identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03F4DC05FFC1C87C6C86DEB45301816B.text	03F4DC05FFC1C87C6C86DEB45301816B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy 1830	<div><p>Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830</p><p>Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 305 . Type species: Estheria imperatoriae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (= Dexia cristata Meigen, 1826), by subsequent designation of Townsend (1916: 7) [Palearctic]. References: Brauer &amp; Bergenstamm (1891: 362; notes); Stein (1924: 233; key and notes); Townsend (1936: 135; key); Townsend (1938: 333; notes); Emden (1954: 31; key); Herting (1974: 39; notes); Zimin et al. (1988: 1271; key); Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 362; Palearctic catalog); Tschorsnig &amp; Herting (1994: 80; key); O’Hara &amp; Wood (2004: 26; Nearctic catalog); O’Hara et al. (2009: 30; catalog of China); Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012: 271; European and Mediterranean species and key); Zhang et al. (2013: 139; checklist); O’Hara &amp; Cerretti (2016: 43; Afrotropical catalog).</p><p>Generic definition. Male. Head. Eye bare. Frons less than 1/7 of head width, fronto-orbital plate with dense black setulae, facial carina usually undeveloped but distinct, sometimes developed with a nipple-like protrusion, parafacial bare or hairy, about twice as wide as first flagellomere; gena broad, 0.4–0.7 of eye height in lateral view; outer vertical seta hair-like, frontal setae descending at most to level of upper margin of pedicel; proclinate orbital seta absent; vibrissa usually inserted above level of lower facial margin; upper occiput usually with 1–2 rows of black setulae below postocular setae; antenna usually short, at most as long as height of gena; first flagellomere 1.2–2.0 times as long as pedicel, arista plumose or short-haired.</p><p>Thorax. Proepisternum and prosternum bare; postpronotal lobe with 2–5 setae, the three strongest usually arranged in a triangle; usually 3 katepisternal setae, sometimes 2; katepimeron usually setulose; anterior and posterior lappets of posterior thoracic spiracle unequal in size, posterior lappet subcircular; lower calypter with long or short fringe on outer margin. Wing. Second costal sector usually bare ventrally (in some species setulose), veins M and wing cell r 4+5 usually open, sometimes closed at wing margin or with a petiole at most 0.20 times as long as postangular section of vein M. Leg. Inner anterior surface of fore coxa bare or predominately bare; fore tibia usually with a row of short anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws and pulvilli longer than or equal to 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 1–3 anterodorsal, 2 posterior and 1–2 ventral setae; hind tibia with 3–5 median anterodorsal, 2–5 median posterodorsal and 1–4 ventral setae, 2 apically dorsal, 1 apically anteroventral and 1 short apically posteroventral seta.</p><p>Abdomen. Long ovate, black or reddish brown, covered with gray or yellowish pruinosity; syntergite 1+2 excavate to base way from posterior margin or to posterior margin, usually without median marginal setae; tergites 3 and 4 each with median discal setae. Terminalia. Sternite 5 wide, quadrangular, with posterior lateral lobes usually wide, bluntly rounded apically, with deep V-shaped median cleft; cercus usually short, often bent backward apically, slender, straight and pointed in apical half; surstylus long, wide and rounded at apex; pregonite short, bent posteriorly at apex; distiphallus long and slender, with spinules on membranous ventral surface; membranous apical part of distiphallus distinctly shorter than sclerotized basal part.</p><p>Female. As male, except as follows: Frons more than 1/3 of head width, parafacial more than twice as wide as first flagellomere; gena 0.6–0.7 times eye height in lateral view. Two proclinate orbital setae, 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; abdomen black, ovate or predominantly red yellow.</p><p>Distribution. Afrotropical, Oriental, Palaearctic and Nearctic regions (O’Hara &amp; Henderson 2018).</p><p>Remarks. This genus has characters in common with the Dexia Meigen, such as pregonite short, distiphallus long, membranous apical part of distiphallus shorter than sclerotized basal part and proepisternum bare, but Estheria is different from the latter in having fronto-orbital plate setulose and femora, tibiae and abdomen dark. Estheria and Zeuxia Meigen appear to be similar in having fronto-orbital plate with dense hairs and proclinate orbital setae, proepisternum bare, second costal sector often bare ventrally, femora and abdomen dark, pregonite short and membranous apical part of distiphallus shorter than sclerotized basal part, but Estheria differs from Zeuxia (anterior and posterior lappets of posterior thoracic spiracle equal in size, hind tibia usually with 3 preapical dorsal setae, and wide male frons with a row of proclinate orbital setae) in having narrow male frons without a row of proclinate orbital setae, anterior and posterior lappets of posterior thoracic spiracle unequal in size, posterior lappet subcircular, hind tibia with 2 preapical dorsal setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFC1C87C6C86DEB45301816B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFC0C87B6C86DE7255B98494.text	03F4DC05FFC0C87B6C86DE7255B98494.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy 1830	<div><p>Key to the East Palearctic and Oriental species of Estheria</p><p>1 Parafacial entirely bare, or at most with short hair-like setae below lowest frontal seta............................... 2</p><p>- Parafacial with hair-like setae at least on upper half......................................................... 15</p><p>2 Lower calypter with long hairs along outer margin, much longer than marginal hairs of upper calypter; facial carina developed, straight in lateral view or with a nipple-like protrusion in lower portion; upper 1/3 of occiput at most with a few scattered black hair-like setulae; arista with trichia 1.0–2.2 times width of 1 st flagellomere; middorsal excavation of syntergite 1+2 extending to posterior margin.................................................................................... 3</p><p>- Lower calypter with long hairs only at base, the remaining marginal hairs shorter than or at most as long as marginal hairs of upper calypter; facial carina not developed; upper half of occiput usually with at least a row of black hair-like setulae; arista short plumose; middorsal excavation of syntergite 1+2 not or extending to posterior margin........................... 7</p><p>3 Facial carina with a nipple-like protrusion in lower portion; palpi dark brown, at most with reddish-brown base in female; scutum with 2–3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; scutellum entirely black, at most covered with brownish grayyellow pruinosity; legs in both sexes dark brown except for median portion of tibia reddish brown and apex of femur yellow.................................................................................................... 4</p><p>- Facial carina sometimes with indistinct nipple-like protrusion, narrow and straight in lateral view; palpi dark brown in male, reddish-yellow in female; scutum with 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; scutellum reddish-yellow at apex; femora dark brown in male, tibiae reddish-yellow............................................................ 5</p><p>4 Facial carina with an indistinct nipple-like protrusion in lower portion; prementum 5–6 times as long as wide in lateral view; lower calypter brown to dark brown in male; thorax, including scutellum, with dense brownish gray-yellow pruinosity; abdomen covered with brownish-gray pruinosity, tergite 3 with a triangular brown marking or with a pair of small brown markings.............................................................................. tibetensis sp. nov.</p><p>- Facial carina with a distinct nipple-like protrusion in lower portion; prementum 7–8 times as long as wide in lateral view; lower calypter pale brownish to brown in male; thorax and abdomen with dense gray or yellowish-gray pruinosity; abdominal tergite 3 without brown markings or with a pair of small brown markings............................. prostata sp. nov.</p><p>5 Prementum 4–5 times as long as wide; abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of large brown markings and tergites 3 and 4 each with a pair of median discal setae............................................................... magna (Baranov)</p><p>- Prementum 6–8 times as long as wide; abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of small brown markings or without brown markings and tergites 3 and 4 each with 2–4 median discal setae........................................................ 6</p><p>6 Palpi dark in male; thoracic dorsum and abdomen covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, tergites 3 and 4 each with a pair of small brown markings and each usually with 2–4 median discal setae in male and 2 median discal setae in female.................................................................................................... wangi sp. nov.</p><p>- Palpi reddish-yellow in male; thoracic dorsum and abdomen densely covered with gray pruinosity, without brown markings, and tergites 3 and 4 each with 2 median discal setae in both sexes.............................. .. flavipennis Herting</p><p>7 Hair-like setulae on genal dilation, pleurae, coxae, trochanters, femora and ventral surface of abdominal tergites 1+2 and 3 pale yellow; proboscis short, labella longer than prementum, which is 2–3 times as long as wide in lateral view; arista with trichia 2–3 times width of 1 st flagellomere; upper half of occiput with at most a few scattered black hair-like setulae.................................................................................................. pallicornis (Loew)</p><p>- Hair-like setulae on genal dilation, pleurae, coxae, trochanters, femora and ventral surface of abdominal tergites 1+2 and 3 black; labella distinctly shorter than prementum, which is at least 4 times as long as wide in lateral view; arista short plumose or with short trichia; upper occiput with at least a row of black hair-like setulae; second costal sector bare ventrally........ 8 8 Postpronotum with 4–6 setae, the three strongest in most cases arranged in a triangle; scutum with 3–4 presutural and 3–4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; scutellum reddish or yellowish at least apically; wing cell r 4+5 closed at wing margin, at most with a short petiole; mid tibia with 3 anterodorsal setae; abdominal syntergite 1+2 excavated to posterior margin.......... 9</p><p>- Postpronotum with 3–4 setae, the three strongest more or less arranged in a straight line; scutum with 2–3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; wing cell r 4+5 open or closed at wing margin; mid tibia with 1 or 2 anterodorsal setae; abdominal syntergite 1+2 excavated to posterior margin or not.......................................................... 10</p><p>9 Wing cell r 4+5 with a petiole at least as long as crossvein r-m; wing not brown-clouded along crossveins dM-Cu and r-m; mid tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal setae......................................................................... 11</p><p>- Wing cell r 4+5 closed at wing margin or at with at most a very short petiole; wing brown-clouded along crossveins dM-Cu and r-m; mid tibia with 1 or 3 anterodorsal setae................................................................ 12</p><p>10 Frons of male about 1/7 of head width; abdomen reddish-yellow; middorsal excavation of syntergite 1+2 extending to posterior margin; length of prementum unknown......................................... bucharensis (Kolomiets)</p><p>- Frons of male about 1/15 of head width; abdomen dark brown; middorsal excavation of syntergite 1+2 not extending to posterior margin; prementum 5–6 times as long as wide....................................... .. hirtinerva sp. nov.</p><p>11 Cell r 4+5 with petiole longer than crossvein r-m; height of gena and length of prementum about 1/2 of eye height; frontal vitta about twice as wide as fronto-orbital plate; scutum with 4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae.... cinerella Mesnil</p><p>- Cellr 4+5 with petiole at most as long as crossvein r-m; height of gena more than 1/2 of eye height; length of prementum slightly less than 1/2 of eye height; frontal vitta about as wide as fronto-orbital plate; scutum with 3–4 presutural and 3–4 postsutural dorsocentral setae...................................................................... lacteipennis Mesnil</p><p>12 Scutum with 3–4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; mid tibia with 3 strong anterodorsal setae; wing darkened along crossveins r-m or dM-Cu; abdominal tergites 3 and 4 each with a pair of laterodiscal setae...................... 13</p><p>- Scutum with 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; mid tibia with 1 or 3 anterodorsal setae; wing not darkened along crossveins r-m or dM-Cu; abdominal tergites 3 and 4 without laterodiscal setae............................... 14</p><p>13 Prementum 3.5–5 times as long as wide. Male frons 0.20–0.30 times as wide as an eye in dorsal view; male abdomen usually more or less dark red in ground colour, female abdomen predominantly red or yellow............... acuta (Portschinsky)</p><p>- Prementum 6–7 times as long as wide. Male frons at most 0.20 times as wide as an eye in dorsal view; male abdomen usually dark brown in ground colour [female abdomen unknown].................................... maculipennis Herting</p><p>14 Postpronotum with 4–6 setae, the three strongest arranged in more or less a straight line; mid tibia with 1 long lower and 2 short upper anterodorsal setae.............................................................. cristata (Meigen)</p><p>- Postpronotum with 4 setae, the three strongest arranged in a triangle; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta..... alticola Mesnil</p><p>15 Postpronotum at least partly yellow; abdominal ground colour varying from black to mostly reddish-yellow; basicosta yellow to light brown (distinctly lighter than tegula); 1 st flagellomere yellow, rarely light brown; scutellum entirely reddish-yellow, covered with grayish pruinosity; male frons 0.25–0.45 times as wide as an eye in dorsal view........................ 16</p><p>- Postpronotum entirely black; abdominal ground colour black; basicosta varying from yellow to black; 1 st flagellomere light brown to black; scutellum darker near anterior margin and reddish-yellow at apex; male frons 0.20–0.35 times as wide as an eye in dorsal view....................................................................................17</p><p>16 Lateral presutural black vitta sharply outlined, wedge-shaped, reaching level of medial posthumeral seta anteriorly; median presutural vittae narrow, separated by a distance of 5–10 times the width of a vitta (in posterior view); wing membrane almost entirely hyaline, brownish around crossvein r-m; outer posthumeral seta and presutural seta on yellow ground colour; abdominal ground colour varying from reddish-yellow with a narrow black middorsal vitta to black; male frons 0.25–0.35 times as wide as an eye in dorsal view............................................................. decolor (Pandellé)</p><p>- Lateral presutural black vitta less distinctly outlined, more or less rectangular, reaching beyond medial posthumeral seta; median presutural vittae wider, separated by a distance of 2–5 times the width of a vitta (in posterior view); wing membrane usually brownish also around crossvein dM-Cu and postangular section of vein M; outer posthumeral seta and presutural seta on black ground colour; abdominal ground colour varying from black to brown (lighter specimens have a wide longitudinal middorsal black vitta); male frons 0.35–0.45 times as wide as an eye in dorsal view...................... picta (Meigen)</p><p>17 Inner margin of lower calypter (along scutellum) dark brown or black; arista plumose, the longest aristal hairs 0.9–1.4 times width of 1 st flagellomere; lateral presutural black vitta rectangular, reaching beyond median posthumeral seta; median presutural vittae wider, separated by a distance of 2–5 times width of a vitta; distiphallus unknown......... nigripes (Villeneuve)</p><p>- Inner margin of lower calypter (along scutellum) yellowish or brownish; arista short-haired or short plumose, the longest aristal hairs about 0.5 times width of 1 st flagellomere; lateral presutural black vitta almost rectangular in shape, reaching further than medial posthumeral seta anteriorly; distiphallus not thickened at mid length, with very small spines almost to apex..................................................................................... petiolata (Bonsdorff)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFC0C87B6C86DE7255B98494	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFC7C8796C86DA9855408772.text	03F4DC05FFC7C8796C86DA9855408772.