identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03EC8786FFDCFFBBEB99FABD90204363.text	03EC8786FFDCFFBBEB99FABD90204363.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kovalius Tchemeris 2023	<div><p>Genus Kovalius Tchemeris gen. nov.</p><p>Type species: Kovalius logunovi sp. nov. fixed by monotypy in the present paper.</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B0AD6236-A517-477C-8BE4-786840205195</p><p>Diagnosis. Leiobuninae having the following characters: 1) body rounded, medium-sized, integument soft (Figs 1–2). 2) Supra-cheliceral lamella small, without armament. 3) Chelicerae normal, medium sized, first segment with ventral spine (Figs 5–6). 4) Рedipalps with setae only (Fig. 3), patellae with distinctly pronounced inner apophysis exceeding half the length of the patellae, tibiae with small inner distal apophysis (Figs 3, 7), tarsal claw toothed (Fig. 4). 5) Coxae smooth, with setae only, without rows of denticles or tubercles near anterior and posterior margins (Fig. 2), femora I and III thickened, femora I especially thickened and more heavily armored than other legs (Figs 1–2), all legs covered with trichomes, tibia of legs II with 4–5 pseudosegments; 6) Penis structure unique (Figs 8–10) and described in detail in Table 1. 7) Coloration characteristic for Leiobuninae (Figs 1–2).</p><p>Relationships. To date, only two species of Nelima from the cave west and the North-West Caucasus only two representatives of Leiobuninae belonging to the genus Nelima Roewer, 1910 were known: N. doriae (Canestrini, 1871) and N. pontica Charitonov, 1941 . The new genus Kovalius is a member of the subfamily Leiobuninae and is close related to the genus Nelima, and can be distinguished by the characters as follows: pedipalps with inner apophysis on patellae and tibiae, femora I noticeably thickened and more heavily armed than other legs, penis structure unique and strongly differs from Nelima (Table 1).</p><p>Etymology. The new genus is named in honour of Dr. Alexander G. Koval, the Russian entomologist and biospeleologist (Saint Peterburg, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection), professional collector and author of a series of publications devoted to the cave fauna of the Caucasus and Crimea.</p><p>Type species. Kovalius logunovi sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC8786FFDCFFBBEB99FABD90204363	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tchemeris, Aleksey N.	Tchemeris, Aleksey N. (2023): Kovalius-a new genus of cave-dwelling harvestmen from the Caucasus (Opiliones Sclerosomatidae: Leiobuninae). Zootaxa 5227 (4): 486-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.4.6
03EC8786FFDDFFB2EB99F9B891424460.text	03EC8786FFDDFFB2EB99F9B891424460.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kovalius logunovi Tchemeris 2023	<div><p>Kovalius logunovi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1–10</p><p>http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6CEEB178-48E9-4015-BB73-46A550724289</p><p>Types. Holotype male(ZIN5201) Russia, NW Caucasus,region of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.858887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.688614" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.858887/lat 43.688614)">Sochi</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.858887&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=43.688614" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.858887/lat 43.688614)">Alek Mt Range</a>,gorge ofAts River, 300m a.s.l., SokolovaCave,[43°41'19''N / 039°51'32''E], 17.IX.2015. A.G.Kovalleg . Paratypes: 1male,(ISEA O.001.0291), 1female (ZIN 5202)—idem .</p><p>Etymology. The new species is named in honour of my mentor Dr. Dmitri V. Logunov, the Russian and English arachnologist (Manchester, UK), professional collector and author of a number of publications on world fauna of spiders, in particular the family Salticidae and some papers about Opiliones of Siberia.</p><p>Description. MALE. Measurements. Body: length 3.52; abdomen maximal width 2.60. Carapace length: 1.12; maximal width 1.92. Clypeus length (distance between anterior margin of carapace and ocularium): 0.58. Eye tubercle width: 0.54. Chelicera: basal segment 1.07 long; distal segment 1.64 long; chela maximal length 0.63. Length of pedipalpal trochanter, femur, patella, tibia and tarsus: 0.26 + 1.38 + 0.56 (apophysis 0.30 not included in total length) + 0.90 + 1.71 = 4.81. Length of leg segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus): I: 4.83 + 1.37 + 5.48 + 6.04 + 10.17 = 27.89; II: 8.87 + 1.80 + 9.72 + 8.92 + 23.47 = 52.78; III: 4.91 + 1.52 + 5.23 + 6.93 + 12.14 = 30.73; IV: 6.35 + 1.49 + 7.38 + 9.43 + 16.72 = 41.37. Penis 1.72 long, base width 0.225, glans 0.21 long, stylus 0.14 long.</p><p>Body medium sized with soft integument (Figs 1–2). Carapace with scant short setae, carapace clearly separated from abdomen. Ozophores distinct. Ocularium (Figs 1 -25) stocky, bearing scant short setae. Supra-cheliceral lamella small, unarmed. Meta- and mesopeltidium and all abdominal tergites and sternites with transverse rows of short setae.</p><p>Chelicerae of typical size (Figs 5-6). First segment with ventral spine, dorsally with group of short setae. Second segment anteriorly with short and long setae, ectal surface with short setae grouped near chela.