identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EC87B9FFDFFFE7FF2F65CFFE84D1BC.text	03EC87B9FFDFFFE7FF2F65CFFE84D1BC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ghatiana atropurpurea Pati & Thackeray & Khaire 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ghatiana atropurpurea n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 3, 4)</p>
            <p>Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 20.70 mm, cl 13.80 mm, ch 9.10 mm, fw 7.80 mm), Near Whistling Woods Hotel, Amboli, Sawantwadi taluk, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra (15.959° N and 73.997° E), altitude 736 m, 6 July 2015, coll. Tejas Thackeray (ZSI, WRC-C.1507); paratypes, two females (cw 21.14–25.10 mm, cl 14.32–16.42 mm, ch 10.58–11.94 mm, fw 8.38–8.96 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC- C.1508); paratypes, two males (cw 21.40–31.02 mm, cl 14.22–20.38 mm, ch 10.36–15.20 mm, fw 7.72–10.40 mm) (ZSI, WRC-C.1509) and three females (cw 14.10–31.94 mm, cl 11.22–20.90 mm, ch 8.08–15.44 mm, fw 6.18– 11.24 mm) (ZSI, WRC-C.1510), Hathipal, ca. 6.5 km north east of Poinguinim, Canacona taluk, South Goa district, Goa (14.994° N and 74.151° E), altitude 54 m, 10 July 2015, coll. Tejas Thackeray.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Carapace slightly broad to broader than long (cw/cl = 1.3–1.5), highly arched (cw/cl = 0.66–0.75), narrow posteriorly; dorsal surface almost smooth, dark purple coloured; anterolateral margin short, curved with finely serrated, short, oblique striations; posterolateral margin with long, distinct, oblique striations; front vertically deflexed, broad (fw/cw = 0.34–0.40); epigastric cristae low, broad, blunt; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct; epibranchial tooth distinct; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 3A, B). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 3C, F). Male abdomen long, T-shaped; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad; telson long (Figs. 3C, G). G1 slightly sigmoid-shaped; terminal article distinctly curved inwards, cylindrical, long, ca. 0.55 times length of subterminal segment (Figs. 4A–C). G2 terminal article very short or vestigial (Fig. 4D).</p>
            <p>Description of holotype. Carapace broader than long (cw/cl = 1.5), highly arched (cw/cl = 0.66), narrow posteriorly; dorsal surface almost smooth except rugose lateral sides; anterolateral carapace inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin short, curved with finely serrated, short, oblique striations; posterolateral margin with long, distinct, oblique striations; front slightly depressed at middle, vertically deflexed, broad (fw/cw = 0.4); frontal margin almost straight; epigastric cristae distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, outer margin ca. 1 time length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth distinct, at level of supraorbital margin; postorbital region slightly deep; branchial regions inflated, rugose; subhepatic region with striations; cervical grooves poorly developed, interrupted; mesogastric groove long, deep, wide, bifurcate posteriorly; H-groove visible; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with slightly acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 3A, B).</p>
            <p>Chelipeds almost smooth, unequal; right chela larger; fingers of major cheliped with four or five larger teeth, small gape when their tips in contact; dactylus of major cheliped equal in length to palm, upper surface with many small tubercles; palm longer than high; carpal spine distinct, blunt; carpus devoid of bristles; outer surface of merus rugose (Figs. 3D, I). Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long, slender, with fine, small tuft of two or three brownish bristles with yellowish tips mostly on margins; dactylus (p2–p5) longer than propodus; longest propodus (p4) three times as long as broad (Fig. 3E).</p>
            <p>Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves; s1–s4 with setae spreading uniformly (Figs. 3C, F).</p>
            <p>Male abdomen elongated, T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite broader than long with concave lateral margins, distal width shorter than proximal width; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad, with lateral margins gently diverging distally, proximal width equal to distal width; telson elongated, broadly rounded at apex; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, conspicuously long, extending much beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 3C, G).</p>
            <p>Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed; exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium shallow, towards centre; merus quadrangular, slightly depressed, anterior external angle of merus right angled (Fig. 3H).</p>
            <p>G1 short, slightly sigmoid-shaped; terminal article distinctly curved inwards, cylindrical, long, ca. 0.55 times length of subterminal segment, tip pointed; subterminal segment broader than terminal article, basal half broader than distal half (Figs. 4A–C). G2 short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half of basal segment distinctly broader than distal half (Fig. 4D).</p>
            <p>Live colour. Individuals have a deep purple carapace (resembling the fruit of the Indian blackberry, or jamun) and indigo or deep purple ambulatory legs (Figs. 2A, 3A, C). Chelipeds: outer surface of merus and carpus, outer and inner upper half surface of palm, and proximal upper half surface of dactylus are light indigo (resembling the colour of blueberries); surface of remaining portions is light pink (Figs. 2A, 3A, C, D, I).</p>
