taxonID	type	description	language	source
03FE87A8FFEBFF92FDDCFA8AFCC00740.taxon	type_taxon	Type genus: Tridymus Ratzeburg, 1848; treated as Tridyminae by Ashmead (1904).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEBFF92FDDCFA8AFCC00740.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body usually with metallic reflections (with some yellowish, brown or black exceptions). Female antenna with 1 – 2 microscopic, 1 – 2 anelliform, and 3 – 5 large flagellomeres before a 4 - segmented clava (with 3 large clavomeres and a ‘ terminal button’). Eyes at most slightly divergent ventrally. Marginal vein at most 3 × as long as the relatively long stigmal vein (except Ecrizotomorpha alternativa – see below, and two new species described herein where the marginal vein is slightly longer). Petiole short, hardly visible, without dorsal lamina.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEBFF92FDDCFA8AFCC00740.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments Ecrizotomorpha was previously included in the subfamily Pireninae (Burks et al. 2022), based on the smaller number of large flagellomeres before clava (only three instead of four or five in Tridyminae), and the short stigmal vein found in E. alternativa. However, in other species such as E. taskhiri the fore wing venation is very similar to that of Ecrizotes and Spathopus. Apart from the peculiar structure of the flagellum, with one anelliform flagellomere flanked by two large ones (Figs 1 C, 2 E, 9 D, 11 C, 13 F), all other characters of Ecrizotomorpha are indistinguishable from those of Ecrizotes and Spathopus. Moreover, at least in Ecrizotes monticola the same flagellomere shows various degrees of reduction. Thus, Ecrizotomorpha should be included in the subfamily Tridyminae, but the structure of the antenna alone cannot justify its distinct generic status (see below).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEAFF96FD84FE07FAD30339.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 13	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEAFF96FD84FE07FAD30339.taxon	type_taxon	type species by original monotypy Ecrizotes monticola Förster, 1861.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEAFF96FD84FE07FAD30339.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body dark, with at most faint metallic reflections, mostly on head (Figs 1 – 13). Female antenna with 2 microscopic, 1 – 2 anelliform, and 3 – 5 large flagellomeres before the 4 - segmented clava (with 3 large clavomeres plus a ‘ terminal button’) (Figs 1 C, 2 E, 3 E, 4 E, 5 E, 6 C, 7 E, 8 C, 9 D, 10 D, 11 C, 12 F, 13 F). Male antenna with 1 microscopic and 6 large flagellomeres before the 3 - segmented clava (with 2 large clavomeres and a ‘ terminal button’) (Figs 4 F, 7 F, 9 E). Propodeum without plicae or median carina (e. g., Figs 1 E, 10 E, 13 E). Fore wing with parastigmal hyaline break (Figs 1 F, 3 H, 4 H, 5 E, 6 G, 7 F, 8 G, 9 F, 10 C, 11 E, 12 F, 13 C). Female with hypopygium from almost reaching to surpassing the apical tergite of gaster (e. g., Figs 5 H, 10 F, 11 F, 12 E). Male sometimes with enlarged tibiae (Figs 5 B, 9 B).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEAFF96FD84FE07FAD30339.taxon	etymology	Etymology The name Ecrizotes has a Greek origin and comes from the words ‘ εκ’ meaning ‘ from’ or ‘ out’, and ‘ ρίζα’ meaning root. It can be translated as ‘ the one that takes the root out’ or metaphorically ‘ the one that destroys something’; it is of masculine gender.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEAFF96FD84FE07FAD30339.taxon	description	Description Female Body with faint metallic reflections, these most obvious on the head (Figs 1 – 13). Body sculpture always delicate, alutaceous (e. g., Figs 1 E, 3 F, 6 D, 8 E, 10 E, 11 E, 12 C). Setation sparse, setae rather long, piliferous punctures occasionally visible on the upper face (e. g., Figs 10 B, 11 B, 12 B). Head in frontal view subcircular (e. g., Figs 1 B, 2 C, 3 B, 4 C, 5 C, 8 B, 10 B, 11 B, 12 B). Vertex sometimes conspicuously protruding between posterior ocelli (Figs 5 C, 12 B). Gena evenly round (Figs 8 B, 10 B) to conspicuously buccate (Figs 1 B, 2 C, 3 B, 4 C, 5 C, 6 B, 7 C, 9 C, 12 B), not hollowed at mouth corner (e. g., Fig. 6 B). Clypeal margin from weakly convex (Figs 4 C, 6 B, 7 D, 8 D, 9 C, 13 D) to strongly convex (Figs 2 D, 3 D, 5 D, 10 C, 11 D) or acute (Figs 1 D, 12 D). Tentorial pits invisible. Scrobal depression short and shallow, with weak inter-torular ridge (e. g., Figs 8 D, 10 B, 12 D). Malar sulcus present (e. g., Figs 10 A, 12 F). Eyes in frontal view slightly diverging in lower part (e. g., Figs 1 B, 5 C, 8 B, 10 B, 11 B). Temples short and strongly converging in dorsal view of the head (Figs 5 G, 8 E). Occiput without carina. Antennal inserted much lower than LOL (e. g., Figs 1 B, 3 B, 4 C, 5 C 7 C, 8 B, 10 B, 11 B, 12 B, 13 B), with 2 microscopic, 1 – 2 anelliform (one often intercalated between two larger ones), and 3 – 5 large flagellomeres before the 4 - segmented clava (with 3 large clavomeres plus a ‘ terminal button’); antennal clava symmetric, without conspicuous area of microsetation, distal end rounded (Figs 1 C, 2 E, 3 E, 4 E, 5 E, 6 C, 7 E, 8 C, 9 D, 10 D, 11 C, 12 F, 13 F). Mandibles usually at least slightly falcate (Figs 1 A, 7 D, 10 C, 12 F, 13 D), in the few observable cases with the formula 4: 3. Mesosoma dorsally convex (Figs 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, 6 A, 8 A, 10 A, 11 A) or almost flat (Figs 1 A, 2 A, 7 A, 9 A, 12 A, 13 A). Pronotum often long, with large diverging shoulders (Figs 1 E, 2 G, 5 G, 10 E, 11 E, 12 C, 13 E), occasionally shorter, with smaller shoulders (Figs 3 F, 4 G, 6 D, 7 H, 8 E, 9 F, 10 F). Pronotum evenly sloping, without transverse carina (e. g., Fig. 10 A). Mesoscutum shorter than mesoscutellum; notauli complete and deep (Figs 1 E, 2 G, 3 F, 4 G, 5 G, 6 D, 7 H, 8 E, 9 F, 10 E, 11 E, 12 C, 13 E). Axillae only slightly advanced. Mesoscutellum from convex to almost flat; frenum mostly indistinct. Dorsellum subhorizontal, smooth, semicircular (e. g., Figs 1 E, 3 F, 4 G, 5 G, 7 H, 8 E, 10 E, 11 E, 12 C, 13 E). Propodeum much shorter than mesoscutellum, smooth or uniformly and superficially sculptured; plicae and median carina absent; hind corners not prominent and not sharp; spiracles almost touching posterior margin of metanotum (e. g., Figs 1 E, 4 G, 6 D, 10 E, 13 E). Hind coxa dorsally bare. Fore wing hyaline (Figs 1 F, 2 H, 3 C, 4 H, 5 H, 6 E, 7 G, 8 F, 9 G, 10 F, 11 F, 12 E, 13 C), extensively setose, fringe present; veins slender or slightly thickened; parastigma with hyaline break; stigmal vein much shorter than marginal vein, stigma moderately capitate; postmarginal vein much shorter than marginal vein and only slightly longer than stigmal vein. Gaster at least slightly compressed laterally, occasionally strongly so (Figs 3 A, 4 A, 6 A, 7 A, 8 A, 9 A). Petiole inconspicuous. Gastral tergites subequal in length, their posterior margin straight. Hypopygium from almost reaching to surpassing the apical tergite of gaster, its tip with (e. g., Figs 3 G, 6 F) or without a small incision (e. g., Fig. 7 I). Male Similar to female (Figs 2 B, 4 B, 5 B, 7 B, 9 B), except mainly for the differential features given in the diagnosis.