identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E93173FFC557339DFD7E0A6CA6FE8E.text	03E93173FFC557339DFD7E0A6CA6FE8E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Blondeliini Robineau-Desvoidy 1863	<div><p>Tribe BLONDELIINI Robineau-Desvoidy, 1863</p> <p>Genus Leptostylum Macquart, 1851</p> <p>Leptostylum Macquart, 1851: 180. Type species: Leptostylum pulchellum Macquart, 1851, by original designation.</p> <p>Argyreomyia Townsend 1915: 426. Type species: Argyreomyia busckii Townsend (1915), by original designation; Townsend 1915: 426 (comparison to Hemiargyra Townsend, 1908 [junior synonym of Myiopharus Brauer and Bergenstamm, 1889, teste Guimarães 1971: 141; Townsend 1916a: 19 (comparison to Chrysometopiops Townsend, 1916); Townsend 1917: 124 (comparison to Erythroargyrops Townsend 1917); Townsend 1927: 266) (key to genera); Curran 1934: 497 (index, in synonymy with Leptostylum); Townsend 1941: 278 (catalogue, junior synonym of Leptostylum); Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue, junior synonym of Leptostylum); Wood (1985: 49) (catalogue, junior synonym of Leptostylum); Evenhuis et al. 2015: 52 (catalogue of Townsend’ s genera).</p> <p>Anaphorinia Townsend 1927: 266. Type species: Anaphorinia aurata Townsend 1927, by original designation; Townsend 1927: 266 (key to genera); Townsend 1936: 92 (key to genera, tribe Compsilurini), 95 (key to genera, tribe Compsilurini); Townsend 1940: 29 (description of genus); Guimarães 1971: 124 (catalogue, tribe Blondeliini); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue, in synonymy with Leptostylum); Evenhuis et al. 2015: 46 (catalogue of Townsend’ s genera); O’ Hara 2016: 7 (catalogue of Tachinidae genera, junior synonym of Leptostylum).</p> <p>Thelairalia Curran 1934: 470. Type species: Thelairalia fasciata Curran 1934, by original designation; Curran 1934: 436 (illustrations of wing and male head), 462 (key to genera); Townsend 1936: 258 (key to genera, tribe Trypherini); Townsend 1941: 319 (redescription of genus, comparison to Macrohoughia Townsend 1927); Guimarães 1971: 164 (catalogue, tribe Eumasicerini); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue, in synonymy with Leptostylum); O’ Hara 2016: 78 (catalogue of Tachinidae genera, junior synonym of Leptostylum).</p> <p>Anoxynopsoidea Thompson 1968: 61. Type species: Anoxynopsoidea grisea Thompson, 1968, by original designation; Thompson 1968: 9 (key to genera of Phorocerinae), 61 (comments on larval characters, comparison to Anoxynops conica Townsend 1927), 64 (comparison to Paranoxynops Thompson 1968), 65 (comparison to Paranoxynops); Guimarães (1971: 126) (catalogue, tribe Blondeliini); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue, in</p> <p>synonymy with Leptostylum); O’ Hara 2016: 8 (catalogue of Tachinidae genera, junior synonym of Leptostylum).</p> <p>Paranoxynops Thompson 1968: 64. Type species: Paranoxynops curepeiensis Thompson 1968, by original designation; Thompson 1968: 8 (key to genera of Phorocerinae); Guimarães 1971: 145 (catalogue, tribe Blondeliini); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue, in synonymy with Leptostylum); O’ Hara 2016: 60 (catalogue of Tachinidae genera, junior synonym of Leptostylum).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFC557339DFD7E0A6CA6FE8E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
03E93173FFC257319DD97A596F31FF14.text	03E93173FFC257319DD97A596F31FF14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylum auratum (Townsend 1927)	<div><p>Leptostylum auratum (Towsend, 1927)</p> <p>(Figure 1)</p> <p>Leptostylum auratum (Townsend), Townsend 1927: 266 (Anaphorinia). Lectotype, female (USNM), and paralectotypes, two males (MZSP). Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Itaquaquecetuba.</p> <p>Anaphorinia aurata; Townsend 1927: 266 (type designation), 285 (description); Townsend 1928: 150 (comparison to Anaphorinia paraguayana Townsend 1928 [junior synonym of Chaetoxynops chaetosus Townsend 1928, teste Guimarães 1971: 104]); Townsend 1936: 92 (key to genera, tribe Compsilurini); Townsend 1940: 29 (catalogue); Guimarães 1971: 124 (catalogue); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue, new combination to Leptostylum); Toma and Nihei 2006: 245 (comments on type material deposited at MZSP); Evenhuis et al. 2015: 46 (catalogue of Townsend’ s genera).