identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03FEFB3D91437F35799472B6FB983584.text	03FEFB3D91437F35799472B6FB983584.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stropharia lignicola E. J. Tian 2021	<div><p>Stropharia lignicola E.J. Tian sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 3)</p> <p>MycoBank:—MB838568</p> <p>Diagnosis:— Stropharia lignicola is distinguished from other known species of the genus Stropharia by the greyish yellow pileus, white stipe with recurved yellowish squamules, the presence of the acanthocytes in both the hymenium and the stipe basal mycelium. Etymology:— lignicola, refers to its preference for growing on decaying fallen wood or stumps. Type:— CHINA. Hunan Province: Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve, Yongshun County, 510 m elev., 29 August 2014, P. Zhang 37429,</p> <p>Holotype (HMJAU!). GenBank: ITS= MW 492530; 28 S = MW 492633.</p> <p>Description:— Pileus 30–75 mm diam, hemispheric to convex, expanding to broadly convex with an incurved margin, obtusely umbonate; color greyish yellow (4B4–4B6), paler towards the margin; surface viscid, covered with pale tawny appressed spot-like squamules, or with slightly recurved to squarrose white scales at times; the margin at first appendiculate with pale yellow veil remnants. Context fleshy, whitish, odor and taste mild. Lamellae adnate, flesh (6B3) to camel (6D4), close, margins even, concolorous with faces. Stipe 40–50 mm long, 8–18 mm thick, central, dry, equal or slightly enlarged at base, color white, surface covered with recurved yellowish squamules towards base, hollow, white basal mycelium and well-developed rhizomorphs. Partial veil forming a yellowish membranous, sometimes evanescent annulus.</p> <p>Basidiospores (4.8)5–6 × 3.2–4.2(–5) μm, Q = 1.25–1.72, Q m = 1.43±0.12, elliptical to subovate in face-view, inequilateral in side-view, wall smooth and thickened, germ pore minute, pale rusty to pale dull tawny in KOH and Melzer’s reagent, sometimes paler in the latter. Basidia 18–27 × 6.5–8.9 μm, 4-spored, clavate, hyaline in KOH. Pleurocystidia as chrysocystidia, abundant, 17–34 × 5.5–11 μm, clavate, some tapering slightly near apex, thinwalled, smooth, hyaline in KOH, with an amorphous highly refractive yellowish brown content. Cheilocystidia thinwalled, smooth, 17–47 × 9.5–23 μm, clavate, with homogenous content. Caulocystidia absent. Gill trama of parallel to subparallel hyphae 2.5–9.8 μm diam, smooth, thin-walled, hyaline to yellowish in KOH. Pileipellis composed of yellowish to yellowish brown hyphae, 2–10 μm wide, with slight external incrustation. Context hyphae thin-walled, smooth, hyaline in KOH. Acanthocytes present in both the hymenium and the basal mycelium of stipe, thick-walled, with 6–13 pointed branches. Clamp connections present in all tissues.</p> <p>Habitat:—Gregarious to caespitose on decaying wood or stumps of Tilia sp. in a broad-leaved forest, in late summer and autumn.</p> <p>Material examined:— CHINA. Hunan Province: Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve, Yongshun County, 510 m elev., 29 August 2014, Ping Zhang 37429, (holotype, HMJAU!); same location, 5 September 2015, G. Cao 37510, (HMJAU!). USA. Tennessee: South Knoxville, Residential area, 15 August 2017, G. Burghardt TENN-F-071760, (TENN!) (Stropharia hardii)</p> <p>Comments:—This species is characterized mainly by the greyish yellow pileus, white stipe with recurved yellowish squamules, lack of caulocystidia, presence of acanthocytes in both hymenium and mycelium at base of stipe, and growth on hardwood stumps.</p> <p>The recurved yellowish squamules of the stipe and the habitat on decaying hardwood would suggest its placement in Pholiota. However, Stropharia lignicola is excluded morphologically from Pholiota based on the presence of acanthocytes, and molecularly, by the phylogenetic analyses in this study (Fig. 1).</p> <p>Stropharia lignicola is closely related to S. acanthocystis, S. apiahyna and S. coelhoi due to all species having cystidium-like acanthocytes in the hymenium (Cortez &amp; Silveira 2007, 2008; Seger et al. 2016). However, they are morphologically distinct. S. acanthocystis has a reddish brown, red to yellowish red pileus, pale yellow longitudinally striate stipe, and slightly larger basidiospores (6–7 × 4–5 μm) (Cortez &amp; Silveira 2007, 2008). S. apiahyna has a smaller pileus with a subtomentose to glabrous surface, a slim stipe with fibrils on the surface, and larger basidiospores (6–8 × 3.5–5 μm) (Cortez &amp; Silveira 2008). S. coelhoi has a dark brown pileus with a smooth surface and larger spores (10.5–14 × 6.5–8 μm) with a broader germ pore (Seger et al. 2016).</p> <p>In the phylogram (Fig 1), Stropharia lignicola is sister to S. hardii G.F. Atk. (1906: 194) and S. acanthostipitata Angelini &amp; Vizzini (2017: 158). When studying the specimen of S. hardii from Tennessee, USA (TENN-F-071760), we found that S. hardii is different from S. lignicola in the absence of hymenial acanthocytes, the spores without an obvious germ pore and the habitat, as it grows on soil not wood. S. acanthostipitata also can be easily distinguished from S. lignicola by the absence of hymenial acanthocytes (Vizzini et al. 2017).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEFB3D91437F35799472B6FB983584	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tian, Enjing;Gao, Chonghua;Xie, Xiaomei;Zheng, Yuan	Tian, Enjing, Gao, Chonghua, Xie, Xiaomei, Zheng, Yuan (2021): Stropharia lignicola (Strophariaceae, Agaricales), a new species with acanthocytes in the hymenium from China. Phytotaxa 505 (3): 286-296, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.505.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.505.3.4
