identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EDC94DFF9AD34020E0B1BDEC4BFBEF.text	03EDC94DFF9AD34020E0B1BDEC4BFBEF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra Walker 1856	<div><p>Cibyra Walker, 1856</p><p>Type-species: Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856, by monotypy.</p><p>Cibyra: Walker (1856: 1770).— Kirby (1892: 938).— Quail (1900: 426); Cibyra sylvinus [sic] [probably Triodia sylvina (Linnaeus, 1761)].— Neave (1939: 734).— Paclt (1944: 142); syn.: Alphus Wallengren, 1869, praeocc.: Alphus White, 1855 and Alphus Thomson, 1860 [ Coleoptera].— Viette (1949: 102).— Paclt (1953: 145).— Paclt (1957: 52).— Nye &amp; Fletcher (1991: 69).— Nielsen et al. (2000: 841).— Grehan &amp; Rawlins (2003: 734); syn.: Aepytus Herrich-Schäffer, [1855] .— Grehan (2010: 43).— Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 136); syn: Aepytus (Xytrops) Viette, 1951a .— Grehan (2012: 4, 13; fig. (valva)).—Mielke et al. (2017: 586).—Grehan &amp; Mielke (2017: 439).—Mielke &amp; Grehan (2017: 136).— Mielke et al. (2019: 336).— Kawahara et al. (2019: 22659 ( Pseudophassus; misidentification)).— Grehan et al. (2023: 16, 75).</p><p>Hepialus (Cibyra): Quail (1900: 432), Hepialus (Cibyra) sylvinus [sic], probably Triodia sylvina (Linnaeus, 1761) .— Lucas (1901: 779).— Quail (1903: 502), Hepialus (Cibyra) sylvinus [sic], probably Triodia sylvina (Linnaeus, 1761) .— Pfitzner (1937: 1292).</p><p>= Aepytus (Xytrops) Viette (1951a: 1); type-species: Aepytus (Xytrops) monoargenteus Viette, 1951a, by original designation.— Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).— Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 136); as synonym of Cibyra Walker, 1856 .</p><p>Xytrops: Viette (1951c: 1277).— Paclt (1953: 145); as synonym of Roseala Viette, 1950b .— Edwards &amp; Hopwood (1966: 315).— Nye &amp; Fletcher (1991: 323).— Grehan et al. (2023: 75); as synonym of Cibyra Walker, 1856 .</p><p>Aepytus (Cibyra): Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Cibyra (Xytrops): Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).</p><p>Diagnosis. All males of Cibyra spp. bear elongate piliform scales, laterally positioned on each side at the distal end of the abdomen. This condition is uniquely shared with males of Limyra C. Mielke, Dell’Erba &amp; Duarte, 2017, Schaefferiana, Aepytus Herrich-Schäffer, [1855], Roseala Viette, 1950b, Tricladia C. &amp; R. Felder, 1874, and Vietteogorgopis Özdikmen, 2007 . The last four genera show oxycanine, instead of hepialine, venation (cf. Dumbleton 1966). The monotypic Limyra is easily distinguished from other genera by the membranous sternite VIII in males, by the complex saccus morphology of the male genitalia (Mielke et al. 2017: Fig. 30), and by the complex structure of the lamella antevaginalis in the female genitalia (Mielke et al. 2017: Fig. 28). Schaefferiana is also easily distinguished by the lamellar antennae in males, while in Cibyra spp. they are pectinate. In addition, the tegumen in Schaefferiana does not exceed its length beyond the articulation with the saccus, while in Cibyra spp. (except the munona species-group) the tegumen goes beyond that articulation. The pseudotegumen plates are unfused both anteriorly and posteriorly. With the exception of the jurate species-group, tergite VIII is membranous in females. The fultura superior in the male genitalia is membranous, other than C. denise sp. nov. and the olinda species-group.</p><p>Remarks. The oxycanine/hepialine venations seem to be an irrelevant character in evolutionary terms as both conditions have been found within a single species, Walkeriella miraculosa C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Grados, 2019, oxycanine in the FW and hepialine in the HW. If this consideration is corroborated genetically or morphologically, Aepytus may represent as a senior synonym of Cibyra as no other character has been found to differentiate these taxa from each other (Mielke &amp; Grehan 2015). Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983) treated Cibyra as a subgenus of Aepytus, but no justification was given.</p><p>Smaller-sized specimens, in some cases less than 50% of the average wingspan, are frequently observed in both sexes. This condition sometimes makes identification difficult due to the overlapping of the wingspan of the reduced specimen with that of species with smaller averages. In these reduced specimens, the structures follow the same proportions, including the genitalia.</p><p>The phallus has taxonomic importance for determining some species and for determining the species-group, but this membranous structure is often not sufficiently intact due to deterioration or desiccation, especially in older specimens. This is the principal reason why preservation of genitalia in Euparal or similar media is not desirable for this group.</p><p>All species of Cibyra are attracted to light at dusk for less than 15–20 minutes. With few exceptions, all species are scarce at light, and only a few specimens are collected each night. Females are much scarcer than males. Most species occur in areas above 700–800 m, the highest records being about 2400 m.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF9AD34020E0B1BDEC4BFBEF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B0F1E9CCF8F3.text	03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B0F1E9CCF8F3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra barbara Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>4. Cibyra barbara sp. nov. Brazil (PR) HT DZUP 5 . Cibyra denise sp. nov. Brazil (PR) HT DZUP 6 . Cibyra elyana sp. nov. Brazil (SP) HT DZUP 7 . Cibyra jane sp. nov. Brazil (MG) HT CEIOC 8 . Cibyra mariana sp. nov. Brazil (SP) HT DZUP 9 . Cibyra monoargenteus (Viette, 1951a) Brazil (PR) HT MNHN 10. Cibyra regina sp. nov . Brazil (MG) HT CEIOC 11 . Cibyra stigmatica (Pfitzner, 1937) Brazil (SC) LT SMFL 12 . Cibyra tessellata C. Mielke, 2014 Brazil (PR) HT DZUP 13 . Cibyra ybyra C. Mielke, 2015 Brazil (SC) HT DZUP</p><p>c) yungas species-group:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B0F1E9CCF8F3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B2EDED02F807.text	03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B2EDED02F807.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra claudia Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>15. Cibyra claudia sp. nov. Brazil (SP) HT DZUP 16. Cibyra endyra C. Mielke, 2015 Brazil (SP) HT DZUP</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B2EDED02F807	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B1BDEA6EFAA3.text	03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B1BDEA6EFAA3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra ferruginosa Walker 1856	<div><p>1. Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 Brazil LT NHMUK 2. Cibyra meridionalis C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande, 2013 Brazil (SC) HT DZUP 3. Cibyra ochracea C. Mielke, 2014 Brazil (SC) HT DZUP</p><p>b) monoargenteus species-group:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B1BDEA6EFAA3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B241E9CCF84F.text	03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B241E9CCF84F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra yungas (Viette 1961)	<div><p>14. Cibyra yungas (Viette, 1961) Bolivia HT ZSBS</p><p>d) endyra species-group:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF9BD34020E0B241E9CCF84F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B685E9C0FB33.text	03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B685E9C0FB33.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra agnes Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>31. Cibyra agnes sp. nov. Brazil (MG) HT DZUP 32. Cibyra alina sp. nov. Brazil (MG) HT DZUP 33. Cibyra yumiko sp. nov. Brazil (RS) HT DZUP 34. Cibyra munona (Schaus, 1929) Brazil (SC) HT USNM 35. Cibyra volta sp. nov. Brazil (GO) HT DZUP</p><p>j) olinda species-group:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B685E9C0FB33	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B41DE9C2FDC3.text	03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B41DE9C2FDC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra bruna Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>21. Cibyra bruna sp. nov. Brazil (PR) HT DZUP 22 . Cibyra pluriargenteus (Viette, 1955) Brazil (SP) HT NHMUK 23 . Cibyra simone sp. nov. Brazil (PR) HT DZUP</p><p>f) dorita species-group:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B41DE9C2FDC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B751E9C1FCCF.text	03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B751E9C1FCCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra danieli (Viette 1961)	<div><p>24. Cibyra danieli (Viette, 1961) Argentina (Jujuy) HT ZSBS 25 . Cibyra dorita Schaus, 1901 Brazil (PR) HT USNM 26 . Cibyra forsteri (Viette, 1961) Bolivia HT ZSBS 27 . Cibyra verresi (Schaus, 1929) Brazil (SC) HT USNM 28 . Cibyra zischkai (Viette, 1961) Bolivia HT ZSBS</p><p>g) jurate species-group:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B751E9C1FCCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B5E5EA61FEBF.text	03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B5E5EA61FEBF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra hannelore Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>17. Cibyra hannelore sp. nov. Brazil (SP) HT CEIOC 18. Cibyra mirna sp. nov . Brazil (PR) HT DZUP 19. Cibyra monique sp. nov . Brazil (MG) HT DZUP 20. Cibyra ykeyra C. Mielke, 2015 Brazil (SC) HT DZUP e) pluriargenteus species-group :</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B5E5EA61FEBF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B6F9E9D7FC37.text	03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B6F9E9D7FC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra julie Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>30. Cibyra julie sp. nov. Brazil (SC) HT DZUP i) munona species-group:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B6F9E9D7FC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B66DE9F0FC5B.text	03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B66DE9F0FC5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra jurate Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>29. Cibyra jurate sp. nov. Brazil (MG) HT DZUP</p><p>h) julie species-group:</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF98D34320E0B66DE9F0FC5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF98D34220E0B181EDFEFE98.text	03EDC94DFF98D34220E0B181EDFEFE98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra babi Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>36. Cibyra babi sp. nov. Brazil (SP) HT DZUP 37. Cibyra clara sp. nov. Brazil (SP) HT DZUP 38. Cibyra kika sp. nov. Brazil (SC) HT DZUP 39. Cibyra olinda sp. nov. Brazil (SC) HT DZUP 40. Cibyra parana sp. nov. Brazil (SP) HT DZUP 41. Cibyra piacaba sp. nov. Brazil (SP) HT DZUP a) Species-group: ferruginosa . Three species: C. ochracea, C. ferruginosa, and C. meridionalis .</p><p>Defined by symmetrical spiniform teeth on the posterior margin of the saccus (Pl. 14: Figs 1–3; see arrow Fig. 1). Other shared features include: i) male sternite VIII uniformly sclerotised with posterior margin acute V or Ushaped; ii) tegumen extended beyond articulation with saccus; iii) C-shaped tergal lobes projected posteriorly; iv) pseudotegumen expanded mesally and ribbed; v) valvae digitiform and longitudinally ribbed, and; vi) lateral plates of lamella antevaginalis with mesal corner not projecting, right angle or nearly so.</p><p>Distribution. Coastal uplands between Espírito Santo in southeastern Brazil and Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil at altitudes between about 450 and 1900 m. The three species are allopatric with marginal overlap between C. ochracea and C. meridionalis around Paraná and Santa Catarina borders (Pl. 25: Fig. 1).</p><p>Key for species based on males</p><p>1) Epiphysis present..................................................................................... 2 Epiphysis absent.......................................................................... C. meridionalis</p><p>2) Phallus everted forming a conical upwards process.................................................. C. ochracea Phallus distally ovoid with a left and tapered latero-ventral diverticulum............................... C. ferruginosa</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF98D34220E0B181EDFEFE98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF99D34C20E0B4FBEB63FBCB.text	03EDC94DFF99D34C20E0B4FBEB63FBCB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra ferruginosa Walker 1856	<div><p>Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856</p><p>Pl. 1: Figs 1–4, Pl. 10: Fig. 1, Pl. 13: Fig. 1, Pl. 14: Fig. 1, Pl. 19: Fig. 1, Pl. 23: Fig. 1, Pl. 24: Fig. 1</p><p>Cibyra ferruginosa: Walker (1856: 1770), Brazil, coll. Steven; NHMUK (examined).— Kirby (1892: 938).— Viette (1949: 102).— Viette (1951b: 95); syn.: Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901 .— Viette (1951c: 1277).— Grehan (2010: 45).— Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137); syn.: Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901 .— Grehan (2012: 4, 23; figs (valva, venation)).— Mielke &amp; Casagrande (2013: 84; figs 5 (lectotype ♂), 6 (lectotype ♂ of Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901), 7a–b (♂ dorsal/ventral), 8a–b (♀ dorsal/ventral), 9 (lectotype ♀ of Cibyra schausi (Viette, 1952)), 42 (phallus), 43 (foreleg), 44 (abdomen segment VIII), 45–47 (♀ gen.), text-fig. 1 (geographical distribution)); lectotype ♂: / ferruginosa / Brazil / Type/ Lectotype, Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856, C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2013/; syn.: Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901, Paragorgopis schausi Viette, 1952 .— Grehan et al. (2023: 75); syn.: Cibyra dormita Schaus, 1901, Cibyra schausi (Viette, 1952) .</p><p>Cibyra ferruginea [sic]: Kirby (1892: 866).</p><p>= Dalaca oreas Schaus (1892: 330); Brazil, [Rio de Janeiro], Petropolis, Schaus leg.; coll. Schaus; [GP P. Viette no. 91527, type no. 18604]; USNM (examined); syn. n. — Bertkau (1893: 190).— Wagner &amp; Pfitzner (1911: 14).— Pfitzner (1937: 1295).— Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137); lectotype ♀ (Pl. 1: Fig. 3): / Petropolis, Brazil / Cibyra oreas type Schaus/ Coll. Wm. Schaus/ Type n°. 18604 USNM/ Genitalia slide P. Viette USNM 91527/ Photograph on file USNM/ Photo, det. E. S. Nielsen 1984/.</p><p>= Cibyra dormita Schaus (1901: 77), [Brazil, Rio de Janeiro], Petrópolis; [coll. Schaus]; [type no. 18602]; USNM (examined).— Viette (1950a: 75; fig. 1 ♂ gen.), cited as Aepytus exclamans (Herrich-Schäffer, [1855]), see Viette (1951b: 95).— Viette (1951b: 95; fig. 2 ([syn-]type ♂ gen.)); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .— Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .— Mielke &amp; Casagrande (2013: 85); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856; lectotype ♂: / Dalaca dormita Schaus Type/ Petropolis, Brazil / Type No. 18602 U.S. N.M/ Photo det. E. S. Nielsen 1984/ Collection WM Schaus/ Lectotype, Dalaca dormita Schaus, 1901, C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2013/.— Grehan et al. (2023: 75); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .</p><p>Aepytus oreas: Schaus (1929: 56).</p><p>Hepialus (Cibyra) dormita: Pfitzner (1937: 1293).</p><p>= Paragorgopis schausi Viette (1952: 142; fig. 3 (♀ gen.)); holotype ♀, Brazil, São Paulo, Araras, J. G. Foetterle [leg.]; GP P. Viette no. 2260; NHMW (examined) [Holotype ♀ with the following labels: / São Paulo, Araras, coll. J.G.Fötterle / TYPE/ Paragorgopis schausi, n. sp., Type ♀ P. Viette / P. Viette gen. ♀ n°. 2260/.]</p><p>Aepytus (Cibyra) dormita: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20); as synonym of Aepytus (Cibyra) ferruginosa (Walker, 1856) .— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17); as synonym of Aepytus (Cibyra) ferruginosa (Walker, 1856) .</p><p>Aepytus (Cibyra) ferruginosa: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20); syn.: Aepytus (Cibyra) dormita (Schaus, 1901) .— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17); syn.: Aepytus (Cibyra) dormita (Schaus, 1901) .</p><p>Aepytus (Paragorgopis) schausi: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 19).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Aepytus (Paragorgopis) oreas: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 19).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Cibyra (Cibyra) dormita: Nielsen et al. (2000: 843); as synonym of Cibyra (Cibyra) ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .</p><p>Cibyra (Cibyra) ferruginosa: Nielsen et al. (2000: 843); syn.: Cibyra (Cibyra) dormita Schaus, 1901 .— Grehan (2010: 51; fig. c, appendix).</p><p>Cibyra (Paragorgopis) schausi: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).</p><p>Cibyra (Paragorgopis) oreas: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).</p><p>Vietteogorgopis schausi: Özdikmen (2007: 117).— Koçak &amp; Koçak (2008: 31).</p><p>Vietteogorgopis oreas: Özdikmen (2007: 117).</p><p>Cibyra schausi: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137).— Mielke &amp; Casagrande (2013: 85); syn.: as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .— Grehan et al. (2023: 75); as synonym of Cibyra ferruginosa Walker, 1856 .</p><p>Cibyra feruginosa [sic]: Grehan (2012: 26; fig. (sternum II)).</p><p>Cibyra oreas: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137).</p><p>Cibyra ferrugisona [sic]: Favretto (2016: 72).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cibyra ferruginosa shares the same habitus as the other two species of the ferruginosa species-group. Compared to C. meridionalis (Pl. 1: Figs 9–12), the presence of an epiphysis in C. ferruginosa is the easiest way to separate them, although C. ferruginosa is usually represented by larger specimens on average (Pl. 1: Figs 1–4). The third member, C. ochracea (Pl. 1: Figs 5–8), bears an epiphysis and is represented by the same size range as C. ferruginosa, but the everted phallus separates the two species: in C. ochracea (Pl. 19: Fig. 2) the phallus is enlarged, distally forming a conical, dorsally oriented process, while in C. ferruginosa (Pl. 19: Fig. 1) it is enlarged and posteriorly ovoid, with a tapered latero-ventral diverticulum to the left. While sterna VII and VIII in C. meridionalis and C. ochracea females have a similar length, sternum VII in C. ferruginosa is twice as long as sternum VIII (Pl. 13: Figs 1–3).</p><p>Examined material (in total 29 ♂ 6 ♀). Brazil. Material listed by Mielke &amp; Casagrande (2013): 16 ♂ 2 ♀ (including all primary types). Espírito Santo . Dores do Rio Preto, 1420 m: 2 ♂, 21–22.I.2006, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 32.360, 33.377; CGCM). Minas Gerais. Alto Caparaó, 1200 m: 2 ♂, 10–12.III.2001, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 43.226, 44.646; CGCM). Rio de Janeiro. Nova Friburgo, Mury, 1149 m: 4 ♂ 1 ♀, 25.I.1999, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 40.103, 40.225, 40.233, 40.273, 40.363; CGCM); 1 ♂, 19–21.IV.1988, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 35.939; CGCM); 1 ♂, 26.XII.1989, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 44.556; CGCM). Petrópolis: 1 ♀, Schaus leg. (type no. 18604; USNM; LT of D. oreas). Itatiaia, 800 m: 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 4–8.II.1999, Tangerini leg. (CGCM 20.168, 41.048; CGCM). São Paulo. Piquete, Barreira de Piquete, 1464 m: 1 ♂, 12.I.2001, R, Koike leg. (CGCM 43.599; CGCM). Campos do Jordão, Lavrinhas, 1898 m: 1 ♂, 6.XII.1996, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 33.268; CGCM). Santo Antônio do Pinhal, Eugênio Lefèvre, 1200 m: 1 ♀, 3.III.1938, Travassos Filho (IOC 1792; CEIOC).</p><p>Male (Pl. 1: Figs 1–2, Pl. 10: Fig 1). Forewing length: 16–22 mm, wingspan: 34–48 mm (see Mielke &amp; Casagrande 2013).</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 14: Fig. 1, Pl. 19: Fig. 1). For details, see Mielke &amp; Casagrande (2013).</p><p>Female (Pl. 1: Figs 3–4, Pl. 13: Fig. 1). Forewing length: 22–37 mm, wingspan: 43–68 mm (see Mielke &amp; Casagrande 2013).</p><p>Female genitalia (Pl. 23: Fig. 1, Pl. 24: Fig. 1). For details, see Mielke &amp; Casagrande (2013: Figs 46–47).</p><p>Distribution. Espírito Santo to eastern São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, at altitudes between about 800 and 1900 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 1).</p><p>Remarks. Dalaca oreas syn. n. is synonymized under C. ferruginosa after examination of the lectotype. Despite the smaller and faded female specimen, the genitalia and the sternite VIII of the lectotype conform exactly as for C. ferruginosa . The highly variable wingspan in the ferruginosa species-group was previously verified in C. meridionalis by Mielke &amp; Casagrande (2013) and in C. ochracea by Mielke (2014), so the same condition, mentioned in the remarks section for the genus, is expected in C. ferruginosa . It is a montane species, mostly on wing from mid-summer to early autumn, occurring in dense ombrophilous and semi-deciduous forests. This species is allopatric to the other members of the species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF99D34C20E0B4FBEB63FBCB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF97D34C20E0B128E9A0FA8B.text	03EDC94DFF97D34C20E0B128E9A0FA8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra ochracea C. Mielke 2014	<div><p>Cibyra ochracea C. Mielke, 2014</p><p>Pl. 1: Figs 5–8, Pl. 10: Fig. 2, Pl. 13: Fig. 2, Pl. 14: Fig. 2, Pl. 19: Fig. 2, Pl. 23: Fig. 2, Pl. 24, Fig. 2</p><p>Cibyra ochracea: Mielke (2014: 214; figs 1 (geographical distribution), 14 a–b (holotype ♂ dorsal/ventral), 15 (♂ dorsal), 16 a–b (♀ dorsal/ventral), 17 (holotype phallus), 18 (♀ abdominal segment VIII), 19 (♀ gen.); holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Holotypus, Cibyra ochracea C. Mielke det. 2012/ Brasil, Santa Catarina, Rio Vermelho, 800 m, 15. II. 2004 (5), O. Rank leg./ DZ 15.601/; DZUP (examined).— Favretto (2016: 72).— Mielke et al. (2020: 169; fig. 4 (adult resting)).— Grehan et al. (2023: 77).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF97D34C20E0B128E9A0FA8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF94D34F20E0B7C1EB58FC16.text	03EDC94DFF94D34F20E0B7C1EB58FC16.