identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
52C540C08F9C78EF0723BDE238785D7E.text	52C540C08F9C78EF0723BDE238785D7E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia artifex (de Saussure 1854) de Saussure 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia artifex (de Saussure, 1854) rec. n. Figure 1A </p>
            <p> Icaria artifex de Saussure, 1854: 236. Type locality: Java. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia artifex ; Dover 1931: 257. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia artifex artifex ; van der Vecht 1941: 110. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia artifex fuscata van der Vecht 1941: 136. Type locality: N. Sumatra. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> CHINA: 3 ♀ (NWUM), Yaoqu, Mengla, Yunnan, 28-30.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀ (NWUM), Longmen, Shangyong, Yunnan, 26.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Jinghong Forestry Park, Yunnan, 31.vii.2003, J Lu (no. 20045916); 5 ♀ (ZJUH), Fugong, Yunnan, 24.viii.2003, Q Li (no. 20046662, -4, -6, -8, -70); 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Mt. Youle, Yunnan,17.iv.1981, JH He (no. 811876); 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Shuangjiang, Yunnan, 21.iv.1981, coll. JH He (no. 813609); 2 ♀ + 8 ♂ (ZJUH), Tongzhong, Shiwandashan, Guangxi, 3.xii.2001, ZF Xu (no. 20029971-4, -77-79, -80-82). INDONESIA: 2 ♀ (RMNH), W. Java: Djampang Tengah, 1634, M Walsh; 1 ♂ (RMNH), Udjung Kulon, Tjidaon, Java, 29.xi.1951, AMR Wegner. VIETNAM: 1 ♀ (RMNH), S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P., 50 km S. Buon Ma Thuot, Krong  K’Mar , 550-600 m, 23-25.x.2005, near rainforest, C van Achterberg &amp; R de Vries; 1 ♀ (RMNH), id., but 590-840 m, 22-26.x.2005, Malaise traps 13-23; 1 ♂ (RMNH), N. Vietnam: Viet Try, Thuong Cuu, near Thanh Son, 20°59'N, 105°8'E, 350-400 m, 12-16.x.1999, R de Vries. MYANMAR: 8 ♀ + 1 ♂ (RMNH), S. Shan state, Burma, 1500 m, Taunggyi, 1.  viii– 13.x.1934, R Malaise. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Some specimens have the apical margin of the second metasomal tergite flattened, not convex as in typical specimens. In the species  Ropalidia artifex , there are two subspecies e.g.  Ropalidia artifex artifex and  Ropalidia artifex fuscata van der Vecht 1941. Up to date, no distinct morphological differences between them were found, and it is hard to formally treat them as two distinct species (van der Vecht 1962, Nguyen et al. 2006). The Chinese specimens belong all to  Ropalidia artifex artifex . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Yunnan, Guangxi); Borneo; Java; Myanmar; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Vietnam (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Nguyen et al. 2006).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/52C540C08F9C78EF0723BDE238785D7E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
56248F884A5A61887AE962FFB18F971C.text	56248F884A5A61887AE962FFB18F971C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia bicolorata van der Vecht 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia bicolorata van der Vecht, 1962 Figure 1B </p>
            <p> Paraicaria bicolor Gribodo, 1892: 249 (preoccupied by  Ropalidia bicolor (Smith 1865 )). Type locality: Myanmar (Chan Yoma). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia bicolorata bicolorata van der Vecht, 1962: 38. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia bicolorata parvula van der Vecht, 1962: 38, 39. Type locality: N. Borneo (Bettotan near Sandakan). Syn. by Nguyen et al. 2006. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia bicolorata shiva Das &amp; Gupta, 1984: 428 (nomen nudum); 1989: 153. Type locality: India (Tripura). Syn. by Kojima et al. 2007. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> 1 ♀ (RMNH), syntype of  Paraicaria
bicolor
 , Chan Yoma, with a red handwritten label:  Paraicaria bicolor det. Gribodo. MYANMAR: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Burma, S. Shan States, 1500 m, Taunggyi, i.viii.-22.ix.1934, R Malaise. CHINA: 9 ♀ (NWUM), Longmen, Shangyong, Yunnan, 26-27.ix.2010, JL Tan; 2 ♀ (NWUM), Yaoqu, Mengla, Yunnan, 28-30.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀ (GSFA), Xishuangbanna, Wangtianshu, Yunnan,23.iv.2002, SP Sun; 3 ♀ (ZJUH), Ruili, Yunnan, 29.iv.1981, JH He, no. 811457, 811458, 811458; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Mengxiu, Ruili, Yunnan, 2-6.v.1981, JH He, no. 813071; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Menglian, Yunnan, 19.iv.1981, JH He, no. 812639. THAILAND: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Thailand, Doi Inthanon, 8.i.1958, Umesao. MALAYSIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), N. Borneo: Bettotan, near Sandakan, 26.vii.1927 (paratype of  Ropalidia bicolorata parvula van der Vecht, 1962). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Among the specimens from China, there are two colour forms, parvula and the nominate species bicolorata.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Yunnan); Borneo; India; Malaysia; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Nguyen et al. 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/56248F884A5A61887AE962FFB18F971C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
7E2B63DB5FE3E8A348D1EC4B454E5F57.text	7E2B63DB5FE3E8A348D1EC4B454E5F57.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia binghami van der Vecht 1941	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia binghami van der Vecht, 1941</p>
