taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F287F77D008013CEFBFDF7FE7CE321.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — AUSTRIA, Mandling (“ in paludibus prope Mandling in Styria auctumno 1859 ”), Grunow sample 522, lectotype (Plate 3, figs 10 c & d in Grunow 1862 designated in Lange-Bertalot et al. 2011, p. 232); isolectotypes (here designated): slide BR- 4715! (BR, Meise Botanic Garden) and slide W 0164808 both prepared based on Grunow sample 522 (Mandling, Styria, Austria, coll. date 30. IX. 1859 (Grunow erroneously put 31 / IX / 1859 in his annotation book), leg. A. Grunow) PhycoBank registration: — http: // phycobank. org / 103145 Synonyms: — Eunotia denticulata var. fennica Hustedt (1932: 291), Eunotia fennica (Hustedt 1932: 291) Lange-Bertalot (in Werum & Lange-Bertalot 2004: 152)	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
03F287F77D018014CEFBF9F9FB90E773.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — THE NETHERLANDS, Egelmeer, Veenendaal, sample D 283, coll. date 05. IV. 1978, leg. H. van Dam, holo-BR- 4716! (Meise Botanic Garden, Belgium), iso- slide 404! (University of Antwerp, Belgium). The holotype is represented by Fig. 44. PhycoBank registration: — http: // phycobank. org / 103146 Synonym: — Eunotia paludosa Grunow sensu Alles et al. 1991, Eunotia paludosa Grunow sensu Krammer & Lange-Bertalot 1991. To exclude from synonymy: — Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 LM (Figs 37 – 81): Frustules in girdle view roughly rectangular, frustule width 4 – 7 µm with slightly concave margins (Figs 37 – 39). Valves weakly arched with consistently more or less convex dorsal margins and variable ventral margins, ranging from almost straight in the shortest valves to moderately concave in medium-sized to longer specimens. Apices narrowly protracted, dorsally slightly or very slightly reflexed, sometimes simply broadly rounded. Valve dimensions (n = 50): length 9.5 – 35.0 µm, width 2.0 – 2.5 µm, length-to-width ratio 5 – 13. Terminal raphe nodules close to the poles. Terminal raphe fissures comparatively rather short in the valve face, not attaining the middle, never closer to the dorsal side of valve poles but often difficult to discern in LM. Striae equidistant on the valve face, 21 – 23 in 10 µm. Areolae not discernible in LM. SEM (Figs 82 – 84): Striae uniseriate throughout, composed of small, rounded areolae, 48 – 50 in 10 µm (Figs 82, 83). Mantle striae ventrally composed of up to 5 areolae near the valve middle, only 2 near the apices (Fig. 82). Spines lacking (Fig. 83). Externally, raphe branches curving from valve mantle rather shortly up onto the valve face surrounded by a comparatively small terminal area, distinctly distant from the dorsal sides of the valve poles (Figs 82, 83). Single rimoportula present at one of both poles (Fig. 84, arrow), located close to the helictoglossa. Helictoglossa prominent at both poles (Fig. 84). Girdle composed of several open, perforated bands (Fig. 82).	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
03F287F77D018014CEFBF9F9FB90E773.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet ‘ sphagnicola ’ refers to the almost exclusive preference of the new species for Sphagnum - dominated habitats.	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
03F287F77D018014CEFBF9F9FB90E773.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Due to severe damaging – or land use amelioration in an anthropogenic sense (pollution, draining, eutrophication) – ombrotrophic Sphagnum - bogs in Europe have been transformed into minerotrophic waters. As a consequence, Eunotia sphagnicola has become rare, although still abundant in places under disguise of the false name E. paludosa Grunow as shown here. In the past, E. sphagnicola was likewise mistaken for several other small-celled Eunotia taxa or viewed as a related infraspecific taxon. Its autecology (as E. paludosa) was investigated in detail by Alles et al. (1991) and Krammer & Lange-Bertalot (1991). During a study of the diatom associations in the Italian part of the southwestern Alps, Cantonati et al. (2011) investigated the “ false E. paludosa ” in mountain mires, shallow pools with acidic, low mineralization