            <p>Paratypes. Paratypes are similar to the holotype in morphology except for these differences: the smallest female paratype from Hathipal (ZSI, WRC- C.1510) has a less broad carapace (cw/cl = 1.3), distinctly rugose dorsolateral carapace, anterolateral margin with crest curving into branchial regions and cheliped carpus with few bristles; the larger male from Hathipal (ZSI, WRC- C.1509) with indistinct epibranchial tooth and a large gape between fingers of the major cheliped when their tips are in contact; the larger female from Amboli (ZSI, WRC- C.1508) and the larger male from Hathipal (ZSI, WRC- C.1509) are with bigger left chela.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin atropurpureus meaning ‘dark purple’, refers to the deep purple colour of the live crab resembling the Indian blackberry, or jamun.</p>
            <p>Type Locality. Amboli, Sawantwadi taluk, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra (15.959° N and 73.997° E) (altitude 736 m).</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Ghatiana atropurpurea n. sp. is immediately distinguished from its congeners by the striking deep purple colour of its carapace (Figs. 2A, 3A). Normally,  G. atropurpurea n. sp. has a relatively broad carapace (cw/ cl = 1.5) than any other species of  Ghatiana . Other unique morphological features of the species are distinct exorbital angle, distinct epibranchial tooth, upper surface of dactylus of the major cheliped with many small tubercles, and slightly sigmoid-shaped G1 with terminal article distinctly curved inwards (Figs. 3A, I, 4A–C). </p>
            <p> Ghatiana atropurpurea n. sp. and  G. hyacintha have an epistomal median lobe with acute apex and a long G1 terminal article, ca. 0.55 times the length of the subterminal segment (Figs. 3B, 4A; see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: figs. 4B, 5E for  G. hyacintha ) whereas  G. splendida n. sp. and  G. aurantiaca have an epistomal median lobe with rounded apex and a short G1 terminal article, ca. 0.45 times the length of the subterminal segment (Figs. 5B, 6A; see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: figs. 2B, 3E for  G. aurantiaca ). </p>
            <p> Ghatiana atropurpurea n. sp. is more similar to  G. hyacintha among its congeners in many morphological features of the carapace and gonopods. It can be easily differentiated from  G. hyacintha , however, by its deep purple and broader carapace (cw/cl = 1.5), and inwardly curved G1 terminal article (Figs. 3A, 4A, C) [vs. violet and less broad carapace (cw/cl = 1.3), and straight G1 terminal article (see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: figs. 4A, 5E, G, 8B)]. </p>
            <p> Ecological notes.  Ghatiana atropurpurea n. sp. is an arboreal crab found in association mainly with the Indian blackberry plant. Crabs were observed in tree holes containing rain water at Amboli, and none of them were observed foraging on open ground or leaf litters or barks (T. Thackeray, unpublished data). Adult and sub-adult crabs of the Hathipal area were found in tree holes near ground level whereas many juveniles gathered under small boulders or foraging on leaf litters. An adult female crab was also seen in a burrow under the crown of a large boulder. One freshly recruit crab was noticed adjacent to an ephemeral stream, which had left its trail. True phytotelmy is therefore not achieved by  G. atropurpurea n. sp. . </p>
            <p> Individuals of this species were mainly seen during heavy or frequent rainfall with or without fog and all day long with a 24°C–32°C atmospheric temperature range. The feeding habits of  G. atropurpurea n. sp. are not precisely known. Local people of the Hathipal area mentioned about feeding on roadkills of snails and millipedes. During a night field visit, an adult crab was observed in a small pond filled with tadpoles, which could also be a possible source of prey. Population size of this species appeared to be higher at Hathipal than at Amboli. </p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ghatiana atropurpurea n. sp. is only found in the Western Ghats. The species is so far recorded from two localities viz. Amboli (type locality) in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra, and Hathipal in South Goa district of Goa, which is approximately 110 km south of the type locality. There is also one sighting of the species from Amba Ghat in Kolhapur district, about 115 km north of Amboli (A. Sayyed, personal communication). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87B9FFDFFFE7FF2F65CFFE84D1BC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pati, S. K.;Thackeray, T.;Khaire, A.	Pati, S. K., Thackeray, T., Khaire, A. (2016): Five new species of freshwater crabs of the genera Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, 2014, and Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904) from the Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 4083 (4): 569-586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.7
03EC87B9FFDAFFE9FF2F6414FB02D481.text	03EC87B9FFDAFFE9FF2F6414FB02D481.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ghatiana splendida Pati & Thackeray & Khaire 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ghatiana splendida n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 5, 6)</p>
