identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F1854F067E9F69FF26FDA61C788EF0.text	03F1854F067E9F69FF26FDA61C788EF0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavreliella Kieffer 1920	<div><p>Genus Zavreliella Kieffer, 1920</p><p>Type species by monotypy: Chironomus clavatirus Kieffer, 1913 [= Chironomus marmoratus v. d. Wulp, 1859]</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F1854F067E9F69FF26FDA61C788EF0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Yanmin;Tang, Hongqu	Cao, Yanmin, Tang, Hongqu (2017): Zavreliella inawaheia Sasa, Kitami & Suzuki,. Zoological Studies (Zool. Stud.) 56 (5): 1-10, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2017.56-05, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060414
03F1854F067E9F6CFE8DFD571A6D8DB0.text	03F1854F067E9F6CFE8DFD571A6D8DB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavreliella shidai Cao & Tang 2017	<div><p>Zavreliella shidai sp. n.</p><p>(Figs. 1-16, 21)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: C5AA031B-6E2D-40BD-85F9- F77E09A1D2A0</p><p>Diagnosis: The male of the new species can be separated from others by the following combination: distinct abdominal markings and mottled wing; inferior volsella with the longitudinal suture laterally; superior volsella with two lateral setae on its inner margin. Pupa can be separated from others by the absence of distinct paired point patches on T II-VI, T VI with 4 LS-setae.</p><p>Description: Male (n = 1) (Figs. 1-9, Table 1)</p><p>Total length 3.5 mm. Wing length 1.7 mm. Total length/wing length 2.1. Wing length/length of front femur 1.8.</p><p>Coloration: Head and thorax brown to dark brown; wing with distinct dark spots (Fig. 1), a curved spot present in the anal cell; legs yellow with dark rings (Figs. 3, 4), color pattern of which are similar to those of North American population of Z. marmorata (Reiss 1990, figs. 1-2), but basal ring on fore tibia of this new species is distinctly narrower than that of the latter species. Abdomen medium brown, tergites II-VII each with dark saddle-shaped median elevation bearing a tuft of setae (Fig. 2).</p><p>Head: Temporals 10, uniserial, including 2 inner verticals, 5 outer verticals and 3 post orbitals. Frontal tubercle spindle-shaped, 23 µm in high and 13 µm wide in the middle. Frist antennal flagellomere dark brown, other flagellomeres yellow or pale brown, AR 1.5, ultimate flagellomere 683 µm long. Clypeus with 20 setae. Tentorium 150 µm long, 35 µm wide. Lengths of palpomeres 1-5 (in µm): 48, 31, 160, 150, 215.</p><p>Thorax: Antepronotums 0; acrostichals 6, beginning some distance from antepronotum, and running to the shallowly rounded tubercle;</p><p>dorsocentrals 9, without scutal fossal setae anteriorly; humeral pit minute, but clear; prealars 3; scutellars 9.</p><p>Wings: VR 1.25. Brachiolum with 1 seta; R with 15, R 1 with 14, R 4+5 with 22 setae.</p><p>Legs. Foretibia apically with curved spur, 50 µm long (Fig. 5); spur on mid-tibia 73 µm long, inner basal portion with 4-5 side teeth, combs consisting of 25 teeth (Fig. 6); spur on hind tibia 90 µm long, inner basal portion with 8-10 teeth, combs consisting of 40 teeth (Fig. 7). Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs in table 1.</p><p>Abdomen: Numbers of setae on saddle-shaped dark areas in T II-VI: 30, 48, 40, 42, and 20 (Fig. 2).</p><p>Hypopygium (Figs. 8, 21): Anal tergite bands short, separated widely. Median anal tergite with 9 setae on each side. Anal point nearly parallel-sided and distally slightly rounded, 45 µm long. Superior volsella (Fig. 9) broadly digitiform, 40 μm long, with 4-5 setae on its dorsal and 2 long setae on its middle portion of inner margin. Basal lobe with hemispheric projection, dominant, clearly microtrichiose. Inferior volsella 120 μm long, with a distinct longitudinal suture laterally. Phallapodeme 90 μm long. Transverse sternapodeme 70 μm long, lateral sternapodeme 90 μm long. HR 1.0, HV 2.6.