identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EA87DFFF52FFEAD281A6F4FDB9FDB2.text	03EA87DFFF52FFEAD281A6F4FDB9FDB2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apios chendezhaoana (Y. K. Yang, L. H. Liu & J. K. Wu) Bo Pan	<div><p>Apios chendezhaoana (Y.K. Yang, L.H. Liu &amp; J.K. Wu) Bo Pan (Ñṻ), Xun-Lin Yu, &amp; Fan Zhang, comb. nov. (Figure</p> <p>2 &amp; 3) (ḿṅŀ Į)</p> <p>Basionym:— Sinolegumenea chendezhaoana Yong-Kang Yang, Lin-Han Liu &amp; Jia-Kun Wu, (2004: 62–76). syn. nov.</p> <p>Type: — CHINA. Hunan: Yanling, Pikeng Forestry Station, hillside, 600 m, sandy soil, among roadside grasses, rare, ca. 1.5 m long, 30 July 1973, Barcode 18447, labelled ‘ Dunbaria hunanica sp. nov. ined. ’, Lin-Han Liu 11227 (holotype HNNU!).</p> <p>Perennial, herbaceous, twining climber, 1.5–3 m long, above-ground part deciduous in winter. Broken parts produce white latex. Root usually with 2–4 tubers, 3–7 cm long, connected by long stalks. Tubers fusiform, 3–7 cm long, 5–10 mm in diameter, sometimes segmented. Rootstalk 4–12 cm long, erect, connected to the top of tubers. Adventitious roots usually clustered at the end of lower tubers, ca. 30 cm long, horizontally stretched in the top soil on the surface of granite rocks. Soil layer on the rock is about 20 cm deep, soft, dark brown in color and humid. Stem slender, dark reddish brown, tomentose. Leaves 3–5 pinnately foliolate, sometimes only one foliolate. Stipules filiform, ca. 4 mm, hirsute, caduceus. Petiole green or dark reddish brown, ca. 3–9 cm, tomentose. Petiolules small, densely hirsute. Stipels small, 1–2 mm, awn-shaped. Leaflets membranous, all 10 mm caudate, tips mucronate, glabrous on both sides, or with sparse horizontal hairs along main veins. Upper side green, lower side glaucous. Terminal leaflet broad triangular or triangular-ovate, membranous, 3.5–10 × 3.5–10 cm; apex acute, base truncate and wide. Lateral leaflets smaller, rhomboid ovate, oblique, 2.5–9 × 1.5–6 cm. Inflorescence 6–22 flowered, a nodose pseudoraceme, solitary and axillary, sometimes 2–3 clustered from one axil, 2–8 (–13) cm, usually 2 flowers per node; peduncle 1–2 cm; rachis somewhat zigzag; nodes swollen; sometimes the lowest node subtended with 1-foliolate leaf; bracts linear, 1–3 mm, minute; bracteoles subtending the calyx, 1.5 mm; pedicels ca. 7 mm. Calyx campanulate, 5–7 mm, 4 toothed, the upper lobe the widest, and the lower tooth the longest, appressed hairy on the outer surface; inner surface of calyx sparsely hairy on the teeth and the upper area along the calyx tube, while glabrous on the lower part. Corolla white, exerted, longer than the calyx, ca. 15–17 mm. Flowers usually incompletely open, with standard apex and keel apex very close to each other. Standard the largest, covering up all the other petals, ca. 12–17 × 11–16 mm, like a pocket in shape, not revolute, with a green patch at the lower part, shortly auriculate at both sides, shortly clawed 2.5 mm; wings much smaller, 8 × 3 mm, oblong, refolded into a S shape, auriculate on one side, ca. 2 mm clawed; keel ca. 14 × 5 mm, falcate and very curved, the lower 2/3 connate, and the upper 1/3 separate; keel claw 3 mm; lower part of blades with pink markings. Stamens diadelphous, 9+1, 10–13 mm; anthers ovoid, equal in size. Pistil filiform, 10–12 ovuled, ca. 13 mm, shortly hairy; style coiled and dilated; stigma capitate, with several short tufts of hairs beneath. Floral disc at the base of the pistil, yellowish green, 1.5 mm. Pods linear to falcate, glabrous, 9–13 cm long, 7–11 mm wide, attenuate towards base, ca. 10 seeded; valves leathery, twisted when dry; seeds orbicular, laterally compressed, 7–10 mm, black and nitid; aril short, 0.5–1 mm; hilum linear, 0.5–0.7 mm, slightly sunken, white in color,</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering June to August, fruiting August to October.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: (Figure 4)— A. chendezhaoana, endemic to China, occurs only in moist and shady gullies of the Luoxiao, Nanling, and Wuyi Mountains along the borders of Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces, at elevations between 400–1300 m. It climbs in bushes of the evergreen broadleaved forest undergrowth. The soil is usually wet, shallow and soft, dark brown in color.