            <p> Icaria sumatrae ; Bingham, 1897: 387 (misidentification). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia binghami van der Vecht, 1941: 113. Type locality: Thailand (Siam). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia binghami binghami ; van der Vecht 1962: 8. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia sumatrae sumatrae ; Lee 1982: 88, 1985: 50. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> 1 ♀, Luang Prabang, Hat Thoun, Siam, 10. xi.1917, RV De Salvaza (holotype, BMNH) 1♂, Mergui, Tenasserim, May 1890, CT Bingham (allotype, BMNH. "This specimen bears a label in  Bingham’s handwriting: "  Icaria cotonata White ♀"). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> No specimens from China were available, but this species is included in the key because it has been listed for China by Lee (1982, 1985) as  Ropalidia (Anthreneida) sumatrae sumatrae (Weber). Considering the description and illustration of Lee (1982, 1985), we agree with Kojima and Carpenter (1997) and Kojima (2006) that it most likely concerns  Ropalidia binghami van der Vecht, 1941. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Guangdong); Myanmar; Thailand. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Lee 1982, 1985).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E2B63DB5FE3E8A348D1EC4B454E5F57	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
48700F121C9E1B3E4B025060BB583F3E.text	48700F121C9E1B3E4B025060BB583F3E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia birmanica van der Vecht 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia birmanica van der Vecht, 1962</p>
            <p> Ropalidia taiwana birmanica van der Vecht, 1962: 23. Type locality: Myanmar. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia birmanica : Kojima et al. 2007: 382. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> MYANMAR (specimens collected by R. Malaise are paratypes of  Ropalidia
taiwana birmanica
 ): 1 ♂ + 1 ♀ (RMNH), S. Shan States, road 40 km. E. of Tannggyi, 25.ix.-13.x.1934, R Malaise; 2 ♀ (RMNH), Burma, S. Shan States, 1500 m, Tannggyi, 1.  viii– 22.ix.1934, R Malaise; 2 ♀ (RMNH), N. East Burma, Sadon, 1200 m, 28.  vi– 5.vii.1934, R Malaise; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Sukii, 75 km, E. of Mouimein, Tenasserim, 600 m, 27-31.x.1934, R Malaise; 2 ♀ (RMNH), Nam Tamai valley, Upper Burma, 3000 ft, 27°42'N, 97°54'E, 26.viii.1938, R Kaulback, B.M. 1938-741. CHINA: 1 ♀ (ZJUH), West Mt. Tianmu,  Lin’an , Zhejiang, vi.1994, no. 940007, JH He; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Mt. Jiulong, Huishui, Guizhou, 11.vi.2010, JL Tan. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Guizhou, Fujian, Zhejiang), Myanmar. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48700F121C9E1B3E4B025060BB583F3E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
CB2991AD7FEBC3A016F17D81B3C41523.text	CB2991AD7FEBC3A016F17D81B3C41523.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia cyathiformis (Fabricius 1804) Fabricius 1804	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia cyathiformis (Fabricius, 1804) rec. n. Figure 1C </p>
            <p> Eumenes cyathiformis Fabricius, 1804: 289. Type locality: Java. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia cyathiformis ; van der Vecht 1941: 104. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>INDONESIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Java, Malang, 11.iv.1930, JG Betrem. CHINA: 1 ♀ (NWAM), Xishuangbanna, Mengla, Yunnan, 20.iv.1982, JR Zhou &amp; SM Wang.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Yunnan); Bali; India; Java; Lombok; Nepal; Malay Peninsula; Myanmar; Philippine Islands; Sumba, Sulawesi, Sri Lanka; Thailand; Vietnam. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB2991AD7FEBC3A016F17D81B3C41523	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
F9A9C76C16436844F3B04FC1E2AFE495.text	F9A9C76C16436844F3B04FC1E2AFE495.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia fasciata (Fabricius 1804) Fabricius 1804	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia fasciata (Fabricius, 1804) Figure 1D </p>
            <p> Eumenes fasciata Fabricius, 1804: 290. Type locality: Java. </p>
            <p> Polistes bioculata Fabricius, 1804: 278. Type locality: Nova Cambria. </p>
            <p> Icaria picta de Saussure, 1854: 238. Type locality: India (Le Bengale). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia fasciata ; van der Vecht 1959: 245. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> 1 ♂ (ZMUC), with three handwritten labels "Lectotype, J.v.d.Vecht, 1957", "  Ropalidia
fasciata