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEAFF96FD84FE07FAD30339.taxon	distribution	Distribution The genus Ecrizotes is newly recorded in Africa (six species). Various species are present on all continents except for South America, Australia and Antarctica: Europe (seven species), Asia (five species) and North America (one species).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEAFF96FD84FE07FAD30339.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Bouček (1964: 258) considered that Ecrizotes hofferi (Bouček, 1964) comb. nov. “ probably develops as a parasite of some Cecidomyids ”. Ecrizotes taskhiri (Mani, 1939) comb. nov. was cited as a hyperparasitoid of Dasineura lini (Barnes, 1936) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in India (Pruthi et al. 1940).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEAFF96FD84FE07FAD30339.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments Of the four described species of Spathopus, males are known only for S. anomalipes and S. hofferi (Fig. 4 B). In both species all tibiae are strongly swollen; this feature only characterizes the males and makes them easily discernible from both conspecific females and males of Ecrizotes, which have normal tibiae. According to Mani (1939: 538), the male of Ecrizotomorpha taskhiri has the hind tibiae “ […] broad, compressed laterally ”. The males of the other two species classified in Ecrizotomorpha are unknown. This feature was used by both Graham (1969) and Bouček & Rasplus (1991) to separate the Ecrizotes males from the Spathopus males. However, in our examined material from Africa, we found several males that have slender fore and mid tibiae (as in Ecrizotes) and inflated hind tibiae (as in Spathopus) (Fig. 6 B). Furthermore, the strong sexual dimorphism present in some species and not in others is not a reliable indication of their generic distinctiveness, as shown in the related genus Macroglenes Westwood, 1832 (Pirenidae: Pireninae): the males of some species (e. g., M. gibsoni Mitroiu, 2010) display abnormally large eyes, the males of other species have a strongly inflated antennal scape (e. g., M. bouceki (Graham, 1969 )), while the males of other species (e. g., M. paludum (Graham, 1969 )) do not have any of these unusual characters. Regarding the separation of the females of Ecrizotes and Spathopus, according to Graham (1969) and Bouček & Rasplus (1991), the main differences are summarized in Table 1. The number and development of fore tibial spines (character 1) is difficult to assess and it is virtually impossible to separate the two instances. Characters 2 and 3 are also variable inside many chalcid genera. Character 4 was considered relevant by Bouček & Rasplus (1991), but not Graham (1969) and indeed Ecrizotes monticola and E. caudatus have a posteriorly constricted pronotum, although less long (Fig. 10 F). Character 5 refers to the head thickness in anteroposterior axis, which is a variable character inside many chalcid genera. The ventral clypeal margin is more or less convex in both Spathopus and Ecrizotes and has a continuous degree of projection, ranging from only slightly convex to sharp (Figs 1 D, 2 D, 3 D, 4 D, 5 B, 6 D, 7 D, 9 C, 10 D, 11 D, 12 D, 13 D). According to Mani (1939: 537), Ecrizotomorpha has affinities with both Ecrizotes (“ in venation and moniliform antennae of male ”) and Spathopus (“ in its stout and compressed hind tibiae and short stouter fore tibiae ”), but differs from Ecrizotes in “ the pubescent eyes, absence of ring-joints and triarticulate maxillary palpi ” and from Spathopus in “ the longer hind tibiae, pubescent eyes, absence of ring-joints and clypeus produced obtusely but not triangularly ”. All of the above differences do not hold upon a closer examination of the three genera involved: (1) the “ ring-joints ” refer to the microscopic flagellomeres, which are not absent in Ecrizotomorpha but can be seen (at least the second) if enough magnification is used; (2) all species of these genera have some eye pubescence; (3) the ventral clypeal margin shows various degrees of convexity, ranging from broadly convex to narrowly pointed (see above); (4) the maxillary palpus is triarticulate at least in Spathopus hofferi; (5) the length of hind tibia is irrelevant as it can be variable inside a given genus. Furthermore, the only character that separates females of Ecrizotes from those of Gastrancistrus Westwood, 1833 is the position of the hypopygium, which is situated at the same level with the distal tip of the apical tergite or slightly beyond it in Ecrizotes and clearly anterior of it (mostly anterior to middle of gaster) in Gastrancistrus. Males of Ecrizotes are indistinguishable from those of Gastrancistrus, except for those having enlarged hind tibiae. However, Gastrancistrus is a hugely diverse genus and until its revision other taxonomic changes are postponed. Melancistrus Graham, 1969, which also has the hypopygium near the tip of gaster, differs in having a translucid median projection (the mucro) extending posteriorly from the hypopygium, and a transverse propodeal carina; it could also belong here but unavailability of material prevented further investigations. Afrothopus Mitroiu, 2024 also has similarities with Ecrizotes, Gastrancistrus and Spathopus but differs in several key characters (see Discussion and Mitroiu et al. 2024). In conclusion, there are no reliable characters for the separation of Ecrizotes, Ecrizotomorpha and Spathopus and consequently Ecrizotomorpha syn. nov., Liaoella syn. nov. (previously synonymized with Ecrizotomorpha), and Spathopus syn. nov. are regarded as junior synonyms of Ecrizotes, with the following new combinations: Ecrizotes alternativa (Xiao & Huang, 1999) comb. nov.; E. anomalipes (Ashmead, 1904) comb. nov.; E. hofferi (Bouček, 1964) comb. nov.; E. montanus (Huggert, 1976) comb. nov.; E. nasalis (Springate & Noyes, 1990) comb. nov.; E. taskhiri (Mani, 1939) comb. nov.; and E. tenkasiensis (Jamal Ahmad & Shafee, 1993) comb. nov.