identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EB87EBFF86F81A808AFB6DCD28C7A5.text	03EB87EBFF86F81A808AFB6DCD28C7A5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stichillus Enderlein 1924	<div><p>Genus Stichillus Enderlein, 1924</p><p>Stichillus Enderlein, 1924: 279 . Type species: Stichillus acutivertex Enderlein, 1924 (= Hypocera insperata Brues, 1911) (by original designation).</p><p>Tressinus Schmitz, 1924: 149 . Type species: Hypocera johnsoni Brues, 1904 (by original designation).</p><p>Tristichothyrsus Enderlein, 1936: 118 (nomen nudum).</p><p>Diagnosis for genus (modified from Brown 1992; Nakayama &amp; Shima 2004). Frons without supra-antennal setae. Vertex flat, with posterior margin curved upwardly forming distinct transverse ridge; ocellar region demarcated by sinuated line forming three loops; lateral ocelli widely separated, situated close to eye margins. Male first flagellomere oval or pyriform (globose in female). Anepisternum with short setae on upper part. Hind tibia with 2–3 dorsal longitudinal setal palisades. Wing with vein R 2+3 absent. Male hypopygium nearly symmetrical; hypandrium with semi-triangular membranous lobe on each ventrolateral side, spinulose; aedeagus generally tubular, composed of dorsal shoe-like plate and ventrally extended membrane.</p><p>Remarks. The three-looped demarcated ocellar region is a synapomorphy of the Stichillus species and has been used traditionally in species identification. Many species, however, have very similar characteristics in ocellar regions that are indistinguishable from one another (e.g., S. japonicus and S. koreanus sp. nov., as in Fig. 2C–F). Furthermore, the shape of the ocellar region shows some degree of intraspecific variation in same sex (Fig. 3), as well as in between sexes (Fig. 2E, F). Although the unusual types of ocellar region of some species can be a good diagnostic character for the species (e.g., the Chinese species S. suspectus (Brues) and S. tuberculosus Liu &amp; Chou, see Liu 2001: figs. 68, 74), the usefulness of shape of ocellar region in species identification is in doubt due to high degree of intraspecific variation and interspecific similarity.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EBFF86F81A808AFB6DCD28C7A5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lee, Jun-Ho;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Lee, Jun-Ho, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2023): A taxonomic study on the genus Stichillus (Diptera: Phoridae) from South Korea, with a key to species from East Asia. Zootaxa 5352 (3): 381-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3
03EB87EBFF85F81E808AFF50CFCAC1AB.text	03EB87EBFF85F81E808AFF50CFCAC1AB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stichillus cylindratus Nakayama & Shima 2004	<div><p>Stichillus cylindratus Nakayama &amp; Shima, 2004</p><p>(Figs. 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6)</p><p>Stichillus cylindratus Nakayama &amp; Shima, 2004: 90 . Type locality: Fukuoka, Japan.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Stichillus species by the combination of the following characteristics: male epandrial lobe distinctly extended posteroventrally; tip of inner projection on posterior margin of hypandrium situated below bottom level of lateral membranous lobe of hypandrium; dorsal plate of aedeagus elongated, curved nearly perpendicularly, without pointed dorsal process, hooked apically, with single narrow, slightly curved arm on right side of ventrobasal portion; female tergite 9 elongated, anteriorly cylindrical.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 2.31–3.67 mm (n=10). Head (Figs. 1A, 2A). Frons black, shiny, with three transverse rows of four long bristles and sparsely covered fine hairs; supra-antennal bristle absent; middle row of bristles slightly procurved. Ocellar region as in figure 2A. First flagellomere brown to orange, oval, 1.4× longer than wide, apically pointed; arista brown, located subapically. Palpus yellowish brown, with single long bristle on apex and some shorter bristles on near apex to ventral margin. Labrum and labella yellow, short. Thorax (Fig. 1A). Scutum and scutellum black. Posterior margin of scutum with two pairs of strong prescutellar bristles; inner pair of bristles distantly spaced with each other. Scutellum with anterior pair of long narrow bristles and posterior pair of strong bristles distinctly longer than anterior bristles. Pleuron blackish brown; upper half of anepisternum covered with short setae. Legs (Figs. 1A, 4A). Black except fore tibia and tarsus yellowish brown. Fore tibia with one strong dorsal bristle on basal half and single longitudinal row of short dorsal setulae on entire length. Fore tarsomere 5 widened, with enlarged pulvilli. Midtibia with two dorsal longitudinal setal palisades on basal half, which fused together from middle to apical half, and with one pair of bristles on basal quarter (one dorsal and the other anterodorsal), one long anteroventral preapical bristle, two short dorsal preapical setae, and one long posteroventral apical spur. Hind tibia (Fig. 4A) with three dorsal longitudinal setal palisades along its whole length, one anterodorsal strong bristle on basal third, one anterodorsal preapical bristle, one dorsal and three ventral long apical spurs, and some posterior—posteroventral apical short setae. Wing (Fig. 5A). 2.44–3.27 mm long (n=10). Costal index 0.49–0.52. Mean costal ratio 0.94:1; range 0.85–1.03. Costal setae of costal section II 0.08–0.1 mm long. Vein Rs with single row of short, fine hairs on dorsal face except apical end. Vein R 2+3 absent. Vein M 1 slightly curved basally and nearly straight apically. Veins brown, membrane hyaline with yellow tinge. 6–12 alular setae present, 0.15–0.21 mm long. Halter black. Abdomen (Fig. 1A). Tergites black, shiny, extended posteromedially; tergite 2 elongated, approximately twice longer than tergite 1. Venter of abdomen blackish brown, sternite 6 not developed. Hypopygium (Fig. 6A–C). Epandrium nearly symmetrical, dark brown; epandrial lobe enlarged posteroventrally, forming acute-angled posteroventral apex, covered with some short hairs. Hypandrium large, dark brown; posteroventral margin rounded, expanded ventrally; lateral membranous lobe triangular, spinulose; inner projection on posterior margin of hypandrium short, protruded ventrally (Fig. 6B); tip of inner projection pointed, situated slightly below bottom level of lateral membranous lobe. Cercus and hypoproct short, with some short hairs. Aedeagus (Fig. 6D, E). Dorsal plate dark brown, narrow, curved nearly perpendicularly, without pointed dorsal process; left side of tip of dorsal plate with hooked process curved downward, while right side of tip with pointed process slightly curved upwardly (Fig. 6D, E); basal portion with single narrow, gently curved arm on right side (Fig. 6E). Ventral membrane hyaline, elongated, subequal to the length of dorsal plate, anteriorly twisted, serrated on single side.