taxonID	type	description	language	source
03F68B67BB16E13871E6F96BFA8DFB16.taxon	description	Description. Wing length 3.0 mm (♂). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section: 0.6; vein r-m slightly past midpoint of cell dm. Eye height divided by gena height 11.4. Lunule subshining, much wider than high with dorsum bent inwards (margin appearing flat when viewed anteriorly). Ocellar triangle relatively shiny. Face with very shallow carina. Clypeus slightly thicker than that of African congeners. Chaetotaxy: Prescutellar acrostichal seta absent. Approximately 8 – 10 rows of acrostichal setulae. Intra postalar small. Katepisternum with an additional 3 short, developed setae. Fore tibia with medial seta. Mid femur with long posterodistal seta. Colouration: Setae black, setulae with brown tint. Halter entirely black. Calypter margin and hairs dark brown. Genitalia: Subepandrial sclerite with long, dark, plate-like halves that meet at a narrow point medially. Cercus narrowest at base. Surstylus not projecting, completely fused to broad margin of epandrium; anterior and ventral margins with scattered tubercle-like setae on inner surface. More than half of hypandrial length composed of apical apodeme; inner setose lobe of hypandrium (possibly homologous with pregonite) separate, floating. Phallophorus short, symmetrical. Basiphallus composed of small dorsobasal plate that extends slightly onto right lateral surface; well separated from mesophallus by membranous space. Mesophallus small and lobate, forming simple chamber connecting duct and distiphallus. Distiphallus large with base forming a dark, compact chamber with a short dorsal extension and similarly short, but spinulose right lateral lobe; with long, paler medial extension that curves to the right where it forms shallow corkscrew-like annulations; left lateral membrane with narrow sclerotized band that separates a smaller ventral spinose patch from a larger, more heavily spinulose dorsal patch. Ejaculatory apodeme with pileus ejaculatorius extended laterally as short, dark apodemes; stem short with basal process atrophied; blade broadly ovate, moderately well pigmented and with thin medial rib; base of duct with pigmented patches produced from stem and pileus ejaculatorius. Host. Unknown.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB16E13871E6F96BFA8DFB16.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Uganda.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB16E13871E6F96BFA8DFB16.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet compounds the Latin for “ hair ” [crinis] and “ penis ” [colis], referring to the characteristic phallus.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB16E13871E6F96BFA8DFB16.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. UGANDA. Entebbe, 20 – 31. xii. 1972, H. Falke, 1160 m (1 ♂, CNC).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB16E13871E6F96BFA8DFB16.taxon	discussion	Comments. External and male genitalic characters support a close relationship between the African Japanagromyza dolobrata and J. crinicolis, and the Southeast Asian J. setigera (Malloch). These species are most readily characterized by an entirely black halter, and a large, spinose, hatchet-shaped phallus. Hosts are unknown for all three species. Japanagromyza dolobrata, which also occurs in the D. R. Congo, can only be reliably differentiated from this species on the basis of male genitalic features, although the collection of additional material may allow for more confident separation of the two. Japanagromyza dolobrata has a sight posteroventral extension of the epandrium, and the phallus is much longer with a much larger, carinate distiphallus. Also see comments for J. meridiana.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB10E13A71E6FAA1FC83FECE.taxon	description	Description. Externally as described for J. crinicolis except as follows: wing length 3.3 mm (♂); length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section 0.7; eye height divided by gena height 11.8. Female unknown. Genitalia: Subepandrial sclerite broad, bare and dorsally lobate, with halves nearly meeting at a point medially. Surstylus entirely fused to epandrium and with tubercle-like setae along outer margins; directed inwards and slightly recessed. Cercus narrowest basally. Hypandrium narrow and with long thick apical apodeme; inner setose lobe separate, floating. Phallophorus