waters, and peat bogs. In this study, E. sphagnicola (as E. paludosa) was almost exclusively found associated with Sphagnum spp. and a whole plethora of acidophilous and often acidobiontic diatoms, such as 18 different Eunotia species, among them E. paludosa Grunow (1862) s. s. in one locality, which was reported as E. fennica then. They also compared peat bogs and similar habitat types hosting E. sphagnicola (as E. paludosa) in the literature from the following countries: The Netherlands, Slovenia, border region of Czechia / Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Volga Upland in Russia, North Mongolia. According to Lange-Bertalot et al. (2011, p. 186), E. sphagnicola (as E. paludosa) seems less abundant in “ minerotrophic peat bog complexes, dystrophic effluents, springs, brown water lakes or periodically wet habitats on sandstone rocks ”.	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
03F287F77D048016CEFBFA66FAD6E36F.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — INDIAN OCEAN, La Grande Coulée, Ile de la Possession, Crozet Archipelago (sample BM 290, coll. date 4. I. 1998, leg. B. Van de Vijver), holo- BR- 4717! (Meise Botanic Garden, Belgium), iso- slide 405! (University of Antwerp, Belgium). The holotype is represented by Fig. 94. PhycoBank registration: — http: // phycobank. org / 103147 Synonym: — Eunotia paludosa sensu Van de Vijver et al. (2014) To exclude from synonymy: — Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 LM (Figs 85 – 119): Frustules rectangular in girdle view with barely to very slightly concave ventral margins, frustule width 3.5 – 6.0 µm (Figs 85 – 87). Valves weakly arched with more or less convex dorsal margins. Ventral margins moderately concave in all cell cycle stages down to the shortest valves. Apices distinctly narrowed, strongly protracted, subcapitate and dorsally reflexed in all stages. Valve dimensions (n = 50): length 17 – 44 µm [up to 70 µm in other populations on the sub-Antarctic islands (Van de Vijver et al. 2014)], width 2.0 – 2.5 µm (occasionally up to 3.5 µm), length-to-width ratio 17 – 20. Terminal raphe nodules close to the poles. Striae 18 – 20 in proximal parts, up to 22 in 10 µm in the distal parts. Areolae not discernible in LM. SEM (Figs 120 – 126): Striae uniseriate throughout, composed of small, rounded areolae, ca. 50 in 10 µm (Figs 120 – 122). Mantle striae ventrally composed of up to 6 small, rounded areolae near the valve middle, only 2 near the apices (Fig. 120). Spines lacking (Figs 121, 122). Externally, raphe branches curving from valve mantle onto the valve face (Figs 120, 122). Terminal raphe fissures extending rather long onto the valve face in a distinct pore, more than halfway to the dorsal margin (Figs 122, 124). Single rimoportula present at one of both poles, external opening distinctly visible between the smaller areolae (Fig. 123, arrow). Internally, rimoportula located close to the helictoglossa (Figs 125, 126). Helictoglossa prominent at both poles (Fig. 125). Girdle composed of 2 – 5 open, perforated copulae, including the valvocopula (Fig. 121).	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
03F287F77D048016CEFBFA66FAD6E36F.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet insularum is a plural genitive in Latin indicating here the sub-Antarctic islands where this species is found.	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
03F287F77D048016CEFBFA66FAD6E36F.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Surprisingly, the new taxon appears to be a distinct, yet up until recently unidentfied Eunotia species. After revision of its taxonomic identity on all sub-Antarctic islands in the southern Atlantic and Indian Ocean, it becomes clear that E. insularum occurs over almost the entire sub-Antarctic region, encompassing the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Currently, the new species was observed on seven archipelagos and islands, such as the Falklands / Islas Malvinas (reported as E. pseudopaludosa in Jüttner & Van de Vijver 2018), South Georgia, Iles Crozet, Iles Kerguelen, and Heard Island (on the latter 4 localities reported as E. paludosa; Van de Vijver & Beyens 1998, Van de Vijver et