</p><p>Female. Body length 3.72–4.81 mm (n=10). Head (Figs. 1B, 2B). Similar to male, except first flagellomere smaller, globose, orange. Ocellar region as in figure 2B. Thorax (Fig. 1B). Similar to male. Legs (Fig. 1B). Similar to male, except fore apical tarsomere not widened, pulvilli not enlarged. Wing (Fig. 5B). Similar to male, 3.2–3.71 mm long (n=10). Costal index 0.48–0.53. Mean costal ratio 0.91:1; range 0.8–0.98. Costal setae of costal section II 0.08–0.1 mm long. 5–8 alular setae present, 0.15–0.21 mm long. Halter black. Abdomen (Figs. 1B, 6F–H). Tergites 1–6 well developed, black. Tergite 2 elongated as male. Tergite 7 absent (Fig. 6F, G). Tergite 8 (Fig. 6G, H) rectangular, dark brown, twice as long as width. Tergite 9 (Fig. 6F–G) elongated cylinder-shaped, approximately 7× as long as anterior width, posteriorly covering only dorsal face at apical third; posterior portion distinctly widened, spatula-shaped, with some long hairs. Anterior portion of abdominal segment 9 usually concealed by segment 8 (Fig. 6H). Venter of abdomen blackish brown, with only sternite 9 discernable. Genital opening enlarged posteriorly (Fig. 6F). Cercus oval, with two long hairs and some short hairs.</p><p>Specimens examined. Korea: 2♂ 1♀, Jeollanam-do, Wando-gun, Gunoe-myeon, daemun-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.67044&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.357555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.67044/lat 34.357555)">Wando Arboretum</a>, 34°21′27.2″N, 126°40′13.6″E, 128 m, 2–26.vii.2012, Malaise trap, J. S. Park &amp; J. Yoon leg. (KNU) ; 1♂, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si, Ibanseong-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.29482&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.16103" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.29482/lat 35.16103)">Daecheon-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.29482&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.16103" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.29482/lat 35.16103)">Gyeongsangnamdo Arboretum</a>, 35°09′39.7″N, 128°17′41.3″E, 43 m, 1–15.vii.2014, Malaise trap, J. H. Hwang leg. (KNU) ; 12♂ 8♀, Jeollabuk-do, Jinan-gun, Maryeong-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.35694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.744724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.35694/lat 35.744724)">Gangjeong-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.35694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.744724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.35694/lat 35.744724)">Mt. Gwangdaebong</a>, 35°44′41″N, 127°21′25″E, ca. 381 m, 10–31.vii.2015, Malaise trap, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.35694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.744724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.35694/lat 35.744724)">National Institute of Agricultural Sciences</a> (NAAS) leg. (KNU) ; 1♂, Jeollanam-do, Muan-gun, Cheonggye-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.441414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.910694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.441414/lat 34.910694)">Dorim-ri</a>, mixed forest near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.441414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.910694" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.441414/lat 34.910694)">Mokpo National University</a>, 34°54′38.5″N, 126°26′29.1″E, 57 m, 26.vi–7.vii.2019, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. (KNU) ; 3♂ 1♀, Jeollanam-do, Yeongam-gun, Yeongameup, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.72747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.769196" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.72747/lat 34.769196)">Gaesin-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.72747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.769196" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.72747/lat 34.769196)">Mt. Wolchulsan</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.72747&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=34.769196" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.72747/lat 34.769196)">Saja</a> reservoir, 34°46′09.1″N, 126°43′38.9″E, 85 m, 26.vi–6.vii.2019, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. (KNU) ; 2♂, Jeollanam-do, Gwangyang-si, Ongnyong-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.60689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.03136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.60689/lat 35.03136)">Chusan-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.60689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.03136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.60689/lat 35.03136)">Southern Experimental Forest</a> of Seoul <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.60689&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.03136" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.60689/lat 35.03136)">National University in Mt. Baegunsan</a>, 35°01′52.9″N, 127°36′24.8″E, ca. 97 m, 3– 15.vii.2019, Malaise trap, Nam &amp; Park leg. (KNU) ; 1♀, Gyeonggi-do, Namyangju-si, Joan-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.282394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.568275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.282394/lat 37.568275)">Jinjung-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.282394&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.568275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.282394/lat 37.568275)">Mt. Ungilsan</a>, 37°34′05.8″N, 127°16′56.6″E, ca. 162 m, 4.vii.2020, hand collecting, J. H. Lee leg. (NIBR) ; 2♂ 1♀, Jeollabuk-do, Wanju-gun, Unju-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.30067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.09983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.30067/lat 