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>According to article 31.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1999), a species-group name that ends in a Latin adjective must agree in gender with its respective generic name at any time combined. Since aurata is the Latin feminine declension for the adjective auratus (i.e. golden, Brown 1954), the synonymy (Wood 1985) of Anaphorinia, feminine, to Leptostylum, neuter, implies changing the species-group name to auratum. This species was not included in Wood (1985), thus generating confusion when spelling the species-group name. Additionally, some considerations regarding type material deposited at MZSP need to be made. Although Townsend determined specimens of Anaphorinia aurata as paratypes (Figure 1g); a holotype was not designated in the original description (Townsend 1927). Nevertheless, the female specimen from the type series deposited at USNM was designated as lectotype by D.M. Wood, as registered on the USNM Entomology Collection website. Type material of this species is, therefore, constituted by one female lectotype and two male paralectotypes. Both paralectotypes were listed by Toma and Nihei (2006) as paratypes [sic] of Anaphorinia aurata deposited at MZSP, one in perfect condition (Figure 1) and the other very damaged (without legs, antennae, wings and setae, and with torn abdomen). However, it seems the second specimen is missing from the collection, since it could not be found.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFC257319DD97A596F31FF14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
03E93173FFC057319DF77D78696CFDF9.text	03E93173FFC057319DF77D78696CFDF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylum curepeiense (Thompson 1968)	<div><p>Leptostylum curepeiense (Thompson, 1968)</p> <p>Leptostylum curepeiense (Thompson), 1968: 64 (Paranoxynops). Holotype male (CNC). Type locality: Trinidad, Curepe.</p> <p>Paranoxynops curepeiensis; Thompson 1968: 67 (illustration of male terminalia); Guimarães 1971: 145 (catalogue); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue).</p> <p>Leptostylum curepeiense; Wood 1985: 50 (included species, new combination).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFC057319DF77D78696CFDF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
03E93173FFC057319DD37E6E697EFCC5.text	03E93173FFC057319DD37E6E697EFCC5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylum fasciatum (Curran 1934)	<div><p>Leptostylum fasciatum (Curran, 1934)</p> <p>Leptostylum fasciatum (Curran), 1934: 470 (Thelairalia). Holotype male (AMNH). Type locality: Panama, Canal Zone, Corozal.</p> <p>Thelairalia fasciata, Townsend 1936: 258 (key to genera, tribe Trypherini); Townsend 1941: 319 (catalogue); Guimarães 1971: 164 (catalogue, tribe Eumasicerini); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue).</p> <p>Leptostylum fasciatum, Wood, 1985: 50 (included species, new combination).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFC057319DD37E6E697EFCC5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
03E93173FFC057319DF77F2A6936FBAE.text	03E93173FFC057319DF77F2A6936FBAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylum flavocalyptratum (Wulp 1890)	<div><p>Leptostylum flavocalyptratum (Wulp, 1890)</p> <p>Leptostylum flavocalyptratum (Wulp), 1890: 147 (Hypostena). Holotype male [described as female, see Wood 1985] (BMNH). Type locality: Costa Rica, Volcán de Irazú.</p> <p>Anoxynops flavocalyptratus, Guimarães 1971: 126 (catalogue, tribe Blondeliini, new combination to Anoxynops).</p> <p>Leptostylum flavocalyptratum, Wood 1985: 50 (included species, new combination).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFC057319DF77F2A6936FBAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