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria hirtinerva Zhang & Shima & Liang & Li 2019	<div><p>Estheria hirtinerva Zhang &amp; Shima, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1, 13, 25, 37, 53, 65, 74, 78, 92, 107)</p><p>Diagnosis. Frons about 1/15 of head width, prementum 5–6 times as long as wide; scutum with 2–3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; second costal sector setulose ventrally; lower calypter with short fringe on outer margin; syntergite 1+2 only excavated at base; tergites 3 and 4 with 2 pairs (male) and 1 pair (female) of median discal setae.</p><p>Description. Body length: 6.2–9.1 mm.</p><p>Male. Head with grayish-white pruinosity, frontal vitta brown black, lunule reddish-brown; antennae and palpus dark brown, prementum gleaming black. Eyes nearly bare, with fine micro hairs. Frons about 1/15 of head width, widened anteriorly; frontal vitta linear in middle-upper portion; fronto-orbital plate with fine black hairs; parafacialia bare, about twice as wide as first flagellomere; facial carina undeveloped, with an indistinct nipple-like protrusion on lower face; lower margin of face slightly protruding; gena 0.45–0.55 of eye height. Inner vertical seta slender, hair-like, shorter than ocellar setae, about 0.3–0.4 of eye height; ocellar setae as long as frontal setae, about 1/2 of eye height and as long as upper frontal seta; outer vertical seta hair-like; 8–11 inclinate frontal setae; facial ridge with 4–6 hair-like setae on lower 1/4. Vibrissa inserted above level of lower margin of face; a row of subvibrissae below vibrissa; upper occiput with 1–3 rows of black setulae below postocular setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by about antennal length; first flagellomere 1.5–2.0 times as long as pedicel; arista, including plumosity, more than 2–2.5 times width of first flagellomere; palpus about as long as antenna, prementum 5–6 times as long as wide or 2/3–3/4 of eye height.</p><p>Thorax. Black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity; dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae; scutellum dark brown, with yellowish-gray pruinosity; pleura with gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles dark brown. Longitudinal black vittae extending to anterior half of postsutural scutum; narrower inner vitta about 1/3 of pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae; prosternum bare, about twice as long as wide; proepisternum bare; postpronotal lobe with 3–4 setae, the 3 strongest ones arranged in a triangle; scutum with 1–2 presutural and 1–2 postsutural acrostichal setae, 2–3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 2 postsutural intra-alar setae and 2–3 supra-alar setae; katepisternum with 3 setae; katepimeron hairy on anterior half; posterior lappet of posterior spiracle subcircular; scutellum with 3 pairs of marginal setae and 1 pair of discal setae. Wing. Hyaline, brownish, yellow at base; tegula and basicosta dark brown; halter reddish-yellow; lower calypter yellowish; costal spine absent or present, about as long as crossvein r-m; second costal sector with setulae ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately as 1:2.4:1.3; vein M, from crossvein dM-Cu to bend, 1.2–1.4 times as long as distance between bend and wing margin; veins R 4+5 and M merged or narrowly open at wing margin; bend of M rounded, near right-angled, without an appendage or with a short appendage about as long as crossvein r-m. Lower calypter large and round, with short fringe on outer margin. Legs. Black, except mid tibia reddish-yellow and pulvilli yellowish. Fore tibia with a row of anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 1–2 anterodorsal, 2 posterior and usually 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 2 ventral setae in apical half, 3–5 median anterodorsal and 2–5 median posterodorsal setae.</p><p>Abdomen. Long, ovate, black, densely covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, without brown spots on tergites 3 and 4. Syntergite 1+2 only excavated at base, with 1–2 lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–3 lateral marginal setae, usually 2 pairs of lateral discal setae and 2 pairs of median discal setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and usually 2 pairs of median discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of marginal setae and a row of discal setae. Terminalia (Figs 1, 13, 25, 37). Sternite 5 nearly quadrangular; posterior lobe wide, bluntly rounded apically; with V-shaped median cleft deep and wide medially. Cerci separated; cercus long and clearly curved anteriorly, with apical half narrow and pointed; surstylus wide and bluntly rounded at apex in caudal view; pregonite short and bent posteriorly; postgonite slightly shorter than basiphallus; distiphallus long, plate-like; sclerotized basal part of distiphallus about twice as long as membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme small.</p><p>Female. As male, except as follows: frons 0.34–0.38 of head width at narrowest point, frontal vitta about as wide as fronto-orbital plate, parafacial about 3 times as wide as first flagellomere; gena 0.62–0.80 of eye height; inner vertical seta stronger than ocellar setae, about twice as long as outer vertical seta; 5–7 inclinate frontal setae; 2 strong proclinate orbital setae and 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta; thorax and abdomen covered with yellowishgray pruinosity; all femora yellow except for dark apical 2/5 ventrally; all tibiae reddish-yellow in median portion and dark at base and apex; fore tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal setae; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral, 2–3 anterodorsal and 3–4 posterodorsal setae; abdomen broad ovate, without brown spots; tergites 3 to 5 each with a pair of discal setae.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: China: Sichuan prov., Daocheng county [in Chinese] / Geka-Echushan [in Chinese] / 2260-4100m / 2006.7.14 / C.-T. Zhang coll. [in Chinese] [printed white label] // Holotype [printed red label] // SYNU08757 [printed white label] // Estheria ♂ / hirtinervis / n. sp. [handwritten] / Zhang det., 2006 [printed] [white label] (SYNU) .</p><p>PARATYPES. China, Sichuan: 1 ♂ [IOZ(E)204687], Litang county, 4000 m, 5.VII.1982, S.-Y. Wang leg. (IZCAS) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Jiuzhai Gou county, Xueshan Kou, 3400 m, 31.VII.1993, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Kangding Xian, Xingdu Qiao, 3700 m, 22.VIII.1993, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, same as previous except X. Liang leg. (BLKU); 1 ♂, same as holotype except J.-Y. Liu leg. (SYNU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kangding, Laoyulin to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.96&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.94" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.96/lat 29.94)">Zheduo Mountain</a>, 3132–3231 m, N29.94° E101.96°, 10.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li &amp; H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) . Tibet (= Xizang): 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Médog county, Duoxiongla Mountain, 3600–4200 m, 8.VIII.2003, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Médog, Hanmi, 2150–3200 m, 9.VIII.2003, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 29 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, Linzi, Linzi town, 3000–3400 m, 11.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li &amp; H. Peng leg. (SYNU) ; 26 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Linzi, Bayi town, 3000 m, 12.VIII.2013, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Milin, Paizhen, 2850–3000 m, 13.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.- Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Milin county, Xuekagou, 2850–2900 m, 17.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 8 ♂♂, Milin, Paizhen to Médog highway, 3321 m, 7.VIII.2015, J. Yao leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Bomi county, Zamu Town, Duodong Temple, 2857 m, 13.VIII.2015, J. Yao (IZCAS) . Yunnan: 1 ♂, Lushui county, Pianma, 1750 m, 27.V.1981, S.-Y. Wang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Zhongdian, Xiaozhongdian, 3200 m, 2.VIII.1984, S.- Y. Wang leg. (IZCAS) ; 5 ♂♂ [IOZ(E) 204751, 204754], Weixi, Lidiping, 3100–3400 m, 13–14.VIII.1984, S.-Y. Wang, R.-Q. Wang &amp; C.-F. Li leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Lushui, Pianma, Yakou, 3153 m, 10–11.VII.2009, S.-C. Bai leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Lijiang, Mingyin to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.37/lat 27.57)">Fengke</a>, to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.37/lat 27.57)">Ninglang</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.37&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.57" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.37/lat 27.57)">Lugu Lake</a>, 2751–3359 m, N27.57° E100.37°, 23.VII.2017, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li &amp; H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) . Nepal: 2 ♀♀, Dobang Kharka, 2400 m, 8.X.1971 and 19–20.X.1971, A. Nakanishi leg. (BLKU) ; 3 ♂♂, Phulchoki, 2762 m, 18–21.IX.1987, M. Limbu leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Gandaki, Kaski, Kuldigar- Deurali, 2480–3190 m, 12.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Gandaki, Kaski, Chomrong-Chandruk, 2050– 1970 m, 14.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Solukhmbu Dist., Sete to Jumesi to Nunta, 27–28.VII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 12 ♂♂, 10 ♀♀, Solukhumbu Dist., Surke to Chumoa, 2339–2715 m, 31.VII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 5 ♂♂, Solukhumbu Dist., Chumoa to Namche Bazar, 2715–3400 m, 1.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is taken from a character of this species, i.e., 2nd costal sector of wing setulose ventrally. It is derived from the Latin adjective hirtus (=setulose) and the Latin noun nervus (= wing vein).</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Nepal.</p><p>Remarks. This species differs from the other species of Estheria in having 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 2 postsutural intra-alar setae, 2nd costal sector setulose ventrally, and syntergite 1+2 only excavated at the base.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFC7C8796C86DA9855408772	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFC5C8776C86D845510B8067.text	03F4DC05FFC5C8776C86D845510B8067.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria prostata Zhang & Shima & Liang & Li 2019	<div><p>Estheria prostata Zhang &amp; Shima, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 2, 14, 26, 38, 54, 66, 75, 79, 93, 108)</p><p>Diagnosis. Lower face with a developed nipple-like protrusion and lower margin of face distinctly protruding forward; prementum 6–8 times as long as wide; body with yellowish-gray pruinosity; 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin.</p><p>Description. Body length: 6.5–8.8 mm.</p><p>Male. Head covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, frontal vitta dark brown; lunule, antennae and palpi dark brown, palpi reddish-brown at base, prementum gleaming black. Frons at narrowest point about as wide as anterior ocellus, less than 1/15 of head width, widened anteriorly; frontal vitta linear in median portion; fronto-orbital plate with 2 rows of black hairs; parafacialia bare, about twice as wide as first flagellomere; facial carina narrow and low; lower face with a developed nipple-like median protrusion; gena 0.6–0.7 times as high as eye height; lower margin of face distinctly protruding forward; 8–9 inclinate frontal setae as long as ocellar setae; facial ridge with 4–6 hair-like setae on lower 1/4; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face; a row of subvibrissal setae; inner vertical seta about 0.3 of eye height, inner and outer vertical setae hair-like; upper occiput with a row of black setulae behind postocular setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by more than length of antenna, first flagellomere 1.2–1.5 times as long as pedicel; arista including plumosity 2.0–2.5 times as wide as first flagellomere; palpus about as long as antenna; prementum 6–8 times as long as wide, 0.85–1.00 of eye height.</p><p>Thorax black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity; dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae extending back to anterior half of postsutural scutum, narrower inner vitta about 1/3 width of pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae; scutellum dark brown with yellowish-gray pruinosity, sometimes with a dark median spot on base; pleura with yellowish-gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles brown to dark brown. Prosternum bare, 2.0–2.5 times as long as wide; proepisternum bare; 3 postpronotal setae arranged in a triangle, the middle one displaced anteriorly; 2 presutural and 3 postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 2 supra-alar setae; postalar callus with 2 setae; 3 katepisternal setae; posterior lappet of posterior spiracles circular; 3 pairs of scutellar marginal setae and 1 pair of scutellar discal setae. Wing hyaline, brownish; tegula and basicosta dark brown; lower calypter brownish-yellow; halters yellow. Costal spine shorter than 1/2 length of crossvein r-m; 2nd costal sector bare ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 4:9:5; vein M from dM-Cu crossvein to bend about 1.1 times as long as distance between bend and wing margin, with or without a short appendage at bend which is slightly shorter than 1/2 length of crossvein r-m. Lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin. Legs black, sometimes hind tibia reddish brown in median portion; pulvilli yellowish; fore tibia with a row of very short anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws slightly longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 2 posterodorsal setae, and usually with a short ventral seta; hind tibia with 2–3 anteroventral, 3–5 anterodorsal and 3 posterodorsal setae on basal 3/5, 1 apical anteroventral and 2 apical dorsal setae.</p><p>Abdomen long-ovate, black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, with a pair of small brown markings in median marginal area of tergites 3 and 4. Syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, with a pair of lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–3 lateral marginal setae and 2 median discal setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and 2 median discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of marginal setae and many irregular discal setae. Terminalia (Figs 2, 14, 26, 38). Posterior lobe of sternite 5 wide and slightly blunt at apex. Cerci short, separated and slightly bent backward, narrow and pointed in apical half; surstylus long and wide, slightly pointed and blunt at apex in caudal view; pregonite short and bent apically; postgonite about as long as basiphallus; disphallus long, membranous ventral surface with some spinules on upper half, sclerotized basal part about twice as long as membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme large, longer than 1/2 of aedeagal apodeme.