identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F3175FEF6E5E46FC2F3B56FDAFF7EB.text	03F3175FEF6E5E46FC2F3B56FDAFF7EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhagada Albers 1860	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhagada Albers, 1860</p>
            <p> Rhagada Albers, 1860 [in Martens &amp; Albers]: 108–109 (type species  Helix reinga Pfeiffer, 1846 by original designation); Pilsbry, 1890: 185–191, 1894: 135–136; Martens, 1891: 235–236; Preston, 1908: 120, 1914: 13; Hedley, 1916: 69–70; Rensch, 1931: 94–95, Iredale, 1938: 112–113, 1939: 58–63; Solem, 1985a: 875–919, 1985b: 143–136, 1991: 217–218, 1997: 1663–1789; Solem &amp; McKenzie, 1991: 247–263; Johnson &amp; Black, 1991: 367–374; Withers et al., 1997: 599–611; Falconieri, 1995: 81–84; Vermeulen &amp; Whitten, 1998: 127–128; Johnson et al., 2004: 341–355; 2006: 45–50; Maassen, 2009: 65–69; Köhler, 2011: 270–287; Stankowski, 2011: 756–769, 2013: 2726–2741; Johnson et al., 2012: 316–327; Köhler &amp; Criscione, 2013: 1971–1982. </p>
            <p> Bellrhagada Iredale, 1938: 114, 1939: 71–72 (type species  Rhagada plicata Preston, 1914 , by original designation). </p>
            <p> Tumegada Iredale, 1939: 62 (type species  Helix convicta Cox, 1876 , by original designation). </p>
            <p> Taxonomic history. Solem (1985a) synonymised  Bellrhagada and  Tumegada . There are about 35 species in Western Australia, which are comparatively well-known. Six nominal species have so far been described from the Lesser Sunda Islands. Rensch (1931) grouped the species known at the time into two polytypic species (so-called “Rassenkreise”) based on shell features. He considered  R. colona (Martens, 1877) and  R. supracostulata (Schepman, 1892) as subspecies of the Australian “  R. plectilis (Benson, 1853) ” (=  Plectorhagada plectilis ) for having a small shell with strong axial ribs. However,  P. plectilis has since been shown to be part of a different genus (Solem, 1997). Rensch (1931) also recognised a second polytypic species,  R. solorensis (Martens, 1863) with its subspecies  R. solorensis floresiana (Martens, 1891) , as a distinct species for its larger shell and faint axial ribs. Subsequently, Maassen (2009) reinstated  R. colona and  R. supracostulata as full species but maintained the subspecies arrangement for  R. solorensis and R. s.  floresiana without explanation. In addition, he described a new species from Alor island,  R. setzeri Maassen, 2009 . Earlier, Falconieri (1995) also described a new species from Nusa Penida,  R. marghitae . However, this description was apparently overlooked subsequently. Except for the description of  R. setzeri , all taxonomic decisions were based on shell features only. Characters considered particularly relevant for the taxonomy of  Rhagada species were shell size, development of axial ribs, and closure of umbilicus. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Shell small to medium-sized (D = 9–25 mm), subglobose with moderately to strongly elevated, exceptionally also low spire; umbilicus frequently concealed by greatly expanded callus, occasionally forming a chink or narrowly open; protoconch smooth to weakly sculptured by radial ridgelets or ribs; teleoconch with faint to well-developed sculpture of axial ridgelets or ribs, mostly on upper sector of whorls; whorls separated by shallow suture; periphery wellrounded to weakly angulated. Shell colour generally variable, background whitish or brownish horn, with well-developed, red subsutural, peripheral and frequently additional, thinner spiral bands. Eversible head wart between ommatophores. Penis without penial sheath, with well-developed, long and coiled epiphallus with flagellum of variable length; penial retractor muscle attached at epiphallus; epiphallus opens to lumen of penial chamber through large, cone-shaped verge with characteristic sperm groove. Bursa copulatrix short to long, simple to kinked (based on Köhler, 2011).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3175FEF6E5E46FC2F3B56FDAFF7EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Köhler, Frank	Köhler, Frank (2014): On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 115-123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502132
03F3175FEF6C5E46FC7A3C94FC3AF9F2.text	03F3175FEF6C5E46FC7A3C94FC3AF9F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhagada solorensis (Martens 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhagada solorensis (Martens, 1863)</p>
            <p> 
Helix solorensis 
Martens, 1863: 179 (from ‘Lamakera, Solor’, 8° 25' 60" S, 123° 10' 00" E; nine syntypes ZMB Moll. 5587, not seen).  Helix (Rhagada) solorensis – Martens, 1891: 235. </p>