03E93173FFC057319DDF78C36E94FA6A.text	03E93173FFC057319DDF78C36E94FA6A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylum griseum (Thompson 1968)	<div><p>Leptostylum griseum (Thompson, 1968)</p> <p>Leptostylum griseum (Thompson), 1968: 61 (Anoxynopsoidea). Holotype male (CNC). Trinidad, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture (ICTA).</p> <p>Anoxynopsoidea grisea, Thompson 1968: 58 (illustrations of male terminalia and cephaloskeleton of first instar larva); Guimarães 1971: 126 (catalogue, tribe Blondeliini); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue).</p> <p>Leptostylum griseum, Wood 1985: 50 (included species, new combination).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFC057319DDF78C36E94FA6A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
03E93173FFC057309D1B799F691BF9BE.text	03E93173FFC057309D1B799F691BF9BE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae (Townsend 1929)	<div><p>Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae (Townsend, 1929)</p> <p>(Figures 2, 3)</p> <p>Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae (Townsend), 1929: 375 (Argyreomyia). Syntypes, nine males (USNM) and two females (USNM and MZSP). Type locality: Brazil, São Paulo, Itaquaquecetuba.</p> <p>Argyreomyia itaquaquecetubae; Townsend 1941: 278 (new combination to Leptostylum); Toma and Nihei 2006: 245 (comments on type material deposited at MZSP).</p> <p>Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae, Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue); Wood 1985: 49 (comparison to L. leuconotum and L. pulchellum).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>The type material of L. itaquaquecetubae is a series of 11 syntypes. Two specimens determined to be L. itaquaquecetubae are labeled as types in the MZSP collection (Figures 2, 3). One syntype is very damaged (Figure 2), lacking many important structures, as already pointed out by Toma and Nihei (2006). According to label data, this specimen corresponds to a female (Figure 2d). The second female specimen labeled as type (Figure 3), though, is not from the original series used in the description of Argyreomyia itaquaquecetubae (Townsend 1916a). This claim is also based on label data, whose date of collection (Figure 3c) does not match those from the original description. Additionally, although it clearly belongs to Leptostylum, the specimen is determined to be Muscinothelaira lutzi Townsend, whose holotype is deposited at USNM collection (Townsend 1916b). Therefore, only one syntype of L. itaquaquecetubae is deposited at the MZSP collection.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFC057309D1B799F691BF9BE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
03E93173FFC1573D9DD47AD36E6BFF14.text	03E93173FFC1573D9DD47AD36E6BFF14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylum leuconotum (Wulp 1892)	<div><p>Leptostylum leuconotum (Wulp, 1892)</p> <p>(Figure 4)</p> <p>Leptostylum leuconotum (Wulp), 1892: 195 (Exorista). Holotype male (described as female, see Wood 1985) (BMNH). Type locality: Mexico, Guerrero, Amula.</p> <p>Exorista leuconota, Wulp 1900: 482 [redescription of species, comparison to Exorista flavirostris Wulp, 1890 (included in Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, teste Sellers 1943: 60)]; Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue, new combination to Leptostylum); Papavero and Ibáñez-Bernal 2003: 212 (catalogue, as Leptostylum).</p> <p>Argyreomyia busckii Townsend 1915: 426. Holotype male (USNM). Type locality: Panama, Porto Bello; Townsend 1931: 179 (in synonymy with L. pulchellum); Townsend 1941: 278 (new combination to Leptostylum); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue), 50 (in synonymy with L. leuconotum); Evenhuis et al. 2015: 52 (catalogue of Townsend’ s genera).</p> <p>Leptostylum busckii, Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue).</p> <p>Leptostylum leuconotum, Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue); Wood 1985: 49 (comparison to L. itaquaquecetubae and L. pulchellum), 50 (included species); 116 (illustration of male abdomen exhibiting sexual patches, ventral view); Papavero and Ibáñez-Bernal 2003: 212 (catalogue); Wood and Zumbado 2010: 1388 (illustration of male abdomen exhibiting sexual patches, ventral view), 1407 (distribution).