</p><p>Female. As male, except as follows: frons about 1/3 of head width at narrowest point; frontal vitta about as wide as fronto-orbital plate; genal height 0.8–0.9 of eye height. Inner vertical seta stronger than ocellar seta, about twice as long as outer vertical seta; 5–7 inclinate frontal setae, upper one as long as ocellar setae; 2 proclinate strong orbital setae and 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta. Legs dark brown except for basal 2/3 of femora and median portion of tibiae reddish yellow; fore tibia with 3 anterodorsal setae; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than tarsomeres; mid tibia with 2 anteroventral and 2–4 anterodorsal setae, two of them short or absent; hind tibia with 2–4 anterodorsal, 2–4 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae;. Abdomen ovate, with yellowish-gray pruinosity; tergite 3 with 0–1 discal setae; tergite 4 with a pair of discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of discal setae.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: China: Yunnan prov., Shangri-la [in Chinese] / Gezan [in Chinese] 3200 / 2010.VIII.18 / C.-T. Zhang coll. [printed white label] // SYNU07798 [printed white label] // Holotype [printed red label] // Estheria ♂ / prostata / n. sp. [handwritten] / C.-T. Zhang det. [in Chinese] 2010 / Zhang C. det. 2006 [printed] [white label] (SYNU) .</p><p>PARATYPES. China, Sichuan: 1 ♂, Kangding Xian, Xingdu Qiao, 3700 m, 22.viii.1993, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Xiaojin, Rilong town, 3300 m, 6.VIII.2005, H. Ao leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Mianyang, Pingwu, Wanglang Nature Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.14&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.94" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.14/lat 33.94)">Qikeshu</a>, 2653 m, N33.94° E104.14°, 23.VII.2016, H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Mianyang, Pingwu, Wanglang Nature Reserve, Eastern Reserve Station, 2666–2732 m, 2.VIII.2017, H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Kangding county, Laoyulin village–Mt. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.96&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.94" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.96/lat 29.94)">Zheduo</a>, N29.94° E101.96°, 3132–3231 m, 10.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Danba county, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.69&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.61" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.69/lat 30.61)">Maoniugu</a>, N30.61° E101.69°, 2888 m, 11.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li &amp; H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Xiaojin county, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.91" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.65/lat 30.91)">Jiajin Mountains</a>, N30.91° E102.65°, 3084 m, 17.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Luding county, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.216705&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.84639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.216705/lat 29.84639)">Western Erlang Mountains</a>, 1528–1600 m, N29°50'47 E102°13'0, 13.VIII.2018, C.-T. Zhang leg. (SYNU) ; 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Luding county, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.30561&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.781944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.30561/lat 29.781944)">Niubei Mountains</a>, N29°46'55 E102°18'20, 2000 –2700 m, 14.VIII.2018, C.-T. Zhang &amp; Y.-Z. Zhang leg. (SYNU) . Tibet (= Xizang): 21 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Milin, Xuekagou, 2850–2900 m, 16–17.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Linzhi, Bajiniange ferry, 2850–2950 m, 5.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang leg. (SYNU) ; 6 ♂♂, Linzhi Town, 3000–3400 m, 11–12.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li &amp; P. Hou leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, Linzhi, Bayi Town, 3000 m, 12.VIII.2013, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 3 ♂♂, Milin, Paizhen- Médog highway, 3321 m, 7.viii.2015, J. Yao leg. (IZCAS) . Yunnan: 18 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Nujiang, Laowo, 2000–2400 m, 4–5.IX.1996, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Lushui, Yaojiaping, 2400–2600 m, 1–2.IX.1996, W.-X. Zhang &amp; H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Baoshan, Dagaoping, 1900–2400 m, 7–9.IX.1996, W.-X. Zhang &amp; H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, same data as holotype (SYNU) . Nepal: 1 ♂, Bagmati, Mt. Pulchoki, 2760 m, 30.IX.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to a diagnostic character of this species, the nipple-like median protrusion on the lower portion of the face, and derives from the Greek noun prosthec (= attachment).</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Nepal.</p><p>Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from the other species of this genus in having linear frons, a developed nipple-like median protrusion on lower face, long prementum and lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFC5C8776C86D845510B8067	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFCBC8766C86DF7654FF86BA.text	03F4DC05FFCBC8766C86DF7654FF86BA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria tibetensis Zhang & Shima & Liang & Li 2019	<div><p>Estheria tibetensis Zhang &amp; Shima, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 3, 15, 27, 39, 55, 67, 76, 80, 94, 109)</p><p>Diagnosis. Body covered with grayish-yellow pruinosity; male frons about as wide as anterior ocellus, face with a small nipple-like median protrusion on lower face, prementum 5–6 times as long as wide, palpus dark brown; 2–3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin; male femora dark brown, female femora reddish-yellow except apex black ventrally; tibiae of both sexes dark except median portion reddish-yellow or brown.</p><p>Description. Body length: male 9.0– 9.1 mm, female 7.9–8.4 mm.</p><p>Male. Head covered with gray pruinosity; frontal vitta dark brown; lunule reddish-brown. Antenna and palpus dark brown; prementum gleaming black. Frons at narrowest point about as wide as anterior ocellus, less than 1/15 of head width; frontal vitta linear in middle portion; fronto-orbital plate with fine black hairs and parafacialia bare; parafacialia about twice as wide as first flagellomere; facial carina distinct, with a small nipple-like median protrusion on lower face; genal height 0.45–0.55 of eye height; lower margin of face slightly protruding forward. Inner and outer vertical setae hair-like; 8–10 inclinate frontal setae in anterior 2/3 of frons; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face; upper occiput with 1–2 rows of black setulae below postocular setae or some irregular black hairs. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by about length of antenna; 1 st flagellomere about 1.2 times as long as pedicel; arista including plumosity more than twice as wide as first flagellomere; palpus about as long as antenna; prementum 5–6 times as long as wide, about 3/5 of eye height.</p><p>Thorax black, covered with grayish-yellow pruinosity; dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae extending back to anterior 2/5 of postsutural scutum; scutellum dark brown, covered with grayish-yellow pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles dark brown. Prosternum and proepisternum bare; 3 postpronotal setae nearly arranged in a triangle; 1–2 presutural and 2 postsutural acrostichal setae; 2–3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postsutural intra-alar setae, anterior one smaller; 2 supra-alar setae; 3 katepisternal setae. Wing brownish, tegula and basicosta dark brown; halter yellow; calypters brownish yellow. Costal spine absent or small, less than 1/2 length of crossvein r-m; 2nd costal sector bare or with setulae ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 1:2.1:1; vein M from dM-Cu crossvein to bend about 1.1 times as long as distance between bend and wing margin; veins R 4+5 and M merged or cell r 4+5 narrowly opened at end. Lower calypter large and round with long fringe on outer margin. Legs dark brown, sometimes median part of tibia reddish-brown; pulvilli yellowish. Fore tibia with a row of fine anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws and pulvilli slightly longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal setae, upper one short, 2–3 posterior setae, and 1 ventral seta (sometimes absent); hind tibia with 4–5 anterodorsal, 4–5 posterodorsal and 3–4 ventral setae, 1 apical anteroventral and 2 preapical dorsal setae.</p><p>Abdomen long-ovate, black and densely covered with grayish-yellow pruinosity; tergite 3 with a pair of small dark brown markings or a large dark brown marking; tergite 4 sometimes with markings. Syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, with a pair of lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–2 lateral marginal setae and a pair of discal setae; tergites 4 and 5 each with a row of marginal setae, tergite 4 with 1–2 pairs of discal setae, tergite 5 with many irregular discal setae. Terminalia (Figs 3, 15, 27, 39). Sternite 5 wide, quadrangular, posterior lobe wide, bluntly rounded apically, with deep and narrow V-shaped median cleft. Cerci separated, apical half narrow and pointed; surstylus wide and bluntly rounded at apex; pregonite short; postgonite slightly longer than or equal to basiphallus; distiphallus long, plate-like, sclerotized basal part about 0.4 times as long as membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme long, about 0.5 times length of aedeagal apodeme.</p><p>Female. As male, except as follows. Body covered with yellowish to golden-yellow pruinosity. Frons wider than eye; genal height greater than eye height; 6 inclinate frontal setae; 2 strong proclinate orbital setae and 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta; inner vertical seta about twice as long as outer vertical seta or eye height. Femora reddish-yellow except apex black ventrally, tibiae dark except median portion reddish-yellow; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal, 1 ventral and 2 posterior setae; hind tibia with 4 anterodorsal, 3 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae. Abdomen ovate, tergites 3 to 5 each with a pair of discal setae.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: China: Sichuan prov., Daocheng county [in Chinese] / Geka-Echushan [in Chinese] / 2260-4100m / 2006.7.14 / L.-Y. Feng coll. [in Chinese] [printed white label] // SYNU08757 [printed white label] // Holotype [printed red label] // Estheria ♂ / tibetensis / sp. nov. [handwritten] / C.-T. Zhang det. [in Chinese], 2015 / Zhang det., 2015 [printed] [white label] (SYNU) .</p><p>PARATYPES. China, Sichuan: 1 ♂, Jiuzhaigou, 3400 m, 31.VII.1993, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, same data as holotype except J.-Y. Liu leg. (SYNU) . Xizang (= Tibet): 1 ♂, Médog county, Hanmi, 2150–3200 m, 9.VIII.2003, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 5 ♀♀, Linzhi, Médog, 1100–2500 m, 8–10.VIII.2013, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, 10 ♀♀, Linzi county, Lulang, 3300–3400 m, 6–7.VIII.2013, 11.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li &amp; P. Hou leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Linzi, Bayi Town, 3000 m, 12.VIII.2013, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 90 ♂♂, 48 ♀♀, Milin county, Nanyigou, 2950–3100 m, 16.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 7 ♀♀, Linzhi, Gongbujiangda county, 3200 m, 15–17.VIII.2013, Q. Wang &amp; P. Hou leg. (SYNU) ; 3 ♂♂, Rikaze, Yadong county, 2800–3000 m, 19–21.VII.2014, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU) . Yunnan: 45 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Deqen county, 3200–3800 m, 21–22.VIII.1996, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 5 ♂♂, Deqin, Baimang Snow Mountains, 3800–4300 m, 5–7.VII.2006, M.-F. Wang, L. Chang &amp; B.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 8 ♂♂, Lushui county, Pianma, Yakou, 3153 m, 8–11.VII.2009, S.-C. Bai, S. Wang &amp; W.-X. Dong leg. (SYNU) . Nepal: 1 ♂, Solukhumbu Dist., Surke to Chumoa, 2339–2715 m, 31.VII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality of this species: Tibet (= Xizang, China).</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Nepal.</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to E. magna (Baranov) in appearance, but can be distinguished by its smaller size and by having 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 2 supra-alar setae, and scutellum dark brown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFCBC8766C86DF7654FF86BA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFCAC8746C86D80D53E68287.text	03F4DC05FFCAC8746C86D80D53E68287.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria wangi Zhang & Shima & Liang & Li 2019	<div><p>Estheria wangi Zhang &amp; Liang, sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 4, 16, 28, 40, 56, 68, 77, 81, 95, 110)</p><p>Diagnosis. Prementum 6–8 times as long as wide; 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin; male legs black except for reddish-brown median part of tibia; female femora usually dark brown, tibiae of both sexes reddish-brown except for base dark; abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of triangular dark brown markings, tergites 3 and 4 with two pairs of median discal setae in males and one pair in females.</p><p>Description. Body length: 8.0–11.0 mm.</p><p>Male. Head. Frontal vitta, parafacialia and gena covered with grayish-white pruinosity; antenna brown-black, sometimes base of 1 st flagellomere reddish-brown; arista and lunule reddish-brown; palpus dark brown. Eye bare. Frons at narrowest point 1–2 times as wide as anterior ocellus; parafacialia about twice as wide as 1 st flagellomere in anterior view; facial carina slightly developed, narrowly flat and straight in upper part, with nipple-like protrusion in lower part; genal height at most 0.55–0.65 of eye height; 9–11 pairs of inclinate, crossed frontal setae, lowest one slightly above base of scape; proclinate ocellar setae 0.6–0.7 of eye height, stronger than frontal setae; inner and outer vertical setae hair-like; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face, distance between vibrissa and lower margin of face greater than length of 1 st flagellomere; 2–4 postocellar setae, anterior two slender, posterior two strong; occiput flat, mostly with pale yellow hairs, upper occiput with 1–2 rows of black hairs below row of postocular setulae. 1 st flagellomere 1.5–2 times as long as wide, 1.2–1.5 times as long as pedicel, pedicel with a strong seta which is about as long as antenna; arista including plumosity 2–2.5 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere, at most thickened on basal 1/4; palpus stick-like, about as long as antenna; prementum 6–8 times as long as wide; labella small.</p><p>Thorax black, only covered with grayish-white pruinosity; dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae, the pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae 3–5 times as wide as narrow inner vitta; scutellum dark brown, at most apex reddish-yellow, covered with grayish-white to grayish-yellow pruinosity. Prosternum and proepisternum bare; 3–4 postpronotal setae, the strongest three arranged in a triangle, 2–3 presutural and 2 postsutural acrostichal setae; usually 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postsutural intra-alar setae, anterior one smaller; 2 supra-alar setae; 3 katepisternal setae; anepimeron with a weak seta; katepimeron hairy. Scutellum with 3 pairs of marginal setae and a pair of discal setae, two crossed apical scutellar setae longer than scutellum, slightly longer than subapical scutellar seta, basal scutellar seta 1.4–1.7 times as long as scutellum. Wing hyaline, brownish, tegula black, basicosta dark brown; calypter yellowish white. Lower calypter with yellow long fringe on outer margin (or sometimes with black hairs along outer margin). Costal spine absent; 2nd costal sector usually bare ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 1:2.2:1; base of vein R 4+5 with 3–4 setulae ventrally, vein M at bend nearly right-angled, with an appendix which is shorter than crossvein r-m; vein M from dM-Cu crossvein to its bend about 1.2 times distance between bend and wing margin cell r 4+5 open at wing margin. Legs black except for reddish-brown median parts of tibiae, pulvilli yellow. Fore tibia with a row of anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws and pulvilli about equal to 4th and 5th tarsomeres combined; mid tibia with 1 strong anterodorsal, 2 posterior and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with a row of 5–6 (2 strong) anterodorsal, 4 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae, 1 preapical anteroventral and 2 preapical dorsal setae.