            <p>Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 20.14 mm, cl 14.84 mm, ch 10.32 mm, fw 8.04 mm), Near Khamada Temple, Chaukul, ca. 10 km south east of Amboli, Sawantwadi taluk, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra (15.878° N and 74.031° E), altitude 853 m, 7 July 2015, coll. Tejas Thackeray (ZSI, WRC-C.1511); paratypes, two males (cw 15.60–19.52 mm, cl 11.68–14.48 mm, ch 8.58–10.10 mm, fw 6.24–8.04 mm) and two females (cw 14.66–17.12 mm, cl 11.00– 12.46 mm, ch 7.56–9.60 mm, fw 5.60–6.70 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC-C.1512).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Carapace slightly broader than long (cw/cl = 1.3–1.4), highly arched (ch/cl = 0.69–0.77), narrow posteriorly; dorsal surface entirely smooth, deep pink coloured; anterolateral margin long, curved, smooth, entire or cristate; posterolateral margin with short, indistinct, oblique striations; front vertically deflexed, broad (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle low, indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe with rounded apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 5A, B). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 5C, F). Male abdomen long, T-shaped; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad, with lateral margins gently diverging distally; telson long (Figs. 5C, G). G1 slightly curved outwards; terminal article straight, cylindrical, long, ca. 0.45 times length of subterminal segment (Figs. 6A–C). G2 terminal article very short or vestigial (Fig. 6D).</p>
            <p>Description of holotype. Carapace slightly broader than long (cw/cl = 1.4), highly arched (ch/cl = 0.70), narrow posteriorly; dorsal surface entirely smooth except for few indistinct striations on lateral sides; anterolateral carapace inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin long, curved, smooth, entire; posterolateral margin with short, indistinct, oblique striations; front depressed at middle, vertically deflexed, broad (fw/cw = 0.4); frontal margin straight; epigastric cristae distinct, low, broad, blunt; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle low, indistinct; epibranchial tooth indistinct or visible as weak notch; postorbital region shallow; branchial regions inflated, almost smooth; subhepatic region with fine striations; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, deep, wide, extending towards frontal region, bifurcate posteriorly; H-groove faintly visible; frontal median triangle incomplete with only dorsal margin; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with rounded apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 5A, B).</p>
            <p>Chelipeds smooth, unequal; left chela much larger; each finger of major cheliped with only six or seven distinct, blunt teeth, fingers meeting only at tip, leaving large gape (Fig. 5D); dactylus of major cheliped equal in length to palm; palm almost as high as long; carpal spine distinct, blunt; carpus devoid of bristles; outer surface of merus slightly rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with fine, small tuft of brownish bristles mostly on margins; dactylus (p3–p5) longer than propodus; longest propodus (p3) 2.5 times as long as broad (Fig. 5E).</p>
            <p>Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves; s1–s4 sparsely setose (Figs. 5C, F).</p>
            <p>Male abdomen elongated, T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite broader than long with concave lateral margins, distal width shorter than proximal width; sixth abdominal somite longer than broad, with lateral margins gently diverging distally, proximal width equal to distal width; telson elongated, broadly rounded at apex; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, conspicuously long, extending much beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 5C, G).</p>
            <p>Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed; exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium indistinct; merus quadrangular, slightly depressed, anterior external angle of merus right angled (Fig. 5H).</p>
            <p>G1 short, slightly curved outwards; terminal article straight, cylindrical, long, ca. 0.45 times length of subterminal segment, tip pointed; subterminal segment broader than terminal article, basal half broader than distal half (Figs. 6A–C). G2 short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half of basal segment distinctly broader than distal half (Fig. 6D).</p>
            <p>Live colour. Carapace and chelipeds are deep pink, and ambulatory legs are orange (Figs. 2B, 5A).</p>
            <p>Paratypes. Paratype specimens are almost identical to the holotype in carapace morphology and gonopod structures. All paratypes except the larger male (ZSI, WRC- C.1512) have a cristate anterolateral margin and visible epibranchial tooth. Major chelipeds of the female paratypes have a higher number (9 or 10) of distinct, blunt teeth, and the gape formed between their fingers is smaller than that of the holotype and male paratypes.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin splendidus meaning ‘gorgeous or splendid’, referring to striking deep pink colour of the carapace and chelipeds.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Chaukul, ca. 10 km south east of Amboli, Sawantwadi taluk, Sindhudurg district, Maharashtra (15.878° N and 74.031° E) (altitude 853 m).</p>