36.09983)">Wanchang-ri</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.30067&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.09983" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.30067/lat 36.09983)">Mt. Daedunsan</a>, 36°05′59.4″N, 127°18′02.4″E, ca. 190 m, 13.vi–24.vii.2021, Malaise trap, O. C. Kwon leg. (KNU) ; 1♂, Jeollabuk-do, Gimje-si, Geumgu-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.02622&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.754665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.02622/lat 35.754665)">Seonamri</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.02622&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.754665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.02622/lat 35.754665)">Mt. Moaksan</a>, 35°45′16.8″N, 127°01′34.4″E, ca. 183 m, 10–24.vi.2021, Malaise trap, J. H. Sohn et al. leg. (KNU) ; 1♂, Chungcheongbuk-do, Danyang-gun, Danyang-eup, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.35722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.996387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.35722/lat 36.996387)">Dodam-ri</a>, inside of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.35722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.996387" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.35722/lat 36.996387)">Geumgul cave</a>, 36°59′47″N, 128°21′26″E, ca. 154 m, 17.vii.2021, hand collecting, J. H. Lee leg. (KNU) ; 5♂, Gangwon-do, Jeongseon-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.91028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.150833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.91028/lat 37.150833)">Gohan-eup</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.91028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.150833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.91028/lat 37.150833)">Gohan-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.91028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.150833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.91028/lat 37.150833)">Mt. Hambaeksan</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.91028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.150833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.91028/lat 37.150833)">Changokbong Peak</a>, 37°09′03″N, 128°54′37″E, 1330 m, 31.vii.2023, sweeping, S. Kim leg. (KNU) .</p><p>Ecology. This species was collected widely in mountainous regions in South Korea. Adults can be found on leaves of shrubs, wandering or feeding on leaf surfaces. Although one female was collected inside of cave in Danyang, the troglophily of the species is uncertain. Detailed ecological information including larval feeding habits is largely unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The aedeagus of S. cylindratus from Korea is slightly different from that of Japanese specimens illustrated in Nakayama &amp; Shima (2004): left lower apical margin of dorsal plate not extended ventrally (slightly extended ventrally in Japanese specimen); right apical curved process usually long, reaching apical margin of left hooked process (short, not reaching apical margin of left hooked process in Japanese specimen). The hypopygium is similar to the Chinese species S. acuminatus Liu &amp; Chou, but can be readily distinguished from the latter by position of inner projection of hypandrium and morphology of aedeagus.</p><p>Distributions. Korea (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollabuk-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do), Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EBFF85F81E808AFF50CFCAC1AB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lee, Jun-Ho;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Lee, Jun-Ho, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2023): A taxonomic study on the genus Stichillus (Diptera: Phoridae) from South Korea, with a key to species from East Asia. Zootaxa 5352 (3): 381-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3
03EB87EBFF82F81C808AFE39CDE5C11B.text	03EB87EBFF82F81C808AFE39CDE5C11B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stichillus japonicus (Matsumura 1916)	<div><p>Stichillus japonicus (Matsumura, 1915)</p><p>(Figs. 1C, 1D, 2C, 2D, 4B, 4E, 5C, 5D, 7, 10)</p><p>Conicera japonica Matsumura, 1915: 17 . Type locality: Hokkaido, Japan.</p><p>Conicera ( Hypocerina ? [Deuteroconicera, lapsus]) japonica: Schmitz, 1953: 292 (subgeneric assignment).</p><p>Stichillus japonicus: Takagi, 1962: 44 (generic assignment).</p><p>Stichillus matsumurai Schmitz, 1953: 276 . Type locality: Sapporo, Japan (synonym).</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Stichillus species by the combination of the following characteristics: fore tarsomere 5 dark brown dorsally; male epandrial lobe not distinctly enlarged apically; inner projection on posterior margin of hypandrium long, conical, apically pointed; dorsal plate of aedeagus with pointed dorsal process and robust, pointed arm curved at middle forming obtuseangle on right side of ventrobasal portion; female tergite 9 with anterior margin bilobed.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 3.71–4.7 mm (n=10). Head (Figs. 1C, 2C). Frons black, shiny, with three transverse rows of four long bristles and sparsely covered fine hairs; supra-antennal bristle absent; middle row of bristles slightly procurved. Ocellar region as in figure 2C. First flagellomere dark brown, pyriform, twice longer than wide; arista brown, located subapically. Palpus yellowish brown, with single long bristle on apex and some shorter bristles on near apex to ventral margin. Labrum and labella yellow, short. Thorax (Fig. 1C). Scutum and scutellum black. Posterior margin of scutum with 2–3 pairs of strong prescutellar bristles; innermost pair of bristles distantly spaced with each other. Scutellum with anterior pair of long narrow bristles and posterior pair of strong bristles distinctly longer than anterior bristles. Pleuron black; upper half of anepisternum covered with short setae. Legs (Figs. 1C, 4B, E). Black except fore tibia and fore tarsomeres 1–4 yellowish brown, dorsal face of fore tarsomere 5 dark brown (Fig. 4E). Fore tibia with one strong dorsal bristle on basal half and single longitudinal row of short dorsal setulae on entire length. Fore tarsomere 5 widened, with enlarged pulvilli. Midtibia with two dorsal longitudinal setal palisades on basal half, which fused together from middle to apical half, and with one pair of bristles on basal quarter (one dorsal and the other anterodorsal), one long anteroventral preapical bristle, two short dorsal preapical setae, and one long posteroventral apical spur. Hind tibia (Fig. 4B) with three dorsal longitudinal setal palisades along its whole length, one anterodorsal strong bristle on basal third, one anterodorsal preapical bristle, one dorsal and three ventral long apical spurs, and some posterior—posteroventral apical short setae. Wing (Fig. 5C). 