taxonID	type	description	language	source
03EA6777FFE24831FF53F56CFA65FB92.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Distinguished from other tridentigerines by the following combination of characters. Second dorsal fin rays I, 6 – 9; anal fin rays I, 6 – 9; second dorsal and anal fin rays modally equal in number; pectoral rays 14 – 17; segmented caudal rays 16, often in 9 / 7 pattern; 24 – 30 scales in lateral series; predorsal scales 6 – 11, usually with large scale present close behind eyes; opercle always at least partly scaled; cheek naked or with 1 – 3 scales just behind eye; no fine villi on head; posterior portion of oculoscapular canal absent, no preopercular pores; papillae on head in longitudinal pattern, cheek papillae in rows a, c and cp larger and more widely spaced than those in rows b and d (Fig. 2); gill opening restricted to under opercle at most; pectoral girdle smooth or with low flange, without distinct fleshy lobes or flaps; tongue tip blunt to rounded; intestine and stomach coiled in corkscrew manner about each other; lower jaw usually inferior, with blunt, rounded to inflated snout that may overhang upper lip; jaws usually short with thin to almost absent lips; teeth shape and arrangement usually differing between sexes; genital papilla elongate and flattened in male and short and rounded in female. Pterygiophore formula 3 - 12210; vertebrae 9 – 10 + 15 – 16, usually 10 + 16; two epurals; 2 pre-anal pterygiophores (rarely 3); first few neural spines slender, pointed; metapterygoid short and wide, may be expanded dorsally but not forming bridge to quadrate; palatine short and broad, only reaching partly down pterygoid, which is always much shorter than palatine (Fig. 3); fifth ceratobranchial slender to broad, flattened and porous with thin fine teeth and low ridge or flange on back; no to five gill rakers ossified; top of scapula above foramen may be ossified.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFED4837FF53F45DFDC3FBF2.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 9 ED 71 CE 8 - B 3 E 6 - 483 E- 9119 - 3979542 FEA 71 Figs 1, 4 – 5, Tables 2 – 6 Goby sp. — Midgley 1973: appendix B (Cannon Hill Lagoon).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFED4837FF53F45DFDC3FBF2.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: NTM S. 13518 - 004, 28 mm SL male, east arm of Bing Bong Creek, Gulf of Carpentaria, Northern Territory, Australia, H. Larson and party, 5 September 1992. Paratypes: WESTERN AUSTRALIA: AMS I. 25538 - 010, 16 (23.5 – 25.5), Parry Creek, 7.5 km from road, Wyndham, D. Hoese and D. Rennis, 28 September 1985; AMS I. 30005 - 001, 1 (28), Dampier Salt Ponds, J. Tyler, 1987; WAM P. 25668 - 015, 4 (21 – 26), Walsh Point, Port Warrender, B. Hutchins and Duyker, 22 October 1976. NORTHERN TERRITORY: NTM S. 12429 - 015, 63 (15 – 25), creek on east side Vanderlin Island, H. Larson and W. Houston, 22 July 1988; NTM S. 13518 - 015, 88 (12 – 33), east arm of Bing Bong Creek, Gulf of Carpentaria, H. Larson and party, 5 September 1992. QUEENS- LAND: QM I. 39298, 15 (14.5 – 30.8), Boggy Creek, Brisbane River mouth, J. Johnson and party, 12 July 1988; ROM 38801, 6 (29 – 32.5), Saunders Beach, N of Townsville, R. Winterbottom, 4 October 1981; CSIRO B. 2511, 5 (15 – 32), freshwater creeks and swamps at various localities, Cairns, Army Survey, August 1940; CSIRO B. 2512, 23 (7 – 22), Cabbage Tree Creek, Sandgate, Brisbane, 7 March 1938. Additional material (no data taken). QUEENSLAND: AMS I. 23277 - 005, 7, Mission River mouth, Wallaby Island, D. Hoese and D. Rennis, 9 October 1982; NTM S. 17877 - 006, 3, Sand Hills Creek, Bowen, 16 September 2014; S. 18130 - 002,19, Auckland Creek, Gladstone, P. Unmack and party, 14 April 2015; NTM S. 18265 - 002, 19, Round Hill Creek estuary, near Gladstone, PU 15 - 20, P. Unmack and party, 14 April 2015; NTM S. 18127 - 002, 2, Railway drain, Barron River tributary, Cairns, M. Hammer, 25 July 2015; NTM S. 18129 - 002, 2, Railway drain, Barron River tributary, Cairns, GM 14 - 15, G. Moore and party, 30 January 2014; NTM S. 18267 - 001, 2, Weipa foreshore tide pools, M. Hammer and party, 23 November 2015; QM I. 39298, 14, Boggy Creek, Brisbane, J. Johnson, 12 July 1988; QM I. 28574, 7, Pine River Mouth, R. J. McKay and J. Johnson, 26 November 1993; NTM S. 15585 - 004, 2, Tin Can Bay, B. Hansen, 30 November 1996; NTM S. 18273 - 002, 3, Portsmith drain, Cairns, MH 19 - 02, M. Hammer and G. Moore, 24 January 2019; ROM 68486, 3, Blacksand Creek, S of Townsville, RW 94 - 01, Winterbottom and party, 14 June 1994. NORTHERN TERRITORY: NTM S. 16746 - 003, 8, Inburrkul Creek, Mountnorris Bay, H. Larson and party, 8 August 2008; NTM S. 12990 - 001, 26, creek at Vesteys Beach, Darwin, R. Williams and D. White, 27 May 1991; NTM S. 14692 - 002, 2, Leanyer sewage plant, D. Wilson, 12 September 1993; NTM S. 14962 - 012, 14, Sandfly Beach, West Alligator Head, H. Larson and party, 8 September 1999; NTM S. 10694 - 005, 142, Gunn Point, H. Larson and R. Williams, 20 September 1982; NTM S. 17658 - 001, 1, Buffalo Creek, Shoal Bay, M. Hammer and party, 28 September 2012; NTM S. 17346 - 007, 1, first creek upstream from Maningrida, Liverpool River, Northern Territory, M. Hammer and Waterhouse Club, 16 May 2012; NTM S. 14042 - 041, 8, creek at Towns River mouth, H. Larson and R. Williams, 13 September 1994; NTM S. 14025 - 012, 3, Nyarnpi Creek, Roper River, H. Larson and R. Williams, 9 September 1994; NTM S. 15715 - 009, 46, Rapid Creek, Darwin, D. Rennis, 5 August 1983; NTM S. 15036 - 014, 41, Lake Alexander, Darwin Harbour, H. K. Larson and party, 7 May 1998; NTM S. 11366 - 002, 2, Settlement Beach, Milingimbi, HL 84 - 31, H. K. Larson and P. G. Horner, 26 July 1984; NTM S. 18302 - 001, 14, Rapid Creek, Darwin, MH 19 - 04, M. Hammer, 5 March 2019; USNM 257127, 6, creek west of Yirrkala, R. Miller and party, 8 August 1948. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: AMS I. 25521 - 001, 37, Crab Creek, Broome, D. Hoese and D. Rennis, 20 September 1985; AMS I. 25511 - 002, 2, mangroves at Cossack, D. Hoese and D. Rennis, 15 Sept 1985; WAM P. 27672 - 003, 9, Broome, G. Allen, 30 July 1982; WAM P. 34990 - 002, 1, Exmouth Gulf, G. Moore and party, 20 June 2019.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFED4837FF53F45DFDC3FBF2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 6 – 8; anal rays I, 6 – 7; pectoral rays 14 – 17; 15 – 16 segmented caudal rays in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 24 – 27; TRB 7 – 9; predorsal scales 6 – 8; opercle with at least 2 rows of cycloid scales, rarely with a cycloid scale on cheek right behind eye; shoulder girdle smooth or with narrow bony flange; tongue short and may be greatly reduced; in males, teeth in outer row of upper jaw slightly flattened, blunt-tipped or pointed, with two curved symphyseal canines behind anterior tooth rows, while in females, outer row teeth of upper jaw small, compressed and blunt-tipped; scale margins edged with brown, about 5 – 6 small brown elongate blotches along mid-side of body with posteriormost blotch at hypural crease extending onto caudal fin and coalescing with narrow vertical dark bar on fin base; known from estuarine to fresh waters of northern Australia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFED4837FF53F45DFDC3FBF2.taxon	description	Description. Based on 52 specimens, 20 – 33.0 mm SL. An asterisk indicates counts of the holotype (Fig. 5 E). First dorsal VI *; second dorsal I, 6 * – 8 (usually I, 7); anal I, 6 – 7 (usually 7 *); pectoral rays 14 – 17 (usually 16 *); segmented caudal rays 15 – 16 *, in 9 / 7 pattern; branched caudal rays 7 / 6 – 9 / 7, modally 8 / 7; lateral scale count 24 – 27 (usually 26, 25 in syntype); TRB 7 * – 9 (usually 8); predorsal scale count 6 – 8 (usually 7 *). Body rounded or slightly compressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Head wider than deep, but not greatly so, HL 23.9 – 29.8 % SL (mean 27.2 %). Head depth at posterior preopercular margin 58.0 – 74.7 % HL (mean 63.2 %). Head width at posterior preopercular margin 63.9 – 85.3 % HL (mean 72.4 %). Mouth small, subterminal, slightly oblique; jaws reaching to vertical through mid-eye in large adults and to anterior half of eye in females, with males usually having longer jaws; upper jaw 26.3 – 48.2 % HL (mean 36.4 %); lips relatively thin, lower lip broadly fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, top usually forming part of dorsal profile, eye width 26.7 – 33.3 % HL (mean 29.7 %). Snout rounded and somewhat inflated, 22.8 – 36.1 % HL (mean 28.6 %). Interorbital moderate, 16.7 – 22.9 % HL (mean 19.9 %). Body depth at anal origin 19.2 – 22.4 % SL (mean 20.5 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 26.1 – 34.6 % SL (mean 30.3 %). Caudal peduncle depth 12.3 – 15.4 % SL (mean 13.4 %). First dorsal fin low, triangular, second to third spines longest (fourth spine longest in one male). Appressed first dorsal fin falling short of second dorsal in both sexes, fin length 16.1 – 20.0 % SL (mean 18.0 %). Second dorsal spine length 13.5 – 17.3 % SL (mean 15.0 %). Third dorsal spine length 13.6 – 16.1 % SL (mean 14.9 %). Second dorsal and anal fin heights moderate, fins rounded posteriorly with first few rays longest, rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval, central rays longest, extending back to vertical just short of anus, 18.8 – 23.5 % SL (mean 21.6 %). Pelvic fins oval, short, reaching short of anus, 16.1 – 20.0 % SL (mean 18.3 %). Caudal fin broad, rounded posteriorly, 25.0 – 33.6 % SL (mean 28.9 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening relatively narrow, extending usually to under opercle. Shoulder girdle smooth or with narrow bony flange. Tongue short, may be greatly reduced, tip blunt or bluntly rounded. Upper jaw teeth in 3 – 4 rows, in males, teeth in outer row slightly flattened, blunt-tipped or pointed; in females, outer row teeth small, compressed and blunt-tipped; teeth in 2 – 3 inner rows always very small, close-set and sharp. Lower jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows; in males, outer row teeth stout and with rather blunt or pointed tips; two curved symphyseal canines behind anterior tooth rows; females with compressed or somewhat flattened evenly sized blunt-tipped teeth in outer row; teeth in inner 2 – 3 rows same as in upper jaw. Body scales ctenoid to pectoral fin base, cycloid scales on predorsal, breast and pectoral fin base; opercle with at least two rows of cycloid scales, rarely with a cycloid scale on cheek right behind eye; belly scales cycloid on posterior half at least, may be ctenoid scales anteriorly or most of belly with ctenoid scales. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern as in Fig. 4. Coloration of preserved material. Head and body with scale margins on head and body narrowly edged with brown, usually only on upper half in females, and about 5 – 6 small brown elongate blotches along mid-side of body, posteriormost at hypural crease where it extends onto caudal fin and coalesces with narrow vertical bar on fin base; small brown spots on predorsal area; specimens from Broome pale, with only short horizontal brownish bar and no dark spots at caudal base. Males with more defined scale margins and head and nape may be darker, or entire head and body darker than in females. Three to five indistinct brown small cross-hatched bars across dorsum; brown bar under first dorsal fin broadest and may be darkest, in some specimens extending down side of body to mid-side (most defined in small specimens). Dark brown elongate blotch or series of irregular spots above pectoral fin base and partly extending onto rear corner of opercle; may be series of less distinct brown spots extending from this dark blotch along upper part of body below first dorsal fin. Interorbital and snout plain brownish, with pale bar from eye to lip, covering nostrils; behind pale bar a dark brown bar from eye to middle of jaw. Cheek and opercle with variable brown mottling and small blotches; cheek with broad wedge-shaped bar from lower edge of eye ending behind jaws, and another very short brown bar from behind eye angled obliquely toward rear of preopercle. Chin and lips speckled with scattered melanophores or quite greyish in adult males; chin unpigmented in females. Breast faintly greyish; belly unpigmented. Thin blackish to dense black mid-ventral line running from middle (or insertion) of anal fin to end at first ventral procurrent ray. Black peritoneum may be visible through body wall. First dorsal fin greyish brown with diffuse blackish spot at rear of fin; dark brownish pigment may cover most of fin or form a broad, generally central, band; margin usually narrowly brownish. Second dorsal fin transparent with diffuse brownish band across centre and greyish margin; fin more heavily pigmented in adult males. Anal fin transparent with few scattered brownish speckles. Caudal fin grey or pale brownish, paling to transparent posteriorly; may have 2 – 3 diffuse dark brown spots near base. Pectoral fin with transparent membranes, rays speckled with brown. Pelvic fins translucent. Coloration of fresh material. Head and body translucent pale yellowish to greyish yellow, with brown crosshatching along scale margins scattered irregularly over body and nape and 5 – 6 X-shaped to elongate small brown blotches along mid-side of body (blotches may be paired) (Fig. 5). Posteriormost blotch on body ending at hypural crease and coalescing with two brown spots on caudal fin. Iridescent pale gold to pinkish gold pigment may be scattered along scale edges along abdominal region. Four internal blackish brown short bars along mid-ventral line starting at mid-base of anal fin, with fourth bar (posteriormost) slightly more widely separated from others. Snout translucent or pale brownish, with two short brown bars, one before and after nostril area, which is pale. Cheek translucent with diffuse brown bar from below eye usually ending mid-cheek and second brown bar from behind eye diagonally back toward upper part of preopercular margin. Opercle dusky brown above with blue-white iridescent speckling on lower half. Iris golden, darker near pupil. Lips pale, narrowly edged with brown. Abdomen silvery white, peritoneum dense black. First dorsal fin translucent with broad diffuse brown band across most of fin; may be submarginal whitish to pale bluish stripe present. Second dorsal fin translucent with dusky brown speckling; may have whitish to pale bluish stripe across mid-fin and narrow bluish margin. Anal fin dark brown or golden with broad whitish or bluish white margin. Caudal fin translucent with two brown spots close together at base and coalescing with posteriormost brown body blotch; area over procurrent rays may be pale bluish. Pectoral fins transparent. Pelvic fins white, greyish near bases of rays. Comparisons. This species is most similar to P. hoesei n. sp. and P. jeffi n. sp., both of which have one or two cycloid scales on the cheek behind the eye (these scales absent in P. aquilonius). It differs in live and preserved colour especially on the caudal peduncle and caudal fin; the vertical dark bar on the fin base of P. aquilonius is unique among its congeners (compare Figs 5, 13 and 15 and see Comparisons under P. hoesei n. sp.).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFED4837FF53F45DFDC3FBF2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to northern Australia (from Dampier, Western Australia to Brisbane, east coast Queensland). May occur in adjoining areas of southern New Guinea (no samples found).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFED4837FF53F45DFDC3FBF2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Shallow-water estuarine, found in tidal rivers, mangrove creeks and muddy tide-pools, at depths of 0 – 1 m, with substrate of sandy mud, mud and mangrove roots, logs and leaf litter. Found among a variety of mangroves, e. g. Aegialitis, Avicennia, Ceriops, Exoecaria and Rhizophora and often in marginal habitats such as small drainage creeks running through exposed salt flats. Co-occurs at its microhabitat or location with all other species recorded in northern Australia (including minor overlap with P. eos n. sp. around Brisbane).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFED4837FF53F45DFDC3FBF2.taxon	etymology	Etymology: From the Latin aquilonius, north or northerly, in reference to this Australian species’ distribution around the north coast of the country.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF4482CFF53F0A5FA7EF9A2.taxon	description	Figs 1, 6 – 7, Tables 1 – 5, 7	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF4482CFF53F0A5FA7EF9A2.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype of Vaimosa avicennia, CAS 33006, 31.5 mm SL male, Kranji River, Singapore, A. W. Herre, 10 March 1937. THAILAND: QM I. 39296, 1 (30), Narathiwat Province, P. Sirimontaporn, 15 January 1984; NTM S. 17893 - 001, 6 (28 – 34.5), Chantaburi, Mahidolia Project, T. Wongratana; USNM 316049, 1 (25), Katumban, about 30 km from Bangkok on way to Samui Sankorn, T. Roberts, 11 July 1970; USNM 316043, 4 (16 – 28.5), roadside ditch 3 km from Tah Chalap, on road from Chantaburi city, Chantaburi Province, T. Roberts, 5 May 1970. VIETNAM: NTM S. 17896 - 001, 2 (17.5 – 20), Soc Tran, K. Shibukawa, 16 May 2012. INDONESIA: CMK 7276, 2 (13.5 – 16.5), tidal creek about 500 m from sea, Sungai Lukit, Padang Island, Riau Province, M. Kottelat, 12 February 1991. SINGAPORE: CMK 8310, 2 (27 – 31), Kranji mangroves near Sungei Buloh, D. Murphy and M. Kottelat, LOC 92 - 33, 8 April 1992; NTM S. 18262 - 001, 1 (26), Sungei Buloh mangroves, K. Lim, 30 January 1992; ZRC 39205, 1 (22.5), mangrove pools on Pulau Buloh, Sungei Buloh Nature Park, K. Lim and party, 6 June 1995. BRUNEI: NTM S. 12812 - 003, 1 (17), in Nypa palm leaf axil, Kedalayan River, R. Hanley and S. Choy, RH 89 - 15, 7 April 1989; NTM S. 14812 - 005, 1 (35.5), Sungai Mataiang, Temburong District, H. Larson and party, HL 97 - 87, 30 August 1997; QM I. 39297, 1 (31.5), small stream, tidal influence via river, Kg Labu Estate, Temburong, S. Choy, 8 January 1992; USNM 383429, 12 (9.5 – 27.5), mangroves, tributary of Sungei Brunei, Sungei Kalamasi, Muara District, L. Parenti and party, 16 August 1997. Additional material (no data taken). INDONESIA: CMK 11539, 2, Sungei Seriam, Kalimantan Barat. MA- LAYSIA: ZRC 20628 – 34, 6, Malacca. BRUNEI: NTM S. 14802 - 007, 8, Sungai Tutong, Lubok Api-api, H. Larson and party, 24 August 1997; NTM S. 14786 - 006, 12, Sungai Dol Hakim, H. Larson and party, 17 August 1997; NTM S. 14813 - 004, 11, Tanjung Bakaka, Pulau Berembang, H. Larson and party, 30 August 1997. SINGAPORE: NTM S. 13957 - 015, 1 (26), Sungei Pandan, HL 93 - 47, H. K. Larson and party, 29 December 1993; ZRC 2099 – 996, 6, Senoko grassland; ZRC 26511, 1, Mandai Besar; ZRC 27451 – 3, 3, Siglap Canal; ZRC 29187, 1, Sungei Buloh; ZRC 27007 – 8, 2, Senoko; ZRC 20891 – 2, 2, Senoko; THAILAND: ANSP 87272, 1, Tachin River.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF4482CFF53F0A5FA7EF9A2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 7; anal rays I, 7; pectoral rays 14 – 17; 6 segmented caudal rays in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 25 – 28; TRB 6 – 8 ½; predorsal scales 8 – 10; opercle with 2 – 4 rows of cycloid scales, cheek scaleless; shoulder girdle smooth; tongue short and mostly fused to floor of mouth; teeth similar in both sexes (though males have 2 – 3 curved symphyseal canines behind anterior tooth rows), with upper jaw teeth in two rows, teeth in outer row pointed, bluntly rounded to flattened, small, closely spaced, evenly sized, teeth usually absent from side of jaw; fish yellowish brown with five dark brown blotches along side and distinctive yellow-edged black spot on upper part of the caudal fin in both sexes; a sexually dimorphic species, with adult males having inflated cheeks and nape, more prominent eyes, a strongly curved suborbital, larger jaws and relatively plain dark body colour; known from mangroves and lower estuaries of rivers and streams in South-east Asia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF4482CFF53F0A5FA7EF9A2.taxon	description	Description. Based on 23 specimens, 13.5 – 35.5 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 31.5 mm SL male holotype of Vaimosa avicennia. First dorsal VI *; second dorsal always I, 7 *; anal always I, 7 *; pectoral rays 14 – 17, modally 16 (15 *); segmented caudal rays 16 *, in 9 / 7 pattern; branched caudal rays 7 / 7 – 8 / 8; unsegmented (procurrent) caudal rays 7 / 7 or 8 / 8; lateral scale count 25 – 28 * (modally 26); TRB 6 – 8 ½ (modally 8 *); TRF 8 – 10 * (modally 9 ½); predorsal scales 8 – 10 * (modally 9). Body compressed; head rounded, HL 24.4 – 29.6 % SL (mean 26.4 %). Head depth at posterior preopercular margin 54.3 – 63.8 % HL (mean 60.8 %). Head wider than deep, especially in males (which have inflated cheeks and nape), width at posterior preopercular margin 68.2 – 76.6 % HL (mean 73.7 %). Adult males develop inflated cheeks while large males also have an inflated nape and slightly more slender body (mean body depth of 18.2 % of SL versus 19.2 % in females), giving them a “ fat-headed ” appearance. Mouth subterminal, very slightly oblique, jaws small in females, larger in males, jaws usually reaching to vertical below mid-eye and to rear edge of eye in mature males; upper jaw 26.2 – 51.5 % HL (mean 46.6 % in males, 31 % in females); lips thin, upper lip thicker than lower, lower lip broadly fused to chin. Fleshy suborbital curved ventrally below eye in centre of jaw, partly covering upper lip, curve deepest in adult males, giving a distinctive “ sneer ”. Eyes lateral, high on head, top may form part of dorsal profile, 21.8 – 32.7 % HL (mean 28.0 %); eyes in adult males more prominent, partly due to slightly concave interorbital and inflated nape behind eyes. Snout rounded to steep and blunt, may be slightly inflated (snout may be steep in adult males), 26.5 – 29.9 % HL (mean 29.5 %). Interorbital moderate, 14.1 – 22.4 % HL (mean 22.2 %). Body depth at anus 15.8 – 18.9 % SL (mean 18.9 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 25.5 – 29.7 % SL (mean 24.4 %). Caudal peduncle depth 10.9 – 14.3 % SL (mean 13.2 %). First dorsal fin triangular to rounded, second and third spines longest, usually equal, third spine longest otherwise. In males, depressed first dorsal fin just reaching to first element of second dorsal fin, fin 17.1 – 22.0 % of SL (mean 19.1 %), fin falling short of second dorsal fin in females. Second dorsal spine length 13.9 – 16.9 % of SL (mean 15.2 %); third dorsal spine length 13.4 – 18.0 % (mean 15.6 %); spines always longer in males. Second dorsal and anal fin heights moderate, fins slightly pointed posteriorly, with posteriormost rays longest, when depressed just falling short of caudal fin base in males, falling well short in females. Pectoral fin rounded, central rays longest, extending to vertical just short of anus, 17.6 – 21.8 % SL (mean 19.7 %). Pelvic fins short, rounded, not reaching anus, 15.8 – 19.4 % SL (mean 17.6 %). Caudal fin broad, rounded posteriorly, 24.6 – 31.7 % SL (mean 28.8 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening usually extending forward to under mid-opercle. Shoulder girdle smooth, one specimen with low bony edge. Tongue very short, tip blunt to rounded, mostly fused to floor of mouth. Upper jaw teeth in two rows, teeth in outer row pointed, bluntly rounded to flattened, small, closely spaced, evenly sized, absent from sides of jaw; inner row very small, close-set and pointed. Lower jaw curved, with raised symphysis; teeth in two rows, very small, difficult to find in females (hidden by flesh of gum), teeth conical, with pointed tips and two to three curved symphyseal canines behind anterior tooth rows in males; sides of jaw usually without teeth in both sexes (some females with blunt-tipped small teeth at side near front of jaw). Body scales ctenoid to pectoral fin base, cycloid scales on predorsal and pectoral fin base (pectoral base sometimes with only two to no scales); opercle with 2 – 4 rows of cycloid scales; belly scales cycloid on posterior half at least, often ctenoid scales anteriorly. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern as in Fig. 6. Coloration of preserved material. Females and immature males: Head and body whitish to pale yellowish brown, with light to dark brown markings. Head with grey to light brown snout (snout may have small dark spots and short vermiculate lines), nape with irregular dark brown mottling and spotting, most nape scales with dark brown spot near rear of each scale. Side of head with one broad brown bar from front of eye to end on jaw close to anterior nostril; second brown bar (often diffuse or broken-up) from ventral edge of eye and ending just before corner of mouth, and third horizontal brown bar from lower rear edge of eye to rear edge of preopercle and often continuing onto opercle where it becomes indistinct. Cheek and opercle with variable scattered dark brown mottling and irregular small spots; may be small dark spot near upper rear corner of opercle. Lips plain grey, not distinctly outlined. Underside of head plain whitish with dusky grey speckling or patch on chin. Side of body with mid-lateral series of five dark brown rectangular blotches, anteriormost blotch usually small, almost square and difficult to distinguish from the other dark brown spots and blotches nearby; posteriormost blotch on mid-base of caudal fin; these five blotches joined along side by dark brown lines above and below each blotch; dark lines occasionally broken into rows of elongate spots. Remainder of body with scattered small dark brown spots and blotches, which may form irregular rows or pairs of markings. Dorsum with six dark brown blotches or small saddles, beginning at nape just before first dorsal fin; scales on dorsum usually with thin dark margins. Breast and belly plain whitish. Peritoneum dark brown dorsally, abruptly becoming pale at sides of abdomen. Four dark brown to blackish blotches along ventral midline, two above anal fin and two on caudal peduncle. Posteriormost mid-lateral rectangular blotch usually partly joined by dark brown markings on scaly base of caudal fin. First dorsal fin transparent to translucent dusky brownish, usually rays darker than membrane, may be scattered with small dark spots; indistinct irregular darker brown basal band becoming darker toward rear of fin. Second dorsal fin transparent with about four rows of dark brown small spots on rays, markings fading or elongating toward rear of fin; indistinct submarginal greyish stripe may be present. Anal fin translucent, with dark fin rays, may be concentrated into short streaks toward centre or base of fin. Caudal fin transparent with large dark brown to blackish pale-edged round spot just at upper fin base, with similarly coloured curved band from lower base of fin ending at point just below large round spot; rest of fin with about five curved brown broad lines or rows of brown spots; immature males with whole caudal fin grey but still showing the spots and rows or lines. Pectoral fin base plain brownish with brown to dark brown square blotch or bar on uppermost part, extending onto fin itself and may coalesce with streaks on fin rays. Pectoral fin transparent to greyish, with white curved patch along ray bases; rays with scattered brown streaks mostly on upper part of fin. Pelvic fins almost translucent white. Mature males: Head and nape colour similar to females but spots and bars from eye diffuse and indistinct, but for first dark bar from eye to jaw. Underside of head brown to dark brown, especially branchiostegal rays and isthmus. Breast brown to dark brown, pale just before pelvic fin base. Pectoral fin base plain brown to dark brown with broad white lunate patch across bases of fin rays. Body colouring similar to that in females but rectangular dark brown mid-lateral blotches and all other dark markings much paler, fading into background colour. First dorsal fin mostly plain dusky grey to dark brown, paler toward margin, with small dark brown to blackish spot at rear of fin between fifth and sixth spines. Second dorsal fin plain dusky grey to dark brown with broad transparent margin. Anal fin plain brown to dark brown, may have narrow transparent margin (may be absent). Pectoral fin with white lunate patch across base of rays, fin dusky in middle, becoming transparent toward rear half of fin. Pelvic fin plain dusky grey to dark brown, including frenum. Caudal fin with distinct round dark brown to blackish spot on upper base, rest of fin plain dark brown, with asymmetric translucent margin extending from mid-upper part of fin to posteriormost edge. Coloration of fresh material. Based on photographs in Larson and Lim (2005), Tran et al. (2013) and photographs of freshly dead specimens (Fig. 7). Females. The colour pattern is essentially the same as in preserved specimens, but the background colour is golden brown to yellowish and all markings are darker, with the round spot on the upper caudal fin has a bright yellow surround dorsoposteriorly. Caudal fin whitish to yellowish in between the dark rows and spots. Cheek, opercle and anterior half of pectoral fin base may show pale blue to greenish blue iridescence among the scattered melanophores. Iris is red-gold, with thin gold edge to pupil. Males. Head and body light brown to pinkish brown, with brown to yellowish brown markings as for preserved specimens. Underside of head, branchiostegal membranes, breast and pectoral fin base blackish. Belly pinkish to orange white. Four blocks of blackish internal pigment visible above mid-ventral line of anal fin and caudal peduncle. First dorsal fin yellowish brown becoming darker posteriorly, with dull yellow margin and bright blue black-rimmed round spot between fifth and sixth spines. Second dorsal fin blackish with yellow-brown spotting and speckles on ventral half and broad pale yellow margin, separated from rest of fin by narrow band of dull blue. Anal fin with dark grey rays, membrane anteriorly and basally with blue to whitish blue pigment, and dark orange streaks between rays along middle of fin. Pectoral fin transparent with curved whitish band crossing bases of rays, orange patch near upper base of fin, rest of fin with dusky brown fine speckling. Pelvic fins blackish with whitish base, margin of disc whitish. Caudal fin dusky brown to blackish, banded with about three indistinct rows of darker spots, black spot on upper caudal fin base, and broad creamy yellow margin to rear of fin, separated from rest of fin by narrow black band. Comparisons. This is a sexually dimorphic species, with the adult males being most distinctive with their inflated head, more prominent eyes, a strongly curved suborbital and relatively plain dark body colour. The yellowsurrounded black spot on the upper part of the caudal fin in both sexes is distinctive. Females and immature males with indistinct pigmentation could be confused with P. poicilosoma, which usually has 15 pectoral rays (versus usually 16 in P. avicennia), and has a pair of dark spots at the base of the caudal fin (versus a single conspicuous black spot on the upper caudal base in P. avicennia; if a lower dark spot is present it is smaller and more diffuse).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF4482CFF53F0A5FA7EF9A2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and Indonesia (west of Lydekker’s Line).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF4482CFF53F0A5FA7EF9A2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. This species is found in mangroves and lower estuaries of rivers and streams, at depths of 0 – 2 m; nearly always associated with mangroves [its etymology reflects its association with the mangrove genus Avicennia].	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF04820FF53F64CFDD6FD43.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 81 B 7 ABA 7 - FA 4 D- 4 D 2 B- 8 FD 7 - 41 C 33 A 32 BF 89 Figs 1 and 8, Tables 2 – 5, 8	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF04820FF53F64CFDD6FD43.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: NTM S. 18268 - 001 (ex AMS I. 20890 - 001), 25 mm SL male, Little Horse Creek, Victoria River, Northern Territory, Australia, D. F. Hoese, 12 June 1978. Paratypes: NORTHERN TERRITORY: AMS I. 20890 - 001, 36 (9 – 27.5), same data as holotype; NTM S. 17346 - 005, 12 (11 – 21.5), first creek upstream from Maningrida, Liverpool River, M. Hammer and Waterhouse Club, 16 May 2012; NTM S. 15537 - 006, 5 (18 – 21.5), creek at Middle Point beach, West Alligator Head, H. K. Larson and party, 9 June 2001; NTM S. 13036 - 001, 1 (20.5), freshwater, Darwin River, P. Hurley, December 1990. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: AMS I. 25522 - 003, 3 (22 – 22.5), creek by caravan park, King Sound, Derby, Western Australia, D. F. Hoese and D. Rennis, 21 September 1985; AMS I. 25538 - 022, 5 (21 – 30.5), Parry Creek, 7.5. km from road, Wyndham, Western Australia, D. F. Hoese and D. Rennis, 28 September 1985; WAM P. 34040 - 003, 3 (23 – 24.5), Bindoola Creek at junction with Pentecost River, Western Australia, Bush Blitz Survey BBK- 14 - 008, M. Hammer and G. Moore, 1 June 2014. Additional material (no data taken). NORTHERN TERRITORY: AMS I. 18392 - 003, 6, Tomkinson River, J. Taylor, 3 May 1975; NTM S. 14025 - 014, 12, Nyarnpi Creek, Roper River, H. Larson and R. Williams, 9 September 1994; NTM S. 10720 - 004, 1, Cannon Hill Lagoon, East Alligator River, H. Midgley, 20 February 1973; NTM S. 14024 - 017, 6, small creek north side Roper River, HL 94 - 16, H. K. Larson and R. S. Williams, 8 September 1994; NTM S. 14390 - 008, 13, small creek, Melville Island, HL 96 - 9, H. K. Larson and G. M. Dally, 6 October 1996; NTM S. 14885 - 001, 200, Middle Point, Adelaide River, B. Richards and H. Sakurai, 21 November 1996; AMS I. 24683 - 005, 74, Blackmore River, D. Hoese and party, 8 September 1984; NTM S. 16054 - 006, 4, Keep River, SITE 13, D. Buckle and party, 25 July 2004. QUEENSLAND: AMS I. 22789 - 006, 1, Norman River, G. S. and M. Hardy, 6 July 1980; AMS I. 23277 - 013, 1, Mission River mouth, Wallaby Island, Weipa, D. Hoese and D. Rennis, 9 October 1982.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF04820FF53F64CFDD6FD43.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 6 – 8; anal rays I, 6 – 8; pectoral rays 15 – 18; 16 segmented caudal rays in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 24 – 28; TRB 7 – 81 / 2; predorsal scales 7 – 8; opercle usually with three rows of cycloid scales, 1 – 2 cycloid scales on cheek close behind eye; shoulder girdle with smooth bony edge; tongue short, tip blunt or bluntly rounded; in males, upper jaw teeth in outer row long, evenly sized and evenly spaced, fairly straight and slightly flattened with pointed tips, while in females, upper jaw teeth of small to mediumlength (not as long as in males), compressed, slender, teeth often close-set but may be slightly apart, tips blunt or sharp; scale margins on upper three-quarters of body edged with brown, 3 – 6 small brown blotches along mid-side of body with posteriormost blotch at hypural crease, caudal fin with two distinct round or almost square dark brown spots, just above and below mid-lateral line (upper spot may coalesce with spot on hypural crease); known only from estuarine to fresh waters of northern Australia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF04820FF53F64CFDD6FD43.taxon	description	Description. Based on 29 specimens, 15.5 – 30.5 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 25 mm SL holotype (Fig. 8 D). First dorsal VI *; second dorsal I, 6 – 8 (usually I, 7 *); anal I, 6 – 8 (usually 7 *); pectoral rays 15 – 18 (usually 17 *); segmented caudal rays 16 *, in 9 / 7 pattern; branched caudal rays 7 / 6 – 9 / 7, modally 8 / 7 *; lateral scale count 24 – 28 (usually 25 *); TRB 7 – 8 ½ (usually 8 *); predorsal scale count 7 * – 8 (usually 7). Body slender, compressed. Body depth at anal origin 17.4 – 21.4 % SL (mean 19.7 %). Head wider than deep, HL 21.3 – 28.4 % SL (mean 26.0 %). Head depth at posterior preopercular margin 56.8 – 67.7 HL (mean 62.5 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 66.1 – 79.6 % HL (mean 71.7 %). Mouth small, subterminal, almost horizontal; jaws reaching to vertical from about mid-eye in adult males and to anterior half of eye in females; upper jaw 27.7 – 51.5 % HL (mean 34.7 %); lips relatively thin, lower lip broadly fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, top usually forming part of dorsal profile, 27.6 – 33.3 % HL (mean 30.0 %). Snout rounded and slightly inflated, 22.4 – 31.8 % HL (mean 26.4 %). Interorbital moderate, 15.3 – 21.5 % HL (mean 18.7 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 26.2 – 32.6 % SL (mean 30.3 %). Caudal peduncle depth 11.9 – 14.9 % SL (mean 13.6 %). First dorsal fin low, rounded, first to third spines longest. Appressed first dorsal fin length 14.4 – 20.4 % SL (mean 18.2 %), fin falling short of second dorsal in both sexes. First dorsal spine length 14.1 – 17.3 % SL (mean 15.6 %). Second dorsal spine length 13.5 – 15.4 % SL (mean 14.7 %). Third dorsal spine length 11.2 – 15.6 % SL (mean 14.3 %). Second dorsal fin taller than first; anal fin height moderate; both fins slightly pointed posteriorly, posteriormost rays longest, fins falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval, central rays longest, extending back to vertical above anus or just before, 19.2 – 23.8 % SL (mean 21.0 %). Pelvic fins rounded, reaching just over halfway to anus, 15.1 – 20.0 % SL (mean 18.0 %). Caudal fin broad, rounded posteriorly, 16.0 – 32.0 % SL (mean 28.2 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril rounded, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening extending forward to just under opercle; rarely to under mid-opercle. Shoulder girdle with smooth bony edge. Tongue short, tip blunt or bluntly rounded. In males, upper jaw teeth in outer row long, evenly sized and spaced, fairly straight and slightly flattened with pointed tips, teeth in the 1 – 2 inner rows very small, close-set and sharp; lower jaw with two rows of teeth, outermost teeth slightly flattened, pointed or blunt and may have orange tips, a pair of curved canine teeth behind all rows. In females, upper jaw teeth in two rows, small to medium-length (not as long as in males), compressed, slender, teeth often close-set but may be slightly apart, tips blunt or sharp; lower jaw teeth similar but teeth always shorter. Body scales ctenoid to behind or above pectoral fin base but no further forward; cycloid scales on predorsal and pectoral fin base; opercle usually with three rows of cycloid scales, 1 – 2 cycloid scales may be present on cheek close behind eye; belly scales ctenoid anteriorly and cycloid on posterior half; midline may be all cycloid. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern similar to that of P. hoesei n. sp. (Fig. 12). Coloration of preserved material. Head and body yellowish white or pale brownish (depending on preservation), with scale margins on head and upper three-quarters of body narrowly edged with brown, 3 – 6 small brown round or elongate blotches along mid-side of body, posteriormost at hypural crease, and a few scattered small brown spots on predorsal area. Three to five indistinct oblique brown small saddles or short bars across dorsum, longest (at middle of first dorsal fin) reaching down to first mid-lateral brown blotch (dorsal saddles are remnants of dusky brown bars when fish alive). Interorbital and snout plain brownish, with pale bar from eye to lip, covering nostrils; behind pale bar a dark brown bar from eye to middle of jaw. Cheek and opercle with variable brown mottling and small blotches, may form oblique wedge across opercle ending in dark brown blotch at upper rear corner of opercle. Chin and lips dusky grey in adult males; chin unpigmented in females. Breast and belly faintly dusky grey in males, unpigmented in females. In males, first dorsal fin evenly dusky grey with transparent submarginal stripe; second dorsal fin dusky grey basally or may have a series of vertical dark grey streaks beside base of each fin element, a narrow dark grey median stripe present with broad transparent stripe above it and a mostly dusky grey margin; anal fin pale to dark grey with translucent margin. Females with similar pattern on dorsal fins but fins more transparent and with much less pigmentation; anal fin mostly translucent with faintly grey submarginal stripe. Caudal fin (in both sexes) with two distinct round or almost square dark brown spots, one just above mid-lateral line and other spot ventral to mid-lateral line; upper spot may partly coalesce with posteriormost mid-lateral brown spot at hypural crease; small dark brown spot at middle of procurrent rays; in male rest of fin dusky grey to plain brownish, darkest anteriorly; in females rest of fins translucent with scattered melanophores. Pectoral fin transparent with indistinct grey or brown blotch at upper base extending onto upper fin rays. Pelvic fins translucent. Coloration of fresh material. Based on photos of fresh dead and live fish (Fig. 8). Colour pattern very similar to preserved specimens. Head and body translucent pale brownish or yellowish white, scale margins thinly outlined with melanophores. Markings on head and body dark brown to blackish. Transparent stripe on dorsal fins replaced by bright yellow or pinkish yellow. Dark brown stripe on cheek (from eye to rear of preopercle) distinct; brown bar from eye to jaw less so. Opercle with bluish white speckling on ventral half. Pectoral fin base with iridescent white area below dorsal brown blotch. Peritoneum silvery white, blackish dorsally. Iris pinkish gold. Comparisons. This species is distinctive in having at least one scale on the upper cheek behind the eye, 4 – 5 dusky grey vertical bars along the side of the body and a black-bordered yellow band on the outer part of both dorsal fins. It is restricted to northern Australia, known from Derby, Western Australia, to Weipa, Queensland.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF04820FF53F64CFDD6FD43.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to northern Australia, known only from northern Western Australia, the Northern Territory and north-west Queensland (Gulf of Carpentaria and western Cape York).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF04820FF53F64CFDD6FD43.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Estuarine to freshwater, found in tidal rivers, mangrove creeks and muddy tide-pools, at depths of 0 – 1 m, with substrate of sandy mud, mud and mangrove roots and leaf litter. Typically co-occurs with P. aquilonius and other local Pseudogobius species other than P. jeffi n. sp.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFF04820FF53F64CFDD6FD43.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named cinctus (from the Latin for belt or girdle) in reference to the distinctive vertical dark bars or bands on the body in this species.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFC4826FF53F32CFCDEFEEA.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: D 324832 A-C 101 - 4280 - 807 C- 5 FDACFBA 2 CB 1 Figs 1, 9 – 10, Tables 2 – 5, 9 – 10	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFC4826FF53F32CFCDEFEEA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: AMS I. 17459 - 002, 30.5 mm SL female, Port Hacking, Audley National Park, New South Wales, Australia, R. Kuiter, 5 January 1974. Paratypes: QUEENSLAND: AMS I. 35824 - 001, 2 (26 – 26.5), Bulimba Creek, Tingalpa, Brisbane, R. McKay and J. Johnson, 31 March 1977; QM I. 25239, 34 (20 – 30.5), Boggy Creek, Brisbane River mouth, J. Johnson, P. Short and P. Lawless, 12 July 1988; QM I. 33606, 18 (19 – 28.5), Maroochy River, C. Harris, 22 August 2002. NEW SOUTH WALES: AMS I. 16960 - 002, 24 (16.5 – 32.5), Hen and Chicken Bay, Parramatta River, Macquarie University fish class, 80 m seine, 12 August 1972; AMS I. 16961 - 002, 14 (16 – 31.5), Hen and Chicken Bay, Parramatta River, Macquarie University fish class, 30 m seine, 12 August 1972; AMS I. 15909 - 005, 5 (18.5 – 29.5), Warrell Creek, Scotts Head, Macquarie University fish class, seine, 24 August 1970; AMS I. 16907 - 006, 15 (22 – 31), Narrabeen Lake, Sydney, D. F. Hoese and party, 3 m seine and hand nets, 13 January 1972; AMS I. 42948 - 003, 27 (21 – 33), Sydney Olympic Park, Narawang, Sydney, J. Pogonoski, P. Gerarty and J. Stokes, 19 November 2003; AMS I. 17596 - 004, 10 (23 – 36), Nadgee Nature Reserve, Wally Newtons Beach, J. Paxton and party, seine net, 29 November 1973. VICTORIA: AMS I. 24715 - 001, 2 (30.5 – 33), beside jetty, Gippsland Lakes, Melbourne University students, 3 October 1978; AMS I. 16972 - 001, 62 (14 – 34.5), Lake Bunga, D. Hoese and W. Congleton, hand net, 14 March 1972; AMS I. 23456 - 002, 27 (19 – 27), Stoney Point, Western Port Bay, D. Hoese and party, hand net, 5 October 1975; NMV A 32250 - 001, 4 (27 – 31), Cherry Lake outlet, Melbourne, ANGFA Victoria, dip net, 4 October 2013; NTM S. 17884 - 001, 6 (25.5 – 32), Cherry Lake outlet, Melbourne, ANGFA Victoria, dip net, 4 October 2013. TASMANIA: AMS I. 17570 - 003, 5 (25.5 – 33), Dennison River mouth, D. Hoese and W. Ivantsoff, seine net, 5 December 1972. Additional material (no data taken). QUEENSLAND: AMS I. 19578 - 012, 8, Toorbul, Morton Bay, CSIRO, 1 October 1974; NTM S. 18208 - 001, 2, Bridgewater Creek, Cooparoo, Brisbane, M. Hammer and M. H. Hammer, 1 May 2010; QM I. 26872, 3, Tooway Creek, Coloundra, J. Short, 9 September 1990; QM I. 25226, 2, Doboy Creek, Brisbane, J. Johnson, 22 June 1988; QM 21149, 1, North Pine River, G. Leiber, May 1984; QM I. 23448, 6, Lake Weyba, Noosa, A Nimmo, 10 April 1987. NEW SOUTH WALES: NTM S. 18269 - 001, 6, Macleay River, Stuarts Point, P. Unmack and party, 7 May 2015; ANSP 135496, 20, Parramatta River, Hen and Chicken Bay, MUF 76 - 3, 7 August 1976; AMS I. 16475 - 016, 4, Smiths Lake, J. Paxton, 21 May 1972; NTM S. 16391 - 002, 1, D. Farrell, Botany Bay, Sydney, 9 February 1979; NTM S. 16870 - 002, 3 (20 - 25), Babbage Creek, Roseville, Sydney Harbour, M. Abell and ANGFA party, 10 December 2006; AMS I. 16015 - 010, 6, Smiths Lake, Macquarie University, May 1971; AMS I. 16954 - 017, 9, Cowan Creek, Hawkesbury River, J. Paxton and H. Recher, 22 November 1972; AMS I. 16957 - 004, 10, Balls Head Bay, Sydney Harbour, Macquarie University, 1972; AMS I. 6959 - 001, 4, Parramatta River, Cabarita Park, Macquarie University, 12 August 1972; NTM S. 17273 - 001, 2, Camden Haven River, Laurieton, M. Cranfield, 26 December 2011; NTM S. 14206 - 001, 2, Shelley Lagoon, Byron Bay, J. Esdaile, September 1993; AMS I. 20042 - 002, Ratshead Creek, Narooma, D Hoese and I Briggs, 18 September 1974. VICTORIA: NTM S. 17742 - 001, 4 (21 - 24), Lake King, G. Briggs, 20 June 2014; NTM S. 17741 - 001, 5 (19 - 22), Paynesville, G. Briggs, 20 June 2014; NTM S. 17744 - 001, 4 (22 - 28), Shallow Inlet Road, Yanakie, PU 14 - 87, P. Unmack and C. Brumley, 10 July 2014; NTM S. 17743 - 001, 22 (13 - 30), Old Welshpool, SE Gippsland, PU 14 - 89, P. Unmack and C. Brumley, 10 July 2014; AMS I. 16973 - 003, Lake King at Metung, D. Hoese and W. Congleton, 15 march 1972; AMS I. 21443 - 001, 10, Tambo River, Red Cliffs, T Berra and party, 18 October 1979; NTM S. 17673 - 001, 3 (23 - 24), Merri River, Warrnambool, N. Romanowshi, February 2012. TASMANIA: AMS I. 17546 - 005, 21, Browns River, Kingston, D. Hoese and W. Ivantsoff, 30 November 1972; AMS I. 17565 - 004, 5, Fortesque Bay, D. Hoese and W. Ivantsoff, 2 December 1972.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFC4826FF53F32CFCDEFEEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays usually I, 7 (rarely 6 or 8); anal rays usually I, 7 (rarely 6 or 8); pectoral rays 13 – 17; 16 – 19 segmented caudal rays, usually in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 25 – 27; TRB usually 8; predorsal scales 7 – 10; opercle with several rows of small cycloid scales, uppermost row scales may be ctenoid; cheek usually naked but some specimens with up to three cycloid scales on lower cheek; shoulder girdle usually smooth, may have narrow bony to fleshy or knobbly flange along edge; tongue short with tip blunt to round- ed; upper jaw teeth in outer row always largest, stout and conical, curved to fairly straight with slightly pointed to almost blunt tips; side of body with six mid-lateral small dark brown round to elongate spots, which may be joined by brown cross-hatching on scales; caudal fin narrow, with horizontal Y or double-spot pattern at base of fin; known from temperate estuarine to freshwater areas in south-eastern Australia (Victoria to Queensland and Tasmania).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFC4826FF53F32CFCDEFEEA.taxon	description	Description. Based on 65 specimens, 23 – 36 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 30.5 mm SL female holotype (Fig. 10 C). First dorsal VI *; second dorsal I, 6 – 8 (usually 7 *); anal I, 6 – 8 (usually I, 7, 8 in holotype); pectoral rays 13 – 17 (usually 15 *); segmented caudal rays 9 / 7 – 10 / 9, usually 9 / 7 *; branched caudal rays 7 / 6 (in 7), 7 / 7 (6), 8 / 6 * (15), 8 / 7 (31), 8 / 8 (1), 9 / 7 (4); lateral scale count 25 – 27 * (usually 26); TRB 8 * – 10 (usually 8); predorsal scale count 7 * – 10 (usually 8). Gill rakers on outer face of first arch 2 + 5 (in 2), 2 + 6 (2), 3 + 6 (5). Body rounded anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Head rounded, slightly wider than deep (HL 22.8 – 27.1 % SL (mean 25.2 %). Head depth at posterior preopercular margin 60.6 – 74.4 HL (mean 65.4 %). Head width at posterior preopercular margin 62.5 – 79.2 % HL (mean 69.8 %). Mouth small, subterminal, horizontal to very slightly oblique; jaws reaching to vertical through mid-eye or slightly further back in adult males and to just anterior to mid-eye in females; upper jaw 15.2 – 48.1 % HL (mean 35.2 %), jaws in male larger than in female (mean 39.4 % of HL versus 32.1 % in females); lips relatively thin to fleshy, lower lip fused to chin anteriorly; Eyes lateral, high on head, top forming part of dorsal profile, 24.4 – 40.9 % HL (mean 28.3 %). Snout rounded and may be slightly inflated, 22.7 – 30.5 % HL (mean 26.6 %). Interorbital moderate, 9.5 – 19.5 % HL (mean 14.5 %). Body depth at anal origin 16.8 – 23.3 % SL (mean 19.5 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 27.0 – 33.7 % SL (mean 29.7 %). Caudal peduncle depth 10.8 – 18.1 % SL (mean 12.3 %). First dorsal fin low, roughly triangular with rounded margin, with first to third spines longest, first or second usually longest (first spine longest in 14 of those measured; second spine longest in 15). Appressed first dorsal fin falling just short of second dorsal fin origin or barely reaching fin in adult males, fin always falling short of second dorsal fin in females; fin length 16.7 – 19.6 % SL (mean 17.8 %). First dorsal spine length 16.2 – 18.9 % SL (mean 17.0 %). Second dorsal spine length 13.2 – 18.9 % SL (mean 14.5 %). Third dorsal spine length 13.1 – 14.3 % SL (mean 13.5 %). Second dorsal and anal fin heights moderate, fins rounded (females) to pointed (males) posteriorly with an- teriormost rays longest, fin falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed in females and just reaching caudal fin rays in males. Pectoral fin oval, central rays longest, reaching back to vertical just before anus or slightly before, 18.9 – 24.2 % SL (mean 21.5 %). Pelvic fins rounded, just reaching anus in males, shorter in females, 19.3 – 23.6 % SL (mean 21.2 %). Caudal fin oval, narrow, can appear almost rectangular, bluntly rounded posteriorly, 23.9 – 41.1 % SL (mean 30.5 %); fin usually longer in males. Anterior nostril in very short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril rounded to oval, with very low rim, placed close by mid-level of eye. Gill opening extending from pectoral fin base or to under mid-opercle, usually well under opercle. Gill rakers on outer face of first arch short and fleshy. Shoulder girdle usually smooth, may have narrow bony to fleshy or knobbly flange along edge. Tongue short with tip blunt to rounded, occasionally slightly concave. Upper jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, teeth in outer row always largest, stout and conical, curved to fairly straight with slightly pointed to almost blunt tips; teeth in inner rows very small, close-set and sharp. Lower jaw teeth in about three rows, conical, and curved to almost upright in outermost row, with sharp tips; no symphyseal canines present. Teeth in females always smaller than in males. Body scales ctenoid to behind pectoral fin; usually cycloid scales on predorsal (four specimens from Narrabeen Lake, Sydney, and one from Maroochy River, Queensland, with ctenoid predorsal scales on midline; opercle with several rows of small cycloid scales, uppermost row of scales occasionally ctenoid; cheek usually naked but may have up to three cycloid scales on lower rear part; pectoral fin base with cycloid scales; belly with ctenoid scales anteriorly, often cycloid near anus, or all scales ctenoid. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern similar to those of P. olorum but for (occasionally) scales on cheek (Fig. 9). Coloration of preserved material. Head and body whitish to pale yellowish brown, with darker brown markings. Head with plain grey to brown snout; nape with irregular brown mottling and small spots. Cheek and opercle with variable scattered dusky grey to dark brown small spots; may be small brown blotch or short bar at lower rear edge of eye. Lips pale to dark brown in both sexes, darkest in adult males. Underside of head whitish in females, with few scattered melanophores; underside, including breast, dusky grey to dark brown in males. Side of body with six mid-lateral widely spaced small dark brown round to elongate spots, which may be joined by brown crosshatching present on scales. Dorsum with 5 – 6 short dark brown blotches, commencing on mid-nape; blotches often coalescing with grey pigment on upper half of body; scales on dorsal half of body may have thin dark brown margin. Lower half of body with scattered small dark brown spots; scales with brown cross-hatching. Predorsal with brown mottling and indistinct spots. Breast and belly plain whitish in females; dusky grey to brownish in males. Peritoneum very dark brown to black dorsally, becoming silvery on sides and transparent ventrally. Four internal greyish to brown narrow blotches along ventral midline, two above anal fin and two on caudal peduncle. On scaly base of caudal fin, two dark brown to blackish rounded spots, placed above and below posteriormost mid-lateral spot; upper caudal fin spots may partly coalesce with mid-lateral spot; lowermost caudal fin spot may be placed slightly further away from mid-lateral spot. First dorsal fin transparent to slightly dusky brown, with 2 – 3 brown to blackish stripes; uppermost on fin margin, lowermost more oblique, running just above fin base; distinct black spot at rear of fin between fifth and sixth spines; brown stripes variable in size and intensity. Second dorsal fin transparent to pale greyish with 3 – 4 brown stripes, often broken up into rows of brown spots; markings fading or coalescing toward rear of fin; margin transparent. Anal fin plain dusky grey to translucent, with indistinct broad brownish stripe in middle; fin plain pale to dark grey in adult males. Caudal fin transparent to pale greyish with 6 – 8 irregular curving rows of small brown spots, becoming more scattered and diffuse posteriorly. Pectoral fin base as in body colour with small dark brown square blotch on upper part. Pectoral fin transparent to slightly grey, with rays having scattered brown speckling mostly on upper part of fin (especially in males). Pelvic fins translucent with greyish speckling along fifth rays; in adult males, fin pale to dark grey-brown with sides of disc and most of frenum clear; base of frenum near breast dark brown (may form thin line or bar). Coloration of fresh material. From photos of captive fish from New South Wales locations by Mark Abell and Nick Romanovski (and see Fig. 10). Head and body translucent brownish grey, whitish ventrally; scales on most body with dark brown to red-brown cross-hatched or / \ shaped markings. About 6 – 8 dark brown short blotches across dorsum; about five rectangular to rounded dark brown spots along lateral midline and scattered smaller dark brown spots on dorsal half of body. Dark brown spot on scaled part of caudal fin just above last mid-lateral brown spot and similar dark spot at lower base of fin. Several small dark brown blotches or spots present just above pectoral fin base. Peritoneum silvery white over abdomen, usually showing through body wall. Side of head with short dark brown bar from lower rear edge of eye across cheek, may be second short oblique dark mark from above upper jaw. Iris dull golden to orange-gold. First dorsal fin transparent with 2 – 3 brown bands, broadest always along margin, remaining bands may be broken-up or missing; distinct black rounded blotch at rear of fin with bright blue area dorsally and behind black spot. Second dorsal fin transparent with 2 – 4 irregular rows of brownish spots and streaks. Anal fin transparent with brownish speckled on rays. Caudal fin transparent with about 5 – 6 irregular brownish bands, darkest near base. Pectoral fin transparent, with rounded dark brown spot at base of uppermost few rays. Pelvic fins with translucent pale golden rays. Comparisons. This species is similar to P. olorum and can be distinguished by having a second dorsal and anal ray count of I, 6 - 8, usually I, 7 (versus I, 8 - 9, usually I, 8 second dorsal rays and I, 7 – 9, usually I, 8 anal rays in P. olorum), fewer predorsal scales (7 – 10, usually 8, versus 8 – 11, usually 10), lower TRB count (usually 8 versus usually 10) and in a lower lateral scale count of 25 – 27 (versus 27 – 30). The two are almost identical in colour pattern, but P. olorum is typically of more robust appearance with a larger head in males (mean 25.5 in P. eos versus 27.8 % SL in P. olorum).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFC4826FF53F32CFCDEFEEA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to eastern Australia; known from southern Queensland (as far north as Agnes Water), New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. Hybrid individuals involving this species with P. olorum occur in very south-west Victoria, south-east South Australia and north-west Tasmania.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFC4826FF53F32CFCDEFEEA.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Shallow-water estuarine, found in estuaries of rivers, streams and mangroves, at depths of 0 – 3 m. Typically much more coastal in distribution than the frequently inland P. olorum (likely in part relating to the topography of higher gradient streams along the Great Dividing Range habitat of south-eastern Australia, compared to the lower relief in south-western Australia). Gee and Gee (1991, 1995; under the name of P. olorum) conducted experiments on the air-breathing ability of this species (and six other gobies) under hypoxic conditions. Pseudogobius held an air bubble in the mouth cavity to assist in surface respiration but did not possess the abundant capillaries in the mouth cavity or skin on the dorsal surface of the head as in Chlamydogobius or Mugilogobius. Ford et al. (2004) investigated behaviour of captive specimens due to experimental increase in temperature. Co-occurs with P. aquilonius and P. jeffi n. sp. at its northern distribution extent.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFC4826FF53F32CFCDEFEEA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named eos, the Greek meaning dawn or east, in reference to the distribution of this species.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFC4826FF53F32CFCDEFEEA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Two morphotypes have been long recognised within P. olorum with a purported split at the Glenelg River in western Victoria (Larson and Hoese 1996). The complementary genetic analysis (Hammer et al. 2021) provides support for a general east-west break as good species, however it indicates the central area of overlap in the two taxa (Murray Mouth to Glenelg River inclusive and north-west Tasmania) represents a hybrid zone between the taxa. The material examined for the description of the eastern form, Pseudogobius eos, deliberately avoided this area of overlap to focus on pure populations. Further morphological work, referenced to tissue vouchered material, would be beneficial to characterise hybrid individuals and to fully map the hybrid zone. Hammer et al. (2021) found major phylogenetic structure within P. eos (their P. sp. 9) for nuclear markers with two distinct sub-groups, one in western Victoria (from Port Phillip Bay west to before the Glenelg River) and anoth- er for northern populations (New South Wales and Queensland), but with major admixture across a relatively wide area encompassing Western Port and Gippsland (all had only a single mitochondrial DNA lineage). Consequently, they concluded the genetic structure was more likely to represent admixture between sub-groups (i. e. eos A and B) rather than the presence of two species. While there are five meristic characters to aid separation of P. olorum from P. eos, a preliminary examination of data for ‘ pure’ populations from the two P. eos sub-groups revealed only one character (predorsal scales) with any indication of being diagnostically informative (Table 10), and hence there is no support for an additional species based on morphology.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFA4819FF53F184FE34FD0A.taxon	description	Figs 1 and 11, Tables 1 – 5, 11	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFA4819FF53F184FE34FD0A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. MALAYSIA: NTM S. 15547 - 010, 37 (7 – 17), turbid pools in disturbed mangroves and around sluice-gate and bund, Sungei Sementa, Sementa kampung, Klang, H. K. Larson and party, 16 October 2002; NTM S. 15552 - 014, 4 of 18 (10 – 16), Sementa River, Klang, HL 02 - 02, H. K. Larson and party, 5 October 2002. VIET- NAM: S. 17896 - 002, 2 (16 – 16), Soc Tran, K. Shibukawa, L. X. Tran and H. V. Mai, 16 May 2012. AUSTRALIA, NORTHERN TERRITORY: NTM S. 13478 - 001, 2 (16.5 – 17.5), sample site 3 patch F, by Channel Island bridge, Darwin, M. Burke, 14 July 1991; NTM S. 13474 - 005, 1 (13.5), sample site 3 patch M, by Channel Island bridge, Darwin, M. Burke, 2 July 1991; NTM S. 18270 - 001, 13 (16 – 19), Rapid Creek mangroves, Darwin, MH 14 - 07, M. Hammer, 28 April 2014; NTM S. 13518 - 014, 28 (14.5 – 18), small mangrove channel off Home Creek, Bing Bong area, Gulf of Carpentaria, H. K. Larson, K. Akerman and R. Lau, 5 September 1992. Additional material (no data taken). VIETNAM: NTM S. 17896 - 002, 2, Soc Tran, K. Shibukawa and party, 16 May 2012. THAILAND: USNM 316211, 5, Klong Tana, T. Roberts and P. Wongrat, 9 May 1970. SINGAPORE: NTM S. 17901 - 002, 2, Mangroves, Sungei Buloh, K. Lim, 30 January 1992; NTM S. 13957 - 016, 20 (10 - 20), Sungei Pandan, HL 93 - 47, H. K. Larson and party, 29 December 1993. BRUNEI: NTM S. 14794 - 011, 17, Sungai Raya, Sungei Temburong, HL 97 - 69, H. K. Larson and party, 21 August 1997; NTM S. 14812 - 018, 4, Sungai Mataiang, Temburong, HL 97 - 87, H. K. Larson and party, 30 August 1997. AUSTRALIA: AMS I. 23281 - 025, 16, Mission River Mouth, Weipa, Queensland, D. F. Hoese and D. Rennis, 11 October 1982; NTM S. 17346 - 006, 5, first creek upstream from Maningrida, Liverpool River, Northern Territory, M. Hammer and Waterhouse Club, 16 May 2012; NTM S. 14962 - 012, 4, Sandfly Beach, West Alligator Head, Northern Territory, HL 99 - 4, H. K. Larson and party, 8 September 1999; NTM S. 17970 - 009, 1, drain along Dinah Beach Road, Darwin, MH 15 - 07, M. Hammer and party, 9 October 2015; NTM S. 10419 - 004, 3, creek at Elizabeth River mouth, Darwin Harbour, HL 82 - 6, H. K. Larson, 29 March 1982; NTM S. 18301 - 004, 9, East Arm boat ramp, Darwin harbour, MH 19 - 03, M. Hammer and M. Borok, 21 February 2019.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFA4819FF53F184FE34FD0A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 6 – 7; anal rays I, 6 – 7; pectoral rays 13 – 16; 15 – 16 segmented caudal rays in 8 / 7 or 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 23 – 27; TRB 7 – 8; predorsal scales 6 – 7; opercle with 2 – 4 rows of cycloid scales; cheek naked; shoulder girdle with smooth narrow flange or smooth edge; tongue short, usually blunt; in males, teeth in outer row largest and widely spaced, slightly flattened and usually straight with pointed tips; in females, outer row teeth very small, close-set, evenly sized and usually blunt-tipped; head and body translucent to pale yellowish with 5 – 6 diffuse greyish saddles on dorsum that may extend ventrally as indistinct bars and mid-side of body with five brownish blotches; on scaly base of caudal fin, two blackish rounded spots, placed above and below last mid-lateral brownish spot and broad half-moon shaped to vertical yellow bar extending from these dark spots onto caudal fin itself; known from mangrove habitats in South-east Asia and northern Australia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFA4819FF53F184FE34FD0A.taxon	description	Description. Based on 27 specimens, 13.5 – 19 mm SL. First dorsal VI; second dorsal I, 6 – 7 (usually I, 7); anal I, 6 – 7 (usually 7); pectoral rays 13 – 16 (usually 15); segmented caudal rays usually 9 / 7, rarely 8 / 7; branched caudal rays 6 / 6 – 8 / 6, usually 7 / 6; lateral scale count 23 – 27 (usually 25); TRB 7 – 8 (usually 8); predorsal scale count 6 – 7 (nearly always 7). Gill rakers on outer face of first arch very short, 1 + 4 (1), 2 + 5 (1). Body slender, compressed; females larger than males. Head rounded, wider than deep, HL 25.3 – 30.6 % SL (mean 27.8 %). Depth at posterior preopercular margin 57.1 – 69.0 % HL (mean 62.1 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 65.3 – 82.2 % HL (mean 73.8 %). Mouth small, subterminal, very slightly oblique, jaws reaching to vertical through mid-eye, upper jaw in males 31.7 – 39.5 % HL (mean 35.8 %) and 26.5 – 37.3 % HL (mean 33.1 %) in females; lips thin, lower lip broadly fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, 25.0 – 35.6 % HL (mean 31.0 %). Snout rounded and slightly inflated, 20.8 – 29.8 % HL (mean 25.3 %). Interorbital moderately wide, 16.3 – 26.1 % HL (mean 20.2 %). Body depth at anal origin 18.8 – 24.4 % SL (mean 20.6 %). Caudal peduncle slender, compressed, length 28.4 – 34.2 % SL (mean 31.3 %). Caudal peduncle depth 11.3 – 14.7 % SL (mean 12.9 %). First dorsal fin low, triangular, with somewhat rounded margin, second to third spines longest (usually second). Appressed first dorsal fin falling short of second dorsal in both sexes; appressed fin length 16.6 – 21.3 % SL (mean 18.0 %). Second dorsal spine length 13.7 – 19.4 % SL (mean 15.7 %). Third dorsal spine length 13.5 – 17.1 % SL (mean 14.9 %). Second dorsal and anal fin both short-based, low, fins pointed posteriorly with posteriormost rays longest, rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval to slightly pointed, central rays longest, extending back to vertical above anus, length 15.3 – 25.3 % SL (mean 21.9 %). Pelvic fins oval, rather narrow, just reaching anus, 17.4 – 22.0 % SL (mean 20.2 %). Caudal fin narrow, rounded posteriorly, upper half of fin longer than lower, 24.3 – 33.1 % SL (mean 29.7 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, very close to upper lip and oriented down over lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening extending forward to under mid-opercle. Gill rakers on outer face of first arch very short stubs. Shoulder girdle with smooth narrow flange or edge. Tongue tip short, usually blunt; in some specimens bluntly rounded. Upper jaw teeth in two rows; in males, teeth in outer row largest and widely spaced, slightly flattened and usually straight with pointed tips; teeth in inner row very small, sharp (and very difficult to discern); in females, outer row teeth very small, close-set, evenly sized and usually blunt-tipped. Lower jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, small, conical, close-set, with rather blunt to sharp tips in both sexes. Body scales ctenoid to pectoral fin base, cycloid scales on predorsal; pectoral fin base usually naked, occasionally with few thin cycloid scales ventrally or anteriorly (these usually covered by branchiostegal membrane); opercle covered with 2 – 4, usually 3, rows of cycloid scales, cheek naked; belly scales cycloid. Sensory papillae and canal pores illustrated in Huang et al. (2014 b: fig. 3). Coloration of fresh material. Based on photographs of captive and fresh dead specimens by Michael Hammer and Gianluca Polgar (and see Fig. 11). Head and body transparent to translucent pale yellowish, white ventrally. Five to six diffuse grey saddles on dorsum, may extend down sides as indistinct narrow grey bars. Side of head whitish to very pale brown with broad (sometimes diffuse) brown bar from lower edge of eye running past end of jaws and ending just before ventral margin of preopercle; second narrow (and usually distinct) brown bar from eye to end on jaw about halfway between anterior nostril and corner of mouth; may be third thin brown line from eye to corner of mouth. Cheek and opercle with scattered dusky grey to dark brown mottling and irregular small spots; usually a third narrow dark brown bar from lower rear edge of eye to middle edge of preopercle. Lips narrowly edged with dark brown, in both sexes. Underside of head plain whitish. Side of body with most of body scales narrowly outlined by brown, darkest on dorsum; mid-lateral series of five diffuse brownish blotches, narrow anteriorly diagonal dark brown band from below rear of first dorsal fin, ending above abdomen (band may be quite narrow or diffuse); may be a pair of dark brown spots just behind base of diagonal dark bar on lower side. Breast and belly plain whitish to grey to brown. Peritoneum black dorsally, remain- der whitish. Four internal greyish to blackish blotches along ventral midline, two above anal fin and two on caudal peduncle. Posteriormost dark brown mid-lateral blotch at mid-base of caudal fin, usually elongate, may extend upward partly on to fin. On scaly base of caudal fin itself, two blackish rounded spots, placed above and below last mid-lateral spot, lowermost caudal base spot usually smaller and darker than upper and not in contact with mid-base spot; broad half-moon shaped to vertical bar of yellow extends out from these dark spots onto caudal fin itself. First dorsal fin transparent to translucent yellow, with broad brown to greyish submarginal band and second central greyish to blackish band ending in black spot on membrane between fourth to sixth spines; brown bands may become indistinct but black spot always present. Second dorsal fin transparent to faintly grey with two rows of grey small vertical streaks that may form two dusky grey stripes with yellow area between them, markings fading or coalescing toward rear of fin; fin margin clear to whitish. Anal fin translucent to dusky grey, may have whitish or clear margin. Caudal fin transparent to faintly grey, with no markings other than yellow area at base. Pectoral fin base whitish; fin transparent. Pelvic fins translucent whitish. Coloration of preserved material. Very similar to live colour, but yellow areas absent. Comparisons. This species can be separated from its congeners most easily by its colour pattern of the two black spots at caudal fin base and associated semicircular to vertical band of bright yellow on anterior part of caudal fin which is usually otherwise transparent (lacking dark spots); the four diffuse narrow bars evenly spaced along the body, and its small adult size (19 mm SL).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFA4819FF53F184FE34FD0A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Recorded from Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore and northern Australia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFA4819FF53F184FE34FD0A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Found in mangrove habitats, in shallow tidal areas. Often sympatric with P. poicilosoma, and sometimes with P. avicennia and P. verticalis n. sp.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFFA4819FF53F184FE34FD0A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Type specimens were not available for study, but as our Malaysian material is syntopic with Huang et al. ’ s type specimens, we are confident that they are the same species; plus their photo of the holotype (Huang et al. 2014 b: 110, fig. 2 e) shows the diagnostic yellow patch on the base of the caudal fin. Preliminary genetic analysis from mitochondrial DNA sequence data involving multiple deep lineages suggests this could be a species complex for further investigation (Hammer et al. 2021); one of the lineages corresponded to a distinct morphotype described herein as P. verticalis n. sp.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC5481EFF53F625FCAAFE7A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 0780 BBE 4 - FE 3 B- 47 A 7 - 9 CB 9 - 54 DDD 3 F 89 D 0 B Figs 1, 12 – 13, Tables 2 – 5, 12	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC5481EFF53F625FCAAFE7A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: QM I. 40993 (ex AMS I. 23287 - 009), 27 mm SL male, Bellvue Creek, Embley River, Weipa, Queensland, Australia, D. Hoese and D. Rennis, 13 October 1982. Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: AMS I. 23287 - 009, 145 (8 – 28), same data as holotype; QM I. 38168, 1 (31), Vigden Creek, Horn Island, Torres Strait, Queensland, G. Hinchcock, 12 August 2007; QM I. 38170, 3 (25 – 29), Vigden Creek, Horn Island, Torres Strait, Queensland, G. Hinchcock, 5 August 2007; CSIRO B. 2513, 4 (15 – 25), Prince of Wales Island, Torres Strait, Queensland, J. S. Hynd, 5 September 1959; QM I. 38175, 4 (25 – 28.5), Saibai Island, pond SW of S end of airstrip, G. Hitchcock, Queensland, 25 October 2007; QM I. 38182, 12 (19 – 34.5), Boigu Island, lagoon at S side of airstrip, Queensland, G. Hitchcock, 5 November 2007; NTM S. 16869 - 001, 6 (26 – 30), main channel, McArthur River, Northern Territory, D. Thorburn, 6 May 2008. INDONESIA: MZB 23679, 6 (20.5 – 30), Bemun mangrove channel, Sungai Mermar, Pulau Barakan, Aru Islands, Site 16, R. Hadiaty, G. Allen, M. Erdmann and S. Sauri, 6 December 2016; MZB 21738, 1 (24.5), Sungai Kofukim, Anak Sungai Batu Putih, Ds. Kolaha, Distr. Sisir, Pulau Kola, Aru Islands, Maluku, R. Hadiaty, G. Allen and M. Erdmann, 7 December 2013; WAM P. 31299 - 004, 8 (21.5 – 33), 30 km south on Portsite Road, Timika, Papua, G. R. Allen, 20 April 1997; WAM P. 31255 - 005, 1 (33.5), mangrove creek on Portsite Road, about 100 m S of Kilometre 7, G. R. Allen and party, 21 January 1997; NTM S. 15100 - 001, 1 (36), Ajkwa River, Papua, Freeport Mine survey, 7 February 2000; NTM S. 18264 - 001, 1 (28.5), Lower Mawati River, Papua, K. Hortle, 1997; NTM S. 15117 - 001, 9 (21 – 33), Lower Mawati River, Freeport Mining, 28 February 1997; NTM S. 15193 - 001, 14 (18 – 33.5), Lower Mawati River, Freeport Mine survey, 4 March 1998; NTM S. 15099 - 002, 2 (30 – 33.5), Ajkwa River, Papua, Freeport Mine survey, 6 December 1997. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: AUM 47615, 26 (12.5 – 27), Bautama Creek, at upper limit of mangroves off Magi Highway, Port Moresby, P. Unmack and T. Mala, 19 October 2007; NTM S. 16646 - 007, 10 (22 – 31.5), Bautama Creek, at upper limit of mangroves off Magi Highway, Port Moresby, P. Unmack and T. Mala, 19 October 2007; BPBM 15836, 2 (32.5 – 33), Meiro River, Madang, J. E. Randall and party, 15 August 1973; NTM S. 13672 - 004, 1 (29), Biges River, Sek Harbour, Alexishafen, H. K. Larson and party, 12 October 1992; NTM S. 13674 - 011, 2 (32.5 – 34), Biges River, Alexishafen, H. K. Larson and party, 12 October 1992; USNM 316208, 3 (30.5 – 33), Dogura Creek, 10 miles SE of Port Moresby on Rigo Road, B. B. Collette, 21 June 1970. Additional material (no data taken). INDONESIA: NTM S. 14829 - 001, 9, Lower Mawati River, Papua, Freeport Mining, 8 December 1997; TUBRI 172779, 4, Lower Mawati River, Papua, D. Norris, 4 September 1993; TUBRI 172862, 1, Lower Mawati River, Papua, D. Norris, 27 January 1994; TUBRI 172843, 2, West Minajerwi River, Papua, D. Norris, 26 January 1994; TUBRI 172827, 1, East Ajkwa River, Papua, D. Norris, 26 January 1994. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: USNM 297095, 5, Cape Ward Hunt, B. Collette, 17 June 1979; NTM S. 13689 - 013, 20 (14 - 35), Biges River, Mililat Harbour, Madang, HL 92 - 64, H. K. Larson and party, 23 October 1992; WAM P. 26751 - 007, 2, Binaturi River, Ture Ture, G. Allen, 27 September 1979. AUSTRALIA: NTM S. 12776 - 001, 2, Heales Creek, Weipa, Queensland, S. Blaber, 27 August 1987; AMS I. 23281 - 024, 16, Mission River Mouth, Weipa, Queensland, D. F. Hoese and D. Rennis, 11 October 1982; NTM S. 12775 - 007, 4, Embley River, Weipa, Queensland, S. Blaber, 24 August 1987; NTM S. 18266 - 01, 20, Trunding Creek, Weipa, Queensland, M. Hammer and party, 22 November 2015; NTM S. 16506 - 001, 2, Albert River, Queensland, NIC 3, NAFF, 12 May 2007; NTM S. 16538 - 001, 2, Little Bynoe River, Queensland, P. Unmack, PU 01 - 40, 10 August 2001; NTM S. 12419 - 004, 81, Cox River, Northern Territory, H. Larson and W. Houston, 18 July 1988; USNM 316209, 1, Little Lagoon tributary, Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, R. Miller and party, 26 June 1948.