 (F.) ♂ = picta (Sauss.) det. v d Vecht, 1957", "E: fasciata, O. Java", and a red label:  “Type” , ZMUC 00241458. CHINA: 2 ♀ (ZJUH), Songtao Reservoir, Hainan, 17.vii.2002, ZF Xu (no. 20029573-4); 2 ♂ + 7 ♀ (CATAS), Nada, Danzhou, Hainan, N 19°05'17", E109°34'50", 143 m; 1 ♀ (NWUM), Yaoqu, Mengla, Yunnan, 30.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♂ (NWUM), Longmen, Shangyong, Yunnan, 27.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀ + 2 ♂ (ZJUH), Kaiyuan, Yunnan, v.1978, no. 780497, 780497, 780496, Y Huang; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Kaiyuan, Yunnan,1984, no. 841202, YC Liao; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Longchuan, Yunnan, 1981, no. 814945, SL Tao; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Yunjiang, Yunnan, 4.iv.1981, no. 811491, JH He; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Canton (= Guangzhou); 1 ♀ (RMNH), Canton, 12.xi.1932; 2 ♀ (ZJUH), Fengkai, Guangdong, 16-18.v.1992, no. 921925, JH He; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Foochow (= Fuzhou), Kellogg; 2 ♂ (RMNH), Canton, 10.xi.1932, O Piel, no. 5.13.10.61, (with a handwritten label: "  Ropalidia variegata , det. O Piel, 1935"); 4 ♀ (RMNH), N. Sanya, Gainan, Formosa, ii.1909, (labelled:  Ropalidia picta Sauss., det. J v d Vecht '33); 8 ♀ (RMNH), Anping, Formosa, vii.1911, H Sauter (labelled:  Icaria bioculata , det. Schulthess and  Ropalidia picta (Sauss.), det. J v d Vecht, 1940); 2 ♀ (RMNH), Taihorin, Formosa, vii.1911, H Sauter, (labelled:  Ropalidia variegata , det. Schulthess); 6 ♂ + 1 ♀ (RMNH), id., but 7.xii.1911; 4 ♂ (RMNH), id., but labelled "  Ropalidia picta (Sauss.), det. J v d Vecht, 1940"; 1 ♂ (RMNH), Formosa, Taihorinsho, H Sauter; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), Longquan, Zhejiang, 20.vii.1965, no. 65053.6, JH He &amp; DD Jin; 1 ♀, (ZJUH) Jingning, Zhejiang, vii.1994, no. 943782, SF Ye; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Suichang, Zhejiang, 4. vii.1980, no. 833877; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Mt. Jiulong, Suichang, Zhejiang, 18.vii.1994, no. 944048, JH He. MALAYSIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), N. Borneo, Sabah, 6 km S of Nabawan, near old airstrip 116°.27'E, 5°.2'N, 400 m, 24.vi.1987, J Huisman. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> China (Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang); Bali; Bangka; Borneo; Flores; India; Java; Kariman Djava I.; Myanmar; Nepal; Nias; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Timor; Palawan; Ryukyu Islands; Philippines (Palawan); Sri Lanka; Thailand; Vietnam. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007,  Barthélémy 2008). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F9A9C76C16436844F3B04FC1E2AFE495	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
E42E93C27EFB2F9BA0834BABE7CD4053.text	E42E93C27EFB2F9BA0834BABE7CD4053.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia flavopicta (Smith 1857) Smith 1857	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia flavopicta (Smith, 1857) Figure 1E </p>
            <p> Icaria flavopicta Smith, 1857: 99. Type locality: Borneo. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia flavopicta ; Bequaert 1918: 246. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia flavopicta flavopicta ; van der Vecht 1962: 42. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> MALAYSIA: 1 ♂ (RMNH), S. Sabah, near Long Pa Sia, c 1010 m, 25.xi.-8.xii.1987, Mal. trap, C van Achterberg; 1 ♂ (RMNH), S. Sabah, Beaufort, 0°20'S, 115°43'E, 1.iv.1987, J van Tol &amp; J Huisman; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Sabah, Brumas NBT, 23-27.iv.1973, KM Guichard. INDONESIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), W. Sumatra, Padangpanjang, 1.v.1988, 0°30'S, 100°26'E, R Hensen (labelled  Ropalidia flavopicta (Smith, 1857) by J. Kojima in 1996). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> No specimens from China were available in the present study, but this species was reported from China by Liu (1936-37). Van der Vecht (1962) recognized eight subspecies of  Ropalidia flavopicta . The identification characters of the species  Ropalidia flavopicta were not well enough defined before Kojima (1982, 1996a) re-examined the eight subspecies and concluded that eight valid species are involved. Therefore, the presence in China needs reconfirmation. </p>
            <p> Distribution . </p>
            <p>China (Hong Kong); Borneo; Malay Peninsula; Sumatra; Vietnam. (Liu 1936-37, van der Vecht 1962, Kojima 1996a, Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Nguyen et al. 2006)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E42E93C27EFB2F9BA0834BABE7CD4053	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
89A6CC932BF61C0DA00D50097519B689.text	89A6CC932BF61C0DA00D50097519B689.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia hongkongensis (de Saussure 1854) de Saussure 1854	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia hongkongensis (de Saussure, 1854) Figure 1F </p>
            <p> Icaria hongkongensis de Saussure, 1854: 239. Type locality: China (Hong Kong). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia hongkongensis hongkongensis Das &amp; Gupta, 1983: 418; Das and Gupta 1989: 111. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia hongkongensis juncta van der Vecht, 1941: 141. Type locality: W. Java. Syn. by Nguyen et al. (2006). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> CHINA: 1 ♂ (BMNH), Hummocks, Hainan, 24.v.1936, G. Ros, (allotype of  Ropalidia hongkongensis ); 1 ♀ (BMNH), Hongkong Peak, c. 1300 ft, 14-17.ix.1937, Miss Hurford, B.M. 1938-426; 9 ♀ + 5 ♂ (NWUM, RMNH), Yaoqu, Mengla, Yunnan, 28, 30.ix.2010, JL Tan; 2 ♀ (ZJUH), Hongmao Village, Yuanmen, Baisha, Hainan, 29.iv.2010, J.L. Tan; 1 ♀ + 2 ♂ (GSFA), Quannan, Jiangxi, 27.xi. &amp; 1.xii.2010, SC Li; 1 ♂ (ZJUH), Mt. Yunji, Xinfeng, Guangdong, 19.vi.2002, no. 20029072, ZF Xu; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Chengjia, Yangshan, Guangdong, 25.vii.2002, no. 20029350, ZF Xu; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Shaoguan, Guangdong, 12.ix.1992, no. 921802, JH He; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Fengkai, Guangdong,v.1992, no. 924296, XX Chen. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Guangdong, Hainan, Hong Kong, Jiangxi, Yunnan); Bangka; India; Java; Myanmar; Vietnam. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 update to 2006, Nguyen et al. 2006, Kojima et al. 2007)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/89A6CC932BF61C0DA00D50097519B689	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