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra meridionalis C. Mielke & Casagrande 2013	<div><p>Cibyra meridionalis C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande, 2013</p><p>Pl. 1: Figs 9–12, Pl. 10: Fig. 3, Pl. 13: Fig. 3, Pl. 14: Fig. 3, Pl. 19: Fig. 3, Pl. 23: Fig. 3, Pl. 24: Fig. 3</p><p>Cibyra meridionalis: Mielke &amp; Casagrande (2013: 74; figs 1a–b (♂ holotype dorsal/ventral), 2 (♂ dorsal), 3a–b and 4 (♀ dorsal/ventral), 10–13 (head), 14 (labial palpus), 15 (antennae), 16 (antennal segment), 17–20 and 29 (thorax), 21a–b (wing venation), 24–28 (legs), 30–33 (abdomen), 34–36 (holotype ♂ gen.), 37–41 (♀ gen.), text-fig. 1 (geographical distribution)); holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Holotypus, Cibyra meridionalis C. Mielke &amp; Casagrande det. 2013/ Brasil, Santa Catarina, Urubici, Morro da Igreja, 1250 m, 26.–31. XII. 2001 (7). C. Mielke leg./ DZ 15.562/; DZUP (examined).— Favretto (2016: 72).— Grehan et al. (2023: 76).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF94D34F20E0B7C1EB58FC16	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF95D34820E0B125EB08FE9B.text	03EDC94DFF95D34820E0B125EB08FE9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra monoargenteus (Viette 1951)	<div><p>Cibyra monoargenteus (Viette, 1951a)</p><p>Pl. 2: Figs 1–2, Pl. 10: Fig. 4, Pl. 13: Fig. 4, Pl. 14: Fig. 4, Pl. 19: Fig. 4, Pl. 23: Fig. 4, Pl. 24: Fig. 4</p><p>Aepytus (Xytrops) monoargenteus Viette (1951a: 2; fig. 3 ([holotype] ♂ gen.)); [holo-]type ♂, Brazil, Parana, Curityba [recte Curitiba], February; GP P. Viette no. 1345; MNHN (examined) [holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Bresil S, Curityba/ Curityba, févier 41/ TYPE/ Muséum Paris/ Aepytus H. S., n/g Xytrops Vtt., monoargenteus Vtt., Type P. Viette/ P. Viette gen. ♂ n° 1345/ Photo, det E.S. Nielsen 1984].— Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Cibyra (Xytrops) monoargenteus: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).— Grehan (2010: 54; fig. n, appendix).</p><p>Cibyra monoargenteus: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137).— Grehan (2012: 27; fig. (sternum II).— Mielke (2014: 213; figs 1 (geographical distribution), 2 a–b and 3 (♂ dorsal/ventral), 4 a–b (♀ dorsal/ventral), 5 (♂ abdominal segment VIII), 6 (♂ gen.), 7 (phallus), 8–9 (♀ gen.).— Favretto (2016: 72).—Mielke et al. (2017: 583).— Grehan et al. (2023: 76).</p><p>Diagnosis. Only member of the species-group without an epiphysis. Further recognized by the combination of the following characters: i) contrasting colour of the anterior portion of the postdiscal band on the male FW (Pl. 2: Fig. 2), ii) transverse stigma on the male FW, and iii) posterior margin of saccus with a slight lateral indentation (Pl. 14: Fig. 4).</p><p>Examined material (in total 95 ♂, 26 ♀). Brazil. Material listed by Mielke (2014): 86 ♂, 26 ♀. São Paulo. Guapiara, Paivinha, 800 m: 1 ♂, 18–21.XII.2005, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 29.962; CGCM); 1 ♂, 12.I.2006, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 26.319; CGCM). Paraná. Curitiba: 1 ♂, II (holotype; MNHN). S anta Catarina . Urubici, Morro da Igreja, 1370 m: 2 ♂, 15.XI.1987 (CGCM 41.698, 41.763; CGCM). Urubici, Santa Bárbara, 1360 m: 4 ♂, 25–27.XII.1989, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 40.299, 40.872, 40.954, 41.057; CGCM).</p><p>Male (Pl. 2: Fig. 2, Pl. 10: Fig. 4). Forewing length: 11–17 mm; wingspan: 22–33 mm (see Mielke 2014).</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 14: Fig. 4, Pl. 19: Fig. 4). For details, see Mielke (2014).</p><p>Female (Pl. 2: Fig. 1, Pl. 13: Fig. 4). Forewing length: 18–29 mm; wingspan 37–54 mm (see Mielke 2014).</p><p>Female genitalia (Pl. 23: Fig. 4, Pl. 24: Fig. 4). For details, see Mielke (2014: Fig. 9).</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern São Paulo to southeastern Santa Catarina, southeastern and southern Brazil, at altitudes about 800 to 1400 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Remarks. The contrasting postdiscal band on the male FW, along with a lighter brown and relatively uniform (not mottled) ground colour, makes its identification easier without dissection. This species does not vary considerably in most specimens. Along with C. meridionalis and C. ochracea, this is a relatively common species in late spring to mid-summer in semi-deciduous forest. Sympatric and synchronic to C. barbara sp. nov., C. denise sp. nov., C. stigmatica, C. tessellata, and C. ybyra within this species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF95D34820E0B125EB08FE9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF93D34820E0B4E1E983FA85.text	03EDC94DFF93D34820E0B4E1E983FA85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra tessellata C. Mielke 2014	<div><p>Cibyra tessellata C. Mielke, 2014</p><p>Pl. 2: Figs 3, 6, Pl. 10: Fig. 5, Pl. 14: Fig. 5, Pl. 19: Fig. 5</p><p>Cibyra tessellata: Mielke (2014: 214; figs 1 (geographical distribution), 10 a–b (holotype ♂ dorsal/ventral), 11 (holotype ♂ 8 th abdominal segment), 12 (holotype ♂ gen.), 13 (holotype phallus)); holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Holotypus, Cibyra tessellata C. Mielke det. 2012/ Brasil, Paraná, Guaratuba, Serra do Itararé, 1000 m, 27. III. 2006. C. Mielke leg./ DZ 15.594/ BC-CGCM [BC-JX215592]/ 20.945 Col. C. Mielke/; DZUP (examined).— Mielke et al. (2020: 169).— Grehan et al. (2023: 78).</p><p>Diagnosis. Cibyra tessellata and the next three species have a similar appearance. They uniquely share, within the genus along with the jurate species-group, the baso-central band interrupted on the male FW, and in addition, a mottled and contrasting pattern. Differences between them are discussed under the next three species.</p><p>Examined material (in total 22 ♂). Brazil. Material listed by Mielke (2014): 4 ♂ (including HT). São Paulo. Salesópolis, Boraceia: 1 ♂, 11–15.II.1956 (Z 4739; CEIOC) . Santo André, Paranapiacaba, 1100 m: 1 ♂, 7.I.2020, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 43.870; DZUP) ; 2 ♂, 29.I.2021, R, Koike leg. (CGCM 43.564, 43.817; DZUP) . Guapiara, Paivinha, 800 m: 6 ♂, 6–8.III.2005 (CGCM 27.289, 27.313, 27.402, 27.442, 27.465, 27.470; CGCM) ; 6 ♂, 14– 16.II.2006 (CGCM 27.233, 28.975, 29.129, 29.131, 29.203, 30.287; CGCM) . Paraná. Guaratuba, Pontal do Itararé: 1 ♂, III.2010 (CGCM 24.860; CGCM) . Campina Grande do Sul, Lagoa Vermelha, 896 m: 1 ♂, 28.II.1989, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 40.191; CGCM) .</p><p>Male (Pl. 2: Figs 3, 6, Pl. 10: Fig. 5). Forewing length: 13–19 mm, wingspan: 27–38 mm (see Mielke 2014). Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 14: Fig. 5, Pl. 19: Fig. 5). For details, see Mielke (2014). Fultura inferior trapezoidal, bilobed dorsally, 1.2× longer than wide.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Eastern São Paulo and eastern Paraná, southeastern and southern Brazil, altitudes between about 800 to 1100 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Remarks. Sympatric and synchronic to C. denise sp. nov. and C. monoargenteus within the species-group. All records are from the summer.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF93D34820E0B4E1E983FA85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF93D34B20E0B0DCECDDFCCF.text	03EDC94DFF93D34B20E0B0DCECDDFCCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra elyana Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra elyana sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 61180069-BFEF-462C-B316-705C89FCD4C7</p><p>Pl. 2: Figs 4–5, 7, Pl. 10: Fig. 6, Pl. 14: Fig. 6, Pl. 19: Fig. 6</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 2: Fig. 7): / BRAZIL — São Paulo (SP), Campos do Jordão, Lavrinhas, 1898 m, 27– 28.XII.1997 (30), W 45°25'39", S 22°43'10", R. Koike leg./ DZ 52.668/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra elyana C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 26 ♂ 1 ♀). Brazil. Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia: 1 ♂, 20.XII.1921, Zikán leg. (Z. 4678; CEIOC) . Minas Gerais. Marmelópolis, Marins, 1519 m : 1 ♂, 28.XII.1987, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 35.613; CGCM) . São Paulo. Same locality and collector as holotype: 2 ♂, 15.XI.1994 (CGCM 49.475, 49.985; CGCM); 1 ♀, 24.I.1998 (CGCM 36.137; CGCM); 3 ♂, 2.I.1999 (CGCM 38.554, 38.754, 39.489; CGCM); 7 ♂, 23–24.I.1998 (CGCM 33.384, 35.222, 35.413, 35.529, 35.701, 35.781, 35.806; CGCM); 2 ♂, 6.I.1997 (CGCM 32.251, 32.679; CGCM); 1 ♂, 11–13.XII.1997 (CGCM 35.331; CGCM); 3 ♂, 27–28.XII.1987 (CGCM 35.498, 35.567, 35.660; CGCM); 1 ♂, 16.I.1997 (CGCM 33.517; CGCM); 2 ♂, 15.I.1990 (CGCM 44.246, 44.458; CGCM) . São José do Barreiro, Bocaina, 1570 m : 1 ♂, 15–20.III.1990, H. Thöny leg (CGCM 42.985; CGCM); 2 ♂, 5–7.XII.1988, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 40.051, 40.535; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Similar to C. tessellata and C. regina sp. nov., but distinguished by: i) the proportionately larger male genitalia apparatus (1.3× larger; Pl. 14: Fig. 6), ii) pseudotegumen anteriorly not reinforced as in C. regina sp. nov. (reinforced in C. tessellata (Pl. 14: Fig. 5; see arrow)), iii) fultura inferior twice as wide as long (as wide as long in C. tessellata and C. regina sp. nov.), and iv) posterior margin of the saccus notably concave with a mesal indentation (Pl. 14: Fig. 6; see arrows) whereas slightly concave in C. tessellata and C. regina sp. nov. (Pl. 14: Figs 5, 8). All species are reciprocally allopatric.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 2: Figs 5, 7, Pl. 10: Fig. 6). Forewing length: 12–20 mm, wingspan: 27–39 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 14: Fig. 6, Pl. 19: Fig. 6). Saccus with concave posterior edge concave, with clear indentation that accommodates valva. Tergal lobe flat. Pseudotegumen anteriorly thin, posteriorly reinforced. Fultura inferior dorsally bilobed, rectangular, twice as wide as long. Valvae distally rounded.</p><p>Female (Pl. 2: Fig. 4). Forewing length: 30 mm, wingspan: 60 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, at altitudes between about 1500 and 2000 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Elyana G. Joerke, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Sympatric and synchronic only to C. mariana sp. nov. within the species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF93D34B20E0B0DCECDDFCCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF90D34B20E0B615ECF2F98B.text	03EDC94DFF90D34B20E0B615ECF2F98B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra regina Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra regina sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: AEBFBD69-996D-4AB8-8C64-22D38A175E70</p><p>Pl. 2: Figs 8–10, Pl. 10: Fig. 7, Pl. 14: Fig. 7, Pl. 19: Fig. 7</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 2: Fig 8): / BRAZIL — Minas Gerais (MG), Catas Altas, Santuário do Caraça, Campos de Fora, 1497 m, 10.X.2023, S 20° 7'5.76"S, W 43°31'17.25", E. Joerke &amp; C. Mielke leg./ DZ 52.599 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra regina C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (CEIOC).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 2 ♂). Same data as holotype (CGCM 49.833, 49.965; CEIOC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Similar to C. elyana sp. nov. and C. tessellata . See the diagnosis of the previous species. The digitiform valvae are apically tapered, while rounded in the two previous species.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 2: Figs 8–10, Pl. 10: Fig. 7). Forewing length: 12–20 mm, wingspan: 27–39 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 14: Fig. 7, Pl. 19: Fig. 7). Saccus with posterior edge slightly concave. Tergal lobe flattened. Pseudotegumen anteriorly less reinforced than posteriorly. Fultura inferior trapezoidal, bilobed dorsally, 1.2× longer than wide. Valvae distally tapered.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the Santuário do Caraça in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, at altitudes of about 1500 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Maria Regina Foggiatto, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Sympatric and synchronic to C. jane sp. nov. only within the species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF90D34B20E0B615ECF2F98B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF90D34A20E0B3D1ECCAFDBB.text	03EDC94DFF90D34A20E0B3D1ECCAFDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra jane Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra jane sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 84CAFB21-3649-48A6-8356-E3DFC6AFDBED</p><p>Pl. 2: Fig. 11, Pl. 10: Fig. 8, Pl. 14: Fig. 8, Pl. 19: Fig. 8</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 2: Fig. 11): / BRAZIL — Minas Gerais (MG), Santa Bárbara, Santuário do Caraça, Tanque Grande, 1278 m, 12–16.XI.2023, S 20° 6'9.76", W 43°29'37.99", E. Joerke &amp; C. Mielke leg./ DZ 15.548 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra jane C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (CEIOC) .</p><p>Paratype (in total 1 ♂). 1 ♂, same data as holotype (CGCM 48.001; CEIOC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Easily distinguished from its congeners by: i) dorsal reddish background, especially on the HW</p><p>(Pl. 2: Fig. 11), ii) tergal lobes projected, iii) tip of the valvae truncate, and iv) posterior margin of the saccus pronounced, reinforced and deeply concave mesally (Pl. 14, Fig. 8; see arrow).</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 2: Fig. 11, Pl. 10: Fig. 8). Forewing length: 12–20 mm, wingspan: 27–39 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 14: Fig. 8, Pl. 19: Fig. 8). Saccus with its posterior edge pronounced, reinforced and deeply concave mesally. Tergal lobes projected. Pseudotegumen anteriorly less reinforced than posteriorly. Fultura inferior trapezoidal as long as wide. Valvae with tip truncate.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the Santuário do Caraça in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil at altitudes between about 1200 and 1500 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Jane Costa (CEIOC), feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Sympatric and synchronic to C. regina sp. nov. only within the species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF90D34A20E0B3D1ECCAFDBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF91D34A20E0B7C1EB1DF8DF.text	03EDC94DFF91D34A20E0B7C1EB1DF8DF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra denise Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra denise sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: D7A28722-4429-4721-B82B-AC030395C43A</p><p>Pl. 2: Fig. 12, Pl. 10: Fig. 9, Pl. 14: Fig. 9, Pl. 19: Fig. 9</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 2: Fig. 12): / Brasil — PR [Paraná] 12.II.2005 (4), Pontal do Itararé, 900 m, Guaratuba, O. Rank leg./ BC-CGCM/ 23.315 Col. C. Mielke [GU661530]/ DZ 52.658 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra denise C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP) .</p><p>Paratypes (in total 3 ♂). Brazil. Paraná. Same data as holotype: 3 ♂ (CGCM 23.988 [GU661529], 23.347 [GU661531], 22.941; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The sclerotised fultura superior is unique within the monoargenteus species-group. In addition, the male FW ground colour of the new species is orangish-brown in all the type-series, a condition not found in all the previous species, despite the similar male genitalia of C. tessellata, C. elyana sp. nov., and C. regina sp. nov. Compared to the three previous species, the digitiform valvae of C. denise sp. nov. are thinner than in C. tessellata and C. elyana sp. nov. The pseudotegumen is not reinforced anteriorly as in C. tessellata (Pl. 14: Fig. 5; see arrow) but similar to C. elyana sp. nov. and C. regina sp. nov. (Pl. 14: Fig. 6–7). The protruding tergal lobes are also diagnostic (Pl. 14: Fig. 9; see arrow) with a posterior triangular process on each side, while flattened and lacking protrusion in the three previous species.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 2: Fig. 12, Pl. 10: Fig. 9). Forewing length: 12–15 mm, wingspan: 28–32 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 14: Fig. 9, Pl. 19: Fig. 9). Saccus with posterior edge concave, posterior portion slightly pronounced. Tergal lobes protruded with a posterior and triangular processes. Pseudotegumen less reinforced anteriorly. Fultura superior reduced, weakly sclerotised. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, rectangular, twice as wide as long. Valvae with apex rounded.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the type locality only (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Denise da Rosa Rank, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. The presence of the fultura superior in C. denise sp. nov. is surprising, as this character is found only in this species and all members of olinda species-group. The new species is sympatric to C. tessellata and C. monoargenteus within this species-group. All records are from a single night in summer, an interesting result considering the extensive collecting efforts applied in this locality.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF91D34A20E0B7C1EB1DF8DF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF91D35520E0B225EC8AFCAE.text	03EDC94DFF91D35520E0B225EC8AFCAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra ybyra C. Mielke 2015	<div><p>Cibyra ybyra C. Mielke, 2015</p><p>Pl. 2: Figs 13–15, Pl. 10: Fig. 10, Pl. 14: Fig. 10, Pl. 19: Fig. 10</p><p>Cibyra ybyra: Mielke (2015: 13; figs 8a–b (holotype ♂ dorsal/ventral), 9–12 (♂ dorsal), 13a–b (♀ female), 20 (holotype ♂ abdominal segment VIII), 21 (holotype ♂ gen.), 22 (holotype phallus), 23 (geographical distribution)); holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Holotypus, Cibyra ybyra C. Mielke det. 2014/ 18.–22. XII. 2000, Morro da Igreja, 1250 m, Urubici, SC, [Brazil], Miers &amp; C. Mielke leg./ CGCM 6.850/ DZ 15.541/ BC-CGCM [BC-JX215585]/; DZUP (examined).— Favretto (2016: 72).— Grehan et al. (2023: 78).</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all the previous species by the obtuse V-shaped posterior margin of the saccus (Pl. 14: Fig. 10; see arrow) and the protruded tergal lobes.</p><p>Material examined (in total 40 ♂ 1 ♀). Brazil. Same material listed by Mielke (2015): 26 ♂ 1 ♀ (including HT) . Santa Catarina. Same locality as holotype: 12 ♂, 1–2.II.1992, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 38.546, 42.725, 42.729, 42.861, 43.130, 43.237, 43.686, 43.815, 43.971, 44.275, 44.374, 44.382; CGCM). Urubici, Santa Bárbara, 1360 m: 1 ♂, 1–3.II.1989, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 39.935; CGCM); 1 ♂, 25–27.XII.1989 (CGCM 40.885; CGCM) .</p><p>Male (Pl. 2: Figs 13–14, Pl. 10: Fig. 10). Forewing length: 13–21 mm, wingspan: 26–42 mm (see Mielke 2015).</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 14: Fig. 10, Pl. 19: Fig. 10). For details, see Mielke (2015).</p><p>Female (Pl. 2: Fig. 15). Forewing length: 25 mm, wingspan: 49 mm (see Mielke 2015).</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Confined to the Serra Geral of southeastern Santa Catarina and northeastern Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil at altitudes between about 1000 and 1400 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Remarks. Males of C. ybyra present basically two forms as shown in Pl. 2: Figs 13–14. The same patterns are found in species of the endyra species-group ( C. endyra and C. ykeyra), but the shape of the phallus leaves no doubt about its placement within monoargenteus species-group. It is frequent at light in summer, and is sympatric and synchronic to C. barbara sp. nov., C. monoargenteus, and C. stigmatica within this species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF91D35520E0B225EC8AFCAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF8ED35420E0B6B5EAAAF897.text	03EDC94DFF8ED35420E0B6B5EAAAF897.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra stigmatica (Pfitzner 1937)	<div><p>Cibyra stigmatica (Pfitzner, 1937)</p><p>Pl. 3: Figs 1–5, Pl. 10: Fig. 11, Pl. 13: Fig. 5, Pl. 15: Fig. 1, Pl. 19: Fig. 11, Pl. 23: Fig. 5, Pl. 24: Fig. 5</p><p>Dalaca stigmatica Pfitzner (1937: 1296; pl. 100b ([♀] dorsal)); no data; coll. Seitz; [SMFL] (examined).— Zukowski (1954: 93); as synonym of Dalaca tesselloides Schaus, 1901 .— Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 21).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).— Nielsen et al. (2000: 844).</p><p>Cibyra stigmatica: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137); lectotype ♀ with the following labels: / stigmatica, Sa Catarina (?) od. Costarica/ Coll. A. Seitz/; SMFL (examined)— Grehan (2012: 4, 5, 23; fig. (valva, intermediate plate, venation)).— Favretto (2016: 72).— Grehan et al. (2023: 77).</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all the previous species by the concave posterior margin of the saccus, narrowly V-shaped, with the corner of the projection nearly right angle (Pl. 15: Fig. 1; see arrow). Along with C. barbara sp. nov. and C. mariana sp. nov., C. stigmatica shows all wings more rounded and a lighter brown stripe running over M 2 within the cell and then continuing between Rs4 and M 1 (Pl. 3: Figs 1–4), instead of dark brown in the two former species (Pl. 3: Figs 6–9, 13–14). This contrast facilitates identification.