3.5–4.35 mm long (n=10). Costal index 0.47–0.51. Mean costal ratio 1.07:1; range 0.95–1.14. Costal setae of costal section II 0.1–0.12 mm long. Vein Rs with single row of short, fine hairs on dorsal face except apical end. Vein R 2+3 absent. Vein M 1 slightly curved basally and nearly straight apically. Veins brown, membrane hyaline with yellow tinge. 7–10 alular setae present, 0.2–0.26 mm long. Halter black. Abdomen (Fig. 1C). Tergites black, shiny, extended posteromedially; tergite 2 elongated, approximately twice longer than tergite 1. Venter of abdomen blackish brown, with single pair of oval, weakly developed sternite 6. Hypopygium (Fig. 7A–C). Epandrium nearly symmetrical, dark brown; epandrial lobe elongated posteroventrally, covered with some short hairs, with rounded apex not distinctly enlarged apically. Hypandrium large, dark brown; lateral membranous lobe triangular, spinulose; inner projection on posterior margin of hypandrium large, sharply pointed, protruded ventrally (Fig. 7B); tip of inner projection situated far above bottom level of lateral membranous lobe. Cercus and hypoproct short, with some short hairs. Aedeagus (Fig. 7D, E). Dorsal plate dark brown, with pointed dorsal process; ventrobasal portion of dorsal plate with single robust, pointed arm curved at middle forming obtuse-angle on right side (Fig. 7E) and small rounded lobe on left side (Fig. 7D). Ventral membrane usually twisted at base and elongated ventrally, hyaline, approximately twice as long as maximum width of basal portion, tapering apically, spinulose basally.</p><p>Female. Body length 4.35–5.81 mm (n=10). Head (Figs. 1D, 2D). Similar to male, except first flagellomere smaller, globose, orange. Ocellar region as in figure 2D. Thorax (Fig. 1D). Similar to male. Legs (Fig. 1D). Similar to male, except fore apical tarsomere not widened, pulvilli not enlarged. Wing (Fig. 5D). Similar to male, 4.25–4.87 mm long (n=10). Costal index 0.49–0.52. Mean costal ratio 1.04:1; range 1–1.13:1. Costal setae of costal section II 0.11–0.16 mm long. 7–9 alular setae present, 0.2–0.32 mm long. Halter black. Abdomen (Figs. 1D, 7F, G). Tergites 1–6 well developed, black. Tergite 2 elongated as male. Tergite 7 absent (Fig. 7F, G). Tergite 8 (Fig. 7G) nearly rectangular, laterally rounded, dark brown, twice longer than wide. Tergite 9 (Fig. 7F, G) twice as long as wide, dark brown, with anterior margin bilobed, posterior margin rounded; posterior margin with two pairs of long hairs. Venter of abdomen blackish brown, with only sternite 9 discernable. Genital opening enlarged posteriorly (Fig. 7F). Cercus oval, apically with two long and some short hairs.</p><p>Specimens examined. Korea: 7♂ 2♀, Gangwon-do, Yangyang-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.45625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.103554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.45625/lat 38.103554)">Seo-myeon</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.45625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.103554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.45625/lat 38.103554)">Osaek-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.45625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.103554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.45625/lat 38.103554)">Mt. Seoraksan</a>, 38°06′12.8″N, 128°27′22.5″E, 1004 m, 27.viii–7.ix.2017, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. (KNU) ; 14♂ 6♀, ditto, 38°06′42.1″N, 128°27′39.7″E, 1401 m; 49♂ 10♀, ditto, 38°06′59.6″N, 128°27′50.4″E, 1596 m; 10♂ 1♀, ditto, 38°07′08.3″N, 128°27′55.7″E, 1706 m, 27.viii–9.ix.2017; 17♂ 3♀, Gyeongsangnam-do, Sancheong-gun, Sicheon-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.74158&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.328" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.74158/lat 35.328)">Jungsan-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=127.74158&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.328" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 127.74158/lat 35.328)">Mt. Jirisan</a>, 35°19′40.8″N, 127°44′29.7″E, 1223 m, 5–18.viii.2018, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. (KNU) ; 23♂ 4♀, ditto, 35°19′53.8″N, 127°44′02.8″E, 1597 m; 28♂ 1♀, ditto, 35°20′04.9″N, 127°43′50.8″E, 1799 m; 28♂, ditto, 35°20′14″N, 127°43′51.3″E, 1907 m; 1♂, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daegwallyeongmyeon, Hoenggye-ri, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.66809&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.761806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.66809/lat 37.761806)">Mt. Sohwangbyeongsan</a>, 37°45′42.5″N, 128°40′05.1″E, ca. 1300 m, 16.viii.2020, hand collecting, J. H. Lee leg. (NIBR) ; 1♀, ditto (KNU); 1♀, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.56256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.784416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.56256/lat 37.784416)">Jinbu-myeon</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.56256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.784416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.56256/lat 37.784416)">Dongsan-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.56256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.784416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.56256/lat 37.784416)">Mt. Odaesan</a>, streamside near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.56256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.784416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.56256/lat 37.784416)">Jungdae Sajaam</a> temple, 37°47′03.9″N, 128°33′45.2″E, ca. 934 m, 18.ix.2020, hand collecting, S. K. Kim leg. (KNU) ; 13♂ 2♀, Gangwon-do, Jeongseon-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.91028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.150833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.91028/lat 