small, fused to basiphallus, which is narrow, dorsally sclerotized and slightly twisted clockwise around shaft; basiphallus widely separated from mesophallus by membranous space. Mesophallus dark, subcylindrical and fused to large, elaborate distiphallus. Distiphallus with dark basal bulb connected to medial, internally spinulose chamber via a textured dorsal band emerging from the base of the bulb; ventrally with large, curved, blade-like carina that is contiguous with mesophallus and spinulose along right lateral surface. Ejaculatory apodeme with short, stout stem and developed basal process; blade large, clear and ovate with dark central rib; pileus ejaculatorius forming a transverse bar with ends upturned. Variation: The paratype collected from the D. R. Congo differs externally as follows: wing length 2.4 mm; length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section 0.6; vein r-m slightly distal to midpoint of cell dm; eye height divided by gena height 10.0. The genitalia are nearly identical except there is a shorter gap between the basiphallus and mesophallus and a shorter distance between the dark basal bulb of the distiphallus and the medial spinulose chamber.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB10E13A71E6FAA1FC83FECE.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype: UGANDA. Entebbe, 10. iii. 1972, H. Falke, in forest (1 ♂, CNC). Paratype: D. R. CONGO. Oriental Prov.: Eyolo forest, ca. 2 km E Lieke, 0.69642, 24.24186, 25 – 29. v. 2012, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, Boyekoll Ebale Congo Expedition 2010 (1 ♂, BMSA).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB10E13A71E6FAA1FC83FECE.taxon	discussion	Comments. See comments for Japanagromyza crinicolis.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB13E13B71E6FF21FAA3FA34.taxon	description	Description. Wing length 2.5 – 2.9 mm (♂). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section: 0.7 – 0.9. Vein r-m at or slightly past midpoint of cell dm. Eye height divided by gena height: 8.5 – 10.6. Lunule wider than high, pruinosity relatively dense and silvery. Congo male with slight facial carina. Clypeus glossy and with broad, relatively straight anteromedial margin. Chaetotaxy: Prescutellar acrostichal seta approximately 3 / 5 length of posterior dorsocentral. Approximately 10 rows of acrostichal setulae; setulae present between anterior and posterior dorsocentrals (not bare). Intra post-alar setula-like. Katepisternum with two smaller additional setae. Fore tibia with 1 small medial seta. Mid femur with several short posterodistal setae. Colouration: Setae black, setulae black with brown tint. Halter black with apical surface white, with boundary between two regions sharp, well-defined. Calypter fringe white, hairs light brown. Body dark brown. Genitalia: Subepandrial sclerite broad, flat and bare with halves joined broadly medially. Surstylus small, lobate, completely fused to epandrium and curved inwards anteriorly; with several long marginal setae and numerous minute setae in a dense medial patch. Cercus strongly tapered on outer margin of distal 1 / 3; one pair of small sclerotized patches in perianal region. Hypandrium with short apodeme that is widest apically. Phallophorus short and asymmetrical, with right distal margin reduced to accommodate base of basiphallus, which extends from dorsal base onto left lateral surface; right side of basiphallus membranous with two small ill-defined plates. Hypophallus absent. Mesophallus small and bulb-like, narrowing to point of fusion with distiphallus. Distiphallus short with base sclerotized, extending into short lateral and dorsal plates; apically with one pair of internally spinulose bands that nearly meet to form a complete ring. Pileus ejaculatorius bowl-like, shallow and with rounded lateral extensions; ejaculatory apodeme with stem and basal process small but well developed; blade subovate, mostly clear and with dark medial rib; base of duct including separate sclerotized extensions of stem and pileus ejaculatorius. Host. Unknown.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB13E13B71E6FF21FAA3FA34.taxon	distribution	Distribution. D. R. Congo, Uganda.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB13E13B71E6FF21FAA3FA34.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific epithet is Latin for “ adorned with laurel ”, referring to the shape of the apical sclerites of the distiphallus, which surrounds the “ head ” of the phallus like a laurel wreath.