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC5481EFF53F625FCAAFE7A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 6 – 7; anal rays I, 6 – 7; pectoral rays 14 – 17; 16 segmented caudal rays in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 23 – 27; TRB 7 – 8; predorsal scales 6 – 7; opercle with several rows of cycloid scales, cheek naked; shoulder girdle with smooth to fleshy edge; tongue reduced, tip blunt; in males, outer row teeth evenly spaced, compressed, with bluntly pointed tips while in females, outer row teeth compressed, blunt-tipped and closely-set; scale margins on head and body edged with brown, giving body net-like pattern, 5 – 6 distinct dark brown or black elongate blotches along mid-side of body, posteriormost at hypural crease where it extends onto caudal fin and coalesces with broad vertical dark brown bar on fin base; known from mangrove creeks and lower reaches of streams on the Australian plate (Aru Islands, New Guinea and north-eastern Australia).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC5481EFF53F625FCAAFE7A.taxon	description	Description. Based on 55 specimens, 23.0 – 27.0 mm SL. An asterisk indicates counts of the holotype (Fig. 13 D). First dorsal VI *; second dorsal I, 6 – 7 (usually I, 7 *); anal I, 6 – 7 (usually I, 7 *); pectoral rays 15 – 17 (usually 16 *); segmented caudal rays 16 *, in 9 / 7 pattern; branched caudal rays 7 / 6 – 8 / 7, usually 8 / 7 *; lateral scale count 23 – 27 (24 in holotype); TRB 7 – 8 * (usually 8); predorsal scale count 6 – 7 (usually 7 *). Body rounded or slightly compressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Head slightly wider than deep, HL 23.1 – 29.1 % SL (mean 26.3 %). Head depth at posterior preopercular margin 55.7 – 98.5 % HL (mean 66.3 %). Head width at posterior preopercular margin 61.8 – 85.2 % HL (mean 71.6 %). Mouth small, subterminal, slightly oblique; jaws reaching to vertical through anterior half of eye; males with slightly longer jaws; upper jaw 28.6 – 51.1 % HL (mean 39.3 %); lips thin, lower lip broadly fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, top may form part of dorsal profile, eye width 25.0 – 35.3 % HL (mean 30.9 %). Snout rounded, 22.6 – 26.8 % HL (mean 26.3 %). Interorbital narrow, 13.7 – 29.3 % HL (mean 18.6 %). Body depth before anal origin 19.3 – 22.9 % SL (mean 20.8 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 26.3 – 33.3 % SL (mean 30.5 %). Caudal peduncle depth 11.6 – 16.1 % SL (mean 14.0 %). First dorsal fin low, triangular, third spines longest in females and first spine longest in males. Appressed first dorsal fin falling well short of second dorsal fin origin in both sexes, fin length 16.9 – 23.1 % SL (mean 20.1 %). Third dorsal spine length in males 13.3 – 20.4 % SL (mean 16.6 %). Third dorsal spine length in females 12.5 – 16.4 % SL (mean 14.7 %). Second dorsal and anal fin heights low, fins rounded posteriorly with first few rays longest, rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval, central rays longest, extending back to vertical just short of anus, 18.6 – 25.5 % SL (mean 22.3 %). Pelvic fins oval, short, reaching well short of anus, 16.0 – 24.0 % SL (mean 20.3 %). Caudal fin oval, rounded posteriorly, 25.0 – 35.8 % SL (mean 30.8 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed just below mid-level of eye. Gill opening relatively narrow, extending to just under opercle. Shoulder girdle with smooth to fleshy edge; one specimen with two low fleshy bumps on edge. Tongue reduced, tip blunt. Upper jaw teeth in two rows, in males, outer row teeth evenly spaced, compressed, with bluntly pointed tips; in females, outer row teeth compressed, blunt-tipped and closely-set; teeth in inner row always very small and pointed, mostly concealed in flesh of jaw. Lower jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows; in males, outer row teeth small, evenly spaced, compresses with bluntly pointed tips; two small curved symphyseal canines behind anterior tooth row; females with compressed evenly sized blunt teeth in outer row; teeth in inner row the same as in upper jaw, mostly concealed by flesh. Body scales ctenoid to above pectoral fin base, cycloid scales on predorsal, breast and pectoral fin base; opercle with several rows of cycloid scales; belly scales cycloid. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern as in Fig. 12. Coloration of preserved material. Head and body whitish, shading to brown on dorsal half, scale margins on head and body edged with brown so that most scales outlined in net-like pattern, 5 – 6 distinct dark brown or black elongate blotches along mid-side of body, posteriormost at hypural crease where it extends onto caudal fin and coalesces with broad vertical dark brown bar on fin base; small brown spots on predorsal area (Fig. 13). Small dark brown blotches or rounded spots along dorsum, becoming more distinct over caudal peduncle. Ante- rior part of nape, interorbital and snout plain brown, with dark brown bar from eye to middle of lip running just below nostrils and a diffuse pale brownish area on either side of dark brown bar. Cheek may be plain greyish or with two indistinct broad brown bars crossing obliquely. Lips with black to dark brown edges contrasting with white inner skin. Chin and anterior part of isthmus white speckled with melanophores in males, chin lightly speckled in females with isthmus white; remainder of head and breast white; belly white. Thin blackish to dense black mid-ventral line running from middle (or insertion) of anal fin to end at first ventral procurrent ray. Reticulate net-like pattern most pronounced in mature males, with blotches and lines on body, and spots at caudal fin base, becoming obscured and indistinct with the rows of spots or lines on the caudal fin indistinct or intensified. Regional variation in body patterns occurs (excluding mature males, patterned as above), with fish from the Gulf of Carpentaria having more diffuse markings, and fish from the Timika region of New Guinea having a series of distinct horizontal dash like markings along the sides (evident in preserved and fresh specimens). First dorsal fin translucent to greyish with two diffuse grey to blackish bands; first spine dark grey to black. Second dorsal fin transparent with brownish fin rays and narrow grey margin; largest female specimen with rows of indistinct brownish spots. Anal fin transparent with scattered brownish speckles along rays. Caudal fin transparent with 5 – 6 rows of dark grey to blackish spots forming distinct lines; caudal base with blackish spot at base of upper procurrent rays and two similar spots on either side of mid-base of fin; spots may be fused into vertical bar or partly separate (lowermost spot usually separated). Pectoral fin with transparent membranes, rays speckled with brown. Pelvic fins whitish with scattered fin brownish speckles. Juveniles (up to 20 mm SL) may have bands in first dorsal fin intensified to blackish, especially the band crossing the middle of the fin. Coloration of fresh material. From photographs of Indonesian (Aru Islands and Timika region) captive fish by Gerry Allen and Australian fish by Doug Hoese and Fig. 13. Head and body translucent pale grey, becoming whitish grey or white ventrally, with scale margins thinly edged with dark grey and 4 – 5 elongate large black blotches along mid-side of body (blotches usually irregular in shape and may fuse). Posteriormost blotch on body ending at hypural crease and coalescing with two black spots on each side of mid-base of caudal fin. Elongate large dark diffuse or dense black blotch above pectoral fin base, extending partly above opercle. Narrow line of variably sized small blackish spots running just below mid-lateral series of blotches; line of spots may be indistinct. Dorsum with 6 – 7 blackish blotches or short oblique bars, in no particular pattern. Four internal diffuse blackish short bars along mid-ventral line starting at mid-base of anal fin. Snout and predorsal pale grey to brownish grey. Snout with two short dark brown to blackish bars, one before and one after nostril area, which is pale. Cheek pale grey with broad blackish bar from below eye ending mid-cheek or to ventral margin of preopercle; may be second short blackish bar from behind eye diagonally back toward upper part of preopercular margin. Opercle mostly blackish with scattered pale blue or greenish iridophores; pale blue markings may extend anteriorly onto cheek. Iris golden brown. Lips white, edged with black. First dorsal fin transparent with 1 – 2 broad diffuse grey bands; may be submarginal diffuse red-brown band present. Second dorsal fin transparent with 2 – 4 rows of blackish speckling, most prominent on fin rays. Anal fin transparent or translucent greyish; may have whitish or bluish white margin. Caudal fin translucent with about six rows of dark grey spots (on fin rays); spots becoming more diffuse posteriorly; two black spots on each side of fin mid-base coalescing with posteriormost blotch on body; and small black blotch across bases of upper procurrent rays. Pectoral fins transparent; rays may be whitish ventrally. Pelvic fins white, dark grey near bases of rays. Comparisons. This species has been confused with P. aquilonius. The two species can be separated in that P. hoesei has a translucent caudal fin with 5 – 6 rows of small dark spots (versus caudal fin translucent, plain, with one brown bar at base in P. aquilonius); about 5 – 6 elongate blackish blotches along mid-side of body (versus about 5 – 6 X-shaped or elongate small brown blotches along mid-side of body); and first dorsal fin with two indistinct diffuse grey to blackish bands along fin (versus first dorsal fin translucent with broad diffuse brown band across most of fin).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC5481EFF53F625FCAAFE7A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species appears to be endemic to the Australia and New Guinea region (Sahul Shelf) east of Lydekker’s Line; known from Indonesia (Aru Islands and southern New Guinea), northern and southern Papua New Guinea and Australia (Torres Strait, Cape York and Gulf of Carpentaria).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC5481EFF53F625FCAAFE7A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Shallow-water estuarine to lower freshwater, from mangrove creeks and streams under tidal influence. Co-occurs with several local endemic Pseudogobius although can extend further into lower freshwater streams than other species, allopatric with P. jeffi n. sp.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC5481EFF53F625FCAAFE7A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named for our goby-friend and colleague Doug Hoese, in recognition of his years of collection and photography of many poorly known gobies (and because he took a wonderful photo of the holotype).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC5481EFF53F625FCAAFE7A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Originally we had considered that Pseudogobius poicilosoma and this species were the same, but as work proceeded we realised that based on biogeography linked to plate tectonics and historical isolation of the Sunda / Wallacea (western Indonesia) and Sahul (Australia and New Guinea) regions (Lydekker’s Line: Lohman et al. 2011), examination of type specimens, their colour patterns and Bleeker’s descriptions, P. poicilosoma is what has been called P. javanicus (see Remarks for P. poicilosoma).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC24811FF53F5B5FB28FC2A.taxon	description	urn: lsid: zoobank. org: act: 4 A 059 D 58 - 2 E 1 F- 4803 - 9 A 33 - 2371 F 92413 AD Figs 1, 14 – 15, Tables 2 – 5, 13	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC24811FF53F5B5FB28FC2A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: QM I. 40992 (ex NTM S. 18130 - 001), 26 mm SL male, Auckland Creek, Gladstone, Queensland, Australia, PU 15 - 17, P. Unmack and party, 19 May 2015. Paratypes: QUEENSLAND: NTM S. 17902 - 001, 1 (22.5), Bluewater boat ramp, Avondale Creek, N of Cairns, G. Moores and party, 28 January 2014; NTM S. 18127 - 003, A 04787, 1 (24.5), Railway drain, Barron River tributary, Cairns, M. Hammer, 25 July 2015; NTM S. 18129 - 001, A 02927, 1 (25.5), Railway drain, Barron River tributary, Cairns, GM 14 - 15, G. Moore and party, 30 January 2014; NTM S. 18265 - 001, 9 (15.5 – 27), Round Hill Creek estuary, near Gladstone, PU 15 - 20, P. Unmack and party, 14 April 2015; NTM S. 18130 - 001, 33 (18 – 28), Auckland Creek, Gladstone, PU 15 - 17, P. Unmack and party, 19 May 2015; ROM 105372, 17 (20 – 29.5), Saunders Beach, N of Townsville, R. Winterbottom, 4 October 1981. Additional material (no data taken). QM I. 21854, 28, brackish creek, Holloways Beach, north of Cairns, R. McKay and J. Johnson, 23 November 1985; AMS I. 22878 - 021, 1, Whitsunday Islands, D. Rennis, 9 May 1982; AMS I. 23311 - 002, 36, Attie Creek tributary, Cardwell, D. F. Hoese and D. Rennis, 26 October 1982; AMS I. 22706 - 004, 58, channel near mouth of Daintree River, D. F. Hoese and R. Winterbottom, 27 September 1981; AMS I. 23319 - 001, 4, east of Townsville at AIMS, D. Hoese and D. Rennis, 29 October 1982; NTM S. 17874 - 002, 10, Haughton River, Giru, PU 14 - 105, P. Unmack, 15 September 2014; NTM S. 18127 - 002, 2, Railway Drain, Barron River tributary, Cairns, M. Hammer, 25 July 2015; NTM S. 18273 - 001, 5, Portsmith drain, Cairns, MH 19 - 02, M. Hammer and G. Moore, 24 January 2019; QM I. 30629, 4, Boyds Creek, Deluge Inlet, Hinchinbrook Island, P. Graham, 25 March 1996; WAM P. 27779 - 022, 4, Daintree River, G. R. Allen and R. Steene, 2 September 1982.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC24811FF53F5B5FB28FC2A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderately sized Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 6 – 7, usually I, 7; anal rays I, 6 – 8, usually I, 7; pectoral rays 15 – 17; 16 segmented caudal rays, usually in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 23 – 26; TRB 7 – 9, usually 8; predorsal scales 6 – 7; opercle with three rows of large cycloid scales; nearly always with single cycloid scale on cheek right behind eye; shoulder girdle with thin bony flange; tongue short; in males, teeth in outer row of upper jaw slightly flattened, tips blunt or rounded, with two small curved symphyseal canines behind anterior tooth rows; females with outer row teeth of upper jaw small, compressed, evenly sized and blunt-tipped; scale margins edged with brown, 3 – 5 small brown elongate small blotches or spots along mid-side of body with posteriormost blotch at midbase of caudal fin, extending onto fin and coalescing blackish blotch on fin and may form narrow vertical dark bar on fin base; caudal fin translucent dusky grey with scattered brownish spots near base; known from estuarine to fresh waters of north-eastern Queensland, Australia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC24811FF53F5B5FB28FC2A.taxon	description	Description. Based on 37 specimens, 21 – 30.5 mm SL. An asterisk indicates counts of the holotype (Fig. 15 D). First dorsal VI *; second dorsal I, 6 – 7 (usually I, 7 *); anal I, 6 – 8 (usually 7 *); pectoral rays 15 – 17 (usually 17 *); segmented caudal rays 16 *, in 9 / 7 pattern; branched caudal rays 7 / 6 – 8 / 7, usually 8 / 7; lateral scale count 23 – 26 (usually 25 *); TRB 7 – 9 (usually 8 *); predorsal scale count 6 – 7 (usually 7 *). Body rounded to slightly compressed anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Head wider than deep, but not greatly so, HL 23.8 – 29.6 % SL (mean 26.5 %). Head depth at posterior preopercular margin 58.1 – 69.6 % HL (mean 63.9 %). Head width at posterior preopercular margin 66.7 – 81.9 % HL (mean 72.1 %). Mouth small, subterminal, slightly oblique; jaws reaching to vertical through about mid-eye in adults, with males usually having longer jaws; upper jaw 30.0 – 48.2 % HL (mean 36.9 %); lips relatively thin, lower lip broadly fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, top usually forming part of dorsal profile, eye width 27.3 – 34.9 % HL (mean 31.5 %). Snout rounded and somewhat inflated, 21.7 – 36.1 % HL (mean 26.4 %). Interorbital moderate, 15.0 – 23.5 % HL (mean 19.2 %). Body depth at anal origin 16.5 – 22.9 % SL (mean 21.0 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 29.2 – 35.0 % SL (mean 31.7 %). Caudal peduncle depth 12.5 – 15.9 % SL (mean 14.0 %). First dorsal fin low, triangular, second spine longest. Appressed first dorsal fin falling short of second dorsal in both sexes, fin length 16.2 – 20.0 % SL (mean 18.3 %). Second dorsal spine length 14.3 – 18.0 % SL (mean 15.9 %). Third dorsal spine length 14.3 – 15.6 % SL (mean 15.0 %). Second dorsal and anal fins short-based, heights moderate, fins rounded posteriorly with first few rays longest, rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval, central rays longest, extending back to vertical just short of anus, 18.9 – 24.4 % SL (mean 21.6 %). Pelvic fins oval, short, not reaching anus, 16.1 – 21.8 % SL (mean 18.4 %). Caudal fin broadly rectangular, rounded posteriorly, 25.0 – 32.6 % SL (mean 29.1 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening relatively narrow, extending usually to under opercle. Shoulder girdle smooth or with low bony flange. Tongue short, tip blunt or bluntly rounded. Upper jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, in males, teeth in outer row straight, compressed and blunt-tipped; may be slightly curved and pointed at side of jaw; in females, outer row teeth small, compressed and blunt-tipped; teeth in two inner rows always very small, close-set and sharp. Lower jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows (three rows across front only); in males, outer row teeth small, compressed and with blunt or pointed tips, inner row very small, pointed and two curved symphyseal canines behind anterior tooth rows; females with compressed or somewhat flattened evenly sized blunt-tipped teeth in outer row; teeth in inner 2 – 3 rows same as in upper jaw; no symphyseal curved inner teeth. Body scales ctenoid to above pectoral fin base, cycloid scales on predorsal, breast and pectoral fin base; scales close behind eyes may have scalloped edges; opercle with 2 – 3 rows of cycloid scales, nearly always one (rarely two) cycloid scale on cheek right behind eye (cheek scale absent in three specimens); belly scales cycloid on posterior half at least, may be ctenoid scales anteriorly or most of belly with ctenoid scales. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern as in Fig. 14. Coloration of preserved material. Head and body pale yellowish brown with scale margins narrowly edged with brown with about 5 – 6 small brown elongate blotches along mid-side of body, posteriormost blotch at hypural crease where it extends onto caudal fin and coalesces with narrow vertical dark bar or pair of dark brown spots (may form a Y) on fin base (Fig. 15). Males with more defined scale margins; head and nape may be darker than in females. Three to five indistinct brown small cross-hatched bars or blotches across dorsum; brown bar under first dorsal fin often darkest, in some specimens extending down side of body to mid-side anteriormost brown blotch (this bar most defined in small specimens). Dark brown elongate blotch or series of irregular dark spots above pectoral fin base and partly extending onto rear corner of opercle; may be series of indistinct brown spots extending from this dark blotch along upper part of body below first dorsal fin. Interorbital and snout plain brownish, may have indistinct short irregular dark lines and blotches, with pale area from eye to lip, covering nostrils; behind pale area a broad dark brown bar from eye to middle of jaw. Cheek and opercle with variable brown mottling and small blotches; cheek with broad wedge-shaped brown bar from lower edge of eye ending behind jaws, and another very short brown bar from behind eye angled obliquely toward rear of preopercle. Chin and lips speckled with loose band of melanophores or to dusky brownish in adult males; chin with fewer melanophores in females; edges of lips dark brown to blackish; darkest in large males. Breast unpigmented or with scattered melanophores; belly unpigmented. Thin blackish to black mid-ventral line running from middle (or insertion) of anal fin to end at first ventral procurrent ray. Peritoneum blackish but for silvery white ventral portion. First dorsal fin dusky brownish with diffuse blackish area at rear of fin; dark brownish pigment may cover most of fin or form a broad, generally central, band; fin margin usually brownish. Second dorsal fin transparent with diffuse brownish band across centre and dusky margin; fin more heavily pigmented in males. Anal fin transparent with few brownish speckles along fin rays. Caudal fin translucent to dusky brownish, paling to transparent posteriorly; may have few diffuse dark brown spots near base that may form partial rows. Pectoral fin with transparent membranes, rays speckled with brown. Pelvic fins translucent. Coloration of fresh material. Head and body translucent pale yellowish to translucent pale greyish, with brown cross-hatching along scale margins most prominent on upper half of body and about five X-shaped, rounded to elongate small brown blotches along mid-side of body (blotches may be paired) (Fig. 15). Posteriormost blotch on body ending at hypural crease and may coalesce with two dark brown spots on caudal fin and / or vertical blackish bar at base of fin. Four internal blackish brown blotches or short bars along mid-ventral line starting at mid-base of anal fin; fourth bar (posteriormost) may be slightly more widely separated from others. Snout pale brownish, with two short brown bars, one before and after nostril area, which is pale. Cheek translucent with diffuse broad brown bar from below eye usually ending mid-cheek or behind rictus; second broad brown bar from behind eye diagonally back toward upper part of preopercular margin. Opercle dusky brown above with blue-white or green-gold iridescent speckling on lower half. Iris reddish golden to brown. Lips pale, narrowly edged with brown. Abdomen silvery white; peritoneum dense black dorsally. First dorsal fin translucent with broad diffuse brown band across most of fin. Second dorsal fin translucent; may have fine dusky greyish or light brown speckling. Anal fin transparent or with fine dusky grey speckling. Caudal fin translucent to faintly greyish, with vertical blackish bar at base of fin or two brown spots that may partly or fully coalesce with mid-base brown blotch; fin with few diffuse dark brown spots near base that may form partial rows. Pectoral fins transparent or with fine brownish speckles along fin rays. Pelvic fins white or translucent dusky grey. Comparisons. This species can be confused with P. hoesei and P. aquilionius and is most similar to the latter. It differs from these taxa in having a scale (rarely two) on the upper cheek behind the eye (compared to cheek always naked). It lacks the blue areas in the dorsal fins and over caudal fin procurrent rays observable in P. aquilonius when alive. Caudal fin patterns are also useful: P. jeffi lacks the intense spotting forming bands in the caudal fin of P. hoesei, instead having scattered spots, both in contrast to the plain caudal fin of P. aquilionius (which is also unique in having a single broad band marking at the base of the caudal compared to two distinct dots).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC24811FF53F5B5FB28FC2A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to Australia, north-east coast of Queensland (Round Hill, south-east of Gladstone to Daintree region, including near-shore islands).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC24811FF53F5B5FB28FC2A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Shallow-water estuarine, found in mangrove creeks and muddy tide-pools, at depths of 0 – 1 m. Also found in marginal habitats such as by boat ramps and overgrown drains. Co-occurs with P. aquilonius, P. eos (minor overlap) and P. melanosticta; allopatric with respect to other Australasian endemics including P. cinctus and P. hoesei.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFC24811FF53F5B5FB28FC2A.taxon	etymology	Etymology: This species is named for HKL’s husband Jeff, who has inadvertently learned much about gobioid fishes over 50 - something years, so it is high time that he had a Queensland goby named for him.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCF4816FF53F0A5FC3CFA6A.taxon	description	Figs 1, 16 – 17, Tables 1 – 5, 14	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCF4816FF53F0A5FC3CFA6A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. JAPAN: Holotype of Gobius ornatus masago, ZUMT 30228, 1 (22), coast of Chiba-ken. Paratype of Gobius ornatus masago, ZUMT 34047, 1 (19.5), coast of Chiba-ken. YCM 6937, 24 (9 – 15), Iida River, Kashima county, Saga Prefecture, 13 September 1979; NTM S. 18263 - 001, 49 (17 – 22), Tamagawa River, 2 kilometres from mouth, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, K. Shibukawa, 24 May 2014; NTM S. 17899 - 001, 10 (18 – 22), Tamagawa River, 2 kilometres from mouth, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, K. Shibukawa, 24 May 2014. VIET- NAM: ROM 105373, 7 (13 – 19), mangrove channel about 10 km E of Haiphong Institute of Oceanology, Red River drainage, Haiphong, R. Winterbottom and P. T. Dinh, 29 February 2000; ROM 105374, 4 (14 – 19.5), Haiphong city market, R. Winterbottom and party, 24 February 2000. Additional material (no data taken). JAPAN: S. 17898 - 001, 34, Tamagawa River, 2 kilometres from mouth, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Prefecture, K. Shibukawa, 24 May 2014. VIETNAM: NTM S. 17897 - 001, 3, Phu Quoc Island, Kien Giang, K. Shibukawa and party, 26 November 2011. SINGAPORE: NTM S. 15344 - 017, 1, Sungei Buloh, HL 97 - 89, H. K. Larson and party, 5 September 1997; ZRC 27449, 1, canal at Siglap, K. Lim and P. G. Lee, 25 September 1992; ZRC 48457, 5, Pasir Ris Park mangroves, Z. Jaafar and Y. Yatiman, 20 April 2002.