</p><p>Abdomen long ovate, brownish-black, covered with yellowish-gray or grayish-white pruinosity; tergite 3 with a pair of triangular dark brown markings; tergite 4 with small dark triangular markings or without markings. Syntergite 1+2 excavated to posterior margin, with a pair of lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae; tergites with suberect short black hairs, tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 2 lateral marginal setae and usually 4 (sometimes 3 or 6) median discal setae; tergite 4 with 1–2 pairs of discal setae and a row of marginal setae; tergite 5 with rows of discal and marginal setae. Terminalia (Figs 4, 16, 28, 40). Sternite 5 wide quadrangular, posterior lobe wide, bluntly rounded at apex, V-shaped median cleft shallow and wide. Cerci separated, apical half narrow and pointed; surstylus long, slightly rounded and bluntly pointed at apex in caudal view; pregonite short and bent posteriorly; postgonite about as long as basiphallus; distiphallus long, plate-like, sclerotized basal part about 3 times as long as membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme less than 1/3 of length of aedeagal apodeme.</p><p>Female. As male, except as follows: frons wider than eye; gena 0.8–1.0 of eye height; 2 strong proclinate orbital setae and 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta; outer vertical seta about 1/2 as long as inner vertical seta. First flagellomere about 1.2 times as long as pedicel. Palpi sometimes reddish-brown. Three supra-alar setae; femora dark, sometimes reddish-brown; tibiae reddish-brown except for base dark; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; mid femur with 1 anterior seta. Abdomen ovate, tergites 3 and 4 each with a pair of median discal setae.</p><p>Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂: China: Yunnan prov., Shangri-la [in Chinese] / Napahai [in Chinese] 3200 / 2010.VIII.17 / Q.Wang coll. [in Chinese] [printed white label] // SNYU34144 [printed white label] // Holotype [printed red label] // Estheria ♂ / wangi sp. n. [handwritten] / C.-T. Zhang det. [in Chinese], 2015 / Zhang det., 2015 [printed] [white label] (SYNU) .</p><p>PARATYPES. China, Sichuan: 1 ♀, Kangding county, Laoyulin village–Mt. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.96&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.94" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.96/lat 29.94)">Zheduo</a>, 3132–3231 m, N29.94° E101.96°, 10.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang leg. (SYNU) ; 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Kangding, Mt. Zheduo–Mt. Paoma, 2100–3800 m, 16.VIII.2018, C.-T. Zhang &amp; Y.-Z. Zhang leg. (SYNU) . Xizang (= Tibet): 1 ♂, Rikaze, Yadong county, 2800–3000 m, VI.1992, T.-Y. Guo leg. (CAU) ; 2 ♂♂, same as previous except 19–21.VIII.2014, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Milin county, Paizhen, 3000 m, 7.VIII.2003, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Médog, Duoxiongla Mountains, 3600–4200 m, 8.VIII.2003, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♀♀, Linzi, Linzi Town, 3300–3400 m, 11.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 10 ♂♂, Milin, Nanyigou, 2950–3100 m, 16.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 8 ♀♀, Milin, Xuekagou, 2850–2900 m, 17.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 3 ♂♂, Linzhi, Gongbujiangda, 3200–3500 m, 16–17.VIII.2013, P. Hou leg. (SYNU) . Yunnan: 7 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same data as holotype (SYNU) . Pakistan: 1 ♀, NW Front. Prov., near Kawai- Dasu, 1200 m, 22.VII.1987, H. Kurahashi (BLKU) .</p><p>Etymology. This species is dedicated to Prof. Ming-fu Wang of Shenayng Normal University, for his contributions to the Dipterology of China.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Pakistan.</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to E. magna (Baranov) in appearance, but differs by its smaller size, longer prementum, 1 st flagellomere and palpi dark brown, 2 supra-alar setae in male, abdominal tergites 3 and 4 usually with two pairs of median discal setae in the male and one pair in female.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFCAC8746C86D80D53E68287	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFC8C8736C86DC88511E833F.text	03F4DC05FFC8C8736C86DC88511E833F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria acuta (Portschinsky 1881)	<div><p>Estheria acuta (Portschinsky, 1881)</p><p>(Figs 5, 17, 29, 41, 57, 83, 96, 111)</p><p>Syntomocera acuta Portschinsky, 1881: 141 . Type locality: Akstafa (Azerbaijan). Holotype ♂ (?ZIN) not examined. References: Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 363; Palearctic catalog); Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012: 272, 284; species and key).</p><p>Diagnosis. Frons of male 1/9–1/10 of head width; three strongest postpronotal setae arranged in a triangle; 4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; male abdomen usually more or less red-brown in ground colour, female abdomen predominantly red-yellow.</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 10.5–11.5 mm.</p><p>Head covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, frontal vitta dark brown, gena and lunule reddish-brown; antenna reddish-yellow except for 1 st flagellomere dark. Frons 0.1–0.11 of head width in male, 1.35–1.60 of head width in female, distinctly narrower than fronto-orbital plate; parafacial about 2.5 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere; facial carina low and indistinct; genal height about 2/3 of eye height; lower facial margin not or only slightly protruding; upper occiput with 1–2 rows of black hairs below postocular setae; 10 frontal setae; ocellar seta strong, longer than frontal seta; inner vertical setae crossed, about 0.6 of eye height or less, outer vertical seta indistinct; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by more than antennal length, 1 st flagellomere 1.2–1.3 times as long as pedicel; pedicel with a strong seta, about as long as arista; arista plumose, aristal hairs 0.8–1.3 times as long as width of 1 st flagellomere; palpus slender, about as long as prementum; prementum 4–5 times as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax with yellowish-gray pruinosity, with 4 dark longitudinal vittae on dorsum, inner vitta on presutural scutum about 1/3 width of pruinose area between inner and outer vittae; postpronotal lobe reddish-brown; scutellum reddish-brown except dark base. Postpronotal lobe with 4–6 setae, the three strongest nearly arranged in a triangle; 2 presutural and 2 to 3 postsutural acrostichal setae, 4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 3 postsutural intra-alar setae; 4–5 supra-alar setae, the first one short; proepisternum and prosternum bare, prosternum about 2.5 times as long as wide; 5 pairs of marginal scutellar setae, 2–3 pairs of discal scutellar setae, apical scutellar setae crossed and strong, as long as scutellum, subapical setae reaching apex of apical setae, prebasal and lateral setae slightly shorter than apical setae; 3 katepisternal setae, 1 anepimeral seta. Wing hyaline, brownish, brown-clouded along crossveins r-m and dM-Cu; tegula and basicosta dark brown, at most brown; halter yellow except dark brown apex; calypters milk white, yellowish white on outer margin; lower calypter with short hairs on outer margin. Relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sections approximately 3:7:4; costal spine as long as crossvein r-m; radial node with setulae dorsally and ventrally; cell r 4+5 closed at wing margin, bend of vein M nearly right-angled, with an appendix which is shorter than crossvein r-m. Legs dark brown except tibiae reddishyellow in middle part. Fore tibia with a row of short anterodorsal setae on upper 2/3 and 2 posterior setae; fore claws and pulvilli as long as or longer than 5th tarsomere; mid femur with 3–5 anterior setae, mid tibia with 3 strong anterodorsal, 1 posterodorsal, 2 posterior and 2 ventral setae (upper one short, lower one strong); hind tibia with 4 anterodorsal, 4 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae, 2 preapical dorsal and 1 preapical anteroventral setae, posteroventral seta short.</p><p>Abdomen long-ovate, reddish-brown in ground colour; tergites entirely covered with dense grayish-white to grayish-yellow pruinosity. Syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, without median marginal setae, with 1 lateral marginal seta and 3–4 lateral discal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–2 lateral marginal setae and 1 lateral discal seta; tergite 4 with 2 median discal setae, a row of marginal setae and 1–2 lateral discal setae; tergite 5 with rows marginal and discal setae. Male terminalia as in Figs 5, 17, 29, 41).</p><p>Material examined. China, Shanxi: 3 ♂♂, Hunyuan, Hunyuan Forestry Center, 13.VII.1985, M.- F. Wang leg. (SYNU) .</p><p>Distribution. Azerbaijan, China *, Hungary, Romania, Turkey.</p><p>Remarks. We did not examine the holotype specimens of E. acuta, but identified it using the key of Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012). This species appears to be similar to E. microcera (Robineau-Desvoidy), but differs in having a wider frons, shorter prementum, 4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae, and reddish-yellow abdomen in ground colour.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFC8C8736C86DC88511E833F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFCFC8736C86DC8E50EF8135.text	03F4DC05FFCFC8736C86DC8E50EF8135.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria alticola Mesnil 1967	<div><p>Estheria alticola Mesnil, 1967</p><p>Estheria alticola Mesnil, 1967: 55 . Type locality: Hissar Mts nr Dushanbe (Tajikstan). Holotype ♂ and two female paratypes (ZIN) not examined. References: Herting (1984: 142; Palearctic catalog); Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 363; Palearctic catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. From the original description. Frons of male less than 1/10 of head width; prementum 6 times as long as wide; three strongest postpronotal setae nearly arranged in a triangle; 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; lower calypter with short hairs; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta.</p><p>Distribution. Tajikstan.</p><p>Remarks. This species appears to be similar to E. cristata (Meigen), but differs from the latter by arista long plumose, three strongest postpronotal setae nearly arranged in a triangle, and mid tibia only with 1 anterodorsal seta.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFCFC8736C86DC8E50EF8135	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFCFC8736C86DE8452CE8729.text	03F4DC05FFCFC8736C86DE8452CE8729.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria bucharensis (Kolomiets 1974)	<div><p>Estheria bucharensis (Kolomiets, 1974)</p><p>Dolichodexia bucharensis Kolomiets, 1974: 100 . Type locality: Uzbekstan (Katyrchi, Bukhara). Holotype ♂ and one female paratype (ZIN), not examined. References: Herting (1984: 142; Palearctic catalog); Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 363; Palearctic catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. From the original description. Frons of male about 1/3 of eye width; 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; fore claws and pulvilli about as long as 5th tarsomere; abdomen reddish yellow. Body length: 10 mm in male, 8.5 mm in female.</p><p>Distribution. Uzbekistan.</p><p>Remarks. This species is close to E. pallicornis (Loew), but differs in having wider frons in male, postprontal lobe reddish-yellow, genal dilation, pleurae, coxae, trochanters, femora and ventral surface of abdominal tergites 1+2 and 3 with black hairs, abdomen reddish-yellow.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFCFC8736C86DE8452CE8729	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFCFC8736C86D8B3524B853A.text	03F4DC05FFCFC8736C86D8B3524B853A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria cinerella Mesnil 1967	<div><p>Estheria cinerella Mesnil, 1967</p><p>Estheria cinerella Mesnil, 1967: 55 . Tajikstan (Type locality: Dushanbe). Holotype ♂ (ZIN) not examined. References: Herting (1984: 142; catalog); Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 363; Palearctic catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. From the original description. Thoracic scutum of this species with 4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; veins R 4+5 and M merged to form a petiole which is longer than crossvein r-m; abdominal tergites 3 and 4 respectively with 4 and 2 median discal setae. Body length 8.0 mm.</p><p>Distribution. Tajikstan.</p><p>Remarks. This species appears to be similar to E. cristata (Meigen), but differs in having a short first flagellomere, 4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae, three strongest postpronotal setae nearly arranged in a triangle, and cell r 4+5 with a long petiole.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFCFC8736C86D8B3524B853A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFCFC8726C86DA8A525B8596.text	03F4DC05FFCFC8726C86DA8A525B8596.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria cristata (Meigen 1826)	<div><p>Estheria cristata (Meigen, 1826)</p><p>(Figs 6, 18, 30, 42, 58, 69, 84, 97, 112)</p><p>Dexia cristata Meigen, 1826: 41 . Type locality: Germany (Stolberg). Lectotype ♂ and one female paralectotype (MNHN) not examined. References: Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 363; Palearctic catalog); Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012: 272, 284; species, key); Zhang et al. (2013: 139; checklist).</p><p>Estheria imperatoriae Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 306 . Type locality: St.-Sauveur (France).</p><p>Estheria floralis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 306 . Type locality: St.-Sauveur (France).</p><p>Sarcophaga edax Walker, 1849: 832 . Type locality: France.</p><p>Diagnosis. Frons of male about 1/7 of head width; facial carina indistinct; prementum 5–6 times as long as wide. Three strongest postpronotal setae arranged in a straight line; 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; wing cell r 4+5 with a petiole at most 0.20 times as long as postangular section of M; costal spine about as long as crossvein r-m.</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 9.0– 10.5 mm.</p><p>Male. Head covered with yellowish-white pruinosity (fronto-orbital plate, parafacial, face gena and occiput); frontal vitta dark brown; lunule reddish-brown; 1 st flagellomere, pedicel and palpus reddish-yellow. Frons about 1/ 7 of head width; parafacial about 3 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere; genal height 0.6–0.7 of eye height; facial carina indistinct or weakly developed; occiput usually with two rows of black setulae below postocellar seta row. First flagellomere about 2.2 times as long as pedicel; arista plumose, aristal hairs about as long as width of 1 st flagellomere; prementum 5–6 times as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax black, covered with yellowish gray-white pruinosity, with 5 longitudinal dark vittae on presutural scutum and 4 vittae on anterior half of postsutural scutum; scutellum reddish-brown at least apically; 5–6 postpronotal setae, the strongest three arranged in a straight line; 2 presutural and 2 postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 3 postsutural intra-alar setae; 3 supra-alar setae, the first one short; 3 katepisternal setae; scutellum with 3 pairs of marginal setae and a pair of discal setae. Wing hyaline, brownish; calypter milk-white, margin yellowish, lower calypter with short fringes on outer margin. Costal spine about as long as crossvein r-m, relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sections approximately 1.1:2.3:1, radial node with 2–3 setulae dorsally and ventrally; cell r 4+5 closed near apex, with a petiole slightly shorter than crossvein r-m. Legs dark except for middle part of tibiae reddish-yellow. Fore tibia with 4 anterodorsal and 2 posterior setae; Fore claws and pulvilli longer than 5th tarsomere; mid femur with 4 strong anterior setae, mid tibia with 3 anterodorsal (upper two shorter), 2 posterior and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 1 upper (short) and 2 lower (long) anterodorsal setae, 1 upper (short) and 2 lower (long) posterior setae and 1 ventral seta, 2 apical dorsal setae, 1 long apical anteroventral and 1 short apical posteroventral setae.