            <p> Remarks. The colour pattern of  G. splendida n. sp. is unique among congeners i.e. carapace and chelipeds are deep pink, and ambulatory legs are orange (Figs. 2B, 5A).  Ghatiana splendida n. sp. can be differentiated among congeners by the following suite of characters: carapace with long anterolateral margin; epistomal median lobe with rounded apex; male thoracic sternites s1, s2 sparsely setose; sixth male abdominal somite with lateral margins gently diverging distally; G1 terminal article short, ca. 0.45 times the length of the subterminal segment (Figs. 5A– C, F, G, 6A). </p>
            <p> While many morphological features and gonopod structures of  G. splendida n. sp. and  G. aurantiaca appear superficially similar, the two species are nevertheless distinguished by the contrasting colours of the ambulatory legs (orange) and carapace, chelipeds (deep pink), long anterolateral margin, sparsely setose male thoracic sternites s1, s2, and distally, gently diverging lateral margins of the sixth male abdominal somite of the former (Figs. 2B, 5A, F, G) as compared to the uniform orange-red body colour, short anterolateral margin, heavily setose male thoracic sternites s1, s2, and distally, gently converging lateral margins of the sixth male abdominal somite of the latter (see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: figs. 2A, C, 3A, B, 8A). </p>
            <p> Ecological notes.  Ghatiana splendida n. sp. was observed either foraging or resting in crevices of basaltic rock formations along the slopes of a vast mountain plateau (T. Thackeray, unpublished data). Some individuals were found to share the same crevice. Crevices and holes contained rainwater. Mountain plateau is exposed to strong wind and heavy rainfall during the monsoon, but remain quite dry during rest of the year. Therefore, moist crevices of the natural rock formations might be the hiding place for this species in adverse conditions. </p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Ghatiana splendida n. sp. is known only from the type locality, Chaukul near Amboli in Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. Individuals were also seen near the Hiranyakeshwar Temple, approximately 3 km south east Amboli during January 2010 (K. Patil, personal communication). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87B9FFDAFFE9FF2F6414FB02D481	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pati, S. K.;Thackeray, T.;Khaire, A.	Pati, S. K., Thackeray, T., Khaire, A. (2016): Five new species of freshwater crabs of the genera Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, 2014, and Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904) from the Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 4083 (4): 569-586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.7
03EC87B9FFD5FFEAFF2F6585FD34D74C.text	03EC87B9FFD5FFEAFF2F6585FD34D74C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gubernatoriana alcocki Pati & Thackeray & Khaire 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gubernatoriana alcocki Pati n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 7, 8)</p>
            <p>Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 12.2 mm, cl 9.66 mm, ch 6.1 mm, fw 4.6 mm), Vankusawade, near Ghanbi Vatole, Patan taluk, Satara district, Maharashtra (17.449° N and 73.829° E), altitude 1082 m, 22 July 2014, coll. S.S. Kamble &amp; Party (ZSI, WRC-C.1513); paratypes, two males (cw 13.72–14.76 mm, cl 10.92–11.78 mm, ch 7.24–7.76 mm, fw 5.30–5.68 mm) and two females (cw 11.30–13.72 mm, cl 8.94–10.92 mm, ch 5.98–7.24 mm, fw 4.56–5.30 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC-C.1514).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.3); dorsal surface smooth, olive-brown coloured; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 7A, B). Finger tips of chelipeds pointed (Fig. 7D). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 7C, F). Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal to telson length; telson short; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 7C, G). G1 with slender, cone-shaped, long terminal article, ca. 0.4 times length of subterminal segment, tip slightly curving inwards (Figs. 8A–C). G2 with very short or vestigial terminal article (Fig. 8D).</p>
            <p>Description of holotype. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.3); dorsal surface smooth; anterolateral carapace gently inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, square cut, nearly flat, frontal margin slightly concave, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible, smooth; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; postorbital region shallow; branchial regions gently inflated; subhepatic region slightly rugose; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, with bifurcation posteriorly; H-groove visible, shallow; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 7A, B).</p>
            <p>Chelipeds unequal; right chela larger, smooth, fingers with two or three larger teeth, distinct gape when finger tips in contact (Fig. 7D); length of dactylus greater than length of upper margin of palm; carpal spine small, blunt; outer surface of merus rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with fine, long tuft of brownish bristles on anterior margin of merus, carpus, propodus, dactylus, posterior margin of propodus, dactylus; dactylus (p2–p5) slightly longer than propodus; longest propodus (p3) two times as long as broad (Fig. 7E).</p>
            <p>Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 7C, F).</p>