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Wood (1985) suggested that L. leuconotum and L. itaquaquecetubae are synonymous with L. pulchellum. Indeed, L. leuconotum shares with these two species a sex patch only on tergite 4, and densely haired eyes. However, it exhibits strikingly differences among Leptostylum species, such as head and body entirely covered by whitish pruinosity and constricted frontal vitta (Figure 4a–d). There are four male specimens in MZSP that probably are L. leuconotum. Specimens are from Nova Friburgo and Tijuca Forest (city of Rio de Janeiro), state of Rio de Janeiro. One additional male (Figure 4) was collected by the authors from Serra da Cantareira, city of São Paulo, state of São Paulo. Leptostylum leuconotum is registered in Mexico and Panama (Guimarães 1971; Wood 1985). Additional studies of male terminalia could confirm the identity of these specimens as L. leuconotum or as a new species of Leptostylum, with affinities to this species. About nomenclatural acts made for A. busckii, see remarks section for L. pulchellum below.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFC1573D9DD47AD36E6BFF14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
03E93173FFCC57389D1C7D7869FDFA9C.text	03E93173FFCC57389D1C7D7869FDFA9C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylum oligothrix Gudin and Messas 2018	<div><p>Leptostylum oligothrix Gudin and Messas sp. nov.</p> <p>(Figures 5, 6)</p> <p>Type material examined</p> <p>Holotype male (Figure 5a–c,g,i–k): ‘ Brasil, SP, Jundiaí/Arredores Base Ecológica da/Serra do Japi/23°13 ʹ 53.82 ʹ S 46°56 ʹ 08.84 ″ W / 05.v.2016, pupa: 22.iv.2016 /Messas Y. col.’/‘Hosp [host]: Automeris naranja aff./(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)/Coletada em [collected on] 20.iv.2016 ’/ ‘Holótipo [red label]’ (MZSP). Paratypes: 9 males (two dissected), 12 females (two dissected): ‘ Brasil, SP, Jundiaí/Arredores Base Ecológica da/Serra do Japi/23°13 ʹ 53.82 ʹ S 46°56 ʹ 08.84 ″ W / 05.v.2016, pupa: 22.iv.2016 /Messas Y. col.’/‘Hosp [host]: Automeris naranja aff./(Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)/Coletada em [collected on] 20.iv.2016 ’/‘Parátipo [green label]’ (MZSP).</p> <p>Type locality</p> <p>Brazil, São Paulo, Jundiaí.</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The name refers to the low density of the ommatrichia. ‘Oligos’ (Greek) = few, scanty; ‘thrix’ (Greek) = hair.</p> <p>Diagnosis</p> <p>Leptostylum oligothrix sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Leptostylum by having ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate with golden pruinosity, contrasting to silver pruinosity of the head (Figure 5a–f); ocellar setae well developed (Figure 5a,d); eyes sparsely haired, with short ommatrichia; palpi yellowish; tegula and basicosta black; calypteres white, with yellowish border; basal dorsal surface of tergites 3, 4 and 5 with faint yellowish pruinosity; sex patches on tergites 3, 4 and 5 (Figure 5k); postgonite subtrapezoidal, narrowing towards apex, with slight bend at apex (Figure 6a). According to type localities, L. auratum, L. itaquaquecetubae and, probably, L. pulchellum are also distributed through Atlantic Forest. However, all of them present densely haired eyes (Figure 1c). Additionally, L. auratum differs from L. oligothrix sp. nov. by having head, thorax and abdomen entirely covered by golden pruinosity (Figure 1a–d); thorax with four distinct, black presutural vitta; and yellow calypteres (Figure 1e). Leptostylum itaquaquecetubae differs from L. oligothrix sp. nov. by having head entirely covered with silver pruinosity; ocellar setae hair like; and sex patch only on tergite 4 (also characteristic of L. pulchellum). Leptostylum leuconotum is easily distinguished by the constricted frontal vitta (Figure 4a,b) and whitish pruinosity (Figure 4d). Leptostylum griseum and L. curepeiense present bare eyes and different shapes of postgonite (Thompson 1968). There is no information about eye pilosity in L. fasciatum and L. flavocalyptratum, however. Nevertheless, according to the original descriptions, these species present distinct colour and pruinosity patterns from those of L. oligothrix sp. nov.</p> <p>Description of holotype</p> <p>Body length. 6.32 mm. Wing length: 5.05 mm.