identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EA87C81439FF895D53FAC8FC301FBE.text	03EA87C81439FF895D53FAC8FC301FBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thamnocephalidae Packard 1883	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Thamnocephalidae Packard, 1883</p>
            <p>Thamnocephalinae Packard, 1883</p>
            <p> Thamnocephalidae Simon, 1886 ; Linder, 1941 Branchinellinae Daday, 1910 </p>
            <p>Penes are close set with soft basal parts. Penes with one or more longitudinal rows of spines. Eversible portion becoming explanate distally. Vas deferens looped. Seminal vesicles are absent. Second maxillae with single apical setae. Mandibles without a palp. Eleven pairs of legs, each bearing a single praeepipodite. 6 to 60mm. Approximately 36 species total, reported from all continents except Antarctica.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87C81439FF895D53FAC8FC301FBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rogers, D. Christopher	Rogers, D. Christopher (2003): Revision of the thamnocephalid Genus Phallocryptus (Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Anostraca). Zootaxa 257: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156887
03EA87C8143AFF8A5D53FE97FAF21D76.text	03EA87C8143AFF8A5D53FE97FAF21D76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phallocryptus Biraben 1951	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Phallocryptus Biraben, 1951</p>
            <p>(Figure 1 a­c)</p>
            <p> Branchinella Smirnov, 1948</p>
            <p> Phallocryptus Biraben, 1951 ; Belk &amp; Brtek, 1995; Brtek, 1995 </p>
            <p> Diagnosis: Fully extended penes short, extending to the base of the second post­genital abdominal segment. Basal portion of penes rigid and may be tuberculate ventrally. Rigid basal portion of penes with a distal­medial patch of recurved spines. Distal eversible portion of penes soft, expanded in the distal third. Eversible portion of penes with medial surface bearing a longitudinal row of papillae like spines, and the ventral surface with a longitudinal ridge bearing large papillae like spines. Dorsal surface of extended penes with a small cluster of spines on the distal fourth. Penal apex a conical projection, directed medially, subtended by three large spines. Brood pouch sub­conic to pyriform, extending to the base of the second or third post­genital segment. Male abdomen spinose ventro­laterally. Male second antennae attached anteriorly on head, partially fused and projecting ventrally. Distal segment of second antennae arcuate. Female second antennae lamellar, with acute apicies, with the basal­medial margins projecting and partially connected. Resting cysts spherical, with shallow subcircular to slit shaped impressions.  Phallocryptus wrighti type species. Three species occur in the Americas, Africa, and western Eurasia. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87C8143AFF8A5D53FE97FAF21D76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rogers, D. Christopher	Rogers, D. Christopher (2003): Revision of the thamnocephalid Genus Phallocryptus (Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Anostraca). Zootaxa 257: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156887
03EA87C8143AFF8C5D53F91DFE811CF9.text	03EA87C8143AFF8C5D53F91DFE811CF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phallocryptus wrighti (Smirnov 1948) Smirnov 1948	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phallocryptus wrighti (Smirnov, 1948)</p>
            <p>(Figure 1 a, 2a – e)</p>
            <p> Branchinella wrighti Smirnov, 1948</p>
            <p> Phallocryptus salinicola Biraben, 1951</p>
            <p> Phallocryptus wrighti (Smirnov, 1948) Belk &amp; Brtek, 1995 ; Brtek, 1995 Diagnosis: Male: Cephalic appendages absent. First antennae twice as long as eye plus stalk. Second antennal proximal segment subequal in length to first antennae, subcylindrical, medial surface with small spines. Second antennal distal segment two to three times the length of the proximal segment, arcuate, curving posteriorly, and tapering to an acute apex. Praeepipodite may bear one or more small notches, but is not subdivided. Ventral surface of first genital segment with a single large, posteriorly directed tubercle, as long as the basal portion of the penes, projecting dorsally over the penes. Basal portion of penes with a medial, posteriorly directed, hooked projection, truncated apically. First abdominal segment (first post­genital segment) with a large, medial, ventral, ventrally directed, subacute, stout, spine–like projection on the distal margin of the segment. Each abdominal segment with a small, distal, ventro­lateral spine, directed ventro­laterally. </p>
