2534225ECF58D58F2BFF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavia intermedia (Cherem, Olimpio & Ximenez 1999)	<div><p>6.</p><p>Santa Catarina’s Guinea Pig</p><p>Cavia intermedia</p><p>French: Cobaye du Santa Catarina / German: Santa Catarina-Meerschweinchen / Spanish: Cobaya de Santa Catarina</p><p>Other common names: Intermediate Guinea Pig, Moleques do Sul Guinea Pig</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia intermedia Cherem, Olimpio &amp; Ximenez, 1999,</p><p>“A maior das tres ilhas que formam o Arquipélago de Moleques do Sul, a 27° 51' S, e 48° 26' W, Santa Catarina, Brazil.</p><p>This species is monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. Moleques do Sul Is, Santa Catarina State, S Brazil.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 275-310 mm, ear 25-29 mm, hindfoot 48-55 mm; weight 495-680 g. Greatest lengths of skull are 61-5-70-1 mm. Thereis no sexual dimorphism in body size. Color and size of the Santa Catarina Guinea Pig are between those of the Brazilian Guinea Pig ( C. aperea) and the Greater Guinea Pig ( C. magna). Like the Greater Guinea Pig, the Santa Catarina Guinea Pig has a dark medial line, but it is grayer overall. Venteris yellowish gray, with white throat patch. Slight webbing occurs between digits, as in the Greater Guinea Pig.</p><p>Habitat. Small island dominated by rocky coastlines with no permanent streams and vegetation cover of grasses, shrubs ( Verbenaceae and Leguminoseae), and trees ( Sapindaceae and Moraceae, Ficus . The Santa Catarina Guinea Pig forms tunnels and runways in the vegetation.</p><p>Food and Feeding. Santa Catarina’s Guinea Pig forages predominantly on Stenotaphrum secundatum and Paspalum vaginatum (both Poaceae).</p><p>Breeding. Reproduction of the Santa Catarina Guinea Pig occurs year-round. Litter sizes are quite small for Cavia (1-2 young). Young are highly precocial at birth, at c.19% of adult body weight. Females reach sexual maturity at ¢.59 days.</p><p>Activity patterns. The Santa Catarina Guinea Pig is described as being primarily nocturnal, especially when foraging.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Male and female Santa Catarina Guinea Pigs have home ranges ofsimilar size (0-05-0-35 ha), and survival rates appear to be high.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List. Santa Catarina’s Guinea Pig is one of the rarest mammals in the world. It is known from the Serra do Tabuleiro State Park on Moleques do Sul island, off of the coast of Santa Catarina State in Brazil. The island is only 10-5 ha in area and the entire distribution ofthis species is about 4 ha, one of the smallest known geographical distributions for a mammal. A recent (2004-2005) 16month study of the Santa Catarina’s Guinea Pig indicated a stable population density and age structure with high adult survival, but the mean number of individuals observed per month was only 42, with a range of 24-60.</p><p>Bibliography. Adrian &amp; Sachser (2011), Cherem et al. (1999), Dunnum (2015), Dunnum &amp; Salazar-Bravo (2010a), Gava et al. (2012), Salvador &amp; Fernandez (2008).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB2534225ECF58D58F2BFF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB2534225EAFB385B01B290.text	03FF87C7FFB2534225EAFB385B01B290.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cavia magna Ximenez 1980	<div><p>5.</p><p>Greater Guinea Pig</p><p>Cavia magna</p><p>French: Grand Cobaye / German: Riesenmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cobaya grande</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia magna Ximenez, 1980,</p><p>“en las orillas del arroyo Imbé, municipio de Tramandai, estado de Rio Grande del Sur, Brasil.”</p><p>This species is monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. SE Brazil, in Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states (N to 29° S, 49° W) and E Uruguay in the Rocha Department (S to 34° S, 54° W).</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 220-345 mm, ear 22-32 mm, hindfoot 46-57 mm; weight 440-840 g. The Greater Guinea Pig is the largest species of Cavia . Itis agouti with shiny black streaking dorsally, darkest on top of head and back. Venteris reddish. Enlarged membranes between digits form webbed feet.</p><p>Habitat. Wetlands and coastal marshes along the south-eastern coast of Brazil. Greater Guinea Pigs make and use complex systems of tunnels in the vegetation.</p><p>Food and Feeding. The Greater Guinea Pig is herbivorous and consumes grasses and aquatic vegetation.</p><p>Breeding. Reproduction of the Greater Guinea Pig occurs year-round, and gestation is c.64 days. Females can produce three litters/year and reach sexual maturity at 30-45 days old. Young are highly precocial at birth.</p><p>Activity patterns. There is no specific information available for this species, but the Greater Guinea Pig is likely diurnal and active year-round.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Male Greater Guinea Pigs have extremely large home ranges (11,830 m?), ¢.50% larger than females (7670 m?). Home ranges overlap, and there is no evidence ofterritoriality. Social system is described as solitary and likely promiscuous because reproduction is not synchronized among females.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Greater Guinea Pig has a broad distribution and large estimated population size.</p><p>Bibliography. Adrian &amp; Sachser (2011), Dunnum (2015), Dunnum &amp; SalazarBravo (2010a), Eisenberg &amp; Redford (1999), de Oliveira &amp; Bonvicino (2006), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005), Ximenez (1980).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB2534225EAFB385B01B290	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB2534220EEFA28580FB6E5.text	03FF87C7FFB2534220EEFA28580FB6E5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microcavia australis (I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & d'Orbigny 1833)	<div><p>7.