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB13E13B71E6FF21FAA3FA34.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. UGANDA. Entebbe, 1. xii. 1971, H. Falke, Mal. Tr. (1 ♂, CNC). Paratype. D. R. CONGO. Oriental Prov.: Lieki Village area at: 00 ˚ 41.117 ’ N, 24 ˚ 14.362 ’ E, 25. v – 4. vi. 2010, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, Boyekoll Ebale Congo Expedition 2010 (1 ♂, BMSA).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB13E13B71E6FF21FAA3FA34.taxon	discussion	Comments. The male genitalia of Japanagromyza laureata reveal a particularly close relationship with J. nigrihalterata, which has a similar surstylus (particularly the unusual setation on the inner surface), an apically tapered cercus (Fig. 15), one pair of floating sclerites in the perianal region, two floating plates on the right side of the basiphallus (Figs 19, 20), a distiphallus with a short, internally spinulose and bilobed apex, a swollen mesophallus, and a similar ejaculatory apodeme and hypandrium. Both species are also highly similar externally and difficult to differentiate, and are best characterized by a black halter with the apical surface abruptly white.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB13E13471E6F98FFB39FE5A.taxon	description	Description. Female holotype as described for J. crinicolis except as follows: wing length 2.1 mm; eye height divided by gena height approximately 11.0 – 12.0; condition of cephalic setae difficult to assess due to poor condition of specimen; condition of intra post-alar and fore tibial setae could not be determined; halter light brown with apical margin matching body colour. Host. Unknown.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB13E13471E6F98FFB39FE5A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Republic of South Africa.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB13E13471E6F98FFB39FE5A.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. RSA. Eshowe, Zululand, Dhlinza Forest, 5 – 6. iv. 1960, B. R. & P. Stuckenberg (1 ♀, NMSA).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB13E13471E6F98FFB39FE5A.taxon	discussion	Comments. The South African species Japanagromyza meridiana was described on the basis of the single female holotype, which is unfortunate considering that it now appears as though this species likely belongs to a clade that requires male dissection for accurate identification. This clade, for which hosts are unknown, includes J. crinicolis and J. dolobrata, which occur further north in Uganda and the D. R. Congo. Because J. meridiana cannot be reliably associated with either of these two species until a male is discovered, it seems best to treat all three as distinct until it can be determined whether one of the two central African species are synonymous with the senior J. meridiana. The holotype of Japanagromyza meridiana was examined on the author’s behalf by B. Muller.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1CE13471E6FE6AFEBBF9D8.taxon	description	Description. Wing length 1.5 mm (♂). Female unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section: 0.7; vein r-m before midpoint of cell dm. Eye height divided by gena height 7.0. Lunule with silvery pubescence. Face with slight medial carina. Chaetotaxy: Prescutellar acrostichal seta approximately 2 / 5 length posterior dorsocentral. Acrostichal setulae in 8 rows. Intra post-alar small. Fore tibia with medial seta. Mid femur with 1 long, curved posterodistal seta. Katepisternum with one smaller additional seta. Colouration: Setae dark brown, setulae brown. Halter entirely yellow. Calypter margin and hairs light brown. Body colour brown. Genitalia: Halves of subepandrial sclerite broadly joined medially, with one pair of anterodorsal lobes and one pair of lateromedial setae. Surstylus very thin, fused to epandrium and with two apical setae. Posteroventral margin of epandrium extended into thin process with single inner-apical tubercle-like seta. Hypandrium elongate and narrow with short apical apodeme. Basiphallus with small dorsobasal sclerite and subrectangular left lateral plate that narrows basally. Hypophallus thin, sclerotized, hooked, and held away from remainder of phallus by membranous folds reinforced by several ill-defined and lightly sclerotized bands. Fused mesophallus + distiphallus forming a clear, thin tubule slightly longer than basiphallus with apex recurved and ending in a broad membranous fold. Host. Unknown.