DB90A14CE10D5AF01D7C1CD3F6C0F69F.text	DB90A14CE10D5AF01D7C1CD3F6C0F69F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia malaisei van der Vecht 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia malaisei van der Vecht, 1962 rec. n. Figure 1G </p>
            <p> Ropalidia malaisei van der Vecht, 1962: 42, 65; Das and Gupta 1983: 427; 1989: 113, 151; Gusenleitner 1996: 16; Kojima 1996a: 325, 328, 340. Type locality: Myanmar. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> MYANMAR: 4 ♂ (RMNH), N. East Burma: Sadon, 1200 m, 28.  vi– 5.vii.1934, R. Malaise (paratypes of  Ropalidia malaisei ). CHINA: 1 ♀ (NWUM), Longmen, Shangyong, Yunnan, 26.ix.2010, JL Tan; 20 ♀ (ZJUH, RMNH), Xishuangbanna Forestry Park, Yunan, 31.vii.2003 (no. 20045871, -74, -76, -77-82 (-79 in RMNH), -84-91, -93, -95), Q Jiang. </p>
            <p> Remarks . </p>
            <p>The yellow stripes of the mesoscutum are lacking in some individuals.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Yunnan), Myanmar. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB90A14CE10D5AF01D7C1CD3F6C0F69F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
C62DAA80D1ECFC17B3772B493612BC07.text	C62DAA80D1ECFC17B3772B493612BC07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier 1836) Lepeletier 1836	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia marginata (Lepeletier, 1836) Figure 1H </p>
            <p> Vespa ferruginea Fabricius, 1793: 280 (junior primary homonym of  Vespa ferruginea Gmelin, 1790). Type locality: India. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia ferruginea ; Bequaert 1918: 247. </p>
            <p> Epipona marginata Lepeletier, 1836: 541. Type locality:  “Inde” . </p>
            <p> Ropalidia marginata marginata ; van der Vecht 1941: 109, 117. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia marginata indica van der Vecht, 1941: 121 (replacement name for  Vespa ferruginea Fabricius, 1793). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia marginata sundaica van der Vecht, 1941: 122. Syn. by Nguyen et al. 2006. </p>
            <p> Icaria jucunda Cameron, 1898: 46. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia marginata jucunda (Cameron, 1898): van der Vecht 1941: 104. Syn. by Nguyen et al. 2006. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> VIETNAM: 1 ♀ (RMNH), S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P. 50 km S. Buon Ma Thuot, Krong  K’Mar , 550-600 m, 23-25.x.2005, near rainforest, C van Achterberg &amp; R de Vries; 1 ♂ (RMNH), S. Vietnam:  Dông Nai,  Cát Tien N.P., Head Quarters, 3.x.2005, at light, C van Achterberg &amp; R de Vries. INDIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), S. India, Madras State, Coimbatore, 1400 ft., v.1960, P Susai Nathan; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Madras, India; 1 ♂ (RMNH), India, Ajanda, 13.vii.1978, J Timor. INDONESIA: 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (RMNH), Java, Malang, Kawi, iv.1933, JG Betrem. SRI LANKA: 1 ♂ (RMNH), Col. Dist., Colombo, 50 ft., museum gardens, 15.i.1977, KV Krombein &amp; P Fernando. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> No specimens from China were available in the present study, but this species was reported from China by Lee (1982, 1985) as  Ropalidia (Anthreneida) ferruginea (Fabricius). However,  Lee’s (1982, 1985) description and illustration are far from suffcient to define the species.  Barthélémy (2008) recorded it from Hong Kong. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p> China (Guangdong, Hong Kong); Australia (Thursday Islands, Queensland); Bali; Bangka; Borneo; India; Java; Kariman Djava I.; Lombok; Malay Peninsula; Mariana Islands; Myanmar; New Britain; New Guinea; Pakistan; Palau Islands; Philippine Islands; Sri Lanka; Sulawesi; Sumatra; Sumba; Sumbawa; Talud Islands; Tukang Besi Islands; Vietnam; Volcano Islands. (Lee 1982, 1985, Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007,  Barthélémy 2008). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C62DAA80D1ECFC17B3772B493612BC07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
D465C7B5D6B8A8071CD0EF7F6C4F85F1.text	D465C7B5D6B8A8071CD0EF7F6C4F85F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia mathematica (Smith 1860) Smith 1860	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia
mathematica (Smith, 1860)
 Figure 1I </p>
            <p> Polybia mathematica Smith, 1860: 90. Type locality: Sulawesi (Makassar). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia mathematica mathematica ; van der Vecht, 1941: 110. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia mathematica binotata van der Vecht, 1941: 131. Syn. by Kojima et al. (2005). </p>