</p><p>Southern Mountain Cavy</p><p>Microcavia australis</p><p>French: Cobaye austral / German: Stdliches Zwergmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cuy de Patagonia</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia australis I.Geoffroy SaintHilaire &amp; d’Orbigny, 1833,</p><p>“sur les bords du Rio Negro, vers le Quarante-uniéme degre,” lower Rio Negro, Argentina .</p><p>Three subspecies are recognized.</p><p>Subspecies and Distribution.</p><p>M.a.australis1.GeoffroySaint-Hilaire&amp;d’Orbigny,1833—W&amp;SArgentina,fromSanJuanSEtoSBuenosAiresandStoSantaCruzprovinces,andWChile(AysénRegion).</p><p>M.a.maenasThomas,1898—NWArgentina,MtsofJujuy,Salta,Catamarca,andLaRiojaprovinces.</p><p>M. a. salinia Thomas, 1921 — NW Argentina,salt flat regions of E Catamarca and E La Rioja, SW Santiago del Estero, NW Cordoba S to N San Luis provinces.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 170-245 mm, ear 14-20 mm, hindfoot 35-50 mm; weight 141-340 g. The Southern Mountain Cavy is the most abundant and well studied of the mountain cavies. It is olive-gray agouti, with a pale gray venter, sometimes washed with yellow. It has distinct white rings around eyes. It differs from its congeners, the Northern Mountain Cavy (M. niata) and Shipton’s Mountain Cavy (M. shiptoni), by having orthodont, instead of proodont, incisors.</p><p>Habitat. Semiarid habitats ranging from dry grasslands to thornscrub to riparian woodlands in dry gullies and also disturbed habitats including cultivated areas, rock walls, and rock piles. The Southern Mountain Cavy is frequently associated with low shrubs like Larrea (Zygophyllaceae), where they construct burrow systems.</p><p>Food and Feeding. Southern Mountain Cavies are herbivorous and feed on leaves, grasses, shoots, buds, and fruits; they also gnaw on bark. They often climb into shrubs to feed on leaves and leap to the ground when startled.</p><p>Breeding. There have been multiple detailed studies on reproduction and social behavior of the Southern Mountain Cavy. In one study in Argentina, breeding season was c.9 months, but at a site with a more arid and seasonal climate in Argentina, breeding season was c.7 months. Mean litter size is 2-8 young, and gestation is 53-55 days. Young are born at ¢.30 g. Age at first reproduction is ¢.85 days, and females exhibit a postpartum estrus.</p><p>Activity patterns. The Southern Mountain Cavy is diurnal and is active all day and throughout the year.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Male Southern Mountain Cavies form linear dominance hierarchies in colonies of 4-38 individuals in the Monte Desert, Argentina . Densities in grassland habitat in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina, reached 24 ind/ha. Home ranges of males average 0-75 ha, about double that offemales, and home ranges of males and females overlap. Female groups have high levels of stability and social tolerance, generally associated with a burrow system. Mating system of the Southern Mountain Cavy is promiscuous to polygynous. Female—female interactions vary from non-aggressive to cooperative.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Southern Mountain Cavy has a large distribution, is abundant, and tolerates human disturbance.</p><p>Bibliography. Adrian &amp; Sachser (2011), Canevari &amp; Vaccaro (2007), Contreras &amp; Roig (1978), Dunnum (2015), Mares et al. (1989), Redford &amp; Eisenberg (1992), Rood (1970, 1972), Taraborelli &amp; Moreno (2009), Tognelli et al. (1995), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB2534220EEFA28580FB6E5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB553452042F8245869B721.text	03FF87C7FFB553452042F8245869B721.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galea flavidens (Brandt 1835)	<div><p>11.</p><p>Eastern Yellow-toothed Cavy</p><p>Galea flavidens</p><p>French: Cobaye a dents jaunes / German: Ostliches Wieselmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cuy de dientes amarillos oriental</p><p>Other common names: Brazilian Yellow-toothed Cavy, Yellow-toothed Cavy</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia flavidens Brandt, 1835,</p><p>“Patria, Brasilia.”</p><p>Galea flavidens is similar in overall appearance to G. spixii and considered to be a synonym by some. Monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. C Brazil (Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park, Goias Province), but distributional limits are poorly defined.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 205-231 mm, ear 24-25 mm, hindfoot 43-47 mm; weight 150-330 g. Dorsum grayish with a brownish tint, similar overall to Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavy (G. spixiz), but has a blackish dorsal area extending from eyes to nape. The abdomen and inner sides of the limbs are whitish.</p><p>Habitat. Known only from a small region in cerrado savanna woodlands of Brazil.</p><p>Food and Feeding. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Breeding. A pregnant Eastern Yellow-toothed Cavy with one embryo was observed in November in a rocky cerrado formation.</p><p>Activity patterns. There is no specific information available for this species, but the Eastern Yellow-toothed Cavy is presumably diurnal like other Galea .</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Conservation status of the Eastern Yellow-toothed Cavy is based on its supposedly large distribution that is not immediately threatened.</p><p>Bibliography. Bonvicino, Lemos &amp; Weksler (2005), Dunnum (2015), Eisenberg &amp; Redford (1999), de Oliveira &amp; Bonvicino (2006), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB553452042F8245869B721	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB5534525B6F3635689BC4A.text	03FF87C7FFB5534525B6F3635689BC4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galea spixii Meyen 1832	<div><p>10.