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1CE13471E6FE6AFEBBF9D8.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Seychelles (Aldabra Atoll).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1CE13471E6FE6AFEBBF9D8.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin for “ islander ” [nesiote].	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1CE13471E6FE6AFEBBF9D8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. SEYCHELLES. Aldabra: South Island, Cinq Cases, 3 – 16. i. 1968, B. Cogan & A. Hutson (1 ♂, BMNH).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1CE13471E6FE6AFEBBF9D8.taxon	discussion	Comments. The male terminalia of Japanagromyza nesiota and J. salicifolii are relatively similar, exhibiting a long, narrow surstylus (Fig. 22), a left lateral sclerotization on the basiphallus, a long, dark, rod-like hypophallus (Fig. 24), and a clear, flagellate and fused meso / distiphallus. The external terminalia of J. nesiota are far less tuberculate, however, the epandrium is strongly produced ventrally, and the hypophallus is hooked. Furthermore, J. salicifolii only occurs in temperate north Africa on Salicaceae and is recognizable by an entirely white calypter and bluish colouration.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1CE13771E6F9EBFAC1FD57.taxon	description	Japanagromyza nigrihalterata. Spencer 1960: 17. Description. Wing length 2.2 mm (♂), 3.0 mm (♀). Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section: 0.8; vein r-m at or slightly past midpoint of cell dm. Eye height divided by gena height approximately 10.0 – 10.5. Lunule semicircular. Face with slight medial carina in male. Clypeus glossy with anterior margin relatively straight. Chaetotaxy: Prescutellar acrostichal seta 2 / 5 – 3 / 5 length of posterior dorsocentral. Approximately 10 rows of acrostichal setulae; setulae present between anterior and posterior dorsocentrals in male, row bare in female. Female with well developed setula in front of anterior dorsocentral (approximately ¼ length). Intra post-alar setulalike. Katepisternum with two smaller additional setae. Small fore tibial seta present in female. Mid femur without long posterodistal setae. Colouration: Setae dark brown, setulae with brown tint. Halter black with apical surface white, with sharp, well-defined boundary between both colour regions. Calypter margin white and hairs light brown. Body colour dark brown with nearly indistinct greenish shine in male. Genitalia: Subepandrial sclerite composed of one pair of large, bare plates joined by narrow dorsomedial bridge. Surstylus short, rounded, entirely fused to epandrium and with anterior margin curved inwards; with circular patch of very short setae on inner face. Cercus tapered on distal 2 / 5, short setose; one pair of weak, floating sclerites in perianal region. Phallophorus short, separate from basiphallus. Basiphallus with large left lateral / dorsal sclerite that is most heavily sclerotized apically; right lateral surface with two smaller floating sclerites, with dorsal-most margin exceeding mesophallus; mesophallus large, bulbous and smooth, subequal in size to distiphallus; apex of ejaculatory duct adjoining mesophallus thickened and sclerotized. Distiphallus with wide ventromedial plate that joins thick, basal C-shaped stem; apex of stem joined to small, bilobed, internally spinulose and thin-walled chamber. Ejaculatory apodeme with well defined stem and basal process; blade clear and subovate with dark medial rib with transverse striations; pileus ejaculatorius broad; base of stem and pileus extending along base of duct. Host. Unknown.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1CE13771E6F9EBFAC1FD57.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Kenya, Rwanda.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1CE13771E6F9EBFAC1FD57.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. KENYA. Meru, vii. 1943, van Someren (1 ♀, BMNH). Additional material examined: KENYA. Nairobi, 5500 ft., 9 – 13. xii. 1970, A. E. Stubbs, B. M. 1972 - 211 (1 ♂, BMNH).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1CE13771E6F9EBFAC1FD57.taxon	discussion	Comments. Males were previously unknown for Japanagromyza nigrihalterata. The male genitalia are figured here for the first time, although the phallus was unfortunately misplaced following illustration.