            <p>Female. First antennae nearly twice as long as second antennae, or eye plus stalk. Second antennae joined basal­medially, slightly produced medially. Brood pouch sub­globular, tapering posteriorly to apex. Apex produced half way along first abdominal segment. Gonopore produced ventro­distally, with dorsal “lip” longer than ventral lip. Each abdominal segment with a small ventro­lateral spine, directed ventro­laterally.</p>
            <p>Resting cyst: Sub­spherical with shallow sub­oval depressions, separated by thin ridges. Micrograph of cyst in César (1989).</p>
            <p>Type Locality. Las Encadenadas, near Saavedra, Buenos Aires Provence, Argentina</p>
            <p>Type. The types are apparently lost. Cotypes (accession numbers 13490 and 13491) were deposited by Biraben (1951) at the Museo de Ciencias Naturales de La Plata in La Plata City, Buenos Aires Province.</p>
            <p>Distribution. North and central Argentina in the Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Cordoba, La Pampa, La Rioja, and San Juan Provinces.</p>
            <p>Habitat. Saline lakes and pools.</p>
            <p>Activity Period. March, December.</p>
            <p> Comments.  P. wrighti co­occurrs with  Thamnocephalus (Simplicephalus) salinarum Cohen, 2002 (Cohen et al., 1999; Cohen, 2002), and occurs in pools adjacent to habitats occupied by  Dendrocephalus cervicornis (Weltner, 1890) . </p>
            <p>Conservation status. This species is sufficiently widespread, with no known immediate threats and is designated here as a species of “Least concern” (IUCN, 2000).</p>
            <p>Material examined: ARGENTINA: La Rioja/San Juan Province Border: Ditch on north side of Highway 141, at the 85 km marker, west of Chapes, 1 female, 8 March 1987, K. Reading. Córdoba Province: Salinas Grandes, 2 males, 2 females, 19 December 1998, S. Vernet.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87C8143AFF8C5D53F91DFE811CF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rogers, D. Christopher	Rogers, D. Christopher (2003): Revision of the thamnocephalid Genus Phallocryptus (Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Anostraca). Zootaxa 257: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156887
03EA87C8143CFF8E5D53FA62FB681F59.text	03EA87C8143CFF8E5D53FA62FB681F59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phallocryptus sublettei (Sissom 1976) Sissom 1976	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phallocryptus sublettei (Sissom, 1976) new combination</p>
            <p>(Figure 1 b, 3a­f)</p>
            <p> Branchinella sp. Sublette &amp; Sublette, 1967 </p>
            <p> Branchinella sp. Sissom, 1971 </p>
            <p> Branchinella sp. Horne, 1974 </p>
            <p> Branchinella sublettei Sissom, 1976</p>
            <p> “  Branchinella arlica ” Belk (Undescribed holotype (143837) and paratypes (143838) deposited at the USNM) </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Male: Cephalic appendages absent. First antennae three to four times as long as eye plus stalk. Second antennal proximal segment subequal in length to first antennae, subcylindrical, medial surface with small spines. Second antennal distal segment twice as long as proximal segment, arcuate, curving medially, and tapering to an acute apex. Medial surface of distal segment with a longitudinal row of small denticulate spines. Praeepipodite entire. Ventral surface genital segments without tubercles. First abdominal segment (first post­genital segment) without a medial­ventral spine–like projection on the distal margin of the segment. Each abdominal segment with a stout, distal, ventro­lateral spine, directed ventro­laterally.</p>
            <p>Female. First antennae nearly four times as long as eye plus stalk, subequal in length to second antennae. Second antennae nearly joined basal­medially, slightly produced medially. Second antennae lamellar, bearing a basal­lateral slightly elevated region with scattered spines, apex tapering to a sub­acute tip. Brood pouch triangulate­pyriform, with paired basal­lateral and a single basal­medial projection. Each brood pouch projection is directed ventro­posteriorly. Brood pouch extends to the third or fourth abdominal segment, tapering posteriorly to apex. Gonopore produced distally, with dorsal “lip” longer than ventral lip. Abdominal segments without ventral­lateral spines.</p>
            <p>Resting cyst: Sub­spherical with shallow sub­oval depressions, with a slit shape in the base of each depression. Depressions are separated by thin ridges.</p>