            <p> Rhagada solorensis solorensis – Rensch, 1931: 95, Maassen, 2009: 66 (partim). </p>
            <p>Material examined. AM C.471154 (Indonesia, Solor Island, 3 wet, 2 dry).</p>
            <p> Taxonomic history. Representing the first named non-Australian species,  R. solorensis has continuously been maintained as a distinct species in previous taxonomic treatments. Vermeulen &amp; Whitten (1998) and Maassen (2009) reported  R. solorensis from Bali and Nusa Penida, apparently unaware of the description of  R. marghitae from these islands. In fact, Maassen’s (2009) report of  R. solorensis is entirely based on material of  R. marghitae . Rensch (1931) and Maassen (2009) assigned  R. floresiana as a second subspecies for its similar shell. However, Rensch (1931) indiscriminately lumped together most Lesser Sunda species while Maassen (2009) confused  R. solorensis and  R. marghitae . The proposals of both authors are therefore not well-substantiated. In light of generally widespread narrowrange endemism in  Rhagada (Köhler, 2011; Johnson et al., 2012), I prefer maintaining the original treatment of Martens (1863, 1891) and consider  R. solorensis as endemic to Solor Island. Populations from other islands should not be lumped with  R. solorensis in absence of evidence from comparative studies. Consequently,  R. floresiana is also maintained as a distinct species endemic to Flores. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Shell comparatively large (D = 16–19 mm; Table 1), smooth or with fine axial ribs only, umbilicus forming a chink or narrowly open, peripheral band particularly welldeveloped (Fig. 1A) (Martens, 1891). Penis with large, smooth penial verge with rounded tip, epiphallus with short flagellum (Fig. 2A).</p>
            <p> Comparative remarks. Shells figured by Maassen (2009) from Nusa Penida are misidentified specimens of  R. marghitae . Most typical characteristic is smooth penial verge with rounded tip. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3175FEF6C5E46FC7A3C94FC3AF9F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Köhler, Frank	Köhler, Frank (2014): On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 115-123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502132
03F3175FEF6C5E41FC683A1FFE75FD29.text	03F3175FEF6C5E41FC683A1FFE75FD29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhagada colona (Martens 1877)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhagada colona (Martens, 1877)</p>
            <p>
                 
Helix colona 
Martens, 1877: 272 , pl. 1, figs 4, 5 (from ‘  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.86829/lat -10.983152)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.86829&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-10.983152">Dana Island</a>
                 , SW of Timor’, centre at 10° 58' 59.35" S, 122° 52' 5.86" E; eight syntypes ZMB Moll. 26629, not seen) 
            </p>
            <p> Rhagada plectilis colona – Rensch, 1931: 95. </p>
            <p> Taxonomic history. While Rensch (1931) treated  R. colona as subspecies of the Australian species  Plectorhagada plectilis based on a similar shell, Maassen (2009) maintained it as a distinct species. Museum material from Savu Island has also been assigned to this species under an unpublished variety name (ZMB Moll. 52292). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Shell comparatively small, smooth, umbilicus forming a chink (Martens, 1877; Maassen, 2009). Genitalia unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Poorly characterised by reference to shell features; comparative study of anatomical and molecular characters required to confirm status.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3175FEF6C5E41FC683A1FFE75FD29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Köhler, Frank	Köhler, Frank (2014): On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 115-123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502132
03F3175FEF6B5E41FF213ED4FEFAF9B3.text	03F3175FEF6B5E41FF213ED4FEFAF9B3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhagada floresiana (Martens 1891)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhagada floresiana (Martens, 1891)</p>
            <p>
                 Helix (Rhagada) floresiana Martens, 1891: 235–236 , pl. 14, figs 13, 14 (from ‘ Flores,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 122.22/lat -8.62)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=122.22&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.62">Maumere’</a>
                 , 8° 37' 12" S, 122° 13' 12" E; 3 syntypes ZMB Moll. 44732, not seen). 