al. 2001, 2002, 2004, Van de Vijver et al. 2014). However, the species seems absent, so far, from all neighbouring continents and the entire Holarctic realm. Eunotia insularum was frequently and abundantly observed (as E. paludosa) from wet acid soils and submerged to wet terrestrial mosses and bog ponds, mostly in peat-dominated valleys. A particular feature of all sub-Antarctic localities is the complete absence of Sphagnum species, replaced by mosses such as Drepanocladus uncinatus (Hedw.) Warnst. in the peat formation on these islands. On Ile Amsterdam, the most northern of the sub-Antarctic islands in the southern Indian Ocean, E. insularum was found associated with Sphagnum - dominated bog ponds, as this is the only island with this kind of vegetation (Van de Vijver et al. 2008, Flatberg et al. 2011, Chattová et al. 2021).	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
03F287F77D0B801ACEFBFF7DFD23E2F3.taxon	materials_examined	Type: — GREENLAND, Zackenberg (sample M 446, coll. date VIII. 1998, leg. L. Beyens), holo- BR- 4718! (Meise Botanic Garden, Belgium), iso- slide 406! (University of Antwerp, Belgium). The holotype is represented by Fig. 133. PhycoBank registration: — http: // phycobank. org / 103148 LM (Figs 127 – 161): Frustules rectangular in girdle view (Fig. 127). Valves weakly arched with parallel margins. Dorsal margins clearly convex. Ventral margins moderately concave in almost all cell cycle stages, smaller valves becoming more or less straight. Apices protracted, obliquely subcapitate and usually dorsally reflexed in the entire cell diminution series. Valve dimensions (n = 50): length 16 – 62 µm, width 2.5 – 3.0 µm, length-to-width ratio 6.8 – 20. Terminal raphe nodules close to the poles. Striae 21 – 22 in 10 µm, equidistant throughout the entire valve length. Areolae not discernible in LM. SEM (Figs 162 – 168): Striae uniseriate throughout, composed of small, rounded areolae, 42 – 44 in 10 µm (Figs 163, 164). Mantle striae ventrally composed of up to 7 small, rounded areolae near the valve middle (Fig. 162). Apices with two rows of small, circular areolae (Fig. 162). Spines lacking (Figs 162, 163). Externally, raphe branches curving from almost halfway on the valve mantle onto the valve face (Figs 162, 165). Terminal raphe fissures extending ca. halfway towards the dorsal side, visible on the valve face, ending in a distinct pore (Fig. 164). Single rimoportula present at one of both poles, internally located close to the helictoglossa (Figs 166, 167). Helictoglossa prominent at both poles (Figs 167, 168).	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
03F287F77D0B801ACEFBFF7DFD23E2F3.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — The specific epithet zackenbergensis refers to Zackenberg, a Danish research station in the Northeast Greenland National Park in northeastern Greenland, where the species was first identified.	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
03F287F77D0B801ACEFBFF7DFD23E2F3.taxon	distribution	Distribution and ecology: — Eunotia zackenbergensis was collected from very wet mosses, growing in an Arctic bog pond in northeastern Greenland. Van Kerckvoorde et al. (2000) identified the species as E. fallax A. Cleve (Cleve, 1895: 33) and grouped the sample (M 446) in an assemblage characterised by high frequencies of Rossithidium petersenii (Hustedt) Round & Bukhtiyarova (Hustedt 1937: 179, Round & Bukhtiyarova 1996: 178) and several Pinnularia species. The new species is one of the most frequently observed Eunotia species in Greenland, often reaching relative abundances of up to 70 % of the total diatom composition and usually present in bog ponds or fens (Goeyers, unpubl. res.). Due to confusion with E. paludosa, regularly reported from Arctic localities, its precise ecology and distribution is at present not well known.	en	Vijver, Bart Van De, Lange-Bertalot, Horst, Goeyers, Charlotte, Mertens, Adrienne, Schuster, Tanja M., Ector, Luc (2022): The identity of Eunotia paludosa Grunow 1862 (Eunotiaceae, Bacillariophyta), a revision, and the description of three new species of Eunotia Ehrenberg. Phytotaxa 545 (3): 261-277, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.545.3.2