</p><p>Examined material (in total 135 ♂ 99 ♀). Brazil. Paraná. Imbaú, 800 m: 1 ♂, 10.III.1995, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 7.220; CGCM). Tibagi, Guartelá, 1000 m: 1 ♂, 25.II.1997, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 6.243; CGCM). São José dos Pinhais, Morro do Meio: 1 ♂, 8.I.1970, V.O. Becker &amp; Laroca leg. (CGCM 15.689; CGCM). Tijucas do Sul, Vossoroca, 850 m: 1 ♀, 11.III.1989, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 23.691; CGCM). Santa Catarina. São Bento do Sul, 800 m: 1 ♀, 14.III.1998, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 769; CGCM). São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 500–700 m: 5 ♂ 1 ♀, 20–21.II.1996, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.361, 4.583, 5.333, 5.368, 5.486, 5.578; CGCM); 4 ♂ 1 ♀, 10–29.I.1997, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.057, 4.525, 4.570, 4.722, 5.030; CGCM); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 4–5.II.1997, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.504, 5.836; CGCM); 1 ♂, 9.III.1997, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.027; CGCM); 3 ♀, 13–23.I.1998, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.188, 6.237, 6.522; CGCM); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 23–25.II.1998, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.081, 5.769; CGCM); 1 ♂, 16.I.2001, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.021; CGCM); 3 ♂ 3 ♀, I.2001, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 1.800, 1.981, 2.238, 5.766, 6.303, 7.793; CGCM); 1 ♂, 10.II.2001, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.449; CGCM); 2 ♀, 25.II.2001, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.718, 7.068; CGCM); 1 ♀, 2.III.2001, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.693; CGCM); 5 ♀, 5–20.II.2002, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 480, 1.626, 1.816, 2.125, 2.254; CGCM); 1 ♀, 7.II.2003, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.062; CGCM); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, I.2004, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 13.744, 13.902; CGCM); 7 ♂ 6 ♀, 9–15.II.2004, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 11.793, 22.557, 23.117, 23.133, 23.149, 23.181, 23.197, 23.231, 23.274, 23.280, 23.355, 23.402, 23.759; CGCM); 2 ♂ 4 ♀, II.2004, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 13.662, 13.817, 13.833, 13.865, 14.896, 16.395; CGCM); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, III.2004, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 13.624, 13.627; CGCM); 1 ♂ 11 ♀, 17–28.I.2005, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 17.639, 17.831, 17.991, 18.007, 18.055, 18.087, 18.119, 18.199, 18.263, 18.295, 18.343, 18.391; CGCM); 3 ♂ 7 ♀, I.2005, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 17.651, 17.879, 17.927, 17.943, 18.039, 18.150, 18.215, 18.279, 18.342, 18.371; CGCM); 1 ♂, 5.II.2005, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 18.427; CGCM); 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 7–15.II.2005, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 17.815, 18.053, 18.359, 23.165; CGCM); 3 ♂ 3 ♀, II.2005, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 17.623, 17.669, 17.863, 18.309, 18.375, 22.412; CGCM); 1 ♀, II.2006, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 19.528; CGCM). São Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, 700–900 m: 2 ♀, 9–18.II.1992, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 22.847, 23.835; CGCM); 1 ♀, 29.II.1992, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.946; CGCM); 4 ♂, I.1993, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.990, 6.115, 7.451, 7.886; CGCM); 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 6–17.II.1993, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.977, 6.230, 23.134; CGCM); 1 ♀, 2.III.1993, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 23.770; CGCM); 1 ♂, 9.II.1994, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.827; CGCM); 1 ♂, 5.II.1995, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.416; CGCM); 1 ♂, 20.XII.1995, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.352; CGCM); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 14–19.I.1997, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.427, 5.525; CGCM); 1 ♀, 3.II.1997, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.406; CGCM); 1 ♂, 26.II.1997, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.127; CGCM); 1 ♂, 21.XII.1997, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.964; CGCM); 1 ♀, 25.II.1998, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.195; CGCM); 1 m # 3 ♀, 26.I.1999, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.101, 5.034, 5.266, 5.457; CGCM); 1 ♂, 26.I.1999, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.507; CGCM); 3 ♂ 1 ♀, 9–18.II.1999, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.014, 4.978, 5.066, 5.259; CGCM); 1 ♂, 20.III.1999, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.135; CGCM); 1 ♂, 28.I.2000, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.629; CGCM); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 6–23.II.2000, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.205, 7.198, 7.347; CGCM); 1 ♂, 16.I.2001, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.373; CGCM); 5 ♂ 1 ♀, I.2001, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.227, 5.000, 5.575, 6.275, 6.429, 7.185; CGCM); 2 ♂, 3.II.2001, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.520, 7.616; CGCM); 15 ♂, 6 ♀, II.2001, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.041, 4.073, 4.325, 4.433, 4.630, 5.033, 5.038, 5.111, 5.385, 5.672, 5.825, 5.941, 6.220, 6.336, 6.518, 6.717, 7.113, 7.552, 7.966; CGCM); 1 ♂, 21.III.2001, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.832; CGCM); 16 ♂ 10 ♀, II.2002, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.148, 4.170, 4.211, 4.312, 4.384, 4.451, 4.466, 4.539, 4.607, 4.765, 4.970, 5.086, 5.097, 5.147, 5.253, 5.290, 5.297, 5.348, 5.403, 5.480, 5.498, 5.506, 5.582, 5.924, 6.651, 6.723; CGCM); 1 ♂, 5.III.2002, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.997; CGCM); 6 ♂ 2 ♀, I.2003, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.075, 5.709, 5.768, 6.048, 6.148, 7.436, 7.668, 7.939; CGCM); 2 ♂, 23.II.2003, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.025, 4.914; CGCM); 7 ♂ 1 ♀, 11–27.I.2004, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 13.711, 13.726, 13.727, 13.743, 13.880, 14.096, 14.190, 14.205; CGCM); 1 ♂, 25.II.2004, L. Rank leg. (CGCM 16.564; CGCM); 7 ♂ 2 ♀, II.2004, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 13.647, 13.774, 13.790, 13.806, 13.854, 13.870, 14.177, 14.210, 14.226; CGCM); 2 ♂, 21.IV.2004, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 14.188, 14.367; CGCM); 1 ♂ 3 ♀, 13–20.II.2006, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 19.914, 20.018, 22.444, 22.556; CGCM); 1 ♂, 5.II.2009, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 25.262; CGCM). Urubici, Serra do Panelão, 1250 m: 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 14–16.II.1999, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 39, 715, 753; CGCM); 1 ♀, 5.III.2000, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 2.162; CGCM); 1 ♂, 22.II.2004, T. Decaëns leg. (CGCM 22.616; CGCM). Urubici, Morro da Igreja, 1350 m: 5 ♂, 15–18.III.1998, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 36.351, 36.421, 36.423, 36.443, 36.448; CGCM).</p><p>Male (Pl. 3: Figs 1–4, Pl. 10: Fig. 11). Forewing length: 15–20 mm, wingspan: 32–42 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 15: Fig. 1, Pl. 19: Fig. 11). Saccus with posterior edge concave, slightly V-shaped, with corner of projection at right angle. Tergal lobes extended posteriorly. Pseudotegumen reinforced anteriorly and posteriorly. Fultura inferior as long as wide, bilobed dorsally. Valvae with tip rounded.</p><p>Female (Pl. 3: Fig. 5, Pl. 13: Fig. 5). Forewing length: 23–35 mm, wingspan: 44–64 mm.</p><p>Female genitalia (Pl. 23: Fig. 5, Pl. 24: Fig. 5). Lamella antevaginalis slightly sclerotized, only its latero-posterior dorsal edge densely sclerotised, forming a triangular process; each well separated medially by a shallow bilobed projection, slightly sclerotised and setose, antero-ventrally. Ductus bursae tubular, ca. 2.5× longer than pyriform corpus bursae.</p><p>Distribution. Central-southern Paraná to eastern Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil at altitudes between about 500 to 1350 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Remarks. This species is relatively common in the northeastern Santa Catarina from mid to late summer. While males have a highly variable FW ornamentation, females do not. The species is sympatric and synchronic with C. monoargenteus and C. ybyra within this species-group.</p><p>The original description is an image of the adult female with few details about FW ornamentation. The male and female genitalia are here figured for the first time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF8ED35420E0B6B5EAAAF897	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF8DD35620E0B5E4ECC3FAD7.text	03EDC94DFF8DD35620E0B5E4ECC3FAD7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra mariana Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra mariana sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: DDCDEAC0-8496-4E29-905B-61612244C6C6</p><p>Pl. 3: Figs 6–11, Pl. 10: Fig. 12, Pl. 13: Fig. 6, Pl. 15: Fig. 2, Pl. 19: Fig. 12, Pl. 23: Fig. 6, Pl. 24: Fig. 6</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 3: Fig. 6): / BRAZIL — São Paulo (SP), Campos do Jordão, Lavrinhas, 1898 m., 24.I.1988 (30), R. Koike leg./ BC-CGCM/ 36.073 Col. C. Mielke/ DZ 52.678/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra mariana C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 5 ♂ 2 ♀). Brazil. Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia, Posto Marcão [Agulhas Negras], 2.460 m: 2 ♂, 1 ♀, 10–13.II.2024, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 50.768, 51.089, 51.990; CEIOC). São Paulo. Same locality as holotype: 1 ♂, 23–24.I.1998, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 36.013; CGCM); 1 ♂, 22–25.I.1992, O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg. (CGCM 7.238; CGCM); 1 ♀, 19.I.1989, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 38.984; CGCM); 1 ♂, 15–20.I.1990, H. Thöny leg. (CGCM 47.662; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species, along with the following species, presents a dark brown stripe running over M 2 within the cell and then continuing between Rs4 and M 1 and a preapical and oblique postmedial line reaching the inner margin at 2/3 on the male FW. A similar stripe, although slightly marked, is also observed on the HW of males. The distinction between this and the next species is given under the latter.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 3: Figs 6–9, Pl. 10: Fig. 12). Forewing length: 16–18 mm, wingspan: 32–36 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 15: Fig. 2, Pl. 19: Fig. 12). Saccus with its posterior edge straight, posterior portion pronounced. Tergal lobes flattened. Pseudotegumen anteriorly as wide as posteriorly. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, trapezoidal, 1.2× wider than long. Valvae with tip rounded.</p><p>Female (Pl. 3: Fig. 10–11, Pl. 13: Fig. 6). Forewing length: 19–24 mm, wingspan: 39–46 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia (Pl. 23: Fig. 6, Pl. 24: Fig. 6). Lamella antevaginalis slightly sclerotised, strongly notched mesally with postero-dorsal edge produced as a triangular tooth each side of the median. Ductus bursae 1/3 as long as pyriform corpus bursae.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the Serra da Mantiqueira in São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro states, in southeastern Brazil, at altitudes above 1800 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Mariana F. Maestri, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. The new species is relatively scarce, considering the extensive collecting efforts over its distribution range. It is sympatric and synchronic with C. elyana sp. nov. only within this species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF8DD35620E0B5E4ECC3FAD7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF8DD35120E0B02CEA04FD2B.text	03EDC94DFF8DD35120E0B02CEA04FD2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra barbara Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra barbara sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 033BF726-7A5E-4645-967B-C585FB6521FC</p><p>Pl. 3: Figs 12–14, Pl. 10: Fig. 13, Pl. 15: Fig. 3, Pl. 19: Fig. 13</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 3: Fig. 13): / BRAZIL — Santa Catarina (SC), Urubici, Santa Bárbara, 1360 m, 1.-3.II.2019, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg., 28°8'30.70"S, 49°38'6.84"W / 39.896 Col. C. Mielke/ DZ 52.688/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra barbara C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 2 ♂ 1 ♀). Brazil. Santa Catarina. Same locality and collector as holotype: 1 ♂, 1–3.II.1989 (CGCM 38.574; CGCM); 1 ♂, 8.I.1992 (CGCM 44.164; CGCM). Rio Grande do Sul. São José dos Ausentes, Silveiras, 1200 m: 1 ♀, 28–31.I.2000, A. Moser leg. (CGCM 42.783 [HM430361]; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The new species is distinguishable from the previous only by the male genitalia. In C. mariana sp. nov. the mesal portion of the posterior margin of the saccus is pronounced (Pl. 15: Fig. 2; see arrow), while in C. barbara sp. nov. it is barely distinguished and 1.2× longer than in C. mariana sp. nov. (Pl. 15: Fig. 3; see arrow).</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 3: Figs 13–14, Pl. 10: Fig. 13). Forewing length: 14–15 mm, wingspan: 31–33 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 15: Fig. 3, Pl. 19: Fig. 13). Saccus with its posterior margin straight, mesal portion barely pronounced. Tergal lobes flattened. Pseudotegumen anteriorly as wide as posteriorly. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, trapezoidal, 1.2× wider than long. Valvae with tip rounded.</p><p>Female (Pl. 3: Fig. 12). Forewing length: 24 mm, wingspan: 51 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the Serra Geral in two localities only in the southeastern Santa Catarina and northeastern Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, at altitudes between about 1200 and 1400 m (Pl. 25: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Bárbara P. Sicuro, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. As for the previous species, it is relatively scarce considering the efforts applied to discovering its distribution. It is sympatric and synchronic with C. monoargenteus and C. ybyra within this species-group and allopatric to its most similar species, C. mariana sp. nov.</p><p>c) Species-group: yungas . One species: C. yungas .</p><p>Defined by the phallus, everted, as a distal bladder-like vesica with two antero-ventral diverticula (Pl. 19: Fig. 14). In addition, by: i) male sternite VIII uniformly sclerotised, shield-shaped; ii) tegumen extended beyond articulation with saccus; iii) posterior margin of saccus simple; iv) tergal lobes somewhat flattened, resting over the pseudotegumen; v) pseudotegumen expanded posteriorly, then folded outwards, and expanded mesally; vi) fultura inferior folded inward posteriorly, and; vi) valvae digitiform and ribbed.</p><p>Distribution. Bolivia (Pl. 28: Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF8DD35120E0B02CEA04FD2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF8AD35020E0B631EDFEFE23.text	03EDC94DFF8AD35020E0B631EDFEFE23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra yungas (Viette 1961)	<div><p>Cibyra yungas (Viette, 1961)</p><p>Pl. 3: Fig. 15–16, Pl. 10: Fig. 14, Pl. 15: Fig. 4, Pl. 19: Fig. 14</p><p>Xytrops yungas Viette (1961: 3; fig. 4 ([holotype] ♂ gen.)); holotype ♂, Bolivia, [Cochabamba], Yungas del Palmar, 2000 m, R. Zischka leg.; GP P. Viette no. 3790; ZSBS (examined) [holotype ♂ with the following labels: / BOLIVIA, Yungas del Palmar, 2000 m, leg. R. Zischka, Zoolog. Staatsslg / TYPE/ Holotypus, Xytropus [sic] yungas Vtte., Zool. Staatssammlung München / Genitalia ♂, P. Viette, Prép. No. 3790/ P.E.L. Viette det 1960, Xytrops ♂ yungas n.sp. Holotype P. Viette / Specimen photog Checklist Aust Lep Film 169/32]</p><p>Aepytus (Xytrops) yungas: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Cibyra (Xytrops) yungas: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).</p><p>Cibyra yungas: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137).— Grehan et al. (2023: 78).</p><p>Diagnosis. The pseudotegumen folded outwards posteriorly, a unique condition within the genus as are the phallus with two diverticula only on its antero-ventral portion, and the inward folded fultura inferior.</p><p>Examined material (in total 2 ♂). Bolivia. Cochabamba. 1 ♂, HT; 1 ♂, Chapare, Locotal, 1200 m: 1 ♂, X.2019, Calderón-Villavicencio leg. (CGCM 42.521; CGCM) .</p><p>Male (Pl. 3: Fig. 15–16, Pl. 10: Fig. 14). Forewing length: 19 mm, wingspan: 40 mm.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 15: Fig. 4, Pl. 19: Fig. 14). Saccus with posterior edge concave. Tegumen rectangular, slightly curved. Tergal lobes protruded posteriorly. Pseudotegumen less reinforced anteriorly than posteriorly, the latter expanded latero-posteriorly and folded outwards. Fultura inferior rectangular, twice as wide as long, posterior margin inward folded. Valvae apically pointed (not visible in the Pl. 15: Fig. 4).</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known from two localities in Cochabamba, Bolivia (Pl. 28: Fig. 1).</p><p>Remarks. Viette (1961) figured the male genitalia in the original description, so here the male is figured for the first time.</p><p>d) Species-group: endyra . Six species: C. claudia sp. nov., C. endyra, C. hannelore sp. nov., C. mirna sp. nov., C. monique sp. nov., and C. ykeyra .</p><p>Defined by the phallus shape with a distal bladder, that when everted, comprises three mesal diverticula (posterior, mesal, and ventral) (Pl. 20: Fig. 1–6). In addition by: i) male sternite VIII uniformly sclerotised and shows the posterior margin obtuse; ii) tegumen extended beyond articulation with saccus; iii) tergal lobes crab claw-shaped with or without projections; iv) pseudotegumen ribbed and expanded mesally; v) valvae digitiform and ribbed, and; vi) plates of the lamella antevaginalis with mesal corner projected and tapered.</p><p>Distribution. Coastal and mainland between Espírito Santo in southeastern Brazil and Santa Catarina in southern Brazil at altitudes between about 600 and 2200 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 1).</p><p>Key for species based on males</p><p>1) Corner of mesal projection of the posterior portion of the saccus at straight angle.................................. 2 Corner of mesal projection of the posterior portion of the saccus curved.......................................... 4</p><p>2) Posterior margin of the saccus clearly V-shaped...................................................... C. endyra Posterior margin of the saccus concave.................................................................... 3</p><p>3) Tergal lobes without protrusion................................................................... C. ykeyra Tergal lobes with protrusion........................................................... C. hannelore sp. nov.</p><p>4) Tergal lobe with protrusion, pseudotegumen reinforced anteriorly................................. C. mirna sp. nov. Tergal lobe without differentiation, pseudotegumen not reinforced anteriorly...................................... 5</p><p>5) Posterior portion of saccus slightly pronounced, posterior margin slightly concave.................. C. claudia sp. nov. Posterior portion of saccus pronounced, posterior margin almost straight......................... C. monique sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF8AD35020E0B631EDFEFE23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF8BD35220E0B736EC78FE2E.text	03EDC94DFF8BD35220E0B736EC78FE2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra claudia Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra claudia sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: FCB6FD23-ED6A-4B7F-B100-E3C5F06A6BE3</p><p>Pl. 4: Figs 1–6, Pl. 10: Fig. 15, Pl. 13: Fig. 7, Pl. 15: Fig. 5, Pl. 20: Fig. 1, Pl. 23: Fig. 7, Pl. 24: Fig. 7</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 4: Fig. 1): / BRAZIL —SP [ São Paulo], São José do Barreiro, Bocaina, 1539 m, 2- 6.I.2016, C. Mielke leg., W 44°37'57", S 22°43'37"/ DZ 52.698/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra claudia C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 68 ♂ 11 ♀). Brazil. Minas Gerais. Itamonte, Vargem Grande, 2070 m: 1 ♂, 8.III.2001, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 24.008 [JX215612]; CGCM). Itamonte, Campo Redondo, 1400 m: 2 ♂, 8–11.I.2011, A. Rosa leg. (CGCM 42.614, 42.961; DZUP). Paraisópolis, Machadão, 1400 m: 1 ♂, 2.II.2004, E. Pereira leg. (CGCM 11.361 [JX215650]; CGCM). Marmelópolis, Marins, 1519 m: 1 ♂, 28.XII.1997, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 35.287; CGCM). Marmelópolis, 4 Km SE, 1400 m: 1 ♂, 28.XII.1998, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 35.838; CGCM). Virginia, Fazenda dos Campos, 1500 m: 1 ♀, 18.XI.1917, Zikán leg. (Z. 4575; CEIOC); 1 ♀, 31.XII.1919, Zikán leg. (Z. 4589; CEIOC); 1 ♀, 3.I.1920, Zikán leg. (Z. 4590; CEIOC). Rio de Janeiro. Itatiaia, rd. Agulhas Negras, km 8, 2000 m: 1 ♀, 5–6.II.1951, Travassos &amp; Pearson leg. (Z. 4741; CEIOC); 2 ♂, 10.I.1953, Travassos &amp; Pearson leg. (Z. 4756, 4757; CEIOC). Itatiaia: 2 ♂, 28.XI.1917, Zikán leg. (Z. 4675, 4687; CEIOC); 1 ♀, 17.XII.1917, Zikán leg. (Z. 4588; CEIOC); 1 ♂, 4.I.1918, Zikán leg. (Z. 4682; CEIOC); 1 ♀, 17.I.1919, Zikán leg. (Z. 4594; CEIOC); 3 ♂, 22.XI.1919, Zikán leg. (Z. 4681, 4684, 4685; CEIOC); 1 ♀, 8.I.1921, Zikán leg. (Z. 4591; CEIOC); 1 ♀, 18.XII.1921, Zikán leg. (Z. 4604; CEIOC). São Paulo. Same data as holotype: 15 ♂ (CGCM 31.515, 31.522, 31.525, 31.526, 31.527, 31.531, 31.534, 31.540, 31.541, 31.542, 31.545, 31.546, 31.547, 31.549, 31.550; CGCM). Same locality and collector as holotype: 4 ♂, 7–10.II.20016 (CGCM 31.567, 31.574, 31.848, 31.880; CGCM). Piquete, Barreira de Piquete, 1464 m: 1 ♂, 12.I.2001, R, Koike leg. (CGCM 19.357; CGCM). São Bento do Sapucaí, Pedra do Baú, 1800 m: 1 ♂, 22.I.2004, E. Pereira leg. (CGCM 8.939 [JX215640]; CGCM). Campos do Jordão, 1600–1700 m: 2 ♂, 22–25.I.1992, O. Mielke &amp; Casagrande leg. (CGCM 6.166, 6.169; CGCM). Campos do Jordão, Lavrinhas, 1900 m: 2 ♂, 6.I.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 32.013, 32.204; CGCM); 2 ♂, 16.I.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 33.433, 33.488; CGCM); 7 ♂, 11–13.XII.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.266, 35.404, 35.475, 35.495, 35.524, 35.548, 35.635; CGCM); 8 ♂, 27–18.XII.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.409, 35.588, 35.592, 35.607, 35.608, 35.614, 35.896, 35.998; CGCM); 4 ♂, 24–27.I.1998, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 36.105, 36.171, 36.179, 40.115; CGCM); 1 ♂, 7.II.1998, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 36.333; CGCM); 1 ♀. 2.I.1999, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 39.601; CGCM); 1 ♂, 19.I.1999, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 39.597; CGCM); 1 ♂, 27.I.1999, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 40.339; CGCM); 2 ♂, 15.I.2000, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 43.049, 44.456; CGCM). Campos do Jordão, Umuarama, 1700 m: 1 ♀, 31.I.1938, Travassos &amp; Oiticica leg. (1.791 IOC; CEIOC). Santo Antônio do Pinhal, Eugênio Lefèvre, 1200 m: 1 ♂, 13–15.II.1953, Travassos &amp; Travassos F. (MZSP 14409; MZUSP); 2 ♂, 24.I.1963, J. Guimarães, Medeiros, L. Silva, A. Rocha &amp; Travassos F. leg. (MZSP 14411, 14412; MZUSP).