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEEFF98FD88FAA0FD3D0339.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 40 C 9288 B- 94 D 4 - 4 B 9 D- 9788 - E 2 B 8 E 4 C 48 AC 9 Fig. 1	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEEFF98FD88FAA0FD3D0339.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEEFF98FD88FAA0FD3D0339.taxon	description	All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 anelliform (Fig. 1 C); ventral margin of clypeus strongly protruding and acute (Fig. 1 D); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 1 B); hind tibia length 4.8 – 5.0 × width; gaster shorter than combined length of head and mesosoma, moderately compressed laterally (Fig. 1 A); tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 7 I); ovipositor sheath length about 0.2 × length of hind tibia. Male Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEEFF98FD88FAA0FD3D0339.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name refers to the shape of the ventral clypeal margin (from the Latin adjective ‛ acer ’ = ‛ sharp’, ‛ pointed’).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEEFF98FD88FAA0FD3D0339.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ZIMBABWE • ♀; “ Rhodesia / Salisbury / A. Watsham / WF 67 / i ×. 74 ”; NHMUK. Paratypes D. R. CONGO • 1 ♀; “ DR Congo: Oriental Prov. / Ituri region, Mongbwalu, / AGK camp, 20 - 27. III. 2015 / A. Gumovsky & C. Dhendro // behind pld fences, / abandoned shamba, bananas, avocado, sweet / potato, 75 YPTs ”; MICO. ZIMBABWE • 2 ♀♀; “ Rhodesia / Makumbi Miss / A. Watsham / W. 244, × ii. 76 // Spathopus! [Bouček’s handwriting] ”; NHMUK.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEEFF98FD88FAA0FD3D0339.taxon	description	Description Female holotype Body length: 1.0 mm. Colour as in Fig. 1. Head in frontal view with vertex not protruding between posterior ocelli (Fig. 1 B). Gena buccate (Fig. 1 B). Ventral margin of clypeus strongly protruding and acute (Fig. 1 D). Upper face smooth except rare piliferous punctures (Fig. 1 B). Length of pedicel plus flagellum shorter than head width. All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 anelliform (Fig. 1 C). Mesosoma dorsally almost flat (Fig. 1 A). Pronotum about as long as mesoscutum (Fig. 1 E). Basal cell of fore wing with a few scattered setae on upper side (Fig. 1 F). MV about 2.4 × SV. Hind tibia length about 4.8 × width. Gaster shorter than combined length of head and mesosoma, moderately compressed laterally (Fig. 1 A). Tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 6 I). Ovipositor sheath length about 0.2 × length of hind tibia. Variation Female The specimen collected in the D. R. Congo has a slightly less protruding clypeal margin. Hind tibia length 4.8 – 5.0 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEEFF98FD88FAA0FD3D0339.taxon	distribution	Distribution D. R. Congo, Zimbabwe.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEEFF98FD88FAA0FD3D0339.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFEEFF98FD88FAA0FD3D0339.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments This is one of the most easily recognizable species of Ecrizotes due to its large triangular clypeal margin, which is expected to be similar in males.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE0FF9AFDD7FAA1FE9C0087.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7 AE 37 C 37 - 2888 - 41 EB- 9 BF 5 - 2 EA 7 BDE 2 BE 3 E Fig. 2	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE0FF9AFDD7FAA1FE9C0087.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 anelliform (Fig. 2 E); ventral margin of clypeus strongly convex (Fig. 2 D); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 2 C); hind tibia length almost 7 × width; gaster shorter than combined length of head and mesosoma, moderately compressed laterally (Fig. 2 A); tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 7 I); ovipositor sheath length about 0.01 × length of hind tibia. Male Hind tibia slightly widened, length 4.4 – 4.7 × width (Fig. 2 B). Funicular segments wider than long (Fig. 2 F). Fore wing with upper side of basal cell having one irregular row of setae plus several additional ones near basal vein.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE0FF9AFDD7FAA1FE9C0087.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name refers to the very short ovipositor that characterizes the females of this species (from the Latin words ‛ brevis ’ = ‛ short’ and ‛ cauda ’ = ‛ tail’; noun in apposition).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE0FF9AFDD7FAA1FE9C0087.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♀; “ S. Africa. / R. E. Turner. / Brit. Mus. / 1921 - 450 // Mossel Bay, / Cape Province. / October, 1921. ”; NHMUK. Allotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♂; “ S. Africa / R. E. Turner. / Brit. Mus. / 1921 - 412 // Mossel Bay, / Cape Province. / Sept, 1921. ”; NHMUK. Additional paratypes SOUTH AFRICA • 2 ♂♂; same data as for allotype; NHMUK.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE0FF9AFDD7FAA1FE9C0087.taxon	description	Description Female holotype Body length: 0.75 mm. Colour as in Fig. 2. Head in frontal view with vertex protruding between posterior ocelli (Fig. 2 C). Gena buccate (Fig. 2 C). Ventral margin of clypeus strongly convex (Fig. 2 C). Upper face smooth except rare piliferous punctures (Fig. 2 C). Length of pedicel plus flagellum shorter than head width. All funicular segments wider than long, Fu 3 anelliform, barely visible (Fig. 2 E). Mesosoma dorsally almost flat (Fig. 2 A). Pronotum about as long as mesoscutum (Fig. 2 G). Basal cell of fore wing with a few scattered setae on upper side (Fig. 2 H). MV about 3 × SV. Hind tibia length about 6.6 × width. Gaster shorter than combined length of head and mesosoma, moderately compressed laterally (Fig. 2 A). Tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 6 I). Ovipositor sheath length about 0.01 × length of hind tibia. Male allotype Body length: 0.9 mm. Differs from the female holotype in the structure of the antenna (see generic diagnosis) and in the characters stated in the above species diagnosis. Additionally, the mesosoma is more convex and the pronotum is shorter than the mesoscutum (Fig. 2 B). Variation Male Hind tibia length 4.4 – 4.7 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE0FF9AFDD7FAA1FE9C0087.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Africa.