</p><p>Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavy</p><p>Galea spixii</p><p>French: Cobaye de Spix / German: Spix-Wieselmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cuy de Spix</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia spixii Wagler, 1831,</p><p>“Amazonenstrome [= Amazon River].” Clarified by W. H. Osgood in 1915 to “Campos Geraes de San Felipe ... lying just east of ... Januaria, Bahia [= in Minas Gerais state],” Brazil. Restricted by A. Cabrera in 1961 to Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.</p><p>Three subspecies are recognized.</p><p>Subspecies and Distribution.</p><p>G.s.spixiiWagler,1831—EBrazil,Wlimitsundefined.</p><p>G.s.palustrisThomas,1911—NEBrazil,SoftheAmazonRiverinmoremesicregions.</p><p>G. s. wellsi Osgood, 1915 — NE Brazil, restricted to lowland caatinga semiarid regions.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 225-234 mm, ear 25-26, hindfoot 46-51 mm; weight c.400 g (maximum 520 g). Greatest length of skull is 55-57-5 mm. Adult Spix’s Yellowtoothed Cavies are gray tinged, with brown back, light sides, and whitish abdomen. There are two small white marks, one above the eye and the other behind the ear. Incisors are yellow.</p><p>Habitat. Semiarid caatinga thornscrub woodlands and disturbed areas with cultivation. Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavies form well-marked runways that they use regularly. They also clear small areas for sand bathing. They do not construct burrows, likely due to extremely rocky soil in the caatinga, but they construct temporary nest sites under rocks or low vegetation.</p><p>Food and Feeding. Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavies are herbivorous, foraging on grasses and other low vegetation.</p><p>Breeding. Reproduction of Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavy was continuous in a large seminatural colony. Females underwent postpartum estrus, and gestation lasted 49-52 days. Litter size averaged 2-2 young (range 1-5).</p><p>Activity patterns. Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavies are active year-round and at any time of the day. Peak activity is crepuscular.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Home range estimates of Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavies in caatinga averaged 872 m? for males and 632 m” for females. Male and female home ranges overlapped extensively. Males scent-marked territories and were very aggressive toward each other. Males and females have strong linear dominance hierarchies, and females seem to exhibit some mate choice when interacting with males. Mating system is promiscuous, tending toward a form of male dominance polygyny.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Spix’s Yellow-toothed Cavy is abundant throughoutits large distribution and tolerates moderate levels of habitat modification.</p><p>Bibliography. Adrian &amp; Sachser (2011), Cabrera (1961), Dunnum (2015), Eisenberg &amp; Redford (1999), da Fonseca et al. (1996), Lacher (1981), de Oliveira &amp; Bonvicino (2006), Osgood (1915), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB5534525B6F3635689BC4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB553452543F89D5EA2B0C9.text	03FF87C7FFB553452543F89D5EA2B0C9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Microcavia shiptoni (Thomas 1925)	<div><p>9.</p><p>Shipton’s Mountain Cavy</p><p>Microcavia shiptoni</p><p>French: Cobaye de Shipton / German: Shipton-Zwergmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cuy de Shipton</p><p>Taxonomy. Nanocavia shiptoni Thomas, 1925,</p><p>“Laguna Blanca, Catamarca. Alttude 3400 m,” Argentina .</p><p>This species is monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. NW Argentina, in the highlands of Salta, Catamarca, and Tucuman provinces.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 186 mm (maximum 220 mm), ear 17 mm, hindfoot 37 mm; weight 150-220 g. Shipton’s Mountain Cavy is a small cavy. Back is dull brown to tawny, and venter is buffy white or whitish. Ears are short with fine buffy hairs.</p><p>Habitat. Andean and pre-Andean shrublands at elevations of 3000-4500 m.</p><p>Food and Feeding. There is no specific information available for this species, but Shipton’s Mountain Cavy is no doubt herbivorous.</p><p>Breeding. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. Shipton’s Mountain Cavy has a small and fragmented distribution. Overgrazing in the region is degrading habitat quality. Its distribution overlaps Los Cardones National Park, where it probably receives some protection from disturbance.</p><p>Bibliography. Canevari &amp; Vaccaro (2007), Dunnum (2015), Mares et al. (1989), Redford &amp; Eisenberg (1992), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB553452543F89D5EA2B0C9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB553452549FEB55A17BD80.text	03FF87C7FFB553452549FEB55A17BD80.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mucrocavia niata (Thomas 1898)	<div><p>8.</p><p>Northern Mountain Cavy</p><p>Mucrocavia niata</p><p>French: Cobaye de Bolivie / German: Nordliches Zwergmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cuy de los Andes</p><p>Other common names: Andean Mountain Cavy</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia niata Thomas, 1898,</p><p>“Esperanza, a ‘tambo’in the neighbourhood of Mount Sahama, Bolivia...at an altitude of 4000 metres in the ‘Puna’ region,” La Paz, Bolivia .</p><p>Two subspecies are recognized.</p><p>Subspecies and Distribution.</p><p>M.n.niataThomas,1898—borderareasbetweenWBolivia(SWLaPazandNWOrurodepartments)andNEChile(TarapacaRegion).</p><p>M. m. pallidior Thomas, 1902 — Oruro and N Potosi departments, SW Bolivia.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 190-200 mm, ear 13-22 mm, hindfoot 34-41 mm; weight 380 g. Greatest length of skull reported for the subspecies pallidiorwas 46-5 mm. The Northern Mountain Cavy is similar in appearance to the Southern Mountain Cavy (M. australis). Dorsum is pale yellowish buff; face, cheeks, and upper surface offeet are whitish buff; and venteris whitish buffy.