</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is similar to the next two species, where differences are discussed. Differences are discussed under the next two species.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 4: Figs 1–4, Pl. 10: Fig. 15). Forewing length: 11–15 mm, wingspan: 13–32 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 15: Fig. 5, Pl. 20: Fig. 1). Tergal lobes without processes. Saccus with posterior edge simple, slightly concave; posterior portion projected. Tegumen slightly S-shaped. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, trapezoidal.</p><p>Female (Pl. 4: Figs 5–6, Pl. 13: Fig. 7). Forewing length: 17–27 mm, wingspan: 35–52 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Female genitalia (Pl. 23: Fig. 7, Pl. 24: Fig. 7). Lamella antevaginalis with mesal third less sclerotised; lateral plates with mesal corner densely sclerotised and sharply produced into a triangular process. Ductus bursae as long as pyriform corpus bursae.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais, and São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, at altitudes between about 1200 and 2000 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Claudia A. Violette, for supporting biodiversity education, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Relatively common species throughout the Serra de Mantiqueira from late Spring to the whole Summer. Sympatric and synchronic to C. endyra only within this species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF8BD35220E0B736EC78FE2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF89D35220E0B735EA8DF9F6.text	03EDC94DFF89D35220E0B735EA8DF9F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra mirna Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra mirna sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 90CF5224-904D-40F0-9493-0F9750A49716</p><p>Pl. 4: Figs 8–10, Pl. 10: Fig. 16, Pl. 15: Fig. 6, Pl. 20: Fig. 2</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 4: Fig. 9): / BRASIL — PR [Paraná], Carambeí, [1000 m], 17.I.2006, C. Mielke leg./ BC-CGCM/ 19.586 Col. C. Mielke [JX215642]/ DZ 15.580 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra mirna C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP) .</p><p>Paratypes (in total 2 ♂ 1 ♀): Brazil. Paraná. Carambeí, 1050 m: 1 ♀, 10.II.2002, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 25.403 [JX215618]; CGCM); 1 ♂, 30.I.2006, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 23.004 [GU661544]; CGCM) . Ponta Grossa, Vila Velha, 900 m: 1 ♂, 8.II.2005, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 29.624; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This and the previous species are similar, including the size of the genital apparatus, but few characters are distinctive (Pl. 15: Fig. 5–6): i) the tergal lobe in C. claudia sp. nov. is not differentiated, while in C. mirna sp. nov. there is a protrusion ventro-posteriorly (Pl. 15: Fig. 6; see upper arrow), ii) the valvae in C. claudia sp. nov. are clearly more robust, and iii) the pseudotegumen are not reinforced anteriorly in C. claudia sp. nov., but reinforced in C. mirna sp. nov. (Pl. 15: Figs 6; see lower arrow).</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 4: Figs 9–10, Pl. 10: Fig. 16). Forewing length: 11–15 mm, wingspan: 25–31 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 15: Fig. 6, Pl. 20: Fig. 2). Tergal lobes slightly protruded ventro-posteriorly. Saccus with posterior edge slightly concave, mesally projected. Pseudotegumen reinforced anteriorly. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, trapezoidal.</p><p>Female (Pl. 4: Fig. 8). Forewing length: 15 mm, wingspan: 32 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Central-eastern Paraná, southern Brazil at altitudes between about 900 and 1050 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Mirna M. Casagrande, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. This species is not often observed in light traps, despite intensive collecting efforts in its region. Allopatric to all other members of this species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF89D35220E0B735EA8DF9F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF89D35D20E0B30DE882FDBB.text	03EDC94DFF89D35D20E0B30DE882FDBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra monique Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra monique sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5234C306-FD26-48DF-A1B8-E3074E01CDBA</p><p>Pl. 4: Fig. 7, Pl. 11: Fig. 1, Pl. 15: Fig. 7, Pl. 20: Fig. 3</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 4: Fig. 7): / BRASIL —MG [Minas Gerais], Espera Feliz, Pedra Menina (ES), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.80683&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.4627" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.80683/lat -20.4627)">Casa Queimada</a>, 2.180 m. 23.I.2017, 20°27'45.72"S, 41°48'24.59"W, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. / BC-CGCM/ 32.870 Col. C. Mielke / DZ 15.615 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra monique C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP) .</p><p>Paratypes (in total 6 ♂): Brazil. Minas Gerais. Alto Caparaó, Tronqueira, 1800 m: 8–12.I.1994 (CGCM 48.895, 49.198, 51.520, 51.404, 51.677, 51.777; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is similar to the two previous, but the genital apparatus is 1.4× larger and the posterior portion of the saccus is clearly more protruded (Pl. 15: Fig. 7; see arrow) when compared with C. claudia sp. nov. (Pl. 15: Fig. 5) and C. mirna sp. nov. (Pl. 15: Fig. 6). In addition, the tergal lobe is not differentiated and the pseudotegumen is not reinforced anteriorly as in C. claudia sp. nov.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 4: Fig. 7). Forewing length: 18 mm, wingspan: 37 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 15: Fig. 7, Pl. 20: Fig. 3). Tergal lobes flattened. Saccus with posterior edge straight mesally projected. Tegumen slightly S-shaped. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, trapezoidal.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the Serra do Caparaó in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, at altitudes between about 1800 and 2200 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Monique O. Koike, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. This species is known to be on the wing in January and from two localities in the Serra do Caparaó, an isolated mountain complex in eastern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. Allopatric to all members of this species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF89D35D20E0B30DE882FDBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF86D35D20E0B7C1EA66FC74.text	03EDC94DFF86D35D20E0B7C1EA66FC74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra ykeyra C. Mielke 2015	<div><p>Cibyra ykeyra C. Mielke, 2015</p><p>Pl. 4: Figs 13–15, Pl. 11: Fig. 2, Pl. 15: Fig. 8, Pl. 20: Fig. 4</p><p>Cibyra ykeyra: Mielke (2015: 13; figs 3a–b (holotype ♂ dorsal/ventral), 4–6 (♂ dorsal), 7a–b (♀ female), 17 (holotype ♂ abdominal segment VIII), 18 (holotype ♂ gen.), 19 (holotype phallus), 23 (geographical distribution)); holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Holotypus, Cibyra ykeyra C. Mielke det. 2014/ Brasil, SC, São Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, 700 m, 8. I. 2006, I. Rank leg./ CGCM 19.962 / DZ 15.534/ BC-CGCM [BCJX215634]/; DZUP (examined).— Favretto (2016: 72).— Grehan et al. (2023: 78).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF86D35D20E0B7C1EA66FC74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF86D35C20E0B34CED5CFE76.text	03EDC94DFF86D35C20E0B34CED5CFE76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra hannelore Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra hannelore sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 151B87F3-E025-4CEB-8EB9-D2B8581AF0B8</p><p>Pl. 4: Figs 11–12, Pl. 11: Fig. 3, Pl. 15: Fig. 9, Pl. 20: Fig. 5</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 4: Fig. 11): / BRAZIL — São Paulo (SP), Sto. André, Vila Paranapiacaba, 1100 m, 23.XI.2021. R. Koike leg./ DZ 52.669 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra hannelore C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP) .</p><p>Paratypes (in total 2 ♂): Brazil. São Paulo. Same locality and collector as holotype: 2 ♂, 23.XI.2021, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 43.013, 43.483; DZUP) .</p><p>Diagnosis. See diagnosis of C. endyra .</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 4: Figs 11–12, Pl. 11: Fig. 3). Forewing length: 14–22 mm, wingspan: 28–42 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 15: Fig. 9, Pl. 20: Fig. 5). Tergal lobes flattened without protrusion. Saccus with posterior edge concave. Tegumen slightly S-shaped. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, trapezoidal.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from one site at Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba placed in Serra do Mar in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil, at an altitude of 1100 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Hannelore Moser, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Allopatric to all members of the endyra species-group. See remarks of the previous species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF86D35C20E0B34CED5CFE76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF87D35F20E0B48DEDFEFE93.text	03EDC94DFF87D35F20E0B48DEDFEFE93.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra endyra C. Mielke 2015	<div><p>Cibyra endyra C. Mielke, 2015</p><p>Pl. 4: Figs 16 –17, Pl. 11: Fig. 4, Pl. 15: Fig. 10, Pl. 20: Fig. 6</p><p>Cibyra endyra: Mielke (2015: 12; figs 1a–b (holotype ♂ dorsal/ventral), 2a–b (♀ female), 14 (holotype ♂ abdominal segment VIII), 15 (holotype ♂ gen.), 16 (holotype phallus), 23 (geographical distribution)); holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Holotypus, Cibyra endyra C. Mielke det. 2014/ 22. I. 2004, Pedra do Baú, São Bento do Sapucaí, 1800 m, SP, Brasil. Pereira leg./ CGCM 9.368 / DZ 15.573/ BC-CGCM [BC-JX215633]/; DZUP (examined).— Grehan et al. (2023: 75) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This and the previous two species have a similar wing ornamentation and male genitalia, especially the nearly right-angled corner of projection of the posterior portion of the saccus (Pl. 15: Figs 8–10; see arrows). However, some attributes in the male genitalia are diagnostic. In C. endyra the posterior margin of the saccus is clearly V-shaped (Pl. 15: Fig. 10; right arrow), whereas in C. ykeyra and C. hannelore sp. nov., it is concave (Pl. 15: Fig. 8–9). In addition, the tergal lobe of C. endyra is as simple as in C. hannelore sp. nov., while in C. ykeyra, it bears a protrusion mesally (see upper arrow). The genital apparatus is 1.15 to 1.3× larger in C. ykeyra .</p><p>Examined material (in total 30 ♂ 2 ♀). Brazil. Same material listed by Mielke (2015): 5 ♂, 1 ♀ (including HT). Minas Gerais. Marmelópolis, Marins, 1519 m : 1 ♂, 28.XII.1997, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 35.444) . São Paulo. Piquete, Barreira de Piquete, 1464 m: 1 ♂, 8.XII.2000, R, Koike leg. (CGCM36.686; CGCM) . São José do Barreiro, Bocaina, 1578 m : 1 ♂, 15–25.III.1990, H. Thöny leg. (CGCM 44.413; CGCM) . Campos do Jordão, Lavrinhas, 1900 m : 2 ♂, 6.XII.1996, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 32.149, 33.301; CGCM); 1 ♂, 6.II.1996, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 32.384; CGCM); 4 ♂, 6–16.I.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 32.736, 32.745, 32.958, 33.211; CGCM); 1 ♂, 11–13.XII.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.320; CGCM); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 27–28.XII.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.358, 35.415, 35.587; CGCM); 6 ♂, 23–24.I.1998, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.585, 36.003, 36.042, 36.143, 36.544, 36.581; CGCM); 2 ♂, 2.I.1999, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 39.551, 39.962; CGCM); 2 ♂, 19–27.I.1999, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 38.757, 40.317; CGCM); 1 ♂, 7.XI.2000, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 43.501; CGCM) . Campos do Jordão, 1700 m : 1 ♂, 5–12.I.2002, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 38.602; CGCM) .</p><p>Male (Pl. 4: Figs 16, Pl. 11: Fig. 4). Forewing length: 16–25 mm, wingspan: 33–52 mm (see Mielke 2015). Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 15: Fig. 10, Pl. 20: Fig. 6). For details, see Mielke (2015).</p><p>Female (Pl. 4: Fig. 17). Forewing length: 31 mm, wingspan: 58 mm (see Mielke 2015).</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Confined to the Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, at altitudes between about 800 to 1900 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 1).</p><p>Remarks. Cibyra endyra is relatively frequent at light. It is sympatric and synchronic with C. claudia sp. nov. only within this species-group.</p><p>e) Species-group: pluriargenteus . Three species: C. pluriargenteus, C. bruna sp. nov., and C. simone sp. nov.</p><p>The symmetrical protrusion on the posterior margin of the saccus defines this species-group (Pl. 16: Figs 1–3; see arrow in Fig.1). In can further be distinguished by: i) male sternite VIII rectangular with posterior margin obtuse and mesally notched; ii) tegumen extended beyond articulation with saccus; iii) pseudotegumen expanded mesally and ribbed; iv) valvae digitiform and ribbed; v) distal everted phallus forming a bladder-like vesica with a conical antero-ventral diverticula, and; vi) lateral plates of lamella antevaginalis with mesal corner projected and tapered.</p><p>Distribution. Coastal and mainland between Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil and Paraná in southern Brazil at altitudes between about 800 and 1900 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 2).</p><p>Key for species based on males</p><p>1) Tergal lobe without processes, Epiphysis present.............................................. C. simone sp. nov. 2) Tergal lobe with processes, Epiphysis absent or present....................................................... 3 3) Processes of the tergal lobe tapered, triangular, Epiphysis present.................................. C. pluriargenteus</p><p>Processes of the tergal lobe digitiform, Epiphysis absent......................................... C. bruna sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF87D35F20E0B48DEDFEFE93	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF84D35F20E0B4EFE908F89E.text	03EDC94DFF84D35F20E0B4EFE908F89E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra pluriargenteus (Viette 1955)	<div><p>Cibyra pluriargenteus (Viette, 1955)</p><p>Pl. 5: Figs 1–4, Pl. 11: Fig. 5, Pl. 16: Fig. 1, Pl. 20: Fig. 7</p><p>Xytrops pluriargenteus Viette (1955: 378; fig. 4 (♂ gen.)); holotype ♂, Brazil, São Paulo, Alto da Serra, I. 1923, R. Spitz leg.; GP P. Viette no. 2296; NHMUK (examined) [holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Alto da Serra, S. Paulo, Jan. 1923 . (R. Spitz)./ TYPE/ Type / Rothschild Bequest B.M. 1939-1./ Xytrops pluriargenteus n.sp Holotype ♂ P. Viette, P. E. L. Viette det./ P. Viette gen. ♂ n° 2296/ B.M. ♂, Genitalia slide No. 4711/]</p><p>Aepytus (Xytrops) pluriargenteus: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Cibyra (Xytrops) pluriargenteus: Nielsen et al. (2000: 843).</p><p>Cibyra pluriargenteus: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137).—Mielke et al. (2017: 583; figs 1 (holotype ♂), 3–5 (♂ dorsal/ventral), 6–10 (♀ dorsal/ventral), 16–17 (♂ abdominal segments), 18 (♂ gen.), 19 (♀ abdominal segments), 20–21 (♀ gen.), 32 (geographical distribution).— Grehan et al. (2023: 77).</p><p>Diagnosis. Discussed in details under the next species, but the lighter base of the male HW is unique within the genus (Pl. 5: Figs 1–3).</p><p>Examined material (in total 67 ♂ 8 ♀). Brazil. Material listed by Mielke et al. (2017): 17 ♂ 6 ♀ (including HT). Minas Gerais. São Roque de Minas, São José do Barreiro, 900 m: 1 ♂, 16–19.XI.1997, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 35.539; CGCM). Poços de Caldas, Morro do Cristo, 1500 m: 4 ♂, 6.XII.1987, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.380, 35.411, 35.479, 35.522; CGCM); 1 ♂, 4.XI.1987, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.407; CGCM); 16 ♂, 16.XI.1990, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 4.533, 28.329, 31.062, 38.425, 41.710, 43.025, 43.121, 43.198, 43.313, 43.438, 43.454, 43.506, 43.980, 44.228, 44.360, 44.510; CGCM); 3 ♂, 30.X.2001, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 42.568, 43.008, 43.181; CGCM); 1 ♂, 5.XI.2000, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 43.123; CGCM). Delfim Moreira, Barreira, 1519 m: 5 ♂, 28.XII.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 36.084, 36.178, 36.467, 36.468, 36.792; CGCM). São Paulo. São José do Barreiro, Bocaina, 1578 m: 3 ♂, 28.XI.2000, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 44.101; 44.142, 44.553; CGCM); 6 ♂, 5–7.XII.1988, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 39.290, 40.037, 40.068, 40.093, 40.100, 40.768; CGCM). Campos do Jordão, Lagoinha, 1500 m: 1 ♂, 14.II.1953, Travassos &amp; Travassos F. leg. (MZUSP). Campos do Jordão, Lavrinhas, 1900 m: 1 ♂, 27–28.XII.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.609); 4 ♂, 11–13.XII.1997, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 35.312, 35.518, 35.578, 35.646); 1 ♂, 19.I.1999, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 39.572). Campos do Jordão, 1700 m: 3 ♂, 5–12.I.2002, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 39.258, 39.718, 39.871). Delfim Moreira, Barreira, 1660 m: 1 ♀, 16.XII.1994, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 51.260; CGCM); 1 ♀, 28.XII.1994, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 49.501; CGCM).</p><p>Male (Pl. 5: Figs 1–3, Pl. 11: Fig. 5). Forewing length: 15–16 mm, wingspan: 32–34 mm (see Mielke et al. 2017). Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 16: Fig. 1, Pl. 20: Fig. 7). For details, see Mielke et al. (2017).</p><p>Female (Pl. 5: Fig. 4). Forewing length: 17–21 mm, wingspan: 35–45 mm (see Mielke et al. 2017). Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia. For details, see Mielke et al. (2017: Figs 20–21).</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Brazil between central-southern Minas Gerais and eastern São Paulo, at altitudes of 900 to 1900 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 2).</p><p>Remarks. Despite intensive summer collecting efforts over the last years in the type locality, no specimens have been collected. Generally, males are frequent at light in different localities. The great majority of the specimens examined show the phenotype in Pl. 5: Figs 1, 3. It is only sympatric and synchronic with C. simone sp. nov. within this species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF84D35F20E0B4EFE908F89E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF85D35920E0B3B7ECAFFB83.text	03EDC94DFF85D35920E0B3B7ECAFFB83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra bruna Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra bruna sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5A322056-9689-4587-B727-2C87C158CD05</p><p>Pl. 5: Figs 5–7, Pl. 11: Fig. 6, Pl. 13: Fig. 8, Pl. 16: Fig. 2, Pl. 20: Fig. 8, Pl. 23: Fig. 8, Pl. 24: Fig. 8</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 5: Fig. 7): / Brasil — PR [Paraná], Vila Velha, 900 m, 26.I.2005 (4), C. Mielke leg./ DZ 15.559 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra bruna C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP) .</p><p>Paratypes (in total 23 ♂, 3 ♀). Brazil. Paraná. Ortigueira, 800 m: 1 ♂, 27.II.2003, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 6.971 [JX215649]; CGCM). Carambeí, 1050 m: 1 ♂, 29.I.2005, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 22.836 [JX215645]; CGCM); 1 ♀, 2.III.2012 (CGCM 24.969 [JX215589]; CGCM); 1 ♀, 28.I.2006 (CGCM 22.876 [GU661545]; CGCM). Ponta Grossa, Nova Rússia, 900 m: 1 ♂, 4.II.2005, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 29.049; CGCM) . Same data as holotype: 3 ♂ (CGCM 22.924, 43.647, 44.204; CGCM) . Same locality and collector as holotype: 5 ♂ 1 ♀, 10.II.2012 (CGCM 11.303, 22.917, 23.020 [GU661547], 24.722, 24.874, 24.987 [JX215611]; CGCM); 1 ♂, 26.I.2005 (CGCM 22.700; CGCM) ; 9 ♂, 30.I.2005 (CGCM 21.460, 22.812, 22.860, 22.972, 23.036, 23.052, 23.100, 23.281 [GU661546], 44.098; CGCM). Curitiba, 900 m: 1 ♂, 27.I.1975, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 15.920; CGCM) ; 1 ♂, 7.II.1975 (CGCM 15.624; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Easily distinguished by its congeners of the pluriargenteus species-group by the tergal lobes being enlarged at base with a digitiform ventro-posterior process on each side (Pl. 16: Fig. 2; see arrow), and the absence of an epiphysis. In C. pluriargenteus, the tergal lobe is not enlarged at base, the ventro-posterior processes are triangular and tapered (Pl. 16: Fig. 1; see arrow), and the epiphysis is present. The base of the HW is much lighter in C. pluriargenteus than in C. bruna sp. nov. These two species are reciprocally allopatric.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 5: Fig. 7, Pl. 11: Fig. 6). Forewing length: 14–18 mm, wingspan: 28–34 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 16: Fig. 2, Pl. 20: Fig. 8). Tergal lobes basally enlarged, protruded anteriorly with a ventro-posterior digitiform process. Tegumen slightly S-shaped. Pseudotegumen projected postero-dorsally, ventrally expanded, reinforced, and ribbed medially. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, as wide as long.</p><p>Female (Pl. 5: Figs 5–6, Pl. 13: Fig. 8). Forewing length: 20–21 mm, wingspan: 40–42 mm.</p><p>Female genitalia (Pl. 23: Fig. 8, Pl. 24: Fig. 8). Lamella antevaginalis slightly sclerotized, with its latero-posterior dorsal edge densely sclerotised and sharply produced as a triangular process. Ductus bursae as long as the pyriform corpus bursae.</p><p>Distribution. Central-eastern Paraná, southern Brazil, at altitudes between approximately 800 to 1050 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Bruna F. Maestri, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Cibyra bruna sp. nov. is known from a few localities within the Campos Gerais region in Paraná, and is allopatric to all other members of this species-group. All records are from the summer season.