            </p>
            <p> Rhagada solorensis floresiana – Rensch, 1931: 95, Maassen, 2009: 66 (partim). </p>
            <p> Taxonomic history. Martens (1891) recognised  R. solorensis as distinct by its thinner, more turreted shell, less thickened columellar lip and slightly different colour. This taxon has subsequently been treated as a subspecies of  R. solorensis by Rensch (1931) and Maassen (2009) based on shell features. I prefer following the original concept and maintaining  R. floresiana as a distinct species (see also under  R. solorensis ). Genitalia were figured by Wiegmann (1893), who noted that in this illustration the insertion of the penial retractor was missing. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Shell comparatively large (D = 16–19 mm), smooth or with fine axial ribs only, umbilicus forming a chink or narrowly open, peripheral band particularly welldeveloped (Martens, 1891).</p>
            <p> Comparative remarks. Shell similar to  R. solorensis ; species poorly defined by shell characters only; comparative study of anatomical and molecular characters required to confirm status. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3175FEF6B5E41FF213ED4FEFAF9B3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Köhler, Frank	Köhler, Frank (2014): On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 115-123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502132
03F3175FEF6B5E41FC663ED5FBD0F9D3.text	03F3175FEF6B5E41FC663ED5FBD0F9D3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhagada marghitae Falconieri 1995	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhagada marghitae Falconieri, 1995</p>
            <p> Rhagada marghitae Falconieri, 1995: 81–84 , figs 1, 2 (from ‘  Nusa Penida, Pura Batu Medau’; holotype MSNM 22635, not seen ) </p>
            <p> Rhagada solorensis (partim) – Vermeulen &amp; Whitten, 1998: 127, fi g. 129. </p>
            <p> Rhagada solorensis solorensis – Maassen, 2009: 66 (partim). </p>
            <p>
                 Material examined.   AM C.327851 (Indonesia,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 115.5/lat 8.75)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=115.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.75">Nusa Penida</a>
                 , Goa Giri Putri, 8° 45' N, 115° 30' E, 5 wet)  . 
            </p>
            <p> Taxonomic history.Apparently not aware of Falconieri’s description, this species was subsumed under  R. solorensis by Vermeulen &amp; Whitten (1998) and Maassen (2009). The original description focuses on characters exhibited by several species but provides little information permitting the recognition of this species. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Shell moderately large (D = 14–15.5 mm), with fine axial growth lines, umbilicus forming a chink or narrowly open. Penial verge smooth with pointed tip and well-developed sperm groove, inner penial wall smooth, epiphallus with moderately long flagellum (Fig. 2B).</p>
            <p> Comparative remarks. Confused with  R. solorensis by Vermeulen &amp; Whitters (1998) and Maassen (2009), who depicted shells of this species as  R. solorensis . Most typical characteristics are smooth, pointed penial verge and smooth inner penial wall. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3175FEF6B5E41FC663ED5FBD0F9D3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Köhler, Frank	Köhler, Frank (2014): On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 115-123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502132
03F3175FEF6B5E40FC733A7EFDF3FE8B.text	03F3175FEF6B5E40FC733A7EFDF3FE8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhagada setzeri subsp. setzeri Maassen 2009	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhagada setzeri setzeri Maassen, 2009</p>
            <p>
                 Rhagada setzeri Maassen, 2009: 66–69 , figs 13–16 (from ‘  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.75/lat -8.25)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.25">Alor Island</a>
                 , near the airport’, 8° 15' 0" S, 124° 45' 0" E; holotype RMNH 113381). 