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1FE13171E6FD61FB13FBAF.taxon	description	Description. Wing length 2.2 – 2.6 mm (♂), 2.3 – 2.4 mm (♀), 1.9 mm (♀ holotype). Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section: 0.6 – 0.7; vein r-m at 1 / 3 – 2 / 5 length of cell dm. Eye height divided by gena height 5.5 – 7.6. Lunule with pubescence silvery. Face with slight medial carina. Chaetotaxy: Third ori sometimes present on one side of frons. Prescutellar acrostichal seta varying from slightly less or more than half length of posterior dorsocentral. Acrostichal setulae usually in 10 – 12 rows, sometimes 8 (including holotype). Intra post-alar setula-like. Fore tibia with medial seta. Mid femur with several long, curved posterodistal setae. Katepisternum with one smaller additional seta. Colouration: Setae and setulae dark brown, setulae sometimes paler (including in holotype). Halter white with most of stem brown, and sides of knob with ill-defined brown patches (also see Variation below). Calypter margin and hairs dark brown. Body colour brown with nearly indiscernible green shine. Genitalia: Subepandrial sclerite bare; narrow arms contiguous with inner margin of surstylus; arms broadly joined medially to form anteriorly projecting plate. Surstylus fused to epandrium, but strongly inset from margin; broadly rounded, half length of epandrium; inner surface setose along midline apically. Cercus large, broad. Hypandrium with extremely elongate apodeme; lateral arms strongly deviated medially at point of contact with postgonite (broken in illustrated male, not drawn). Phallophorus asymmetrical, produced along left margin to point of fusion with basiphallus, which wraps around shaft onto right distal margin. Mesophallus lightly pigmented, tubular, bulging ventroapically, and with base rounded. Hypophallus consisting of membranous folds with curved, projecting tubule that varies from mostly clear to moderately pigmented. Distiphallus with one pair of dark, thin, elongate tubules that join near base. Ejaculatory apodeme with well-sclerotized, bulb-like pileus ejaculatorius that is produced into one pair of curved, heavily sclerotized processes; stem nearly indistinct and basal process reduced; blade narrow, irregular and pale with dark medial rib; base of duct pigmented. Variation: Some females from RSA and Burundi vary as follows: halter knob entirely white / yellow; orbital plate with glossy spot around base of fronto-orbitals; length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section 0.7 – 0.9; eye height divided by gena height 9.4 – 15.2; katepisternum with 3 smaller additional setae; posterodistal setae on mid femur less developed; female from Free State with calypter margin and hairs paler brown. One female from RSA (Manguzi Forest Reserve) with entirely white halter excluding brown basal spot on stem and faded brownish spot on knob base. Holotype with halter white excluding brownish stem base. Host. Fabaceae — Crotalaria agatiflora (Spencer, 1990).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1FE13171E6FD61FB13FBAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. AF: Burundi *, Kenya, Nigeria *, Republic of South Africa *, Tanzania, Uganda *. PA: Oman [?], Saudi Arabia (Deeming, 2006).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1FE13171E6FD61FB13FBAF.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype. TANZANIA. “ Makoa T. T. O-Afr. ”, 9. ii. 1959, at light, Lindner (1 ♀, SMNS). Material examined. BURUNDI. Burundi Prov.: Réserve Naturelle de Rumonge, 04 ˚ 00.940 ’ S, 29 ˚ 29.560 ’ E, 17 – 20. xi. 2012, 900 m, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs (2 ♀, BMSA). NIGERIA. N. Nigeria, Bauchi vegetable garden, 6. iv. 1990, J. C. Deeming (1 ♂, NMWC). RSA. Kwa Zulu-Natal: Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, at (2): 26 ˚ 57 ’ 17 ” S, 32 ˚ 49 ’ 27 ” E, 13 – 17. xii. 2012, 82 m, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs, Malaise traps, woodland savanna (3 ♂ 3 ♀, BMSA), Kwa Zulu-Natal: Manguzi Forest Reserve, 26 ˚ 59 ’ 32 ” S, 32 ˚ 43 ’ 25 ” E, 13 – 17. xii. 2010, 61 m, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs (1 ♀, BMSA), KZN: Ndumo Game R., main camp area at: 26 ˚ 54.652 ’ S, 32 ˚ 19.719 ’ E, 27 – 30. xi. 2009, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs (4 ♀, BMSA), Free State: Harrismith Scotland Farm at: 27 ˚ 58 ’ 59.5 ” S, 29 ˚ 37 ’ 09.8 ” E, 10 – 12. xi. 2009, A. H. Kirk- Spriggs (1 ♀, BMSA). SAUDI ARABIA. Aseer, Maraba, Malaise trap in fruit farm, 1 – 17. vi. 2003, H. A. Dawah (1 ♂, NMWC). UGANDA. Entebbe, 7. vi. 1972, H. Falke, in forest (1 ♂, BMNH).