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF85D35920E0B3B7ECAFFB83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF82D35820E0B1D9EDFEFA98.text	03EDC94DFF82D35820E0B1D9EDFEFA98.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra simone Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra simone sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BBE0A039-1180-48ED-8E6A-E1275991C3EC</p><p>Pl. 5: Figs 8–12, Pl. 11: Fig. 7, Pl. 16: Fig. 3, Pl. 20: Fig. 9</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 5: Fig. 8): / Brazil — São Paulo (SP), Campos do Jordão, 1898 m, 7.II.1988 (30). R. Koike leg., W 45°25'39", S 22°43'10"/ DZ 15.622/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra simone C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 6 ♂ 1 ♀). Brazil. Minas Gerais. Delfim Moreira, Barreira, 1400 m: 1 ♂, 4.XI.2001, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 44.333; CGCM) . São Paulo. Sapucaí Mirim, Cidade Azul, 1400 m: 1 ♂, 7.XI.1953, Travassos, F. &amp;. M. Kuhlmann, C. Gans &amp; S. Medeiros leg. (MZUSP) . Same locality and collector as holotype: 1 ♂, 15.I.2000 (CGCM 44.059; CGCM) . Salesópolis, Boraceia, 800 m: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 24.I.1968, Ric., Travassos &amp; Travassos F. leg. (MZUSP) . Paraná. Quatro Barras, Banhado, 800 m: 1 ♂, 7.II.1970, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 46.774; CGCM) ; 1 ♂, 27.II.1970, Laroca &amp; V.O. Becker (CGCM 15.535; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Easily distinguished from all congeners in the pluriargenteus species-group by the shorter antennae in males due to smaller distances between each flagellomere (Pl. 5: Figs 8–11), and the tergal lobes are enlarged basally only, without any process (Pl. 16: Fig. 3; see upper arrow). The valvae are broader and much less apically curved (Pl. 16: Fig. 3; see lower arrow).</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 5: Figs 8–11, Pl. 11: Fig. 7). Forewing length: 13–15 mm, wingspan: 29–32 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia. (Pl. 16: Fig. 3, Pl. 20: Fig. 9). Tergal lobes basally enlarged basally. Tegumen slightly S-shaped. Pseudotegumen projected postero-dorsally, ventrally expanded, reinforced, and ribbed medially. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, 1.2× wide as long.</p><p>Female (Pl. 5: Fig. 12). Forewing length: 23 mm, wingspan: 46 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo to eastern Paraná, southeastern and southern Brazil, at altitudes ranging between approximately 800 to 1898 m (Pl. 26: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Simone L. da Costa, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Despite intensive collecting efforts in areas where C. simone sp. nov. is known to be present, few specimens are known. Records from late spring to late summer suggest a broad flight period. It is only sympatric and synchronic with C. pluriargenteus within this species-group.</p><p>f) Species-group: dorita . Five species: C. dorita, C. verresi, C. danieli, C. forsteri, and C. zischkai .</p><p>All members share tapered,thumb-shaped or digitiform valvae, along with an anteriorly expanded pseudotegumen. In addition, by: i) fultura inferior about 1.0 to 1.5× longer than wide, slightly cup-shaped; ii) male sternite VIII rectangular and mesally notched posteriorly; iii) tegumen extended beyond articulation with saccus; iv) in the two species examined ( C. dorita and C. verresi), phallus as long as the genital apparatus with a rounded distal bladder, and; v) lateral plates of the lamella antevaginalis with mesal corner projected.</p><p>Distribution. Bolivia, northwestern Argentina, and the coastal and mainland between São Paulo in southeastern Brazil and Santa Catarina in southern Brazil at altitudes between about 800 and 2600 m. There are no records between these two main areas, indicating a disjunct distribution (Pl. 27: Fig. 1; Pl. 28: Fig. 1).</p><p>Remarks. Future examinations of the phallus will be critical to confirm the inclusion of C. danieli, C. forsteri, and C. zischkai in this species-group, but due to the Euparal preparations of the genitalia, this structure is not visible. Based on the shape of the valvae, the expansion of the pseudotegumen anteriorly, and the shape of the fultura inferior as stated above, they are provisionally assigned to this species-group.</p><p>Key for species based on males</p><p>1) FW with a golden, transverse and somewhat arched or sinuate, line...................................... C. verresi FW not as above..................................................................................... 2</p><p>2) FW mottled, ground colour orange with disperse golden marking........................................ C. dorita FW not as above..................................................................................... 3</p><p>3) FW with postdiscal band dark brown (Viette 1961), ground colour dark orange............................. C. danieli FW without postdiscal band (Viette 1961)................................................................. 4</p><p>4) FW ground colour tawny-ochraceous (Viette 1961).................................................. C. forsteri FW ground colour red copper (Viette 1961)........................................................ C. zischkai</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF82D35820E0B1D9EDFEFA98	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF83D35A20E0B0E6EBB0FAEB.text	03EDC94DFF83D35A20E0B0E6EBB0FAEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra dorita Schaus 1901	<div><p>Cibyra dorita Schaus, 1901</p><p>Pl. 6: Figs 1–3, Pl. 11: Fig. 8, Pl. 13: Fig. 9, Pl. 16: Fig. 4, Pl. 21: Fig. 1, Pl. 23: Fig. 9, Pl. 24: Fig. 9</p><p>Cibyra dorita: Schaus (1901: 76); [♂], [Brazil], Parana, Castro; [GP Viette no. 91516, type no. 18607]; USNM (examined).— Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 136); syn.: Cibyra helga (Schaus, 1929), Cibyra poltrona Schaus, 1901; lectotype ♂ with the following labels: /Castro, Parana / Cibyra dorita type Schaus/ Type n°. 18607 USNM/ Genitalia slide P. Viette USNM 91516/ Photo, det. E. S. Nielsen 1984/.— Grehan (2012: 4, 23; figs (valva, venation)).— Favretto (2016: 72).— Grehan et al. (2023: 75); syn.: Cibyra helga (Schaus, 1929), Cibyra poltrona Schaus, 1901 .</p><p>= Cibyra poltrona Schaus (1901: 77); [♀], [Brazil], Parana, Castro; [GP P. Viette no. 91515, type no. 18605]; USNM (examined).— Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 136); as a synonym of Cibyra dorita Schaus, 1901 .— Grehan et al. (2023: 75); as a synonym of Cibyra dorita Schaus, 1901 .</p><p>= Aepytus helga Schaus (1929: 55; fig. 22 (♀ dorsal)); [holo] type ♀, Brazil, Santa Catarina, [II. 1922, E. D. Jones leg.]; [GP P. Viette 91522], type no. 33544; USNM (examined) [holotype ♀ with the following labels: / Santa Catharina, Brazil, II.22, E.D.Jones/ Type No. 33544 U.S. N.M./ E.D.Jones Donor/ Aepytus helga, type Schaus/ Genitalia Slide, By P. Viette, USNM 91,522/ Photo, det E.S. Nielsen 1984/ Photograph on file, USNM/].— Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 136); as a synonym of Cibyra dorita Schaus, 1901 .</p><p>Hepialus (Cibyra) dorita: Pfitzner (1937: 1292).</p><p>Hepialus (Hepialus) helga: Pfitzner (1937: 1291).</p><p>Hepialus (Cibyra) poltrona: Pfitzner (1937: 1293).</p><p>Xytrops dorita: Viette (1951c: 1277).</p><p>Aepytus (Xytrops) dorita: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Aepytus (Aepytus) helga: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 19).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Aepytus (Cibyra) poltrona: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Cibyra (Xytrops) dorita: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).</p><p>Cibyra (Aepytus) helga: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).</p><p>Cibyra (Cibyra) poltrona: Nielsen et al. (2000: 843).</p><p>Diagnosis. This and the following species are one of the few within Cibyra that can be identified without dissection. Males of C. dorita bears a forewing ground colour orange with dispersed golden markings.</p><p>Examined material (in total 32 ♂ 7 ♀): All primary types. Brazil. Paraná. Tibagi, Guartelá, 960 m: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 20.I.2012, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 24.038, 25.041; CGCM); 1 ♂, 2.III.2012, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 25.083 [JX215659]; CGCM). Tibagi, Fortuna, 750 m: 1 ♂, 6.II.2004, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 9.098 [JX215654]; CGCM). Ponta Grossa, Vila Velha, 900 m: 1 ♂, 30.I.1999, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 23.163 [GU661548]; CGCM); 3 ♂, 26.I.2005, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 22.748, 22.796, 22.940; CGCM); 1 ♂, 10.II.2002, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 25.530 [JX215657]; CGCM). Curitiba, 920 m: 1 ♂, 28.XII.1974, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 15.657; CGCM); 1 ♂, 8.I.1975, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 15.425; CGCM); 1 ♂, 16.I.1975, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 15.847; CGCM); 3 ♂, 4–7.II.1975, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 15.216, 15.278, 15.709; CGCM). Rio Negro: 1 ♂, 22.II.1968, O. Mielke leg. (DZ 15.527; DZUP); 1 ♀, 26.III.1968, O. Mielke leg. (DZ 15.650; DZUP). General Carneiro, 25 km SW, 1300: 3 ♂, 10.I.1998 (CGCM 39.333, 39.404, 39.604; CGCM). Santa Catarina. São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 450–550 m: 1 ♂, 1.I.1997, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.553; CGCM); 1 ♀, 17.I.1998, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.284; CGCM); 1 ♂, 3.I.2004, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 14.902 [JX215660]; CGCM); 1 ♀, 15.I.2004, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 14.502 [JX215655]; CGCM); 1 ♂, 30.XII.1986, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 39.358; CGCM). São Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, 700–800 m: 2 ♂, 19.XII.1991, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.656, 7.850; CGCM); 1 ♂, 19.I.1992, I. Rank &amp; O. Mielke leg. (CGCM 6.527; CGCM); 1 ♂, 28.I.1999, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 25.583; CGCM); 1 ♂, 7.I.2000, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.496 [JX215658]; CGCM); 2 ♂, 18–20.I.2005, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 19.866, 19.994 [JX215656]; CGCM); 1 ♂, I.2004, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 30.156; CGCM); Bom Jardim da Serra, Serra do Rio do Rastro, 1100 m: 1 ♂, 26.II.2001, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 23.860 [GU661535]; CGCM). Rio Grande do Sul. São José dos Ausentes, Silveiras, 1200 m: 1 ♀, 28–31.I.2000, A. Moser leg. (CGCM 36.075 [GU661618]; CGCM).</p><p>Male (Pl. 6: Figs 1, 3, Pl. 11: Fig. 8). Forewing length: 11–19 mm, wingspan: 24–37 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 16: Fig. 4, Pl. 21: Fig. 1). Tergal lobes triangular, enlarged at base with a meso-posterior triangular process. Saccus expanded anteriorly, posterior edge concave. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Valvae robust, thumb-like, inner surface with ridges. Distal bladder of phallus, when everted, rounded with a dorsal protrusion.</p><p>Female (Pl. 6: Fig. 2, Pl. 13: Fig. 9). Forewing length: 20–24 mm, wingspan: 43–50 mm.</p><p>Female genitalia (Pl. 23: Fig. 9, Pl. 24: Fig. 9). Lamella antevaginalis mesally separated into two plates apart from a minute antero-ventral fusion (Pl. 23: Fig. 9; see arrow); mesal corners densely sclerotised, conical, sharply produced. Ductus bursae 1/2 length of pyriform corpus bursae.</p><p>Distribution. Southeastern Paraná to northeastern Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil (Pl. 27: Fig. 1).</p><p>Remarks. Irrespective of the quantity of gold markings, the FW, has a very uniform ground colour. Only sympatric and synchronic with C. verresi within this species-group. A single and disjunct record from São Paulo needs confirmation as it expands the northeastern range by about 500 km.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF83D35A20E0B0E6EBB0FAEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFF81D36520E0B0F1EB66FB7B.text	03EDC94DFF81D36520E0B0F1EB66FB7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra verresi (Schaus 1929)	<div><p>Cibyra verresi (Schaus, 1929)</p><p>Pl. 6: Figs 4–8, Pl. 11: Fig. 9, Pl. 13: Fig. 10, Pl. 16: Fig. 5, Pl. 21: Fig. 2, Pl. 23: Fig. 10, Pl. 24: Fig. 10</p><p>Aepytus verresi Schaus (1929: 56; fig. 23 (♂ dorsal)); [holo-] type ♂, Brazil, Santa Catarina, [2. IV. 1924, E. D. Jones leg.]; [GP</p><p>P. Viette no. 91523], type no. 33546; USNM (examined) [holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Santa Catharina, Brazil,</p><p>2.IV.24, E.D.Jones / Type No 33546, U.S. N.M/ E.D.Jones Donor / Aepytus verresi type Schaus/ Genitalia Slide, By P. Viette ,</p><p>USNM 91,523/ Photo, det E.S. Nielsen, 1984/]. Dalaca verresi: Pfitzner (1937: 1296). Aepytus (Xytrops) verresi: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 20).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17). Cibyra (Xytrops) verresi: Nielsen et al. (2000: 843). Cibyra verresi: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137).— Favretto (2016: 72).— Grehan et al. (2023: 78).</p><p>Diagnosis. Distinguished from all congeners by the gold transverse, slightly arched and sinuate, line on the male FW.</p><p>Examined material (in total 93 ♂ 3 ♀). Brazil. Paraná. General Carneiro, 25 km SW, 1300 m: 1 ♂, 27.I.1998, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 35.904; CGCM). Santa Catarina. 1 ♂, holotype. Urubici, Morro da Igreja, 1370 m: 1 ♂, 27–29.XII.1987, Miers &amp; C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 990; CGCM); 1 ♂, 15–18.III.1988, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 36.158; CGCM); 2 ♂, 13–19.II.1999, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 22.688, 22.750; CGCM); 2 ♀, 1–2.II.1989, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 42.772, 43.070; CGCM). Urubici, Santa Bárbara, 1360 m: 31 ♂, 1 ♀, 1– 3.II.1989, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 28.656, 38.835, 38.861, 39.239, 39.240, 39.245, 39.248, 39.307, 39.352, 39.403, 39.418, 39.420, 39.429, 39.456. 39.483, 39.524, 39.571, 39.708, 39.715, 39.719, 39.731, 39.744, 39.760, 39.804, 39.881, 39.902, 39.903, 39.905, 39.907, 39.927, 39.959, 39.986; CGCM); 2 ♂, 25–27.XII.1989, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 40.856, 41.569; CGCM); 2 ♂, 24–26.I.1990, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 44.166, 44.436; CGCM); 1 ♂, 8.I.1992, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 43.214; CGCM); 14 ♂, 3–5.II.1992, C. Mielke &amp; E. Joerke leg. (CGCM 40.102, 40.850, 42.765, 42.944, 43.498, 43.565, 43.657, 43.736, 43.759, 43.867, 44.053, 44.061, 44.361, 44.364). Urupema, Morro das Antenas, 1300 m: 1 ♂, II.2005 (CGCM 33.201; CGCM). São Joaquim, 1400 m: 5 ♂, 22–24.I.1983, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 14.281, 14.495, 15.336, 15.739, 15.974; CGCM); 2 ♂, 2.II.1993, V. O. Becker leg. (CGCM 14.295, 15.817; CGCM). Rio Grande do Sul. Cambará do Sul, Aparados da Serra, 950 m: 17 ♂, 20–22.II.1988, A. Moser leg. (CGCM 5.547, 35.265, 35.360, 35.392, 35.513, 35.612, 35.633, 35.700, 35.715, 35.763, 35.766, 35.772, 35.783, 35.837, 35.942, 43.184, 43.260; CGCM). Cambará do Sul, Estância Cambará, 1.040 m: 8 ♂, 1–4.I.2005, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 22.420 [JX215696], 22.483 [JX215695], 22.532, 22.579, 22.596, 22.708, 22.724, 22.787 [JX215697]; CGCM); 2 ♂, 24.II.2005, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 23.455, 23.498; CGCM). São José dos Ausentes, Silveiras, 1200 m: 1 ♂, 1–3.I.1997, A. Moser leg. (CGCM 25.027; CGCM); 1 ♂, 28–31.I.2000, A. Moser leg. (CGCM 35.658; CGCM).</p><p>Male (Pl. 6: Figs 4, 6, Pl. 11: Fig. 9). Forewing length: 12–18 mm, wingspan: 24–36 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 16: Fig. 5, Pl. 21: Fig. 2). Tergal lobes triangular, enlarged basally, with a meso-posterior triangular process. Tegumen weakly sinuate. Valvae robust, thumb-like, inner surface with ridges. Distal bladder of phallus, when everted, rounded with two subtle protrusions dorsally and two ventrally.</p><p>Female (Pl. 6: Figs 5, 7–8, Pl. 13: Fig. 10). Forewing length: 18–24 mm, wingspan: 37–48 mm.</p><p>Female genitalia (Pl. 23: Fig. 10, Pl. 24: Fig. 10). Lamella antevaginalis mesally separated into two plates, except by short and narrow antero-ventral fusion; latero-posterior dorsal edge densely sclerotised, digitiform. Ductus bursae 1/4 length of pyriform corpus bursae.</p><p>Distribution. Central-southern Paraná to northeastern Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil, at altitudes between about 1000 and 1400 m (Pl. 27: Fig. 1).</p><p>Remarks. Cibyra verresi can often be observed at light traps in late summer. In contrast to other species of the group, the FW ground colour varies from dark to orangish-brown, although the second phenotype is much less frequent. Only sympatric and synchronic with C. dorita within this species-group. Endemic to higher areas of Paraná to the south and Santa Catarina to the southeast.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFF81D36520E0B0F1EB66FB7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFBED36420E0B181ECC3FEC7.text	03EDC94DFFBED36420E0B181ECC3FEC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra danieli (Viette 1961)	<div><p>Cibyra danieli (Viette, 1961)</p><p>Pl. 6: Figs 9–10, Pl. 16: Fig. 6</p><p>Aepytus danieli Viette (1961: 2; fig. 2 ([holotype] gen.)); holotype ♂, Argentina, Jujuy, Yala, 1450 m, 20. II. 1955, Juan Foerster leg.; GP P. Viette no. 3789; ZSBS (examined). Holotype ♂ with the following labels: Type/ Holotypus, Aepytus danieli Vtte, Zool. Staatssammlung München / Staatsslg. München, Argentinien, Prov. Jujuy, Yala, 1450 m, 20.II.[19]55, leg. Juan Foerster/ Specimen photog, Checklist Aust Lep [sic], Film 169/33/ P. E. L. Viette det. 1960, Aepytus danieli n. sp. ♂, Holotype P. Viette/ Genitalia ♂, P. Viette, Prép. no. 3789.</p><p>Aepytus (Aepytus) danieli: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 19).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Cibyra (Aepytus) danieli: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).</p><p>Cibyra danieli: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 136).— Grehan et al. (2023: 75).</p><p>Diagnosis. This and the next two species have very similar male genitalia, and differences cannot be identified other than the fultura inferior being longer than wide in C. danieli and C. forsteri, while in C. zischkai it is as long as wide. In the original description, Viette (1961) only refers to the ornamentation of the male FW to separate these species as stated in the key cited above.</p><p>Examined material (in total 1 ♂ 1 ♀). Argentina. Jujuy . 1 ♂ (HT), 1 ♀ (PT), same data as HT .</p><p>Male (Pl. 6: Fig. 10). Forewing length: 13.5 mm, wingspan: 29 mm (Viette 1961).</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 16: Fig. 6). Saccus with concave posterior edge. Tegumen rectangular, slightly curved. Tergal lobes not observed. Pseudotegumen anteriorly wider than posteriorly. Fultura inferior bilobed dorsally, trapezoidal, 1.2× longer than wide. Valvae digitiform. Phallus not observed.</p><p>Female (Pl. 6: Fig. 9). Forewing length: 21 mm, wingspan: 43 mm (Viette 1961).</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the type locality only (Pl. 28: Fig. 1).</p><p>Remarks. Cibyra danieli is only known from the type-series, the HT male and the PT female. The inclusion of this and the next two within dorita species-group is in reference to the expansion of the pseudotegumen anteriorly and the cup-shaped fultura inferior that is generally longer than wide, except for C. zischkai .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFBED36420E0B181ECC3FEC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFBFD36420E0B41DEBE5FD1C.text	03EDC94DFFBFD36420E0B41DEBE5FD1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra forsteri (Viette 1961)	<div><p>Cibyra forsteri (Viette, 1961)</p><p>Pl. 6: Fig. 11, Pl. 16: Fig. 7</p><p>Aepytus forsteri Viette (1961: 1; fig. 1 ([holotype] gen.)); holotype ♂, Bolivia, Cochabamba, 2600 m, 10. XI. 1956, R. Zischka leg.; GP P. Viette no. 3552; ZSBS (examined). Holotype ♂ with the following labels: Type/ Holotypus, Aepytus forsteri Vtte, Zool. Staatssammlung München / Staatsslg. München, Bolivia, Cochabamba, 2600 m, 10.XI.[19]56, leg. R. Zischkai / Specimen photog, Checklist Aust Lep [sic], Film 169/34/ P. E. L. Viette det. 1960, Aepytus forsteri n. sp. ♂, Holotype P. Viette/ Genitalia ♂, P. Viette, Prép. no. 3552.</p><p>Aepytus (Aepytus) forsteri: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 19).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Cibyra (Aepytus) forsteri: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).</p><p>Cibyra forsteri: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137).— Grehan et al. (2023: 76).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFBFD36420E0B41DEBE5FD1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFBFD36420E0B1D0EBECFA21.text	03EDC94DFFBFD36420E0B1D0EBECFA21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra zischkai (Viette 1961)	<div><p>Cibyra zischkai (Viette, 1961)</p><p>Pl. 6: Fig. 12, Pl. 16: Fig. 8</p><p>Aepytus zischkai Viette (1961: 2; fig. 3 ([holotype] ♂ gen.)); holotype ♂, Bolivia, Cochabamba, 2600 m, 5. XII. 1954, R. Zischka leg.; GP P. Viette no. 3788; ZSBS (examined). Holotype ♂ with the following labels: Type/ Holotypus, Aepytus zischkai Vtte, Zool. Staatssammlung München / Staatsslg. München, Bolivia, Cochabamba, 2600 m, 5.XII.[19]57, leg. R. Zischkai / Specimen photog, Checklist Aust Lep [sic], Film 169/35/ P. E. L. Viette det. 1960, Aepytus zischkai n. sp. ♂, Holotype P. Viette/ Genitalia ♂, P. Viette, Prép. no. 3788.</p><p>Aepytus (Aepytus) zischkai: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 19).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17).</p><p>Cibyra (Aepytus) zischkai: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842).</p><p>Cibyra zischkai: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137).— Grehan et al. (2023: 79).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFBFD36420E0B1D0EBECFA21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFBCD36120E0B48DE93DFD17.text	03EDC94DFFBCD36120E0B48DE93DFD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra jurate Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra jurate sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 55598CE5-C373-402B-B4A8-6635A4137468</p><p>Pl. 7: Figs 1–7, Pl. 11: Fig. 10, Pl. 13: Figs 11–12, Pl. 17: Figs 1–3, Pl. 21: Fig. 3, Pl. 23: Figs 11–12, Pl. 24: Fig. 11</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 7: Fig. 2): / BRAZIL — Minas Gerais (MG), São Roque de Minas, São José do Barreiro, 900 m, 16.