</p><p>Pedipalps not elongate (Figs 1, 3, 7). Patellae with distinctly pronounced inner apophysis exceeding half the length of patellae (Fig. 7). Tibiae with small inner distal apophysis. Patellae, tibiae and tarsi densely covered with microsetae. All segments with variable length setae, longer on ventral surface of femur. Tarsal claw toothed (Fig. 4).</p><p>Legs not long, thin, cylindrical in cross section (Fig. 1). Femora I and III thickened, noticeably thickened femora I and provided with more developed armament than on other legs. All segments densely covered with trichomes and each accompanied by microsetae - a ‘sensillum chaeticum’. Coxae covered with long setae. Femora, patellae and tibiae with rows of short setae and acute inclined tubercles, more prominent on femora I. Tibia II with 4–5 pseudosegments.</p><p>Penis weakly sclerotized (Figs 8–10) with extended base. Corpus, glans and stylus fused. Corpus moderately expanded from the glans towards the middle and narrowed to the base, ventrally with microdenticles from the center to the base (Fig. 9). Wing-like oval structures directed upwards are provided below the middle of the corpus. These 'wings' are weakly developed and slightly protruding over sides of the corpus forming membrane-like cover. Glans in lateral view strongly expanded and forms a ‘window’ tightened by a transparent membrane in the center (Fig. 8). Due to the thin cuticle protruding beyond the edge, the stylus in lateral view looks like harpoon. Apex of the stylus appearing flat in dorsal and ventral view, with widened base with lateral micropores. Base of penis sclerotized (Fig. 10), wide and with two lobes.</p><p>Body darker dorsally, carapace with brownish patterns and spots, laterally with dark brown and whitish spots. Abdomen dark ochre in center and with large dark brown patterns and small round and oval light ochre spots on sides, anteriorly with light ochre band, last tergites entirely dark brown. Ocularium dark brown. Venter light ochre to ochre on coxae and ochre-brown on abdomen. Chelicerae light ochre with ochre spots. Pedipalps ventrally light ochre; femora, patellae, tibiae dorsally brown with small rounded ochre spots, tarsi completely ochre. Legs ochre, with small brown and light ochre spots on trochanters. Penis light ochre, with stylus and ventral border of glans brown.</p><p>FEMALE. Measurements. Body: length 4.36; abdomen maximal width 2.88. Carapace length: 1.59; width in maximal 2.61. Clypeus length: 0.40. Eye tubercle width: 0.55. Chelicera: basal segment 1.01 long; distal segment 1.13 long; chela maximal long 0.54. Length of pedipalpal segments (trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, tarsus): 0.29 + 1.23 + 0.52 (apophysis 0.47 not included in total length) + 1.10 + 1.62 = 4.76. Length of leg segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus): I: 3.45 + 1.16 + 3.46 + 3.72 + 7.32 = 19.11; II: 6.22 + 1.68 + 6.63 + 5.82 + 18.82 = 39.17; III: 3.64 + 1.31 + 3.90 + 4.08 + 7.62 = 20.55; IV: 4.78 + 1.48 + 5.22 + 5.92 + 16.83 = 34.23.</p><p>General appearance as in male, but with longer, wider body. Apophysis of pedipalpal patellae and tibiae noticeably larger than in male. Tibia II same as male with 4–5 pseudosegments.</p><p>Ecology. Kovalius logunovi sp. nov. is a troglophilic species. The specimens were collected in Sokolova Cave about 15–25 m from its entrance, on the wall of the cave gallery in the subhorizontal part of the cave, slightly above the cave lake located at the entrance to the cave and on the wall of this gallery above the puddles located behind the lake (Figs 13–16). Light does not penetrate into the cave; there is always darkness and a cool cave microclimate. The 10.2 о С air temperature and almost 100% absolute air humidity were registered when specimens were collected.</p><p>Brief description of Sokolova (Atsinskaya) Cave Based on Caves (2017), Sokolova (Atsinskaya) Cave was formed in subhorizontal Upper Jurassic limestones, and presents the lower part of the hydrological system of the Alek Mt Range divided into small blocks. The cave's entrance gallery first drops sharply, forming a small siphon lake, then the cave passage turns into a series of ledges leading to an underground river. Forty meters from the fork upstream is situated 8-meter waterfall, behind which appear two parallel courses located at different levels. An underground river flows along the right (lower) course in 0.8–2.5-m depth; the left (upper) course is dry, with accumulations of clay, pebbles and numerous leaks. After 50 m, the passages merge again, forming one high gallery about 100 m in length. A lake with "upper" siphons is formed in a distant of the gallery. Extent of the cave is 600 m, depth 20 m, area 2000 m 2, volume 8400 m 3, altitude 65 m.</p><p>Remarks. The Sokolova Cave fauna is unique and is the type locality for two troglobiont species of ground beetles ( Insecta: Carabidae), Caucasaphaenops molchanovi Belousov, 1999 and Caucasorites kovali Belousov, 1999 (Belousov, 1999) .</p><p>Distribution. Russia: the type locality only (Fig. 17).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EC8786FFDDFFB2EB99F9B891424460	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tchemeris, Aleksey N.	Tchemeris, Aleksey N. (2023): Kovalius-a new genus of cave-dwelling harvestmen from the Caucasus (Opiliones Sclerosomatidae: Leiobuninae). Zootaxa 5227 (4): 486-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5227.4.6