</p><p>Habitat. Boggy areas in Chile to sandy,salt flats in Bolivia at elevations of 3700-4000 m. At both areas, Northern Mountain Cavies occur in close proximity to burrows of tucotucos ( Ctenomys, Ctenomyidae). They also occupy burrows, perhaps those abandoned by tuco-tucos.</p><p>Food and Feeding. Northern Mountain Cavies forage on grasses, sedges, aquatic plants ( Apiaceae), and herbaceous vegetation ( Asteraceae); they eat Peruvian feather grass ( Stipa ichu, Poaceae) in Bolivia.</p><p>Breeding. Occasional observations of pregnant Northern Mountain Cavies are made in November (Bolivia) and pregnant and lactating females in February (Chile).</p><p>Activity patterns. There is no specific information available for this species, but the Northern Mountain Cavy is reportedly active from dawn to dusk.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Observations suggest that Northern Mountain Cavies occur in multimale-multifemale colonies of up to 15 individuals. They appearto be highly territorial and aggressive, and they give alarm calls when threatened.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. Distribution of the Northern Mountain Cavy is large, and populations appear to be healthy.</p><p>Bibliography. Canevari &amp; Vaccaro (2007), Dunnum (2015), Redford &amp; Eisenberg (1992), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB553452549FEB55A17BD80	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB5534420BCF33F5C61BCC3.text	03FF87C7FFB5534420BCF33F5C61BCC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galea musteloides Meyen 1833	<div><p>12.</p><p>Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy</p><p>Galea musteloides</p><p>French: Cobaye belette / German: \Wieselmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cuy de montana</p><p>Other common names: Common Yellow-toothed Cavy</p><p>Taxonomy. Galea musteloides Meyen, 1833,</p><p>“auf dem Passe von Tacna nach dem Alpensee von Titicaca [= on the pass of Tacna to the alpine lake of Titicaca],” Peru .</p><p>Much published data on G. musteloides is actually from G. leucoblephara based on a revision of Galea by J. L. Dunnum and J. Salazar-Bravo in 2010. The “Muenster Yellow-toothed Cavy,” C. monasteriensis, is considered here a synonym of G. musteloides boliviensis. Three subspecies recognized.</p><p>Subspecies and Distribution.</p><p>G.m.musteloidesMeyen,1833—AndeanAltiplano,inSEPeru,WBolivia,andNChile.</p><p>G.m.aucepsThomas,1911—highlandareasSofLakeTiticacainSEPeru(PunoDepartment)andWBolivia(LaPazDepartment).</p><p>G. m. boliviensis Waterhouse, 1848 — E Bolivian Altiplano.</p><p>Descriptive notes. There are no specific data available, but external measurements are likely similar to the Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy (G. leucoblephara). Highland Yellowtoothed Cavies are characterized by brownish fur, with yellowish to olive dorsal tinge. Venteris white; dorsal and ventral colors are distinctly demarcated. Ears have covers of yellowish brown hairs—a characteristic that varies among subspecies.</p><p>Habitat. High-elevation grasslands in the central Andes. Highland Yellow-Toothed Cavies either build burrows or occupy abandoned burrows of tuco-tucos ( Ctenomys, Ctenomyidae).</p><p>Food and Feeding. There is no information available forthis species.</p><p>Breeding. Gestation is ¢.55 days (50-58). Litter sizes are 1-7 young; neonates weigh c.40 g at birth.</p><p>Activity patterns. The Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy is diurnal and active year-round.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Much ofthe literature on the Highland Yellow-Toothed Cavy reports it to be promiscuous, but these studies were actually conducted on the Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy. Social behavior of the Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy was studied as the “Muenster Yellow-toothed Cavy,” now a synonym of the subspecies boliviensis. Studies on a captive colony of the Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy suggest that it is monogamous. Unfamiliar individuals are extremely aggressive toward each other, but established pairs showed no aggression, even when separated and reunited. This is a relatively rare example of monogamy in mammals, as also occurs in the Patagonian Mara ( Dolichotis patagonum).</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List (as G. monasteriensis, now one of three subspecies, boliviensis, of the Highland Yellow-Toothed Cavy). The current IUCN assessment applies more correctly to the broadly distributed Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy (G. leucoblephara). The overall conservation status of the Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy needs to be reassessed.</p><p>Bibliography. Adrian &amp; Sachser (2011), Canevari &amp; Vaccaro (2007), Dunnum (2015), Dunnum &amp; Salazar-Bravo (2010b), Redford &amp; Eisenberg (1992), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB5534420BCF33F5C61BCC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB453442586F85C5C58B79D.text	03FF87C7FFB453442586F85C5C58B79D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galea comes Thomas 1919	<div><p>13.</p><p>Southern Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy</p><p>Galea comes</p><p>French: Cobaye du Jujuy / German: Sidliches Wieselmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cuy de dientes amarillos meridional</p><p>Taxonomy. Galea comes Thomas, 1919,</p><p>“Maimara, 2230 m,” Jujuy, Argentina .</p><p>Traditionally, G. comes was included as a form of G. musteloides, but J. L.. Dunnum and J. Salazar-Bravo in 2010 elevated it to full species status. Monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. Andes of S Bolivia (Tarija Department) and N Argentina (Jujuy Province).