            <p> Icaria nigroplagiata Cameron, 1900: 498. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia mathematica nigroplagiata ; van der Vecht, 1941: 104. Syn. by Kojima et al. (2005). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia mathematica sumbaensis van der Vecht, 1962: 20. Syn. by Kojima et al. (2005). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> INDONESIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), W. Flores, Rana Mese, 1300 m, 21.xi.1949, Dr.  Bühler &amp; Dr. Sutter (labeled as  Ropalidia mathematica mathematica Smith, van der Vecht in 1956); 1 ♀ (RMNH), Moni, C. Flores, Wolowaru, 11.xi.1949, Dr.  Bühler &amp; Dr. Sutter; 16 ♀ + 7 ♂ (RMNH), Timor, Wiencke; 5 ♂ (RMNH), Batavia [= Jakarta], v.1908, E Jacobson; 1 ♂ (RMNH), Java, Mt. Gede, Tapos, 800 m, viii.1933, J v d Vecht; 2 ♀ (RMNH), W. Java, Pelabuan Ratu, 5-6.viii.1972, 0-50 m, J v d Vecht. SRI LANKA: 1 ♂ (RMNH), Col. Dist., Gamaha Botanic Garden, 28.i.1979, KV Krombein, PB Karunaratne, T Wijesinhe, S Siriwardane &amp; T Gunawardane (labeled  Ropalidia marginata marginata (Lep.) by van der Vecht in 1979). </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> No specimens from China were available in the present study, but the species was reported from China (Hong Kong) by  Barthélémy (2006, 2008). However, according to his pictures, at the base of the first metasomal tergum is a pair of distinct yellow lateral stripes as in typical  Ropalidia stigma . Therefore, the presence in China needs reconfirmation, but its presence in Vietnam and Thailand indicates that this species may occur in southern China. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>?China (Hong Kong), India, Thailand, Vietnam, Bangka, Sumatra, Java, Kariman Djava Isl., Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, Sumba, Timor, Sulawesi. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D465C7B5D6B8A8071CD0EF7F6C4F85F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
B60C4186EB47BAFBCD3F4B6C1A02D317.text	B60C4186EB47BAFBCD3F4B6C1A02D317.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia obscura Gusenleitner 1996	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia obscura Gusenleitner, 1996 rec. n. Figure 1J </p>
            <p> Ropalidia obscura Gusenleitner, 1996: 15; Kojima and van Achterberg 1997: 10. Type locality: Thailand. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> CHINA: 3 ♀ (NWUM), Mengla, Yaoqu, Yunnan, 27-30.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀ (NWUM), Longmen, Shangyong, Yunnan, 26.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀ (NWUM), Banna, Menglun, Yunnan, 5.x.2010, JL Tan. THAILAND: 1 ♀ (RMNH), 50 km SW Loei (17°20'N, 101°20'E), Phu Rua N. P, 14.vii.1986, R Hensen; (labeled  Ropalidia obscura Gusenleitner, 1996, by J Kojima in 1996). </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Yunnan), Thailand. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B60C4186EB47BAFBCD3F4B6C1A02D317	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
3FCE5241E15DACC6038CD84047A4F014.text	3FCE5241E15DACC6038CD84047A4F014.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia opifex van der Vecht 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia
opifex van der Vecht, 1962
 Figure 2A </p>
            <p> Ropalidia opifex van der Vecht, 1962: 42; Richards 1978: 128; Lee 1982: 86; 1985: 46, 51; Kojima 1996a: 325, 328. Type locality: Malaya (Penang). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> MALAYSIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Penang Hill, Penang, 2500 ft, 27.i.1959, H.T. Pagden (paratype of  Ropalidia opifex ). INDONESIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), E. Borneo, Begen River, Tabang, 26.ix.1956, AMR Wegner. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>No specimens from China were available in the present study, but this species was reported from China by Lee (1982, 1985).</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Yunnan); Borneo; Malay Peninsula. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/3FCE5241E15DACC6038CD84047A4F014	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
38A7D3AFA28340E11B12734E339097AC.text	38A7D3AFA28340E11B12734E339097AC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia ornaticeps (Cameron 1900) Cameron 1900	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia ornaticeps (Cameron, 1900) rec. n. Figure 2B </p>
            <p> Icaria ornaticeps Cameron, 1900: 496. Type locality: India. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia flavopicta ornaticeps ; van der Vecht 1962: 49. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia ornaticeps ; Yoshikawa et al. 1969: 167; Kojima 1996a: 325. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> CHINA: 1 ♀ (CATAS), Nada, Danzhou, Hainan, 19°5'17"N, 109°34'50"E, 143 m. VIETNAM: 46 ♀ + 1 ♂ (RMNH, IEBR),  Dông Nai,  Cát Tien N.P., Mal. traps, x.2005 &amp; iv.-v.2007, C van Achterberg &amp; R de Vries; 1 ♂ (RMNH), Thua Thien  Hué , Phong  Dién N.R., 23.iii.-6.iv.2001, Mal. traps 6-9, C van Achterberg &amp; R de Vries. THAILAND: 3 ♀, (RMNH), Chiang Khan, 17.vii.1986, R Hensen, with a label "Ropalidia ornaticeps (Cameron, 1900), det. J Kojima, 1996". </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> The clypeus is completely yellow, but sometimes with a small black spot; the occipital carina is variable, sometimes the carina is bent anteriorly as in  Ropalidia flavopicta . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Hainan); Cambodia; India, Malay Peninsula; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/38A7D3AFA28340E11B12734E339097AC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