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1FE13171E6FD61FB13FBAF.taxon	discussion	Comments. Japanagromyza parvula and J. tephrosiae are nearly identical in morphology and preliminary findings suggest that their boundaries are in need of redefinition. It is unusual that direct comparisons have never been made in the literature despite their highly derived and nearly identical genitalia, including a very elongate, bifid distiphallus (Figs 39, 40). The only previously recognized external difference diagnosing the two is the colour of the halter, with that of J. parvula being entirely white and that of J. tephrosiae being brown with the apex becoming white gradually. The present study finds halter pigmentation to be quite variable across African specimens, sometimes even within the same locality — the knob is quite variably brown, often being mostly white on the lateral and sometimes dorsal surfaces (most females), with the margin of the brown sections fading gradually to white (not abruptly delimited, as seen in J. laureata and J. nigrihalterata). Aside from this slight variation in pigmentation between Japanagromyza parvula and J. tephrosiae, the only other apparent morphological difference appears to be the relative shape of the external male terminalia (Figs 35, 36). When viewed laterally, the cercus of an Australian male of J. tephrosiae (figured as J. badia Spencer in Spencer (1977), which was later synonymized by Spencer (1990 )) appears to be slightly longer, and the surstylus is longer and considerably narrower; this state is here also assumed to be present in the Indian population as well, as Spencer (1990) noted that the male genitalia of the two sets of reared specimens were “ identical ”. With these slight differences between the African and Indo / Australian groups, J. parvula is here tentatively redefined to encompass the African populations, and J. tephrosiae is redefined to encompass the Indo / Australian populations. Host choice within the Fabaceae also varies between the two sets of populations, somewhat supporting this new division. Crotalaria - feeding was recorded for a Kenyan specimen in Spencer (1990) (i. e. Japanagromyza parvula), and Tephrosia - feeding was recorded in an Australasian population (i. e. J. tephrosiae). As such, J. tephrosiae is no longer considered to occur in Africa, although additional host records and population sampling are required to support this concept, which is partially based on incomplete published descriptions.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB19E13271E6FB79FCA1FCC7.taxon	description	Japanagromyza salicifolii. Spencer 1963: 292, 1973: 299, 1974: 145, 1981: 178; Deeming 2006: 402. Description. Wing length 2.2 – 2.8 mm (♀). 2.6 mm (♂). Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section: 0.6 – 0.7; vein r-m before midpoint of cell dm. Eye height divided by gena height: 8.2 – 11.5. Lunule silvery. Face with slight, rounded ventromedial ridge. Clypeus attenuating anteriorly with inner anteromedial margin angulate. Chaetotaxy: Setula in front of anterior dorsocentral slightly more developed. Prescutellar acrostichal seta approximately ½ – 3 / 5 length of posterior dorsocentral. Acrostichal setulae in approximately 8 scattered rows. Intra post alar small. Katepisternum with 2 small additional setae. Fore tibia with one small medial seta. Mid femur with several moderately developed posterodistal setae. Colouration: Setae and setulae black, setulae becoming brown posteriorly on abdomen. Halter white with stem brownish. Calypter entirely white. Body dark brown with greenish-blue metallic shine; with relatively dense bluish-green pruinosity on head and thorax that is particularly evident on notum, ocellar triangle and orbital plate. Wing veins brown to light brown along anterior margin, becoming white posteriorly. Genitalia: Epandrium with large patch of ventromedial tubercle-like bristles on inner surface; fused to surstylus. Surstylus elongate, bare, very narrow and with small cluster of tubercle-like bristles on inner-distal margin. Cercus well developed. Hypandrium large, elongate and with long, narrow, subtriangular apodeme. Basiphallus with well sclerotized left lateral rod weakly connected to paler right distolateral section. Hypophallus dark, rod-like, longer than basiphallus and with apex upturned; mesophallus fused to long, membranous whip-like distiphallus with thin, lightly-sclerotized band along most of length. Ejaculatory apodeme with well sclerotized bowl-like pileus ejaculatorius; blade long, narrow, not distinguishable from stem. Host. Salicaceae — Populus, Salix (Spencer, 1974).