</p><p>Abdomen long-ovate, black, covered with dense and entirely grayish-white pruinosity on tergites; syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, without median marginal setae, with 1 lateral marginal seta and 2 lateral discal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1 lateral marginal seta and 2 median discal setae; tergite 4 with 2 median discal setae and a row of marginal setae, tergite 5 with rows of marginal and discal setae. Sternite 1 with black hairs. Male terminalia as in Figs 6, 18, 30, 42.</p><p>Female. As male, except as follows: head covered with grayish-yellow pruinosity. Frons narrowed posteriorly, about 3/5 of head width at narrowest point; parafacial about 4 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere; gena about 3/4 of eye height; three proclinate outer orbital setae, 1 prevertical seta; ocellar seta strong, about as long as upper frontal setae; inner vertical seta about twice as long as outer vertical seta; occiput with 2 black setae below postocellar setae; 1 st flagellomere about twice as long as pedicel. Fore claws pulvilli and shorter than 5th tarsomere. Abdomen ovate, tergite 5 with a pair of discal setae and 1–2 weak lateral discal setae.</p><p>Material examined. China, Inner Mongolia: 1 ♀, Dong Ujimqin Qi, Wulagai, 22.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) . Xinjiang: 1 ♂, Jitai, Shuiding, 460–480 m, 12.VII.1957, C.-P. Hong leg. (IZCAS) . Xizang (= Tibet): 1 ♂, Milin, Songlinkou, 3760 m, 6.VIII.2015, H.-B. Liang leg. (IZCAS) . Germany: 1 ♂, Bayer, Wald au Teisnach, 22.VII.1954, [no collector], (ZMHB; det. J. Ziegler) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Baden-Württemberg, Willingen, 7.VII.1997, H.-P. Tschorsnig leg. (SMNS; det. H.-P. Tschorsnig) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Xizang), Europe (northwards to England and Germany, Transcaucasus).</p><p>Hosts. Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae ( Phyllopertha horticola) (Ziegler &amp; Tschorsnig 2016: 346).</p><p>Remarks. We have examined identified specimens from Europe and confirm that our specimens are conspecific with these. This species appears to be similar to E. acuta (Portschinsky), but differs in having longer prementum, 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae, wing cell r 4+5 closed, with a petiole, wing not brownclouded around crossveins r-m and dM-Cu.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFCFC8726C86DA8A525B8596	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFCDC8706C86DD8D51388287.text	03F4DC05FFCDC8706C86DD8D51388287.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria decolor (Pandelle 1896)	<div><p>Estheria decolor (Pandellé, 1896)</p><p>(Figs 7, 19, 31, 43, 59, 85, 98, 113)</p><p>Dexia (Dexiomorpha) decolor Pandellé, 1896: 153 . Type locality: Hyères, Var (France). Holotype ♀ (MNHN) not examined. References: Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 363; Palearctic catalog, as synonym of E. picta); Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012: 273, 285; as a valid species).</p><p>Diagnosis. Frons of male 1/9–1/7 of head width; parafacial with setulae; 1 st flagellomere yellow, rarely light brown; 4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; lateral presutural black vitta sharply outlined, wedgeshaped, reaching level of medial posthumeral seta anteriorly; 2 katepisternal setae; scutellum entirely yellow, with 4 pairs of marginal scutellar setae; wing brownish around crossvein r-m; abdomen reddish-yellow, with a narrow black mid-dorsal vitta; tergites 3 and 4 each with two pairs of median discal setae.</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 11.0– 11.5 mm.</p><p>Male. Head. Frontal vitta black; fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and occiput covered with grayish-white pruinosity; lunule reddish-brown; 1 st flagellomere reddish-yellow except apex dark; palpus reddish-yellow. Frons 1/9–1/7 of head width; fronto-orbital plate and parafacial hairy; facial carina narrow; genal height about 0.8 of eye height; occiput usually with a row of black setulae below postocellar row; 1 st flagellomere about 1.2 times as long as pedicel; arista plumose, aristal hairs about as long as width of 1 st flagellomere; prementum 3.0–3.5 times as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax covered with grayish-white pruinosity on dorsum and pleura, with 4 dark longitudinal vittae on dorsum, postpronotum at least partly reddish-yellow. Lateral presutural black vitta sharply outlined, wedge-shaped, reaching level of medial posthumeral seta anteriorly; two median presutural vittae narrow, separated by a distance 5 times the width of a vitta (posterior view); dorsum with 4–6 postpronotal setae, the three strongest nearly arranged in a triangle, 3 presutural and 3–4 postsutural acrostichal setae, 4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 3 postsutural intra-alar setae, 3 supra-alar setae, the first one short; scutellum with 4 pairs of marginal setae and 2 pairs of discal setae; 2 katepisternal setae, 1 anepimeral seta. Wing hyaline, brownish, yellow at base; tegula dark brown, basicosta reddish-yellow; crossvein r-m brownish-clouded; lower calypter yellowish-white, yellowish on margin, with short fringe on outer margin. Costal spine shorter than crossvein r-m, relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 1.2:2.4:1; radial node with 4–5 setulae dorsally and ventrally; cell r 4+5 closed at wing margin, vein M with appendage at bend. Legs dark except trochanters and middle part of tibiae reddishyellow. Fore tibia with a row of anterodorsal setae on upper 2/3 and 2 posterior setae; fore claws and pulvilli longer than 5th tarsomere; mid femur with 3 strong anterior setae, mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2 posterior and 2 ventral setae; hind tibia with 4 anterodorsal, 3–4 posterodorsal and 3 ventral setae, 2 apical dorsal setae, 1 apical anteroventral seta.</p><p>Abdomen ovate, reddish-yellow, with thick grayish-white pruinosity entirely covering tergites. Syntergite 1+2 excavated to posterior margin, with 1 lateral marginal seta and 3–4 lateral discal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1 lateral marginal seta and 2 pairs of median discal setae; lateral discal seta absent; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae, 2 pairs of median discal setae, without lateral discal setae; tergite 5 with rows of discal and marginal setae and some irregular discal setae. Male terminalia as in Figs 7, 19, 31, 43.</p><p>Female. As male, except as follows: frons about 0.45 of head width; genal height 0.85–0.9 of eye height; 2–3 proclinate orbital setae; upper prevertical seta and ocellar seta stronger than upper frontal setae; outer vertical seta about 0.6 times as long as inner vertical seta. First flagellomere slightly longer than pedicel; prementum about 3 times as long as wide. Fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere. Abdomen ovate, tergites 3 and 4 each with a pair of median discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of discal setae.</p><p>Material examined. China, Inner Mongolia: 1 ♂ (IOZE1689762), Tumuertai, 5–31.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Dongsheng, 11.IX.2006, M. Su leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Xilinguole Prefecture, Maodeng pasture, 12–26.VII.2015, A.-P. Liu leg. (IGRCAAS) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Wulanchabu, Siziwang Qi, Qianmen, 1–15.VIII.2015, A.- P. Liu leg. (IGRCAAS) ; 1 ♂, Baiyinxile pasture, Jiuliu experimental field, 13.VII.2016, K.-L. Lu leg. (IMU) ; 1 ♂, Hohhot, Wuchuan, Daqingshan, Shierdeng Village, 21.VII.2017, J. Gao leg. (IMAU) . Spain: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Salamanca prov., Villar de la Yegua, 9.VII.1990, H.-P. Tschorsnig leg. (SMNS; det. H.-P. Tschorsnig) .</p><p>Distribution. China *, France, Spain.</p><p>Remarks. We identified this species by comparing European and Chinese specimens and using the key in Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012). It appears to be very similar to E. picta (Meigen), but differs in having narrower frons in male, lateral presutural black vitta sharply outlined, wedge-shaped, reaching to level of medial posthumeral seta anteriorly, inner presutural black vitta narrow, about 1/5 width of pruinose area between inner and outer vittae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFCDC8706C86DD8D51388287	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFCCC86F6C86DC5651FE801F.text	03F4DC05FFCCC86F6C86DC5651FE801F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria flavipennis Herting 1968	<div><p>Estheria flavipennis Herting, 1968</p><p>(Figs. 8, 20, 32, 44, 60, 70, 86, 99, 114)</p><p>Estheria flavipennis Herting, 1968: 60 . Type locality: Mongolia, Hentiy Aimag [as “Chentej aimak”], 10 km south of Kerulen. Holotype ♂ (?HNHM) not examined. References: Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 364; Palearctic catalog); Zhang et al. (2013: 139; checklist).</p><p>Myiostoma rubtsovi Kolomiets, 1973: 60 . Type locality: Russia, East Siberia, Kyakhta, Buryat A.S.S.R.</p><p>Diagnosis. Frons of male about 1/15 of head width; palpi reddish-yellow; palpus reddish-yellow in both sexes; 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; wing yellowish except basal 1/3 yellow; tegula and basicosta reddish-yellow to brown; lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin; abdomen with densely gray pruinosity, without dark bands or markings.</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 9.0–12.0 mm.</p><p>Head black with yellowish gray-white pruinosity; frontal vitta and lunule brown; gena reddish-brown; antennae reddish-yellow except for dark brown apical 2/3 of 1 st flagellomere; arista brown; palpus reddish-yellow except for apex brown in male and entirely reddish-yellow in female. Frons about 1/15 of head width or as wide as 1 st flagellomere in male, and more than width of eye in female; frontal vitta as wide as fronto-orbital plate at narrowest point; fronto-orbital plate with short black hairs; parafacial 2.0–2.5 times as wide as first flagellomere; facial carina high, longer than antenna; gena 0.4–0.5 of eye height in male, 3/ 4 in female; lower margin of face slightly protruding forward. Inner vertical seta and outer vertical seta hair-like, orbital seta absent, ocellar seta longer than frontal seta, 9 inclinate frontal setae; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face, a row of subvibrissal setae below vibrissa; upper occiput without black hairs. Antenna slightly shorter than palpus, falling short of lower margin of face by more than antennal length, 1 st flagellomere about 1.5 times as long as pedicel; arista, including plumosity, 2–3 times as wide as first flagellomere; prementum slender, 6–7 times as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax black, gray pollinose, dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae extending back to anterior half of postsutural scutum, narrower inner vitta 1/3–1/4 width of pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae; scutellum reddish-brown at apex, with gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles brown-yellow, posterior lappet of posterior spiracles subcircular. Prosternum bare, about 2.5 times as long as wide, proepisternum bare, 4–5 postpronotal setae, 3 strongest arranged in a triangle; 2 presutural and 2 to 3 postsutural acrostichal setae, 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 3 (rarely 2) postsutural intra-alar setae; 3 supra-alar setae; 3 katepisternal setae; katepimeron hairy; scutellum with 3 pairs of strong marginal setae and a pair of discal setae, apical setae crossed. Wing yellowish except base and anterior portion yellow, hyaline; tegula and basicosta reddishyellow to brown; costal spine shorter than crossvein r-m; 2nd costal sector bare ventrally, relative length of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sections approximately 1:2.5:1; base of vein R 4+5 with setulae dorsally and ventrally; vein M nearly right-angled at bend, with a short appendage; section of vein M between crossveins r-m and dM-Cu 2.0–2.3 times as long as section between dM-Cu and bend; cell r 4+5 open. Halter yellow; calypter yellowish white, lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin. Legs dark brown except for reddish yellow tibiae and apices of femora; pulvilli yellowish, claws dark. Fore tibia with a row of 5–6 short anterodorsal setae and 2 posterior setae; fore claws and pulvilli slightly longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 2–3 (1 lower strong and 1–2 upper small) anterodorsal setae, 2 posterodorsal and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 3–4 anterodorsal, 3 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae, 2 preapical dorsal setae.</p><p>Abdomen black, long-ovate, with yellowish-gray to grayish-white pruinosity, without dark bands or markings on tergites; syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, with 1 lateral marginal seta, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1 lateral marginal seta and 2 median discal setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and 2 median discal setae, tergite 5 with a row of marginal setae and many discal setae. Sternite 1 with pale yellowish hairs. Male terminalia (Figs. 8, 20, 32, 44). Posterior lobe of sternite 5 wide and blunt, V-shaped median cleft wide and deep.</p><p>Material examined. China, Fujian: 1 ♀, Fuzhou, Mt. Gushan, 20.X.1974, F.-S. Li leg. (CAU) ; 4 ♀♀, Nanping, Lantang, 250–360 m, 18.IV.2015, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU) . Inner Mongolia: 5 ♂♂, Xi Ujimqin Qi, Hardwood, 1.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♀, Dong Ujimqin Qi, Wulagai, 22.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) . Liaoning: 1 ♂, Kuandian, Baishilazi, 400–700 m, 18–20.VIII.2007, Z.-Y. Yao leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Kuandian, 15.VII.2008, C. Gao leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Benxi, Mt Tiecha, 10.IX.1980, W.-Q. Xue leg. (SYNU) ; 3 ♀♀, Huanren, Laotudingzi Mountains, 1100–1330 m, 14.VIII.2006, 26.VIII.2009, C.-T. Zhang, Z. Zhao &amp; H.-C. Liang leg.(SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Benxi, Mt. Guanmen to Tanggou, 300–600 m, 14–18.VIII.2011, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li. leg. (SYNU) . Shanxi: 1 ♀, Yuanqu, Lishan Mountain, 30.V.2000, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) . Yunnan: 2 ♂♂, Deqin, Meili Snow Mountains, East slope, 3180–3250 m, 25.VIII.1982, X.-Z. Zhang &amp; H.-C. Chai leg. (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Fujian, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Shanxi, Yunnan), Mongolia, Russia (E. Siberia).</p><p>Remarks. We did not examine the holotype of this species and recognized it from the description of Herting (1968). It is similar to E. magna (Baranov), but differs in having reddish-yellow palpi, wing yellow at base and in anterior portion, abdominal tergites covered with densely yellowish-gray or grayish-white pruinosity, without dark brown markings on tergite 3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFCCC86F6C86DC5651FE801F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFD3C86F6C86DFAE51BB8630.text	03F4DC05FFD3C86F6C86DFAE51BB8630.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria lacteipennis Mesnil 1967	<div><p>Estheria lacteipennis Mesnil, 1967</p><p>Estheria lacteipennis Mesnil, 1967: 56 . Type locality: Tajikstan (Der’e Kul’, r. Vakhsh). Holotype ♂ (ZIN) not examined. References: Herting (1984: 142; Palearctic catalog); Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 364; Palearctic catalog).</p><p>Diagnosis. From the original description. Body length 8.5 mm. Thorax with 3–4 presutural and 3–4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; crossveins r-m and dM-Cu dark brown clouded; cell r 4+5 closed, with a short petiole; mid tibia with 1 anterodorsal seta.</p><p>Distribution. Tajikstan (Type locality).</p><p>Remarks. This species appears to be similar to E. cinerella Mesnil, but differs in frontal vitta as wide as fronto-orbital plate, gena broad, prementum short, 3–4 presutural and 3–4 postsutural dorsocentral setae, and cell r 4+5 with a short petiole.