</p> <p>Etymology: —The Latin epithet is in honor of a female botanist, Mrs. Te-Chao CHEN (ḴDZffi, Chen Dezhao in Chinese pinyin), from the South China Botanical Garden, who contributed to the treatments of many legumes in the Flora of China. The Chinese name ‘ ḿṅ ’ refers to one of its main areas of distribution in China —the Nanling Mountain Range.</p> <p>Conservation status:— Apios priceana was listed as an endangered species in the USA because there are only 47 known populations from 22 counties in four states (Woods 2005). The situation of A. chendezhaoana is very similar to this. We have so far found only 23 specimens and 15 recorded populations from four provinces. Each population has only 1–10 known individuals, and each location is very remote from the next. The total number of individuals is estimated to be less than 250, allowing for undiscovered populations. Most specimens were collected decades ago and recent records are rare. Like all its allies, but unlike most legumes, this species prefers shady and undisturbed habitats, shallow and fertile soils, along creeks and streams, so it is very susceptible to human disturbance. In view of the very small number of individuals and scattered distribution, we evaluate this species as Endangered (EN D) in accordance with the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria version 3.1 (2001) (http://www.iucnredlist.org/static/ categories_criteria_3_1).</p> <p>Additional specimens examined:— CHINA. Fujian: Taining, Datian, Yangkeng, among grasses in forest, 10 July 1979, labelled ‘ Apios fortunei ’, Ming-Sheng Li 971 (IBSC). Guangdong: Longtou Shan, Lingnan, in small ravine, along hillside. Vine 1.8 m. Flower white. 15 July 1924, labelled ‘ Apios fortunei ’, To &amp; Tsang 12895 (NAS, P). Beijiang, Yaoshan, Huangdong, 686 m, 19 June 1930, labelled ‘ Apios fortunei ’, Shu-Chi Xin 10027 (IBSC). Qujiang, Xiaokeng Forestry Station, sparse forest, streamside, rare, 6 August 1985, Nanling Team 850 (IBSC). Lechang, Liangjiang, Shizishan, 700 m, in valley, sparse forest, 28 October 1987, Lechang Team 4100 (IBSC). Shixing, Duheng, Taoyuan, 580 m, 17 July 1982, Gui-Cai Zhang &amp; Hua-Gu Ye 447 (IBSC). Heping, Liyuan, Qutan, 500 m, 5 August 1983, Gui-Cai Zhang &amp; Hua-Gu Ye 365 (IBSC). Hunan: Yanling, Pikeng Forestry Station, 38KM, hillside, 450 m, humid soil, in valley, along roadside within a 25 m distance, sparse forest, canopy cover 15%, scattered, 30 August 1985, Lin-Han Liu 11439 (HNNU). Yanling, Taoyuandong, Niujiaolong, Qiguxian, Shunfengqiao, 1270 m, in valley, fertile loam, streamside, under dense broadleaved forest, canopy cover 70%, rare and scattered, 14 September 2008, Lin-Han Liu &amp; Ying-Di Liu 30105 (HNNU). Jianghua, Daxi, Jilong village, hillside, 500 m, in valley, dense forest, roadside, rare, 18 July 1999, Guang-Wan Hu 219082 (HNNU). Jianghua, Daxi, hillside, 240 m, in valley, sparse forest, rare, 9 September 1999, Ke-Ming Liu 767215 (HNNU). Yizhang, Qitianling Forestry Station, streamside, under broadleaved forest, 1078 m, 2 August 2017, Xun-Lin Yu &amp; Fan Zhang 1708020101 (CSFI). Jiangxi: Zixi, Matoushan (Wuyi Mountain), in bamboo shade, streamside, 450 m, 15 July 1958, Min-Xiang Nie &amp; Shu-Shen Lai 3455 (LBG, KUN). Jinggangshan, Ganggangshan, roadside along shady slope, grassland, 1300 m, 9 July 1965, Shu-Shen Lai, Ru- Jü Yang &amp; Da-Fu Huang 4393 (KUN, LBG). Anfu, Wugongshan, Wenjiadaling, in forest undergrowth, shady slope, along the creek, 800 m, 8 August 1963, Jun-San Yue 3172 (KUN, NAS). Anfu, Wugongshan, Dabeitou, in streamside bushes, 500 m, 3 August 1963, Jun-San Yue 2773 (KUN, NAS). No. 007955, Jinggangshan, June 1975, labelled ‘ Apios fortunei ’, Anonymous 75002 (JXCM). No. 007358, August 1971, Anonymous s.n. (JXCM). No. 741143, labelled ‘ Vigna umbellata ’, Anonymous s.n. (JXU).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87DFFF52FFEAD281A6F4FDB9FDB2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Fan;Feng, Si;Zhou, Jianjun;Zhang, Rong;Liu, Linhan;Yang, Chengzi;Yu, Xunlin;Pan, Bo	Zhang, Fan, Feng, Si, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhang, Rong, Liu, Linhan, Yang, Chengzi, Yu, Xunlin, Pan, Bo (2018): Apios chendezhaoana (Fabaceae), an overlooked species and a new combination from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 371 (1): 1-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1