</p><p>Pupa (n = 4) (Figs. 10-16):</p><p>Coloration: Largely yellow to pale brown. Abdominal spines and spinules darker than cuticle. Total length 3.9-5.0, 4.3 mm. Abdomen 3.1-4.0, 3.4 mm long.</p><p>Cephalothorax: Cephalic tubercle small, conical, 10-12 µm wide and 5 µm high (Fig. 10). Frontal setae short, 10-12 µm long. Anteromedian thorax smooth, with a distinct tubercle. Thoracic horn with 4 branches, of which the basal two branches are slightly stronger than others (Fig.</p><p>11). Antepronotals 2. Precorneals minute, only 2 observed. Dorsocentrals divided into 2 groups, Dc 1 and Dc 2 ca. 40 µm long, slightly longer than those of Dc 3 and Dc 4 (Fig. 12). Basal ring flatly ellipse-shaped (Fig. 13).</p><p>Abdomen: Tergal paired point patches not clearly delimited. Tergite II-VI with obvious anterior transverse bands of points stronger than those of median and posterior patches. T I bare, T II-III with extensive spinules, subquadrate in outline, anterior spinules distinctly stronger than those of the posterior (Fig. 14). T IV-VI split into anteromedian patch and posterior patches, the anterior bands with somewhat of a tendency to separate into 2 sub-patches if only considering the stronger spines. T VII reduced into two anterolateral patches, T VIII bare. Conjunctive spinules between segments absent. Hook row on T II relatively weak, with 28- 34, 32 hooks, occupying 0.3-0.4, 0.3 of tergal width. Vortex absent, pedes spurii B on segment II, weak. Comb of segment VIII composed of 1 larger and 2-3 small teeth, the longest spur 15-20, 18 µm (Fig. 15). Lateral taeniae of segments V-VIII: 3, 4, 4, 4. Anal lobe with 26-30, 29 taeniae. Male genitalia sac extending slightly past the distal margin of anal lobe (Fig. 16).</p><p>Material examined: Holotype. male with pupal exuviae. CHINA: Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Conghua District, Dongkeng Reservoir, 23-iii-2015 (emerged 02-iv-2015), coll. HQ Tang. Paratypes. 2 pupal exuviae, as holotype except 20-viii-2015; 1 pupal exuviae, as holotype except 27-vii-2015.</p><p>Etymology: Named after Prof. Shida Wang who first reported the related genus from China and contributed to elucidation of Chinese midge fauna.</p><p>Distribution: China (Guangdong Province)</p><p>Remarks: The pupa was collected from a small clean reservoir with several submerged macrophytes, and successfully reared to the adult stage. The adult undoubtedly belongs to the Z. marmorata group because the basal lateral lobe of superior volsella has a hemispherical microtrichiose projection, and the inferior volsella has a longitudinal suture laterally. The male most resembles that of Z. marmorata in the inferior volsella with long apical lobes and the digitiform superior volsella with two short setae along the inner margin, but differs from it in the hemispherical lateral lobe of superior volsella and the wing without any marking around the anal lobe. In Z. marmorata, the superior volsella has a weakly developed lateral lobe and the wing bears dark markings on the base of anal cell (Reiss 1990; Cranston et al. 1989).</p><p>The pupa is unique in the homogeneous spinulation on the abdominal tergites II-VI, while all the known pupae are armed with paired point patches on each of these tergites (Reiss 1990; Pinder and Reiss 1986).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F1854F067E9F6CFE8DFD571A6D8DB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Yanmin;Tang, Hongqu	Cao, Yanmin, Tang, Hongqu (2017): Zavreliella inawaheia Sasa, Kitami & Suzuki,. Zoological Studies (Zool. Stud.) 56 (5): 1-10, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2017.56-05, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060414