            <p>Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite distinctly broader than long, with concave lateral margins; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal in length to telson, with slightly concave lateral margins; telson short, broadly triangular with almost straight outer margins; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 7C, G).</p>
            <p>Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed; exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium distinct, subparallel to inner margin; merus with rounded anterior external angle, depression towards inner sides (Fig. 7H).</p>
            <p>G1 with slender, cone-shaped, long terminal article, ca. 0.4 times length of subterminal segment, tip broad, slightly curving inwards, joint between terminal article, subterminal segment clear; subterminal segment broader than terminal article, basal half broader than distal half (Figs. 8A–C). G2 conspicuously short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half portion of basal segment much stouter than distal half portion (Fig. 8D).</p>
            <p>Live colour. Live crabs are olive-brown but their hands are orange-brown (Figs. 2C, 7A).</p>
            <p>Paratypes. Paratypes are identical to the holotype in all morphological features barring females (ZSI, WRC- C.1514), in which chelipeds are almost equal, their fingers have 12 to 14 small, blunt teeth, and the gape between fingers is comparatively small.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Species is named in the honour of British physician, naturalist, and carcinologist Major Dr. Alfred William Alcock.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Vankusawade, near Ghanbi Vatole, Patan taluk, Satara district, Maharashtra (17.449° N and 73.829° E) (altitude 1082 m).</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Gubernatoriana alcocki n. sp. is similar to its congeners except  G. basalticola by the presence of following suite of morphological characters: carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.1–1.3), posterolateral margin nearly straight to slightly convergent, frontal margin narrow (fw/cw = 0.3–0.4), epistomal median lobe with an acute apex, telson short, and G2 terminal article very short or vestigial (Figs. 7A–C, G, 8D). </p>
            <p> A diagnostic feature of  G. alcocki n. sp. is the inwardly curved tip of the G1 terminal article (Figs. 8A, C). Otherwise,  G. triangulus and  G. gubernatoris are more similar to  G. alcocki n. sp. among congeners due their long G1 terminal article, ca. 0.4–0.5 times the length of the subterminal segment (see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: fig. 7E for  G. triangulus ; Pati &amp; Sharma 2014b: pl. VII, fig. 7D for  G. gubernatoris ). The terminal article of the G1 of  G. basalticola ,  G. pilosipes ,  G. thackerayi n. sp. and  G. waghi n. sp. is short, ca. 0.3–0.35 times the length of the subterminal segment (Fig. 10A for  G. thackerayi , Fig. 12A for  G. waghi ; see Klaus et al. 2014: fig. 3D for  G. basalticola ; Pati &amp; Sharma 2014b: pl. VIII, fig. 8D for  G. pilosipes ). While the male sternoabdominal cavity of  G. alcocki n. sp. and  G. triangulus is long, extending beyond the level of the third maxilliped bases (Fig. 7C; see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: fig. 6C for  G. triangulus ), that of the  G. gubernatoris is short, extending beyond the level of the cheliped bases (see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014b: pl. VII, fig. 7C). The distal portion of the G1 terminal article is distinctly broader than its proximal portion, and the subterminal segment appears slimmer in  G. alcocki n. sp. (Fig. 8A) when compared to the distinctly narrow distal portion of the G1 terminal article, and stout, triangular appearance of the subterminal segment of  G. triangulus (see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: fig. 7E for  G. triangulus ). Furthermore,  G. alcocki n. sp. can be distinguished from  G. triangulus by the triangular, distinct exorbital angle (Fig. 7A) [vs. low, indistinct exorbital angle (see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: fig. 6A)] and from  G. gubernatoris by the long outer margin of the exorbital angle (Fig. 7A) [vs. short outer margin of the exorbital angle (see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014b: pl. VII, fig. 7A for  G. gubernatoris )]. </p>
            <p> Gubernatoriana basalticola has some unique morphological features [strongly transverse carapace (cw/cl = 1.8), distinctly convergent posterolateral margin, conspicuously broad frontal margin (fw/cw = 0.7), massive major chela, and elongated G2 terminal article (see Klaus et al. 2014: figs. 3A–C)] that neither its congeners nor its related genera (  Ghatiana Pati &amp; Sharma, 2014 and  Inglethelphusa Bott, 1970 ) possess, and this supports recognizing the taxon as a new genus (Klaus et al. 2014). Molecular studies are suggested to solve the problem. </p>
