identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E9EC0CFFF39139FD92AC0ECE26FB48.text	03E9EC0CFFF39139FD92AC0ECE26FB48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penthalodes Murray 1877	<div><p>Genus Penthalodes Murray, 1877</p> <p>Type species: Megamerus ovalis Dugés, 1834, by original designation.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9EC0CFFF39139FD92AC0ECE26FB48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Khaustov, Alexander A.;Kravchenko, Sergey V.	Khaustov, Alexander A., Kravchenko, Sergey V. (2023): First record of the genus Penthalodes (Acari: Eupodoidea: Penthalodidae) from Russia, with description of a new species. Persian Journal of Acarology 12 (2): 161-172, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v12i2.80042
03E9EC0CFFF3913EFE5CACBBCEC1F7AC.text	03E9EC0CFFF3913EFE5CACBBCEC1F7AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Penthalodes caucasicus Khaustov & Kravchenko 2023	<div><p>Penthalodes caucasicus sp. nov. (Figs. 1–7)</p> <p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A7F6E478-5D29-45F9-8404-AFD18E7E49B3</p> <p>Description (female, n = 6)</p> <p>Idiosoma – Ovate, egg-shaped (Fig. 5F). Length of idiosoma including epirostrum 480 (445– 490), greatest width 350 (330–370). Dorsum of idiosoma with characteristic Y-shaped impression (Fig. 4A). Dorsal integument with numerous pointed and hooked distally cuticular projections usually forming polygonal ornamentation (Figs. 4B, C; 5A). Naso small, ovate, located far from anterior margin of idiosoma and densely covered by tiny cuticular projections (Figs. 4B–D); in specimens mounted on slides naso usually hided under anterior part of prodorsum (Fig. 1A). Eyes ovoid, covered with numerous cuticular projections and located posteromesad setae sc2 (Fig. 4B). Epirostrum trilobed, with numerous cuticular projections as on dorsal idiosoma (Fig. 4E); lateral lobes more than half as long as median one (Fig. 1A), in some specimens poorly visible; median lobe subtriangular in shape, with rounded distal end. Setae v1 very small 5 (4–6), smooth and pointed, located on naso (Fig. 4D); their bases widely separated; trichobothria sc1 59 (59) pilose in basal part and with long sparsely distributed projections in distal part (Fig. 5A); setae v2, sc2, c1, c2, d1, e1, f1, f2, h1, and h2 subequal (25–30), of complex shape, pilose in basal half and with 3–4 long and pointed branches (Figs. 4B, C, 5B, C). Lyrifissures ia, im, ip, and ih long, slit-like; ia located posterolaterad setae c1, im posterolaterad setae d1, ip anterolaterad f1, and ih anterolaterad ps3. Ventral idiosoma with short, simple cuticular projections (Figs. 5B, E, F). All ventral setae plumose. Genital valves with nine pairs of genital setae, one of which located laterally (Fig. 5E); 10 pairs of aggenital setae and one pair of pseudanal setae. Primary genital opening with seven pairs of pilose eugenital setae and two pairs of large genital papillae (Fig. 5E). Epimeral formula: 2(1b, 1с) –1(2b) –2(3b, 3c) –2(4b, 4c); three pairs of intercoxal setae (1a, 3a, 4a). Coxisternal fields I with characteristic tubercles.</p> <p>Gnathosoma (Figs. 2, 6A–C) – Chelicerae without setae; dorsal surface with numerous tiny cuticular projections, ventral surface smooth; fixed digit bifid distally; movable digit (dm) strongly sclerotized and characteristically bent (Figs. 2A, 6A). Subcapitulum with short, smooth adoral setae or 1 and or 2, located subterminally on membranous malae (Figs. 6B, C); subcapitular setae sbc1 and sbc2 subequal, plumose. Palp (Figs. 2B, 6C) 155 (145–160) long; number of setae and solenidia on palp segments: 0–2–3–9(1); setae p’, p” and acm of palptarsus pilose in basal half and with spoon-like distal half (Fig. 2B), other palpal setae plumose; solenidion ω 5 (4–5) on palptarsus located in depression (Fig. 6C); palptarsus about twice longer than its width. Palptibia with spiniform ventrodistal process. Coxal supracoxal seta not evident.</p> <p>Legs (Figs. 3, 6C–F, 7) – Integument on leg segments with relatively big and tiny cuticular projections (Figs. 6C–F, 7A–F). Relative lengths of legs: I&gt; IV&gt; III&gt; II. Lengths of legs: I 350 (345–355), II 270 (265–275), III 280 (275–285), IV 335 (330–340). Femora not divided. Leg I (Figs. 3A, B, 6C–F, 7A, F): supracoxal seta el smooth, setiform, hardly visible dorsally posteriad trochanter; setal formula: Tr–1 (v’), Fe–9 (d, l’, l”, v’, v”, bv”, d1, v1’, l1’), Ge–5(1+1 k) (d, l’, l”, v’, v”, 1 σ, 1 k), Ti–6(2+1) (d, l’, l”, v’, v”, v1’, 2 φ, 1 k), Ta–23(3+1) (pd, ft’, ft”, tc’, tc”, it’, it”, p’, p”, u’, u”, pv’, pv”, pl’, pl”, v1’, v1”, v2’, v2”, v3’, v3”, v4’, v4”, 3 ω, 1 ε). Famulus ε 4 (3–4) smooth, short, blunt-tipped, located in depression anterolaterad setae ft” (Figs. 6C, E); famulus k on tibia very small, spiniform, located in depression together