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE0FF9AFDD7FAA1FE9C0087.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE0FF9AFDD7FAA1FE9C0087.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments This species is somewhat similar to E. monticola, from which it differs mainly in the characters given in the key.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE2FF9FFDA4F943FABC0430.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE2FF9FFDA4F943FABC0430.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long; Fu 3 smaller than Fu 2 and Fu 4, but not anelliform (Fig. 3 E); ventral margin of clypeus strongly convex (Fig. 3 D); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 3 B); hind tibia length about 5 × width; gaster longer than combined length of head and mesosoma and strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 3 A); tip of hypopygium incised (Fig. 3 G); ovipositor sheath length about 0.5 – 0.6 × length of hind tibia. Male Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE2FF9FFDA4F943FABC0430.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined BULGARIA • 8 ♀♀; “ Bulgaria mer. / Pirin, Begovica, 1750 m. / 1. - 2. VIII. 74 / Lgt. Dr. Aug. Hoffer ”; NMPC. CZECH REPUBLIC • 1 ♀; “ Praha – Chuchle / Bohemia, 8.8.59 / J. Macek // sec. LT = H. caudatus Th. ♀ / Zd. Bouček det. 1962 ”; NMPC. FRANCE • 1 ♀; “ France, Htes Alp. / Queyras: Arvieu × / 18.7.90, Bouček // ♀ Ecrizotes monticola Först. / det. Z. Bouček, 1990 ”; NMPC.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE2FF9FFDA4F943FABC0430.taxon	distribution	Distribution Germany (Haas et al. 2021), as E. monticola; Hungary (Erdős 1947), Sweden (Thomson 1878), Bulgaria, Czech Republic, France (new records). The record from Germany was assessed based on the images provided by Haas et al. (2021) (see Taxonomic comments below).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE2FF9FFDA4F943FABC0430.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE2FF9FFDA4F943FABC0430.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments We agree with Erdős (1947) that E. caudatus (and not E. caudata) is the valid name of this species (see Etymology of Ecrizotes above). Both Bouček (1961: 58) and Graham (1969: 331) consider Henicetrus caudatus a probable junior synonym of E. monticola, differing in details such as a slightly longer gaster, hypopygium and ovipositor. Although recorded as a valid species in Noyes (2019) and UCD Community (2023), most users presumably followed Graham’s view and recorded this species as E. monticola (see Distribution). Initially, we followed the same species concept of E. monticola and considered the possibility to describe a new species that differed from E. monticola mainly in having a shorter ovipositor and a more reduced Fu 3. However, after examining (1) a paralectotype of E. monticola (Figs 11 G – I), (2) a specimen compared with the lectotype of E. caudatus by Z. Bouček (Fig. 3 H – I), and (3) several specimens that could be separated in two groups based on the length of the ovipositor (without intermediate forms), we decided for the most conservative approach and regard both E. caudatus and E. monticola as valid, with the potentially new species falling within the variability of E. monticola. Consequently, we consider E. caudatus as having a longer ovipositor sheath (0.5 – 0.6 × the length of hind tibia), a longer and more laterally compressed gaster (at least slightly longer than head plus mesosoma), and Fu 3 only moderately reduced (Fig. 3); we regard E. monticola as having a shorter ovipositor sheath (0.3 – 0.4 × the length of the hind tibia), a shorter and mostly uncompressed gaster (at most as long as head plus mesosoma in un-collapsed specimens, or shorter in collapsed ones), and Fu 3 usually anelliform (Fig. 11). Interestingly, the images of the holotype of Henicetrus annellus Thomson, 1878 (considered a synonym of E. monticola by Graham (1969 )) provided by ZMUL (https: // ento. biomus. lu. se / search. php? taxa = henicetrus) show that in this species Fu 3 is shorter than both Fu 2 and Fu 4 but not anelliform, while the ovipositor is considerably shorter than in E. caudatus. Another potential identification problem arises from the positional variability and collapse degree of the hypopygium, which can make the shallow incision present in E. caudatus and E. monticola (Fig. 3 G) difficult or impossible to observe (Fig. 3 A, H); nevertheless, E caudatus should be easily separated from the other Palaearctic species having a relatively long ovipositor sheath, i. e., E. filicornis and E. longicornis, by its much shorter funiculars. Perhaps future molecular studies could help elucidate the taxonomy of this species complex, but at the time of this study no fresh material was available.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE7FF81FDD3FDD7FB3E07B1.taxon	description	Fig. 4	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE7FF81FDD3FDD7FB3E07B1.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars at least slightly longer than wide or quadrate, Fu 1 length about 1.1 × width, Fu 3 not smaller than either Fu 2 or Fu 4 (Fig. 4 E); ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 4 D); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 4 C); hind tibia length about 6.6 × width; gaster longer than combined length of head and mesosoma and strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 4 A); tip of hypopygium incised (cf. Figs 3 G, 6 F); ovipositor sheath length about 0.4 × length of hind tibia. Male All tibiae normal, hind tibia length about 5.5 × width (Fig. 4 B). Funicular segments quadrate, except Fu 1 longer than wide (Fig. 4 F). Fore wing with upper side of basal cell having one irregular row of setae plus several additional ones near basal vein.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE7FF81FDD3FDD7FB3E07B1.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined CZECH REPUBLIC • 1 ♀; “ Bohemia or. Hradec Králové / 29. VII. 1945. Bouček leg. // Ecrizotes Förster filicornis Thoms. ”; NMPC • 1 ♀; “ Krásná Lipa (Ústí n. L.) / 12.7.56, Bohemia Dlabola ”; NMPC • 1 ♀; “ Bohemia centr., Veltrusy // P. Mikula, 26. V. 64 ”; NMPC • 1 ♂; “ Bohemia, Krkomše / Lysečiny / VIII. 1964. J. Macek ”; NMPC. UNITED KINGDOM • 1 ♀; “ Burnham Beeches / Bucks. England / Bouček 26. v. 80 // Ecrizotes filicornis (Thoms.) / det. Z. Bouček 1980 ”; NHMUK • 1 ♀; “ Chobham Comm. / Surrey, England / Bouček 4.6.71 // ♀ Ecrizotes filicornis (Thoms.) / det. Z. Bouček, 1981 ”; NMPC • 1 ♂; “ Chobham Comm. / Surrey, England / Bouček 6.6.71 ”; NMPC.