</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 243 mm, ear 22 mm, hindfoot 39 mm (all from the holotype). No specific data are available for body weight, but it is likely very similar to that of the Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy (G. leucoblephara). Greatest length of skull is 54 mm. Dorsum of Southern Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy is somewhat mottled, a mix of olive, brown, and tan. Venteris yellow-white. Dorsal and ventral colors are not sharply distinct. Ears are covered with orange hairs, and eye rings are yellow.</p><p>Habitat. Rough brambly ground at high elevation in the Andes. Southern Highland Yellow-toothed Cavies might use burrow of tuco-tucos ( Ctenomys, Ctenomyidae).</p><p>Food and Feeding. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Breeding. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no specific information for this species, but Southern Highland Yellow-toothed Cavies might form colonies of many individuals.</p><p>Status and Conservation. The Southern Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy has not yet been assessed as a distinct species on The IUCN Red List. At the time of the last [UCN assessment, the Southern Highland Yellow-toothed Cavy was included as a form of G. musteloides, but it was not named or formally assessed as a subspecies.</p><p>Bibliography. Dunnum (2015), Dunnum &amp; Salazar-Bravo (2010b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB453442586F85C5C58B79D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB45344258BF29256FEBC17.text	03FF87C7FFB45344258BF29256FEBC17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Galea leucoblephara (Burmeister 1861)	<div><p>14.</p><p>Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy</p><p>Galea leucoblephara</p><p>French: Cobaye a lunettes / German: Tiefland-Wieselmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Cuy de dientes amarillos de tierras bajas</p><p>Taxonomy. Anoema leucoblephara Burmeister, 1861,</p><p>“Mendoza wie bei Tucuman [=Mendoza Province as in Tucuman Province,” Argentina. Restricted by |. Yepes in 1936 to “Mendoza, Argentina.”</p><p>This species now encompasses the entire lower elevation and higher latitude distribution of what was part of the former G. musteloides . Three subspecies recognized.</p><p>Subspecies and Distribution.</p><p>G.l.leucoblepharaBurmeister,1861—WArgentina,fromSCatamarcaProvinceSthroughLaRioja,SanJuan,Cordoba,SanLuis,andMendozaprovinces.</p><p>G.l.demissaThomas,1921—DryChacowoodlandsofC&amp;SBolivia,WParaguay,andNArgentina(StoSantiagodelEsteroandCatamarcaprovinces).</p><p>G. l. littoralis Thomas, 1901 — S Argentina, from Mendoza and La Pampa provinces E to coastal Buenos Aires and S to Chubut provinces.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head—body 198-235 mm, ear 18 mm, hindfoot 39 mm; weight 180-280 g. Greatest length of skull is 47 mm. Color of the Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy is olive to reddish on back and yellowish on flanks; venter is yellowish white. Eye rings are distinct and pure white.</p><p>Habitat. Arid to mesic grasslands.</p><p>Food and Feeding. The Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy is herbivorous, with a dependence on grasses.</p><p>Breeding. Gestation of c¢.53 days and average littersize of three young were reported for G. musteloides . Reproduction occurred year-round. Males reproduce at ¢.3 months and females slightly earlier at c.2 months. Females have two pairs of mammae, one inguinal and one abdominal.</p><p>Activity patterns. The Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy is diurnal and active year-round.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Male and female Lowland Yellowtoothed Cavies have linear hierarchies, but females are more socially tolerant, often huddling and allonursing. Home ranges of males are very large; female home ranges are only c.20% the size of male home ranges. Male home ranges therefore overlap many female home ranges. Males are very aggressive toward other males, including young males, but are less aggressive toward young females. Mating behavior is promiscuous, with 50-80% oflitters having multiple paternities. Males show no parentalcare.</p><p>Status and Conservation. The Lowland Yellow-toothed Cavy is notclassified on The [UCN Red List because of recent revisions of Galea . Nevertheless, it will likely be classified as Least Concern because ofits relative wide distribution and presumably large population.</p><p>Bibliography. Adrian &amp; Sachser (2011), Canevari &amp; Vaccaro (2007), Dunnum (2015), Dunnum &amp; SalazarBravo (2010b), Redford &amp; Eisenberg (1992), Rood (1970, 1972), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005), Yepes (1936).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB45344258BF29256FEBC17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB45347208DF7645EACBF4C.text	03FF87C7FFB45347208DF7645EACBF4C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris (Linnaeus 1766)	<div><p>15.</p><p>Greater Capybara</p><p>Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris</p><p>French: Grand Capybara / German: \Wasserschwein / Spanish: Capibara</p><p>Other common names: Capybara, Carpincho</p><p>Taxonomy. Sus hydrochaeris Linnaeus, 1766,</p><p>“Surinamo.” Restricted by A. Feijo and A. Langguth in 2013 to “Rio Sao Francisco, 2 km sudoeste da cidade de Penedo, estado de Sergipe, Brasil” by selection of neotype .</p><p>Based on J. L. Dunnum’s 2015 treatment, no subspecies are recognized. Monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. Broad distribution E of the Andes, in Colombia, Venezuela, the Guyanas, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and NW &amp; E Argentina.