            <p> Ecological notes. Specimens of  G. alcocki n. sp. were collected beneath medium sized (25–35 mm) pebbles in ephemeral streams and from the adjacent rock formations on a high mountain plateau. This species might be confined to high altitude areas of the Western Ghats since the species is not so far recorded from mountain crests or slopes (S.K. Pati, unpublished data). Individuals were found in association with Bombay Swampeel,  Monopterus cf. indicus (Silas &amp; Dawson, 1961). The new species and the eel are abundant at Vankusawade, which is the breeding ground for both. On one occasion, an eel was observed preying upon a crab (B.V. Jadhav, personal communication). Due to the small size of juvenile eels, crabs might also be predating on these young eels. Crabs are generally found in large numbers on the mountain plateau during the monsoon (June to September), but large populations were seen even during dry seasons. </p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Gubernatoriana alcocki n. sp. is known only from the type locality, Vankusawade near Ghanbi Vatole in Satara district of Maharashtra. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87B9FFD5FFEAFF2F6585FD34D74C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pati, S. K.;Thackeray, T.;Khaire, A.	Pati, S. K., Thackeray, T., Khaire, A. (2016): Five new species of freshwater crabs of the genera Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, 2014, and Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904) from the Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 4083 (4): 569-586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.7
03EC87B9FFD7FFEFFF2F6309FDB4D094.text	03EC87B9FFD7FFEFFF2F6309FDB4D094.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gubernatoriana thackerayi Pati & Thackeray & Khaire 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gubernatoriana thackerayi Pati n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 9, 10)</p>
            <p>Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 9.58 mm, cl 7.82 mm, ch 4.14 mm, fw 3.40 mm), Raghuvir Ghat, ca. 3 km south west of Shindi village, Khed taluk, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra (17.698° N and 73.589° E), altitude 499 m, 5 July 2015, coll. Tejas Thackeray (ZSI, WRC-C.1515); paratypes, one male (cw 10.16 mm, cl 7.90 mm, ch 4.48 mm, fw 3.52 mm) and seven females (cw 10.50–13.10 mm, cl 8.28–10.02 mm, ch 4.80–5.70 mm, fw 3.62–4.32 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC-C.1516).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.2–1.3); dorsal surface smooth, violet-red coloured; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, narrow (fw/cw = 0.33–0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 9A, B). Fingers of chelipeds broadly rounded or spoon tipped (Fig. 9D). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 9C, F). Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal to telson length; telson short; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 9C, G). G1 with stout, cone-shaped, short terminal article, ca. 0.33 times length of subterminal segment, tip straight (Figs. 10A–C). G2 with very short or vestigial terminal article (Fig. 10D).</p>
            <p>Description of holotype. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.2); dorsal surface smooth; anterolateral carapace gently inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, squarecut, nearly flat, frontal margin nearly straight, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible, smooth; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; postorbital region shallow; branchial regions gently inflated; subhepatic region smooth; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, extending to frontal region, with slight bifurcation posteriorly; Hgroove visible, shallow; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 9A, B).</p>
            <p>Chelipeds unequal; left chela slightly larger, smooth; teeth on fingers small, blunt, rounded; small gape when tips of major chela in contact; fingers of chelipeds broadly rounded or spoon tipped (Fig. 9D); length of dactylus greater than length of upper margin of palm; carpal spine small, blunt; outer surface of merus slightly rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with fine, long tuft of brownish bristles on anterior margin of carpus, propodus, dactylus, posterior margin of propodus, dactylus; dactylus (p2–p5) equal in length to propodus; longest propodus (p4) two times as long as broad (Fig. 9E).</p>
            <p>Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 9C, F).</p>
            <p>Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite distinctly broader than long, with concave lateral margins; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal in length to telson, with slightly concave lateral margins; telson short, broadly triangular with almost straight outer margins; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 9C, G).</p>
            <p>Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed; exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium distinct, not parallel to inner margin; merus with rounded anterior external angle, depression towards inner sides (Fig. 9H).</p>
            <p>G1 with stout, cone-shaped, short terminal article, ca. 0.33 times length of subterminal segment, with straight tip, joint between terminal article, subterminal segment clear; subterminal segment broader than terminal article, basal two-thirds broader than distal one-third (Figs. 10A–C). G2 conspicuously short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half portion of basal segment much stouter than distal half portion (Fig. 10D).</p>
            <p>Live colour. Carapace and ambulatory legs are violet-red, chelipeds orange-red (Fig. 2D). Specimens preserved in ethanol have red-orange carapace and ambulatory legs, and orange chelipeds (Fig. 9A).</p>
            <p>Paratypes. Paratypes are almost undistinguishable in morphology from the holotype. All the female paratypes (ZSI, WRC- C.1516) have chelipeds that are nearly equal in size. The sixth abdominal somite of the male paratype (ZSI, WRC- C.1516) has almost straight lateral margins.</p>