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE7FF81FDD3FDD7FB3E07B1.taxon	distribution	Distribution Czech Republic, Hungary, Netherlands, Sweden, United Kingdom (UCD Community 2023).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE7FF81FDD3FDD7FB3E07B1.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFE7FF81FDD3FDD7FB3E07B1.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments Alongside E. longicornis, the species is easily recognizable by the long antennae, with all funiculars at least slightly longer than wide. From the female of the latter species the female of E. filicornis differs mostly in having shorter antennae, with less elongated funicular segments (Fig. 4 E).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF9FF83FDFEFE29FD8207DA.taxon	description	Fig. 5	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF9FF83FDFEFE29FD8207DA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long; Fu 3 not smaller than either Fu 2 or Fu 4 (Fig. 5 E); ventral margin of clypeus strongly convex (Fig. 5 D); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 5 C); hind tibia length about 5 × width; gaster about equal to combined length of head and mesosoma, moderately compressed laterally (Fig. 5 A); tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 7 I); ovipositor sheath length about 0.4 × length of hind tibia. Male All tibiae strongly inflated, hind tibia length about 2.9 × width (Fig. 5 B). Funicular segments wider than long (Fig. 5 F). Fore wing with upper side of basal cell sparsely and more or less uniformly setose. See also Taxonomic comments below.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF9FF83FDFEFE29FD8207DA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined FRANCE • 1 ♀; “ Lac de Tigne / Savoie, France / 9.8.1965. Comellini // Spathopus hofferi Bčk. / det. Z. Bouček, 1976 ”; NMPC. SPAIN • 1 ♂; “ Spain (Madrid): Cercedilla / 8. vii. 74. Z. Bouček // ♂ Spathopus? hofferi Bčk. / det. Z. Bouček, 1975 ”; NMPC.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF9FF83FDFEFE29FD8207DA.taxon	distribution	Distribution Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden (UCD Community 2023). France (new record).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF9FF83FDFEFE29FD8207DA.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown. According to Bouček (1964: 258), the species might be a parasitoid of Cecidomyiidae Newman, 1835 (Diptera).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF9FF83FDFEFE29FD8207DA.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments The male specimen from Spain (see above, Fig. 5 B, F) identified by Bouček as “? hofferi ” (see Material examined) remains questionable regarding its species-level identification as it generally fits the description of E. hofferi male except for the antenna. In this specimen, the right antenna is broken beyond the pedicel, while the left antenna is broken beyond Fu 4. Nevertheless, the first funicular segments are quite different from Bouček’s drawing (Bouček 1964: 256, fig. 4); the antenna drawn by Bouček (apparently belonging to the male allotype collected in Russia) is very curious in having a compact flagellum, with only four large segments before a 3 - segmented clava, with an unusually long Fu 4; this is rather odd as antennae of males never have fewer funicular segments than the antennae of females. In the redescription of Spathopus, Bouček (1964) states that the antennal formula is 11053 in females and 11143 or 11233 in males, the latter formula probably relying on Ashmead’s assertion that the male antenna is “ 10 - jointed, with one or two ring-joints ” (Ashmead 1904). However, in the Spanish male specimen listed above, the flagellum is not compact and the first four funicular segments are more or less equally-sized (Fig. 5 F); this is the same as seen in the male specimens of E. brevicauda sp. nov. (Fig. 2 F) and E. longicauda sp. nov. (Fig. 7 F) described herein, as well as with the male of E. filicornis (Fig. 4 F). In all these species, the male antennal formula is 11062, with funiculars never compact and with a 2 - segmented clava. The Russian specimen examined by Bouček has inflated tibiae and was rightfully identified as a male, but we consider the possibility that it could have been a gynandromorph male, with abnormal antennae.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFBFF82FDBFFD8CFDF207CD.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 3 A 495840 - DCC 1 - 476 B-B 554 - D 6 C 6 D 92011 C 5 Fig. 6	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFBFF82FDBFFD8CFDF207CD.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long; Fu 3 smaller than both Fu 2 and Fu 4, but not anelliform (Fig. 6 C); ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 6 B); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 6 B); hind tibia length about 8 × width; gaster longer than combined length of head and mesosoma and strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 6 A); tip of hypopygium incised (Fig. 6 F); ovipositor sheath length about 0.9 × length of hind tibia. Male Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFBFF82FDBFFD8CFDF207CD.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name refers to the incised tip of the female's hypopygium (from the Latin adjective ‛ incisus ’ = ‛ cut up’).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFBFF82FDBFFD8CFDF207CD.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype SOUTH AFRICA • ♀; “ South Africa / Grahamstown / A. Watsham: 12: 73 ”; NHMUK.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFBFF82FDBFFD8CFDF207CD.taxon	description	Description Female holotype Body length: 1.5 mm. Colour as in Fig. 6. Head in frontal view with vertex not protruding between posterior ocelli (Fig. 6 B). Gena buccate (Fig. 6 B). Ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 6 B). Upper face uniformly sculptured, piliferous punctures hardly distinct (Fig. 6 B). Length of pedicel plus flagellum shorter than head width. All funiculars wider than long; Fu 3 smaller than both Fu 2 and Fu 4, but not anelliform (Fig. 6 C). Mesosoma dorsally convex (Fig. 6 A). Pronotum shorter than mesoscutum (Fig. 6 D). Basal cell of fore wing with a few scattered setae on upper side (Fig. 6 E). MV about 2.7 × SV. Hind tibia length about 8 × width. Gaster longer than combined length of head and mesosoma and strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 6 A). Tip of hypopygium incised (Fig. 6 F). Ovipositor sheath length about 0.9 × length of hind tibia. Variation Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFBFF82FDBFFD8CFDF207CD.taxon	distribution	Distribution South Africa.