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 1070-1340 mm, tail 10-20 mm, ear 60-70 mm, hindfoot 220-250 mm; weight 35-65 kg. The Greater Capybara is the world’s largest rodent and is unmistakable in the field. It is brown to reddish brown dorsally and generally lighter on sides. Pelage is coarse. Ears and eyes are small and set higher on skull as an adaptation to aquatic habits. Feet are webbed. An adult male has a large oval gland on rostrum, which is quite visible.</p><p>Habitat. Aquatic habitats including marshes, ponds, lagoons, streams, and riversides. Greater Capybaras are generally found in tropical and subtropical habitats, forested areas, and grasslands like those of the Llanos of Venezuela and the Brazilian Pantanal.</p><p>Food and Feeding. Greater Capybaras forage on grasses, sedges, and aquatic vegetation. They occasionally browse on shrubs.</p><p>Breeding. Greater Capybaras breed year-round in moist tropical habitats, with generally one or occasionally two litters per year. There is often a peak birth month: e.g. February in the Brazilian Pantanal. Litter size averages 3-5 young (range 1-7). Gestation lasts 120-150 days. Females have six pairs of ventral mammae.</p><p>Activity patterns. Greater Capybaras can be active at any time of the day, but they are most active after dawn and in the early evening. In regions where there is strong hunting pressure, they are mostly nocturnal.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Greater Capybaras live in large groups of extended family members. Group sizes are 2-30 individuals; each group generally has one dominant male that breeds. Mating system is a form of resource defense polygyny, where males defend access to foraging resources associated with bodies of water, which are also critical for predator escape. Males emit alarm barks, and groups flee to the water where they can swim under the surface. Home rangesize is variable and depends on habitat quality, varying from 10 ha in resource-rich areas to more than 200 ha in resource-poor habitats. In the Brazilian Pantanal, groups of Greater Capybaras as large as 37 individuals were observed, with mean group sizes of 3-6-5-8 individuals. Density can be nearly 15 ind/ha.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Greater Capybara has an extremely wide distribution, is present in many protected areas, and occurs at high densities in many regions. Hunting for meat and leather is a primary threat, but there are a number of captive populations that have reduced demand.</p><p>Bibliography. Alho &amp; Rondon (1987), Asheret al. (2008), Dunnum (2015), Eisenberg &amp; Redford (1999), Emmons (1997a), Feijo &amp; Langguth (2013), Ferraz et al. (2007), Macdonald (1981, 2001), de Oliveira &amp; Bonvicino (2006), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB45347208DF7645EACBF4C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB753472542FB225B0FB220.text	03FF87C7FFB753472542FB225B0FB220.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrochoerus isthmius Goldman 1912	<div><p>16.</p><p>Lesser Capybara</p><p>Hydrochoerus isthmius</p><p>French: Capybara du Panama / German: Kleines \Wasserschwein / Spanish: Capibara pequena</p><p>Taxonomy. Hydrochoerus isthmius Goldman, 1912,</p><p>“Marraganti, near the head of tide-water on the Rio Tuyra, eastern Panama,” Darién Province .</p><p>This species is monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. E Panama into W Colombia, and NW Venezuela (Zulia State).</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 1025 mm, hindfoot 200 mm (holotype). No specific data are available for body weight. Greatest length of skull is 200 mm. The Lesser Capybara is very similar in external morphology but slightly smaller overall than the Greater Capybara ( H. hydrochaeris). Pelage of the Lesser Capybara is coarse and a dark reddish brown, with some blackish regions on rump and hindlegs in some individuals.</p><p>Habitat. Bodies of water or streamside habitats.</p><p>Food and Feeding. There is no specific information for this species, but the Lesser Capybara is herbivorous, apparently similar to the Greater Capybara.</p><p>Breeding. In Venezuela, breeding of Lesser Capybaras occurs year-round. Gestation lasts 104-111 days. Litter sizes are 2-8 young.</p><p>Activity patterns. The Lesser Capybara is shy and reclusive and apparently forages in small groups. Outside the Panama Canal Zone, they are described as largely nocturnal.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. There are no data on trends in population or distribution of the Lesser Capybara that allow for a valid conservation assessment. Subsistence hunting and habitat loss are threats in parts of its distribution.</p><p>Bibliography. Dunnum (2015), Eisenberg (1989), Reid (1997), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB753472542FB225B0FB220	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB753472047F995597FB03F.text	03FF87C7FFB753472047F995597FB03F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kerodon acrobata Moojen, Locks & Langguth 1997	<div><p>18.</p><p>Acrobatic Cavy</p><p>Kerodon acrobata</p><p>French: Cobaye acrobate / German: Grol 3es Felsenmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Moco acrobata</p><p>Other common names: Acrobatic Moco, Climbing Cavy</p><p>Taxonomy. Kerodon acrobata Moojen, Locks &amp; Langguth, 1997,</p><p>“Fazenda Santa Helena, at Rio Sao Mateus, about 72 km from Sao Domingos and 60 km from Posse (by road), 13° 50’ S, 46° 50’ W, Goias, Brazil.”</p><p>This species is monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. C Brazil, in NE Goias and adjacent Tocantins states (W of the Serra Geral de Goias).</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body averages 384 mm, ear 33-5 mm, hindfoot 72 mm; weight 1 kg. Greatest length of skull is 87-6 mm. The Acrobatic Cavy is larger than the Rock Cavy ( K. rupestris), but their external morphologies are similar. Pelage of the Acrobatic Cavy is dark gray to light brown dorsally, with long, dark guard hairs. Venteris buffy gray. Rump and hindlimbs are lightly ferruginous—much less so than the Rock Cavy— with feet tinged orange-brown dorsally, much more so on the hindfeet. Tail is vestigial.