taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EBB50566398135FF16D15AFCC9313B.taxon	etymology	Etymology: — Latin “ callainus ” meaning sea-green, referring to the species having a sea-green color change of hymenophore and context when injured. Diagnosis: — Differing from other species in Tylopilus s. str. by a brown pileus tinged with sea-green, a sea-green color change of hymenophore and context when injured, a stipe with sea-green color on the upper part, and a trichodermal pileipellis with slightly inflated hyphae. Also distinctive by the combined molecules 28 S + ITS + TEF 1. Holotype: — CHINA. Fujian Province: Zhangping County, XinqiaoTown, Chengkou Village, elev. 350 m, 22 August 2013, N. K. Zeng 1459 (FHMU). Description: — Basidiomata small to medium-sized. Pileus 2.5 – 5.5 cm in diameter, convex, plano-convex to plane; surface dry, densely tomentose, then squamulose, pale yellowish brown (6 A 3 – 5), yellowish brown (6 B 5 – 6) to brown (6 C 5 – 6), tinged with sea-green (25 B 5 – 7); context about 0.6 – 0.9 cm in thickness in the center of the pileus, yellowish white (1 B 1 – 2), changing sea-green (25 B 6) slowly when injured. Hymenophore poroid, adnate or slightly depressed around apex of stipe; pores angular, 0.5 – 1.5 mm in diameter, yellowish white (2 B 2) when young, then yellow (2 B 4 – 5), changing sea-green (25 B 6) slowly when injured; tubes about 0.2 – 0.3 cm in length, yellowish white (1 B 2) when young, then yellowish (2 B 3), changing sea-green (25 B 6) slowly when injured. Stipe 2.5 – 5.5 × 0.6 – 0.8 cm, central, subcylindric, solid, usually flexuous; surface dry, upper part sea-green (25 B 6) but yellowish (2 A 2) at apex, middle and lower part pale brown (5 B 4 – 5), brown (6 B 4 – 5) to dark brown (7 C 4 – 5); context yellowish white (1 B 1 – 2) on the upper part, changing sea-green (25 B 6) slowly when injured, pale brown (6 C 4 – 5) on the lower part, unchanging in color when injured; basal mycelium white (1 A 1). Spore print pinkish. Odor indistinct. Taste bitter. Basidia 22 – 36 × 8 – 10 μm, clavate, thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), 4 - spored, colorless in KOH; sterigmata 3 – 5 μm in length. Basidiospores [162 / 8 / 6] (7 –) 7.5 – 9 (– 10) × 4 – 5 μm, Q = (1.56 –) 1.60 – 2.00 (– 2.25), Q m = 1.82 ± 0.17, ellipsoid to subfusiform, slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), olive brown to yellowish brown in KOH, smooth. Hymenophoral trama bilateral, composed of colorless in KOH, 3 – 9 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm) hyphae. Cheilocystidia 23 – 35 × 6 – 9 μm, not abundant, ventricose, fusiform or subfusiform, thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), colorless in KOH, no encrustations. Pleurocystidia 26 – 42 × 6 – 10 μm, not abundant, ventricose, fusiform or subfusiform, thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), colorless in KOH, no encrustations. Pileipellis a trichoderm about 140 μm thick, composed of more or less vertically arranged, colorless, pale yellowish brown to brown in KOH, 6 – 14 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm) hyphae; terminal cells 29 – 50 × 10 – 13 μm, clavate or subclavate, with actue (sometimes obtuse) apex. Pileal trama made up of hyphae 6 – 10 μm in diameter, thinto slightly thick-walled (up to 1 μm), colorless in KOH. Stipitipellis a trichoderm-like structure about 50 μm thick, composed of thin- to slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), colorless, pale yellowish brown to yellowish brown in KOH, emergent hyphae with ventricose, clavate, subclavate, fusiform or subfusiform terminal cells (16 – 25 × 5 – 8 μm), and occasionally with clavate, 4 - spored basidia (13 – 18 × 4 – 6 μm). Stipe trama composed of 4 – 7 μm wide, cylindrical, thin to slightly thick-walled (up to 0.5 μm), colorless in KOH, parallel hyphae. Clamp connections absent in all tissues. Habitat: — Solitary or gregarious on the ground in forests dominated by fagaceous plants. Known distribution: — The south of China (Fujian and Hainan Province), Japan. Additional materials examined: — CHINA. Fujian Province: Zhangping County, XinqiaoTown, Chengkou Village, elev. 350 m, 22 August 2013, N. K. Zeng 1360 (FHMU); same location, 23 August 2013, N. K. Zeng 1460 (FHMU); same location, 24 August 2013, N. K. Zeng 1464 (FHMU). Hainan Province: Baisha County, Yinggeling National Nature Reserve, elev. 550 m, 1 August 2015, N. K. Zeng 2436 (FHMU); same location, 26 May 2017, N. K. Zeng 2982 (FHMU); same location, 27 May 2017, N. K. Zeng 3001 (FHMU).	en	Liang, Zhi-Qun, Su, Ming-Sheng, Jiang, Shuai, Hong, Deng, Zeng, Nian-Kai (2018): Tylopilus callainus, a new species with a sea-green color change of hymenophore and context from the south of China. Phytotaxa 343 (3): 269-276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.343.3.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.343.3.7