03EA87DFFF56FFEBD281A41FFB84F9EE.text	03EA87DFFF56FFEBD281A41FFB84F9EE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apios carnea (Wall.) Bentham ex Baker 1876	<div><p>Apios carnea (Wall.) Bentham ex Baker (1876: 188).</p> <p>Type:— NEPAL. 1 July 1821, N. Wallich 5527, Barcode E00185070 (lectotype E! here designated).</p> <p>Apios bodinieri H. Léveillé (1914: 225). syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. Guizhou: Mei-Tong-Chan, E.M. Bodinier 499, Barcode E00185067 (lectotype E! here designated).</p> <p>Twinning climbers 3–4 m long. Sometimes old rootstocks woody. Leaves usually 5-foliolate, 12–25 cm; stipules and stipels persistent; leaflets oblong to ovate-oblong, 3.5–13 × 2–7 cm, papery. Raceme 15–40 cm, 2–3 flowers per node. Calyx campanulate, 4 lobed. Corolla red, reddish purple, or orange, quite open when flowering, twice as long as calyx. Wings shortest, 0.6–1.2 cm; keel curved to semicircular. Style coiled. Legume linear, 8–19 × 0.6–0.7 cm. Seeds 12–21, dark brown.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: — Apios carnea is distributed in Bhutan, China, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand, and Vietnam. It grows in forests, or along riversides and roadsides, at elevations between 600–3200 m above sea level.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering from July to September; fruiting from August to November.</p> <p>Apios bodinieri has lax nodose inflorescences, red and open flowers. It most resembles Apios carnea and only differs from the latter by its trifoliolate leaves. Occasionally A. carnea has leaves with 3 leaflets, or even 7 leaflets, so we reduce A. bodinieri to a synonym of A. carnea. Woods (1988) also included A. bodinieri within A. carnea.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— CHINA. Chongqing: Chengkou, Baichi Mt. 800m, 10 September 1958, Tian-Lun Dai 102503 (PE). Fujian: Chong’an, Sangang, Nanshan, 6 August 1958, Pei-Xi Qiu 1653 (PE). Gansu: Wenxian, Fanba, 680 m, 21 October 1973, Zhi-Xin Hu 3496 (IBSC). Guangdong: Xinyi, Shuangchangping, Fengdali, 12 August 1931, Xi-Peng Gao 51790 (PE). Guangxi: Damiaoshan, Sanfang, Pingshixiang, Jiuwan Mt., Jiuyang River, 31 August 1958, Shao-Qing Chen 16576 (IBK). Lingchuan, Dajing, Baotalong, 9 September 1984, Ru-Rong Yang 84012 (PE). Guizou: Bijie, Baohe, 1500 m, 20 August 1957, Ping-Hua Yu 427 (PE). Xingren, Baling, Chenjiagou, 1300 m, 14 August 1960, Guizhou Team 7735 (PE). Hunan: Xinhuang, Tianleishan, 800 m, 13 July 1988, Wulingshan Team 836 (PE). Xinning, Ziyun Mt., 1150 m, 16 September 1984, Ziyun Team 1931 (PE). Jiangxi: Jinggangshan, 730 m, 19 October 1963, Jun-San Yue 4861 (PE). Sichuan: Mount Emei, Da’e Temple, 1 September 1939, Zhong-Wu Wang 4953 (PE). Mianning, Daqiao, Xiaogou, 2100 m, 4 July 1959, Su-Gong Wu 2192 (PE). Yibin, Gulin, Wulong, Qinglong, 27 August 1976, Shibao Team s.n. (SM). Xizang: Linzhi, Dongjiu to Tongmai, 3 August 1975, Qingzang Team 751237 (PE). Yunnan: Baoshan, Pupiao, May 1941, Han-Chen Wang 800 (PE). Gongshan, Dulongjiang, Maku, 5 August 1982, Qingzang Team 8895 (PE). Songming, Guodong, 25 August 1957, Bing-Yun Qiu 55047 (PE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87DFFF56FFEBD281A41FFB84F9EE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Fan;Feng, Si;Zhou, Jianjun;Zhang, Rong;Liu, Linhan;Yang, Chengzi;Yu, Xunlin;Pan, Bo	Zhang, Fan, Feng, Si, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhang, Rong, Liu, Linhan, Yang, Chengzi, Yu, Xunlin, Pan, Bo (2018): Apios chendezhaoana (Fabaceae), an overlooked species and a new combination from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 371 (1): 1-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1