B6569D8F5D25A012E8C8DDD4B78F6E84.text	B6569D8F5D25A012E8C8DDD4B78F6E84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia parartifex Tan & van Achterberg	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia parartifex Tan &amp; van Achterberg sp. n. Figures 2C, 3 </p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p> ♀ (NWUM), CHINA: Longmen, Shangyong, Yunnan, 27.ix.2010, JL Tan. Paratypes: 2 ♀ + 1 ♂ (NWUM, RMNH), same data as holotype; 1 ♀ (GSFA), Xishuangbanna, Wangtianshu, Yunnan, 610 m, 23.iv. 2002, SP Sun; 2 ♂ (ZJUH),  Jinghong Forestry Park, Yunnan, 31.vii.2003, no. 20045919, 20045938, J Lu; 2 ♀ (ZJUH), Mt. Youle, Yunnan,17.iv.1984, no. 811874, 811873, JH He; 1 ♀ + 2 ♂ (NWUM), Banna, Menglun Yunnan, 6.x.2010, JL Tan; 4 ♂ (NWUM), Yaoqu, Mengla, Yunnan, 28.ix.2010, JL Tan. THAILAND: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Chieng Dao, 19.1.1958, K. Yoshikawa (identified as  Ropalidia artifex (Sauss.) var. by van der Vecht in 1960); 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (RMNH), Siam, Chiangmai, 23.x.1922, F.4560, F.4571 (the female has the first tergite entirely black). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The new species is similar to  Ropalidia artifex , but differs as follows: clypeus of female largely black and apically yellow (yellow with a black arrow-shaped mark in  Ropalidia artifex ); second metasomal tergum entirely black and strongly swollen subapically (with yellow apical band apically and weakly swollen subapically); male genitalia: proximal margin of penis gradually contracted in dorsal view and with a comparatively small hook in ventral view (abruptly contracted in dorsal view and with a large hook in ventral view). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> ♀, length of body (head + mesosoma + metasomal segments  I–II ) 11-12 mm, fore wing 10.5-12 mm. </p>
            <p> Head. Head in frontal view about 1.2  × as wide as high; in dorsal view 2.2  × as wide as long, straightly contract behind eye, emarginate posteriorly, about 1.1  × as broad as mesonotum (including tegulae). Gena in lateral view about 0.7  × as wide as eye; occipital carina present completely, slightly sinuate laterally (Fig. 2C). Posterior ocelli slightly closer to each other than to anterior ocellus; OOL (posterior ocellus-ocular distance):diameter of ocellus:POL (distance between the two posterior ocelli) = 10:4:3. Inner eye margins converging ventrally, about 1.25  × further apart at vertex than at clypeus. Clypeus weakly convex, pointed apically, nearly 1.1  × wider than high. Inter-antennal distance slightly shorter than antenna-ocular distance. Antenna about 4.0 mm long, gradually thickened apically; scape slightly curved, about 4.4  × as long as its apical width; third article slightly more than 3.3  × as long as its apical width, about as long as fourth, fifth and sixth articles combined; terminal article bullet-shaped, about 1.2  × as long as its basal width (Fig. 3A). </p>
            <p> Mesosoma. Mesosoma robust, in dorsal view about 1.4  × as long as wide (Fig. 3B). Pronotum in dorsal view broadly and weakly rounded anteriorly, with lateral sides diverging posteriorly in straight lines; ventral corner gradually narrowed (Figs 2C, 3B); pronotal carina raised entirely and sinuate laterally. Scutellum trapezoid, strongly convex. Posterior face of propodeum weakly convex, without median complete furrow, slightly depressed in front of orifice (Fig. 3D). </p>
            <p> Metasoma. First segment elongate, about 3.5  × as long as high, 2.5  × as long as wide, weakly widening posteriorly from level slightly anterior to spiracle, widest at two thirds of its length and slightly contracted apically. Profile of second sternite in lateral view curved in anterior two thirds, with second tergite strongly swollen subapically (Fig. 3D, E). </p>
            <p> Sculpture . Body covered with fine tomentum except in apical half of clypeus and with sparse setae. Clypeus, front, antero-ventral area of mesopleuron, metapleuron and sides of propodeum with scattered fine punctures; vertex, pronotum, mesoscutum, scutellum and postero-dorsal area of mesopleuron reticulate-rugose; posterior face of propodeum densely striate; first metasomal tergite shiny, with fine and sparse punctures on anterior half, and dense punctures on its posterior half;  second–sixth metasomal segments dull, with dense punctures. </p>
            <p>Colour (Fig. 2C). Body black to blackish brown with irregular reddish brown patches on the following parts: upper half of clypeus, ventral part of ocular sinus, gena, pronotum, mesopleuron antero-dorsally and propodeum laterally, but clypeus apically, mandible basally, tegula, propodeum valve and basal narrow part of second metasomal segment yellowish brown; apical half of first metasomal segment reddish brown. Coxa basally with irregular small yellow stripes. Fore wing slightly brown tinged with pterostigma yellowish brown; marginal cell and median cell apically dark brown (Fig. 3C).</p>
            <p> Male (Figs 3  F–J ). Similar to female but head more transverse, in frontal view about 1.25  × as wide as high; in dorsal view 3.3  × as wide as long, directly contracted behind eyes (Figs 3F, G). Antenna with 13 articles, third to terminal articles with slightly raised tyloids (Fig. 3H). Frons, clypeus, mandible, ventral antenna and antero-ventral area of mesopleuron yellow. Male genitalia (Fig. 3J): proximal margin of penis gradually contracted in dorsal view and curved slightly into a hook in ventral view. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The species name is derived from  “para” (Latin for  “near” ) and  “artifex” , because it is similar to  Ropalidia artifex . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Yunnan); Thailand.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B6569D8F5D25A012E8C8DDD4B78F6E84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