            <p>Type Locality. USA, Texas, a saline playa (pan) near Tahoka.</p>
            <p>Type. Holotype, allotype, and paratypes (USNM­143958, 143959 and 143960, respectively) deposited at the USNM.</p>
            <p>Distribution. USA, Texas, Lynn, Terry and Gaines Counties on the Llano Estracado (the northwestern Texas highlands) (Sublette &amp; Sublette, 1967; Horne, 1974), and Hudspeth County (Belk &amp; Sissom, 1992). New Mexico: Otero County at Crow Flats (Rogers &amp; Lang, in prep). The saline habitats at Crow Flats are nearly contiguous with the Hudspeth County, Texas saline pools. This species may also occur in México.</p>
            <p>Habitat. Ephemeral saline lakes and pools.</p>
            <p>Activity Period. August to October, depending upon rain fall.</p>
            <p> Comments. Coocurrs with  Branchinecta campestris Lynch, 1960 (Sublette &amp; Sublette, 1967) ,  Artemia franciscana Kellogg, 1906 and  Streptocephalus texanus Packard, 1871 (Horne, 1974) . </p>
            <p>Conservation status. This species appears to be relictual, currently reported from only seven sites in Texas and New Mexico (Sublette &amp; Sublette, 1967; Horne, 1974; Belk &amp; Sissom, 1992; Rogers &amp; Lang, in prep). As it stands, this species meets the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) red list criteria for designation as a VU 2D2 species (IUCN, 2000). That is to say, this taxon is vulnerable due to the population being very small and restricted, that may be prone to the effects of human activities or stochastic events within a short period of time.</p>
            <p>Material examined: USA: NEW MEXICO: Otero County: Crow Flats, numerous cysts, 20 September 2000, D.C. Rogers, B. K. Lang. TEXAS Hudspeth County: Crow Flats at Highway 82/180, 30 males, 30 females, 23 September 1986, D. Belk.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87C8143CFF8E5D53FA62FB681F59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rogers, D. Christopher	Rogers, D. Christopher (2003): Revision of the thamnocephalid Genus Phallocryptus (Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Anostraca). Zootaxa 257: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156887
03EA87C8143EFF815D53F918FD4918E9.text	03EA87C8143EFF815D53F918FD4918E9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phallocryptus spinosa (Milne­Edwards 1840) Milne-Edwards 1840	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Phallocryptus spinosa (Milne­Edwards, 1840) new combination</p>
            <p>(Figure 1 c, 4a­h)</p>
            <p>Brendonck &amp; Riddoch, 1997; Brtek &amp; Thiéry, 1995; Daday, 1910; Gauthier, 1933; Hamer, 1994, 1999; Linder, 1941; Margalef, 1947; Moscatello et al., 2002; Mura, 1985; 1987; 1999; 2001; Mura et al., 1999; Mura &amp; Del Cado, 1992;Mura &amp; Hadjistephanou, 1987; Mura &amp; Takami, 2000; Saadi, 1983; Thiéry, 1987; Thiéry &amp; Puente, 2002; Thiéry &amp; Puff, 1998; Vekhov, 1993; Thiéry, 1996; Vekhov &amp; Vekhova, 1990.</p>
            <p> Branchinella media Pesta, 1921</p>
            <p> “  Branchinema aculeata ” Wolf (undescribed types deposited at Zoological Museum of Berlin (fide Forró &amp; Brtek 1984) </p>
            <p>Diagnosis: Male: Cephalic appendage short, less than one third the length of the second antennal basal segment, situated anteromedially between bases of second antennae. Cephalic projection projecting ventrally, apex bifurcated into two short, truncate branches. First antennae three times as long as eye plus stalk. Second antennal proximal segment subequal in length to first antennae, subcylindrical, medial surface smooth. Second antennal distal segment twice the length of the proximal segment, arcuate, curving posteriorly, and tapering to an acute apex. Praeepipodite entire. Ventral surface of first genital segment smooth. Second genital segment with a distolateral, sub­conical, tubercle directed posteriorly. First abdominal segment (first post­genital segment) with a pair of large, medial­ventral, ventrally directed, acute, spines and a single ventrolateral, posterioventrally directed spines on the distal margin of the segment. Each abdominal segment with a large ventrolateral spine, directed ventro­laterally, distally. Abdominal segments I, II and sometimes III with distal margin bearing a small pair of ventrally directed spines.</p>
            <p>Female. First antennae as long as eye plus stalk. Second antennae joined basal­medially, produced medially. Brood pouch sub­cylindrical, tapering posteriorly to apex. Apex projecting half way along second abdominal segment. Gonopore produced ventro­distally, with dorsal “lip” longer than ventral lip. Abdomen smooth.</p>