with solenidion φ1 (Fig. 7A); famulus k on genu very short, spiniform, located dorsally near distal margin of segment; solenidia φ2 9 (8–9) on tibia and σ 12 (11–12) on genu short, baculiform. Rhagidial organ I consist of three semierect solenidia arranged in longitudinal line in one shallow depression (Figs. 6C, D); lengths of solenidia: ω1 9 (8–10), ω2 10 (8–10), ω3 10 (8–10). All setae of trochanter and femur, as well as setae l’ and (v) of genu pointed, plumose in basal half and smooth in distal half (Fig. 7F); other leg setae plumose with short smooth blunt-ended tip (Fig. 6C). Leg II (Figs. 3C, D, 7B–E): setal formula: Tr– 1 (v’), Fe–8(d, l’, l”, v’, bv”, d1, v1’, l1’), Ge–5(1+1) (d, l’, l”, v’, v”, 1 σ, 1 k), Ti–6(2) (d, l’, l”, v’, v”, v1’, 2 φ), Ta–16(3+1) (pd, ft’, tc’, tc”, it’, it”, p’, p”, u’, u”, pv’, pv”, v1’, v1”, v2’, v2”, 3 ω, 1 ε). Famulus ε 3 (3) smooth, short, blunt-tipped, semierect, located laterad solenidion ω1 (Figs. 7B, C); famulus k on genu very short, spiniform, located dorsally near distal margin of segment; solenidion φ1 on tibia situated in depression (Figs. 7D, E); solenidia φ2 9 (8–9) on tibia and σ 10 (9–10) on genu short, baculiform. Rhagidial organ II consist of three semierect solenidia arranged in longitudinal line in one shallow depression (Figs. 7B, C); lengths of solenidia: ω1 10 (8–10), ω2 9 (8–19), ω3 9 (8–10). All setae of trochanter and femur, as well as setae l’ and (v) of genu pointed, plumose in basal half and smooth in distal half; other leg setae plumose with short smooth blunt-ended tip (Fig. 6C). Leg III setal formula: Tr–1 (v’), Fe–6(d, l’, v’, ev’, d1, l1’), Ge–5(1) (d, l’, l”, v’, v”, 1 σ), Ti–6(1) (d, l’, l”, v’, v”, v1’, φ), Ta–15 (ft’, tc’, tc”, it’, it”, p’, p”, u’, u”, pv’, pv”, v1’, v1”, v2’, v2”). Solenidia φ 8 (7–9) on tibia and σ 9 (8–9) on genu short, baculiform. All setae of trochanter and femur, as well as setae l’ and (v) of genu pointed, plumose in basal half and smooth in distal half; other leg setae plumose with short smooth blunt-ended tip. Leg IV (Figs. 3G, H): setal formula: Tr–1 (v’), Fe–4(d, v’, ev’, d1), Ge–4(1) (d, l’, v’, v”, 1 σ), Ti–6(1) (d, l’, l”, v’, v”, v1’, φ), Ta–15 (ft’, tc’, tc”, it’, it”, p’, p”, u’, u”, pv’, pv”, v1’, v1”, v2’, v2”). Solenidia φ 9 (8–9) on tibia and σ 10 (8–10) on genu short, baculiform. All setae of trochanter and femur, as well as most setae of genu (except d) pointed, plumose in basal half and smooth in distal half; setae (it), (p) and (u) widened distally, plumose; other leg setae plumose.</p> <p>Male and immatures unknown.</p> <p>Type material</p> <p>Female holotype, slide ZISP T-Eup-1, Russia, Krasnodar Krai, vicinity of Sochi, Khosta District, moss near the <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.80722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.543888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.80722/lat 43.543888)">Agura River</a>, 43° 32' 38" N, 39° 48' 26" E, 3 December 2022, coll. S. V. Kravchenko; paratypes: 16 females, same data.</p> <p>Type deposition</p> <p>The holotype and four female paratypes are deposited in the acarological collection of the Zoological Institute of RAS, Saint Petersburg, Russia; other paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia.</p> <p>Differential diagnosis</p> <p>The new species is most similar to P. polonicus in having all dorsal setae of similar complex shape with 3–4 long and pointed branches. In other described species at least setae f1, f2 and h1 pilose, without long branches. The new species differs from P. polonicus in having three solenidia in rhagidial organ I (vs. two in P. polonicus); bases of setae v1 widely separated (vs. bases of setae v1 almost contiguous in P. polonicus); and femoral formula 9–8–6–4 (vs. 9–7– 5–7 in P. polonicus). The new species is also similar to P. ovalis sensu Kaluz, 2000 in having same chaetotaxy of legs (except tarsi) and similar shape of setae v2, sc2 and c2. The new species differs from P. ovalis by the shape of opisthosomal setae being multibranched (vs. plumose with fine distal filament in P. ovalis as illustrated in Fig. 10(d) in Baker (1990)); in having three solenidia in rhagidial organ I (vs. two in P. ovalis); and tarsal formula 23–16–15–15 (vs. 20–14–14– 14 in P. ovalis).</p> <p>Etymology</p> <p>The name of the new species refers to its geographical distribution in Caucasus.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E9EC0CFFF3913EFE5CACBBCEC1F7AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Khaustov, Alexander A.;Kravchenko, Sergey V.	Khaustov, Alexander A., Kravchenko, Sergey V. (2023): First record of the genus Penthalodes (Acari: Eupodoidea: Penthalodidae) from Russia, with description of a new species. Persian Journal of Acarology 12 (2): 161-172, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v12i2.80042
