taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E8D8349821FFC5FC2773B3FE673586.taxon	type_taxon	TYPE SPECIES BY MONOTYPY. — Trabea jugorum Simon, 1881.	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D8349821FFC5FC2773B3FE673586.taxon	discussion	COMPOSITION AND HISTORY. — Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) was described based on a female specimen collected in high alpine habitat near Saint-Martin-Vésubie (France, Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur). The species was described in the genus Trabea Simon, 1876 and later transferred by the same author to Lycosa Latreille, 1804, in the second section of Lycoseae together with other species bearing two retromarginal teeth, a character shared with representatives of the genus Alopecosa (Simon 1898). The genus Vesubia was later described by Simon (1909) based on the presence of two retromarginal teeth, spination pattern and the eye configuration. It remained monotypic until, without specific justification, Roewer (1955) added Arctosa gertschii Fox, 1935, Tarentula vivax Thorell, 1875, Lycosa ligata O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1869, L. magallanica Karsch, 1880 and L. caduca Karsch, 1880, merely by mentioning them in his catalogue. Subsequent nomenclatural revisions (Roewer 1960; Tongiorgi 1977; Yu & Song 1988; Logunov 2023) have led to the current assignment of two species to the genus Vesubia: V. caduca of which only the female type specimen is known from Olinda in the Maui Island on Hawaii and V. jugorum, the type species of the genus. The last author who discussed the composition of the genus Vesubia was Tongiorgi (1969), who also described the male of V. jugorum for the first time. Tongiorgi provided observational data about the natural history of the species and discussed several hypotheses about its evolutive origins. Additionally, he provided a diagnosis for the genus based on a combination of somatic morphology characters and concluded that Lycosa caduca and Tarentula vivax were not congeneric with V. jugorum. However, no formal nomenclatural act was proposed. Recently, Logunov (2023) analyzed the type specimen of Tarentula vivax and concluded that this species belongs to the genus Alopecosa and proposed its transfer.	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D8349821FFC5FC2773B3FE673586.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Vesubia differs from all other Lycosinae genera by the combination of the following characters: presence of two retromarginal teeth, a posterior epigynal pocket, a wide embolus, an apical projection of the palea and the shape of the median apophysis, with a dorsal concavity but without a dorsal channel as in other Lycosinae (see Kronestedt 1990: Fig. 4).	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D8349821FFC5FC2773B3FE673586.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Medium-sized wolf spiders (11 - 18 mm), carapace uniform dark brown, in live specimens a distinguishable paler median band, formed by setae (Fig. 1). Sternum, labium and maxillae reddish brown. Chelicerae dark brown with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Abdomen uniform dark brown in fixed specimens, in live specimens a distinguishable cardiac mark followed by a series of paler marks (Fig. 1 B), venter brownish yellow. Legs dark brown with a paler annulation at the middle of the femur (Fig. 1 B), leg formula 4123. Palp of male with tibia as long as wide (Fig. 4 F). Cymbium with several distal macrosetae (Fig. 4 F) and a patch of strong setae dorsally (Fig. 4 F); subtegulum not visible in ventral view, tegulum strongly sclerotized, with rounded conductor (Fig. 5 A); median apophysis transverse with apical spur, directed anterodorsally (Fig. 6 E), and a dorsal concavity but without a dorsal channel (Figs 5 C, 6 E); palea region projected apically (Figs 4 B; 6 E), synembolus reduced (Fig. 6 D). Embolus wide, C-shaped with pars pendula (Figs 4 D; 6 D). Epigyne with two anterior semicircular atria, divided by a septum, leading to a pair of anterior hood (Figs 2 C; 3 A). Internal genitalia composed of a tri-partite spermatheca with a rounded head, that connects to the base of spermatheca by a thinner stalk (Fig. 2 D).	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D8349820FFC5FEE774B5FC4336C4.taxon	description	(Figs 1 - 6)	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D8349820FFC5FEE774B5FC4336C4.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Syntypes. France • 2 ♀; Saint-Martin-Vésubie; MNHN 4131 (Fig. 3 A) and MNHN-AR-AR 21647 (Fig. 3 B). OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED. — France • ♀; Col du Trem, Vallée de Merveilles, Saorge; 5. IX. 2019; M. Isaia leg.; coloration and genitalia as per genus; coll. MI. Italy • ♂; Bocchin dell’Aseo, Mongioie; 18. IX. 2019; Isaia leg.; coloration and genitalia as per genus; coll. MI.	