            <p>Resting cyst: Sub­spherical with shallow angular depressions separated by thin ridges. Each depression “pinched” in middle by ridges. Micrograph of cyst in Brendonck &amp; Riddoch (1997).</p>
            <p>Type Locality. Ukraine, Odessa, Hadjibe Salt Lake.</p>
            <p>Type. The types are apparently lost.</p>
            <p>Distribution. Ukraine, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan (Daday, 1910a; Linder, 1941; Vekhov, 1993; Brtek &amp; Thiéry, 1995), Iran (Mura &amp; Takami, 2000), south to Oman (Thiéry, 1996) west to the Iberian Peninsula (Alonso, 1985, 1996), through the Mediterranean Basin (Brtek &amp; Thiéry, 1995; Thiéry, 1987; Mura &amp; Hadjistephanou, 1987; Mura, 1985; 1987; 1999; 2001; Mura et al., 1999; Thiéry &amp; Puff, 1998; Abatzopoulos et al., 1999), north Africa (Thiéry, 1987; Hamer, 1994), south to Botswana (Hamer, 1994, 1999; Brendonck &amp; Riddoch,1997).</p>
            <p> Habitat. Permanent saline lakes and temporary saline pools (Mura &amp; Hadjistephanou, 1987; Hamer, 1994; Brendonck &amp; Riddoch, 1997). Vekhov &amp; Vekhova (1990) reported  P. spinosa in waters with 5­35% salinity. Vekhov (1993) reports that Russian populations occur in habitats on ‘marigenous sand­clay saline soils’ that were formed by the retreat of ancient warm seas. </p>
            <p>Activity Period. February through April north of the equator, September through November south of the equator.</p>
            <p> Comments. Co­occurs with  Artemia sp. (Gauthier, 1933; Margalef, 1947; Cottarelli &amp; Mura, 1974; Saadi, 1983; Mura &amp; Hadjistephanou, 1987; Mura, 1985; 1987; 1999; Mura et al., 1999; Thièry &amp; Puff, 1998),  Streptocephalus sp. (Brendonck &amp; Riddoch, 1997), and material at the USNM is mixed with  Branchinectella media Schmankewitsch, 1873 (USNM­ 102320). </p>
            <p>The molar surface described by Mura &amp; Del Cado (1992).</p>
            <p>Conservation status. This species is sufficiently widespread, with no known immediate threats and is designated here as a species of “Least concern” (IUCN, 2000).</p>
            <p>Material examined: ALGERIA: Djelfa: Boughzoul, 20?20?, 2 November 1991, L. Beladjal, DCR­298. BOTSWANA: Bechuanaland: Makarikari Salt Pan, 3?5?, 1 May 1957, D. H. Eccles, USNM­ 102320.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87C8143EFF815D53F918FD4918E9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rogers, D. Christopher	Rogers, D. Christopher (2003): Revision of the thamnocephalid Genus Phallocryptus (Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Anostraca). Zootaxa 257: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156887
03EA87C81432FF825D53FCF8FAD01CFF.text	03EA87C81432FF825D53FCF8FAD01CFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phallocryptus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to the known species of  Phallocryptus</p>
            <p>1 Females: second antennae unsegmented, brood pouch present .................................... 2</p>
            <p>1’ Males: second antennae two segmented, brood pouch absent ..................................... 4</p>
            <p> 2 Brood pouch with a basal dorsal lobe and two lateral lobes .....  Phallocryptus sublettei</p>
            <p>2’ Brood pouch without basal lobes ................................................................................. 3</p>
            <p> 3 Brood pouch sub­cylindrical, projecting to the second abdominal segment................... .....................................................................................................  Phallocryptus spinosa</p>
            <p> 3’ Brood pouch sub­globular, projecting over the first abdominal segment ....................... ......................................................................................................  Phallocryptus wrighti</p>
            <p> 4 Frontal appendage present...........................................................  Phallocryptus spinosa</p>
            <p>4’ Frontal appendage absent............................................................................................. 5</p>
            <p> 5 Second antennal distal segments curving medially....................  Phallocryptus sublettei</p>
            <p> 5’ Second antennal distal segments curving posteriorly ..................  Phallocryptus wrighti</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EA87C81432FF825D53FCF8FAD01CFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Rogers, D. Christopher	Rogers, D. Christopher (2003): Revision of the thamnocephalid Genus Phallocryptus (Crustacea; Branchiopoda; Anostraca). Zootaxa 257: 1-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.156887