37.150833)">Gohan-eup</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.91028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.150833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.91028/lat 37.150833)">Gohan-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.91028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.150833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.91028/lat 37.150833)">Mt. Hambaeksan</a>, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.91028&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.150833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.91028/lat 37.150833)">Changokbong Peak</a>, 37°09′03″N, 128°54′37″E, 1330 m, 31.vii.2023, hand collecting, S. K. Kim leg. (KNU) ; 1♂ 2♀, Gangwon-do, Taebaek-si, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.0105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.14953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.0105/lat 37.14953)">Baeksan-dong</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.0105&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.14953" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.0105/lat 37.14953)">Mt. Yeonhwasan</a>, 37°08′58.3″N, 129°00′37.8″E, ca. 814 m, 1.viii.2023, hand collecting, J. H. Lee leg. (KNU) .</p><p>Ecology. This species was collected in mountainous area of relatively high altitude, about range of 700–1900 m above sea level in South Korea. Distribution pattern of the species is largely consistent with the collection records from Japan (Nakayama &amp; Shima 2004). Adults can be found on leaves of wood fern ( Dryopteris crassirhizoma), bamboo ( Sasa borealis), and broadleaf shrubs in forests or rock surfaces in streamside showing wandering or feeding behavior (Fig. 10). Detailed ecological information including larval feeding habits is largely unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is somewhat similar to S. koreanus sp. nov. but can be readily distinguished from the latter by darkened fore apical tarsomere (not darkened in S. koreanus sp. nov.), not significantly enlarged apical portion of epandrium (greatly enlarged in S. koreanus sp. nov.), and conspicuous, robust arm of aedeagus curved forming obtuse angle (small, slightly curved arm in S. koreanus sp. nov.).</p><p>Distributions. Korea (Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangnam-do), China, Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EBFF82F81C808AFE39CDE5C11B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lee, Jun-Ho;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Lee, Jun-Ho, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2023): A taxonomic study on the genus Stichillus (Diptera: Phoridae) from South Korea, with a key to species from East Asia. Zootaxa 5352 (3): 381-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3
03EB87EBFF80F810808AFEA9CED9C71D.text	03EB87EBFF80F810808AFEA9CED9C71D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stichillus koreanus Lee & Kim 2023	<div><p>Stichillus koreanus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs. 1E, 1F, 2E, 2F, 3A–C, 4C, 4F, 5E, 5F, 8, 11)</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Stichillus species by the combination of the following characteristics: male epandrial lobe distinctly enlarged dorsoapically; inner projection on posterior margin of hypandrium small, apically pointed; dorsal plate of aedeagus with short pointed dorsal process and single robust, gently curved, pointed arm on right side of ventrobasal portion; female tergite 9 moderately elongated, covering only posterior half.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 3.76–4.34 mm (n=10). Head (Figs. 1E, 2E, 3A–C). Frons black, shiny, with three transverse rows of four long bristles and sparsely covered fine hairs; supra-antennal bristle absent; middle row of bristles slightly procurved. Ocellar region as in figures 2E, 3A–C. First flagellomere dark reddish brown, pyriform, twice longer than wide; arista brown, located subapically. Palpus yellowish brown, with single long bristle on apex and some shorter bristles on near apex to ventral margin. Labrum and labella yellow, short. Thorax (Fig. 1E). Scutum and scutellum black. Posterior margin of scutum with two pairs of strong prescutellar bristles; inner pair of bristles distantly spaced with each other. Scutellum with anterior pair of long narrow bristles and posterior pair of strong bristles distinctly longer than anterior bristles. Pleuron dark reddish brown; upper half of anepisternum covered with short setae. Legs (Figs. 1E, 4C, F). Black except fore tibia and tarsus yellowish brown. Fore tibia with one strong dorsal bristle on basal half and single longitudinal row of short dorsal setulae on entire length. Fore tarsomere 5 widened, with enlarged pulvilli (Fig. 4F). Midtibia with two dorsal longitudinal setal palisades on basal half, which fused together from middle to apical half, and with one pair of bristles on basal quarter (one dorsal and the other anterodorsal), one long anteroventral preapical bristle, two short dorsal preapical setae, and one long posteroventral apical spur. Hind tibia (Fig. 4C) with three dorsal longitudinal setal palisades along its whole length, one anterodorsal strong bristle on basal third, one anterodorsal preapical bristle, one dorsal and three ventral long apical spurs, and some posterior—posteroventral apical short setae. Wing (Fig. 5E). 3.27–3.73 mm long (n=10). Costal index 0.5–0.54. Mean costal ratio 1.02:1; range 0.95–1.08:1. Costal setae of costal section II 0.09–0.12 mm long. Vein Rs with single row of short, fine hairs on dorsal face except apical end. Vein R 2+3 absent. Vein M 1 slightly curved basally and nearly straight apically. Veins brown, membrane hyaline with yellow tinge. 6–8 alular setae present, 0.17–0.22 mm long. Halter black. Abdomen (Fig. 1E). Tergites black, shiny, extended posteromedially; tergite 2 elongated, approximately twice longer than tergite 1. Venter of abdomen blackish brown, with single pair of oval, weakly developed sternite 6. Hypopygium (Fig. 8A–C). Epandrium nearly symmetrical, dark brown; epandrial lobe elongated posteroventrally, covered with some short hairs, with rounded apex distinctly enlarged dorsoapically. Hypandrium large, dark brown; lateral membranous lobe triangular, densely spinulose; inner projection on posterior margin of hypandrium small, pointed, protruded ventrally (Fig. 8B); tip of inner projection situated far above bottom level of lateral membranous lobe. Cercus and hypoproct short, with some short hairs. Aedeagus (Fig. 8D, E). Dorsal plate dark brown, with short pointed dorsal process directing posteriorly; ventrobasal portion of dorsal plate with single robust, slightly curved, pointed arm on right side (Fig. 8E). Ventral membrane usually twisted at base and elongated ventrally, hyaline, approximately twice as long as maximum width of basal portion, tapering apically, serrated on single side.