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB19E13271E6FB79FCA1FCC7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Canary Islands, Egypt, Iraq, Israel, Italy, Kashmir, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Palestine, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Turkey, Ukraine (Spencer, 1990; Deeming, 2006). Syntypes. EGYPT. “ Lower Egypt ”, Gizeh, ex mines in willow leaves, F. C. Willcocks, iv. 1910 (♂ ♀, BMNH). [Not examined]	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB19E13271E6FB79FCA1FCC7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ISRAEL. Ilanot, 19. ix. 1971, Ex Populus, J. Halperin (1 ♂ 1 ♀ [same pin], BMNH). SPAIN. Tenerife, Orotava, Canar. Jns., 9. v. 1926, N 2867, Mine an Salix canariensis, O. & M. Hering (1 ♂, BMNH). TURKEY. Kocaeli Prov.: İzmit, 24. vi. 1970, Populus sp., C. I. E. A 4075 (1 ♀, CNC). Country unknown. [Illegible], 25. vii. 1962 (1 ♀, BMNH).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB19E13271E6FB79FCA1FCC7.taxon	discussion	Comments. Japanagromyza salicifolii is readily differentiated from other African congeners, not only by its north temperate distribution, but in its external and male genitalic morphology. The calypter and most wing veins are white, the halter is white with a brownish stem and the body is distinctly bluish. The surstylus is long and very narrow, the phallus is flagellate with a large, rod-like, perpendicular hypophallus (Fig. 27), and the ejaculatory apodeme is well developed and rod-like (Fig. 25). Japanagromyza parvula also likely occurs in Palaearctic Africa as it is known in the Arabian Peninsula as well as tropical Africa.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1AE13271E6FCD1FE52F980.taxon	description	Description. Wing length 1.8 – 1.9 mm (♀). Males unknown. Length of ultimate section of vein CuA 1 divided by penultimate section: 0.7 – 0.8; vein r-m before midpoint of cell dm. Eye height divided by gena height approximately 9.6 – 12.0. Margins of ocellar triangle not entirely distinct. Lunule slightly more pruinose than frons. Face with very shallow medial carina. Clypeus with relatively broad, straight anteromedial margin. Chaetotaxy: Ocellar seta barely longer than ocellar triangle (distinctly longer and thicker in other African species). Prescutellar acrostichal seta relatively small, less than 1 / 3 length of posterior dorsocentral. Katepisternum with additional 1 – 2 smaller setae. Fore tibia with one medial seta. Mid femur with curved posterodistal seta. Colouration: Setae and setulae black. Halter white with stem light brown to brown. Calypter margin and hairs light brown. Body dark brown with relatively distinct green shine (more so than in Afrotropical congeners). Wing veins becoming brownish-white posteriorly. Host. Unknown.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1AE13271E6FCD1FE52F980.taxon	distribution	Distribution. RSA.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1AE13271E6FCD1FE52F980.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA. Ndumo Game R., main road at: 26 ˚ 54.288 ’ S, 32 ˚ 17.974 ’ E, 4 – 8. xii. 2009, A. H. Kirk-Spriggs (7 ♀, BMSA).	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
03F68B67BB1AE13271E6FCD1FE52F980.taxon	discussion	Comments. This series of females is described because it is clearly distinct from other African Japanagromyza, but it is not provided with an official name because of the importance of male genitalic features in the diagnosis and definition species in this genus. The species is characterized by a relatively distinct greenish shine, a pale halter and wing veins, a short prescutellar acrostichal, relatively small size, and an atypical ocellar triangle and clypeus.	en	Lonsdale, Owen (2013): Japanagromyza Sasakawa (Diptera: Agromyzidae) of Africa. Zootaxa 3709 (5): 445-460, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3709.5.3