03F1854F067B9F6EFCC6FE171F518AD0.text	03F1854F067B9F6EFCC6FE171F518AD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavreliella undetermined	<div><p>Zavreliella inawaheia Sasa, Kitami &amp; Suzuki,</p><p>2001</p><p>(Figs. 17-19, 20)</p><p>Zavreliella sp. “inawaheia ”, Sasa, Kitami &amp; Suzuki, 2000: 13.</p><p>Zavreliella inawaheia, Sasa, Kitami and Suzuki, 2001: 12; Yamamoto &amp; Yamamoto, 2014: 343 (misspelled as inwaheia).</p><p>Diagnosis: Z. inawaheia differs from its congeners by the following combination: dark saddle-shaped markings on T II-VI; the insertion of 2 inner long setae of superior volsella more distally; apex of inferior volsella with a shallow cleft.</p><p>Redescription: Male (n = 1) (Figs. 17-19, Table 2). Total length 3.5 mm. Wing length 1.8 mm. Total length/wing length 2.0.</p><p>Coloration: Color pattern of legs and wing similar to previous species, abdomen terga II-VI also with distinct median dark markings in which numerous dark long setae are situated.</p><p>Head: Temporals 11, uniserial, including 5 inner and 6 outer verticals. Antenna with subapical seta, 15 µm long, AR 1.4, terminal flagellomere 657 µm long. Clypeus with 26 setae. Lengths of palpomeres 1-5 (in µm): 30, 38, 28, 195, 150, third palpomere with 6 strong setae.</p><p>Thorax: Antepronotums 0; acrostichals 10; dorsocentrals 10; prealars 4. Scutellum with 9</p><p>20 21</p><p>setae, 4 of which are short.</p><p>Wings. VR 1.4. Brachiolum with 1 seta; R with 16, R 1 with 13-15, R 4+5 with 28-32 setae.</p><p>Legs: Apex of fore tibia with an arcuate curved spur, 45 µm long; spur on mid-tibia 70 µm long, inner basal portion with 4-6 furrows; spur on hind tibia 110 µm long, inner basal portion with 6-8 teeth. Lengths (in µm) and proportions of legs in table 2.</p><p>Abdomen: T II-VI each with a medial bundle bearing strong dark setae, the seta number of each segment: 14, 16, 26, 14, and 11, TVII without distinct marking, with 4-5 dark long setae.</p><p>Hypopygium (Figs. 17, 20): Anal tergite band present. Median anal tergite with 8 setae on each side, posterior margin of T IX with 5 setae per side dorsally. Anal point nearly parallel-sided and slightly rounded distally, 45 µm long. Superior volsella (Fig. 18) broadly digitiform, 35 μm long, with 4 dorsolateral setae on its basal 1/2 and 2 long ventromedian setae on its subapical portion of inner margin. Basal lateral lobe present, clearly microtrichiose. Inferior volsella (Fig. 19) with a shallow notch and 3-4 strong setae apically. HR 1.5, HV 3.5.</p><p>Material examined: Holotype. male of Z. inawaheia (NSMT-I-Dip 5371 (No. 401: 015), JAPAN: Fukushima Prefecture, Lake Inawashiro, 06-vii-2000, coll. K Kitami.</p><p>Distribution: Japan (Fukushima Prefecture)</p><p>Remarks: The condition of the holotype is not so good; air bubbles and crystallization of mounting medium made it difficult to observe the wing pattern and the color pattern of abdomen. The fore- and middle tarsi are lost.</p><p>The species belongs to the Z. marmorata group, as the male has a flat microtrichiose lateral lobe in the superior volsella, and a shallow notch in the inferior volsellae. Yamamoto and Yamamoto (2014) pointed out that the species may be a junior synonym of Z. marmorata (Wulp) if observed correctly from the lateral view, but the male is distinct in having the apical cleft in the apex of inferior volsella. In Z. marmorata, the inferior volsella possesses a longitudinal suture laterally (Reiss 1990).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F1854F067B9F6EFCC6FE171F518AD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Yanmin;Tang, Hongqu	Cao, Yanmin, Tang, Hongqu (2017): Zavreliella inawaheia Sasa, Kitami & Suzuki,. Zoological Studies (Zool. Stud.) 56 (5): 1-10, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2017.56-05, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060414