03EA87DFFF56FFE4D281A07BFBE2FD0E.text	03EA87DFFF56FFE4D281A07BFBE2FD0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apios delavayi Franchet 1890	<div><p>Apios delavayi Franchet (1890: 180–181).</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. Yunnan, 14 September 1886, M. Delavay 2323, Barcode P00237786 (holotype P!).</p> <p>Perennial herbs. Tuber single, fusiform, 2–5 cm in diameter, 5–20 cm long. Leaves pinnately compound, 8–32 cm, (3–) 5–9 (–11) leaflets. Leaflets highly variable, ovate to lanceolate, apex acuminate to acute. Racemes shorter or much longer than leaves. 2–30 flowers, lax. Calyx 2-lipped. Corolla light yellow, yellowish white, greenish yellow, yellowish purple, or dark purple; standard orbicular, pocket shaped, covering the tip of keel; wings shortest, reflexed; keel narrow, curved to semicircular, longer than standard. Legume linear or falcate, attenuate at base, 7–15 cm.</p> <p>Apios delavayi Franchet (1890), Apios macrantha Oliver (1890, October: pl. 1946), Apios gracillima Dunn (1903: 488–489), and Apios delavayi var. pteridietorum Handel-Mazzetti (1933), are all from SW China, and distinguished by flower color, inflorescence length, leaflet width, and flower number of each inflorescence (Sa &amp; Gilbert 2010). However, only the name A. delavayi is frequently adopted during identification, and the other three names have seldom been used. Ren et al. (2007) considered that A. gracillima should be recognized as a distinct species, according to evidence from the leaf epidermis. However, using only microscopic evidence during taxonomic delimitations and treatments is not recommended. After examination of hundreds of specimens from CDBI, KUN, PE, and SM, we found they all have very similar flower shapes, with various colors from pale yellow, light green, greenish white to yellowish violet, light purple, and even dark purple. Leaflet numbers vary from 3 to 11; leaflet shape from linear to narrow lanceolate, lanceolate, and ovate; inflorescence longer or shorter than leaves, and flowers 6–30 or 2–4 per inflorescence. They all have the following consistent characters: lax inflorescence, broad standard, long curved circular keel, falcate pod, fusiform tuber, and a high elevation distribution between 1300–3800 m. We therefore include all the four taxa into one species, Apios delavayi, as synonyms or varieties.</p> <p>Because both A. delavayi and A. macrantha were published in 1890, while A. macrantha is not widely used, here we propose to conserve A. delavayi against A. macrantha. Interestingly, populations east of the Mekong-Salween Divide always have pale yellow to greenish white flowers, while populations west of the divide have light purple to dark purple flowers. Types of Apios delavayi and A. macrantha were both collected from the east part, and present greenish white or pale yellow flowers, while the type of A. delavayi var. pteridietorum was collected from west of the divide, and bears purple flowers. The Mekong-Salween Divide is an important floristic boundary between the eastern Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains (Luo et al. 2017), so we adopt both A. delavayi var. delavayi and A. delavayi var. pteridietorum as accepted names to represent the distinct distribution of flower colors.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87DFFF56FFE4D281A07BFBE2FD0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Fan;Feng, Si;Zhou, Jianjun;Zhang, Rong;Liu, Linhan;Yang, Chengzi;Yu, Xunlin;Pan, Bo	Zhang, Fan, Feng, Si, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhang, Rong, Liu, Linhan, Yang, Chengzi, Yu, Xunlin, Pan, Bo (2018): Apios chendezhaoana (Fabaceae), an overlooked species and a new combination from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 371 (1): 1-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1