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCF4816FF53F0A5FC3CFA6A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 6 – 8; anal rays I, 6 – 8; pectoral rays 14 – 17; 15 – 16 segmented caudal rays in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 24 – 27; TRB 7 – 8; predorsal scales 7 – 10; opercle with at least two rows of cycloid scales, cheek naked; shoulder girdle smooth; tongue blunt; upper jaw teeth similar between sexes, in 2 – 4 rows, very small, sharp and close-set, outer row teeth larger; head and body whitish to yellowish brown, scale margins edged with brown, small single or paired brownish spots or small blotches along mid-side of body with posteriormost spot at hypural crease, extending upward onto caudal fin as oval or rounded blotch; known from estuarine habitats of East Asia and South-east Asia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCF4816FF53F0A5FC3CFA6A.taxon	description	Description. Based on 21 specimens, 12.5 – 22 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 22 mm SL holotype of Gobius ornatus masago. First dorsal VI *; second dorsal I, 6 * – 8 (usually I, 7); anal I, 6 – 8 (usually 7 *); pectoral rays 14 – 17 (usually 16; 15 in holotype); segmented caudal rays 15 – 16, in 9 / 7 pattern (8 / 7 in one); branched caudal rays 7 / 6 – 8 / 6, modally 7 / 6; 9 / 9 procurrent rays (in 1); lateral scale count 24 – 27 (usually 25); TRB 7 * – 8 (modally 8); predorsal scale count 7 – 10 (modally 8, 9 in holotype). Body slender and slim, compressed. Body depth at anal origin 15.1 – 19.3 % SL (mean 16.5 %). Head wider than deep, but not greatly so, HL 22.6 – 29.6 % SL (mean 26.0 %). Depth at posterior preopercular margin 52.9 – 63.6 % HL (mean 58.3 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 62.5 – 75.6 % HL (mean 67.9 %). Mouth small, subterminal, slightly oblique, upper jaw slightly in advance of lower; jaws reaching to vertical through mid-eye in males and to anterior half of eye in females; upper jaw 26.8 – 41.7 % HL (mean 32.5 %); lips relatively thin, lower lip fleshier than upper and fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, top forming part of dorsal profile, 26.5 – 33.3 % HL (mean 28.8 %). Snout rounded, may be slightly inflated, 22.0 – 27.8 % HL (mean 24.4 %). Interorbital moderately narrow, 11.4 – 19.4 % HL (mean 14.6 %). Caudal peduncle long and compressed, length 24.1 – 30.8 % SL (mean 27.9 %). Caudal peduncle depth 9.4 – 27.1 % SL (mean 15.9 %). First dorsal fin rounded, second or third spines longest (usually second). Appressed first dorsal fin 14.9 – 19.3 % SL (mean 16.4 %), fin falling short of second dorsal fin in both sexes. Second dorsal spine length 11.2 – 15.1 % SL (mean 13.2 %). Third dorsal spine length 12.0 – 14.1 % SL (mean 13.0 %). Second dorsal and anal fin heights moderate, fins rounded posteriorly with posteriormost rays longest, rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval to rounded, central rays longest, extending back to vertical just above anus, 20.0 – 24.4 % SL (mean 22.4 %). Pelvic fins rounded, just reaching anus, 18.5 – 25.6 % SL (mean 22.0 %). Caudal fin broad, rounded posteriorly, 26.0 – 35.2 % SL (mean 29.6 %). Anterior nostril in very short tube, oriented over upper lip. Posterior nostril round, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening extending forward to just under opercle (reaching mid-opercle in one). Shoulder girdle smooth. Tongue tip blunt. Upper jaw teeth in 2 – 4 rows, very small, sharp and close-set; outer row teeth larger. Lower jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, small, sharp and close-set. Body scales ctenoid to below first dorsal fin; predorsal scales cycloid, reaching close to behind interorbital and anteriormost scale largest; opercle with at least two rows of large cycloid scales; breast usually naked, sides may be scaled (specimens from Vietnam with 1 – 2 large scales on breast); belly scales cycloid on posterior half at least, midline or entire belly naked; pectoral base naked. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern as in Fig. 16. Coloration of preserved material. Head and body whitish to pale yellowish brown, with scale margins outlined with brown (Fig. 17). Marginal pigment slightly darkened where scales intersect, forming small spots amid the network. Dorsum with series of faint brownish blotches from nape to caudal base. Mid-side of body with row of small single or paired dark brown spots or short elongate blotches; posteriormost spot at middle of caudal fin base and extending upward onto fin as oval or rounded dark brown blotch. Top of head, snout, upper part of cheek and opercle dusky brownish; lower half of head whitish with dark brown bar from lower edge of eye extending obliquely back behind jaws and ending on lower edge of preopercle. Underside of head, breast and belly whitish. First dorsal fin in males plain dusky grey, darkening a little posteriorly (but not forming spot), fin in females transparent at base, rest of fin pale greyish. Second dorsal fin plain dusky grey in males, with broad translucent margin, fin darkening dorsoposteriorly; in females, fin translucent with pale greyish patches and grey margin. Anal fin in males same as second dorsal fin; translucent in females. Pectoral fin transparent with fine brown speckling along rays. Pelvic fins translucent. Caudal fin transparent with 3 – 5 indistinct vertical rows of fine brown speckles and 1 – 2 distinct brown spots above and below hypural crease. Coloration of fresh material. Based on photos of live fish by Taiga Kunishima in Senou et al. (2004: 234), and of fresh-dead fish in Tran et al. (2011: 145) (see also Fig. 17). Head and body translucent whitish to pale whitish brown, with scale margins on upper half of body outlined at least partly with red-brown to dark brown and scattered white or yellowish white short lines and spots on upper half of body. Dorsum with several indistinct darker blotches. Mid-side of body with row of small blackish to dark brown blotches and spots; posteriormost blotch anterior to caudal base elongate, with posterior end forming small rounded mark on base of caudal fin. Four dark grey to blackish internal spots along ventral midline starting at anal fin and ending on caudal peduncle near caudal fin base. Side of head with diffuse dark brown bar from eye to upper lip and two similar oblique diffuse brown bars from eye across preopercle and towards opercle. Dorsal fins translucent with indistinct greyish brown spots and fin margins. Comparisons. This is a small, slender species with a long caudal peduncle and a plain-coloured first dorsal fin in both sexes. The low rounded dusky grey first dorsal fin is shared with the more robust and larger (when adult) P. taijiangensis, which has a blue spot at the rear of the fin.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCF4816FF53F0A5FC3CFA6A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Recorded from Japan, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan (Chen & Fang 1999), Vietnam and Singapore; does not appear to extend far onto Sunda Shelf habitats.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCF4816FF53F0A5FC3CFA6A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Found in intertidal estuarine habitats and river mouths, mudflats and mangroves. Kikuchi & Yamashita (1992) found that this small species apparently spawned in May and August and fed mostly on copepods and amphipods. Co-occurs with several Pseudogobius, especially P. pocilosoma.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCF4816FF53F0A5FC3CFA6A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was originally described as a new form of Gobius ornatus; the name was subsequently used as a full species by Akihito (1984) and thus meets the criteria of availability with original author and date. The Okinawa population is Red-Listed as a threatened local population by the Japanese Environmental Agency (Sakai et al. 2001), but has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCA480CFF53F604FC61FEEA.taxon	description	Figs 1, 18 – 19, Tables 1 – 5, 15	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCA480CFF53F604FC61FEEA.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. INDIA: Lectotype of Gobius melanosticta, MNHN A. 18, 32 mm SL male, Madras, F. Day. Paralectotypes of Gobius melanosticta, BMNH 1889.2.1.3388 – 97, 11 (18 – 33), Madras, F. Day; NMW 84081.1 - 2, 2 (22.5 – 36, smaller specimen is an Asterropteryx), Madras. Holotype of Vaimosa adyari, CAS-SU 39864, 21 mm SL male, Adyar River, Madras, A. W. Herre, 4 January 1941. SRI LANKA: ZMH 19309, 4 (20 – 32), lagoon, Panadhure, Duncker, 30 July 1909. SINGAPORE: Holotype of Vaimosa serangoonensis, CAS-SU 30984, 28.5 mm SL male, Serangoon, A. W. Herre, 18 March 1934. SMF 18199, 1 (40), H. Berkenkamp, July 1983. JAPAN: NTM S. 12136 - 003, 13 (9 – 25), Sumiyoshi Village, Iriomote Island, HL 85 - 55, H. K. Larson and H. Senou, 19 August 1985; PHIL- IPPINES: USNM 268186, 11 (27 – 32.5), Siquijor Island, Negros Oriental, L. Knapp and party, 14 May 1979. FED- ERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA: NTM S. 16184 - 002, 3 (25 – 27.5), Lulu River, Yap, B. Tibbatts and party, 27 September 2005. INDONESIA: USNM 405342, 17 (20 – 27), tambak [pond] at Sungei Wantgu, Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara, L. Parenti, D. Lumbantobing and S. Sauri, 15 June 2010; WAM P. 35062.001, 11 (19 – 25), brackish lake on Mauwara Island, Triton Bay, West Papua, 2 – 3 m depth, G. R. Allen, 30 April 2007; CMK 6286, 3 (31.5 – 35.5), Pangandaran, Java, Vivaria Indonesia, 8 July 1988; CMK 4546, 7 (14 – 31), Bungus Bay, Sumatra, P. Bianco and M. Kottelat, 29 November 1984. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: USNM 316051, 2 (27 – 35), stream behind Trobriand Hotel, Kiriwinna, Trobriand Islands, B. Collette, 6 June 1970; USNM 316200, 10 (21.5 – 33.5), brackish water lagoon, Puk Puk Island, Bougainville, 9 March 1965. NEW CALEDONIA: MNHN 2000 - 5232, 2 (33 – 33.5), Nera, Marquet, 4 June 1995. AUSTRALIA: NTM S. 17698 - 002, 7 (19.5 – 34.5), Palm Cove creek just before estuary, north of Cairns, G. Moore and M. Hammer, 2014; NTM S. 17710 - 001, 1 (27.5), tissue A 02738, Palm Cove creek, north of Cairns, G. Moore, 2014. Additional material (no data taken). INDIA: FMNH 100604, 1, Madras; CAS-SU 37179, 14, South Corbyns Cove, Port Blair, South Andamans; CAS-SU 19342, 27, Cochin, Cheranellore. VIETNAM: NTM S. 17895 - 001, 1, Bac Lieu, K. Shibukawa and party, 19 May 2012. SRI LANKA: USNM 316198, 3, Ceylon estuaries, C. C. Koenig, 9 April 1970. INDONESIA: CMK 8965, 1, Singaraja, Bali; CMK 8956, 1, Bali; CMK 8903, 1, Bali; CMK 8902, 1, Seseh, Bali; NTM S. 14147 - 008, 26, Sejorang River, South Sumbawa, AQ 20, K. Martin, 28 March 1995. PHILIP- PINES: CAS-SU 69917, 6, Coron, Busuanga, A. W. Herre, 22 June 1940. PALAU: CAS-SU 76089, 5, bomb crater, Koror Island, Fehlmann and party, 1 October 1955. MALAYSIA: ZRC 22719 – 54, 36, Trengganu. PAPUA NEW GUINEA: USNM 316202, 1, Mangrove creek, Oro Bay, Popondetta District, T. Roberts, 4 August 1975; ZMH 19312, 3, Simpsonhafen, Blanche Bay, Gazelle Peninsula, Duncker, 5 August 1908; NTM S. 16645 - 002, 30, Ularimbin Creek, Wewak, J. Armbruster, R. Betancur, P. Unmack and A. Ko’ou, 1 October 2007. VANUATU: USNM 357807, 12, lakes on Shepherd Islands, J. T. Williams and party, 19 June 1996. SINGAPORE: CMK 7427, 2; SMF 18199, 1, Singapore region, H. Berkenkamp, July 1983. SRI LANKA: CMK 7049, 1, Negombo Lagoon. AUSTRA- LIA: NTM S. 17710 - 001, 1, Palm Cove; NTM S. 17696 - 002, 6, Holloways Lake, Cairns, G. Moore and M. Hammer, 28 January 2014; AMS I. 21259 - 003, 15, creek at Cape Tribulation, D. Hoese, 11 August 1979.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCA480CFF53F604FC61FEEA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A large Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 6 – 8; anal rays I, 7 – 8; pectoral rays 14 – 16; 15 – 16 segmented caudal rays, usually in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 23 – 26; TRB 8 – 10; predorsal scales 6 – 8; predorsal scales ctenoid at sides and / or posteriorly; opercle with 2 – 4 rows of ctenoid scales, rarely with cycloid scales (if so then predorsal scales ctenoid); cheek naked; shoulder girdle smooth or with narrow flange, which may be angled outward (several specimens with 1 – 3 small flat knobs or flanges); tongue short, tip blunt to slightly concave; upper jaw teeth in 2 – 6 rows, in males, teeth in outer row always largest, slightly curved, conical to slightly flattened, outer row of upper jaw teeth in females variable, may be similar to males with two rows of upright slightly flattened teeth, or row of short compressed blunt to pointed teeth; scale margins edged with brown, giving diffuse network appearance, distinctive wide dark brown to black oblique bar running from lower rear edge of eye to above lower margin of preopercle; first dorsal fin pointed, with two broad blackish stripes; widespread, known from estuarine to fresh waters across the Indo-west Pacific.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCA480CFF53F604FC61FEEA.taxon	description	Description. Based on 38 specimens, 20 – 40 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 31 mm SL lectotype (Fig. 19 D). First dorsal VI *; second dorsal I, 6 – 8 (usually I, 7 *); anal I, 7 – 8 (usually 7 *); pectoral rays 14 – 16 * (usually 15); segmented caudal rays 8 / 7 – 9 / 7, nearly always 9 / 7; branched caudal rays 6 / 7 – 8 / 7, modally 8 / 7; lateral scale count 23 – 26 (usually 25, 24 in lectotype); TRB 7 ½ – 9 ½ (usually 8 *); predorsal scale count 6 – 8 (usually 7 *). Gill rakers on outer face of first arch 3 + 6 (1), 3 + 7 (in 1), 3 + 9 (2). Head and anterior half of body rounded to compressed; posterior half of body compressed. Head wider than deep, adult males without inflated cheeks, HL 24.4 – 28.3 % SL (mean 26.6 %). Depth at posterior preopercular margin 60.0 – 77.0 HL (mean 67.7 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 56.3 – 82.4 % HL (mean 71.7 %). Mouth small, subterminal, very slightly oblique, upper jaw very slightly in advance of lower; jaws reaching to anterior edge of eye in females and to mid-eye in adult males; upper jaw 29.1 – 45.4 % HL (mean 36.0 %); symphysis of lower jaw may be raised; lips thin, lower lip broadly fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, top forming part of dorsal profile, 26.3 – 36.0 % HL (mean 31.2 %). Snout bluntly rounded to steep and bluntly pointed, 21.6 – 29.6 % HL (mean 25.6 %). Interorbital moderate, 12.6 – 23.1 % HL (mean 16.7 %). Body depth at anal origin 19.6 – 25.8 % SL (mean 22.8 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 25.0 – 32.0 % SL (mean 29.1 %). Caudal peduncle depth 13.0 – 29.6 % SL (mean 21.0 %). First dorsal fin tall, triangular and pointed, first to third spines long, usually second spine longest; in males, first three spines may be elongate, reaching well back to front part of second dorsal fin when depressed (may reach sixth fin element); fin falling short of second dorsal in females and first spine never longest; fin length 17.7 – 33.8 % SL (mean 23.1 %). Second dorsal spine length 14.8 – 27.5 % SL (mean 18.8 %). Third dorsal spine length 13.8 – 25.3 % SL (mean 18.4 %). Second dorsal fin taller than first but falling well short of caudal fin base when depressed, fin slightly pointed posteriorly. Anal fin of similar height to second dorsal but more rounded posteriorly; rays falling short of caudal fin base when depressed. Pectoral fin oval, central rays longest, extending back to vertical above anal fin origin, 22.6 – 29.4 % SL (mean 25.2 %). Pelvic fins oval, reaching to anus or nearly so in males; just falling short in females, 15.8 – 25.5 % SL (mean 22.6 %). Caudal fin large, rounded to slightly pointed posteriorly, 28.1 – 40.6 % SL (mean 33.0 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed at oblique angle at mid-level of eye. Gill opening extending forward to under opercle or forward just past pectoral fin base. Gill rakers on outer face of first arch very short pointed stubs. Shoulder girdle smooth or with narrow smooth to irregular flange, which may be angled outward; several specimens with 1 – 3 small triangular flat knobs or flanges present. Tongue short, tip blunt to slightly concave. Upper jaw teeth in 3 – 6 rows, narrowing to fewer at sides; in males, teeth in outer row always largest, slightly curved, conical to slightly flattened, teeth in inner rows small, close-set, sharply pointed; upper jaw teeth in females variable, may be similar to males with two rows of upright slightly flattened teeth, or with outer row of short compressed blunt to pointed teeth and a band of tiny close-set sharp teeth behind. Lower jaw teeth in males in 2 – 3 rows, teeth small, close-set and pointed, may be 2 – 3 larger curved caniniform teeth behind rows at jaw symphysis; in females, lower jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, small, conical, close-set, with sharp tips. Body scales ctenoid, extending forward onto predorsal at least to above opercle, all predorsal scales may be ctenoid, predorsal may have ctenoid scales posteriorly and cycloid anteriorly, or with mid-line of nape with cycloid scales and sides ctenoid (variation occasionally observed within specimen lots from same locality), cycloid scales on breast and pectoral fin base; opercle with 2 – 4 rows of scales, usually ctenoid, especially upper row, six out of 32 specimens with all cycloid scales on opercle (and these always with ctenoid nape scales); belly scales cycloid, often with ctenoid scales close to pelvic fins. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern as in Fig. 18. Coloration of preserved material. Head and body yellowish white to light brown, with scale margins on upper half of body (at least) thinly edged with dark brown to black, giving diffuse network appearance (Fig. 19). Head brown dorsally, nape scales with darker brown to almost blackish spots and blotches which may form a reticulate pattern. Snout and interorbital covered with small dark brown spots and short vermiculate lines, which may coalesce into irregular blotches. Side of head brown to light brown, paling ventrally, underside of head dark in males; chin with scattered dark spots in both sexes (darkest in males). Distinctive wide dark brown to black oblique bar from lower rear edge of eye, running down to end above lower margin of preopercle just before angle of bone; second dark brown bar (may be indistinguishable from dark pigment on snout) running from front of eye through anterior nostril and ending on upper lip. Lips dark brown to blackish, margin of lower lip usually much darker than upper and contrasting with pale to brown-spotted chin. Side of body covered with dark brown spots and small blotches, interspersed with dark scale margins; small blotches may be larger along mid-line of body and may form 1 – 2 broken dark lines. Mid-base of caudal fin with three small blackish to black elongate spots forming a horizontal Y. Breast brown to dark brown in males, pale in females. Belly usually pale in both sexes but may be greyish in heavily pigmented males; upper half of peritoneum black, sides abruptly pale. Pectoral fin base brown with diffuse dark brown blotch or horizontal bar dorsally. First dorsal fin transparent with two broad pale grey to black stripes, one along middle of fin and one (broader) distally, both stripes darkening posteriorly; may be additional dark blotches along base of fin; in adult males the elongate fin spines are blackish and membranes pale grey. Second dorsal fin transparent to greyish, with about three grey to blackish stripes or rows of spots along its length. Anal fin transparent to plain grey to blackish; some darker spotting at base posteriorly. Caudal fin transparent to pale grey with 4 – 7 irregular oblique rows of blackish spots and streaks, most distinct on upper two-thirds of fin; horizontal Y-mark on fin base joining anteriormost row of spots. Pectoral fin translucent to dark grey, rays darker than membrane; bases of rays on upper part of fin darkest. Pelvic fins translucent to almost blackish (in large males). The lectotype (MNHN A. 18), despite being over 100 years old, still retains the dark spots scattered over the body and nape, as well as the dark brown oblique cheek bar and dark streaks on the first dorsal fin (Fig. 19 D). Coloration of fresh material. Based on photos of live fish by Gerry Allen, Renny Hadiaty, Christophe Maillet, Gerhard Ott and from Fig. 19; also from colour photos of captive adults in Zhou & Gao (2011), as Pseudogobius sp. 1 and 2 (female and male). Head and body greyish yellow, pale yellowish white or whitish grey (apparently depending upon substrate colour), with dull yellow, orange-yellow, light brown to blackish small spots and blotches scattered along scale rows on side and more irregularly on head. In some specimens, a diffuse mid-lateral band of blackish spots or series of 4 – 5 blackish blotches overlie the orange-yellow or brown spots on body. Five internal blackish blocks of pigment at mid-ventral line of caudal peduncle may be visible from origin of anal fin to just before caudal fin base; blocks low, not reaching to mid-line of body. Peritoneum may show through body wall as silvery white on sides. Opercle iridescent pearly blue or greenish. Cheek may have scattered yellowish gold pigment around the black “ tear ” mark running down from eye. Iris red-gold. First dorsal translucent to yellow, crossed by two black bands, tip of fin may be grey or black; small bright blue blotch may be present at rear of fin. Second dorsal fin transparent with diffuse grey speckles and crossed by two diffuse grey stripes. Anal fin translucent whitish to blue, margin usually bright white to blue. Caudal fin translucent pale grey with 7 – 9 irregular fine dusky grey bands. Pectoral fin transparent. Pelvic fins translucent white to pale greyish. Comparisons. This is a distinctive species that is not likely to be confused with others, due to its diagnostic first dorsal fin colour pattern (especially when live or freshly preserved), with elongate fin spines in males, its usually steep rounded snout, generally spotted body colour pattern and distinct black “ tear ” bar from eye crossing cheek.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCA480CFF53F604FC61FEEA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. This is the most widespread species of Pseudogobius, distributed across the Indo-west Pacific. Specimens are known from Andaman Islands, India, Sri Lanka, Japan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Philippines, Palau, New Guinea, northern Australia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. The Australian specimens from the Cairns area (Wet Tropics Bioregion, north-eastern Queensland) are a new record for the country.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCA480CFF53F604FC61FEEA.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Shallow estuarine to freshwater, found in estuaries of rivers, streams and mangroves. The Palm Cove (Queensland) specimens came from a flowing freshwater creek with pebble and cobble substrate.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFCA480CFF53F604FC61FEEA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Huang et al. (2014 a) placed Gobius melanosticta Day as a junior synonym of P. gastrospilos (Bleek- er, 1853) without giving any reason. They apparently did not examine any type material of P. melanosticta and did not note whether the scales on the nape and opercle in their material were ctenoid or cycloid. Their photographs show specimens of P. melanosticta while the accompanying description provides minimal information. Bleeker’s type specimen of Gobius gastrospilos is a Pseudogobius. Huang et al. ’ s (2014 a: 95, fig. 1 a) figure of the holotype of Gobius gastrospilos (Fig. 25 D), shows two large dark spots at the base of the caudal fin, with the size and spacing of these spots unlike those in P. melanosticta (see Huang et al. 2014 a: 95, fig. 1 b, c). Therefore, Bleeker’s type specimen is not the same as P. melanosticta and is here placed in P. poicilosoma (which see) based on counts and distribution. There are a number of other syntypes of Day’s Gobius melanosticta; see Whitehead and Talwar (1976): BMNH 1889.2.1.3388 – 3397 (11); AMS B. 8202 (1); MNHN A. 18, (1); MZUF 4704 (1); RMNH 1886 (1); ZSI 187 (1, figured specimen, lost); ZSI 291 – 220 (2, lost), with possible syntypes in NMW 84081.1, (1) and NMW 84081.2, (1). Of the 11 specimens in BMNH 1889.2.1.3389 – 97, 9 (28 – 33) are Pseudogobius, 1 (30) is a Drombus, and 1 (18) is possibly a Palutrus. Of the possible NMW syntypes of Gobius melanosticta, NMW 84081.2 is an Asterropteryx while NMW 84081.1 is Pseudogobius melanosticta. Due to the confusion over the status of this species (and its syntypes), we herein designate Day’s syntype specimen MNHN A. 18, a 31 mm SL female, as the lectotype of Gobius melanosticta Day. It is in reasonable condition (despite having a tag tied around its middle) and shares features with other type and non-type specimens of Pseudogobius melanosticta. We place Gobius chilkensis Jenkins, 1910, here with some uncertainty, as his illustration resembles P. melanosticta. The location and condition of the types could not be confirmed.