–19.XI.2017, 20°18'36.19"S, 46°32'25.45"W, C. Mielke leg./ DZ 52.648/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra jurate C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 55 ♂ 8 ♀): Brazil. Minas Gerais. Juiz de Fora: 2 ♂, 7.XI.2000, N. Tangerini leg. (CGCM 24.827, 24.923; CGCM) . Nova Lima, 850 m : 1 ♀, 8.X.1985, V.O. Becker leg. (CGCM 15.487; CGCM); 1 ♂, 20.X.1994, V.O. Becker leg. (CGCM 14.392; CGCM) . Same data as holotype : 3 ♂ 1 ♀ (CGCM 35.271, 35.296, 35.528, 35.551; CGCM) . Same locality and collector as holotype : 1 ♀, 10.–13.X.1988 (CGCM 37.949; CGCM); 1 ♀, 7–8.XI.1988 (CGCM 38.898; CGCM); 2 ♂ 1 ♀, 8–11.XI.1991 (CGCM 42.675, 43.040, 44.271; CGCM) . Conceição dos Ouros, 800 m : 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 17.XI.1997, G. Almeida leg. (CGCM 35.357, 35.593; CGCM); 2 ♂, 8– 9.XI.2003, A. Pereira leg. (CGCM 27.430, 27.436; CGCM); 1 ♀, 19.XI.2003, A. Pereira leg. (CGCM 27.256; CGCM); 1 ♂, 22.XI.2003, A. Pereira leg. (CGCM 27.238; CGCM); 1 ♂, 21.X.2005, G. Almeida leg. (CGCM 20.002 [JX215647]; CGCM); 1 ♂, 30.XI.2005, G. Almeida leg. (CGCM 19.669 [JX215601]; CGCM). Conceição dos Ouros, Rio Sapucaí, 800 m : 13 ♂, X.1989, A. Pereira leg. (CGCM 42.576, 42.694, 42.717, 42.795, 42.867, 42.892, 42.939, 42.947, 42.949, 43.127, 44.179, 44.469, 49.867; CGCM); 5 ♂, X.1991, A. Pereira leg. (CGCM 43.659, 43.915, 43.968, 44.037, 44.486; CGCM) . Conceição dos Ouros, Alto da Serra Grande, 1365 m : 1 ♂, 25.X.2003, A. Pereira leg. (CGCM 8.310 [JX215606]; CGCM). Conceição dos Ouros, Chapada, 800 m : 1 ♂, 23.X.2003, A. Pereira leg. (CGCM 8.291; CGCM) . Rio de Janeiro. Nova Friburgo, Nova Friburgo, Mury, 1149 m: 13.I.1992, R. Koike leg. : 3 ♂ (CGCM 45.655, 45.796, 50.250; CGCM); 1 ♂, 25.I.1999, R. Koike leg. (CGCM 40.131; CGCM); 1 ♂, 28.XII.1999, R, Koike leg. (CGCM 40.187; CGCM) . Cachoeiras de Macacu, Boca do Mato, 400–600 m : 2 ♂, 13.X.1985, V.O. Becker leg. (CGCM 15.029; 15.359; CGCM); 1 ♂, 17–21.I.1996, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 20.227; CGCM); 1 ♂ 1 ♀, 24–25.I.1998, N. Tangerini leg. (CGCM 5.306 [JX215639], 22.843 [JX215607]; CGCM); 1 ♂, 18.IX.2010, N. Tangerini leg. (CGCM 11.866; CGCM) . Itatiaia: 1 ♂, 5.X.[19]28, Zikán leg. (Z 4.676; CEIOC) . Itatiaia, 900 m: 1 ♂, 16–18.X.1997, N. Tangerini leg. (CGCM 41.193; CGCM) . São Paulo. Arujá, Rd. dos Canjicas, 760 m, Koike leg: 6 ♂, 15.X.1997 (CGCM 24.023, 34.143, 39.271, 39.485, 39.510, 39.619; CGCM); 2 ♂, 19.X.1997 (CGCM 35.376, 35.369; CGCM); 1 ♂, 21.X.1997 (CGCM 34.173; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Among all Cibyra spp., C. jurate sp. nov. shares only the interrupted baso-central band on the male FW with members of the monoargenteus species-groups ( C. tessellata, C. elyana sp. nov., C. regina sp. nov., and C. jane sp. nov.), but it is easily distinguished by attributes of the male genitalia, especially the two digitiform meso-ventral diverticula on the phallus, whereas this is a single structure in the monoargenteus species-group.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 7: Fig. 2, 3–4, 7, Pl. 11: Fig. 10). Forewing length: 13–16 mm, wingspan: 26–33 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 17: Figs 1–3, Pl. 21: Fig. 3). Tergal lobes with a protrusion posteriorly. Posterior margin of saccus with mesal portion projected, latter concave or V-shaped. Tegumen slightly S-shaped.</p><p>PLATE 7. FIGURES 1−10. Cibyra spp. of jurate and julie species-group. Adults (dorsal): 1 (CGCM 43.040), 2 (CGCM 35.530), 3 (CGCM 42.949), 4 (CGCM 34.143), 5 (CGCM 27.256), 6 (CGCM 22.843), 7 (CGCM 45.655), 8 (CGCM 13.724), 9 (DZ 52.659), 10 (CGCM 6.427). Depositories of the specimens: 1, 3–8, 10 in CGCM; 2, 9 in DZUP.</p><p>Female (Pl. 7: Figs 1, 5–6, Pl. 13: Figs 11–12). Forewing length: 17–28 mm, wingspan: 33–53 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia. (Pl. 23: Figs 11–12, Pl. 24: Fig. 11). Lamella antevaginalis with mesal third less sclerotised then lateral; latter postero-dorsal edge densely sclerotised and spiniform. Ductus and corpus bursae with 2/5 and 3/5 of its total length.</p><p>Distribution. Central and eastern Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and eastern São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, at altitudes between about 700 and 1400 m (Pl. 27: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Jurate De Prins, a prominent lepidopterologist. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>h) Species-group: julie . One species: C. julie sp. nov.</p><p>Defined by the relatively short phallus, half length of the genital apparatus, and the robust and ribbed valvae (Pl. 17: Fig. 4). In addition, by: i) male sternite VIII uniformly sclerotised, rectangular and concave posteriorly; ii) tegumen extended beyond articulation with saccus, and; iii) pseudotegumen largely expanded ventrally.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the northeastern Santa Catarina in southern Brazil at an altitude of about 550 and 800 m (Pl. 27: Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFBCD36120E0B48DE93DFD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFBAD36020E0B66DEDFEFDA8.text	03EDC94DFFBAD36020E0B66DEDFEFDA8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra julie Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra julie sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6EACF7B1-4D68-4FFA-BEBD-C877E32C6562</p><p>Pl. 7: Figs 8–10, Pl. 11: Fig. 11, Pl. 17: Fig. 4, Pl. 21: Fig. 4</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 7: Fig. 9): 28.I.1997, Rio Natal, 550 m, São Bento do Sul, SC [ Santa Catarina], Brasil. A. Rank leg./ DZ 52.659/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra julie C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 4 ♂ 1 ♀): Brazil. Santa Catarina. Same locality as holotype : 1 ♂, II.2004, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 13.724); 1 ♂, I.2005, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 17.636). São Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, 800 m : 1 ♀, I.1996, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.427 [HM375844]); 1 ♂, 26.I.1999, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.467); 1 ♂, 28.I.2003, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.684) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of C. julie sp. nov. can be readily identified by the uniform ground colour of the FW with a lighter area on the anterior portion of the postmedial band. The male genitalia cannot be confused with any other congeneric species with respect to the posterior margin of the saccus being deeply concave mesally with two protrusions laterally. The edged valvae with an inner side ribbed are unique within the genus (Pl. 17: Fig. 4; see arrows).</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 7: Figs 8–9, Pl. 11: Fig. 11). Forewing length: 19–25 mm, wingspan: 37–49 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia. (Pl. 17: Fig. 4, Pl. 21: Fig. 4). Tergal lobes crab claw-shaped, setose basally with a spiniform process mesally. Saccus U-shaped, posterior edge bilobed, and mesally concave. Tegumen slightly S-shaped. Pseudotegumen expanded antero-ventrally, reinforced and ribbed medially. Fultura inferior rectangular, bilobed dorsally, slightly constricted meso-laterally.</p><p>Female (Pl. 7: Fig. 10). Forewing length: 39 mm, wingspan: 77 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the type locality only (Pl. 27: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Julie Schultz, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>i) Species-group: munona . Five species: C. agnes sp. nov., C. alina sp. nov., C. munona, C. volta sp. nov., and C. yumiko sp. nov.</p><p>In all members of this species-group, the posterior margin of the saccus is deeply concave along with an expansion of the inner wall of the saccus, which defines the species-group (Pl. 17: Figs 5–9). In addition the group can be recognized by: i) male sternite VIII trapezoidal, distally more sclerotised, posterior margin V-shaped; ii) tegumen not extended beyond the articulation with saccus; iii) valvae notably ribbed in its inner side and tapered distally, and; iv) phallus, when everted, bears on its distal portion two dorso-lateral and two globular meso-ventral diverticula on each side.</p><p>Distribution. Coastal and mainland between Goiás in central Brazil and the extreme south of Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil at altitudes between about 600 and 1400 m. The widest distribution of all species-groups, occurring in the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest (Pl. 28: Fig. 2).</p><p>Key for species based on males</p><p>1) Pseudotegumen projected antero-ventrally................................................................. 2 Pseudotegumen regular................................................................................ 3</p><p>2) Emargination of posterior margin of saccus occupying 1/5 of saccus width......................... C. yumiko sp. nov. Emargination of posterior margin of saccus occupying 1/3 of saccus width............................... C. munona</p><p>3) FW postdiscal band or line not clearly marked, golden markings conspicuous........................ C. volta sp. nov. FW postdiscal band or line clearly marked, golden markings not conspicuous..................................... 4</p><p>4) Tergal lobes protruded, posterior margin of saccus V-shaped...................................... C. agnes sp. nov. Tergal lobes not protruded, posterior margin of saccus U-shaped.................................. C. alina sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFBAD36020E0B66DEDFEFDA8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFBBD36020E0B7B6EA5DFBE1.text	03EDC94DFFBBD36020E0B7B6EA5DFBE1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra munona (Schaus 1929)	<div><p>Cibyra munona (Schaus, 1929)</p><p>Pl. 8: Figs 1–4, Pl. 12: Fig. 1, Pl. 17: Fig. 5, Pl. 21: Fig. 5</p><p>Aepytus munona Schaus (1929: 56; fig. 21 (♂ dorsal)); [holo-] type ♂, Brazil, Santa Catarina, [II. 1922, E. D. Jones leg.]; [GP</p><p>P. Viette no. 91521], type no. 33545; USNM (examined) [holotype ♂ with the following labels: / Santa Catharina, Brazil,</p><p>II.22, E.D.Jones / Type No 33545, U.S. N.M/ E.D.Jones Donor / Aepytus munona type Schaus/ Genitalia Slide, By P. Viette ,</p><p>USNM 91,521/ Photo, det E.S. Nielsen, 1984/ Photograph, on file, USNM/ USNMENT 01476194]. Hepialus (Hepialus) munona: Pfitzner (1937: 1291). Aepytus (Aepytus) munona: Nielsen &amp; Robinson (1983: 19).— Robinson &amp; Nielsen (1984: 17). Cibyra (Aepytus) munona: Nielsen et al. (2000: 842). Cibyra munona: Mielke &amp; Grehan (2012: 137).— Favretto (2016: 72).— Grehan et al. (2023: 76). Aepytus munoa [sic]: Favretto (2016: 72).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFBBD36020E0B7B6EA5DFBE1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFBBD36220E0B382ECA4FD1C.text	03EDC94DFFBBD36220E0B382ECA4FD1C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra yumiko Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra yumiko sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 58E24BDB-525E-4548-8CEC-6CA6FCE85B46</p><p>Pl. 8: Figs 5–7, Pl. 12: Fig. 2, Pl. 17: Fig. 6, Pl. 21: Fig. 6</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 8: Fig. 6): /Brasil-RS [Rio Grande do Sul], Morro Redondo, 19.III.2009, SIEWERT, R.R. [leg.]/ 24.096 Col. C. Mielke / BC-CGCM/ DZ 52.638 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra yumiko C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP) .</p><p>PLATE 8. FIGURES 1−13. Cibyra spp. of munona species-group. Adults (dorsal): 1 (CGCM 47.728), 2 (CGCM 47.507), 3 (CGCM 47.671), 4 (CGCM 46.033), 5 (CGCM 39.587), 6 (CGCM 24.096), 7 (CGCM 24.940), 8 (CGCM 24.847), 9 (CGCM 41.581), 10 (CGCM 51.823), 11 (DZ 52.708), 12 (CGCM 13.907), 13 (CGCM 46.938). Depositories of the specimens: 1–5, 7, 9, 13 in CGCM; 6, 8, 11, 12 in DZUP; 10 in CEIOC.</p><p>Paratypes (in total 10 ♂): Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul. Same data as holotype: 2 ♂ (CGCM 24.425, 24.649; DZUP) . Piratini, Passo da Invernada, 250–300m: 1 ♂, 26–27.III.1999, Prestes &amp; Moser leg. (CGCM 24.940; CGCM) . Canguçu: 1 ♂, 10–18.III.2018, V.O. Becker leg (CGCM 39.587; CGCM) . Argentina. Entre Ríos. Colón, Parque Nacional El Palmar, Intendencia, 31°52‘7.57“S, 58°12‘30.13“W, 30 m, Núñez Bustos, C. Kopuchian &amp; N. Garcia leg.: 1 ♂, 3.III.2011 (MACN-En 24561; MACN) ; 4 ♂, 6.III.2011 (MACN-En 24587, 24629, 24636, 25343; MACN); 1 ♂, 9.III.2011 (MACN-En 24607; MACN) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This and the previous species are unique among Cibyra in having a pronounced mesal antero-ventral projection of the pseudotegumen (Pl. 17: Figs 5–6; see upper arrow). However, C. yumiko sp. nov. can be distinguished by the emargination of the posterior margin of saccus, occupying 1/5 of saccus width, while 1/ 3 in C. munona, thus wider in the latter (Pl. 17: Figs 5–6; see arrows), and by the tergal lobes not protruding, in contrast to C. munona .</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 8: Figs 5–7, Pl. 12: Fig. 2). Forewing length: 11–16 mm, wingspan: 26–33 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 17: Fig. 6, Pl. 21: Fig. 6). Tergal lobes not protruded. Saccus with posterior edge notched mesally, occupying about 1/5 of its total length. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Pseudotegumen expanded and projected ventrally, ribbed ventro-anteriorly. Fultura inferior cup-like, distally bilobed, and 1.1 times longer than wide.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known from a few places in southeastern Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil (Pl. 28: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of the late Yumiko Miyashita, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. The relatively small type series has revealed that this new species shows different phenotypes, especially concerning the FW inner area, greyish-white and orangish-brown, and postdiscal band or line, white or dark brown. This variation is also found in the similar C. munona . Allopatric to all congenerics.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFBBD36220E0B382ECA4FD1C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFB9D36220E0B679E893F91C.text	03EDC94DFFB9D36220E0B679E893F91C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra agnes Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra agnes sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A0444EEF-A871-46A2-B86E-444C4963E69B</p><p>Pl. 8: Figs 8–9, Pl. 12: Fig. 3, Pl. 17: Fig. 7, Pl. 21: Fig. 7</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 8: Fig. 8): BRAZIL —MG [Minas Gerais], Nat. Pk. Caparaó, Tronqueira, 20.XI.2017, 1994 m, R. Koike leg., 20°24'38"S 41°50'07"W / 24.847 Col. C. Mielke / DZ 52.628 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra agnes C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP) .</p><p>Paratypes (in total 10 ♂): Brazil. Minas Gerais. Diamantina, Guinda 7 km SW, 1288 m: 4 ♂, 25.X.1989, C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 41.222, 41.493, 41.521, 41.581; CGCM). Santana do Riacho, Alto Palácio, 1336 m: 4 ♂, Rio Miguel Quicé, 3–8.X.1959, Travassos &amp; Pearson leg. (Z 4744, 47464750, 4753; CEIOC); 1 ♂, 13.X.2023, E. Joerke &amp; C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 48.372; CEIOC). Nova Lima: 1 ♂, 18.XI.1997, (CGCM 35.670; CGCM).</p><p>Diagnosis. This member can be easily distinguished from all congenerics by the configuration of the FW postdiscal line, which is dark grey within or without a light grey band, and with or without a whitish-grey inner area. The male genitalia are similar to the next two species and are discussed under C. volta sp. nov.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 8: Figs 8–9, Pl. 12: Fig. 3). Forewing length: 11–17 mm, wingspan: 26–34 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 17: Fig. 7, Pl. 21: Fig. 7). Tergal lobes protruded posteriorly. Saccus with posterior edge V-shaped mesally. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Pseudotegumen expanded ventrally, ribbed ventro-anteriorly. Fultura inferior cup-shaped, slightly wider than longer, constricted laterally, distally bilobed.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. All records of the new species come from upland habitats (above 1200 m) in central and southeastern Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil, where grasslands are associated with forest in Brazil (Pl. 28: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Agnès Porion, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. As the previous species, the small type series has revealed different phenotypes, especially variation in FW ground colour, ranging between orangish-brown and brown. Only sympatric and synchronic with C. alina sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFB9D36220E0B679E893F91C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFB9D36D20E0B279EBE3FD17.text	03EDC94DFFB9D36D20E0B279EBE3FD17.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra alina Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra alina sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4BA3D347-8695-4D76-B886-3019EB48D031</p><p>Pl. 8: Figs 10–11, Pl. 12: Fig. 4, Pl. 17: Fig. 8, Pl. 21: Fig. 8</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 8: Fig. 11): BRAZIL – Minas Gerais (MG), Catas Altas, Santuário do Caraça, Campos de Fora, 1497 m, 10.X.2023, 20°7'5.76"S, 43°31'17.25"W, E. Joerke &amp; C. Mielke leg./ DZ 52.708/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra alina C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 3 ♂ 1 ♀): Brazil. Minas Gerais. Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Alto Palácio: 1 ♂, 1043 m, 23.XI.1989, E. Joerke &amp; C. Mielke leg. (CGCM 40.966; CGCM) ; 1 ♂, Rio Miguel Quicé, 3–8.X.1959, 1300 m, Travassos &amp; Pearson leg. (Z 4752). Catas Altas: 1 ♂, same data as HT (CGCM 49.970; CEIOC) . Santa Bárbara, Santuário do Caraça: 1 ♀, Tanque Grande, 1278 m, 12–16.XI.2023, E. Pereira leg. (CGCM 51.823; CEIOC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Easily distinguished from all congenerics by the configuration of the FW postdiscal band, which is dark grey with light whitish tiny dots. The male genitalia are discussed under the next species.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 8: Fig. 11, Pl. 12: Fig. 4). Forewing length: 13–17 mm, wingspan: 27–33 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 17: Fig. 8, Pl. 21: Fig. 8). Tergal lobes not protruding posteriorly. Saccus with posterior edge U-shaped mesally. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Pseudotegumen expanded ventrally, ribbed ventro-anteriorly. Fultura inferior cup-shaped as long as wide, constricted laterally, distally bilobed.</p><p>Female (Pl. 8: Fig. 10). Forewing length: 16 mm, wingspan: 33 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the Serra do Espinhaço in central and southeastern Minas Gerais at altitudes above 1000 m in southeastern Brazil (Pl. 28: Fig. 2).</p><p>Etymology. Feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Only sympatric and synchronic to C. agnes sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFB9D36D20E0B279EBE3FD17	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFB6D36C20E0B66DEDFEFBCF.text	03EDC94DFFB6D36C20E0B66DEDFEFBCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra volta Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra volta sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: EFD86AD5-FD72-4FA1-BBBF-C4AABFD37CE6</p><p>Pl. 8: Figs 12–13, Pl. 12: Fig. 5, Pl. 17: Fig. 9, Pl. 21: Fig. 9</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 8: Fig. 13): / BRASIL: GO [Goiás] Alto Paraíso, 1400 m, 1-6.xi.1996, V. O. Becker Col / 13.907 Col. C. Mielke [JX215602]/ BC-CGCM/ DZ 52.598 / HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra volta C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP) .</p><p>Paratypes (in total 6 ♂): Brazil. Goiás. Alto Paraíso: same data as holotype (CGCM 14.231 [JX215636], 15.259, 15.614 [JX215641]; CGCM); 3 ♂, São Jorge, Volta da Serra, 1020 m, 47°45′18.03′′ W, 14°10′7.34′′ S, 22.XI.2022 (CGCM 45.693, 46.355, 46.938; DZUP) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This new species is easily distinguished from all other congenerics by the FW mottled pale brown with golden markings in the FW. The genitalia resemble the two previous species, but this species can be rapidly separated by i) emargination as an inverted trapeze of the posterior margin of the saccus while is V-shaped in C. agnes sp. nov. and U-shaped in C. alina sp. nov. (Pl. 17: Figs 7–9; see arrows), ii) the slightly protruded tergal lobes, while mesally projected in C. agnes sp. nov. and non-protruded in C. alina sp. nov. and iii) the inner side of the valvae are curved in C. volta sp. nov., while L-shaped in the two previous species.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 8: Figs 12–13, Pl. 12: Fig. 5). Forewing length: 14–17 mm, wingspan: 30–35 mm. Epiphysis absent.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 17: Fig. 9, Pl. 21: Fig. 9). Tergal lobes slightly protruded posteriorly. Saccus with posterior margin as an inverted trapezoid mesally. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Pseudotegumen expanded ventrally, ribbed ventro-anteriorly. Fultura inferior as wide as long, constricted laterally, distally bilobed. Valvae inner side curved.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Endemic to the Chapada do Veadeiros, an elevated area within the Cerrado in central Brazil at altitudes between about 1000 and 1400 m (Pl. 28: Fig. 2). It is the northernmost record for the genus.</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in reference to the Santuário Volta da Serra, feminine, where some specimens were captured. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. In contrast to the previous species, C. volta sp. nov. is not highly variable, except for the FW golden markings, which can be variable in number, and the ground colour ranging from light brown to orangish-brown. The golden markings are also found in C. dorita, but the genitalia leave no doubt about its placement in this species-group. Allopatric to all congenerics.</p><p>j) Species-group: olinda . Six species: C. babi sp. nov., C. clara sp. nov., C. kika sp. nov., C. parana sp. nov., C. piacaba sp. nov., and C. olinda sp. nov.