03EA87DFFF59FFE4D281A51BFB39F85C.text	03EA87DFFF59FFE4D281A51BFB39F85C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apios delavayi var. delavayi var. delavayi	<div><p>Apios delavayi var. delavayi</p> <p>Apios macrantha Oliver (1890: pl. 1946). syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. Sichuan, A. Henry 8984, Barcode K000262502 (lectotype K! here designated).</p> <p>Flowers pale yellow, or greenish white. This variety represents A. delavayi populations east of the Mekong-Salween Divide.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: —This variety is distributed in Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China. It grows in mixed forests, thickets or grasses along rivers at elevations between 1300–3800 m above sea level.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering from June to September; fruiting from September to November.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— CHINA. Sichuan: Baoxing Shaoqikari Valley, 2350 m, 27 June 1958, Xiu-Bao Zhang &amp; You-Xi Ren 5656 (PE). Beichuan, Xiaozhaizigou Reserve, 1600 m, 1 August 1984, Chang-Lin Tang 309 (CDBI). Danba, Gejing, 3100 m, 2 September 1974, Sichuan Team 7416 (CDBI). Hanyuan, Xianglingshan, 1800 m, 14 September 1938, T.P. Wang 9692 (WUK). Hongxi, Walijiaomen, 1900 m, 14 July 1959, Liangshan Team 1209 (KUN). Kangding, Shade, Baimaqiao, 3000 m, 3 August 1982, Jian Dong 29580 (CDBI). Liangshan, Puge, 14 September 1979, Puge Team 886 (SM). Litang to Yalung Divide, 9000–10000 ft, F.K. Ward 4357 (E). Luding, Yangquangou, 1950 m, 20 August 1963, Ke-Jian Guan et al. 1709 (PE). Maoxian, 1952, Zhu He &amp; Zi-Lin Zhou 14026 (CDBI). Meigu, Shuwo, 1750 m, 2 July 1976, Sichuan Team 13533 (CDBI). Muli, Wanglang to Chabulang, 2500 m, 16 September 1983, Qingzang Team 14134 (PE). Muli or Mill Kingdom, J.F. Rock 5525&amp;6471 (E). Muli, Wachin, 2800 m, 12 October 1937, T.T. Yü 14502 (E). Nanping, Wujiao, Laoheba, 2000 m, 1 August 1959, Nanping Team 4216 (CDBI). Neighbourhood of Tatsien-lu, 1924, R. Cunningham 506 (E). Pingwu, Wangbachu, 2020 m, 3 July 1984, Sichuan Team 134 (CDBI). Qianning, Songlinjiang, 3700 m, 22 July 1959, Shu Jiang &amp; Cun-Li Jin 2181 (PE). Shimian, Jinwo, 2200 m, 1 August 1985, Guo-Hong Xu 25657 (CDBI). Wenchuan, Hongqiying, 2010 m, 3 June 1975, Sichuan Team 8124 (CDBI). West Garze, Road from Luding to Kanding, 1875 m, CEE 322 (E). West of Muli, 10000 ft, July 1922, G. Forrest 22151 (E). Xiangcheng, Yazha, 3300 m, 2 September 1972, Sichuan Team 3531 (CDBI). Xiaojin, Pan’an, 2100 m, 1 August 1958, Sichuan Agricultural College 6707 (CDBI). Yanbian, Waluo, 16 September 1978, Yanbian Team 446 (SM). Yunnan: 1920, Simeon Ten 135 (E). Binchuan, Xiayang to Waxi, 14 October 1946, Shen-E Liu 21524 (PE). Chienchuan to Mekong Divide, 9000–10000 ft, August 1922, G. Forrest 21964 (E). Chungtun Plateau, 12000 ft, July 1914, G. Forrest 12835 (E). Eryuan, Zhujiaying, Longdingshan, 21 July 1929, Ren-Chang Qin 23328 (PE). Heqing, Xiangshuihe, 3300 m, 2 September 1929, Ren-Chang Qin 24285 (PE). Jianchuan, Misha, 2600 m, 13 October 1958, Wen-Cai Wang 414 (KUN). Lijiang, 2700 m, July 1935, Qi-Wu Wang 71228 (PE). Luquan, Zhongping, 2400 m, 13 November 1952, Pin-Yi Mao 1754 (KUN). Mekong Valley, 9000 ft, August 1914, G. Forrest 13014 (E). North of Jung-Peh, 9000 ft, August 1922, G. Forrest 22093 (E). Yiliang, Yangzonghai, 1800 m, 6 September 1977, Bing-Yun Qiu 771272 (KUN). Zhongdian, Baidi, 2700 m, 8 August 1962, Zhongdian Team 1019 (PE).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87DFFF59FFE4D281A51BFB39F85C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Fan;Feng, Si;Zhou, Jianjun;Zhang, Rong;Liu, Linhan;Yang, Chengzi;Yu, Xunlin;Pan, Bo	Zhang, Fan, Feng, Si, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhang, Rong, Liu, Linhan, Yang, Chengzi, Yu, Xunlin, Pan, Bo (2018): Apios chendezhaoana (Fabaceae), an overlooked species and a new combination from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 371 (1): 1-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1