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFBFF82FDBFFD8CFDF207CD.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFBFF82FDBFFD8CFDF207CD.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments This species can be separated from the other known species with an incised hypopygium by the longer ovipositor and more slender tibiae.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFDFF87FDD6FE9FFBF40497.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 14089 D 86 - 9 EED- 4 AC 5 - A 2 C 8 - 1 D 36126221 A 5 Fig. 7	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFDFF87FDD6FE9FFBF40497.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 only slightly smaller than Fu 2 and Fu 4 (Fig. 7 E); ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 7 D); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 7 C); hind tibia length about 8 × width; gaster longer than combined length of head and mesosoma and strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 7 A); tip of hypopygium not incised (Fig. 7 I); ovipositor sheath length about 1.2 × length of hind tibia. Male Fore and mid tibiae normal, hind tibia inflated, length about 3.5 × width (Fig. 7 B). All funicular segments wider than long (Fig. 7 F). Fore wing with upper side of basal cell with one irregular row of setae plus several additional ones near basal vein.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFDFF87FDD6FE9FFBF40497.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name refers to the long ovipositor that characterizes the females of this species (from the Latin words ‘ longus ’ = ‘ long’ and ‘ cauda ’ = ‘ tail’; noun in apposition).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFDFF87FDD6FE9FFBF40497.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ZIMBABWE • ♀; “ Rhodesia / Salisbury / A. Watsham / WF 117, (i) 75 // 453. R ”; NHMUK. Allotype ZIMBABWE • ♂; “ Rhodesia / Mokumbi Miss / A. Watsham (i) 76 ”; NHMUK. Additional paratype ZIMBABWE • 1 ♀; “ Rhodesia / Salisbury / A. Watsham / WF. 222, (i) 76 ”; NHMUK.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFDFF87FDD6FE9FFBF40497.taxon	description	Description Female holotype Body length: 1.3 mm. Colour as in Fig. 7. Head in frontal view with vertex not protruding between posterior ocelli (Fig. 7 C). Gena buccate (Fig. 7 C). Ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 7 D). Upper face uniformly and very superficially sculptured except several piliferous punctures (Fig. 7 C). Length of pedicel plus flagellum slightly longer than head width. All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 only slightly smaller than Fu 2 and Fu 4 (Fig. 7 E). Mesosoma dorsally almost flat (Fig. 7 A). Pronotum shorter than mesoscutum (Fig. 7 H). Basal cell of fore wing with a few scattered setae on upper side (Fig. 7 G). MV about 2.9 × SV. Hind tibia length about 8 × width. Gaster longer than combined length of head and mesosoma and strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 7 A). Tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 7 I). Ovipositor sheath length about 1.2 × length of hind tibia. Male allotype Body length: 1.0 mm. Differs from the female holotype mainly in the structure of the antenna (see generic diagnosis) and the characters given in the above species diagnosis; mesosoma less flattened and gaster much shorter (Fig. 7 B). Variation Female Body length: 1.3 – 1.5 mm. MV 2.9 – 3.2 × SV.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFDFF87FDD6FE9FFBF40497.taxon	distribution	Distribution Zimbabwe.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFDFF87FDD6FE9FFBF40497.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFDFF87FDD6FE9FFBF40497.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments Ecrizotes longicauda sp. nov. is the species whose females have the longest ovipositor (Fig. 7 A). Both sexes are superficially similar to E. longus sp. nov. The two sexes were associated based mainly on the setation of the basal cell. The female of E. longicauda differs from the female of E. longus in having a much longer ovipositor and a non-anelliform Fu 3 (Fig. 7 E), while the male of E. longicauda differs from the male of E. longus in having the hind tibiae less strongly inflated (Fig. 7 B).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFFFF87FDD3FD73FEDB01F5.taxon	description	Fig. 8	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFFFF87FDD3FD73FEDB01F5.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars distinctly longer than wide, Fu 1 length about twice width, Fu 3 not smaller than either Fu 2 or Fu 4 (Fig. 8 C); ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 8 D); head in frontal view with gena evenly rounded (Fig. 8 B); hind tibia length about 7.5 × width; gaster longer than combined length of head and mesosoma and strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 8 A); tip of hypopygium incised (cf. Figs 3 G, 6 F); ovipositor sheath length about 0.3 – 0.4 × length of hind tibia (about 0.3 × in the lectotype). Male Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFFFF87FDD3FD73FEDB01F5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined CZECH REPUBLIC • 1 ♀; “ Dĕčín. Snĕžník / 27.7.56, Bohemia / Bouček // Ecrizotes longicornis (Walk. 48) ♀ / Det. Z. Bouček 1958 ”; NMPC. UNITED KINGDOM • 1 ♀; “ Lectotype // Gastrancistrus longicornis // Gastrancistrus longicornis Walker [Waterhouse label] // Type C. F. // Ecrizotes longicornis (Walk.) ♀ / det. M. W. R. de V. Graham 1956 // B. M. Type Hym. 5.1817 ”; NHMUK • 1 ♀; “ New Forest, Hants. England / Bouček 17.6.76 // ♀ Ecrizotes longicornis (Walk.) / det. Z. Bouček, 1980 ”; NMPC.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFFFF87FDD3FD73FEDB01F5.taxon	distribution	Distribution Czech Republic, Hungary, Ireland, Sweden, United Kingdom (UCD Community 2023).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFFFF87FDD3FD73FEDB01F5.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFFFF87FDD3FD73FEDB01F5.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments See E. filicornis.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFEFF88FDB9F914FE51077B.