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD0480FFF53F184FB65FDB2.taxon	description	Figs 1, 20 – 21, Tables 1 – 5, 16	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD0480FFF53F184FB65FDB2.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Syntype of Ctenogobius minima, ZSI 10177, 16 mm SL female, between Cherria and Manikpatna, Chilika [Chilka] Lake, India, Chilka Survey, 20 July 1914. LACM 38301 - 8, 15 (14.5 – 18), salt plant 2 – 3 km SE of Korangi Creek, Sind, Pakistan, CCS 79 - 12, 22 January 1979; CAS-SU 47840, 4 (15.5 – 18), Sundarbans, Lower Bengal, Uttarbhag, India, A. W. Herre, 11 April 1937; ROM 39312, 1 (15.5), low tide at Korangi Beach, Pakistan, SH- 83, S. M. Hoda, 15 January 1979.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD0480FFF53F184FB65FDB2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small slender Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 7; anal rays I, 7; pectoral rays 15; 15 – 16 segmented caudal rays, usually in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 25 – 26; TRB 8; predorsal scales 8 – 9; opercle with 1 – 2 rows of cycloid scales, cheek naked; shoulder girdle smooth edge; tongue blunt; upper jaw teeth very small, straight and sharp; body whitish to pale yellowish with scattered small brown spots, scales of dorsum with brown margins, narrow black line or spot at mid-base of caudal fin and two brown spots above and below midline, with ventral spot always smaller (live colour yellow-brown); known only from a few coastal lagoons in South Asia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD0480FFF53F184FB65FDB2.taxon	description	Description. Based on 12 specimens, 14.5 – 18 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 16 mm SL ZSI female syntype (Fig. 21 D). First dorsal VI *; second dorsal I, 7 *; anal I, 7 *; pectoral rays 15 *; segmented caudal rays 8 / 7 – 9 / 7; branched caudal rays 7 / 6 *; lateral scale count 25 * – 26; TRB 8 *; predorsal scale count 8 – 9 *. Gill rakers on first arch 1 + 5 (in 1) or 2 + 6 (in 1). Body slender, compressed, with a “ small-headed ” appearance. Head slightly wider than deep, HL 23.9 – 28.8 % SL (mean 25.3 %). Depth at posterior preopercular margin 60.5 – 66.7 HL (mean 63.3 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 66.7 – 77.5 % HL (mean 70.4 %). Mouth small, subterminal, very slightly oblique, jaws reaching to vertical below anterior half of eye in females and nearly to mid-eye in males (very little difference); upper jaw 28.3 – 35.0 % HL (mean 31.2 %); lips thin, lower lip broadly fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, 26.2 – 30.4 % HL (mean 28.5 %). Snout short, rounded, 20.9 – 28.9 % HL (mean 24.2 %). Interorbital narrow, 11.1 – 17.4 % HL (mean 13.4 %). Body depth at anal origin 16.4 – 18.8 % SL (mean 17.4 %). Caudal peduncle long, compressed, length 25.6 – 29.1 % SL (mean 27.8 %). Caudal peduncle depth 6.2 – 12.8 % SL (mean 11.1 %). First dorsal fin low, rounded, second or third spines longest. Appressed first dorsal fin falling short of second dorsal in both sexes. Second dorsal spine length 14.4 – 15.3 % SL (mean 14.9 %). Third dorsal spine length 12.2 – 15.8 % SL (mean 14.5 %). Second dorsal and anal fins low, rounded posteriorly, posteriormost rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin rounded, with central rays longest, extending back to vertical just above anus in large specimens, 17.7 – 25.0 % SL (mean 21.2 %). Pelvic fins oval, rounded posteriorly, barely reaching to anus, 18.9 – 23.1 % SL (mean 20.9 %). Caudal fin slender, rounded posteriorly, 25.0 – 32.0 % SL (mean 28.9 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril rounded, with very low rim, placed very close to eye at mid-level. Gill opening extending forward to under opercle. Gill rakers on outer face of first arch very short stout stubs. Shoulder girdle with smooth hard edge. Tongue tip blunt. Upper jaw teeth very small, straight and sharp, in 2 – 3 evenly sized rows. Lower jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, but teeth smaller and blunter. Body scales ctenoid to pectoral fin base, cycloid scales on predorsal extending up to behind eyes in most specimens (entire predorsal naked in one), with scale closest to eye sometimes larger than others; pectoral fin base naked; opercle with 1 – 3 rows of cycloid scales; breast naked or with embedded cycloid scales; belly scales cycloid, scales may be scattered with naked midline. Sensory papillae and lateral canal pores as in Fig. 20; note that rows b and d are relatively long compared to those in congeners. Coloration of preserved material. Description taken mostly from LACM specimens (which retain some pigmentation) (Fig. 21 C). Body whitish to pale yellowish brown, with scattered small brown spots (placed toward base of each scale); scale margins of dorsum narrowly outlined with darker brown; spots on sides largest and more irregular along mid to lower half of body and in some specimens these spots form about two diffuse rows of very short streaks. Head pale brownish dorsally, becoming paler on sides; underside of head unpigmented; indistinct broad brown bar running from eye to end just above lower edge of preopercle. Breast and belly unpigmented. Pectoral fin base pale with diffuse brown blotch on upper quarter. Five blackish narrow blotches along ventral midline, two above anal fin and two on caudal peduncle and one across bases of ventral procurrent rays. In front of mid-base of caudal fin, a narrow partly internal black line or elongate spot. Bases of upper procurrent rays with brown blotch. Two brown spots on caudal fin at base, upper spot placed just above midline, and lower spot usually smaller than upper and always placed slightly more ventrally from mid-line. First dorsal fin transparent with scattered pale brown speckling, mostly on anterior half of fin. Second dorsal fin transparent with pale brown spots and short streaks covering most of membrane. Anal fin plain translucent. Caudal fin transparent with diffuse pale brown pigment on most of fin, lower portion partly unpigmented. Pectoral and pelvic fins transparent with slight dusting of pale brown speckles along fin rays (may be very faint). Based on HKL’s notes, the ZSIC syntype had similar speckled body colour, with an almost <shaped brown mark on the caudal base and lower part of the fin; its head had a broad brownish bar from eye to ventral edge of the preopercle and much thinner brown line from eye to middle of upper jaw. Coloration of fresh material. Based on photos by Beta Mahatvaraj of male and female captive fish from Pulicat Lake, Tamil Nadu, India (Fig. 21). Head and body pale silvery grey with small indistinct yellowish brown saddles, blotches and spots on dorsal half of body and faint grey short bars along mid-side. Ventral half of body with series of short silvery white bars and spots. Base of caudal fin with dull yellow narrow bar and blotch extending out onto lower middle of fin. Head with brownish bar from front of eye to middle of upper jaw and diffuse dark grey bar from lower edge of eye toward ventral margin of preopercle. Opercle with iridescent greenish area in centre. Iris orange-brown. Fins mostly transparent in female; in male, dorsal fins faint grey with darker submarginal stripe and caudal fin rays yellowish grey. Comparisons. This is a very small, slender species with small head and relatively plain coloration (no diagnostic spots or markings). It is unlike any species other than P. masago from Japan, which has a series of paired small brown spots along the side of the body (versus only scattered fine dark speckles and spots on upper part of body in P. minimus).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD0480FFF53F184FB65FDB2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. So far known only from Chilika and Pulicat lakes and the Sundarbans, India, and Sind, Pakistan.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD0480FFF53F184FB65FDB2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Coastal brackish lagoons, known from brackish lakes and salt pans. Pulicat Lake is heavily fished, with limited habitat suitable for Pseudogobius (HKL pers. obs. 2018). May co-occur with P. melanosticta.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD0480FFF53F184FB65FDB2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Possible syntypes are contained in RMNH 12060, from Madras, but this material was not available. Talwar and Jhingran’s record of this species from Godavari estuary, Andhra Pradesh, is based on their tentative placement of Stigmatogobius yanamensis Rao as a synonym (which it is not). We have amended the ending of minima, as it is an adjective and should agree with the gender of Pseudogobius (masculine).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD34802FF53F5FDFDC4F88A.taxon	description	Figs 1, 22 – 23, Tables 1 – 5, 17	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD34802FF53F5FDFDC4F88A.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Syntypes of Gobius olorum, MNHN A. 1913, 3 (37.5 – 40), river in Australia, Castelnau. AMS I. 19514 - 001, 5 (38.5 – 47), Parry Inlet, W. A. Fisheries, 25 October 1976; AMS IA. 7437, 2 (21 – 29.5), Angove River, Two Peoples Bay, V. Serventy; AMS I. 33396 - 010, 1 (41), Young Rocks, Wilson Inlet, F. Neira, January 1988; AMS I. 17622 - 001, 50 (29 – 46), Moana Caravan Park, St Vincent Gulf, D. F Hoese and party, 18 December 1973; NTM S. 17889 - 001, 5 (36 – 52), Swan River, H. Gill, 27 November 1984; NTM S. 17885 - 001, 11 (35 – 40), Swan River, H. Gill, 30 January 1985; S. 17886 - 001, 8 (20.5 – 42.5), landing at Wilson Inlet, H. Gill, 14 November 1987; NTM S. 17887 - 001, 1 (55), Soldiers Cove, Peel-Harvey Inlet, H. Gill, 16 September 1987; WAM P. 25122 - 055, 4 (33 – 37), Murchison Park, Galena, G. R. Allen, 25 November 1974. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Holotype of Mugilogobius galwayi, SAMA F. 583, 50.5 mm SL male, Patawalonga Creek, near Adelaide. AMS I. 34800 - 001, 10 (15 – 61), Walker Creek on Salt Creek / North Para Road, P. Unmack, 9 April 1994; AMS I. 20159 - 003, 19 (16.5 – 30), Vivonne Bay, Kangaroo Island, D. Hoese and party, 2 March 1978; SAMA F. 5006, 7 (24.5 – 39), Minnimbbie Creek, near Lake Wangary, Eyre Peninsula, 21 March 1980. Additional material (no data taken). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: AMS I. 15724 - 011, 11, Leschenault estuary, Bunbury, Collette and J. Paxton, 8 February 1970; NTM S. 18298 - 001, 13, Canning River, Perth, MH 19 - 05, M. Hammer and G. Moore, 10 April 2019. SOUTH AUSTRALIA: SAMA F. 6552, 13, Port Lincoln, W. Zeidler, 23 March 1980; AMS S, 17627 - 002, 3, Port Wakefield, D. F. Hoese and W. Ivantsoff, 22 December 1973.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD34802FF53F5FDFDC4F88A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A large Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 8 – 9; anal rays I, 7 – 9; pectoral rays 9 – 18; 15 – 17 segmented caudal rays, usually in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 26 – 30; TRB 8 – 12; predorsal scales 8 – 11; opercle with several rows of small cycloid scales, cheek naked; shoulder girdle usually smooth, may be narrow bony to fleshy flange along edge; tongue blunt to rounded; lips thick and fleshy in large males; upper jaw teeth in outer row stout and conical, curved to fairly straight with slightly pointed to almost blunt tips; mid-side of body with dark brown elongate blotches or X-shaped spots, and small round blackish spot just before caudal fin base, vertically elongate dark brown mark along hypural crease (this mark may appear as two coalesced dark brown spots); found in freshwater to hypersaline lakes, estuaries of rivers, streams and mangroves, south-western Australia (Western Australia and South Australia).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD34802FF53F5FDFDC4F88A.taxon	description	Description. Based on 60 specimens, 21 – 61 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 38.5 mm SL MNHN male syntype of Gobius olorum (Fig. 23 D). First dorsal IV – VII, usually I, 6 *; second dorsal I, 8 – 9 (usually 8 *); anal I, 7 – 9 (usually I, 8 *); pectoral rays 9 – 18 (usually 16 *); segmented caudal rays 8 / 7 – 9 / 8, nearly always 9 / 7 *; branched caudal rays 7 / 6 (in 3), 7 / 7 (2), 8 / 6 * (7), 8 / 7 (33), 8 / 8 (1), 9 / 7 (8); unsegmented (procurrent) caudal rays 9 / 9 (in 1), 10 / 9 (1), 10 / 10 (1); lateral scale count 26 – 30 (usually 28, 29 in syntype); TRB 8 – 12 (usually 10, 9 in syntype); predorsal scale count 8 – 11 (usually 10 *). Gill rakers on outer face of first arch 2 + 5 (in 4), 2 + 6 (7), 3 + 6 (4), 3 + 7 (5), 4 + 6 (1). Body relatively slender, compressed. Head large and bluntly rounded, wider than deep, especially in males (HL 23.5 – 31.3 % SL (mean 27.1 %). Depth at posterior preopercular margin 55.0 – 70.0 HL (mean 61.0 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 57.0 – 84.0 % HL (mean 70.2 %). Mouth moderate, subterminal, horizontal to very slightly oblique; jaws reaching to vertical through mid-eye in adult males and to anterior part of eye in females; upper jaw 28.4 – 49.7 % HL (mean 39.0 %), jaws in male always larger than in female (mean 42.8 % of HL versus 34 % in females); lips thin, to fleshy and thick in large males, lower lip broadly fused to chin anteriorly; inner edge of lower lip with fine fimbriae. Eyes lateral, high on head, top forming part of dorsal profile, 18.8 – 30.0 % HL (mean 24.5 %). Snout rounded and slightly inflated, 24.3 – 34.2 % HL (mean 28.4 %). Interorbital moderate, 11.8 – 28.2 % HL (mean 16.4 %). Body depth at anal origin 16.5 – 22.8 % SL (mean 19.3 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 24.6 – 30.6 % SL (mean 27.8 %). Caudal peduncle depth 10.0 – 17.6 % SL (mean 12.3 %). First dorsal fin roughly triangular with rounded margin, with first to fourth spines longest, usually third (in 21 of those measured) or first (in 17). Appressed first dorsal fin just reaching to second dorsal fin origin in adult males, fin falling short of second dorsal fin in females; fin length 15.1 – 23.2 % SL (mean 19.1 %). Third dorsal spine length 10.0 – 15.5 % SL (mean 12.8 %). Fourth dorsal spine length 10.7 – 14.1 % SL (mean 13.1 %). Second dorsal and anal fin heights moderate, fins rounded to pointed posteriorly with posteriormost rays longest, rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval to rounded, central rays longest, extending back to vertical just before anus, 19.7 – 24.4 % SL (mean 21.5 %). Pelvic fins rounded, not reaching anus, 17.8 – 23.9 % SL (mean 20.3 %). Caudal fin narrow and slender, rounded posteriorly, 24.4 – 34.2 % SL (mean 28.9 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril rounded to oval, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening extending from pectoral fin base or to under mid-opercle. Gill rakers on outer face of first arch very short stubs. Shoulder girdle usually smooth, may have narrow bony to fleshy flange along edge. Tongue tip blunt to rounded; fleshy in larger males. Upper jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, teeth in outer row always largest and usually evenly spaced, stout and conical, curved to fairly straight with slightly pointed to almost blunt tips; teeth in inner rows very small, close-set and sharp. Lower jaw teeth in 3 – 5 rows, conical, and curved to almost upright in outermost row, with sharp tips; no symphyseal canines present. Teeth in females smaller than in males. Body scales ctenoid to behind pectoral fin; cycloid scales on predorsal and pectoral fin base; opercle with several rows of small cycloid scales, lower quarter to half of opercle may be naked; belly usually with ctenoid scales anteriorly, cycloid on posterior half, or all scales cycloid. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern as in Fig. 22. Coloration of preserved material. Head and body yellowish white to brownish, darker along dorsum and usually paler ventrally, scale margins usually darkened, noticeable even on dark specimens. Dorsum with about 8 – 9 short dark brown blotches, commencing on mid-nape; blotches may join diffuse oblique brown blotches on upper half of body. Mid-side of body with about six dark brown elongate blotches or X-shaped spots ending in small round blackish brown spot just before caudal fin base, and vertically elongate dark brown mark along hypural crease, mark may have small dark brown spot above and below it; hypural crease mark may appear as two coalesced dark brown spots. Predorsal with brown mottling and indistinct spots. Breast, pectoral fin base and belly plain brownish. Peritoneum blackish on dorsal half, ventral half silvery white. Snout and side of head dark brown, lips plain brown with chin always paler than lips. Dark brown marks may be present by lower rear edge of eye, just behind corner of mouth; indistinct dark brown bar from lower front edge of eye to upper lip may be present. First dorsal fin transparent to slightly greyish with two dark brown bands along fin, one just above base and one at mid-fin, may be blackish spot in rear part of mid-fin band; fin margin with scattered brownish pigment which may form distinct marginal dark band. Second dorsal fin transparent to greyish with 5 – 6 irregular lines of elongate dark brown spots, becoming more diffuse posteriorly. Anal fin plain dark brown with translucent margin. Caudal fin transparent to greyish with 6 – 8 irregular dark brown lines, becoming diffuse and indiscernible ventrally and darker and more pronounced near dorsal edge close to fin base. Pectoral fin translucent, evenly scattered with fine melanophores. Pelvic fins and frenum greyish brown in males and whitish in females; in some males margin of fin distinctly whitish and contrasting with central dark region, occasionally dark area is split into two dark oblongs. Coloration of fresh material. Based on photos of captive specimens (Fig. 23). Head and body translucent brownish grey, paler ventrally, scale margins on upper half of body at least narrowly outlined with slightly darker pigment. About 7 – 9 diffuse brownish short saddles across dorsum; several of these with indistinct oblique narrow bars extending to mid-side of body, to join row of about eight dark brown paired spots extending from below first dorsal fin to middle of caudal peduncle. Dark brown spot at base of caudal fin just above midline and similar dark spot at lower base of fin; markings may be joined as irregular brown bar. Several dark brown blotches or spots present just above pectoral fin base. Peritoneum white, usually showing through body wall. Side of head with short dark brown bar from lower rear edge of eye across cheek, may be second short oblique dark mark from above upper jaw, or whole side of head dark and relatively unspotted. Lips whitish to pinkish white. Iris iridescent brownish grey to silvery pinkish grey with narrow pale ring around pupil. First dorsal fin translucent yellowish to pale yellowish brown, always brighter yellow on proximal half of fin with two brown bands, one across centre and one near base, with bright blue spot at rear of fin at end of central brown band. Second dorsal fin translucent yellowish to pale yellowish brown with 2 – 3 indistinct brownish bands, dark pigment mostly present on rays, yellow broad fin margin. Anal fin brownish yellow with bright bluish white margin. Caudal fin transparent yellowish with about five irregular brownish bands. Pectoral fin transparent, with brown spot at base of uppermost few rays. Pelvic fins with translucent pale golden brownish rays. Comparisons. This species is similar to the eastern Australian species P. eos but differs in having higher second dorsal and anal fin ray counts (I, 8 - 9, usually I, 8 second dorsal rays and I, 7 – 9, usually I, 8 anal rays versus second dorsal and anal rays I, 6 - 8, usually I, 7 in P. eos), higher TRB (usually 10 versus usually 8), more lateral scales (27 – 30 versus 25 – 27), more predorsal scales (usually 10 versus usually 7 – 8), and is more robust compared to the more elongate P. eos with a typically larger head in males (mean 27.8 versus 25.5 % SL).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD34802FF53F5FDFDC4F88A.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to south-western Australia. Recorded from Murchison River in Western Australia to the Gulf St Vincent region of South Australia including Adelaide and Kangaroo Island. Hybrid individuals involving this species with P. eos occur in south-east South Australia (from just east of and including the Murray River estuary and lakes), south-west Victoria (Glenelg River area) and north-west Tasmania.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD34802FF53F5FDFDC4F88A.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Shallow-water estuarine to freshwater to hypersaline lakes; found in estuaries of rivers, streams and mangroves, at depths of 0 – 3 m. Can extend some distance inland in freshwater situations, escpecially where secondary salinization has occurred following land clearing (Morgan et al. 2003). Humphries & Potter (1993) described the diet of P. olorum in a sand and Ruppia seagrass habitat (detritus, amphipods, mollusc siphons, ostracods). Neira & Potter (1994) discuss the seasonal abundance of P. olorum larvae in a Western Australian estuary, where the species was the second most abundant after Engraulis australis. In the Swan River estuary, this species spawns in spring and autumn, with the young of that year spawning the following autumn when they are about five months old (Morgan et al. 1998). Some survive to spawn again the following year, but the life span is usually one year (Morgan et al. 1998).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD34802FF53F5FDFDC4F88A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Eastern populations of this species were split as a second species, P. eos, supporting a previously purported divide at the Glenelg River in western Victoria (Larson & Hoese 1996) and supported with molecular data (Hammer et al. 2021). Genetic data indicates the central area of overlap (Murray Mouth to Glenelg River inclusive and north-west Tasmania) between the two taxa represents a hybrid zone. Putative hybrid specimens examined within this geographic zone from the Coorong (SAMA F. 5123) were morphologically indistinguishable from P. olorum; further work with tissue vouchered material would be beneficial to characterise hybrid individuals and to fully map the hybrid zone.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD84879FF53F3C9FC8AFBF2.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 3, 24 – 25, Tables 1 – 5, 18	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD84879FF53F3C9FC8AFBF2.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. INDONESIA: Syntype of Gobius poicilosoma, RMNH 4488, 31 mm SL female, brackish water, Pasuruan, Java, 1847. Holotype of Gobius javanicus, RMNH 4549, 34 mm SL female, in river, Patjitan, Java, 1879. Holotype of Gobius gastrospilos, RMNH 4676, 30 mm SL specimen (sex undetermined), Batavia [Jakarta]. NTM S. 11125 - 016, 111 (18 – 33), mangroves at S end Sanur beach, Bali, H. Larson, T. Gloerfeldt-Tarp and P. Kailola, 10 June 1983; NTM S. 11125 - 029, 2 (30 - 31), Sanur Beach, South End, Bali, HL 83 - 19, T. Gloerfelt-Tarp, P. Kailola and H. K. Larson, 10 June 1983; ZSM / CMK 6083, 4 (26 – 29.5), S of Tanjung Pasir, Tanjerang District, West Java, M. Kottelat and F. Yuwono, 29 May 1988; WAM P. 30806 - 003, 11 (20.5 – 34), brackish lake [Danau Haji Buang] in centre of Maratua Island, east Kalimantan, G. R. Allen, 21 May 1994. SINGAPORE: CMK 6012, 24 (12 – 31), canal into sea, W coast, M. Kottelat and P. Ng, 21 May 1988; USNM 366851, 27 (14.5 – 23), Sungei Buloh, just outside Nature Reserve, small stream entering Straits of Johor, L. Parenti, H. Larson, K. Lim and N. Sivasothi, 5 September 1997. THAILAND: S. 17893 - 002, 14 (24.5 – 34), Chantaburi Province, Mahidolia Project, T. Wongratana. VIETNAM: NTM S. 17895 - 002, 3 (19.5 – 22), Bac Lieu, K. Shibukawa and party, 19 May 2012. TAIWAN: NMMB P. 3901, 8 (18 – 30.5), Da-pon-wan, Pingtung, I-S. Chen, 12 November 1995. PHILIPPINES: USNM 241843, 42 (13.5 – 31), Canauay River about 75 m upstream from mouth, in tidal mangrove pool, Negros Oriental, L. Knapp and party, 9 May 1979. JAPAN: YCM P- 8183, 13 (25 – 31), Kabira Bay, Ishigaki-jima, M. Hayashi, 10 March 1976; NSMT P. 15776, 8, river on Ishigaki Island, Ryukyu Islands, 29 March 1973. Additional material (no data taken). THAILAND: USNM 316047, 2, Cheh Bilang; USNM 316048, 4, Cholburi; USNM 316044, 1, roadside ditch near Tah Chalap, T. Roberts and party, 5 May 1970. HONG KONG: NTM S. 15340 - 001, 2, Tai Tan, Hong Kong area, T. Lam, 6 December 2000; CAS / SU 32837, 1, Lan Tau Island, A. W. Herre, 7 January 1936. INDONESIA: CMK 7264, 8, Padang Island, Sumatra; CMK ex 4546, 1, Padang, Sumatra; NTM S. 14156 - 003, 11, Benete River, South Sumbawa, AQ 32, K. Martin, 2 April 1995; NTM S. 16227 - 001, 3, Buhias, Mantehage Island, North Sulawesi; NTM S. 16226 - 001, 1, Likupang, North Sulawesi, G. Polgar, 16 September 2005 [last 2 lots genotyped]. SINGAPORE: CAS-SU 30373, 33, Pulau Ubin; CAS-SU 33164, 20, Singapore; NTM S. 13968 - 002, 23, Sungei Pandan, D. Hoese, K. Lim and P. Ng, 22 December 1993; NTM S. 13960 - 011, 22, concrete drain, Marshlands Reserve, H. K. Larson and party, 6 January 1994; NTM S. 17471 - 007, 2, Lim Chu Kang, HL 12 - 7, H. K. Larson and party, 27 October 2012; NTM S. 17453 - 006, 4 (31 - 33), creek off Observatory, Pulau Ubin, HL 12 - 1, H. K. Larson and party, 16 October 2012. BRUNEI: NTM S. 14800 - 004, 8, Sungai Penabai, Tutong District, HL 97 - 75, H. K. Larson and party, 23 August 1997; PHILIPPINES: CAS-SU 38642, 12, Cagayan River, Mindanao; CAS-SU 38641, 37, Capiz, Panay; CAS-SU 29845, 2, Mactan Island; USNM 316199, 45, E of Iloilo City, Panay; CMK 9908, 9, Ambacan River at Baybay, M. Kottelat, 2 July 1993. JAPAN: NTM S. 12135 - 010, 5, Nakama River, Iriomote Island, HL 85 - 54, H. K. Larson, 19 August 1985; NTM S. 12731 - 023, 1, Yonada River, Iriomote Island, H. Senou and Aonuma, 19 August 1985.