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFD3C86F6C86DFAE51BB8630	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFD3C86E6C86D9BF50D78141.text	03F4DC05FFD3C86E6C86D9BF50D78141.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria maculipennis Herting 1968	<div><p>Estheria maculipennis Herting, 1968</p><p>(Figs 9, 21, 33, 45, 61, 87, 100, 115)</p><p>Estheria maculipennis Herting, 1968, 11: 61. Type locality: Mongolia, Hentiy Aimag [as “Chentej aimak”], Čandagan tal, Chentej aimak. Holotype ♂ (HNHM) not examined. References: Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 364; Palearctic catalog); Zhang et al. (2013: 139; as “ E. alticola ”, misidentification).</p><p>Diagnosis. Prementum 6–7 times as long as wide, 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae, postpronum and scutellum reddish-yellow at least apically, wing brown to dark clouded along crossvein r-m, tegula dark brown, basicosta brown, lower calypter with short fringe on outer margin, tergites 3 and 4 each with a pair of laterodiscal setae.</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 8.0–12.0 mm.</p><p>Head. Pedicel, base of 1 st flagellomere and palpus reddish-yellow. Frons 1/5–1/6 as wide as eye in male, 1.5 times as wide as eye in female; width of parafacial at antennal base about 1/2 of eye width in male and 3/ 4 in female; genal height about 1/2–3/5 of eye height in male and 4/ 5 in female. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by more than 1 st flagellomere length; 1 st flagellomere 1.2–1.5 times as long as pedicel; arista plumose, aristal hairs about as long as width 1 st flagellomere; prementum 6–7 times as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax black in ground colour, with yellowish-gray or brownish pruinosity; postpronum and apex of scutellum reddish-yellow or yellow, dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae, inner vitta about 1/4 width of pruinose area between inner and outer vittae in male, narrower in female. Postpronotom with 3 setae arranged in a triangle and 1–2 weak inner setae; 2 presutural and 2 postsutural acrostichal setae, 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 3 postsutural intra-alar setae; prealar setae weak; 3 katepisternal setae; scutellum with 3 pairs of strong marginal setae, apical scutellar setae crossed. Wing brown to dark clouded along crossvein r-m, portion beyond dM-Cu brownish. Tegula dark brown, basicosta and halter brown; calypters whitish, lower calypter with short fringe on outer margin. Costal spine weak, as long as crossvein r-m, relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 1:2:1; base of R 4+5 with setulae dorsally and ventrally; section of M between crossveins r-m and dM-Cu about twice as long as section between dM-Cu and bend; vein M from dM-Cu crossvein to bend about as long as distance between bend and wing margin; M at bend with an appendage shorter than crossvein r-m; wing cell r 4+5 closed at margin or with a petiole at most 0.20 times as long as postangular section of M. Legs with all tibiae and ventral apices of femora reddish-yellow or yellow, femora brown to dark in male and entirely reddishyellow in female. Fore tibia with a row of anterodorsal setae and 2 posterior setae; mid femur with 3–4 anterior setae, mid tibia with 3 anterodorsal, 3 posterodorsal and 2 ventral setae; hind tibia with 3 anterodorsal, 5 posterodorsal and 3 ventral setae, 2 preapical dorsal setae. Male claws and pulvilli longer than 5th tarsomere.</p><p>Abdomen dark brown in ground colour in male, wholly covered with pruinosity, with irregular markings. Syntergite 1+2 excavated to posterior margin, without median marginal setae, with 1 lateral marginal seta, 2–3 lateral discal setae; tergites 3 and 4 each with 2 median discal setae and a pair of lateral discal setae. Male terminalia as in Figs 9, 21, 33, 45.</p><p>Material examined. China, Inner Mongolia: 3 ♂♂, Wulagai, Dong Ujimqin Qi, 22.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia), Mongolia, Russia (E Siberia).</p><p>Remarks. We identified this species based on Herting’s (1968) original description. It is similar to E. acuta (Portschinsky), but differs in having narrower frons, longer prementum, and abdomen dark brown in ground colour in male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFD3C86E6C86D9BF50D78141	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFD2C86B6C86DE8B557C864A.text	03F4DC05FFD2C86B6C86DE8B557C864A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria magna (Baranov 1935)	<div><p>Estheria magna (Baranov, 1935)</p><p>(Figs 10, 22, 34, 46, 62, 71, 82, 88, 101, 116)</p><p>Myiostoma magna Baranov, 1935: 557 . Type locality: Japan, Hokkaidō, Sapporo. Holotype ♀ (USNM) examined. References: Kolomiets (1973: 85; key); Kolomiets (1974: 138; notes); Crosskey (1976: 180; Oriental catalog); Richter &amp; Farinets (1984: 161; first instar larva); Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 364; Palearctic catalog); Zhang et al. (2013: 139; checklist).</p><p>Diagnosis. Prementum 4–5 times as long as wide; palpi dark brown in male and dark except for reddish-brown apex in female; 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; scutellum reddish-yellow in apical half; lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin; male legs black except for reddish-yellow median portion of tibiae and apices of femora; female legs reddish-yellow except for base of tibiae dark; abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of large dark brown markings in male, absent in female.</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 9.7–13.3 mm.</p><p>Male. Head with gray pruinosity, frontal vitta dark brown, lunule brown, gena reddish-brown, with thin pruinosity; first flagellomere black, base of pedicel and scape reddish-brown, arista brown; palpi dark brown, prementum gleaming black. Frons about 1/15 of head width, widened anteriorly; frontal vitta linear at narrowest point; fronto-orbital plate with black hairs, parafacialia bare, 3–4 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere; facial carina developed and flattened in lateral view; gena about 0.44 of eye height; lower margin of face not protruding forward. Inner vertical seta slender, hair-like; outer vertical seta hair-like, about as long as postocular setae; 10–12 inclinate frontal setae; orbital seta absent; ocellar setae stronger than frontal setae; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face; upper occiput without black hairs below postocular setae. Antenna shorter than palpus and falling short of lower margin of face by more than antennal length; 1 st flagellomere about 1.5 times as long as pedicel; arista, including plumosity, more than twice as wide as first flagellomere; prementum 4–5 times as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax black, covered with gray pruinosity; dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae extending back to anterior half of postsutural scutum, narrower inner vitta about 1/4 width ofpruinose portion between inner and outer vittae; scutellum reddish-yellow except for dark base; pleura covered with gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles brown. Prosternum bare, about 3 times as long as wide; proepisternum bare; postpronotal lobe with 5 setae, 3 of which arranged nearly in a triangle; 2 presutural and 2–3 postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 2 postsutural intra-alar setae; 3–4 supra-alar setae; 3 katepisternal setae. Wing brownish, hyaline, veins brown; tegula and basicosta dark brown; halters yellow; lower calypter yellowish, with long fringe on outer margin. Costal spine absent; second costal sector bare ventrally; relative lengths of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 1.2:2.6:1; vein M at bend nearly right-angled, with an appendage shorter than crossvein r-m; vein M from crossvein dM-Cu to bend about as long as distance between bend and wing margin; cell r 4+5 open. Legs black except for reddish-yellow median portion of tibiae and apices of femora, pulvilli yellowish; fore tibia with a row of short anterodorsal setae on basal 2/3 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws and pulvilli slightly longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal, 2–4 posterodorsal and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 2–3 anteroventral, 4–5 anterodorsal and 4–5 posterodorsal setae on basal 3/5, 2 apical dorsal and 1 apical anteroventral setae.</p><p>Abdomen ovate, reddish-brown except for dark median vitta, densely covered with grayish-white pruinosity, with dense and long black hairs on tergites and a pair of large brown spots on tergite 3; tergite 4 with or without a pair of small brown spots. Syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, with 2 lateral marginal setae, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–2 lateral marginal setae and usually 2 median discal setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and 2 discal setae, tergite 5 with rows of marginal and discal setae. Sternite 1 hairy. Male terminalia (Figs. 10, 22, 34, 46). Sternite 5 wide, posterior lobe short and blunt, rounded apically, V-shaped median cleft wide and deep. Apical half of cerci narrow and pointed, short in caudal view, and bent backward in apical 1/3; surstylus wide and slightly blunt at apex; pregonite short, bent apically; postgonite about as long as basiphallus; distiphallus long, plate-like, with some spinules on ventral surface, sclerotized basal part longer than membranous apical part; ejaculatory apodeme large.</p><p>Female. As male, except as follows: palpus dark except for reddish-brown apex. Frons more than 1/3 of head width; frontal vitta about as wide as fronto-orbital plate at middle; parafacial about 4 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere and gena 0.6–0.7 of eye height; 7–8 inclinate frontal setae, 2 proclinate orbital setae, 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta; arista, including plumosity, 3–4 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere . Veins of wing yellow; second costal sector bare or hairy ventrally; legs reddish-yellow except for base of tibiae dark; fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; lowest anterodorsal seta of fore tibia distinct, strong. Abdomen black, ovate, densely covered with gray pruinosity, without brown spots.</p><p>Type material examined. Holotype ♀: Japan, Hokkaido, Sapporo, 7.?.1923, S. Takano leg. (NMNH).</p><p>Other material examined. China, Gansu: 1 ♂, Lanzhou, Yuzhong, Mt. Xinglong, 2100–2300 m, 19.VII.2009, Y.-Y. Zhou leg. (SYNU) . Guangdong: 6 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Lechang, Jiufeng, 28.X.1983, Z.-K. Liang leg. (SYNU) . Guangxi: 1 ♂, Defu, Napo, 1300 m, 16.VIII.1998, T.-L. He leg. (SYNU) . Guizhou: 1 ♀, Tongren, Fanjing Mountains, 1288 m, 10.IX.1998, Y.-S. Cui &amp; H.-W. Chen leg. (SYNU) . Henan: 1 ♀, Lushi, 28.VI.2008, M.-L. Sheng leg. (SYNU) ; 4 ♂♂, Jiyuan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.01&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.03" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.01/lat 35.03)">Huangjianshu Forest</a> Center, 800–960 m, N35.03° E112.01°, 25–29.V.2016, H.- N. Li &amp; H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) . Inner Mongolia: 1 ♂, Xi Ujimqin Qi, 1.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) . Jilin: 4 ♂♂, Jian, 12.VIII.1983, X.-L. Jing leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♀, Antu, Changbai Mountains, 1.VIII.1981, W.-Q. Xue leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, same as previous except date, 22.VIII.1985, J.-M. Yang leg. (SYNU); 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, same as previous except 20.VIII.2010, C. Fu &amp; Y.-Y. Zhou leg. (SYNU); 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀, same as previous except 1–19.VIII.2011, B.-Z. Ren leg. (NEU); 1 ♀, S Changbai Mountains, 900–1750 m, 11.VIII.2004, C.-T. Zhang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Wangqing county, Daxinggou, 2.IX.2005, M.-L. Sheng leg. (SYNU) . Liaoning: 18 ♂♂, 112 ♀♀, Kuandian, Baishilazi Nature Reserve, 400–700 m, 18–20.VIII.2007, C.-T. Zhang, Z.-P. Ge, Zh.-Y. Yao, J. Hao, Y. Zhi &amp; Y.-Q. Ni leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Fengcheng, Mt. Fenghuang, 100–240 m, 22.VIII.2007, C.-T. Zhang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Benxi, Mt. Guanmen, 300–600 m, 14.VIII.2011, C.-T. Zhang leg. (SYNU) ; 3 ♂♂, Qingyuan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.92&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=41.83" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.92/lat 41.83)">Huangdaigou</a>, 500–700 m, N 41.83° E124.92°, 5.VIII.2016, C-T. Zhang, H.-C. Liang &amp; Q. Sun leg. (SYNU) ; 11 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Xinbin, Gang Mountains, 600–1300 m, 2–4.VIII.2016 and 17–18.VIII.2016, C.-T. Zhang &amp; H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) . Ningxia: 1 ♂, Liupan Mountains, 1.IX.2006, J.-Y. Liu leg. (SYNU) . Qinghai: 1 ♂, Xunhua, Mengda, Tianchi, 2100–2400 m, 28.VII.2009, Y.-Y. Zhou leg. (SYNU) . Shaanxi: 2 ♂♂, Foping, Qinling Mountains, Donghetai, 1300–1440 m, 10–11.VIII.1973, X.-Z. Zhang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Ningshaan, Jiwozhi, 1800 m, 16.VIII.1973, [collector unknown], (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Changan, Nanwangtai, 19.VIII.1973, X.-Z. Zhang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Qinling Mountains, Mt. Tiantai, 3–4.IX.1999, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) . Sichuan: 1 ♂, Lixian, 1800 m, 4.VI.1963, X.-Z. Zhang leg. (IZCAS) ; 3 ♂♂, JiuzhaiGou, Xueshangou, 3400 m, 31.VII.1993, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Jiuzhaigou, Tazhan, 2200 m, 1.VIII.1993, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Nanping, Erdaogou vil., 1690 m, 2.VIII.1993, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Tianquan Xian, Dayuxi, 1200 m, 31.VIII.1993, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Luding, Erlang Mountains, 1900–2930 m, 3.VII.2006, J.-Y. Liu leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Daocheng, Kasi, 2750–3000 m, 12.VII.2006, C.-T. Zhang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Luding, Moxi, Nanmenguan village–suburb, 1920–2161 m, 9.VIII.2017, H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) ; 6 ♂♂, 13 ♀♀, Danba county, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=101.69&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=30.61" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 101.69/lat 30.61)">Maoniugu</a>, 2888 m, N30.61° E101.69°, 11.VIII.2017, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li &amp; H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Xiaojin county, Siguniang Mountains, Shuangqiao Gou, 2850–3700 m, 16.VIII.2017, H.-C. Liang leg. (SYNU) . Taiwan: 1 ♂, Lo Fou Shan, 3520 feet, 1906, F. Muir leg. (BPBM) ; 2 ♂♂, Alishan, 2400 m, 3–9.VII.1972, T.C. Maa leg. (BPBM) ; 3 ♀♀, Alishan, Chiai Hsien, 2–3.X.1965, K. Kaneko leg. (BPBM) ; 1 ♀, Chiai Hsien, Mt. Yuishan, Tatachiaanpu, 7.VII.1985, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 3 ♂♂, Ali-shan, Chun-shan, Chiai Hsien, 9.VII.1985, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 11 ♂♂, Ali-shan, 2400 m, Chia Hsien, 9–10.VIII.1985, S. Shinonaga leg. (BLKU) ; 3 ♀♀, Huanshan, Chichiawanchi, Taichung Hsien, 6.XI.1985, K. Kanmiya leg. (BLKU) . Xizang (= Tibet): 1 ♂, Zhangmu, 2200 m, 23.VI.1975, X.-Z. Zhang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Milin, Paizhen, 3800 m, 28.VII.1983, X.-Z. Zhang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Nielamu, Zhangmu, Youyiqiao, 1680–2230 m, 15.VIII.1984, X.-Z. Zhang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Yadong, Xiayadong, Asang village, 2835 m, 24.vi.2016, H.-B. Liang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Yadong, 9.VI.1977, J.-Y. Wu leg. (SEMCAS) ; 1 ♀, Linzhi, 3000 m, 5.VIII.2003, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Linzi, Lulang, 3300–3400 m, 7.VIII.2013, 11.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang, X.-Y. Li &amp; P. Hou leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Médog, 1300–3000 m, 10.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang leg. (SYNU) ; 2 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Milin, Xuekagou, 2850–2900 m, 17.VIII.2013, C.