            <p>Etymology. The species is named after Mr. Tejas Thackeray, a wildlife conservationist and the collector of the type specimens.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Raghuvir Ghat, near Shindi village, Khed taluk, Ratnagiri district, Maharashtra (17.698° N and 73.589° E) (altitude 499 m).</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. is exceptional amongst congeners due to its striking live colour pattern, with the carapace and ambulatory legs violet-red and orange-red chelipeds (Fig. 2D).  Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. can be also differentiated from its congeners by the stout, cone-shaped G1 terminal article (Figs. 10A, C). </p>
            <p> Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. closely resembles its congeners in morphology, particularly  G. pilosipes . The cheliped fingers of both species are broadly rounded or spoon tipped (Fig. 9D; see Bott 1970: pl. 34, fig. 34 for  G. pilosipes ).  Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. is easily distinguished from  G. pilosipes by the comparatively short ambulatory legs (vs. comparatively long ambulatory legs), indistinct suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 (vs. visible suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3), long male sternoabdominal cavity, extending beyond the level of the third maxilliped bases (vs. short male sternoabdominal cavity, extending beyond the level of the cheliped bases), stout, cone-shaped terminal article (vs. slender, cone-shaped terminal article) (Figs. 9A, C, F, 10A, C; see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014b: pl. VIII, figs. 8A–D). </p>
            <p>Ecological notes. Specimens were collected from interior of horizontal crevices along the slopes of natural rock formations. The possibility of water accumulation is much less due to the horizontal structure of the crevices. Few rainfed temporary streams were also flowing across the slopes. Crabs were seen active during the day time. Individuals were observed feeding on worms (T. Thackeray, unpublished data).</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Gubernatoriana thackerayi n. sp. is known only from the type locality, Raghuvir Ghat in Ratnagiri district of Maharashtra. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87B9FFD7FFEFFF2F6309FDB4D094	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pati, S. K.;Thackeray, T.;Khaire, A.	Pati, S. K., Thackeray, T., Khaire, A. (2016): Five new species of freshwater crabs of the genera Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, 2014, and Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904) from the Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 4083 (4): 569-586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.7
03EC87B9FFD2FFF1FF2F677CFBC4D484.text	03EC87B9FFD2FFF1FF2F677CFBC4D484.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gubernatoriana waghi Pati & Thackeray & Khaire 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Gubernatoriana waghi Pati n. sp.</p>
            <p>(Figs. 11, 12)</p>
            <p>Type material. INDIA: adult male, holotype (cw 16.64 mm, cl 12.90 mm, ch 8.00 mm, fw 6.58 mm), On the trekking route for Harishchandragad from Paachnai, Akole taluk, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra (19.404° N and 73.780° E), altitude 1065 m, 1 October 2014, coll. P.L. Wagh (ZSI, WRC-C.1517); paratypes, three males (cw 13.12–15.36 mm, cl 9.82–11.74 mm, ch 6.08–7.88 mm, fw 5.16–5.96 mm), same collection data as holotype (ZSI, WRC-C.1518).</p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.3); dorsal surface smooth, burnt orange coloured; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 11A, B). Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 11C, F). Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal to telson length; telson short; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 11C, G). G1 with slender, cone-shaped, short terminal article, ca. 0.3 times length of subterminal segment, with distal portion slightly curved inwards, tip straight (Figs. 12A–C). G2 with very short or vestigial terminal article (Fig. 12D).</p>
            <p>Description of holotype. Carapace quadrate (cw/cl = 1.3); dorsal surface smooth; anterolateral carapace gently inflated in frontal view; anterolateral margin short, smooth, cristiform; posterolateral margin slightly convergent, with fine, oblique striations; front strongly deflexed, squarecut, nearly flat, frontal margin straight, narrow (fw/cw = 0.4); epigastric cristae faintly visible, smooth; postorbital cristae indistinct; exorbital angle triangular, distinct, with long outer margin, ca. 2 times length of inner margin; epibranchial tooth visible as weak notch; postorbital region shallow; branchial regions gently inflated; subhepatic region slightly rugose; cervical grooves indistinct; mesogastric groove long, with slight bifurcation posteriorly; H-groove visible, shallow; frontal median triangle incomplete; epistomal median lobe broadly triangular with acute apex, lacking median tooth (Figs. 11A, B).</p>
            <p>Chelipeds unequal; right chela larger, smooth, fingers with two or three larger teeth, distinct gape when tips in contact (Fig. 11D); length of dactylus greater than length of upper margin of palm; carpal spine small, blunt; outer surface of merus rugose. Ambulatory legs (p2–p5) long with fine, long tuft of brownish bristles with yellowish tips on anterior, posterior margins of propodus, dactylus; dactylus (p2–p5) slightly longer than propodus; longest propodus (p3) two times as long as broad (Fig. 11E).</p>