            </p>
            <p>Material examined. AM C.471156 (Indonesia, Alor Island, 3 dry).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Shell comparatively large (D = 16–19 mm), with usually well-developed axial ribs, umbilicus closed. Penis with long epiphallus, short flagellum, inner penial anatomy unknown (based on Maassen, 2009).</p>
            <p> Comparative remarks. Comparatively large shell with well-developed axial sculpture and closed umbilicus is most characteristic. Well-differentiated from  R. solorensis and  R. abbasi n. sp. in a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial COI and 16S sequences (Fig. 3). Specimens from Atauro Island differ by consistently smaller shell, weaker sculpture, narrowly open umbilicus but are differentiated by comparatively low genetic distances (Table 2); therefore being recognised as distinct subspecies. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3175FEF6B5E40FC733A7EFDF3FE8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Köhler, Frank	Köhler, Frank (2014): On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 115-123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502132
03F3175FEF6B5E41FF073A5EFB05FD28.text	03F3175FEF6B5E41FF073A5EFB05FD28.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhagada supracostulata (Schepman 1892)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhagada supracostulata (Schepman, 1892)</p>
            <p> Helix supracostulata Schepman, 1892: 150 , pl. 6, fig. 1 (from ‘Sumba island’, 9° 40' 0" S, 120° 0' 0" E; 15 syntypes RMNH 57062, not seen) </p>
            <p> Rhagada plectilis supracostulata – Rensch, 1931: 95. </p>
            <p> Rhagada supracostulata – Maassen, 2009: 66. </p>
            <p>Taxonomic history. Known only from dry shells studied by Schepmann (1892) and Maassen (2009); not seen by the present author.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Shell comparatively small, umbilicus forming a chink, most specimens with distinct basal ridge. Genitalia unknown (Maassen, 2009).</p>
            <p>Comparative remarks. Poorly defined by shell characters only; comparative study of anatomical and molecular characters required to confirm status.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3175FEF6B5E41FF073A5EFB05FD28	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Köhler, Frank	Köhler, Frank (2014): On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 115-123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502132
03F3175FEF6A5E40FF013DB6FC13FCEA.text	03F3175FEF6A5E40FF013DB6FC13FCEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhagada setzeri subsp. atauroensis Köhler 2014	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhagada setzeri atauroensis n. subsp.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 1C, D, 2C)</p>
            <p>
                 Type locality.   Timor-Leste,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.59219/lat -8.202306)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.59219&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.202306">Atauro Island</a>
                 , 2.6 km NW of Beloi, 8° 12' 08.3" S, 125° 35' 31.9" E  . 
            </p>
            <p> Holotype. AM C.478282 (dissected specimen, wet, shell destroyed).</p>
            <p>
                  Paratypes. AM C.468712 (type locality, 23 wet), AM C.468711 (near  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.58192/lat -8.21175)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.58192&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.21175">Makadade</a>
                 , 8° 12' 42.3" S, 125° 34' 54.9" E, 20 wet, 5 dry)  ,   AM C.468709 (northern tip of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.63317/lat -8.132306)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.63317&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.132306">Atauro</a>
                 , 8° 07' 56.3" S, 125° 37' 59.4" E, 7 wet, 8 dry)  ,   AM C.470222 (2.6 km NNW of  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 125.60553/lat -8.208417)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=125.60553&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.208417">Beloi</a>
                 , 8° 12' 30.3" S, 125° 36' 19.9" E, 4 dry)  . 
            </p>
            <p>Etymology. Named for Atauro Island.</p>
            <p>Description. Shell moderate in size (D = 13–19 mm; Table 1), with faint to well-developed axial ribs, umbilicus forming a chink or narrowly open. Penial verge with circular folds, penial wall with weakly developed longitudinal pilasters, epiphallus with short flagellum (Fig. 2C).</p>
            <p> Comparative remarks. Differs from the nominate form by smaller shell, weaker ribs, more vivid colouration, not completely closed umbilicus. Both island forms are separated by comparatively low genetic distances of about 4% in COI and 2% in 16S (Table 2). Because low genetic differentiation might indicate incomplete reproductive isolation, the Atauro Island populations are described as a subspecies of  R. setzeri rather than being recognised as a full species.  Rhagada setzeri is well-differentiated from  R. solorensis and  R. abbasi n. sp. by means of genetic distances of 12–16% in COI and 8–9% in 16S. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3175FEF6A5E40FF013DB6FC13FCEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Köhler, Frank	Köhler, Frank (2014): On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 115-123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502132
03F3175FEF695E42FE923F2DFD36FECA.text	03F3175FEF695E42FE923F2DFD36FECA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhagada abbasi Köhler 2014	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Rhagada abbasi n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figs 1 E–H, 2D)</p>
            <p>
                 Type locality.   Indonesia, Nusa Tenggara Timur Province,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 123.46667/lat -8.416667)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=123.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-8.416667">Lembata Island</a>
                 (= Lomblem), – 8° 25' S, 123° 28' E  . 