5D36D33976BBCDAB13FAC3278C8C1EE5.text	5D36D33976BBCDAB13FAC3278C8C1EE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia rufocollaris (Cameron 1900) Cameron 1900	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia rufocollaris (Cameron, 1900) Figure 2D </p>
            <p> Icaria rufocollaris Cameron, 1900: 497. Type locality: India (Khasia Hills). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia rufocollaris rufocollaris ; Das and Gupta 1983: 421; 1989: 125. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia rufocollaris atrata van der Vecht, 1941: 139. Type locality: Thailand (Siam Doi Setep). Syn. by Nguyen et al. (2006). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>CHINA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Tibet, Khamba Jong, F.A.M. INDIA: 1 ♀ + 1 ♂ (RMNH), Khasia Hills, Assam; 1 ♀ (RMNH), British Sikkim, 200 m, valley at Tista Bridge, 8-15.xii.1934, R Malaise; 1 ♀ (RMNH), E. Himalayas, Pashok, 2000 ft, Darjiling district, 11.vi.16, LC Hartless; 1 ♀ (RMNH), India, Lushai Hills, Miso district, Thingsat, 2000-3500 ft, 9-10.ix.1960, F Schmid. MYANMAR: 1 ♂ (RMNH), Burma: Washaung, 20 km, East of Myitkyina, c 200 m, 14.vii.1934, R Malaise; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Nord East Burma: Punkatang, road Sadon-Myitkyina, 8.vii.1934, R Malaise.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Occipital carina is curved forward ventrally and the gena narrow ventrally; the propodeum has the yellow stripes merged, but are sometimes lacking.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Tibet); India; Laos; Myanmar; Thailand; Vietnam. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5D36D33976BBCDAB13FAC3278C8C1EE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
D024147E1E844540ACE818C9321B5BCC.text	D024147E1E844540ACE818C9321B5BCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia santoshae Das & Gupta 1989	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia
santoshae Das &amp; Gupta, 1989
 rec. n. Figure 2E </p>
            <p> Ropalidia santoshae Das &amp; Gupta, 1983: 422. Nomen nudum. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia santoshae Das &amp; Gupta, 1989: 111, 123, 156; Kojima et al. 2007: 382. Type locality: India. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> INDIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Sikkim, Kambur, 3280 ft, 15.viii.1959, F. Schmid; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Assam, Div. Kamens, Bokhar, 2200-2500 ft, 28.v.1961, F Schmid (both paratypes labelled "  Ropalidia santoshae Das L. l., det. J v d Vecht, 1981). CHINA: 1 ♀ (NWUM), Motuo, Tibet, 29°19'37.5"N, 95°19'44.6"E, 15.viii.2011, HL Yang &amp; JB Wang; 10 ♀ (NWUM), with same locality data, but 10.vii.2013, T Li. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>The specimens from China agree well with the examined paratypes from India.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Tibet); India. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D024147E1E844540ACE818C9321B5BCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
811121512F0D7E475A3CB86382ABAAEA.text	811121512F0D7E475A3CB86382ABAAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia scitula (Bingham 1897) Bingham 1897	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia scitula (Bingham, 1897) rec. n. Figure 2F </p>
            <p> Icaria scitula Bingham, 1897: 387. Type locality: India (Sikkam). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia scitula : van der Vecht 1941: 110, 142; Das and Gupta 1983: 428; Das and Gupta 1989: 113, 152, 172; Kojima et al. 2007: 389. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> INDIA: 1 ♂ (RMNH), India, Kulara, Kumaon, 12000 ft, 4.viii.1958, F Schmid. MYANMAR: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Carin  Chebá , Karen Hills, Kayin State, 900-1000 m, 5.viii.1988, L Fea. CHINA: 5 ♀ (ZJUH), Ruili, Yunnan, 1.v.1981, no. 812465, JH He. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Yunnan); India; Myanmar; Thailand. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/811121512F0D7E475A3CB86382ABAAEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
C2CE3B3577DAD036B9B9EC8AAFE88E8D.text	C2CE3B3577DAD036B9B9EC8AAFE88E8D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia stigma (Smith 1858) Smith 1858	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia stigma (Smith, 1858) Figure 2G </p>
            <p> Polybia stigma Smith, 1858: 114. Type locality: Borneo (Sarawak). </p>
            <p> Icaria stigma ; du Buysson 1913: 296. </p>