</p><p>Habitat. Seasonally dry tropical forest in cerrado regions of Brazil. The Acrobatic Cavy occurs in rocky limestone outcrops, emerging to climb and forage on trees.</p><p>Food and Feeding. The Acrobatic Cavy forages on leaves, flowers, buds, and bark.</p><p>Breeding. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Activity patterns. There is no specific information available for this species, but the Acrobatic Cavy appears to be much like the Rock Cavy, which is largely crepuscular.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no information available for this species.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Data Deficient on The IUCN Red List. Nevertheless, Bezerra and colleagues in 2010 recommended a classification of Near Threatened, based on distribution less than 20,000 km? and occurrence in less than ten localities.</p><p>Bibliography. Bezerra et al. (2010), Dunnum (2015), Moojen et al. (1997), de Oliveira &amp; Bonvicino (2006), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB753472047F995597FB03F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB7534725BFF5FD566FBE98.text	03FF87C7FFB7534725BFF5FD566FBE98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kerodon rupestris (Wied-Neuwied 1820)	<div><p>17.</p><p>Rock Cavy</p><p>Kerodon rupestris</p><p>French: Cobaye des rochers / German: Felsenmeerschweinchen / Spanish: Mocé de roca</p><p>Other common names: Moco</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia rupestris Wied-Neuwied, 1820,</p><p>“Rio Grande de Belmonte, am Rio Pardo, am S. Francisco,” Bahia, Brazil.</p><p>This species is monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. NE Brazil, from Ceara S to N Minas Geraisstates.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head—body 297 mm, ear 32-35 mm, hindfoot 62 mm; weight 612 g¢ (maximum of 950 g). Mean greatest length of skull is 70-6 mm, with a very large diastema. The Rock Cavy has dense, soft fur thatis gray-agouti on back, with black and white flecking. Hairs have black tips. Hindquarters are brown to rufous brown that becomes more intensely rufous on rump and hindlegs. Throat and venter are white to yellowish white. Feet have soft, leathery soles padded for locomotion on rocky outcrops. Rock Cavies do not have claws, except small grooming claws on innermost digit of hindfeet, and nails are subcutaneous. Tail is vestigial.</p><p>Habitat. Rocky outcrops in semiarid caatinga, finding shelter in deep fissures or under boulders. Habitats of Rock Cavies vary from small, scattered boulders on flat granitic surfaces to large, exposed granitic ranges. In all of these habitats, vegetation remains green during the dry season and all but the most severe irregular droughts, providing green vegetation for foraging.</p><p>Food and Feeding. Rock Cavies are herbivorous and maintains a varied diet of leaves, flowers, buds, bark, and occasionally fruit when available. They emerge from rocky shelters and forage in shrubs and trees. They are excellent climbers and often are observed foraging high in treetops, where they gather tender leaves from tips of branches.</p><p>Breeding. Rock Cavies breed year-round, although breeding lapses for a few months in some areas. Mating system is a form of resource defense polygyny, where males defend a cluster of boulders that provides food and shelter for multiple females. Young are highly precocious and grow extremely fast. Mean age at conception was 151 days in captivity. Gestation lasts 75-76 days, and litter size averages 1-4 young, with triplets rarely observed. Sex ratio at birth is 1:1.</p><p>Activity patterns. The Rock Cavy is largely crepuscular, but it can be observed throughout the day depending upon weather conditions. It is active throughoutthe year.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Home range of the Rock Cavy is difficult to estimate due to structural habitat complexity and avoidance of any form oflive traps. Males defend a cluster of boulders large enough to provide resources for several females and recent offspring. Males maintain a harem of females in a form a resource defense polygyny, where one dominant male defends sufficient resources for multiple females that use rocks and associated trees for shelter and foraging. Male Rock Cavies are rarely aggressive toward their offspring but are very aggressive toward outsider males. Females maintain a strong linear dominance hierarchy within the breeding group.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Rock Cavy occurs over a very broad area, much of which is isolated. Its distribution also includes large protected areas. Hunting pressure in rural areas is high, so careful monitoring of Rock Cavies is warranted.</p><p>Bibliography. Dunnum (2015), Eisenberg &amp; Redford (1999), da Fonseca et al. (1996), Lacher (1979, 1981), Lacher et al. (1982), de Oliveira &amp; Bonvicino (2006), Roberts et al. (1984), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB7534725BFF5FD566FBE98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB753462041F30E555ABACE.text	03FF87C7FFB753462041F30E555ABACE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichotis patagonum (Zimmermann 1780)	<div><p>19.</p><p>Patagonian Mara</p><p>Dolichotis patagonum</p><p>French: Mara de Patagonie / German: Grof 3er Pampashase / Spanish: Mara de Patagonia</p><p>Other common names: Mara, Patagonian Cavy, Patagonian Hare</p><p>Taxonomy. Cavia patagonum Zimmermann, 1780,</p><p>type locality not given. Identified by G. H. H. Tate in 1935 as “Patagonia,” Argentina .</p><p>Two subspecies are recognized.</p><p>Subspecies and Distribution.</p><p>D.p.patagonumZimmermann,1780—C&amp;SArgentina,fromCBuenosAiresWtoCordoba,SanLuis,andMendozaprovinces,andStoSantaCruzProvince.AlthoughtherearenodefinitiverecordsthissubspeciesispossiblypresentinSChile(AysénRegion)inborderareaswithArgentina.