            <p>Suture between male thoracic sternites s2/s3 indistinct, suture between sternites s3/s4 missing except for two short lateral grooves (Figs. 11C, F).</p>
            <p>Male abdomen narrowly T-shaped; fifth abdominal somite distinctly broader than long, with concave lateral margins; sixth abdominal somite slightly broader than long, nearly equal in length to telson, with slightly concave lateral margins; telson short, broadly triangular with almost straight outer margins; male sternoabdominal cavity deep, long, extending beyond level of bases of third maxillipeds (Figs. 11C, G).</p>
            <p>Mandibular palp with two joints, terminal joint bilobed; exopods of first, second maxillipeds with long flagellum; exopod of third maxilliped lacking flagellum, longer than ischium; ventral sulcus on ischium faint; merus with rounded anterior external angle, depression towards inner sides (Fig. 11H).</p>
            <p>G1 with slender, cone-shaped, short terminal article, ca. 0.3 times length of subterminal segment, with distal portion slightly curved inwards, tip broad, straight, joint between terminal article, subterminal segment clear; subterminal segment distinctly broader than terminal article, basal two-thirds distinctly broader than distal onethird (Figs. 12A–C). G2 conspicuously short with very short or vestigial terminal article; proximal half portion of basal segment much stouter than distal half portion (Fig. 12D).</p>
            <p>Live colour. Carapace is burnt orange, and chelipeds and ambulatory legs are ivory coloured (Fig. 2E).</p>
            <p>Paratypes. Paratypes are consistent with the holotype in carapace and gonopod features except for the smallest male (ZSI, WRC- C.1518), which has three or four larger teeth on the fingers of the major cheliped.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Species is named after its collector Dr. Prashant Wagh, zoologist.</p>
            <p>Type locality. Between Harishchandragad and Paachnai, Akole taluk, Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra (19.404° N and 73.780° E) (altitude 1065 m).</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. shares many morphological and gonopod features with its congeners. Nevertheless,  G. waghi n. sp. can be distinguished from them by the following suite of characters: carapace quadrate-shaped; frontal margin narrow; tips of the cheliped fingers pointed; G1 terminal article short; G2 terminal article very short or vestigial (Figs. 11A, B, D, 12A, D). In live crabs, the colour pattern is diagnostic, burnt orange carapace and ivory coloured chelipeds and ambulatory legs (Fig. 2E). </p>
            <p> Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. is more similar to  G. triangulus in the structure of its G1 due to proportionately stouter appearance of the subterminal segment as compared to the terminal article (Fig. 12A; see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: fig. 7E for  G. triangulus ).  Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. can be easily differentiated from  G. triangulus by its short G1 terminal article, ca. 0.3 times the length of the subterminal segment (vs. long G1 terminal article, ca. 0.5 times the length of the subterminal segment) and inwardly curved distal portion of the terminal article (vs. outwardly curved distal portion of the terminal article) (Figs. 12A, C; see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014a: figs. 7E, G for  G. triangulus ). </p>
            <p> The G1 structure of  G. waghi n. sp. is almost identical to that of  G. pilosipes as both have a short G1 terminal article (Fig. 12A; see Pati &amp; Sharma 2014b: pl. VIII, fig. 8D for  G. pilosipes ). However,  Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. is immediately distinguished from  G. pilosipes by its pointed cheliped fingers (vs. broadly rounded or spoon tipped cheliped fingers) and long male sternoabdominal cavity, extending beyond the level of third maxilliped bases (vs. short male sternoabdominal cavity, extending beyond the level of cheliped bases) (Figs. 11C, D; see Bott 1970: pl. 34, fig. 34 and Pati &amp; Sharma 2014b: pl. VIII, fig. 8C for  G. pilosipes ). </p>
            <p>Ecological notes. Individuals were collected under stones and small boulders of a narrow passage on the edge of mountain cliffs. Crabs may also occur inside the crevices of mountain cliffs.</p>
            <p> Geographical distribution.  Gubernatoriana waghi n. sp. is known only from the type locality, Harishchandragad in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. This species was seen in Pune district from Malshej Ghat, which is about 7 km south of Harishchandragad (R. Shah, personal communication). Its occurrence in other parts of the Western Ghats with similar habitats, i.e. mountain cliffs, is possible. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC87B9FFD2FFF1FF2F677CFBC4D484	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Pati, S. K.;Thackeray, T.;Khaire, A.	Pati, S. K., Thackeray, T., Khaire, A. (2016): Five new species of freshwater crabs of the genera Ghatiana Pati & Sharma, 2014, and Gubernatoriana Bott, 1970 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae Rathbun, 1904) from the Western Ghats, India. Zootaxa 4083 (4): 569-586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4083.4.7