</p> <p>Colouration. Head pruinosity silver, except ocellar triangle and fronto-orbital plate, with golden pruinosity to the level of the second anterior frontal seta (Figure 5a,b). Frontal vitta and lunule dark brown. Antenna black, first flagellomere covered with fine microtrichia, giving a greyish tone. Parafacial, gena, facial ridge and face grey. Clypeus black. Palpi yellowish. Labella reddish-brown. Occiput grey. Thorax pruinosity silver, except scutum and scutellum, with faint yellowish pruinosity (Figure 5g). Scutum black, with four weak, thin, grey presutural vitta, not reaching the suture; postsutural area with one dark, median spot, extending about halfway to scutellum. Lateral surface of thorax and spiracles shining black (Figure 5i). Scutellum and subscutellum black. Wing hyaline (Figure 5j). Tegula and basicosta black. Veins light brown. Halter brown at the base, becoming light yellow at the apex. Calypteres white, with yellowish border. Legs black. Tarsal claws black. Pulvilli yellowish. Abdomen pruinosity silver, except basal dorsal surface of tergites 3, 4 and 5, with faint yellowish pruinosity (Figure 5g). Tergite 1 + 2 shining black. Tergites 3, 4 and 5 apical half shining black. Sex patches black (Figure 5k).</p> <p>Head. (Figure 5a–c). Ratio of head height/head width 1.34. Ratio of frontal vitta width/fronto-orbital plate width 0.86. Dichoptic. Eye sparsely haired, with short ommatrichia. Antenna inserted in the middle level of the eye, reaching lower facial margin. Scape short. Pedicel dorsally setulose. First flagellomere subrectangular, about 4.7 times longer than pedicel. Arista bare, long, with base pubescent, arising in basal dorsal surface of first flagellomere. Frontal setae five, from level of anterior margin of pedicel to proclinate ocellar seta level, second and fifth setae stronger, subequal to posterior reclinate orbital seta length, first and third setae weaker, about two-thirds the length of fifth, and fourth seta weak, about one-third the length of fifth. Proclinate orbital seta strong, subequal to anterior reclinate orbital seta length. Posterior reclinate orbital seta about two-thirds the length of anterior reclinate orbital seta. Ocellar triangle densely setulose, with one pair of proclinate ocellar setae, subequal to postocellar setae length, arising posterolaterally to anterior ocellus. Anterior ocellus twice the size of posterior ocelli. Postocellar setae two. Inner vertical setae reclinate, subparallel. Outer vertical setae weaker, about one-fifth the length of inner vertical. Fronto-orbital plate setulose to the level of second anterior frontal seta. Parafacial bare, about half the width of fronto-orbital plate, tapering slightly towards the lower margin of eye. Facial ridge bare, except on lowest one-fourth, with three, weak supravibrissal setae. Vibrissa strong and crossed, arising at the level of lower facial margin, with one subvibrissal seta. Face flat, not protruding in lateral view. Genal setae three, with gena about 0.1 times the height of head in lateral view. Genal dilation and postgena setulose, with patches of long, silver setulae. Clypeus U-shaped. Palpi clavate. Prementum short, setulose. Labella padlike.</p> <p>Thorax. (Figure 5g,i,j). Prosternum setulose. Proepimeral setae two, strong, upcurved, with setulae at the base. Anterior spiracle with anterior lappet developed, covering almost entire opening. Posterior spiracle with posterior lappet shaped as an operculum. Postpronotal setae three, in a slight arc, with inner seta weaker. Acrostichal setae 3 + 3. Dorsocentral setae 2 + 3. Intra-alar setae 2 + 3. Supra-alar setae 2 + 3, with first postsutural seta weaker than the second, strong and subequal to posterior postalar seta length. Notopleural setae two, subequal to outer postpronotal seta length. Postalar setae two, with anterior weaker. Katepisternal setae two, divergent, with posterior seta stronger. Anepisternum anterodorsal corner with three weak setae, about one-fourth the length of notopleural setae, and posterior row with six setae. Anepimeral seta one, with patch of setulae at the base. Meral setae five. Basal scutellar setae slightly convergent. Lateral scutellar setae subparallel, shorter than subapical setae. Subapical scutellar setae divergent. Apical