</p><p>Female. Body length 3.92–5.45 mm (n=10). Head (Figs. 1F, 2F). Similar to male, except first flagellomere smaller, globose, orange. Ocellar region as in figure 2F. Thorax (Fig. 1F). Similar to male. Legs (Fig. 1F). Similar to male, except fore apical tarsomere not widened, pulvilli not enlarged. Wing (Fig. 5F). Similar to male, 3.39– 4.18 mm long (n=10). Costal index 0.49–0.54. Mean costal ratio 0.92:1; range 0.87–0.99:1. Costal setae of costal section II 0.09–0.13 mm long. 6–8 alular setae present, 0.19–0.23 mm long. Halter black. Abdomen (Figs. 1F, 8F, G). Tergites 1–6 well developed, black. Tergite 2 elongated as male. Tergite 7 absent (Fig. 8F–G). Tergite 8 (Fig. 8G) nearly rectangular, dark brown, 2.5× longer than wide, anterior portion slightly swollen dorsally (Fig. 8F). Tergite 9 (Fig. 8F–G) approximately 4× as long as anterior width, brown; anterior half cylindrical with dorsal face unsclerotized; posterior half with only dorsal face sclerotized; posterior margin with two pairs of long hairs and some short hairs. Venter of abdomen blackish brown, with only sternite 9 discernable. Genital opening enlarged posteriorly (Fig. 8F). Cercus oval, apically with some long and short hairs.</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the country of origin, Korea.</p><p>Type specimens. Holotype, ♂, Korea: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.47614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.697334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.47614/lat 37.697334)">Gangwon-do</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.47614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.697334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.47614/lat 37.697334)">Pyeongchang-gun</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.47614&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.697334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.47614/lat 37.697334)">Yongpyeong-myeon</a>, Nodong-ri, on rock surfaces covered with moss in Nodong valley, 37°41′50.4″N, 128°28′34.1″E, ca. 783 m, 16.viii.2021, hand collecting, J. H. Lee leg. [KNU-PHO 2023-0584] (NIBR) . Paratypes, 1♀, same data as holotype, J. H. Lee leg. [KNU-PHO 2023-0585] (KNU); 5♂ 2♀, Korea: Gangwon-do, Yangyang-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.45625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.103554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.45625/lat 38.103554)">Seo-myeon</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.45625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.103554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.45625/lat 38.103554)">Osaek-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.45625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=38.103554" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.45625/lat 38.103554)">Mt. Seoraksan</a>, 38°06′12.8″N, 128°27′22.5″E, 1004 m, 27.viii–7.ix.2017, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. [KNU-PHO 2022-0224] (KNU) ; 1♂, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.56256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.784416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.56256/lat 37.784416)">Jinbu-myeon</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.56256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.784416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.56256/lat 37.784416)">Dongsan-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.56256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.784416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.56256/lat 37.784416)">Mt. Odaesan</a>, streamside near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.56256&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.784416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.56256/lat 37.784416)">Sangwonsa</a> temple, 37°47′03.9″N, 128°33′45.2″E, ca. 934 m, 15.vii–14.viii.2020, Malaise trap, J. H. Lee et al. leg. [KNU-PHO 2023-0583] (KNU) ; 2♀, Chungcheongbuk-do, Danyang-gun, Daegang-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.4589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.935" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.4589/lat 36.935)">Yongbuwon-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.4589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.935" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.4589/lat 36.935)">Mt. Sobaeksan</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.4589&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.935" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.4589/lat 36.935)">Yeonhwabong Peak</a>, 36°56′06″N, 128°27′32″E, ca. 1337 m, 16.vii.2021, hand collecting, J. H. Lee leg. [KNU-PHO 2023-0587] (KNU) ; 1♀, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Cheongdo-gun, Unmun-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.02444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.65139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.02444/lat 35.65139)">Sinwon-ri</a>, streamside in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=129.02444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.65139" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 129.02444/lat 35.65139)">Unmunsan National Recreational Forest</a>, 35°39′05″N, 129°01′28″E, ca. 440 m, 27.viii.2022, hand collecting, J. H. Lee leg. [KNU-PHO 2023-0588] (KNU) .</p><p>Other specimens examined. Korea: 2♂, Gangwon-do, Jeongseon-gun, Gohan-eup, Gohan-ri, Mt. Jeongamsan, near Bugeumgyo bridge, 37°11′19.1″N, 128°52′38″E, 781 m, 19–29.vii.2017, pitfall trap, T.S. Kwon et al. leg.