03FEFB3D914C7F357994729CFA353140.text	03FEFB3D914C7F357994729CFA353140.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stropharia	<div><p>Key to the species of Stropharia known from China</p> <p>1. Stipe viscid to glutinous; on dung......................................................................................................................................................2</p> <p>- Stipe dry to slightly viscid when wet; on soil or wood......................................................................................................................3</p> <p>2. Basidiospores with a central germ pore...................................................................... S. semiglobata (Protostropharia semiglobata)</p> <p>- Basidiospores with an eccentric germ pore........................................................................ S. dorsipora (Protostropharia dorsipora)</p> <p>3. Pileus slightly viscid when wet; annulus grooved on upper surface..................................................................................................4</p> <p>- Pileus viscid to glutinous; annulus smooth on both sides..................................................................................................................8</p> <p>4. Basidiospores subhexagonal in side view..........................................................................................................................................5</p> <p>- Basidiospores non-subhexagonal in side view...................................................................................................................................7</p> <p>5. Pileus dark red to reddish brown............................................................................................................................ S. rugosoannulata</p> <p>- Pileus pale yellow to yellowish white................................................................................................................................................6</p> <p>6. Cheilocystidia as chrysocystidia; on enriched soil..................................................................................... S. rugosoannulata f. lutea</p> <p>- Cheilocystidia as leptocystidia, rarely chrysocystidia; on saline-alkali or barren soil..................................................... S. halophila</p> <p>7. Stipe short and thick; basidiospores with a minute or inconspicuous germ pore.............................................................. S. coronilla</p> <p>- Stipe slim; basidiospores with a conspicuous germ pore............................................................................................. S. yunnanensis</p> <p>8. Hymenial acanthocytes present......................................................................................................................................... S. lignicola</p> <p>- Hymenial acanthocytes absent...........................................................................................................................................................9</p> <p>9. Pileus without green tone.................................................................................................................................................................10</p> <p>- Pielus with green tone......................................................................................................................................................................12</p> <p>10. Pileus brown or pale.........................................................................................................................................................................11</p> <p>- Plileus dark brown or orange-yellow...............................................................................................................................................15</p> <p>11. Basidiospores without a germ pore, black brown in KOH...................................................................................... S. subsquamulosa</p> <p>- Basidiospores with a germ pore, slightly dark brown in KOH....................................................................................... S. albonitens</p> <p>12. Cheilocystidia as leptocystidia.........................................................................................................................................................13</p> <p>- Cheilocystidia as chrysocystidia................................................................................................................................ S. chrysocystidia</p> <p>13. Cheilocystidia clavate with a dull to capitate apex..........................................................................................................................14</p> <p>- Cheilocystidia flexuously cylindrical with a branched apex................................................................ S. aeruginosa var. earthworm</p> <p>14. Pileus fading brown or clay color in age................................................................................................... S. aeruginosa f. brunneola</p> <p>- Pileus grayish green with yellowish margin in age........................................................................................................ S. aeruginosa</p> <p>15. Basidiospores longer (&gt;10µm long)................................................................................................................................. S. squamosa</p> <p>- Basidiospores shorter (&lt;10μm long)...................................................................................................................................... S. earlei</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FEFB3D914C7F357994729CFA353140	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Tian, Enjing;Gao, Chonghua;Xie, Xiaomei;Zheng, Yuan	Tian, Enjing, Gao, Chonghua, Xie, Xiaomei, Zheng, Yuan (2021): Stropharia lignicola (Strophariaceae, Agaricales), a new species with acanthocytes in the hymenium from China. Phytotaxa 505 (3): 286-296, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.505.3.4, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.505.3.4