03F1854F06799F6EFF4FF9371A688FAD.text	03F1854F06799F6EFF4FF9371A688FAD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavreliella marmorata (Wulp 1858)	<div><p>Zavreliella marmorata (v. d. Wulp, 1859)</p><p>Chironomus marmorata Wulp, 1859: 166 .</p><p>Chironomus (Lauterborniella) marmorata: Edwards 1929: 405.</p><p>Lauterborniella (Zavreliella) marmorata: Goetghebuer 1939: 48; Wang 1977: 232.</p><p>Zavreliella marmorata: Lenz 1941: 55; Reiss 1990: 94; Ashe and Cranston 1991: 316. For other synonyms, see Reiss (1990: 91).</p><p>Diagnosis: Z. marmorata can be separated from others by the following combination: superior volsella with a weak lateral lobe and 2 subequal setae in the inner margin; gonostylus broad in the middle section.</p><p>Material examined: 1 male, Hubei Province, Jingzhou City, Hong Lake, 15-vii-2013, leg. Y.M. Cao; 1 female, 1 pupa, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou City, Liuxihe Reservoir, 03-x-2015, leg. H.Q. Tang.</p><p>Distribution: East Asia (China: Hubei, Guangdong and Yunnan Provinces), South Asia (India and Sri Lanka), South-East Asia (Indonesia), Europe and North America.</p><p>Remarks: In China, the species was previously known only from Hubei and Yunnan Provinces, and we now add a new record from Guangdong Province. This species will probably be found to have a broad distribution in China with further extensive survey.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F1854F06799F6EFF4FF9371A688FAD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Yanmin;Tang, Hongqu	Cao, Yanmin, Tang, Hongqu (2017): Zavreliella inawaheia Sasa, Kitami & Suzuki,. Zoological Studies (Zool. Stud.) 56 (5): 1-10, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2017.56-05, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060414
03F1854F06779F60FCFCFCF71BB7895D.text	03F1854F06779F60FCFCFCF71BB7895D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zavreliella undefined-1	<div><p>Key to the known males of Asian Zavreliella</p><p>species</p><p>1. Inferior volsella with 2 recognizable sections divided by a longitudinal suture ............................................................. 2</p><p>- Inferior volsella only with a shallow split distally ................... Z. inawaheia Sasa, Kitami and Suzuki, 2001 (East Asia: Japan)</p><p>2. Inner margin of superior volsella with 2 subequal ventromedian setae ........................................................... 3</p><p>- Inner margin of superior volsella with 1 long and 2 short ventromedian setae .............................................................. ........... Z. cranstoni Reiss, 1990 (Southeast Asia: Malaysia)</p><p>3. Abdominal segments with faint markings. Lateral lobe of superior volsella flat. Wing anal cell with 4-5 rectangular spots ............ Z. marmorata (v. d. Wulp, 1859) (widespread)</p><p>- Abdominal segments with dark brown markings. Lateral lobe of superior volsella hemispheric. Wing anal cell with only 3 spots, including a curved one .................................... ............................. ........... Z. shidai sp. n. (East Asia: China)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F1854F06779F60FCFCFCF71BB7895D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Cao, Yanmin;Tang, Hongqu	Cao, Yanmin, Tang, Hongqu (2017): Zavreliella inawaheia Sasa, Kitami & Suzuki,. Zoological Studies (Zool. Stud.) 56 (5): 1-10, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2017.56-05, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8060414