-T. Zhang &amp; X.-Y. Li leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Gongbujiangda, 3200–3500 m, 17.VIII.2013, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU) . Yunnan: 1 ♂, Xishuangbanna, Mengsong, 26.IV.1958, X. Meng leg. (IZCAS) ; 9 ♂♂, Xiaozhongdian, 2300–3200 m, 2–5.VIII.1984, S.-Y. Wang &amp; R. Wang leg. (IZCAS) ; 2 ♂♂, Lijiang, Ludian, 3200 m, 14–15.VIII.1984, C.-F. Li leg. (IZCAS) ; 14 ♂♂, Wexi, Lidiping, 3100–3300 m, 14–15.VIII.1984, C. Li, S.-Y. Wang, R.-Q. Wang &amp; J.-G. Fan leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Dal, Cang Mountains, 2600 m, 30.VI.1987, X.-Z. Zhang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♀, Jingdong, Mts. Wuliang, 24.VIII.1990, S. Lin leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Dali, 2000 m, 1–5.IX.1993, R. Kano leg. (BLKU) ; 6 ♂♂, Lijiang, Haishuihe, 2700 m, 28.VIII.1996, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Nujiang, Laowo, 2000–2400 m, 4–5.IX.1996, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Gaoligong Mountains, Hongqingshu, 2700 m, 6.V.2001, Y. Dong leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Gaoligong Mountains, Lushui, Pianma, 2400 m, 23.VI.2010, C. Fu leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Deqen, Meili Snow Mountains, 3200 m, 6.VII.2006, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Lijiang, Yulong Snow Mountains, 3000 m, 23.VII.2008, S.-C. Bai leg. (SYNU) ; 4 ♂♂, Deqen, Baima Snow Mountains, 4250 m, 28.VII.2008, S.-C. Bai, X.- D. Fei &amp; S. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Xinping, Mt. Dahongshan, 900–1300 m, 28.VII.2010, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♀, Deqen, Yunling, 2600–2900 m, 27–31.V.2012, Q. Wang leg. (SYNU) . Japan, Honshu: 1 ♀, Akita, Mt. Mitsugamori, S. Fukushi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Aomori, Oshima, 16.IX.1968 (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Nagadai, Mt. Iwaki, 1.VIII.1969, S. Fukushi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Nishimeya Riv. Anmon, 25.VIII.1971, S. Fukushi leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♀♀, Mt. Iwaki, Dake pasture, 30.VIII.1971, S. Fukushi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Yamanashi, Ashiyashi vil., 3.VIII.1973, S. Fukushi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Amomori, Owani, Mt. Ajgara, 25.VIII.1981, S. Fukushi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Nikko Nat. Park, Odashirogahara, 25.VIII.1982, T. Matsumura leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Tochigi, Nikko, Yumoto, 6.VIII.1982, T. Tanaka leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Akita, Lake Towada, Yasumiya, 14.IX.1983, S. Fukushi leg. (BLKU) ; 3 ♂♂, Iwate, Waga-renpo, 9.IX.1988, T. Chiba leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Yamanashi, Nikkawa rindo, 1300 m, 20.VIII.1989, S. Shinonaga leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Gifu, Amou touge, 14.VIII.1995, T. Tachi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Aomori, Kansuizawa, 5.IX.1995, M. Sueyoshi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Kanagawa, Yamakita-cho, Nishitanzawa, 13.IX.1995, M. Sueyoshi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Aomori, Hirosaki city, Itinowatari Dass, 4.VIII.1996, M. Sueyoshi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Nagano, Hara vil., Ochiaibashi, 31.VIII.1996, M. Sueyoshi leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Yamanashi, Ashiyasu vil., Hirogawara, 19–20.VIII.1997, T. Tachi leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Niigata, Itoigavac Rengeapa, 16.VIII.1997 and 27.VII.1998, T. Tachi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Nagano, Yakokawa vil., 900 m, 24.VII.1998, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 6 ♂♂, Nagano, Yamonouchi Okushiga, 1300 m, 28.VII.1998, H. Shima &amp; T. Tachi leg. (BLKU) ; 22 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀, Nagano, Minamimaki vil., Mt. Yatsugadake, 1500 m, 30–31.VII.1998, H. Shima &amp; T. Tachi leg. (BLKU) . Kyushu: 1 ♂, Gokano-sho, Kumamoto, 23.VII.1966, K. Kanmiy leg. (BLKU) ; 3 ♀♀, Mt. Yuwandake, Amami-Oshima, Kagoshima, 12.XI.1971, S. Shinonaga leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Yatsuno, Setouchi, Amami-Oshima, 15.X.1972, H. Suzuki leg. (BLKU) ; Hokkaido: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Teshio, 6.VIII.1980, H. Torikura leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Shiretoko Pen., Okepepu rindo, 12.VIII.1996, T. Tachi leg. (BLKU) . Malaysia: 1 ♂, Pahang, Mt. Berinchang, 2110 m, n. forest, 15.III.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) . Nepal: 3 ♂♂, Bogara, 1700–2200 m, 21.IX.1971, A. Nakanishi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Pholchoki, 2762 m, 18–21.IX.1987, M. Limbu leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Bagmati, Mt. Pulchoki, 2760 m, 30.IX.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 4 ♂♂, Gandaki, Kaski, Dhampus to Pothana, 1760–2030 m, 7.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Gandaki Kaski, Ghandruk-Kyumrung, 1970– 1840 m, 10.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Gandaki, Kaski, Chomrong-Ghandruk, 2050– 1970 m, 14.X.1990, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Solukhumbu, Jiri-Ban-dar, 1950–2150 m, 25.VII.1992, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Solukhumbu, Surke Chumoa, 2220–2715 m, 31.VII.1992, H. Shima &amp; S. Shinonaga leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Solukhumbu, Chumoa-Lukia, 2715–2800 m, 3.VIII.1992, S. Shinonaga leg. (BLKU) ; 12 ♂♂, Solukhumbu Dist., Chumoa to Namche Bazar, 2715–3400 m, 1.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi &amp; H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Solu Khunbu Namche Bazar 3400–3800 m, 2.VIII.1992, S. Shinonaga leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Chumoa to Lukula, 1715–2804 m, 3.VIII.1992, S. Shinonaga &amp; H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Bamati, Mt. Pulchoki, 1540–2760 m, 6–7.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Narayani Kathmandu to Hetauda, Tistung, 2030 m, 8.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, Makwanpur, Simbhanjyan, 2488 m, 8.VIII.1992, H. Shima leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Narayani, Kathmandu to Hetauda, Tistung, 2030 m, 8.VIII.1992, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Phulchouki, 2500 m, 1.XI.1992, H. Iwasa leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Kamishihoro T. Mitsumita, 17.IX.1993, A. Kuromoto leg. (BLKU) . Pakistan: 1 ♂, Kalam, 1800 m, village, 9.VIII.1987, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, NWF Prov., Kawai-Dasu, 1200 m, 22.VII.1987, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 6 ♂♂, NW Front Prov., Nathiagali, 2200–2400 m, 5–30.VII.1988, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) . Philippines: 1 ♂, Mt. Province, Mayoyao, Ifugao, 1200–1500 m, 19–21.VII.1966, H. Torrevillas leg. (BPBM) . Thailand: 1 ♀, N. Thailand, Doi Pui, 1865 m, 17.VI.1965, S. Asahina leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♂♂, C. Chiang Mai, Doi Pui, 1685 m, 16.IX.1975 and 1.VII.1988, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♂, Babusar, 30 km S. Chilas, 3000 m, 5.VIII.1987, S. Shinonaga leg. (BLKU) . Vietnam: 1 ♀, Dalat, 1650 m, 11.IX.1960, J.L. Cressitt leg. (BPBM) ; 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, Lai Chau Prov., Mt. Phang Si Pang, N. Ridge, 1750 m, 3–8.X.1995, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) .</p><p>Hosts. Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae: Mimela testaceipes (Motchulsky) or Anomala sp. (Shima 2006: 31).</p><p>Distribution. China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Ningxia, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan), India, Japan (Hokkaidō, Honshū, Shikoku, Kyūshū), Malaysia *, Nepal, Pakistan *, Thailand, Vietnam *.</p><p>Remarks. This species is one of six species with parafacialia bare, inner vertical setae hair-like, developed facial carina, lower calypter with long fringe on outer margin, abdomen dark brown, the others being E. flavipennis, E. litoralis, E. prostata sp. nov., E. tibetensis sp. nov. and E. wangi sp. nov. Within this group of species, E. magna, E. flavipennis, E. litoralis (Rondani) and E. wangi sp. nov. are the only four with 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae and scutellum reddish-yellow at apex, but E. magna differs from the other three species in having a larger body, prementum short, and abdominal tergite 3 with a pair of large brown markings in male.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFD2C86B6C86DE8B557C864A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFD7C86B6C86D99D50FE8491.text	03F4DC05FFD7C86B6C86D99D50FE8491.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria nigripes (Villeneuve 1920)	<div><p>Estheria nigripes (Villeneuve, 1920)</p><p>Dexiomorpha nigripes Villeneuve, 1920: 203 . Type locality: Algeria and Tunisia. Lectotype ♂ (RBINS) not examined. References: Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 364; Pealearctic catalog); Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012: 273, 285; species and key); Zhang et al. (2013: 139; checklist).</p><p>Dexiomorpha smyrnaea Villeneuve, 1928: 59 . Type locality: Smyrna [= Izmir] (Turkey).</p><p>Diagnosis. Frons 1/11–1/7 of head width in male; parafacial with 4–6 rows of long setae, the longest varying between 5/6 (male) and 1/3 (female) of parafacial width at midlength. First flagellomere light brown to black; aristal hairs 0.9–1.4 times as long as width of 1 st flagellomere . Postpronotum entirely black; scutellum darker near base. Inner margin of lower calypter, along scutellum, dark brown or black, distinctly darker than outer margin. Basicosta yellow to light brown. Legs black except reddish-yellow knees. Abdominal ground colour black; tergite 4 usually with 1 pair of median discal setae (sometimes 2 pairs in male).</p><p>Material examined. China: 1 ♂, Beijing, Badaling, 700 m, 3.VII.1974, Y.- S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) .</p><p>Distribution. Algeria, China, Greece, Israel, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey.</p><p>Remarks. We recognized this species from Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012). It is similar to E. picta (Meigen), but differs from the latter in having narrower frons, first flagellomere light brown to black, and postpronotum entirely black.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFD7C86B6C86D99D50FE8491	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFD7C8696C86DA5B5179840C.text	03F4DC05FFD7C8696C86DA5B5179840C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria pallicornis (Loew 1873)	<div><p>Estheria pallicornis (Loew, 1873)</p><p>(Figs 11, 23, 35, 47, 63, 72, 89, 102, 117)</p><p>Dinera pallicornis Loew, 1873: 237 . Type locality: Uzbekistan or Tajikistan, Zarafshon Valley [as “ Sarawschan-Thal ”]. Type (s), male (1 in ZMHB, J. Ziegler, pers. comm.), not examined. References: Kolomiets (1973: 98; key and description); Crosskey (1976: 180; Oriental catalog); Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 364; Palearctic catalog); Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012: 273, 284; species and key); Zhang et al. (2013: 139; checklist).</p><p>Dolichodexia rufipes Brauer &amp; Bergenstamm, 1889: 118 and 167 (key). Type locality: Turkey, Amasya.</p><p>Dolichodexia albipila Mesnil, 1963: 54 . Type locality: Tajikstan, Khorog. Reference: Kolomiets (1973: 97).</p><p>Diagnosis. Prementum short; antennae, palpi and legs reddish-yellow; pleura, postpronotal lobes, coxae and base of abdomen ventrally with dense pale hairs; veins M and R 4+5 merged to form a short petiole.</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 8.8–14.3 mm.</p><p>Male. Head covered with grayish-white pruinosity, frontal vitta dark brown, lunule and arista brown; antenna, palpus, prementum and labella reddish-yellow. Frons 0.1–0.12 of head width, widened anteriorly; frontal vitta narrower than fronto-orbital plate at middle, latter with some fine black hairs; parafacial bare, 3–3.5 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere; facial carina low and indistinct; gena as long as palpus or antenna, 0.42–0.57 of eye height; lower margin of face not protruding forward. Fronto-orbital plate with short pale and dark hairs, parafacial bare; inner vertical seta 0.3–0.4 of eye height, shorter than ocellar seta; outer vertical seta hair-like; 10–11 frontal setae; orbital seta absent; ocellar seta longer than upper frontal seta; vibrissa inserted above lower margin of face; a row of subvibrissa below vibrissa; upper occiput without black hairs behind postocular setae. Antenna falling short of lower margin of face by more than length of antenna, 1 st flagellomere 1.5–2 times as long as pedicel; arista, including plumosity, 3–4 times as wide as first flagellomere; palpus about as long as 1 st flagellomere; prementum short, about twice as long as wide or as long as palpus.</p><p>Thorax brown to dark brown, with yellowish-gray pruinosity; scutellum dark brown, with gray-white pruinosity; postprontal lobe dark brown; pleura with gray pruinosity; anterior and posterior spiracles reddishyellow. Dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae extending back to anterior half of postsutural scutum, narrower inner vitta 1/3–1/4 width of pruinose portion between inner and outer vittae; dorsum with black hairs except for pale white hairs on anterior and outer-lateral postprontal lobe; pleura with dense pale hairs, without black hairs. Prosternum bare, about 1.5 times as long as wide; proepisternum bare; postpronotal lobe with 4–5 setae, 3 of which nearly in a straight line; 2–3 presutural and 3 postsutural acrostichal setae; 3 presutural and 3 postsutural dorsocentral setae; 3 postsutural intra-alar setae; prealar setae weak, 2 supra-alar setae [1 male from Pakistan with 3–5 supra-alar setae]; 3 katepisternal setae; katepimeron hairy; posterior lappet of posterior spiracle circular; 3 pairs of marginal scutellar setae and 1 pair of discal scutellar setae. Wing hyaline, brownish; tegula and basicosta dark brown; halter reddish-yellow. Calypters yellowish-white; lower calypter with short fringe on outer margin. Costal spine absent; second costal sector bare ventrally, relative length of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 1.2:2.5:1; bend of vein M distinctly more than right-angled [specimens from China] or nearly rightangled [specimens from Pakistan]; vein M from crossvein dM-Cu to bend about 3/4 times as long as distance between bend and wing margin, with an appendage longer than crossvein r-m; vein M merged with vein R 4+5 to form a short petiole. Legs with femora brown-yellow except for ventral apex with grayish-white pruinosity, tibiae reddish-yellow, tarsi dark brown, pulvilli yellowish; coxae and ventral surface of femora with pale yellowish hairs. Fore tibia with 3–5 very short anterodorsal setae on basal 1/2 and 2 median posterior setae; fore claws and pulvilli slightly longer than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 1 anteroventral, 1 anterodorsal and 2 posterodorsal setae; hind tibia with 2 anteroventral, 3–4 anterodorsal and 2–3 posterodorsal setae, 1 apical anteroventral and 2 apical dorsal setae.</p><p>Abdomen long-ovate, black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity, dark brown on posterior margin around setae, with pale long hairs on ventral surface at base; syntergite 1+2 medially excavated to posterior margin, with 1 lateral marginal seta, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 1–2 lateral marginal setae, and 2 median discal setae; tergite 4 with a row of marginal setae and 2 median discal setae; tergite 5 with a row of marginal setae and many discal setae. Sternites with erect pale white hairs. Male terminalia (Figs. 11, 23, 35, 47). Posterior lobe of sternite 5 wide and bluntly rounded, V-shaped median cleft deep and wide. Surstylus short, bluntly round at apex; cerci separated, long, narrow and pointed apically; basiphallus about as long as postgonite; distiphallus long and slender, membranous apical part about 1/3 as long as sclerotized basal part; ejaculatory apodeme small.