identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F0E042C54EFF93FF67F9396317FBB7.text	03F0E042C54EFF93FF67F9396317FBB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pangasiidae Bleeker 1858	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phylogenetic relationships within  Pangasiidae</p>
            <p> The complete mtDNA sequence datasets (concatenated 13 PCGs) recovered  Pangasius and  Pangasianodon as sister subclades and the  Pangasiidae as a monophyletic clade with a 100% bootstrap value (Fig. 2). The ML tree clarified the monophyly of  Pangasianodon and  Pangasius with 88% bootstrap support. The ML tree clarified the monophyly of  Pangasianodon , with 88% bootstrap support.  Pangasianodon gigas is identified as a sister taxon to a group of  P. sanitwongsei and  Pn. hypophthalmus (5 mitogenomes), and  Pangasius bocourti (as named in GenBank under no. MN842723) is positioned in the  Pn. hypophthalmus group with 100% bootstrap support. Within the  Pangasius ,  P. mekongensis was recovered as a sister taxon to the Indian  Pangasius pangasius Hamilton-Buchanan, 1822 (Hossain et al. 2009) with a very high bootstrap (100%), while  P. krempfi was placed in between  P. larnaudii and the two abovementioned  Pangasius species (  P. mekongensis and  P. pangasius ) with a moderate bootstrap value (68%). The most concerning feature is that  P. sanitwongsei was positioned as a sister taxon to a subgroup of all the  Pn. hypophthalmus sequences (bootstrap 98%), and was in between this subgroup and  Pn. gigas (Fig. 2). Several samples may have been misidentified and, therefore, phylogenetically misplaced. In fact, the sequence named “  Pangasianodon_hypophthalmus _(BaijinCo-Foshan)-China-MZ286355” is  Pangasius larnaudii , and the “  Pangasius bocourti (QingyuanGD) -China-MN842723” sample is  Pangasianodon hypophthalmus . These pangasiid sequences were grouped into their corresponding phylogenetic clades (Fig. 2). </p>
            <p> Furthermore, using single-gene datasets, we investigated the close phylogenetic relationships between  Pangasius and  Pangasianodon . Multiple cox 1 and cyt B barcode sequences are available in GenBank and in previous publications; therefore, we downloaded all cox 1 (551 bp) and cyt B (634 bp) sequences and extracted cox 1 and cyt B, respectively, from the complete mitogenomes (listed in Table S3). The cox 1 and cyt B topologies also revealed that the  Pangasiidae were a sister group to the  Austroglanididae . All three families (  Pangasiidae ,  Cranoglanididae , and  Austroglanididae ) together with the  Ictaluridae formed a large group that was always a sister group to the  Ariidae , as discovered in the mitophylogeny constructed based on the complete mitogenome data in our current study and as in the previously reported analysis (Schedel et al. 2022). </p>
            <p> The cox 1 phylogenetic tree (Fig. 3) indicated that  P. mekongensis (4 sequences) is a sister taxon to  P. pangasius (8 sequences) with relatively high bootstrap support (88%). In the cyt B tree (Fig. 4), this species is sistered with  P. pangasius with 100% nodal support.  Pangasius krempfi , in the cox 1 tree, was shown to be close to the  Helicophagus species (  Helicophagus leptorhynchus and  Helicophagus waandersii ) with a low bootstrap of 44%, and was placed as a sister taxon in the cyt B tree in a non-stable phylogenetic relationship with a 63% bootstrap, to  P. macronema and  P. polyuranodon . The partial cox 1 datasets (four sequences, consisting of two from South Africa, one from China, and one from Cambodia) and cyt B datasets (two sequences from Thailand and one from China) of the correctly identified  P. sanitwongsei species placed this taxon into the  Pangasius clade, although with low support (bootstrap 36% and 29%, respectively) (Figs. 3 and 4). It should be noted that several  P. sanitwongsei sequences, including Psan-(PB2)-(China)-JN020073 and Psan-(PB1)-CN-JN020086, as well as a  P. bocourti sequence, Pboc-(QingyuanGD)-China-MN842723, were placed in the  Pn. hypophthalmus cluster, which could be attributed to missampling or misidentification (Figs. 3 and 4). </p>
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            <p>05</p>
            <p> In both the cox 1 and cyt B phylogenies, the  Pangasianodon was clearly resolved as a sister to the  Pangasius with medium nodal support (bootstrap: 86% for cox 1 and 52% for cyt B). While the monophyletic  Pangasianodon was resolved with its two members (  Pn. gigas was the sister taxon to  Pn. hypophthalmus in both the cox 1 and the cyt B phylogenetic topologies), the  Pangasius cluster included not only  Pangasius but  Helicophagus and  Pseudolais species as well. Though they had low bootstrap values (28% for cox 1 and 29% for cyt B phylogeny),  Helicophagus and  Pseudolais species were grouped as sister taxa to some of the  Pangasius species.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F0E042C54EFF93FF67F9396317FBB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Duong, Thuy Yen;Pham, Linh Thi Khanh;Le, Xuyen Thi Kim;Nguyen, Ngoc Tran Thi;Nor, Siti Azizah Mohd;Le, Thanh Hoa	Duong, Thuy Yen, Pham, Linh Thi Khanh, Le, Xuyen Thi Kim, Nguyen, Ngoc Tran Thi, Nor, Siti Azizah Mohd, Le, Thanh Hoa (2023): Mitophylogeny of Pangasiid Catfishes and its Taxonomic Implications for Pangasiidae and the Suborder Siluroidei. Zoological Studies 62 (48): 1-17, DOI: 10.6620/ZS.2023.62-48, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.6620/ZS.2023.62-48