</p><p>The principal defining feature of this group is the separation of inner and outer walls of the saccus, producing an external bag, a unique condition within the genus. The inner wall articulates with the fultura inferior. The group can also be recognized by: i) male sternite VIII trapezoidal, uniformly sclerotised, and the posterior margin concave; ii) tergal lobes arcuate, with or without projection; iii) tegumen extended beyond the articulation with saccus; iv) pseudotegumen not ribbed, expanded anteriorly and conspicuously projected ventrally and curved outwards distally; v) valvae spoon-shaped, setose, and not ribbed; vi) fultura superior always present, sometimes softly sclerotised, and; vii) lamella antevaginalis with mesal portion fused, laterally with processes.</p><p>Distribution. Coastal between Minas Gerais in southeastern Brazil and northeastern Santa Catarina in southern Brazil, at altitudes between about 500 and 1900 m (Pl. 29: Fig. 1).</p><p>Remarks. Within this group, there are two subgroups. The first, composed by C. babi sp. nov., C. clara sp. nov., and C. parana sp. nov., where the outer margin of the saccus is not notched posteriorly, valvae are basally concave, not reinforced, blade-shaped distally, and two ventro-anterior and two ventro-posterior diverticula in the phallus. The second, composed by C. kika sp. nov., C. piacaba sp. nov., and C. olinda sp. nov., has the outer margin of the saccus notched, deeply invaginated posteriorly, and valvae basally concave, reinforced, stout distally, and with a single ventro-anterior and two ventro-posterior diverticula in the phallus.</p><p>Key for species based on males</p><p>1) Outer wall of saccus not notched......................................................................... 2 Outer wall of saccus notched............................................................................ 4</p><p>2) Tergal lobe slightly projected, FW discal spot either reduced or conspicuous...................................... 3 Tergal lobe with a digitiform projection, FW discal spots oblique................................. C. parana sp. nov.</p><p>3) Tergal lobe slightly projected, discal spot reduced............................................... C. babi sp. nov. Tergal lobe with a triangular projection, discal spot transverse.................................... C. clara sp. nov.</p><p>4) Anterior portion of HW darker............................................................ C. olinda sp. nov. Anterior portion of HW concolorous...................................................................... 5</p><p>5) Mesal invagination of outer wall of saccus about 1/2 of length of its anterior projection............... C. piacaba sp. nov. Mesal invagination of outer wall of saccus about 1/3 of length of its anterior projection................. C. kika sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFB6D36C20E0B66DEDFEFBCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFB7D36E20E0B114EABAFE77.text	03EDC94DFFB7D36E20E0B114EABAFE77.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra babi Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra babi sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2A4CAF22-7FDE-4F7D-BC1B-B548ECDCC871</p><p>Pl. 9: Figs 1–3, Pl. 12: Fig. 6, Pl. 18: Fig. 1, Pl. 22: Fig. 1</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 9: Fig. 1): / BRAZIL —SP [ São Paulo], Guapiara, Paivinha, 800 m, 18-21.XII.2005, C. Mielke leg./ BC-CGCM/ 29.881 Col. C. Mielke/ DZ 52.608/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra babi C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 1 ♂ 2 ♀): Brazil. São Paulo. Same data as holotype: 1 ♂ (CGCM 28.593; CGCM). Same locality and collector as holotype: 1 ♀, 22–24.I.2005 (CGCM 29.307; CGCM). Santa Catarina: São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 550 m: 29.X.1999, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.088; CGCM).</p><p>Diagnosis. Despite the similarity of the male genitalia between this and the next species (differences discussed under the latter), the male FW ornamentation is sufficient to separate them. In C. babi sp. nov., the discal spot is reduced to tiny golden spots, and the oblique basal and postdiscal bands are weakly contrasting, while in C. clara sp. nov., the discal spot is conspicuous and the bands are strongly contrasting.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 9: Fig. 1, Pl. 12: Fig. 6). Forewing length: 10–14 mm, wingspan: 20–28 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 18: Fig. 1, Pl. 22: Fig. 1). Tergal lobes slightly sclerotised and slightly protruded postero-mesally. Posterior edge of outer wall of saccus straight, inner wall excavated posteriorly to articulate with fultura inferior. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Fultura inferior as wide as long, slightly constricted laterally, distally bilobed, trapezoidal.</p><p>Female (Pl. 9: Figs 2–3). Forewing length: 20 mm, wingspan: 39 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>PLATE 9. FIGURES 1−14. Cibyra spp. of olinda species-group. Adults (dorsal): 1 (CGCM 29.881), 2 (CGCM 6.088), 3 (CGCM 29.307), 4 (CGCM 39.264), 5 (CGCM 39.898), 6 (CGCM 33.359), 7 (CGCM 43.989), 8 (CGCM 43.561), 9 (CGCM 43.271), 10 (DZ 52.709), 11 (CGCM 24.543), 12 (CGCM 24.397), 13 (CGCM 23.316), 14 (CGCM 17.799). Depositories of the specimens: 1, 4, 6–11, 13 in DZUP; 2–3, 5, 12, 14 in CGCM.</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from two localities in São Paulo and Santa Catarina, in southeastern and southern Brazil, at altitudes of about 500 and 800 m (Pl. 29: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Bárbara S. Campis (Babi), feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Despite intensive collecting efforts within both areas where C. babi sp. nov. occurs, the new species was found to be very scarce at light traps. All records come from very late spring and early Summer. It is sympatric only to C. olinda sp. nov. within the species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFB7D36E20E0B114EABAFE77	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFB5D36E20E0B48DEC5EFA3F.text	03EDC94DFFB5D36E20E0B48DEC5EFA3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra clara Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra clara sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A0791FA9-4BE2-4A7B-9178-A17F2C2D075E</p><p>Pl. 9: Figs 4–5, Pl. 12: Fig. 7, Pl. 18: Fig. 2, Pl. 22: Fig. 2</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 9: Fig. 4): / BRAZIL — São Paulo (SP), Campos do Jordão, Lavrinhas, 1898 m., 17.XI.1988 (30), R. Koike leg./ BC-CGCM/ 39.264 Col. C. Mielke/ DZ 52.679/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra clara C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 5 ♂). Brazil. Minas Gerais. Delfim Moreira, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.513&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.407" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.513/lat 43.407)">Barreira</a>, 1514 m: 2 ♂, 4.XI.1991, Koike leg. (CGCM 43.407, 44.513). São Paulo. Same data as holotype: 3 ♂ (CGCM 38.725, 39.432, 39.898; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. The tergal lobes are more robust in C. clara sp. nov. than in C. babi sp. nov. and the fultura inferior is clearly distinct, while in C. babi sp. nov. it is trapezoidal. In C. clara sp. nov. it assumes an inverted T-shape, enlarged at base, 1.2× longer than wide (as long as wide in C. babi sp. nov.). For FW ornamentation, see diagnosis under C. babi sp. nov.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 9: Figs 4–5, Pl. 12: Fig. 7). Forewing length: 11–16 mm, wingspan: 25–31 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 18: Fig. 2, Pl. 22: Fig. 2). Tergal lobes slightly sclerotised, with a triangular protrusion postero-mesally. Posterior edge of outer wall of saccus straight, inner wall excavated posteriorly to articulate with fultura inferior. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Fultura inferior an inverted T-shaped, base oval to half length, then compressed and projected dorsally, notched apically.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known from a few localities within the Serra da Mantiqueira in Minas Gerais and São Paulo at altitudes ranging about 1500 to 1900 m, in southeastern Brazil (Pl. 29: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Maria Clara do Nascimento, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. The new species is as variable as other species within the genus, especially with respect to the discal spot and the FW postmedial lines. All records are from November, and the species is on the wing earlier than most of its sympatric species ( C. claudia sp. nov., C. elyana sp. nov., C. endyra, C. mariana sp. nov., C. pluriargenteus, C. simone sp. nov.), although it is allopatric to all species within the species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFB5D36E20E0B48DEC5EFA3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFB5D36920E0B345E9F2FD5F.text	03EDC94DFFB5D36920E0B345E9F2FD5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra parana Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra parana sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 353D6EDB-9E52-486A-B0B7-C96CCF0DE778</p><p>Pl. 9: Figs 6–8, Pl. 12: Fig. 8, Pl. 18: Fig. 3, Pl. 22: Fig. 3</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 9: Fig. 6): / BRAZIL — São Paulo (SP), Santo André, Vila (30) Paranapiacaba, 1100 m, 14.XI.2020. R. Koike leg./ DZ 52.618/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra parana C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 2 ♂, 1 ♀): Brazil. São Paulo. Same locality and collector as holotype: 1 ♂, 23.XI.2021 (CGCM 43.192; DZUP); 1 ♀, 1 ♂, 29.XI.2021 (CGCM 43.561, 43.989; DZUP) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Easily recognized by the male and female mottled FW with the contrasting postdiscal band, along with two or three pale beige costal spots on its distal half, and by the male genital apparatus being twice the size of the two previous species. In addition, the digitiform process of tergal lobes (Pl. 18: Fig. 3; see arrow) is diagnostic.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 9: Figs 6, 8, Pl. 12: Fig. 8). Forewing length: 15–19 mm, wingspan: 30–39 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 18: Fig. 3, Pl. 22: Fig. 3). Tergal lobes slightly sclerotised, with a digitiform process postero-mesally on each side. Posterior edge of outer wall of saccus straight, inner wall simple posteriorly. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Fultura inferior 1.2× longer than wide, basal margin slightly longer than distal margin, apically bilobed.</p><p>Female (Pl. 9: Fig. 7). Forewing length: 24 mm, wingspan: 47 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from one site in the Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba placed in Serra do Mar in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil, at an altitude of 1100 m (Pl. 29: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Named after its type locality, Paranapiacaba, using the first three syllables. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition, feminine.</p><p>Remarks. This new species shows little variation, as almost all known males have a FW ornamentation the same as the HT (Pl. 9: Fig. 6). All records are from November, and the species is sympatric and synchronic with C. piacaba sp. nov. only.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFB5D36920E0B345E9F2FD5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFB2D36920E0B7A5E930F9AF.text	03EDC94DFFB2D36920E0B7A5E930F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra piacaba Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra piacaba sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F7DAAE72-3315-4DFA-9018-8F45FD15C99B</p><p>Pl. 9: Figs 9–10, Pl. 12: Fig. 9, Pl. 18: Fig. 4, Pl. 22: Fig. 4</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 9: Fig. 10): / BRAZIL — São Paulo (SP), Santo André, Vila (30) Paranapiacaba, 1100 m, 28.X.2020. R. Koike leg./ DZ 52.709/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra piacaba C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 1 ♂): Brazil. São Paulo. Same locality and collector as holotype: 1 ♂, 23.X.2021 (CGCM 43.271; DZUP) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species, along with the next two species, is easily recognized by the presence of a stigma composed of two or three discal spots placed immediately proximal to the FW postdiscal band on the male. Another feature shared by these species is the anterior darker portion of the male FW, from the costa to Rs5. Differences between this and the two next species are given under each species.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 9: Figs 9–10, Pl. 12: Fig. 9). Forewing length: 15–18 mm, wingspan: 31–35 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 18: Fig. 4, Pl. 22: Fig. 4). Tergal lobes slightly sclerotised with a posterior and spiniform projection. Posterior edge of outer wall of saccus notched, invagination extending half the length of its outer wall, the inner wall being deeply concave posteriorly. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Fultura inferior slightly longer than wide.</p><p>Female. Unknown.</p><p>Distribution. Known only from one site in the Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba, placed in Serra do Mar in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil at an altitude of 1100 m (Pl. 29: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Named after its type locality, Paranapiacaba, using the last syllables. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition, feminine.</p><p>Remarks. The new species is not as variable as the previous species. Only sympatric and synchronic with C. piacaba sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFB2D36920E0B7A5E930F9AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFB2D36820E0B3B5EAF3FA8F.text	03EDC94DFFB2D36820E0B3B5EAF3FA8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra olinda Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra olinda sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F09C403B-46C8-4947-9ED2-2253C02399F3</p><p>Pl. 9: Figs 11–12, Pl. 12: Fig. 10, Pl. 13: Fig. 13, Pl. 18: Fig. 5, Pl. 22: Fig. 5, Pl. 23: Fig. 12, Pl. 24: Fig. 12</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 9: Fig. 11): / BRASIL —SC [ Santa Catarina], São Bento do Sul, Rio Vermelho, 700 m, 29.X.2010, O. Rank leg./ DZ 52.699/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra olinda C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 38 ♂ 2 ♀): Brazil. Santa Catarina. Same data as holotype: 1 ♂, 29.X.2000 (CGCM</p><p>24.607; CGCM). Same locality and collector as holotype: 1 ♀, 27.X.1989 (CGCM 24.397; CGCM) ; 1 ♀, 9.XI.2005 (CGCM 25.135; CGCM) . <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=5.931&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.78" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 5.931/lat 4.78)">Same</a> locality as holotype: 2 ♂, 5.XII.1997, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.780, 5.931; CGCM) ; 1 ♂, 27.VIII.1998, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.578; CGCM); 3 ♂, 25.X.2002, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.896, 7.344, 47.721; CGCM); 3 ♂, 4.XI.2004, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 13.983, 13.934, 14.332; CGCM); 1 ♂, 10.X.2004, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 14.158; CGCM) . São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal 550 m: 1 ♂, X.1994, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.074; CGCM) ; 1 ♂, 7.XI.1994, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.471; CGCM); 1 ♂, 13.X.1995, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.372; CGCM); 1 ♂, 18.X.1995, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.019; CGCM); 1 ♂, 23.X.1995, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.537; CGCM); 1 ♂, 3.X.1996, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 4.500; CGCM); 1 ♂, 2.XI.1996, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.059; CGCM); 4 ♂, 5.XI.1996, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.123, 6.507, 6.836, 6.921; CGCM); 1 ♂, 23.XI.1998, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 7.585; CGCM); 2 ♂, 29.X.1999, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.687, 6.138; CGCM); 1 ♂, 3.XI.2000, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 6.644; CGCM); 2 ♂, 25.X.2001, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 2.156, 5.601; CGCM); 2 ♂, 1–2.XI.2001, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 1.710, 1.959; CGCM); 1 ♂, 3.XI.2002, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 26.241; CGCM); 5 ♂, X.2004, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 17.605, 17.653, 18.261, 18.324, 18.340; CGCM); 1 ♂, 16.X.2004, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 16.315; CGCM); 1 ♂, XI.2004, A. Rank leg. (CGCM 18.021; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. This and the previous species are similar in the male wing ornamentation. But in C. olinda sp. nov., the anterior portion of the HW is darker, while it is uniform in C. piacaba sp. nov. In addition, the tergal lobe bears a pointed projection that is half the length of that of C. piacaba sp. nov., and the mesal invagination of the outer wall edge runs about 1/5 of the length of the outer wall of the saccus, while in C. piacaba sp. nov. it extends for half the length (Pl. 18: Fig. 4–5; see arrows).</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 9: Fig. 11, Pl. 12: Fig. 10). Forewing length: 14–18 mm, wingspan: 25–34 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 18: Fig. 5, Pl. 22: Fig. 5). Tergal lobes slightly sclerotised with a posterior and spiniform projection. Posterior edge of outer wall of saccus notched, with invagination running about 1/5 of length of outer wall, inner wall deeply concave posteriorly. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Fultura inferior slightly longer than wide.</p><p>Female (Pl. 9: Fig. 12, Pl. 13: Fig. 13). Forewing length: 22–26 mm, wingspan: 45–52 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia (Pl. 23: Fig. 12, Pl. 24: Fig. 12). Lamella antevaginalis with robust lateral plates bearing with a distal tapered projection with an antero-dorsal process on each side; mesally, the latter surrounds laterally a thickened V-shaped membrane. Ductus bursae tubular, ca. 0.5× shorter than elliptical corpus bursae.</p><p>Distribution. Known from the type locality only (Pl. 29: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. Homonym in honour of Olinda Rank, feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. The new species is not as variable as the previous species. Only sympatric to C. babi sp. nov. and C. kika sp. nov., but not synchronic to the latter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFB2D36820E0B3B5EAF3FA8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFB3D37C20E0B0D5ED58FA48.text	03EDC94DFFB3D37C20E0B0D5ED58FA48.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra kika Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra kika sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 11EB24B8-698E-4750-87CA-50734CA68A0B</p><p>Pl. 9: Figs 13–14, Pl. 12: Fig. 11, Pl. 18: Fig. 6, Pl. 22: Fig. 6</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (Pl. 9: Fig. 13): / BRASIL —SC [ Santa Catarina], Rio Vermelho, 800 m, São Bento do Sul. 13.II.2004 (5). O. Rank leg./ 23.316 Col. C. Mielke/ DZ 52.689/ HOLOTYPUS, Cibyra kika C. Mielke, Grehan &amp; Koike, 2024 / (DZUP).</p><p>Paratypes (in total 5 ♂ 1 ♀). Brazil. Santa Catarina. Same data as holotype: 1 ♂ (CGCM 23.935; CGCM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=5.835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.795" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 5.835/lat 5.795)">Same</a> locality and collector as holotype: 1 ♂, 5.II.2004 (CGCM 23.380; CGCM); 1 ♂, 2.III.2000 (CGCM 5.993; CGCM). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=5.835&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.795" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 5.835/lat 5.795)">Same</a> locality as holotype: 2 ♂, 18.II.1999, I. Rank leg. (CGCM 5.795, 5.835; CGCM). São Bento do Sul, Rio Natal, 700 m: 1 ♀, 10.II.2005, O. Rank leg. (CGCM 17.799; CGCM) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males of the new species can be easily recognized by the combination of the following characters: i) male HW uniformly brown (as in C. piacaba sp. nov., anterior portion darker in C. olinda sp. nov.), ii) invagination of the outer wall edge extends about 1/3 of the length of the outer wall of the saccus (half in C. parana sp. nov. and 1/ 5 in C. olinda sp. nov.), and iii) tergal lobes robust and enlarged basally, while reduced in C. parana sp. nov. and C. olinda sp. nov.</p><p>PLATE 10. FIGURES 1–16. Cibyra spp. of ferruginosa, monoargenteus, yungas, and endyra species-groups. Male abdomen, segments VII and VIII (left, tergites; right, sternites). Depositories of the specimens dissected: 1–5, 10–11, 14 in CGCM; 6, 9, 12–13, 15–16 in DZUP; 7–8 in CEIOC.</p><p>PLATE 11. FIGURES 1–10. Cibyra spp. of endyra, pluriargenteus, dorita, jurate, and julie species-groups. Male abdomen, segments VII and VIII (left, tergites; right, sternites). Depositories of the specimens dissected: 1, 3, 6–7, 10–11 in DZUP; 2, 4–5, 8–9 in CGCM.</p><p>PLATE 12. FIGURES 1–11. Cibyra spp. of munona and olinda species-groups. Male abdomen, segments VII and VIII (left, tergites; right, sternites). Depositories of the specimens dissected: 1 in CGCM; 2–3, 5–11 in DZUP; 4 in CEIOC.</p><p>PLATE 13. FIGURES 1–13. Cibyra spp. Female abdomen, segments VII and VIII (left, tergites; right, sternites). Depositories of the specimens dissected: 1, 6–7 in CEIOC; 2–5, 8–13 in CGCM.</p><p>PLATE 14. FIGURES 1–10. Cibyra spp. of ferruginosa and monoargenteus species-groups. Male genitalia, ventral view. Depositories of the specimens dissected: 1–5, 10 in CGCM; 6, 9 in DZUP; 7–8 in CEIOC.</p><p>PLATE 15. FIGURES 1–10. Cibyra spp. of monoargenteus, yungas, and endyra species-groups. Male genitalia, ventral view. Depositories of the specimens dissected: 1, 8, 10 in CGCM; 2–3, 5–7, 9 in DZUP; 4 in ZSBS.</p><p>PLATE 16. FIGURES 1–8. Cibyra spp. of pluriargenteus and dorita species-groups. Male genitalia, ventral view. Depositories of the specimens dissected: 1, 4–5 in CGCM; 2–3 in DZUP; 6–8 in ZSBS.