</p><p>Female. As male, except as follows: postprontal lobe reddish brown, scutellum brown, with grayish-white pruinosity; legs yellow including coxae and tarsi; pulvilli yellowish, claws reddish-yellow on basal half and brown to dark in apical half; abdomen with grayish-white pruinosity, tergites 3 to 5 black along posterior margin. Frons 0.38–0.39 of head width; frontal vitta about as wide as fronto-orbital plate; parafacial about 4 times as wide as 1st flagellomere; gena 0.42–0.57 of eye height; inner vertical seta stronger than ocellar setae; outer vertical seta about 3/5 as long as inner vertical seta; 7 inclinate frontal setae, about as long as ocellar setae; 2 strong proclinate orbital setae and 1 lateroclinate prevertical seta. Fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere; mid tibia with 1–2 anterodorsal setae; hind tibia with 2–4 anterodorsal setae. Abdomen ovate, without median discal setae on tergites 3 to 5.</p><p>Material examined. China, Beijing: 2 ♂♂, Mt. Baihua, 1170–1520 m, 24.VIII.1963, S.-Y. Wang leg. (IZCAS) ; 2 ♂♂, Wofosi, 5.X.1971, J.-M. Chao leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Badaling, 3.IX.1980, E.-Y. Liang leg. (IZCAS) ; 12 ♂♂, 32 ♀♀, Xiatougou, 6–12.X.1982, Z.-C. Su leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Mentougou, 4–6.IX.1976, F.-S. Li leg. (CAU) ; 1 ♀, Mentougou, 8.VIII.2008, T. Wang leg. (CAU) . Hebei: 2 ♂♂, Xiaowutai Mountains, Beitai-Tatou, 1200–2400 m, 14–22.VIII.1964, C. Wang &amp; Y.-H. Han leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, same data as previous except VIII.1980 (IZCAS); 1 ♂, same data as previous except 26.VI.2009, C. Fu leg. (SYNU) . Inner Mongolia: 1 ♂, Jining, Slope, Hardwood, 1.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Xi Ujimqin Qi, Grassland, 6.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♀, Tumuertai, 12.VIII.1979, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♀, Zhungeer, 18.VIII.2008, F.-Y. Yang leg. (IZCAS) ; 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, Alashanzuo Qi, Helan Mountains, Halawu, 2200–2800 m, 25.VII–6.VIII.2010, S.-D. Wang &amp; Z. Zhao leg. (SYNU) ; 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Helanshan, Xiangchizi, 2000–2500 m, 6–7.VIII.2011, H. Lin &amp; C. Tan leg. (SYNU) ; 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Baotou, Shala Qi, Goumen, 17.VIII.2015 and 2.?.2015, A.-P. Liu leg. (IGRCAAS) ; 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Hohhot, Wuchuan, Daqingshan, Shierdeng Village, 16–21.?.2017, D.-H. Wang leg. (IMAU) . Shanxi: 4 ♀♀, Pinglu, Xiashuitou, 2.IX.1979, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 11 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Guangling, Shangbaiyang, 9.VIII.1980, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 8 ♂♂, Shanyin, Xialakou, 11.VII.1982, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 11 ♂♂, Yangquan, Shanyin, Shangqiu, 12.VII.1982, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Guangling, Xianglutai, 19.VII.1985, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) ; 1 ♂, Zuoquan, 12.VI.1999, M.-F. Wang leg. (SYNU) . Ningxia: 1 ♂, Jingyuan, Helan Mountains, Xixia Forestry Center, 2000 m, 11.VII.2008, Z.-Y. Yao leg. (SYNU) . Xinjiang: 1 ♂, Zhaosu, 1630 m, 11.VIII.1957, H. Wang leg. (IZCAS) ; 2 ♂♂, same data as previous except 15.VI.1959, S.-Y. Wang leg. (IZCAS); 1 ♀, Burjin, 480 m, 18.VII.1960, S.-Y. Wang leg. (IZCAS) ; 2 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀, Manasi, 400–900 m, 9.VI.1963, S.-Y. Wang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♀, Manasi, 9.VII.1967, C.-P. Hong leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Zhaosu, Xiata, 1950 m, 18.VII.1978, X.-Z. Zhang leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♂, Hanasi Lake, 15.VII.1980, X.-W. Liu leg. (SEMCAS) ; 24 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, Shule, 1280 m, 10–22.V.2007, M.-L. Sheng leg. (GSFPM) ; 1 ♀, Nalati, 6.VIII.2007, S. Huo leg. (GSFPM) . Nepal: 1 ♀, Phulchouki, 2500 m, 1.XI.1992, M. Iwasa leg. (BLKU) . Pakistan: 1 ♂, Swat Ushu, 2000 m, 10 km N of Kalam, 10.VIII.1987, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Kalan, 90 km N of Mingola, 10.VIII.1987, K. Kanmiya leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, 6 km N of Gilgit, 27.VII.1987, K. Kanmiya leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Ultar gracier, Hunza, 2500 m, 31.VII.1987, S. Shinonaga leg. (BLKU) ; 1 ♀, Punjab, Fort Munro, 3.IX.1988, M. Iwasa leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♀♀, Baluchistan, Ziarat, 17.IX.1988, M. Iwasa leg. (BLKU) ; 2 ♀♀, NWF Prov., Hopel nr Gakuch, 1900 m, 6.VII.1989, H. Kurahashi leg. (BLKU) .</p><p>Distribution. Afghanistan, China (Beijing, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shanxi, Xinjiang), Greece, India, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Nepal *, Pakistan, Russia (W and E Siberia), Tajikstan, Transcaucasia, Turkey, Uzbekstan.</p><p>Hosts. Scarabaeidae: Amphimallon solstitiale (Linnaeus), Brahmina agnella (Faldermann), Lasiopsis henningi (Fischer), Melolontha hippocastani Fabricius and Mimela holosericea (Fabricius) (Tschorsnig 2017: 342) .</p><p>Remarks. This species is easily distinguished from other species of this genus in having prementum short, antenna, palpi and legs reddish-yellow, long and dense pale hairs on pleura, postpronotal lobe, coxae and ventral base of abdomen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFD7C8696C86DA5B5179840C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFD5C8686C86DBDD54FF85A0.text	03F4DC05FFD5C8686C86DBDD54FF85A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria petiolata (Bonsdorff 1866) Zhang & Shima & Liang & Li 2019	<div><p>Estheria petiolata (Bonsdorff, 1866)</p><p>(Figs 12, 24, 36, 48, 64, 73, 90, 103, 118)</p><p>Dexia petiolata Bonsdorff, 1866: 131 . Type locality: Maaninka, Polvijärvi and Taipalsaari (Finland). Holotype ♂ [depository unknown] not examined. References: Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 365; Palearctic catalog); Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012: 273, 285; species and key); Zhang et al. (2013: 140; checklist).</p><p>Diagnosis. Frons 0.20–0.25 of eye width in male; parafacial with 3–4 rows of short setae; aristal hairs at most 0.5–0.6 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere; lateral presutural black vitta almost rectangular in shape; postpronotum entirely black; basicosta dark brown; tibiae at least partly yellow in middle section; abdomen black, tergite 4 with 2–3 pairs of median discal setae.</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 10.5–14.5 mm.</p><p>Head. Fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and occiput covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity; frontal vitta dark brown, gena reddish-brown, with thin pruinosity; lunule, pedicel and 1 st flagellomere reddish-brown, palpus reddish-yellow. Frons 1/5–1/4 of eye width, frontal vitta narrower than fronto-orbital plate; parafacial about 2.5 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere; facial carina distinct and narrow; genal height about 2/3 of eye height; frontoorbital plate and parafacial with black hairs, parafacial with 3–4 rows of short setae, longest setae varying between 1/2 (male) and 1/6 (female) of parafacial width; upper occiput with 2 rows of black hairs below postocular setae. Antenna short, falling short of lower margin of face by more than 1 st flagellomere length; 1 st flagellomere 1–1.2 times as long as pedicel; arista short plumose, the longest aristal hairs 0.5–0.6 times as long as 1 st flagellomere; palpus slender, about as long as prementum; prementum 4 times as long as wide.</p><p>Thorax black, covered with gray pruinosity, dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae, presutural inner vitta as wide as 1/3–1/2 of the pollinose distance between inner and outer vittae, presutural outer vittae wide and subtriangular, reaching level of medial posthumeral seta anteriorly; postpronotal lobe black, covered with gray pruinosity; scutellum dark brown at base, apex reddish-brown; 3–5 postpronotal setae, the strongest three arranged in a triangle; 3–4 presutural and 3 postsutural acrostichal setae, 3 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 3 postsutural intra-alar setae; 4 supra-alar setae, the foremost one short; 3 pairs of marginal scutellar setae and 1–2 pairs of discal scutellar setae; 3 katepisternal setae, 2 anepimeral setae, katepimeron with a fine seta and some hairs in anterior half. Wing hyaline, yellowish; tegula and basicosta dark brown; calypter milky white, margin yellowish; lower calypter with short fringe on outer margin; halter reddish-yellow, apex brown. Costal spine shorter than crossvein r-m; relative length of 2nd, 3rd and 4th costal sectors approximately 1:2:0.8; cell r 4+5 closed at wing margin; vein M at bend nearly right-angled, with a short appendix which is shorter than crossvein r-m, vein M from crossvein r-m to crossvein dM-Cu about 2.5 times as long as distance between dM-Cu crossvein and bend, vein M from dM-Cu crossvein to bend about as long as distance between bend and hind margin of wing. Legs dark brown except reddish-yellow in middle section of tibiae, femora covered with gray pruinosity. Fore tibia with a row of short anterodorsal setae and 2 posterior setae; fore claws longer than and pulvilli about equal to 5th tarsomere; mid femur with 4 strong anterior setae, mid tibia with 2–3 anterodorsal, 1 posterodorsal, 2 posterior and 1 ventral setae; hind tibia with 5 anterodorsal (one strong), 4 posterodorsal (two strong), 1 anteroventral and 3 ventral setae, 2 apicaly dorsal setae, 1 apical anteroventral and 1 short apical posteroventral setae.</p><p>Abdomen black, covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity; syntergite 1+2 excavated to posterior margin, with 1 lateral marginal seta, without median marginal setae; tergite 3 with 2 median marginal setae, 2 lateral marginal setae, 1 lateral discal seta and 3 pairs of median discal setae; tergite 4 with 2–3 pairs of median discal setae, 1 lateral discal seta and a row of marginal setae; tergite 5 with a row of marginal setae and many irregular discal setae; sternite 1 with black hairs. Male terminalia as in Figs 12, 24, 36, 48.</p><p>Material examined. Austria: 1 ♂, Land Kärnten, Villacher Alpe Federaum, SW Villach, 500 m, 5.VIII.1993, C. Lange &amp; J. Ziegler leg. (ZMHB; det. J. Ziegler) . China, Inner Mongolia: 1 ♀, Wumeng, Siziwang Qi, 28.VI.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) ; 1 ♀, Baotou, Donghe, Sharqin, near Reservoir, 18.VI.2015, A.-P. Liu leg. (IGRCAAC) ; 2 ♀♀, Baotou, 17.VIII–2.IX.2015, A.-P. Liu leg. (IGRCAAC) ; 1 ♀, Hohhot, Sharqin, 18.?– 6.VII.2015, D.-H. Wang leg. (IMAU) ; 2 ♀♀, Baotou, Shala Qi, Goumen, 17.VIII.2015 and 2.IX.2015, D.-H. Wang leg. (IMAU) ; 1 ♂, Hohhot, Tumotezuo Qi, Hasuhai, 7.VII.2011, J.-L. Li leg. (IMAU) . Xinjiang: 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀, Aertai Prefecture, Burjin, Halasi Lake, 30.VI–1.VII.1980, X-W Liu leg. (SEMCAS) ; 2 ♂♂, Xinyuan, Nalati, 6.VII.2007, S. Huo leg. (CAU) . France: 1 ♂, Briançon, Nevache, 1.VIII.1985, H.-P. Tschorsnig leg. (SMNS; det. H.-P. Tschorsnig) ; 1 ♀, Alpes-Hte- Provence, 2 km NW Col de Larche, 1900 m, 16.VII.2009, H.-P. Tschorsnig leg. (SMNS; det. H.-P. Tschorsnig) . Germany: 1 ♀, Riedel, Pössneck, 16.VII.1905, M.P. Riedel leg. (ZMHB; det. J. Ziegler) ; 1 ♂, Frankfurt (Oder), Kirchdorf, 17.VI.1919 (ZMHB; det. J. Ziegler) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang), Europe (northwards to Denmark and Finland), Kyrgyzstan, Transcaucasus.</p><p>Hosts. Coleoptera Scarabaeidae: Amphimallon solstitiale (Linnaeus) (Ziegler &amp; Tschorsnig 2016: 346) .</p><p>Remarks. We identified this species by comparison with European specimens identified by H.-P. Tschorsnig (SMNS) and J. Ziegler (ZMHB). It is similar to E. picta (Meigen), but differs in having narrower frons, shorter aristal hairs, dark postpronotum and tergites 3 and 4 each with 2 to 3 pairs of median discal setae.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFD5C8686C86DBDD54FF85A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
03F4DC05FFDBC8676C86DD8D54138428.text	03F4DC05FFDBC8676C86DD8D54138428.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Estheria picta (Meigen 1826)	<div><p>Estheria picta (Meigen, 1826)</p><p>(Figs 49–52, 91, 104–106)</p><p>Dexia picta Meigen, 1826: 44 . Type locality: Lüneburg, Niedersachsen (Germany). Type (s), male (NMW), not examined. References: Herting &amp; Dely-Draskovits (1993: 365; Palearctic catalog), Cerretti &amp; Tschorsnig (2012: 273, 285; species and key), Zhang et al. (2013: 140; checklist).</p><p>Dexiomorpha marittima Rondani, 1862: 64 . Type locality: Sardinia (Italy).</p><p>Dexia (Deximorpha) breviciliata Pandellé, 1896: 153 . Type locality: Apt, Vaucluse, France.</p><p>Diagnosis. Frons 0.33–0.45 of eye width in male, parafacial with hair-like setae at least in upper half; antenna reddish-yellow, aristal hairs 0.5–0.6 times as long as 1 st flagellomere; lateral presutural black vitta more or less rectangular; postpronotum at least partly yellow, scutellum entirely yellow; basicosta yellow to light brown.</p><p>Redescription. Body length: 11.5–12 mm.</p><p>Male. Head. Fronto-orbital plate, parafacial and occiput covered with yellowish-gray pruinosity; frontal vitta dark brown; gena reddish-brown, with thin pruinosity; lunule and antenna reddish-yellow except apical outer surface of 1 st flagellomere dark. Frons 0.33–0.45 of eye width; facial carina developed, pointed and narrow; 1 st flagellomere slightly longer than pedicel, the distance between vibrissa and lower margin of face more than 1 st flagellomere length; prementum 2.5–3 times as long as wide.</p><p>Thoracic dorsum with 4 longitudinal black vittae, lateral presutural vitta distinctly outlined, rectangular, reaching beyond median posthumeral seta; median presutural vittae wider, separated by a distance of 2–5 times width of a vitta; scutellum entirely reddish-brown, postpronotal lobe reddish-yellow to brown. Prosternum bare, 3.5–4.5 times as long as wide; 3–4 presutural and 3 postsutural acrostichal setae, 3–4 presutural and 4 postsutural dorsocentral setae, 2–3 postsutural intra-alar setae, 3 supra-alar setae, the foremost one short, 3–5 postpronotal setae; scutellum with 4–5 pairs of marginal setae and prebasal scutellar seta short. Wing dark-clouded along crossvein r-m, wing membrane usually brownish also around crossvein dM-Cu and postangular section of M. Legs reddish-yellow except femora ventrally and apically and tibiae basally dark brown. Mid tibia with 2 anterodorsal and 2 ventral setae, the upper one short.</p><p>Abdomen dark brown to reddish-yellow, with grayish-white pruinosity and a longitudinal black median vitta as wide as distance between two median marginal setae. Tergites 3 and 4 each with two pairs of median discal setae. Terminalia as in Figs 49–52.</p><p>Female. Frons about 3/7 of head width; frontal vitta anteriorly narrowed, less than fronto-orbital plate; parafacial about 4 times as wide as 1 st flagellomere; gena about as high as eye height. Fore claws and pulvilli shorter than 5th tarsomere. Abdominal tergites 3 and 4 each with a pair of median discal setae.</p><p>Material examined. Austria: 1 ♂, Austr. inf., Türksch [= Wien-Türkenschanze], 11.VIII.1903, Wachtl leg. (SMNS; det. H.-P. Tschorsnig) . China, Inner Mongolia: 1 ♂, Dong Ujimqin Qi, Shamai, 27.VIII.1971, Y.-S. Shi leg. (IZCAS) . Ningxia: 1 ♀, Jingyuan, Liupan Mountains, Lvyuan Forestry Center, 1700–1800 m, 30.VI.2008, J.- Y. Liu leg. (SYNU) .</p><p>Distribution. China (Inner Mongolia, Ningxia), Europe (northwards to Germany; North Europe, Transcaucasus), Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Russia (East Siberia).</p><p>Remarks. This species is similar to E. petiolata in having a hairy parafacial, but differs from in having wider frons, postpronotal lobe reddish-yellow to brown, lateral presutural black vitta distinctly outlined, rectangular, reaching beyond medial posthumeral seta; wing dark-clouded along crossvein r-m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F4DC05FFDBC8676C86DD8D54138428	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Zhang, Chun-Tian;Shima, Hiroshi;Liang, Hou-Can;Li, He-Nan	Zhang, Chun-Tian, Shima, Hiroshi, Liang, Hou-Can, Li, He-Nan (2019): Four new species of Estheria Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Tachinidae) from China and Nepal, with a review of the East Palearctic and Oriental species. Zootaxa 4603 (1): 1-38, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.1.1