(KNU); 1♂, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Daehwa-myeon, Haanmi-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, 37°28′32.2″N, 128°30′09.2″E, 1004 m, 18–28.viii.2017, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. (KNU); 1♂, ditto, 37°28′37.8″N, 128°31′17.7″E, 1200 m; 2♂, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Mitan-myeon, Hoedong-ri, Mt. Gariwangsan, 37°27′41.5″N, 128°33′48.2″E, 1562 m, 18–28.viii.2017, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. (KNU); 1♀, Gangwon-do, Yangyang-gun, Seo-myeon, Osaek-ri, Mt. Seoraksan, 38°05′41.9″N, 128°27′01″E, 820 m, 27.viii–7.ix.2017, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. (KNU); 2♂ 3♀, ditto, 38°06′42.1″N, 128°27′39.7″E, 1401 m; 1♂, ditto, 38°06′59.6″N, 128°27′50.4″E, 1596 m; 1♂, Gyeongsangnam-do, Sancheong-gun, Sicheon-myeon, Jungsan-ri, Mt. Jirisan, 35°19′08.5″N, 127°45′16.8″E, 884 m, 5–18.viii.2018, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. (KNU); 43♂ 9♀, ditto, 35°19′34.9″N, 127°45′08.9″E, 998 m; 2♂, ditto, 35°19′40.8″N, 127°44′29.7″E, 1223 m; 8♂, ditto, 35°19′40.2″N, 127°44′07.3″E, 1392 m; 31♂ 6♀, ditto, 35°19′53.8″N, 127°44′02.8″E, 1597 m; 3♂, ditto, 35°20′04.9″N, 127°43′50.8″E, 1799 m; 2♂, Gyeongsangnam-do, Hapcheon-gun, Gaya-myeon, Chiin-ri, Mt. Gayasan, 35°48′55.6″N, 128°06′45.2″E, 1000 m, 6–19.viii.2018, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg. (KNU); 16♂ 1♀, ditto, 35°49′14.2″N, 128°06′59.3″E, 1214 m; 1♂, ditto, 35°49′23.6″N, 128°07′17″E, 1399 m; 1♂, Jeollabuk-do, Muju-gun, Seolcheon-myeon, Samgong-ri, Mt. Deokyusan, 35°51′58.4″N, 127°44′51.2″E, 1377 m, 4–14.ix.2019, pitfall trap, T. S. Kwon et al. leg.(KNU); 1♂, Gangwon-do, Pyeongchang-gun, Jinbu-myeon, Dongsan-ri, Mt. Odaesan, streamside near Sangwonsa temple, 37°47′03.9″N, 128°33′45.2″E, ca. 934 m, 14.viii–18.ix.2020, Malaise trap, J. H. Lee et al. leg. (KNU); 1♀, Gangwon-do, Chuncheon-si, Dongsan-myeon, Bongmyeong-ri, streamside in Kangwon National University Experimental Forest, 37°46′49.9″N, 127°49′05.4″E, ca. 270 m, 28.vii.2021, sweeping, J. H. Lee leg. (KNU); 2♀, Chungcheongbuk-do, Danyang-gun, Daegang-myeon, Yongbuwon-ri, Mt. Sobaeksan, near second Yeonhwabong Peak, 36°55′44″N, 128°26′49″E, 1253 m, 19.viii.2021, hand collecting, J. H. Lee leg. (KNU); 2♂, Gangwon-do, Jeongseon-gun, Gohan-eup, Gohan-ri, Mt. Hambaeksan, near Changokbong Peak, 37°09′03″N, 128°54′37″E, 1330 m, 31.vii.2023, hand collecting, S. K. Kim leg. (KNU).</p><p>Ecology. This species was collected in mountainous area of relatively low to high altitude, about range of 200– 1900 m above sea level in South Korea, similarly with S. japonicus but altitudinal distribution range was broader than the latter. Adults can be found on leaves of wood fern or broadleaf shrubs in deep forest or rock surfaces covered with moss in streamside showing wandering or feeding behavior (Fig. 11). Detailed ecological information including larval feeding habits is largely unknown.</p><p>Remarks. This species is somewhat similar to S. japonicus but can be readily distinguished from the latter by characteristics of fore apical tarsomere, male hypopygium and female postabdomen (see remarks of S. japonicus above). The hypopygium of S. koreanus sp. nov. is also similar to Chinese species S. acuminatus but can be readily distinguished from the latter by the following characteristics: posterodorsal margin of epandrial lobe rounded (nearly straight in S. acuminatus); dorsal plate of aedeagus curved with angle more than 90°, with blunt apex (curved with angle less than 90°, with pointed apex in S. acuminatus) (characteristics of S. acuminatus were referred to the illustrations and description of Liu 2001: 192, figs. 78, 79).</p><p>Distributions. Korea (Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EBFF80F810808AFEA9CED9C71D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lee, Jun-Ho;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Lee, Jun-Ho, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2023): A taxonomic study on the genus Stichillus (Diptera: Phoridae) from South Korea, with a key to species from East Asia. Zootaxa 5352 (3): 381-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3
03EB87EBFF8CF815808AF8ABCAF6C71F.text	03EB87EBFF8CF815808AF8ABCAF6C71F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stichillus spinosus Liu & Chou 1996	<div><p>Stichillus spinosus Liu &amp; Chou, 1996</p><p>(Figs. 1G, 1H, 2G, 2H, 3D–F, 4D, 5G, 5H, 9)</p><p>Stichillus spinosus Liu &amp; Chou, 1996: 44 . Type locality: Sichuan, China.</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be distinguished from other Stichillus species by the combination of the following characteristics: hind tibia with three dorsal longitudinal setal palisades basally, middle setal palisade fused with anterior palisade at middle to apical one-third; male epandrial lobe small, rounded; inner projection on posterior margin of hypandrium long, apically blunt; dorsal plate of aedeagus gently curved upwardly, without pointed dorsal process, spinulose on right surface of apical portion; ventral membrane of aedeagus extremely long; female tergite 9 short, oval, with deep longitudinal incision anteromedially.</p><p>Description. Male. Body length 2.69–3.22 mm (n=10). Head (Figs. 1G, 2G, 3D–F). Frons black, shiny, with three transverse rows of four long bristles and sparsely covered fine hairs; supra-antennal bristle absent; middle row of bristles slightly procurved. Ocellar region as in figures 2G, 3D–F. First flagellomere brown to orange, oval, 1.6× longer than wide, apically pointed; arista brown, located subapically. Palpus yellowish brown, with single long bristle on apex and some shorter bristles on near apex to ventral margin. Labrum and labella yellow, short. Thorax (Fig. 1G) Scutum and scutellum black. Posterior margin of scutum with two pairs of strong prescutellar bristles; inner pair of bristles distantly spaced with each other. Scutellum with anterior pair of long, narrow bristles and posterior pair of strong bristles distinctly longer than anterior bristles. Pleuron dark brown; upper half of anepisternum covered with short setae. Legs (Figs. 1G, 4D). Blackish brown except fore femur dark brown basally and gradually brighter apically, fore tibia and fore tarsus yellowish brown, midtarsus brown. Fore tibia with one strong dorsal bristle on basal half and single longitudinal row of short dorsal setulae on apical half. Fore tarsomere 5 widened, with enlarged pulvilli. Midtibia with two dorsal longitudinal setal palisades on basal half, which fused together from middle to apical half, and with one pair of bristles on basal quarter (one dorsal and the other anterodorsal), one long anteroventral preapical bristle, two short dorsal preapical setae, and one long posteroventral apical spur. Hind tibia (Fig. 4D) with three dorsal longitudinal setal palisades basally, middle setal palisade fused with anterior palisade at middle to apical one-third, and with one anterodorsal strong bristle on basal third, one anterodorsal preapical bristle, one dorsal and three ventral long apical spurs, and some posterior—posteroventral apical short setae. Wing (Fig. 5G). 