</p><p>D. p. centricola Thomas, 1902 — NW Argentina, in S Catamarca, E La Rioja, SW Santiago del Estero, and NW Cordoba provinces.</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 600-800 mm, tail averages 25-40 mm, ear 90-103 mm, hindfoot 130-160 mm; weigh 7-9 kg. Greatest lengths of skull are 125-135 mm. The Patagonian Mara is the larger of the two species of Dolichotis . Both species are agoutigray dorsally and have whitish venter and flanks. Rump of the Patagonian Mara has a very distinct white patch, separated from dorsum by a dark line, making the patch very prominent. Flanks, cheeks, chin, and chest are orange-brown. Head and ears are large for the body, which combined with elongated limbs gives maras a hare-like appearance.</p><p>Habitat. Variety of open habitats, including grasslands, shrublands, and other semiarid open areas.</p><p>Food and Feeding. Patagonian Maras are herbivorous and feed preferentially on grasses, but they also eat a variety of shrubs and forbs. Recent research shows that grasses are selected even when abundances of other plants are higher.</p><p>Breeding. In Patagonia, reproduction occurs once a year, with average littersize of two young. Gestation is ¢.100 days. Young Patagonian Maras are highly precocial at birth, and females can reproduce at c¢.8 months of age. Females have four pairs of ventral mammae. Reproductive success is higher when Patagonia Maras use warrens in open grassy habitats than in more sheltered tall shrub habitats. Therefore, overgrazing by domestic livestock could cause a decline of maras throughout their distribution.</p><p>Activity patterns. Patagonian Maras are diurnal and active all day, with peaks in early morning and late afternoon.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. Patagonian Maras are among the few monogamous mammals, and adults form stable pair bonds. Pairs avoid each other, maintaining separation as they forage. During the breeding season, there is more social tolerance and multiple pairs will use a communal den or warren. Male Patagonian Maras remain actively vigilant. Survival of young is enhanced in large warrens. Home ranges are highly variable (33-198 ha) and average 98 ha. Home range size depends on density of forage resources. There is overlap in home ranges among pairs, and their locations drift throughout the year,likely in response to patterns of resource depletion.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Near Threatened on The IUCN Red List. The Patagonian Mara has declined by ¢.30% over the past 10 years. Its widespread distribution has become increasingly fragmented by conversion of grasslands to pasture, and it is affected by hunting.</p><p>Bibliography. Baldi (2007), Canevari &amp; Vaccaro (2007), Dubost &amp; Genest (1974), Dunnum (2015), Redford &amp; Eisenberg (1992), Sombra &amp; Mangione (2005), Taber &amp; Macdonald (1992a, 1992b), Tate (1935), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB753462041F30E555ABACE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
03FF87C7FFB65346208AFDAB586DBCB1.text	03FF87C7FFB65346208AFDAB586DBCB1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dolichotis salinicola Burmeister 1876	<div><p>20.</p><p>Chacoan Mara</p><p>Dolichotis salinicola</p><p>French: Mara du Chaco / German: Kleiner Pampashase / Spanish: Mara del Chaco</p><p>Other common names: Dwarf Mara, Dwarf Patagonian Cavy, Dwarf Patagonian Hare</p><p>Taxonomy. Dolichotis salinicola Burmeister, 1876,</p><p>“Central Argentine Railway... near the stations Totoralejo and Recreo, about lat. 29° S and 65° W,” Catamarca, Argentina .</p><p>This species is monotypic.</p><p>Distribution. Chaco ecoregion in extreme SE Bolivia, W Paraguay, and NW Argentina (S to Cordoba).</p><p>Descriptive notes. Head-body 420-485 mm, tail 19-20 mm, ear 58-64 mm, hindfoot 91-101 mm; weight 1.8-2.3 kg. The Chacoan Mara is very similar in external morphology to the Patagonian Mara ( D. patagonum), although smaller. Legs of the Chacoan Mara are long, and toes end on more hoof-like nails than claws. Dorsum is brownish gray to gray, and flanks, neck, and venter are white. Head and ears are large, contributing to a hare-like appearance.</p><p>Habitat. Chacoan dry forests and scrublands. Chacoan Maras dig burrows or use abandoned burrows of viscachas ( Chinchillidae).</p><p>Food and Feeding. The Chacoan Mara is herbivorous and eats grasses and green parts of shrubs and forbs.</p><p>Breeding. Gestation of the Chacoan Mara is ¢.2 months (up to 77 days reported), and litter sizes are 2-5 young. Females have two pairs of mammae.</p><p>Activity patterns. Chacoan Maras are diurnal and highly social. They are particularly active in early morning and late afternoon.</p><p>Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no specific information available for this species, but Chacoan Maras are frequently observed in pairs, suggesting that they are monogamous like Patagonian Maras.</p><p>Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Chacoan Mara occurs in a number of protected areas, including Kaa-Iya del Gran Chaco National Park and Integrated Management Natural Area in Bolivia and Defensores del Chaco National Park in Paraguay.</p><p>Bibliography. Dunnum (2015), Mares, Ojeda &amp; Barquez (1989), Mares, Ojeda &amp; Kosco (1981), Redford &amp; Eisenberg (1992), Woods &amp; Kilpatrick (2005).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FF87C7FFB65346208AFDAB586DBCB1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Don E. Wilson;Thomas E. Lacher, Jr;Russell A. Mittermeier	Don E. Wilson, Thomas E. Lacher, Jr, Russell A. Mittermeier (2016): Caviidae. In: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 6 Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions: 406-438, ISBN: 978-84-941892-3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.6585510