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 7405 A 093 - 2 E 00 - 4 E 5 A-BEA 6 - B 9 EB 37 F 3 A 6 EF Fig. 9	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFEFF88FDB9F914FE51077B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 anelliform (Fig. 9 D); ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 9 C); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 9 C); hind tibia length 6.6 – 6.8 × width; gaster longer than combined length of head and mesosoma and strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 9 A); tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 7 I); ovipositor sheath length 0.5 – 0.6 × length of hind tibia. Male Fore and mid tibiae normal, hind tibia strongly inflated, length 2.6 – 2.8 × width (Fig. 9 B). All funicular segments wider than long (Fig. 9 E). Fore wing with upper side of basal cell densely and uniformly setose.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFEFF88FDB9F914FE51077B.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name refers to the elongated body that characterizes the females of this species (from the Latin adjective ‛ longus ’ = ‛ long’).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFEFF88FDB9F914FE51077B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype ZIMBABWE • ♀; “ Rhodesia / Salisbury / A. Watsham / WF 115 / (i) 75 ”; NHMUK. Allotype ZIMBABWE • ♂; “ Rhodesia / Salisbury / A. Watsham / WF 117 / (i) 75 // 420. R // Spathopus / Pirene m ”; NHMUK. Additional paratypes ZIMBABWE • 1 ♀; “ Rhodesia / Salisbury / A. Watsham / WF 110 / (i) 75 ”; NHMUK • 2 ♂♂; “ Rhodesia / Salisbury / A. Watsham / WF. 222 / (i) 76 ”; NHMUK • 1 ♂; “ Rhodesia / Salisbury / A. Watsham / WF. 99 / × ii. 74 // 597. R; NHMUK • 1 ♂; “ Rhodesia / Salisbury / A. Watsham / WF 108 / i- 75 ”; NHMUK.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFEFF88FDB9F914FE51077B.taxon	description	Description Female holotype Body length: 1.0 mm. Colour as in Fig. 9. Head in frontal view with vertex protruding between posterior ocelli (Fig. 9 C). Gena buccate (Fig. 9 C). Ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 9 C). Upper face almost wholly very superficially sculptured except rare piliferous punctures (Fig. 9 C). Length of pedicel plus flagellum about equal to head width. All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 anelliform (Fig. 9 D). Mesosoma dorsally almost flat (Fig. 9 A). Pronotum shorter than mesoscutum (Fig. 9 F). Basal cell of fore wing entirely setose on upper side (Fig. 9 G). MV about 3 × SV. Hind tibia length about 6.6 × width. Gaster longer than combined length of head and mesosoma and strongly compressed laterally (Fig. 9 A). Tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 7 I). Ovipositor sheath length about 0.5 × length of hind tibia. Male allotype Body length: 0.8 mm. Differs from the female holotype mainly in the structure of the antenna (see generic diagnosis) and the characters given in the above species diagnosis; gaster much shorter (Fig. 9 B). Variation Female Body length: 1.00 – 1.25 mm. MV about 3.0 – 3.3 × SV. Hind tibia length about 6.6 – 6.8 × width. Ovipositor sheath length about 0.5 – 0.6 × length of hind tibia. Male Body length: 0.8 – 1.1 mm. Hind tibia length about 2.6 – 2.8 × width.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFEFF88FDB9F914FE51077B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Zimbabwe.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFEFF88FDB9F914FE51077B.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFFEFF88FDB9F914FE51077B.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments See E. longicauda sp. nov.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF3FF8AFDECFE9FFDE205FA.taxon	description	Fig. 10	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF3FF8AFDECFE9FFDE205FA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 not smaller than either Fu 2 or Fu 4 (Fig. 10 D); ventral margin of clypeus strongly convex (Fig. 10 C); head in frontal view with gena evenly rounded (Fig. 10 B); hind tibia length about 6.8 × width; gaster shorter than combined length of head and mesosoma, not compressed laterally (Fig. 10 A); tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 7 I); ovipositor sheath length about 0.3 × length of hind tibia. Male Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF3FF8AFDECFE9FFDE205FA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SWEDEN • 1 ♀; “ Hrj. Tänäs / 28.7.68 / coll. A. Sundholm // Standing over: / Spathopus montanus in Hedqvist coll. / BMNH (E) 2011 - 27 // Det. confirmed ♀ / C. Thuróczy 2013 // NHMUK 010834304 ”; NHMUK.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF3FF8AFDECFE9FFDE205FA.taxon	distribution	Distribution Finland, Kazakhstan, Sweden (UCD Community 2023).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF3FF8AFDECFE9FFDE205FA.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF3FF8AFDECFE9FFDE205FA.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments The female of E. montanus is somewhat similar to the female of E. hofferi, from which it differs mainly in the characters given in the key.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF2FF8CFDBDFC6DFEEC032F.taxon	description	Fig. 11	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF2FF8CFDBDFC6DFEEC032F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long; Fu 3 anelliform (Fig. 11 C); ventral margin of clypeus strongly convex (Fig. 11 D); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 11 B); hind tibia length 5.0 – 5.2 × width; gaster at most equal to combined length of head and mesosoma, only slightly compressed laterally (Fig. 11 A); tip of hypopygium incised (cf. Figs 3 G, 6 F); ovipositor sheath length 0.3 – 0.4 × length of hind tibia. Male Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF2FF8CFDBDFC6DFEEC032F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined CYPRUS • 1 ♀; “ Troodos, Almyrolivado / 1650 m, 34 ° 55 ’ 42 ” N 32 ° 53 ’ 48 ” E / 27 - 29 May 2009, Fusu L. & / Popovici O., YPT, dry slope // MICO UCRC _ ENT 00486453 // DNA Voucher D # 4809 / UCR, J. M. Heraty ”; MICO • 2 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; “ sweep net ”; MICO. FRANCE • 2 ♀♀; “ Villefranche / nr. Lyon, France / 13. vi. 75 // on Phacelia congesta / lg. Piaccordi // det. Z. Bouček 1978 // ♀ Spathopus ”; NMPC. REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA • 2 ♀♀; “ R. Moldova, Vulcă- / nești, 12.07.2008 / Medicago sativa / Leg. Manic Gh. ”; MICO • 1 ♀; “ Rez. Codrii, r. Stră- / șeni, Rep. Moldova / 19.08.2007 // Medicago sativa / leg. Manic G. ”; MICO. ROMANIA • 1 ♀; “ VD [Valea lui David], 12.5.07 / leg. O. P. [Ovidiu Popovici]! ”; MICO. SWITZERLAND • 1 ♀, paralectotype; “ 17 / 251. Frst. / Roseggthal [Förster’s handwriting] // Ecrizotes monticola Förster 1861 ♀ / Cotype [red label] ”; NMPC.