2.5–3.06 mm long (n=10). Costal index 0.49–0.54. Mean costal ratio 1:1; range 0.91–1.09:1. Costal setae of costal section II 0.06–0.11mm long. Vein Rs with single row of short, fine hairs on dorsal face except apical end. Vein R 2+3 absent. Vein M 1 slightly curved basally and nearly straight apically. Veins brown, membrane hyaline with yellow tinge. 5–8 alular setae present, 0.16–0.21 mm long. Halter black. Abdomen (Fig. 1G). Tergites black, shiny, extended posteromedially; tergite 2 elongated, approximately twice longer than tergite 1. Venter of abdomen grayish brown, sternite 6 not developed. Hypopygium (Fig. 9A–C). Epandrium nearly symmetrical, dark brown; epandrial lobe small, rounded, covered with some long hairs apically. Hypandrium large, dark brown; lateral membranous lobe nearly triangular, closely situated to posteroventral margin of hypandrium, densely spinulose; inner projection on posterior margin of hypandrium long, with blunt tip, protruded posteroventrally (Fig. 9B); tip of inner projection situated far above bottom level of lateral membranous lobe. Cercus and hypoproct short, with some short hairs. Aedeagus (Fig. 9D, E). Dorsal plate yellowish brown except basal portion dark brown, gently curved nearly perpendicularly, without pointed dorsal process and arm on right side of basal portion, spinulose on right side of apical portion (Fig. 9E). Ventral membrane narrow, remarkably elongated, hyaline, approximately 5× as long as maximum width of basal portion, tapering apically, rounded.</p><p>Female. Body length 3.28–4.14 mm (n=3). Head (Figs. 1H, 2H). Similar to male, except first flagellomere smaller, globose, orange to yellow. Ocellar region as in figure 2H. Thorax (Fig. 1H). Similar to male. Legs (Fig. 1H). Similar to male, except fore apical tarsomere not widened, pulvilli not enlarged. Wing (Fig. 5H). Similar to male, 3.41–3.52 mm long (n=3). Costal index 0.5–0.53. Mean costal ratio 0.98:1; range 0.94–1.04:1. Costal setae of costal section II 0.08–0.1 mm long. 7–9 alular setae present, 0.15–0.23 mm long. Halter black. Abdomen (Figs. 1H, 9F, G). Tergites 1–6 well developed, black. Tergite 2 elongated as male. Tergite 7 absent (Fig. 9F, G). Tergite 8 (Fig. 9G) rectangular, dark brown, twice longer than wide. Tergite 9 (Fig. 9F, G) short, ovate, approximately 1.5× as long as maximum width, yellowish brown, with deep longitudinal incision anteromedially; each lateral margin and posterior margin with one pair of long hairs. Venter of abdomen grayish brown, with only sternite 9 discernable. Genital opening not distinctly enlarged posteriorly (Fig. 9F). Cercus oval, divergent from each other, apically with two long and some short hairs.</p><p>Specimens examined. Korea: 6♂, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jinju-si, Ibanseong-myeon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.29482&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.16103" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.29482/lat 35.16103)">Daecheon-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.29482&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.16103" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.29482/lat 35.16103)">Gyeongsangnamdo Arboretum</a>, 35°09′39.7″N, 128°17′41.3″E, 43 m, 1–15.ix.2014, Malaise trap, J. H. Hwang leg. (KNU); 1♂, ditto, 16–31.viii.2015; 1♂, Seoul, Gwanak-gu, Sillim-dong, forest in Seoul <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=126.949165&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.45575" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 126.949165/lat 37.45575)">National University</a>, 37°27′20.7″N, 126°56′57″E, ca. 97 m, 26.viii–2.ix.2019, Malaise trap, Nam &amp; Park leg. (KNU); 4♂ 2♀, Jeollanam-do, Gwangyang-si, Ongnyong-myeon, Chusan-ri, Southern Experimental Forest of Seoul National University in Mt. Baegunsan, 35°01′52.9″N, 127°36′24.8″E, ca. 97 m, 10–24.ix.2019, Malaise trap, Nam &amp; Park leg. (KNU); 2♂ 1♀, Gangwon-do, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.96391&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.54233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.96391/lat 37.54233)">Jeongseon-gun</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.96391&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.54233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.96391/lat 37.54233)">Imgye-myeon</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.96391&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.54233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.96391/lat 37.54233)">Gamok-ri</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=128.96391&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.54233" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 128.96391/lat 37.54233)">Baekbongnyeong Peak</a>, 37°32′32.4″N, 128°57′50.1″E, 780 m, 5.ix.2020, hand collecting, J. H. Lee leg. (KNU); 1♂, ditto (NIBR) .</p><p>Ecology. This species was collected widely in mountainous regions in South Korea. Altitudinal distribution of the species seemed relatively lower than those of S. japonicus and S. koreanus sp. nov., about under 800 m above sea level. Adults can be found on leaves of shrubs in shaded forest. Detailed ecological information including larval feeding habits is largely unknown.</p><p>Remarks. The dorsal plate of aedeagus of Korean specimens is curved nearly perpendicularly, as same with the Chinese specimens illustrated in original description (Liu &amp; Chou 1996), while that of Japanese specimens is not perpendicularly curved (see Nakayama &amp; Shima 2004: fig. 5C, D). This might reflect some degree of geographical variation or just simply a difference in viewing angles.</p><p>Distributions. Korea (Seoul, Gangwon-do, Jeollanam-do, Gyeongsangnam-do), China, Japan.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB87EBFF8CF815808AF8ABCAF6C71F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Lee, Jun-Ho;Kim, Sam-Kyu	Lee, Jun-Ho, Kim, Sam-Kyu (2023): A taxonomic study on the genus Stichillus (Diptera: Phoridae) from South Korea, with a key to species from East Asia. Zootaxa 5352 (3): 381-398, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.3.3