            </p>
            <p> Holotype. AM C.478280 (dissected specimen, wet).</p>
            <p> Paratypes. AM C.471153 (4 wet, 7 dry), AM C.468979 (2 wet, 5 dry), AM C.478281 (50 dry), ZMB 117967 (50 dry) . </p>
            <p>Etymology. In honour of John Abbas, Jakarta, who kindly provided material from Lembata and Solor.</p>
            <p>Description. Shell moderate in size (D = 15– 15 mm; Table 1), broadly subglobose, with variable reddish-brown banding on whitish to creamish background, with sculpture of faint to well-developed axial ribs, umbilicus forming a chink, lip thickened, slightly reflected (Fig. 1 E–H). Penial verge smooth with pointed tip and well-developed sperm groove, inner penial wall with well-developed longitudinal pilasters, epiphallus with longitudinal pilasters along inner wall, short flagellum (Fig. 2D).</p>
            <p> Comparative remarks. Shell smaller than  R. solorensis ,  R. floresiana , and  R. setzeri setzeri , but similar to.  R setzeri atauroensis . Most typical features are smooth penial verge with pointed tip and well-developed longitudinal pilasters of penial wall. Well-differentiated from  R. solorensis and  R. setzeri in a molecular phylogeny based on mitochondrial COI and 16S sequences (Fig. 3). </p>
            <p> Discussion. Previous taxonomic treatments of Lesser Sunda species were predominantly based on shell characters, which were usually inferred from small series of specimens. The better known Australian  Rhagada species were shown to have rather conserved shells with regard to general shape and size while exhibiting considerable variation in shell sculpture, umbilical morphology and colour (Köhler, 2011; Johnson et al., 2012). Extreme amounts of intraspecific variation in shells were observed in some island populations, but are governed by strong selection in an extreme environment (Stankowski, 2011, 2013). By contrast, the species from the Lesser Sunda Islands remain poorly documented in terms of available study material. However, where large numbers of specimens are available for study (i.e.,  R. setzeri atauroensis ), the intraspecific variation of shells was found to correspond well with levels observed in Australian species. There is no reason to assume that other Lesser Sunda species exhibit much lower amounts of intraspecific variability. Consequently, traditionally emphasised shell characters, such as sculpture, umbilical morphology and banding pattern, may be of little taxonomic utility. </p>
            <p> Recent studies in Australian camaenids, including  Rhagada , showed that comparative penial anatomy (Fig. 2) may provide valuable taxonomic information even in species that possess conserved shells (e.g., Köhler &amp; Johnson, 2012; Criscione &amp; Köhler, 2013a, 2013b). The penial anatomy of two already described species (  R. solorensis ,  R. marghitae ) and two new taxa (  R. setzeri atauroensis n. sp. ,  R. abbasi n. sp. ) provided useful taxonomic information complementing the shell-based taxonomy. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial sequences of the COI and 16S genes showed that  Rhagada species from the Lesser Sunda Islands form a clade, which represents the sister group of all known species from the Australian Pilbara region (Fig. 3; Köhler &amp; Criscione, 2013). Amongst these species,  R. setzeri atauroensis forms the sister group of  R. setzeri setzeri from Alor. Both species are differentiated by mean p-distances of 4% in COI and 2% in 16S (Table 2). Other species are differentiated by p-distances of 11–16% in COI and 8–9% in 16S. These distances correspond well with amounts of interspecific variation found in Australian  Rhagada species (about 4%; Johnson et al., 2012) as well as other camaenid genera, such as  Exiligada (about 3%; Criscione et al., 2012) and  Amplirhagada (about 6%; Köhler &amp; Johnson, 2012). However, extreme intraspecific distances of up to 10% have occasionally also been observed in camaenid snails (Chiba, 1999; Criscione &amp; Köhler, 2013a). </p>
            <p> Progress has been made towards a more complete documentation of the diversity of  Rhagada across the Lesser Sunda Islands. However, complete sampling on all Lesser Sunda Islands is required to address the remaining taxonomic issues and to improve our understanding of the evolution of this group throughout the entire archipelago. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F3175FEF695E42FE923F2DFD36FECA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Köhler, Frank	Köhler, Frank (2014): On the land snail Rhagada Albers, 1860 (Gastropoda: Camaenidae) from across the Lesser Sunda Islands. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62: 115-123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4502132