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD84879FF53F3C9FC8AFBF2.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 7 – 8; anal rays I, 6 – 8; pectoral rays 14 – 17; 15 – 16 segmented caudal rays usually in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 23 – 28; TRB 7 – 10; predorsal scales 6 – 8; opercle with at least two rows of cycloid scales, may be 1 – 2 cycloid scales on cheek right behind eye; shoulder girdle smooth or with narrow irregular flange; tongue blunt; upper jaw teeth usually widely spaced, conical to slightly flattened, fairly straight with slightly pointed tips (tips may be honey-coloured); colour pattern includes diagnostic dark brown diagonal band from first dorsal fin, a well-spaced pair of dots on the caudal peduncle and many rows of fine dark spots on caudal fin; widespread in estuarine to freshwater habitats of East Asia, South Asia and South-east Asia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD84879FF53F3C9FC8AFBF2.taxon	description	Description. Based on 70 specimens, 16 – 34.5 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 31 mm SL female syntype of Gobius poicilosoma (Fig. 24). First dorsal VI *; second dorsal I, 7 – 8 (usually I, 7, I, 6 in syntype); anal I, 6 – 8 (usually 7 *); pectoral rays 13 – 17 (usually 15, 16 in syntype); segmented caudal rays 8 / 7 – 9 / 7; branched caudal rays 6 / 6 – 8 / 7, modally 8 / 7; unsegment- ed (procurrent) caudal rays 7 / 7 (in 1), 8 / 6 (1); lateral scale count 23 – 28 (usually 25 *); TRB 7 * – 10 (8); predorsal scale count 6 – 8 (7 *). Gill rakers on outer face of first arch very short, 2 + 6 (1), 2 + 7 (1), 2 + 8 (1), 2 + 9 (1), 3 + 7 (2), 3 + 8 (2). Body stout, compressed. Head wider than deep, especially in males (may have inflated cheeks), HL 23.0 – 29.4 % SL (mean 26.0 %). Depth at posterior preopercular margin 61.7 – 73.7 HL (mean 67.6 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 66.2 – 85.7 % HL (mean 73.9 %). Mouth small, subterminal, very slightly oblique, upper jaw slightly in advance of lower; jaws reaching to vertical through mid-eye or just posterior to mid-eye in adult males (females with smaller jaws); upper jaw 22.2 – 45.3 % HL (mean 35.6 %); lips relatively thin, upper lip fleshier than lower lip; lower broadly fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, top usually forming part of dorsal profile, 26.5 – 36.2 % HL (mean 30.6 %). Snout rounded and somewhat inflated, 21.4 – 34.7 % HL (mean 28.2 %). Interorbital moderate, 11.3 – 24.3 % HL (mean 17.8 %). Body depth at anal origin 17.0 – 26.2 % SL (mean 21.4 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 23.5 – 34.3 % SL (mean 28.9 %). Caudal peduncle depth 11.9 – 17.6 % SL (mean 14.4 %). First dorsal fin low, rounded to roughly triangular, second to third spines longest (usually second). Appressed first dorsal fin just reaching to first second dorsal fin element in adult males, fin falling short of second dorsal in females. Second dorsal spine length 13.3 – 27.3 % SL (mean 17.1 %). Third dorsal spine length 12.9 – 27.3 % SL (mean 15.4 %). Second dorsal and anal fin heights moderate, fins pointed posteriorly with posteriormost rays longest, rays falling short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval to rounded, central rays longest, extending back to vertical just above anus, 15.9 – 26.5 % SL (mean 23.1 %). Pelvic fins rounded, just reaching to anus, 18.6 – 26.2 % SL (mean 21.5 %). Caudal fin broad, rounded posteriorly, 26.8 – 37.1 % SL (mean 31.4 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening usually extending forward to under mid-opercle. Gill rakers on outer face of first arch very short pointed stubs. Shoulder girdle smooth or with narrow irregular flange. Tongue tip blunt. Upper jaw teeth in 3 – 4 rows, teeth in outer row always largest and usually widely spaced, conical to slightly flattened, fairly straight with slightly pointed tips (tips may be honey-coloured); teeth in the 2 – 3 inner rows very small, close-set and sharp; some females have outer row teeth very small and almost blunt-tipped. Lower jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, small, conical, close-set, with rather blunt to sharp tips; 2 – 3 curved symphyseal canines behind anterior tooth rows in males. Body scales ctenoid to pectoral fin base and sometimes extending further forward to above opercle, cycloid scales on predorsal and pectoral fin base; opercle with at least 2 rows of cycloid scales, 1 – 2 cycloid scales occasionally present on cheek right behind eye; belly scales cycloid on posterior half at least, may be ctenoid scales anteriorly. Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern as in Fig. 2. Coloration of preserved material. Colour photographs of freshly dead P. poicilosoma are in Kottelat et al. (1993), Kimura et al. (2009) and Tran et al. (2013) (and see Fig. 25). Head and body whitish to pale yellowish brown, with darker brown markings. Head with plain grey to light brown snout, nape with irregular brown mottling and spotting, posteriormost to all nape scales with dark brown spot at rear of each scale. Side of head with one broad brown bar from front of eye to end on jaw about halfway between anterior nostril and corner of mouth; second brown bar from ventral edge of eye running ventrally just past end of jaws and ending just before ventral margin of preopercle; always a paler area on each side of bars. Cheek and opercle with variable scattered greyish to dark brown mottling and irregular small spots; often a third narrow dark brown bar from lower rear edge of eye to rear edge of preopercle. Lips narrowly outlined with dark brown, in both sexes. Underside of head plain whitish to dusky grey. Side of body with mid-lateral series of four pairs of dark brown round to elongate spots, which often fuse to form four elongate dark blotches; anteriormost spots usually subsumed by characteristic anteriorly diagonal dark brown band from below rear of first dorsal fin and ending above abdomen; diagonal dark band may be very dis- tinct and almost black, broken-up or indistinct, but remnants always visible; may be a pair of dark brown spots just behind base of diagonal dark bar on lower side. Remainder of body with scattered small dark brown spots and blotches, which may form irregular rows or pairs of markings. Dorsum with 6 – 7 indistinct dark brown blotches or small saddles; these often indistinct; scales on dorsal half of body may have thin dark margins. Breast and belly plain whitish to grey to brown, usually darkest in adult males. Peritoneum dark brown to almost black dorsally, fading on sides to pale grey or pale ventrally. Four internal (usually only visible in recently preserved material) dusky grey blotches along ventral midline, two above anal fin and two on caudal peduncle. Posteriormost mid-lateral pair of dark spots, at mid-base of caudal fin, usually coalesced into single spot or blotch. On scaly base of caudal fin itself, two dark brown to blackish often rounded spots, placed above and below last mid-lateral spot, often forming a recumbent Y; lowermost caudal base spot usually smaller than upper and always placed slightly further away from mid-base spot. First dorsal fin transparent to translucent dusky brownish, with broad brown to dark brown submarginal band and second central brown band ending in black spot on membrane between fourth to sixth spines; the two brown bands may coalesce or become indistinct but black spot always present (may be small); leading edge of first dorsal spine often with 3 – 4 brown spots. Second dorsal fin transparent to pale grey with 3 – 4 rows of dark brown small spots and streaks, markings fading or coalescing toward rear of fin. Anal fin plain pale grey to translucent, often with clear margin; fin always darkest in adult males. Caudal fin transparent to greyish with 5 – 6 curving rows of small dark brown spots, most distinct near the two large basal spots and becoming more scattered and diffuse posteriorly. Pectoral fin base as in body colour with brown to dark brown square blotch or bar on uppermost part. Pectoral fin transparent to slightly greyish, with rays having scattered brown streaks and speckling mostly on upper part of fin (especially in males). Pelvic fins almost translucent white in females; in adult males, fin pale grey to dark brown with sides of disc and most of frenum clear and base of frenum near breast dark brown (may form line or bar). Coloration of fresh material. The following is based largely on in-situ photographs by Gerry Allen of live Indonesian fish (see also Fig. 25). Colour photographs of live or freshly dead P. poicilosoma from other localities are in Senou et al. (2004), Larson & Lim (2005) and Zhou & Gao (2011). When alive, brown to dark brown markings on body and fins are often darker than in preserved material, but the fish look very similar, alive or dead. Head and body translucent yellowish to whitish to very light brown, with red-brown, dark brown and light brownish markings as per preserved colour (see above), with pearly white to bluish white small spots and speckles (absent in preserved fish); dorsal half of body often with pale yellowish white vertical mark on scales, in staggered to almost random pattern. Peritoneum visible through body wall, yellowish white to yellow in colour. Iris red-gold with narrow bright gold edging to pupil. Four internal blackish blotches visible through body wall along mid-ventral line from middle of anal fin to close by caudal fin base. Black spot in first dorsal fin may have whitish blue to bright blue edging dorsally. Anal fin may show blue iridescence over the grey membrane; fin margin yellowish brown to bright white. Pectoral fins transparent with rays whitish, rays becoming darker in dorsal half of fin. Pelvic fins with creamy white rays. Caudal fin transparent to translucent yellowish, with scattered whitish spots interspersed among brown to black rows of spots. Comparisons. The dark diagonal band from the first dorsal fin is distinctive (though also present in P. fulvicaudus and P. verticalis n. sp.), in conjunction with the dark bar below the eye, low, usually rounded first dorsal fin, evenly spaced conical teeth with slightly flattened tips (usually) in both sexes, well-spaced dots on the caudal peduncle and the rows of fine dark spots on the caudal fin.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD84879FF53F3C9FC8AFBF2.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Widely distributed throughout western Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Philippines and southern Japan; west of Lydekker’s Line.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD84879FF53F3C9FC8AFBF2.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Shallow-water estuarine, found in estuaries of rivers, streams and mangroves, at depths of 0 – 1 m, especially in mangrove habitats.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFD84879FF53F3C9FC8AFBF2.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Bleeker’s seven syntypes of Gobius poicilosoma are not in best condition, with scales mostly missing and one without a head; plus there may be more than one species in the lot (we hope to re-examine them one day and fully resolve this, but have been unable to do so due to RMNH renovation). Two of them are close to Bleeker’s “ type ” of 39 mm total length. The remaining colour markings on the body and caudal fin (as of 1988 when HKL examined them, see Fig. 24), matches the colour patterns observed in recent material (see Fig. 25), as do fin ray and scale counts. The colour pattern described in Bleeker’s original description indicates that the side of the body had many irregular dark brown spots and the second dorsal and caudal fins had a mottled or spotted pattern [the name’s etymology: poicilo, mottled, spotted or varicolored; soma, body]. Bleeker (1853) described Gobius gastrospilos from the holotype, RMNH 4676, a 30.5 mm SL specimen in poor condition, with both its jaws missing, fins broken and sensory canals mostly torn open (Fig. 25 D). It has second dorsal and anal fin ray counts of I, 7, 15 pectoral rays, 25 ctenoid lateral scales, 7 TRB scales and 7 predorsal scales that are all cycloid up to close behind the eyes, and the opercle has several rows of cycloid scales. It shares scale and fin ray counts with P. poicilosoma. Koumans (1932) examined type specimens at RMNH while attempting to revise Stigmatogobius, and considered that Gobius gastrospilos and G. poicilosoma were different species because G. gastrospilos type specimen had scales on the preopercle (but did not say exactly where), while the G. poicilosoma type specimen had no preopercular scales. We have observed that P. poicilosoma occasionally does have one to two scales behind the eye, unlike P. hoesei which always has scales behind the eye but does not occur in the Indonesian archipelago (but does occur in New Guinea and Aru Islands). Koumans described the dark paired blotches at the base of the caudal fin in G. poicilosoma but stated that G. gastrospilos was “ uniform brownish ” [likely as a result of preservation; Fig. 25 D]. Originally we had considered that Pseudogobius poicilosoma and P. hoesei were conspecific, but as work proceeded we realised that based on biogeography (Sunda / Wallacea versus Sahul regions (Lohman et al. 2011 )), examination of type specimens, their colour patterns and Bleeker’s descriptions, that P. poicilosoma is what has been called P. javanicus. Note that all three type names (G. poicilosoma, G. gastrospilos and S. javanicus) were given to specimens collected within close proximity to each other on coastal Java, Indonesia. The lack of ctenoid nape and opercle scales and colour pattern remnants preclude P. gastrospilos from being a senior synonym of P. melanosticta as proposed by Huang et al. (2014 a) (and see under that species). Vaimosa piapensis Herre, 1927, is placed in Pseudogobius poicilosoma based on information in Herre’s description and figure as per Larson (2001). Koumans (1940) examined three of Herre’s syntypes at BSM (before they were destroyed in WWII) and stated that they were “ Identical with Stigmatogobius javanicus ”. Nguyen’s 1991 record of Stigmatogobius poicilosoma is illustrated by a drawing of a Pseudogobius, but its species is uncertain. Huang et al. (2015) presented the mitochondrial genome for P. poicilosoma (as P. javanicus), based on specimens collected from Kinmen, Taiwan, with additional matching mitochondrial genotypes found by Dahruddin et al. (2017) in Java, Indonesia slightly to the east of Jakarta (topotypic with Gobius gastrospilos), and by Hammer et al. (2021) in North Sulawesi, Indonesia and Singapore and Vietnam.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA6487CFF53F0A5FE8BF96D.taxon	description	Racing-stripe snubnose goby Figs 1, 26 – 27, Tables 2 – 5, 19	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA6487CFF53F0A5FE8BF96D.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. Holotype: NTM S. 14028 - 020, 15 mm SL male, Nayarnpi Creek, Roper River, Northern Territory, Australia, HL 94 - 20, H. K. Larson and R. S. Williams, 10 September 1994. Paratypes: NORTHERN TER- RITORY: NTM S. 14028 - 024, 365 (6 – 20), same data as holotype; NTM S. 10469 - 011, 262 (7 – 17), Channel Island, mangrove creek at south end, H. K. Larson, R. S. Williams and A. Sim, 5 July 1982; NTM S. 11360 - 010, 9 (12 – 19), Darbilla Creek mangroves, Milingimbi, H. K. Larson, P. Horner, R. Johannes and Lyle, 23 July 1984; NTM S. 13465 - 005, 4 (13 – 17), mouth of Blackmore River, M. Burke, 17 June 1991. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: AMS I. 25518 - 007, 5 (16 – 18), West Creek at road crossing, Port Hedland, Western Australia, D. F. Hoese and D. Rennis, 18 September 1985; AMS I. 25538 - 009, 6 (13 – 15), Parry Creek, 7.5. km from road, Wyndham, Western Australia, D. F. Hoese and D. Rennis, 28 September 1985. QUEENSLAND: NTM S. 12869 - 004, 10 (14 – 16), Embley River, Cape York, S. Blaber, 30 October 1990. Additional material (no data taken). NORTHERN TERRITORY: CSIRO H. 8045 - 01, 3, west side Groote Eylandt, Northern Territory, S. Blaber, 21 October 1990; NTM S. 14024 - 018, 6, Small Creek North Side, Roper River, HL 94 - 16, H. K. Larson and R. S. Williams, 8 September 1994; NTM S. 14042 - 040, 22, Mangrove Creek at Mouth, Towns River, HL 94 - 35, H. K. Larson and R. S. Williams, 13 September 1994; NTM S. 10798 - 036, 6, NW corner of Buchanan Island, Bathurst Island, HL 82 - 87, H. K. Larson, J. Randall and G. Cole, 18 November 1982; NTM S. 15831 - 001, 2, Charles Darwin National Park, Darwin Harbour, E 1 - 8, K. Metcalfe, 14 July 2003; AMS I. 23936 - 008, 1, East Arm boat ramp, Darwin Harbour, D. Rennis and R. Williams, D. Rennis and R. Williams, 3 August 1983; NTM S. 13489 - 004, 1, Blackmore River Mouth, Middle Arm, Darwin Harbour, SITE 2, M. Burke, 6 March 1992; NTM S. 16164 - 011, 1, Ludmilla Creek, Darwin Harbour, HL 03 - 01, H. K. Larson and party, 3 July 2003; NTM S. 18301 - 002, 9, East Arm boat ramp, Darwin Harbour, MH 19 - 03, M. Hammer and M Borok, 21 February, 2019; NTM S. 12446 - 009, 1, creek at south end Cadell Strait, Napier Peninsula, HL 88 - 8, H. K. Larson, 2 February 1988; NTM S. 15915 - 010, 22, Field Island, Kakadu National Park, HL 04 - 25, H. K. Larson and party, 18 August 2004. QUEENSLAND: AMS I. 23277 - 014, 5, Mission River mouth, Wallaby Island, D. Hoese and D. Rennis, 9 October 1982; NTM S. 12869 - 002, 3, Embley River, Cape York, S. Blaber, 30 October 1990; AMS I. 23265 - 004, 4, Embley River, Weipa, D. F. Hoese and D. Rennis, October 1982; AMS I. 22078 - 011, 4, Norman River, Karumba, D. Hoese and H. Larson, 28 September 1980. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: WAM P. 25472 - 003, 1, Derby, V. Semenuik, October 1975; AMS I. 25522 - 004, 2, creek by caravan park, King Sound, Derby, Western Australia, D. F. Hoese and D. Rennis, 21 September 1985.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA6487CFF53F0A5FE8BF96D.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small, strongly sexually dichromatic Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 7; anal rays I, 6 – 7; pectoral rays 13 – 16; 16 segmented caudal rays in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 25 – 28; TRB 8 – 9; predorsal scales 6 – 8; snout short and slightly pointed; opercle with 3 rows of cycloid scales, cheek naked; shoulder girdle with smooth edge or low angled bony flange; tongue short, tip blunt to bluntly rounded; outer row of teeth in upper jaw slender, slightly curved and pointed (may be slightly flattened); males with narrow black line along mid-side of body and dense black rounded spot at upper base of caudal fin, while females with broken dark brown line and a less pronounced black spot at upper base of caudal fin; known from mangrove creeks and muddy rocky reefs in northern Australia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA6487CFF53F0A5FE8BF96D.taxon	description	Description. Based on 35 specimens, 13 – 19.5 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 15 mm SL male holotype (Fig. 27 D). First dorsal VI *; second dorsal always I, 7 *; anal I, 6 – 7 * (rarely I, 6); pectoral rays 13 – 16 (usually 15 *); segmented caudal rays 9 / 7, 8 / 7 once; branched caudal rays 6 / 6 – 8 / 7, usually 7 / 6 8 / 7; lateral scale count 25 – 28 (modally 26 *); TRB 8 – 9 * (modally 8); predorsal scale count 6 – 8 (modally 7 *). Gill rakers on outer face of first arch tiny and pointed, 1 + 5 (1). Body slender, compressed. Head slightly wider than deep, HL 24.1 – 28.1 % SL (mean 26.1 %). Depth at posterior preopercular margin 59.5 – 66.7 HL (mean 62.8 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 63.4 – 75.0 % HL (mean 70.1 %). Mouth small, subterminal, very slightly oblique, jaws reaching to below mid-eye in males and to anterior half of eye in females; upper jaw 28.6 – 43.9 % HL (mean 34.8 %); lips relatively thin, lower lip broadly fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, 28.2 – 35.1 % HL (mean 31.7 %). Snout short, rounded, 21.3 – 28.9 % HL (mean 25.5 %). Interorbital narrow, 10.3 – 19.4 % HL (mean 16.0 %). Body depth at anal origin 16.4 – 19.2 % SL (mean 18.0 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 25.9 – 30.8 % SL (mean 29.1 %). Caudal peduncle depth 11.3 – 28.9 % SL (mean 17.7 %). First dorsal fin low, rounded to roughly triangular, second to third spines longest. Appressed first dorsal fin may just reach or fall short of first second dorsal fin element in adult males, fin falling well short of second dorsal fin in females; length 15.9 – 19.3 % SL (mean 17.9 %). Second dorsal spine length 11.6 – 15.6 % SL (mean 14.0 %). Third dorsal spine length 11.6 – 15.0 % SL (mean 13.9 %). Second dorsal and anal fins short, low, fins slightly pointed to rounded posteriorly with posteriormost rays longest, rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval, central rays longest, not quite reaching a vertical above anus, 17.3 – 24.8 % SL (mean 21.2 %). Pelvic fins short, rounded, not reaching anus, 15.0 – 20.7 % SL (mean 18.3 %). Caudal fin oval, rounded posteriorly, 25.1 – 31.7 % SL (mean 27.8 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening narrow, extending length of pectoral fin base. Gill rakers on outer face of first arch tiny and pointed. Shoulder girdle with narrow smooth edge or with low angled bony flange. Tongue short, tip blunt to bluntly rounded. Upper jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, teeth in outermost row always largest, slender, slightly curved and pointed (may be slightly flattened), inner row teeth small and sharp. Lower jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows, similar in size and shape to those of upper jaw but usually more upright. Body scales ctenoid in wedge shape to below first dorsal fin or to close behind pectoral fin base, predorsal scales cycloid; pectoral fin base naked; opercle with three rows of cycloid scales; breast and belly naked or with cycloid scales (belly may have some ctenoid scales anteriorly). Lateral canals, pores and sensory papillae pattern as in Fig. 26; several specimens from Channel Island (Northern Territory) with separate interorbital canals (therefore two posterior interorbital pores present instead of one). Coloration of preserved material. Males with head and body pale yellowish to yellowish brown, with scale margins narrowly outlined with brown, less defined on lower half of body (Fig. 27). Head darker than body in mature males, with no distinctive spots or bars on side of head. Dark brown to blackish line running from above opercle along mid-side of body to end at hypural crease, where line broadens to become rounded blotch or narrow vertical bar along caudal base. Underside of head and breast dark brown; belly paler and may be unpigmented. First dorsal fin transparent with black line of variable width above base; fin margin transparent to greyish. Second dorsal fin transparent with grey or blackish band above base and scattered greyish blotches or streaks below margin. Anal fin plain brown to grey. Pectoral fins transparent with scattered grey speckles. Pelvic fins brown with translucent frenum and disc margin. Caudal fin transparent to greyish to dark grey, with translucent to whitish rear margin and characteristic round black spot near upper base of fin, often with short curved bar extending ventroposteriorly from it; may be second smaller dark spot anterior to black spot. When alive, black stripe along side may have scattered faintly iridescent blue or blue-green spots along it. Females with head and body pale yellowish to whitish, with scale margins on dorsum outlined in brown or diffuse blackish, forming cross-hatched pattern; markings on lower half of body generally less distinct than on upper. Mid-side of body with broken brown line or series of brown elongate blotches; line may be partly replaced by diffuse X-shaped dark marks. Base of caudal fin with variable triangular to <- shaped brown blotch. Head plain brown; heavily pigmented females with dark brown line from front of eye to snout tip, covering nostrils. Underside of head and breast pale brown or unpigmented; belly pale. Unpaired fins similar to those in male but markings generally paler. Pectoral and pelvic fins translucent. Caudal fin transparent to pale greyish with round or oval dark brown spot at upper base, with whitish round blotch above and below dark spot; lowermost whitish blotch with brown margin ventroposteriorly. Coloration of live specimens. Males and females sexually dichromatic (Fig. 27). Males with head and body pale fawn to translucent pale brown, head darker brown in adults, scale margins on lower half of body thinly edged with dark brown, dorsum with about 7 – 8 irregular brown patches; narrow black line from mid-eye running along mid-side of body to end at caudal fin base. Indistinct blackish line may be present from front of eye angled down to front of snout. Lips dark brown. Iris golden. Peritoneum silvery white, visible through body wall. First dorsal fin translucent yellowish with faintly greyish margin and brownish stripe along base; second dorsal fin transparent with broken brownish strip along base and faint greyish speckling on distal half of fin; anal fin dusky grey with broad bright white margin; caudal fin translucent grey to dark grey, palest dorsally, with broad white margin, large black and bright blue blotch on upper part of fin close to base with short curved bar extending ventroposteriorly from it; pectoral fins transparent; pelvic fins dark brown to blackish with white to bluish white margin. Females with head and body pale fawn to translucent pale brown, scale margins on body very thinly edged with brown, side of body with scattered irregular brown spots and blotches; dorsum with about 7 – 10 small irregular brown patches. Indistinct brownish line may be present from front of eye angled down to front of snout. Lips pale brown. Iris golden. Peritoneum silvery white ventrally and posteriorly, visible through body wall. Caudal fin transparent with blackish rounded spot on upper base of fin, with blackish curved band running ventrally from it and surrounding pale yellow blotch; pale yellow area present on base of fin above blackish round spot. Comparisons. This species is not easily confused with other species of Pseudogobius due to its small size and strong sexual dichromatism, and the distinctive pattern on the caudal fin separates both sexes from all other species.