scutellar setae crossed, weak, subequal to discal setae length. Discal scutellar setae arising at the level of subapical setae. Wing: Vein C ending at R4 + 5, just before wing apex. Vein R4 + 5 dorsally setose more than halfway to crossvein r-m. Bend of M obtuse, sharply curved to wing margin. Cell r4 + 5 open, with opening length subequal to crossvein r-m. Legs: Fore femur with dorsal and posteroventral rows of setae from base to apex; anterodorsal row of setae from mid to apex. Fore tibia with anterodorsal row of setae from base to mid, one strong preapical seta; two posterior setae. Mid femur with anterior setae, arranged in a row of three setae and one strong seta. Mid tibia with two anterior setae; three posterodorsal setae; one strong, posteroventral apical seta; one strong, mid ventral seta; one strong, anteroventral seta. Hind femur with two strong, anteroventral setae interspersed by weaker setae. Hind tibia with anterodorsal row of setae from base to apex, with mid seta strong; one dorsal apical seta; three strong, posterodorsal setae, interspersed by weaker setae. Tarsal claws short, smaller than last tarsomere.</p> <p>Abdomen. (Figure 5g,k). Subtriangular, tapering towards posterior end. Syntergite 1 + 2 with mid-dorsal depression extending more than halfway to hind margin. Syntergite 1 + 2 and tergite 3 with one pair of lateral marginal and one pair of median marginal setae. Tergite 4 with row of eight marginal setae. Tergite 5 with irregular row of discal and marginal setae. Sex patches on ventral surface of tergites 3, 4 and 5. Sternites completely overlapped by tergites.</p> <p>Terminalia. (Figure 6a). Sternite 5 subtrapezoidal; posterior margin with a pair of projected lobes; inner margin of lobes covered with short microtrichia. Bacilliform sclerite slender, curved towards hypandrial arms. Hypandrial arms free, not fused. Surstylus, in posterior view, thin, about two-thirds cercus width; not fused with epandrium; shorter than cercus, extending to the beginning of apical quarter of cercus; straight, with short setae on outer surface. Phallapodeme flat, subequal to hypandrium length. Ejaculatory apodeme small, bent, with upper area globose. Aedeagus with epiphallus perpendicular to basiphallus, about one-third postgonite length. Basiphallus and distiphallus not articulated, without bend; anterior sclerite of distiphallus with anterior margin slightly serrated. Pregonite subtriangular, with anterior margin deeply fused with hypandrium; posterior margin with four setae in apical half. Postgonite subtrapezoidal, narrowing towards apex, with slight bend at apex; about two-thirds pregonite length. Cerci, in posterior view, not fused, with narrow median cleft; covered with setae; basal three-quarters width evenly narrowed to apex, with apical quarter smoothly narrow; in lateral view, wider than surstylus width.</p> <p>Variation found in male paratypes</p> <p>Body length. 6.04–7.68 mm (mean = 6.82 mm; n = 9). Wing length: 4.02–5.64 mm (mean = 5.17; n = 9).</p> <p>Head. Ratio of head height/head width 1.28–1.38 (mean = 1.33). Ratio of frontal vitta width/fronto-orbital plate width 0.64–0.89 (mean = 0.81). Ratio of first flagellomere length/pedicel length 2.07–4.31 (mean = 3.06). Frontal setae 4–5, with fourth seta sometimes missing.</p> <p>Description of female paratypes</p> <p>Differs from male as follows: Body length: 5.41–6.38 mm (mean = 6.05 mm; n = 10). Wing length: 4.50–5.12 mm (mean = 4.88 mm; n = 10).</p> <p>Colouration. Fronto-orbital plate with golden pruinosity varying from second to fourth anterior frontal seta (Figure 5d,e).</p> <p>Head (Figure 5d–f). Ratio of head height/head width 1.33–1.44 (mean = 1.39). Ratio of frontal vitta width/fronto-orbital plate width 0.68–0.90 (mean = 0.81). Ratio of first flagellomere length/pedicel length 2.15–3.60 (mean = 2.72). Proclinate orbital setae two, with anterior seta arising between last frontal and anterior reclinate orbital setae and posterior seta between the latter and posterior reclinate orbital setae.</p> <p>Abdomen (Figure 5h). Ellipsoidal, tapering towards posterior end. Without sex patches.