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF2FF8CFDBDFC6DFEEC032F.taxon	distribution	Distribution Switzerland (Förster 1861), Sweden (Thomson 1878); Cyprus, France, Republic of Moldova (new records); also cited from Romania (Mitroiu 2008), but apart from the specimens listed above, previous records need to be confirmed. In UCD Community (2023), there are additional country records, but these also need to be checked in order to establish which of the two species (E. caudatus or E. monticola) is involved (see Taxonomic comments under E. caudatus).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF2FF8CFDBDFC6DFEEC032F.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown. Collected on Phacelia congesta Hook. (Hydrophyllaceae) in France, steppe vegetation in Romania, and alfalfa in Republic of Moldova.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF2FF8CFDBDFC6DFEEC032F.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments In NMPC we examined a female paralectotype of E. monticola (labeled as cotype and bearing Förster’s label), probably loaned by Bouček from Berlin (Fig. 11 G – I). It agrees well with Förster’s brief description in having the “ ovipositor slightly protruding ” / “ Bohrer etwas vorragend ” (Förster 1861: 33). Along with a shorter and less laterally compressed gaster, this character can quite easily separate this species from the otherwise similar E. caudatus (see also Taxonomic comments under that species); additionally, we noticed that in E. monticola Fu 3 tends to be considerably smaller – sometimes virtually invisible in air-dried specimens (Fig. 11 C, H) – than in E. caudatus, where it was always easily visible (Fig. 3 E, I).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF4FF8EFE21FABBFD22075C.taxon	description	Fig. 12	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF4FF8EFE21FABBFD22075C.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 not or only slightly smaller than either Fu 2 or Fu 4 (Fig. 12 F); ventral margin of clypeus acute (Fig. 12 D); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 12 B); hind tibia length about 6.7 × width; gaster shorter than combined length of head and mesosoma, not compressed laterally (Fig. 12 A); tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 7 I); ovipositor sheath length 0.25 × length of hind tibia. Male Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF4FF8EFE21FABBFD22075C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined SWEDEN • 1 ♀; “ Örebro, Latorp / 12 / 6 1943 / A. Jansson // Standing over: / Spathopus montanus / in Hedqvist coll. / BMNH (E) 2011 - 27 // Det. confirmed ♀ / C. Thuróczy 2013 // NHMUK 010834303 ”; NHMUK. UNITED KINGDOM • 1 ♀; “ Holotype // Wales: Mid Glam. / Kenfig Pool LNR / 6. viii. 88 / J. S. Noyes // ♀ Spathopus nasalis sp. n. / det. N. D. Springate & J. S. Noyes 1990 // B. M. Type Hym 5.3471 // NHMUK 014583381 ”; NHMUK.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF4FF8EFE21FABBFD22075C.taxon	distribution	Distribution United Kingdom (UCD Community 2023); Sweden (new record).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF4FF8EFE21FABBFD22075C.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF4FF8EFE21FABBFD22075C.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments After E. acer sp. nov., E. nasalis is the species with the most protruding clypeal margin, although considerably less acute than in E. acer.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF6FFB1FDA4FE0AFEC2013B.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 3877 D 00 F- 835 D- 43 D 2 - 82 F 1 - 2 D 8 D 20 F 6 BCE 0 Fig. 13	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF6FFB1FDA4FE0AFEC2013B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Female All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 anelliform (Fig. 13 F); ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 13 D); head in frontal view with gena buccate (Fig. 13 B); hind tibia length about 5 × width; gaster shorter than combined length of head and mesosoma, moderately compressed laterally (Fig. 13 A); tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 7 I); ovipositor sheath length about 0.3 × length of hind tibia. Male Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF6FFB1FDA4FE0AFEC2013B.taxon	etymology	Etymology The species name refers to the great river Rovuma, in the vicinity of which the holotype was collected (noun in genitive case).	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF6FFB1FDA4FE0AFEC2013B.taxon	materials_examined	Type material Holotype MOZAMBIQUE • ♀; “ Mozambique / Nhica, ‘ League 34 ’ / 20 - 27. × i. 2009 / Claire Villemant // S 10 ° 42.372 ’ / E 40 ° 13.060 / AH. 71 m, Malaise M 3 ”; MNHN.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF6FFB1FDA4FE0AFEC2013B.taxon	description	Description Female holotype Body length: 0.8 mm. Colour as in Fig. 13. Head in frontal view with vertex not protruding between posterior ocelli (Fig. 13 B). Gena buccate (Fig. 13 B). Ventral margin of clypeus weakly convex (Fig. 13 D). Upper face smooth except rare piliferous punctures (Fig. 13 B). Length of pedicel plus flagellum shorter than head width. All funiculars wider than long, Fu 3 anelliform (Fig. 13 F). Mesosoma dorsally almost flat (Fig. 13 A). Pronotum longer than mesoscutum (Fig. 13 E). Basal cell of fore wing with a few scattered setae on upper side (Fig. 13 C). MV about 2.4 × SV. Hind tibia length about 5 × width. Gaster shorter than combined length of head and mesosoma, moderately compressed laterally (Fig. 13 A). Tip of hypopygium not incised (cf. Fig. 6 I). Ovipositor sheath length about 0.3 × length of hind tibia. Variation Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF6FFB1FDA4FE0AFEC2013B.taxon	distribution	Distribution Mozambique.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF6FFB1FDA4FE0AFEC2013B.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts Unknown.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
03FE87A8FFF6FFB1FDA4FE0AFEC2013B.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic comments This species stands out in having extensively light-coloured legs and differs from similar species such as E. brevicauda sp. nov. and E. monticola in having a weakly convex clypeal margin and a shorter marginal vein.	en	Mitroiu, Mircea-Dan, Andriescu, Ionel, Manic, Gheorghe (2024): The Afrotropical and West-Palaearctic species of Ecrizotes Förster (Hymenoptera: Pirenidae). European Journal of Taxonomy 970: 1-37, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.970.2745, URL: https://europeanjournaloftaxonomy.eu/index.php/ejt/article/download/2745/12583