03EA87DFFF58FFE5D281A523FDC9FAF9.text	03EA87DFFF58FFE5D281A523FDC9FAF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apios delavayi var. gracillima (Dunn) Bo Pan	<div><p>Apios delavayi var. gracillima (Dunn) Bo Pan (Ñṻ), stat. nov.</p> <p>Basionym: Apios gracillima Dunn (1903: 488–489). syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Mengtze, 6000 ft, 14 September, A. Henry 9828, Barcode K000262506 (lectotype K! here designated).</p> <p>Apios gracillima is unique by its linear to narrow oblong or lanceolate leaflets with rounded apex, and 2–4 purple flowers in each inflorescence. It is very rare and scattered, although the name A. gracillima has always been used for specimens of A. delavayi var. pteridietorum. All the specimens including the type are collected from the Honghe River drainage. Due to its similarity with A. delavayi, we reduce A. gracillima to a variety of A. delavayi.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: —This variety is only found from the Honghe River drainage, Yunnan province, at ca. 1800 m above sea level.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering from September to October; fruiting unknown.</p> <p>Specimen examined:— CHINA. Yunnan: Chuxiong, Baomanjie, Lianwangba, 1800 m, 18 September 1958, Shu-Qiong Huang 11 (KUN). Menghua, top of Lung Yu Mt., 5 September 1935, McLaren 111 (E). Yao-chou, summit of a mountain, October, McLaren F66 (E).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87DFFF58FFE5D281A523FDC9FAF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Fan;Feng, Si;Zhou, Jianjun;Zhang, Rong;Liu, Linhan;Yang, Chengzi;Yu, Xunlin;Pan, Bo	Zhang, Fan, Feng, Si, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhang, Rong, Liu, Linhan, Yang, Chengzi, Yu, Xunlin, Pan, Bo (2018): Apios chendezhaoana (Fabaceae), an overlooked species and a new combination from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 371 (1): 1-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1
03EA87DFFF58FFE5D281A687FC3DFCCF.text	03EA87DFFF58FFE5D281A687FC3DFCCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apios delavayi var. pteridietorum Handel-Mazzetti 1933	<div><p>Apios delavayi var. pteridietorum Handel-Mazzetti (1933: 580).</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Salween, H. Handel-Mazzetti 8990 (holotype WU! Isotype E!).</p> <p>Flowers yellowish violet, light purple, or dark purple. This variety represents A. delavayi populations west of the Mekong-Salween Divide.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: —This variety is distributed in China (Xizang and Yunnan) and India (Assam). It grows in pine forests, mixed forests or thickets at elevations between 1700–3500 m above sea level.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering from June to September; fruiting from July to October.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— CHINA. Xizang: Baiba, 17 June 1952, Bu-Qiu Zhong 6643 (PE). Bomi, between Bomi and Tongmai, 2600–2800 m, Su-Gong Wu et al. 105962 (KUN). Chayu, Xialun, 1860 m, 31 July 1980, Zhi-Cheng Ni et al. 942 (PE). Chayu, Tongmai to Lulang, 2210 m, 27 July 1965, Yong-Tian Zhang &amp; Kai-Yong Lang 939 (PE). Gorge of the Tsangpo, 8000–10000 ft, 19 July1924, F.K. Ward 5961 (E). Linzhi, Dongjiu to Chayuan, 2900 m, 17 June 1972, Xizang Medicinal Plants Team 3466 (PE). Pome, near Showa, Satang, 7500 ft, 19 September 1947, Ludlow et al. 13192 (E). Salween-Kiuchiang Divide, July 1919, G. Forrest 19321 (E). Salween valley, 10000 ft, 22 October 1917, F.K. Ward 5420 (E). Yunnan: Deqin, 3000 m, July 1935, Qi-Wu Wang 64738 (PE). Dulongjiang, Longdang to Longjigeng, 1900–2100 m, 3 September 1982, Qingzang Team 9873 (KUN). Gongshan, Yu’en, 3300 m, 25 August 1940, Feng 6898 (PE). Kiukiang Valley, Taron, Chiengen, 1700 m, 26 July 1938, T.T. Yü 19419 (E, PE). INDIA. Assam: Di Chu Gorge, 7000 ft, 6 August 1950, F.K. Ward 20115 (E).</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87DFFF58FFE5D281A687FC3DFCCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Fan;Feng, Si;Zhou, Jianjun;Zhang, Rong;Liu, Linhan;Yang, Chengzi;Yu, Xunlin;Pan, Bo	Zhang, Fan, Feng, Si, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhang, Rong, Liu, Linhan, Yang, Chengzi, Yu, Xunlin, Pan, Bo (2018): Apios chendezhaoana (Fabaceae), an overlooked species and a new combination from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 371 (1): 1-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1