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA6487CFF53F0A5FE8BF96D.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Endemic to northern Australia, from Port Hedland, Western Australia to Weipa on western Cape York Peninsula, Queensland.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA6487CFF53F0A5FE8BF96D.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Shallow-water estuarine to marine, found in mangrove creeks and muddy rocky reefs, at depths of 0 – 2 m. Typically co-occurs with P. aquilonius.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA6487CFF53F0A5FE8BF96D.taxon	etymology	Etymology. This species is named rhizophora (as a noun in apposition) due to its preference for mangrove habitats (and the mangrove Rhizophora stylosa is the mangrove species found over a wide range of conditions in northern Australia).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA24871FF53F3C8FBDCFAF6.taxon	description	Figs 1 and 28, Tables 1 – 5, 20	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA24871FF53F3C8FBDCFAF6.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined. CAS / SU 32833, 2 (27 – 30), Canton, China, A. W. Herre, 7 January 1936; NTM S. 17900 - 001, 2 (27 – 28.5), vicinity of Haiphong, north Vietnam, Pham Dinh Trong, March 2000. Additional material (no data taken). NTM S. 18391 - 001, 1, Tin Shui Wai, Hong Kong, Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department, F 2584, 14 May 2000; ROM 6778, vicinity of Haiphong, north Vietnam, Pham Dinh Trong, March 2000.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA24871FF53F3C8FBDCFAF6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A moderate-sized Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 7; anal rays I, 7; pectoral rays 15 – 16; 16 segmented caudal rays in 9 / 7 pattern; lateral scales 25 – 27; TRB 81 / 2 – 9; predorsal scales 8 – 9; opercle with 3 – 4 rows of cycloid scales, cheek naked; shoulder girdle smooth; tongue blunt; in males, teeth in outer row large, widely spaced, conical, fairly straight with slightly pointed tips, in females, upper jaw teeth small, evenly sized and sharp; diagnostic oblique dark bar from lower rear margin of eye joining large dark blotch on lower part of preopercle, small round black or blue spot at rear of first dorsal fin and a rather indistinct speckled and marbled body colour pattern; found in shallow estuaries and artificial ponds of East Asia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA24871FF53F3C8FBDCFAF6.taxon	description	Description. This description is based only on four available specimens, 27 – 30 mm SL. For additional data see Chen et al. ’ s (2014 a) original description. First dorsal VI; second dorsal I, 7; anal I, 7; pectoral rays 15 – 16; segmented caudal rays 9 / 7; branched caudal rays 7 / 6 or 8 / 7; lateral scale count 25 – 27; TRB 8 ½ – 10; predorsal scale count 8 – 9. Body stout and rounded anteriorly, compressed posteriorly. Head wider than deep, HL 24.1 – 26.0 % SL (mean 25.4 %). Depth at posterior preopercular margin 63.1 – 70.1 % HL (mean 66.7 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 70.3 – 80.5 % HL (mean 75.8 %). Mouth just subterminal, very slightly oblique; jaws reaching to below anterior part of eye in females and rear margin of eye in males; upper jaw 35.1 – 44.6 % HL (mean 38.8 %); lips thin, fused to chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, top usually forming part of dorsal profile, 23.0 – 31.4 % HL (mean 27.9 %). Snout rounded and slightly inflated, 23.1 – 31.2 % HL (mean 26.4 %). Interorbital moderate, 14.3 – 15.7 % HL (mean 15.1 %). Body depth at anal origin 20.7 – 22.2 % SL (mean 21.5 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 29.6 – 31.9 % SL (mean 30.7 %). Caudal peduncle depth 13.3 – 14.0 % SL (mean 13.6 %). First dorsal fin low, rounded, third spine longest but no spines elongate; fin just reaching back to fall well short of second dorsal fin in both sexes; 16.3 – 19.6 % SL (mean 18.0 %). Third dorsal spine length 12.3 – 14.1 % SL (mean 13.4 %). Second dorsal and anal fin heights low, rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval, central rays longest, not quite reaching back to above anus, 18.7 – 20.4 % SL (mean 19.7 %). Pelvic fins short, rounded, reaching about halfway to anus, 14.4 – 17.0 % SL (mean 16.1 %). Caudal fin moderate, rounded posteriorly, 23.3 – 29.8 % SL (mean 26.0 %). Anterior nostril in short tube, oriented down over upper lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening restricted to pectoral base or extending forward to just under opercle. Shoulder girdle smooth. Tongue tip blunt. Upper jaw teeth in 2 – 3 rows; in males, teeth in outer row large, widely spaced, conical, fairly straight with slightly pointed tips; in females, upper jaw teeth small, evenly sized and sharp; teeth in inner rows very small, close-set and sharp. Lower jaw teeth in both sexes in 2 – 3 rows, small, sharp and close-set. Nape scales relatively small, those behind eyes not enlarged. Body scales ctenoid to behind pectoral fin base; cycloid scales on belly, predorsal and pectoral fin base; opercle with 3 – 4 rows of cycloid scales. For sensory papillae and pores of holotype, see Chen et al. (2014: fig. 1). Coloration of preserved material. Male and female similar; with males slightly more heavily marked (Fig. 28). Head and body yellowish white, with upper half of body speckled lightly and evenly with melanophores. Dorsal surface of head and nape with brown spotting, speckles and short vermiculate lines; two blotches on nape and vermiculate lines on snout darkest. Side of head with narrow oblique dark brown bar from lower rear edge of eye reaching to about centre of preopercle and dark brown triangular blotch on lower half of opercle. Remainder of head greyish with short brown lines and spots, mostly on upper half of head. Lips brownish. Chin speckled with dark brown in male, plain whitish in female. Breast and belly pale, unmarked. Pectoral fin base pale with blotchy brown curved patch, mostly on upper part of base. Mid-side of body with five pairs of grey-brown blotches, not easily distinguished from similar blotches, short streaks and spots, mostly on upper half of body, with single grey-brown blotch at caudal fin base. Dorsum with seven evenly spaced small dark brown blotches or saddles (plus the two nape blotches), commencing at middle of first dorsal fin. Base of caudal fin with narrow vertical dark brown bar and pair of diffuse grey-brown blotches on scaly base of fin. First dorsal fin transparent with greyish speckling on rays and blackish blotch at rear of fin. Second dorsal fin transparent with about five irregular rows of small brown spots, becoming more diffuse and streaky posteriorly. Anal fin faintly greyish with whitish to clear margin. Pectoral fin translucent with some dark streaks on upper rays, originating from brown blotch on upper part of fin base. Pelvic fins translucent in female, faintly greyish in centre in male. Caudal fin transparent with 7 – 8 irregular rows of light brown spots and streaks. Coloration of fresh material. In their original description, Chen et al. (2014 a: 133, fig. 2) provide the following live colour details: “ Head and body generally pale brownish yellow, middle lateral with 5 – 6 mainly blackish brown blotches, and with 3 – 4 longitudinal stripes throughout the trunk. Lateral scales with blackish brown margin. Belly usually yellow in adult male, and creamy white in female. Lower orbit region with an oblique stripe extend to central region of cheek. Pectoral fin base with a blackish brown spot. Caudal fin base with 2 blackish brown bars vertical to each other. First dorsal fin membrane with a circle spot at rear region, the spot usually blue in male and black in female. Second dorsal fin membrane with 2 – 3 rows of longitudinal blackish brown lines. Anal fin greyish black in adult male, and pale greyish white in female. Caudal fin membrane pale yellow in male and greyish white in female. The caudal fin membrane with 4 – 7 rows of black lines in both sexes. ” Zhou and Gao (2011: 295) illustrate a captive fish that appears to be this species, based on shape and colour (see also Fig. 28). A male paratype (Fig. 28 B, upper fish) is pale brownish yellow with dark brown spots, speckling and mottling and five dark grey irregular blotches (which appear to be pairs of blotches partly coalesced) along mid-side of body; above and mid-lateral blotches partly joined together by broken brown blotchy lines above and below the mid-line of the body. Caudal fin base with a vertically oriented pair of blackish spots. Predorsal and upper part of head with dark brown spots and mottling. Side of head with distinctive oblique broad dark brown bar running from lower rear margin of eye toward large internal blackish blotch on the lower part of the opercle; dark brown bar from anteroventral edge of eye to upper lip, running just below nostrils. First dorsal fin with bright blue spot at rear, rest of fin pale reddish brown with indistinct brown streaks. Second dorsal fin with dark brown spots on fin rays arranged in 2 – 4 rows; membrane pale reddish brown near base, becoming more translucent distally. Anal fin pale greyish with reddish orange streaks beside most rays. Caudal fin translucent reddish brown with 4 – 7 rows of dark brown to blackish spots forming irregular lines. Pectoral fin faintly greyish; pelvics whitish. The female (Fig. 28 B, lower fish) is similar but paler and the spot in the first dorsal is black. Comparisons. This species can be distinguished from other Pseudogobius by the combination of its rounded first dorsal fin, diagnostic broad oblique dark bar from the lower rear margin of the eye to join a large dark blotch on the lower part of the preopercle, small round black or blue spot at rear of first dorsal fin and its rather indistinct speckled and marbled body colour pattern.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA24871FF53F3C8FBDCFAF6.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known so far from China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Vietnam.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA24871FF53F3C8FBDCFAF6.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Found in shallow estuaries, mangroves and artificial earth-bank ponds.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFA24871FF53F3C8FBDCFAF6.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Chen et al. (2014 a) give a pectoral fin ray count of 14 – 17, with 17 as modal count; all their specimens were from Taiwan but for one lot of 20 from Haimen Island, Fujian, China.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFAD4875FF53F5F8FE71FABA.taxon	description	Blackline snubnose goby Figs 1 and 29, Tables 2 – 5, 21	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFAD4875FF53F5F8FE71FABA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype: ZRC 61150 (ex NTM S. 15344 - 016), 22.5 mm SL female, Sungei Buloh, Singapore, HL 97 - 89, H. K. Larson and party, 5 September 1997. Paratypes: SINGAPORE: NTM S. 15344 - 016, 14 (13 – 23), same data as holotype. PHILIPPINES: CAS-SU 69916, 36 (18 – 22) Coron, Busuanga, A. W. Herre, 22 June 1940. BRUNEI: NTM S. 14799 - 027, 29 (11 – 22), Sungai Tutong, Tutong District, HL 97 - 74, H. K. Larson and party, 23 August 1997. Additional material (no data taken). SINGAPORE: CMK ex 8309, 41, Kranji mangrove, near Sungei Buloh, M. Kottelat and D. Murphy, 8 April 1997; NTM S. 17471 - 010, 1, Lim Chu Kang, HL 12 - 7, H. K. Larson and party, 27 October 2012; NTM S. 17475 - 001, 1, Kranji Stream, Sungei Buloh, SW 135428, H. K. Larson and party, 30 Oc- tober 2012; NTM S. 17901 - 003, 10, Mangroves, Sungei Buloh, K. Lim, 30 January 1992; NTM S. 13957 - 017, 12, Sungei Pandan, HL 93 - 47, H. K. Larson and party, 29 December 1993; NTM S. 15346 - 006, 3, Kranji, J. L. Lim and Universiti Malaysia team, 24 November 1995; NTM S. 17468 - 008, 5, Sungei Mandai Besar, Ria Tan and party, 26 October 2012 [matches genetic voucher]; NTM S. 13968 - 012, 19, Sungei Pandan, D. Hoese, K. Lim and P. Ng, 22 December 1993; NTM S. 13959 - 014, 50, Bird Reserve, Sungei Buloh, HL 94 - 1, H. K. Larson and K. Lim, 4 January 1994; NTM S. 13961 - 010, 98, Sungei Mandai Kecil, HL 94 - 3, H. K. Larson and D. Murphy, 6 January 1994. BRU- NEI: NTM S. 14805 - 031, 7, Sungai Tutong, Tutong District, HL 97 - 80, H. K. Larson and party, 25 August 1997; NTM S. 14802 - 029, 39, Sungai Tutong, Tutong District, HL 97 - 77, H. K. Larson and Party, 24 August 1997; NTM S. 14812 - 019, 48, Sungai Mataiang, Temburong, HL 97 - 87, H. K. Larson and party, 30 August 1997; NTM S. 14800 - 016, 1, Sungai Penabai, Tutong District, HL 97 - 75, H. K. Larson and party, 23 August 1997. MALAYSIA: FMNH 51669, 1, Mankahala River, Sandakan, North Borneo, R. F. Inger, 30 April 1950; USNM 316203, 2, Mangrove swamps on island opposite Sandakan, Borneo, 29 January 1965. VIETNAM: CMK ex 14819, 5, small stream near Tran Chau village, Cat Ba Island, M. Kottelat and party, 25 September 1998. THAILAND: NTM S. 18271 - 001, 5, in ponds within station at Ta-Chalaab, Chantaburi Province, Mahdolia project, National Inland Fisheries Institute party, 2 June 1990.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFAD4875FF53F5F8FE71FABA.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A small Pseudogobius with second dorsal rays I, 7; anal rays I, 7 – 8; pectoral rays 12 – 15; 15 – 16; segmented caudal rays usually in 9 / 7 pattern, occasionally 8 / 7; lateral scales 22 – 26; TRB 7 – 9; predorsal scales 6 – 7, usually 7; opercle with 3 – 4 rows of cycloid scales; cheek naked; shoulder girdle with smooth edge; tongue short, blunt; in males, teeth in outer row largest and widely spaced, usually straight with pointed tips, smaller teeth may alternate with larger; in females, outer row teeth very small, close-set, evenly sized and blunt-tipped to tips somewhat rounded. First dorsal fin pointed in both sexes. Distinct black vertical to slightly oblique line from mid body through dorsum and then extending vertically through middle of first dorsal fin; two rounded dark spots at caudal fin base, upper spot largest; caudal fin transparent, though some males may have a few rows of small brown spots. Known from mangrove habitats in South-east Asia.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFAD4875FF53F5F8FE71FABA.taxon	description	Description. Based on 21 specimens, 16 – 23 mm SL. An asterisk indicates the counts of the 22.5 mm SL female holotype (Fig. 29 E). First dorsal VI; second dorsal I, 6 – 7 (usually I, 7); anal I, 7; pectoral rays 12 – 15 (usually 14); segmented caudal rays usually 9 / 7, 8 / 7 in 3; branched caudal rays 6 / 7 – 9 / 7, usually 7 / 6; lateral scale count 22 – 26 (usually 23); TRB 7 – 9 (usually 8); predorsal scale count 6 – 7 (nearly always 7). Gill rakers on outer face of first arch 2 + 5 (in 1). Body slender, compressed; females much larger than males. Head wider than deep, HL 23.5 – 29.3 % SL (mean 26.2 %). Depth at posterior preopercular margin 58.6 – 70.5 % HL (mean 63.4 %). Width at posterior preopercular margin 64.6 – 77.3 % HL (mean 72.2 %). Mouth small, subterminal, very slightly oblique, jaws reaching to vertical through mid-eye, females with jaws reaching to below anterior half of eye; upper jaw length in males 29.5 – 38.6 % HL (mean 34.8 %) and 25.5 – 32.7 % HL (mean 29.5 %) in females; lips thin, lower lip broadly fused across chin anteriorly. Eyes lateral, high on head, 27.5 – 37.0 % HL (mean 31.8 %). Snout rounded and inflated, 18.2 – 37.0 % HL (mean 24.7 %). Interorbital moderate, 10.3 – 17.4 % HL (mean 14.4 %). Body depth at anal origin 17.6 – 20.9 % SL (mean 19.1 %). Caudal peduncle compressed, length 26.9 – 33.7 % SL (mean 30.9 %). Caudal peduncle depth 10.7 – 13.8 % SL (mean 12.5 %). First dorsal fin low, triangular, with somewhat rounded margin, first to third spines longest (usually second). Appressed first dorsal fin may just reach base of second dorsal fin spine in adult males; always falling short of second dorsal fin in females; appressed fin length 15.9 – 24.4 % SL (mean 18.2 %). Second dorsal spine length 14.2 – 21.3 % SL (mean 16.2 %). Third dorsal spine length 15.7 – 16.1 % SL (mean 15.8 %). Second dorsal and anal fin moderately low, fins pointed posteriorly with posteriormost rays longest, rays falling well short of caudal fin base when appressed. Pectoral fin oval to slightly pointed, central rays longest, extending back to vertical above anus, length 18.0 – 23.8 % SL (mean 21.4 %). Pelvic fins oval, rather narrow, just reaching anus, 17.5 – 23.3 % SL (mean 20.8 %). Caudal fin moderately narrow, rounded posteriorly, upper half of fin slightly longer than lower, 27.0 – 31.9 % SL (mean 29.3 %). Anterior nostril in very short tube, very close to upper lip. Posterior nostril oval, with very low rim, placed at mid-level of eye. Gill opening extending forward to just under opercle to nearly mid-opercle. Gill rakers on outer face of first arch very short stubs, upper limb rakers longest. Shoulder girdle with smooth edge. Tongue tip short, blunt. Upper jaw teeth in two rows: in males, teeth in outer row largest and widely spaced, usually straight with pointed tips, smaller teeth may alternate with larger, teeth in inner row very small and difficult to discern); in fe- males, outer row teeth very small, close-set, evenly sized and blunt-tipped to tips somewhat rounded, inner row teeth mostly concealed in flesh and often not possible to see. Lower jaw teeth in two rows, teeth small, conical, close-set, with rather blunt to sharp tips in both sexes, inner row of very tiny close-set pointed teeth. Body scales ctenoid to pectoral fin base, cycloid scales on predorsal; pectoral fin base without scales; opercle with 3 – 4 rows of cycloid scales, cheek naked; belly scales finely ctenoid to cycloid. Sensory papillae and canal pores similar to that of P. hoesei (Fig. 12). Coloration of preserved material. Head and body whitish to pale yellowish brown, with darker brown markings, white to yellowish ventrally (Fig. 29). Head with pale brown mottling and short lines on snout, nape with irregular brown spots and mottling, nape scales with dark brown margins and broad brown line toward rear of each scale. Side of head with an indistinct broad brown bar from front of eye to end on jaw about halfway between anterior nostril and corner of mouth; second brown bar from lower edge of eye running ventrally past end of jaws and ending just above ventral margin of preopercle; always a paler area on each side of brown bars. Cheek and opercle with variable scattered dark brown mottling and irregular small spots; some specimens with narrow dark brown bar or blotch from lower edge to eye to rear edge of preopercle. Iris red-brown to dull golden. Lips partly edged with brown, in both sexes. Underside of head plain whitish to yellowish white. Side of body with mid-lateral series of five dark brown X-shaped to elongate spots, which may fuse to form four elongate blotches, anteriormost spot usually subsumed by anteriorly oriented to vertical dark brown band from below rear of first dorsal fin and ending above abdomen, band may be very distinct and almost black, broken-up or indistinct, but remnants always visible. Body scales with dark brown edges. Remainder of body with scattered small dark spots and blotches, which may form irregular rows or pairs of markings, lowermost markings often form short oblique narrow bars. Dorsum with 6 – 7 dark brown blotches or small saddles, these often indistinct. Breast and belly plain whitish to yellowish. Peritoneum black dorsally, fading on sides to silver ventrally. Four internal grey to blackish blotches along ventral midline, two above anal fin and two on caudal peduncle, joined with blackish midventral line (may not be visible in older specimens). Posteriormost dark brown mid-lateral blotch placed at mid-base of caudal fin. On scaly base of caudal fin itself, two dark brown to blackish rounded spots, placed above and below last mid-lateral spot, upper caudal base spot may coalesce with elongate mid-lateral spot on fin base, lower base spot usually smaller and darker than upper and not in contact with mid-base spot. First dorsal fin transparent to translucent, with broad brown to black vertical bar extending from close to bases of fourth to fifth spines to tip of fin, bar may be darkest at base. Second dorsal fin transparent with two blackish brown lines, one crossing lower third of fin and one submarginal; fin margin transparent; males may have whole fin covered with fine blackish speckles also. Anal fin plain translucent to pale greyish, darkest in males. Caudal fin transparent with fin rays edged with brown; large males with few scattered rows of brown spots near fin base. Pectoral fin base plain yellowish white with brown square blotch or bar on uppermost part near fin rays. Pectoral fin transparent, with rays edged in brown. Pelvic fins translucent to whitish. Coloration of fresh material. No information as to live colour. Freshly dead specimens (Fig. 29) may show some orange colour on the first dorsal fin, above and below the dark spotting on the second dorsal fin and the proximal part of the anal fin. A yellow blotch or yellow half-moon shape is present on the base of the caudal fin, wrapping around the two basal black spots, and a yellow area may be present on abdomen above anus in females. The opercle and pectoral fin base shows some bluish iridescence. The peritoneum shows through the body wall as silvery white, black dorsally. Comparisons. Similar in appearance to juvenile P. poicilosoma (compare Figs 25 and 29) but matures at a smaller size (never reaches 25 mm SL when adult, versus up to 34.5 mm SL in adult P. poicilosoma), has a more slender body (body generally more robust, with caudal peduncle depth averaging 12 % of SL versus 14 %), having a black line through the middle of the first dorsal fin with transparent membrane on either side of line (first dorsal with two dark brown bands with lower band ending in black spot on membrane toward rear of fin) and by lacking dark spots in the caudal fin (rows of dark brown to blackish spots visible by 13 – 17 mm SL). The distinctive vertical-oriented dorsal fin marking distinguishes P. verticalis from the very similar small species P. fulvicaudus (which has two blackish bands in the first dorsal fin). Both species share a distinctive caudal marking: freshly dead P. verticalis have a yellow blotch or yellow half-moon shape on the caudal fin base (Fig. 29), although live colour as yet unknown, and P. fulvicaudus similarly has the caudal fin base yellow when alive (Fig. 11).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFAD4875FF53F5F8FE71FABA.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Known from Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Brunei, Thailand and Vietnam.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFAD4875FF53F5F8FE71FABA.taxon	biology_ecology	Ecology. Found in mangrove habitats, in shallow tidal areas. Can be sympatric with P. poicilosoma (often) and P. fulvicaudus (less often; five sites detected in Singapore and one in Brunei). A small species, with a gravid female noted at 17 mm SL, males with obvious genital papillae smaller still (15.5 mm SL).	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFAD4875FF53F5F8FE71FABA.taxon	etymology	Etymology. Named verticalis (from the Latin for overhead or straight up and down) in reference to the distinctive vertical line through the middle of the first dorsal fin in this species.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFAD4875FF53F5F8FE71FABA.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species is the genetic sister to P. fulvicaudus (Hammer et al. 2021); the genetic material used was collected during the 2016 Mega Marine Survey in Singapore. Unassigned Species	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
03EA6777FFAA4876FF53F40DFC50FA11.taxon	materials_examined	This species is referred to as a Pseudogobius in Larson (2001) and as Pseudogobius yanamensis in Tran et al. (2013: 145) but does not belong to this genus. The holotype and six paratypes are held at the Zoology Museum, Andhra University, Waltair, and specimens are known from several other localities (HKL pers. observ. and K. Shibukawa; in litt.). Recent material examined from the Mekong River system shows that this species does not belong in Pseudogobius as it has a different arrangement of sensory canals and pores on the head and does not have the characteristic corkscrew-shaped intestinal arrangement found in Pseudogobius.	en	Larson, Helen K., Hammer, Michael P. (2021): A revision of the gobiid fish genus Pseudogobius (Teleostei, Gobiidae, Tridentigerinae), with description of seven new species from Australia and South-east Asia. Zootaxa 4961 (1): 1-85, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4961.1.1