</p><p>PLATE 17. FIGURES 1–8. Cibyra spp. of jurate, julie, and munona species-groups. Male genitalia, ventral view. Depositories of the specimens dissected: 1–4, 6–8 in DZUP; 5 in CGCM.</p><p>PLATE 18. FIGURES 1–8. Cibyra spp. of olinda species-group. Male genitalia, ventral view. Depositories of the specimens dissected: all in DZUP.</p><p>Description. Male (Pl. 9: Fig. 13, Pl. 12: Fig. 11). Forewing length: 14–16 mm, wingspan: 29–33 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Male genitalia (Pl. 18: Fig. 6, Pl. 22: Fig. 6). Tergal lobes slightly sclerotised, enlarged at base, with a posterior and spiniform projection. Saccus with anterior projection mesally constricted, posterior edge of outer wall notched, with invagination running about 1/3 of length of its anterior projection, inner wall deeply concave posteriorly. Tegumen slightly sinuate. Fultura inferior slightly longer than wide.</p><p>Female (Pl. 9: Fig. 14). Forewing length: 23 mm, wingspan: 45 mm. Epiphysis present.</p><p>Female genitalia. Not dissected.</p><p>PLATE 19. FIGURES 1–14. Cibyra spp. of ferruginosa, monoargenteus, and yungas species-groups.</p><p>Male genitalia, phallus.</p><p>PLATE 20. FIGURES 1–8. Cibyra spp. of endyra and pluriargenteus species-groups. Male genitalia, phallus.</p><p>Distribution. Known from a few localities within São Bento do Sul municipality in Santa Catarina (Pl. 29: Fig. 1).</p><p>Etymology. In honour of Clauseli da Rosa (“Kika”), feminine. It is treated as a noun in the nominative singular in apposition.</p><p>Remarks. Like the two previous species, C. kika sp. nov. is not variable. It is sympatric to C. olinda sp. nov., but not synchronic. While C. olinda sp. nov. is on the wing during October and November, C. kika sp. nov. flies in February.</p><p>Notes on Cibyra biogeography</p><p>Biogeographic analysis is not solely a matter of reconstructing past vicariance and dispersal events. It is also about identifying spatial structures that exist in the present—the patterns of distribution comprising the localities occupied and the space between them (whether within individual species or between species, and between higher taxonomic groups). These spatial structures can be identified, drawn as maps or line graphs (tracks), as the empirical data of biogeographic analysis.</p><p>Most biogeographic studies, especially those involving center-of-origin/chance dispersal techniques, overlook the spatial-temporal structure of biogeography, instead focusing on hypothetical areas (such as areas of endemism) and theories about chance dispersal. Analysis of biogeographic structures requires knowledge of phylogeny and geographic location, as these features represent the empirical records of distribution. As there is no resolved phylogeny for Cibyra, a comprehensive biogeographic analysis is not possible, but there is morphological evidence supporting the existence of ten monophyletic species-groups. Under an allopatric model of speciation, the extensive geographic overlap between the species-groups represents evidence of considerable range expansion since their original vicariant differentiation. There is extensive geographic overlap between the species-groups, which is evidence of considerable range expansion since their original differentiation. Within each species-group there is extensive allopatry with only partial overlap of most species, which is consistent with allopatric differentiation within each species-group. Reconstructions of possible ancestral differentiation are suggested as follows:</p><p>PLATE 21. FIGURES 1–9. Cibyra spp. of dorita, jurate, julie, and munona species-groups. Male genitalia, phallus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFB3D37C20E0B0D5ED58FA48	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFA7D37F20E0B097EC45FC5A.text	03EDC94DFFA7D37F20E0B097EC45FC5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra ferruginosa Walker 1856	<div><p>Cibyra ferruginosa species-group</p><p>Three species with distributions that are entirely ( C. ferruginosa), or mostly, allopatric ( C. ochracea, C. meridionalis) (Pl. 30, Figs 1a–b). The distributional tracks are oriented southeast-northwest, each species having a predominantly linear distribution range (Pl. 30, Fig. 1a). Geographic overlap between C. ochracea and C. meridionalis is limited to the southern and northern ends of their respective distributions. The northernmost locality of C. ochracea lies very close to the southern limits of C. ferruginosa . The distributional structure of this species-group is consistent with allopatric fragmentation (vicariance) of an ancestral distribution followed by marginal range expansion between C. ochracea and C. meridionalis (Plate 32, Fig. 2a–b).</p><p>PLATE 22. FIGURES 1–6. Cibyra spp. of olinda species-group. Male genitalia, phallus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFA7D37F20E0B097EC45FC5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFA4D37F20E0B09DE9C6F967.text	03EDC94DFFA4D37F20E0B09DE9C6F967.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra endyra C. Mielke 2015	<div><p>Cibyra endyra species-group</p><p>Six species with four allopatric and localized distributions. Only C. endyra and C. claudia sp. nov. are in close proximity to each other, and with marginal overlap. The track (line graph) geometry (Pl. 30, Fig. 3a) is consistent with ancestral allopatry of all species, followed by limited local range expansion in C. claudia sp. nov. and C. endyra (Pl. 30, Fig. 3b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFA4D37F20E0B09DE9C6F967	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFA4D37F20E0B6A1EBB6FA47.text	03EDC94DFFA4D37F20E0B6A1EBB6FA47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra monoargenteus (Viette 1951)	<div><p>Cibyra monoargenteus species-group</p><p>Ten species, of which three have parallel southeast-northeast distributions, with C. monoargenteus nested within the slightly more extended distributions of C. stigmatica (to the northwest), and C. tessellata (to the northeast). At the southern end of C. monoargenteus and C. stigmatica is a cluster of two more localized species— C. ybyra (1,000 –1,400 m) and C. barbara sp. nov. (1,200 –1,400 m) that together comprise a track between the Serra Geral of southeastern Santa Catarina and northeastern Rio Grande do Sul. Further northeast of C. tessellata are two allopatric clusters, each comprising species that are sympatric with each other at least part of their respective ranges of two overlapping species in each: C. elyana sp. nov. and C. mariana sp. nov., and C. jane sp. nov. and C. regina sp. nov. (Pl. 30, Figs 2a–b). In this species-group there is both allopatry and geographic overlap, the latter indicating considerable range expansion for the widespread species and more localized range expansion for the localized species under an allopatric speciation model. This geographic dispersion notwithstanding, the distributions are consistent with original allopatry of species as indicated in Pl. 30. Fig. 2b.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFA4D37F20E0B6A1EBB6FA47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFA4D37920E0B27DE90DF9A4.text	03EDC94DFFA4D37920E0B27DE90DF9A4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra pluriargenteus (Viette 1955)	<div><p>Cibyra pluriargenteus species-group</p><p>Three species, with C. bruna sp. nov. allopatric to the south (Pl. 26, Fig. 2) and adjacent to the southern limits of C. simone sp. nov. whose range extends north and overlaps the central distribution of C. pluriargenteus (Plate 31, Fig. 1a). This arrangement is consistent with an originally allopatric divergence of all three species, where C. simone sp. nov. extended along coastal regions while C. pluriargenteus extends further inland and to the north (Plate 31, Fig. 1b).</p><p>PLATE 23. FIGURES 1–12. Cibyra spp. Female genitalia, posterior view. Depositories of the specimens: 1, 6–7 in CEIOC; 2–5, 8–13 in CGCM.</p><p>PLATE 24. FIGURES 1–12. Cibyra spp. Female genitalia, bursa copulatrix. Depositories of the specimens: 1, 6–7 in CEIOC; 2–5, 8–12 in CGCM.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFA4D37920E0B27DE90DF9A4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFA2D37A20E0B3BCE958F9EC.text	03EDC94DFFA2D37A20E0B3BCE958F9EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra dorita Schaus 1901	<div><p>Cibyra dorita species-group</p><p>Four entirely or largely allopatric species, three of which are localized to the eastern Andean slopes, and two along the coastal region where C. dorita has marginal overlap with C. verresi sp. nov. (Pl. 31, Fig. 2a). This geographic pattern is consistent with ancestral allopatry between the Andes and Atlantic coast (Pl. 31, Fig. 2b). We have included here the locality of C. yungas which is the only other (monotypic) species-group in the Andes, and represents a potentially close relative to the C. dorita species-group.</p><p>PLATE 25. FIGURES 1–2. Distribution of Cibyra spp. of ferruginosa (1) and monoargenteus (2) species-groups within southeastern and southern Brazil and Argentina.</p><p>PLATE 26. FIGURES 1–2. Distribution of Cibyra spp. of claudia (1) and pluriargenteus (2) species-groups within southeastern and southern Brazil.</p><p>PLATE 27. FIGURES 1–2. Distribution of Cibyra spp. of dorita (1) and jurate (2) species-groups within southeastern and southern Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFA2D37A20E0B3BCE958F9EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFA1D30420E0B3F4ED22FB96.text	03EDC94DFFA1D30420E0B3F4ED22FB96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra olinda Mielke & Grehan & Koike 2025	<div><p>Cibyra olinda species-group</p><p>Five species, with three that are localized ( C. kika sp. nov., C. olinda sp. nov., C. piacaba sp. nov.), with marginal overlap with one widespread species in southern ( C. babi sp. nov.). This pattern is consistent with ancestral allopatry, where two species differentiated over a wider area, and three in more localized areas (Pl. 31, Fig. 3a–b).</p><p>PLATE 28. FIGURES 1–2. Distribution of Cibyra spp. of dorita / yungas (1) species-groups in northwestern Argentina and central-western Bolivia, and munona (2) species-group within central, southeastern, and southern Brazil and Argentina.</p><p>PLATE 29. FIGURE 1. Distribution of Cibyra spp. of olinda species-group within southeastern and southern Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFA1D30420E0B3F4ED22FB96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
03EDC94DFFDFD30220E0B1EDE99BFE53.text	03EDC94DFFDFD30220E0B1EDE99BFE53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cibyra munona (Schaus 1929)	<div><p>Cibyra munona species-group</p><p>Five species with a wide disjunction between two reciprocally allopatric species in the south ( C. munona, C. yumiko sp. nov.), and three species in the north, where one is localized and disjunct ( C. serra sp. nov.), overlapping the tracks of C. agnes sp. nov. and C. alina sp. nov. (Plate 32, Fig. 4a). This pattern is consistent with ancestral allopatry followed by range expansion between C. agnes sp. nov. and C. alina sp. nov. The disjunction between the southern and northern parts of the species-group range may be the result of marine incursion over former habitat now submerged (Plate 32, Fig. 4b).</p><p>Monotypic species-groups</p><p>In addition to the western C. yungas species-group noted above, there are two eastern monotypic species-groups along the Atlantic coast: C. julie sp. nov. is localized to the southern range of C. dorita (Pl. 27, Fig. 1), and C. jurate sp. nov. has a broad range to the northeast (Pl. 27, Fig. 2) that overlaps several other species-groups. In the absence of a resolved phylogeny, the biogeography of these two monotypic groups is not assessed further here.</p><p>Distribution and tectonics</p><p>The geographic range of Cibyra has a disjunct distribution between the eastern central Andes and southeastern Brazil. The eastern species are found within the Serra da Mantiqueira, Serra do Mar, and Serra do Espinhaço ranges, separated from the Andean species by the lowlands of the Andean foreland basins and the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic Chaco-Paraná basin. The eastern range comprises 37 of the 41 Cibyra species (Pl. 33, Fig. 1). This concentration of species is known as the main massing of diversity. It is a biogeographic characteristic found in many animal and plant taxa globally that is indicative of both ancestral biological (genetic) diversity and the influence of historical events that have promoted differentiation (Craw et al. 1999, Heads 2012). The most prominent historical event influencing the geology, geography, and topography of the region occupied by the main massing of Cibyra is the formation of the Atlantic Ocean.</p><p>PLATE 30. FIGURES 1–3. Distributions and origins of Cibyra species-groups: left column (a)–spatial relationships mapped as minimum spanning tree line graphs (tracks), right column (b)–ancestral allopatry consistent with present day distributions, suggesting areas of current overlap are the result of subsequent range expansion.</p><p>PLATE 31. FIGURES 1–3. Distributions and origins of Cibyra species-groups: left column (a)–spatial relationships mapped as minimum spanning tree line graphs (tracks), right column (b)–ancestral allopatry consistent with present day distributions, suggesting areas of current overlap are the result of subsequent range expansion.</p><p>The Atlantic basin was initiated by the emergence of the Atlantic spreading ridge that pushed up the adjacent landscapes during the Barremian-Aptian Cretaceous (129–113 Ma). As the shoulders of this uplift were displaced west and east, the coastal region of southeastern Brazil was subject to 200 km of erosion inland to the current Serra da Mantiqueira. This onshore erosion resulted in further flexural uplift along the continental margin. This geological retreat of the Brazilian coastline would have had a profound impact on the distributions of coastal organisms (Heads 2012). As this retreat took place, it would have carried biota with it, and as the seaward edge of the continent was eventually drowned, its biota may evade drowning by surviving on the new mountains, and migrating inland on the retreating scarp. During phases of rifting and uplift, habitats would be subject to repeated marine inundation and orogeny, resulting in range expansion and hybridism. This paleogeographic history may result in disjunctions along the Atlantic coast, such as monkeys in the genus Leontopithecus Lesson, due to loss of former populations in regions that became completely submerged (Heads 2012, 2016). The erosion and inundation of coastal regions could result in taxa that were originally allopatric ‘piling up’ on top of each other. We suggest this process could be responsible for the present-day overlapping species-groups of Cibyra as ancestral species migrated with the retreating coastline into areas already occupied by the ancestors of other species-groups (Pl. 33, Fig. 2). This process, beginning from the time of original rifting, continues to the present day.</p><p>PLATE 32. FIGURES 1–2. 1) Distributions and origins of Cibyra species-groups: left column (a)–spatial relationships mapped as minimum spanning tree line graphs (tracks), right column (b)–ancestral allopatry consistent with present day distributions, suggesting areas of current overlap are the result of subsequent range expansion. 2) Conceptual model of ancestral (2a) Cibyra species-groups (red and blue outlines) with allopatric distributions and allopatric species within each, occupying coastal regions that have now submerged or eroded below sea level (2b), resulting in crowding and geographic overlap of extant species-groups and partial overlap of species within each species-group.</p><p>PLATE 33. FIGURES 1–2. 1) Density of Cibyra spp. arranged in a ca. 140 km x 140 km grid showing higher concentration (centre of main massing) of species between Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina. 2) Conceptual model of species divergence and tectonic erosion, and displacement of Cibyra spp. Top: proposed widespread ancestor (potentially one or more species) at the formation of the Atlantic Ocean, separating South America and Africa. Middle: differentiation of species associated with tectonic and geological disruption of the ancestral range. Bottom: crowding of species due to loss of habitat in coastal regions due to subsidence and erosion.</p><p>Elevation range is another biogeographic feature of Cibyra distribution (Table 1). The genus is restricted to higher elevation forest habitats. The lowest elevation is 250–300 m for the southern endemic C. yumiko sp. nov. in the Rio Grande do Sul. Next lowest elevation is 450 m (for C. ochracea, which ranges up to 1100 m). Most species elevations range from 800 m, with the highest elevations being 2600 m (two species in the Andes). The elevation ranges do not show a simple relationship with latitude. Instead of necessarily higher elevations in more northern latitudes, there is a more complex pattern. For example, in the C. monoargenteus group, the northernmost two species have ranges of 1500–2000 m ( C. elyana sp. nov.), and 1000–1400 m ( C. mariana sp. nov.). This range is similar to that found in the two southernmost species ranges of 1200–1400 m ( C. barbara sp. nov.) and 1000–1400 m ( C. ybyra). In the C. endyra group, the northernmost species range is 1800–2200 m ( C. monique sp. nov.), but this is not much different from the more southern C. claudia sp. nov. (1200–2000 m) and C. endyra (800–1900 m) (Pl. 26, Fig. 1). Furthermore, the C. monique sp. nov. distribution lies within the range of C. jurate sp. nov. with an elevation range of 700–1400 m.</p><p>The region of southeastern Brazil has undergone phases of tectonic uplift, especially resulting from the initial Atlantic spreading ridge, and subsequent flexural uplift. Since there is no direct relationship between altitudinal climates (see also Heads 2012 on East Asian monkeys), the origin of the upland distribution range of Cibyra is more consistent with lowland ancestral populations being raised to higher elevations by the geological uplift. Since the higher elevation range is applicable to all species of Cibyra, it is suggested here that an ancestor of Cibyra was first geologically lifted to a higher elevation, and in this process, diverged from its sister group (unknown at present). As there is a complex history of uplift and subsidence phases, including coastal retreat, these geological processes may have influenced the individual species elevations. In summary (Pl. 33, Fig. 2), we propose that the Cibyra ancestor occupied a lowland range that was geologically raised to higher elevations. During this uplift, there would have been phases of orogeny that contributed to the differentiation of species-groups and species, along with coastal erosion resulting in range migration and subsequent sympatry, particularly evident for the species-groups. More recent differentiation of species within each species-group either retains ancestral allopatry or there is limited range overlap, indicating subsequent localized dispersal and range expansion.</p><p>TABLE 1. Approximate elevations of Cibyra species.</p><p>1. Cibyra ferruginosa - 800 to 1900 m 22. Cibyra pluriargenteus - 900 to 1900 m 2. Cibyra meridionalis - 150 to 1350 m 23. Cibyra simone sp. nov. - 800 to 1900 m 3. Cibyra ochracea - 450 to 1100 m 24. Cibyra danieli - 1450 m 4. Cibyra barbara sp. nov. - 1200 to 1400 m 25. Cibyra dorita - 500 to 1900 m 5. Cibyra denise sp. nov. - 900 m 26. Cibyra forsteri - 2600 m 6. Cibyra elyana sp. nov. - 1500 to 2000 m 27. Cibyra verresi - 1000 to 1400 m 7. Cibyra jane sp. nov. - 1200 to 1500 m 28. Cibyra zischkai - 2600 m 8. Cibyra mariana sp. nov. - 1800 to 2400 m 29. Cibyra jurate sp. nov. - 400 to 1400 m 9. Cibyra monoargenteus - 800 to 1400 m 30. Cibyra julie sp. nov. - 550 to 800 m 10. Cibyra regina sp. nov. - 1500 m 31. Cibyra agnes sp. nov. - 1200 to 2000 m 11. Cibyra stigmatica - 500 to 1350 m 32. Cibyra alina sp. nov. - 1000 to 1500 m 12. Cibyra tessellata - 800 to 1100 m 33. Cibyra yumiko sp. nov. - 30 to 300 m 13. Cibyra ybyra - 1000 and 1400 m 34. Cibyra munona - 650 to 1400 m 14. Cibyra yungas - 1200 to 2000 m 35. Cibyra volta sp. nov. - 1000 to 1400 m 15. Cibyra claudia sp. nov. - 1200 to 2000 m 36. Cibyra babi sp. nov. - 500 to 800 m 16. Cibyra endyra - 800 to 1900 m 37. Cibyra clara sp. nov. - 1500 to 1900 m 17. Cibyra hannelore sp. nov. - 1100 m 38. Cibyra kika sp. nov. - 700 to 800 m 18. Cibyra mirna sp. nov. - 900 to 1050 m 39. Cibyra olinda sp. nov. - 700 m 19. Cibyra monique sp. nov. - 1800 to 2200 m 40. Cibyra parana sp. nov. - 1100 m 20. Cibyra ykeyra - 600 and 1100 m 41. Cibyra piacaba sp. nov. - 1100 m 21. Cibyra bruna sp. nov. - 800 to 1050 m</p><p>The extensive geographic overlap between the Cibyra species-groups occurs along a coastal region that has experienced 200 km of coastal retreat since the original formation of the Atlantic Ocean basin in the early Cretaceous. This spatial correlation implies that Cibyra has existed from at least this time. This purely biogeographical (spatial) correlation currently has no contesting evidence for a different phylogenetic timeline, and cannot be falsified by future fossil or island calibrated molecular divergence estimates since these can only generate minimal clade ages (cf. Heads 2012). The predominant distributional pattern within each species-group is one of allopatry, which is consistent with the species having diverged allopatrically within the ancestral range of the species-group (i.e., each species diverged within its respective range within the ancestral species range). The correspondence between species-group distributional overlap and coastal retreat since early Mesozoic time implies that the ancestor of each species group also diverged allopatrically within a widespread ancestral range extending between the Andes and the Atlantic coast by early Cretaceous time. This historical reconstruction is presented here as a potential hypothesis for understanding the present-day distribution of Cibyra and its species-groups that is now open for future analysis, and corroboration or refutation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EDC94DFFDFD30220E0B1EDE99BFE53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mielke, Carlos G. C.;Grehan, John R.;Koike, Ricardo M.	Mielke, Carlos G. C., Grehan, John R., Koike, Ricardo M. (2025): Review of the genus Cibyra Walker (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea: Hepialidae) with descriptions of twenty-four new species from Brazil and Argentina. Zootaxa 5709 (1): 1-74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5709.1.1