03EA87DFFF58FFE0D281A349FA07F952.text	03EA87DFFF58FFE0D281A349FA07F952.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apios fortunei Maximowicz 1873	<div><p>Apios fortunei Maximowicz (1873: 396–397).</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. 1845. A. Fortune 44, Barcode K000262505 (lectotype K! here designated).</p> <p>Apios taiwaniana Hosokawa (1932: 310). syn. nov.</p> <p>Type:— CHINA. Taiwan, 17 July 1931, Hosokawa 3026 (holotype TAI!).</p> <p>Twining herbs. Root with 1–4 spherical tubers. Stem sparsely hirsute. Leaves pinnately 3–7-foliolate, 10–25 cm, leaflets ovate or rhomboid-ovate, 3–7.5 × 1.5–4 cm, apex acute. Pseudoraceme axillary, 6–26 cm. Calyx shallowly 2-lipped. Corolla yellowish green or light green; wings reflexed, almost half as long as standard, usually with a red purple edge; keels much longer than standard, twisted to one side, and curled into a semicircle. Legume linear, ca. 8 cm long.</p> <p>Apios fortunei and A. taiwaniana both have narrow petals and a twisted keel, and present very few differences. However, A. taiwaniana is claimed to be a Taiwan endemic (Sa &amp; Gilbert 2010), while A. fortunei is widespread in E China and Japan. Their morphological differences are minor: A. fortunei has ovate to rhomboid-ovate leaflets and 3–7 flowers per node, while A. taiwaniana has ovate-lanceolate to ovate leaflets, and 3–4 flowers per node (Sa &amp; Gilbert 2010). Michael Woods annotated Taiwan specimens as A. fortunei, according to labels attached to herbarium specimens. J. Li et al. (2014) also considered that A. taiwaniana is a synonym of A. fortunei. We carefully compared specimens from Taiwan with A. fortunei from the China mainland, and found the shape of leaflets variable, from ovate-lanceolate to rhomboid-ovate, and flowers numbers usually 3–4, but sometimes 5 or more. All the distinct characters claimed by Hosokawa (1932) were within the range of variation of A. fortunei so there is no need to retain A. taiwaniana as a separate species. We therefore treat A. taiwaniana as a synonym of A. fortunei.</p> <p>Distribution and habitat: — Apios fortunei is distributed in China and Japan. It grows on mountain slopes, usually in moist areas at elevations between 50–1900 m above the sea level.</p> <p>Phenology: —Flowering from June to August, fruiting from September to October.</p> <p>Specimens examined:— CHINA. Anhui: Guangde, Baidian Gaoshan, 250 m, 26 July 1959, Anonymous 3194 (PE). Chongqing: Wushan, Luoping, Shaping, 1100 m, 13 August 1964, Hong-Fu Zhou 109761 (PE). Fujian: Yanping, Banyan, 13 June 1925, Xin-Xuan Zhong 3381 (AU). Guangdong: Tuantang, 4 August 1930, Xi-Peng Gao 50730 (PE). Guizhou: 8 July 1930, Jiangying 5693 (PE). Fanjingshan, 1932, Da-Hua Du 33510 (PE). Henan: Qintou Mt., July 1959, Jie Chen 655 (HENU). Hubei: Yingshan, Santan, 500 m, June 1992, Dong-Sheng Lu 156 (HENU). Hunan: Yongshun, Liuxi, Mengdong River, 20 June 1988, Beijing Team 1737 (PE). Jiangsu: Lianyungang, Sucheng, Dazhuyuan, 60 m, 21 August 2011, Zeng-Lai Xu &amp; Bao-Cheng Wu 943 (NAS). Jiangxi: Chongyi, Mixi, Xikengwei, 800 m, 9 June 1965, Min-Xiang Nie 8783 (IBSC). Jing’an, Shijing, 960 m, 1 July 1997, Ce-Ming Tan 971087 (PE). Shanghai: Pudong, Chuanshajiang, 23 August 1958, De-Xian Ye 1577 (HHBG). Sichuan: Youyang, 350 m, 19 July 1984, Shi-Xian Tan 153 (PE). Taiwan: Jiayi, Shizhuo, Alishan, 12 November 1985, Y. Tateishi &amp; H. Hoshi 21514 (TAI). Gaoxiong, Tengzhi, 22 October 1982, H. Ohashi et al. 182089 (TAI). Miaoli, Xiangtianhu, 14 July 1986, M.T. Kao 10268 (TAI). Nantou, Bihu, 5 May 1984, S.F. Huang 1845 (TAI). Nantou, Meifeng Farm, Musya- Santinozyo, 30 July 1939, Masamune, Mori, &amp; Nakamura 2381 (TAI). Nantou, Ren’ai, Wushe, 17 May 1985, M.C. Tsai 32 (TAI). Nantou, Riyuetan, 21 September 1929, Kudo &amp; Sasaki 15604 (TAI). Taizhong, Huanshan, 4 September 1993, K.C. Yang s.n. (TAI). Taizhong, Wuling Farm, 8 October 1986, J.C. Wang et al. 3913 (TAI). Taizhong, Wuling Farm, 4 September 1985, S.F. Huang 3162 (TAI). Zhejiang: Dongtianmu, Wuli Temple, 11 July 1957, Yu-Xian He 24867 (NAS). Longquan, Chengbei, Huanghe, Yangwu, 26 June 1972, Medicinal Plants Team 1070 (ZM). JAPAN. Shimotsuke: Tochigi, Hondo, 6 August 1980, Miyoshi Furuse 14337 (PE).