</p> <p>Terminalia (Figure 6b). Telescoped. Tergites 6, 7 and 8 as paired lateral plates, setose, except tergite 8, bare. Epiproct small, bare. Both spiracles 6 and 7 situated in membrane. Sternites bare; sternite 7 anterior margin with median projection. Hypoproct bare, subtriangular, forked, apex of arms bent ventrally, with inward projection. Cerci free, setulose.</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>This species was determined in Leptostylum through the valuable keys for New World Blondeliini (Wood 1985) and Central America Tachinidae (Wood and Zumbado 2010). The couplets to Leptostylum in both keys, however, imply that all species of the genus have densely haired eyes, which is not the case of L. oligothrix sp. nov. and other species of the genus. In spite of that, L. oligothrix sp. nov. exhibits all genus characters, such as males with only one pair of proclinate orbital setae, facial ridge bare, short tarsal claws and male with sex patches present on ventral surface of tergites. The proposition of this new species is based mainly on comparison with type material deposited at MZSP and original descriptions. Female terminalia of L. oligothrix sp. nov. follow a similar structure described by Herting (1957) for oviparous Exoristini and Winthemiini (both in Exoristinae), with a small and simplified sternite 8 and a forked hypoproct with apical projections. However, the forked hypoproct of the species included in that study do not present arms as developed as viewed in L. oligothrix sp. nov., especially with the development of inner projections and bends at the apex (Figure 6b). Unfortunately, female terminalia descriptions of oviparous Blondeliini with telescoped ovipositor are extremely scarce in literature, precluding additional comparisons for Leptostylum. Although Cantrell (1988) had included some oviparous Blondellini species with telescoped ovipositor in his study, the hypoproct is briefly described and poorly illustrated.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFCC57389D1C7D7869FDFA9C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
03E93173FFC957259DE079F16C25FCFB.text	03E93173FFC957259DE079F16C25FCFB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leptostylum pulchellum , Macquart 1851	<div><p>Leptostylum pulchellum Macquart, 1851</p> <p>Leptostylum pulchellum Macquart 1851: 180. Holotype male (described as female, see Wood 1985) (MNHN). Type locality: Brazil, Bahia.</p> <p>Leptostylum pulchellum, Macquart 1851: 285 (plate 19, illustrations of dorsal habitus, head and antenna); Townsend 1892: 18 (catalogue); Townsend 1931: 179 (in synonymy with Argyreomyia busckii Townsend); Townsend 1936: 245 (key to genera, tribe Trypherini); Townsend 1941: 278 (catalogue); Guimarães 1971: 137 (catalogue); Wood 1985: 49 (catalogue, comparison to L. itaquaquecetubae and L. leuconotum); Wood and Zumbado 2010: 1407 (comparison to L. leuconotum); Evenhuis et al. 2016: 77 (catalogue of Macquart’ s genera).</p> <p>Remarks</p> <p>Although the validity of L. pulchellum has not been questioned since its proposition, some brief, but still important, changes were made in its classification. The genus Argyreomyia Townsend, 1915, was described long after Leptostylum Macquart, 1851, with A. busckii as genotype (Townsend 1915). Later, another species, A. itaquaquecetubae, was described (Townsend 1929). When examining MNHN’ s collection, Townsend put L. pulchellum in synonymy with A. busckii (Townsend 1931). However, when redescribing Leptostylum in his Manual of Myology, Townsend revalidated A. busckii as a valid species of Leptostylum (Townsend 1941). Therefore, there were three valid species of Leptostylum at the time: L. pulchellum, L. busckii and L. itaquaquecetubae.</p> <p>Furthermore, Wood (1985) considered the possibility of L. itaquaquecetubae and L. leuconotum being synonymous with L. pulchellum, based on a few characters. Differences between L. leuconotum and both species were already pointed out in the Remarks section on L. leuconotum. Indeed, L. itaquaquecetubae shares with L. leuconotum many characters provided by Wood (1985) and by the original descriptions (Macquart 1851; Townsend 1929). However, more specimens derived from respective type localities of both species are needed to resolve this issue.