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D8349820FFC5FEE774B5FC4336C4.taxon	diagnosis	DIAGNOSIS. — Same as per genus. DISTRIBUTION. — The known distribution range covers an area of approximately 2500 km 2, centred in South Western Alps (Italy and France). The current updated distribution of Vesubia jugorum (fig. 1 in Milano et al. 2023) encompasses the Province of Cuneo in north-western Italy (66 localities), the Département des Alpes-Maritimes (24 localities) and the département des Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (20 localities), in south-eastern France.	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D8349820FFC5FEE774B5FC4336C4.taxon	description	DESCRIPTION Female (specimen from Col du Trem) Spination pattern. Femur I p 0 - d 1 - d 1 d 1 - 1 - 0 r 0 - d 1 - d 1, II p 0 - d 1 - d 1, d 1 - 1 - 0 r 0 - d 1 - 0, III p d 1 - 0 - 0, d 1 - 1 - 0, r d 1 - d 1 - d 1, IV p d 1 - 0 - d 1 d 1 - 1 - 1 r 0 - 0 - d 1; patella I 0, II 0, III p 1 r 1, IV p 1 r 1; tibia I p 1 - 1 - 0 v 2 - 2 - 2 ap, r 1 - v 1 - 0; II p 1 - 1 - 0, v 2 - 2 - 2 ap, r 1 - v 1 - 0, III p d 1 - 1 d d 1 - 1 - 0 r 1 - 1 - 0 v 2 - 2 - 2 ap, IV p 1 - 0 - 1 d 1 - 0 - 1 r 1 - 0 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 2 ap; metatarsus I p 0 - 1 - 1 ap r 0 - 1 - 0 v 2 - 2 - 2 ap, II p 1 - 1 - 1 ap, r 0 - 1 - 1 ap v 2 - 2 - 1 ap, III p 1 - 1 - 2 ap r 1 - 1 - 2 ap v 2 - 2 - 1 ap, IV p 1 - 1 - 2 ap r 1 - 1 - 2 ap v 2 - 2 - 1 ap. Leg formula: 4123 Measurements. TL 14.76, CL 8.38, CW 6.12, CH 2.53. Eyes: AME 0.20, ALE 0.20, PME 0.67, PLE 0.40. Row of eyes: AER 1.53, PME 1.92, PLE 2.47. Legs: length of segments (femur + patella / tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): I 5.99 + 8.25 + 5.32 + 2.93 = 22.49, II 5.99 + 7.98 + 4.52 + 2.39 = 20.88, III 5.72 + 7.32 + 4.92 + 2.39 = 20.35, IV 6.65 + 8.91 + 7.85 + 3.46 = 26.87. Leg formula 4123. Male (specimen from Bocchin dell’Aseo) Spination pattern. Femur I p 0 - 0 - d 1 d 1 - 1 - 1 r 0 - d 1 - d 1, II p 0 - d 1 - d 1, d 1 - 1, r d 1 - d 1, III p 0 - d 1 - d 1, d 1 - 1 - 1 r d 1 - d 1 - d 1, IV p d 1 - d 1 d 1 - 1 - 0 r 0 - 0 - d 1; patella I p 1, II p 1 r 1, III p 1 r 1, IV p 1 r 1; tibia I p 1, v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 ap, r 1, II p 1 - 0 - 0 v 2 - 2 - 2 - 2 ap, r - 1 - 0 - 0, III p 1 - 1, d 1 - 1, r 1 - 1, v 2 - 2 - 0 - 2 ap, IV p 1 - 1 d 1 - 1 r 1 - 1 v 2 - 2 - 0 - 2 ap; metatarsus I p d 1 - d 1 - 1 ap, v 2 - 2 - 0 - 2 ap, r 1 - 1 - 1 ap, II p 1 - 1 - 1 ap, r 1 - 1 - 1 ap, v 2 - 2 - 2 ap, III p 1 - 1 - 2 ap, r 1 - 1 - 2 ap, v 2 - 2 - 1 ap, IV p 1 - 1 - 2 ap r 1 - 1 - 2 ap v 2 - 2 - 1 ap. Leg formula 4123. Measurements. TL 11.70, CL 6.65, CW 5.32, CH 2.79. Eyes: AME 0.20, ALE 0.20, PME 0.67, PLE 0.53. Row of eyes: AER 1.27, PME 1.67, PLE 2.13. Legs: length of segments (femur + patella / tibia + metatarsus + tarsus = total length): I 5.99 + 7.98 + 5.32 + 2.53 = 21.82, II 5.59 + 7.71 + 4.66 + 2.39 = 20.35, III 5.45 + 7.71 + 4.39 + 2.39 = 19.94, IV 6.78 + 8.11 + 8.11 + 3.33 = 26.33. Leg formula 4123.	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D8349820FFC5FEE774B5FC4336C4.taxon	biology_ecology	NATURAL HISTORY Life history information was reported through recent research focusing on the conservation of this species (Mammola et al. 2016; 2019; Milano et al. 2023). Due to its tight ecological requirements and its sensitivity to temperature increase due to global warming, in 2018 the species was assessed as Endangered in the IUCN Redlist (Isaia & Mammola 2018).	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D8349820FFC5FEE774B5FC4336C4.taxon	conservation	CONSERVATION STATUS Endangered B 1 ab (see Mammola et al. 2016; Isaia & Mammola 2018).	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D834982DFFC8FF087635FA5D36C3.taxon	description	(Fig. 7)	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D834982DFFC8FF087635FA5D36C3.taxon	materials_examined	TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Hawaii • ♀; Olinda on the island of Maui; ZMB.	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
03E8D834982DFFC8FF087635FA5D36C3.taxon	discussion	REMARK Examining the type specimen of V. caduca (Fig. 7) revealed that it lacks the diagnostic characters of Vesubia. The epigynum with a straight, inverted T-shaped septum, along with the anterior pockets, unquestionably place this species within the Lycosinae, although none of the existing genera can be assigned to it with confidence. Accordingly, we propose to transfer V. caduca to to the genus Hogna, as Hogna caduca n. comb. Hogna is a paraphyletic genus that has not been reviewed, but in which many species with genital characters similar to this species are placed (Crespo et al. 2022). The World Spider Catalog (2024) indicates that this species is distributed in Polynesia, as indicated in the title of the Karsch’s (1880) publication, although material was collected in Olinda, on the Maui Island in Hawaii.	en	Piacentini, Luis Norberto, Marco, Yuri Marusik, Isaia, Marco (2024): Unraveling the monotypy of Vesubia Simon, 1909 and its relationships to Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoosystema 46 (24): 617-629, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema-2024v46a24, URL: https://sciencepress.mnhn.fr/sites/default/files/articles/pdf/zoosystema2024v46a24.pdf