</p> <p>Woods (1988) and Ren (2005) both came to similar conclusions as those above in their dissertations, but they did not publish their results. We therefore recognize four Apios species in Asia, i.e., A. carnea, A. chendezhaoana, A. fortunei, and A. delavayi. Three varieties of A. delavayi are recognized as well, i.e., var. dalavayi, var. gracillima, and var. pteridietorum. A morphological comparison between them is provided in Table 2.</p> <p>Key to Apios species: Figure 5</p> <p>1. Tubers usually undeveloped; corolla red, reddish purple or orange; standard flat, fully open when flowering.................. A. carnea</p> <p>1. Roots starchy and tuberous; corolla white, pale yellow, greenish white, maroon, pink, or purple; standard in a pocket shape, incompletely open when flowering..............................................................................................................................................................2</p> <p>2. Terminal leaflets broad triangular........................................................................................................................... A. chendezhaoana</p> <p>2. Terminal leaflets lanceolate, ovate or rhomboid ovate.......................................................................................................................3</p> <p>3. Leaflets ovate to rhomboid ovate; upper half of keel twisted to one side.......................................................................... A. fortunei</p> <p>3. Leaflets ovate to lanceolate; keel curved but not twisted...................................................................................................................4</p> <p>4. Inflorescences with lax flowers; corolla pale yellow, greenish white, light purple, or dark purple; plant of SW China...................5</p> <p>4. Inflorescences with densely congested flowers; corolla maroon or pink; plant of N America..........................................................7</p> <p>5. Flowers pale yellow or greenish white, plant of Sichuan and Yunnan, east of the Mekong-Salween Divide........................................................................................................................................................................................................... A. delavayi var. delavayi</p> <p>5. Flowers purple, plant of NE India, Xizang and Yunnan.....................................................................................................................6</p> <p>6. Leaflets lanceolate to ovate, apex acute to acuminate; inflorescence 6–30 flowered; plant of Assam (India), SE Xizang and NW Yunnan (China), west of the Mekong-Salween Divide........................................................................ A. delavayi var. pteridietorum</p> <p>6. Leaflets linear to narrow lanceolate, apex acute to rounded; inflorescence 2–4 flowered; plant of Central and SE Yunnan................................................................................................................................................................................. A. delavayi var. gracillima</p> <p>7. Corolla maroon; standard with a short prolongation (1.5–2 mm) at the tip.................................................................. A. americana</p> <p>7. Corolla pink; standard with a long prolongation (6–8 mm) at the tip............................................................................... A. priceana</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87DFFF58FFE0D281A349FA07F952	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Zhang, Fan;Feng, Si;Zhou, Jianjun;Zhang, Rong;Liu, Linhan;Yang, Chengzi;Yu, Xunlin;Pan, Bo	Zhang, Fan, Feng, Si, Zhou, Jianjun, Zhang, Rong, Liu, Linhan, Yang, Chengzi, Yu, Xunlin, Pan, Bo (2018): Apios chendezhaoana (Fabaceae), an overlooked species and a new combination from China: evidence from morphological and molecular analyses. Phytotaxa 371 (1): 1-16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.371.1.1