</p> <p>Hosts of Leptostylum</p> <p>Host record of Leptostylum oligothrix sp. nov.</p> <p>At 08:30 on 20 April 2016 a fifth-instar specimen of Automeris naranja was found on a leaf of shrub vegetation, at 1.5 m above the ground (Figure 7a). The specimen presented an unusual behaviour, with sluggish and weak movements. After collection, the caterpillar died at night, attached to the leaf through its abdominal legs (Figure 7b). The next morning, 24 larvae of L. oligothrix sp. nov. (Figure 7c) were observed emerging from a single hole located in the lateromedial portion of the caterpillar body. Larvae began to pupate on the same day, with all specimens finishing the development of the puparium by the next day. Puparia, initially with a light brown colour, gradually changed to a dark brown colouration over a period of approximately 12 hours (Figure 7c,d). The first and the last adult fly emerged after 11 and 13 days, respectively. Only two adults did not emerge from their puparia. The sex ratio was not biased (0.83), since 10 males and 12 females were obtained. This is the first record of Leptostylum with identification at the species level; see host catalogue section.</p> <p>Regarding oviposition strategies of Leptostylum, a trustworthy inference is still difficult to make. Blondeliini is a complex and diverse tribe, including oviparous and ovolarviparous species with different shapes of ovipositors (Herting 1960; Wood 1985; Cantrell 1988). However, although there are no records of life cycle and oviposition strategies for Leptostylum species, the telescopic and simple shape of female terminalia of L. oligothrix sp. nov. suggests a direct oviposition on the host’ s cuticle, as observed on similar terminalia of other tachinid species (Cantrell 1988). Whether eggs are embryonated or unembryonated, though, it is not possible to know.</p> <p>Host catalogue of Leptostylum</p> <p>Despite the fact that all known host records for species of Leptostylum are from saturniid caterpillars, Wood and Zumbado (2010) mentioned that host records for the genus are extensive for other families of Lepidoptera, based on the results of a project conducted by Janzen and Hallwachs (2009) with caterpillars in Costa Rica. This project provided a large data set of new host records for many parasitoids, including Tachinidae (Fleming et al. 2014a, 2014b, 2015a, 2015b, 2015c, 2015d, 2016a, 2016b, 2017a, 2017b). Preliminary results indicate many new host records for Leptostylum species, which should be published as soon as these species are determined or described (D.H. Janzen 2017 pers. comm., email to FMG). Therefore, host records included in the host catalogue below are based only on officially published literature.</p> <p>Leptostylum oligothrix Gudin and Messas sp. nov.</p> <p>Host. Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae Automeris naranja Schaus Gudin and Messas: 24 puparia, Brazil, São Paulo, Jundiaí, Base Ecológica da Serra do Japi.</p> <p>Leptostylum spp.</p> <p>Host. Lepidoptera: Saturniidae: Hemileucinae Automeris abdominalis Felder and Rogenhofer Stireman et al. 2009: 2 puparia (Leptostilum sp. 1a), Ecuador, Napo, Quijos Valley, YBS; 1 puparium (Leptostylum sp. 3), Ecuador, Napo, Quijos Valley, YBS.</p> <p>Automeris liberia (Cramer) Jacobson 1991: 33 puparia, Peru, Pasco, Villa Rica.</p> <p>Gamelia neidhoeferi Lemaire</p> <p>Stireman et al. 2009: 2 puparia (Leptostilum sp. 1), Ecuador, Napo, Quijos Valley, YBS.</p> <p>Paradirphia geneforti Bouvier</p> <p>Stireman et al. 2009: 1 puparium (Leptostilum sp. 4), Ecuador, Napo, Quijos Valley, YBS.</p> <p>Pseudoautomeris yourii Lemaire</p> <p>Stireman et al. 2009: 2 puparia (Leptostilum sp. 1), Ecuador, Napo, Quijos Valley, YBS.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E93173FFC957259DE079F16C25FCFB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gudin, Filipe Macedo;Messas, Yuri Fanchini	Gudin, Filipe Macedo, Messas, Yuri Fanchini (2018): On taxonomy and hosts of Leptostylum Macquart, 1851 (Diptera: Tachinidae: Blondeliini), with description of a new species and a new host record. Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (21 - 22): 1395-1415, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1463405