            <p> Parapolybia stigma ; von Schulthess 1913: 164. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia stigma stigma ; van der Vecht 1941: 110. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia stigma nigrolineata van der Vecht, 1962: 18. Syn. by Nguyen et al. (2006). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia stigma rufa van der Vecht, 1941: 130. Syn. by Nguyen et al. (2006). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> CHINA: 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Guishan, Heyuan, Guangdong, 18.v.2002, no. 20028494, ZF Xu; 1 ♀ (NWUM), Luofu, Huizhou, Guangdong, 250 m, 12.vii.2004, CT Zhang; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Dongzhong, Fangcheng, Guangxi, 8.xii.2001, ZQ He; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Baise, Guangxi, 2.vi.1982, no. 822126, JH He; 9 ♀ + 2 ♂ (NWUM), Yaoqu, Mengla, Yunnan, 27-30.ix.2010, JL Tan; 7 ♀ + 2 ♂ (NWUM), Longmen, Shangyong, Yunnan, 26-27.ix.2010, JL Tan; 1 ♀ (GSFA) Xishuangbanna, Wangtianshu, Yunnan, 610 m, 23.iv. 2002, SP Sun; 1 ♀ (NWAM), Yaoqu, Mengla, Yunnan, 640 m, 6.v.1991, GC Liu &amp; WZ Cai; 12 ♀ + 1 ♂ (NWUM), Beibeng, Motuo, Tibet, 10.viii.2011, HL Yang &amp; JB Wang; 1 ♀ (NWUM), Motuo, Tibet, (29°19'37.5"N, 95°19'44.6"E), 15.viii.2011, HL Yang &amp; JB Wang; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Hongmao Village, Yuanmen, Baisha, Hainan, 29.iv.2010, JL Tan; 2 ♀ (ZJUH), Bawangling, Hainan, 19.viii.2000, no. 200104356, -67, ZF Xu; 1 ♀ (CATAS), Leguang Farm, Ledong, Hainan, 14.vii.2011, 18°37'0"N, 109°6'39"E, no. 07018, WJ Zhu; 4 ♀ + 2 ♂ (CATAS), Nada, Danzhou, Hainan, 19°05'17"N, 109°34'50"E, 143 m. INDONESIA: 2 ♀ + 2 ♂ (RMNH), Sumatra/Ind., viii-ix.1989, F. Moussault. VIETNAM: 5 ♀ (RMNH), S. Vietnam: Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P., Krong  K’Mar , 550-610 m, 21-26.x.2005, C van Achterberg &amp; R de Vries, (mesoscutum with a pair of narrow yellow stripes vaguely visible in the reddish brown mark); 1 ♀ (RMNH), S. Vietnam:  Dông Nai,  Cát Tien N.P.,  Ficus trail, Mal. traps, c 100 m, 9-30.iv.2007, MP Quy &amp; NT Manh; 1 ♀ (RMNH), same data, but Botanical garden, Mal. traps 14-19, c 100 m, 14-20.v.2007, C van Achterberg &amp; R de Vries; 1 ♀ (RMNH), same data, but c 100 m, 6.x.2005, Ecotrail, C van Achterberg &amp; R de Vries (similar to Chinese specimens with small yellow spots on second tergite and sternite). MALAYSIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Penang Isl., Malaya, Batu Feringgi, 25.ii.1963, MA Lieftinck; 2 ♀ (RMNH), Perlis, Bukit Bingtang, Forest Res. (Kangar), 23.ii.1963, MA Lieftinck. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p>Specimens from Tibet are slightly darker than those from Yunnan and the basal yellow marks of the second sternite are very small or lacking. Chinese specimens have the gena slightly wider and the first tergite longer than other specimens, 3.0-3.5 times as long as high with small yellow patches. Specimens from Vietnam and Malaysia have the first tergite shorter, about 2.9 times as long as high with large yellow patches.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Tibet); Bali; Borneo; India; Java; Malay Peninsula; Myanmar; Nepal; Philippine Islands; Sri Lanka; Sumatra; Thailand; Vietnam. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Nguyen et al. 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2CE3B3577DAD036B9B9EC8AAFE88E8D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
8ADF27BDA58A1E9CD239D8F5909B20BF.text	8ADF27BDA58A1E9CD239D8F5909B20BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia sumatrae (Weber 1801) Weber 1801	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia sumatrae (Weber, 1801) Figure 2H </p>
            <p> Vespa sumatrae Weber, 1801: 103. Type locality: Sumatra. </p>
            <p> Icaria sumatrae ; de Saussure 1854: 241. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia sumatrae sumatrae van der Vecht, 1962: 35. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia sumatrae lugubris van der Vecht, 1941: 104. Syn. by Kojima et al. (2007). </p>
            <p> Icaria speciosa de Saussure, 1855: 374. Type locality: Sumatra. Syn. by van der Vecht (1941). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p>CHINA: 1 ♀ (NWAM), Menglun, Yunnan,19.v.1991, YL Wang &amp; RG Tian; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), id., but 12.iv.1981, JH He, no. 811796; 2 ♀ (ZJUH), Sanchahe, Yunnan, 10.iv.1981, JH He, no. 811812; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Mt. Youle, Yunnan,17.iv.1981, JH He, no. 811873. MALAYSIA: 2 ♂ (RMNH), Sabah, Brumas, NBT, 23-27.i.1973, K.M. Guichard; 1 ♂ (RMNH), Borneo, Sarawak, trail Bario-Pa Lungan, 3°48'N, 115°34'E, 1100 m, 23.ii.1987, J Huisman; 1 ♀ (RMNH), SW. Sabah, near Long Pa Sia (West), c. 1200 m, 2-14.iv.1987, Mal. trap 7, C van Achterberg. INDONESIA: 1 ♀ (RMNH), N. Sumatra: Allas Valley, near Gumpang, 13.vi.1972, 3°48'N, 97°29'E, J Krikken; 2 ♀ (RMNH), N. Sumatra, Aceh, Ketamba, 400 m, iv.1995, Mal. trap, near edge rainforest, Y van Nierop &amp; C van Achterberg.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Lee (1982, 1985) used  Ropalidia speciosa still as a valid species. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Yunnan); Bangka; Borneo; India; Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak) (rec. n.); Myanmar; Sumatra; Thailand; Vietnam. (Lee 1982, 1985, Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006, Kojima et al. 2007).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8ADF27BDA58A1E9CD239D8F5909B20BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
BBB4A297622D5BBACC5C65461325AE7B.text	BBB4A297622D5BBACC5C65461325AE7B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia taiwana Sonan 1935	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia taiwana Sonan, 1935 Figure 2I </p>
            <p> Ropalidia taiwana Sonan, 1935: 199. Type locality: China (Taiwan: Shinchiku). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia taiwana taiwana ; Iwata 1976: 295; Lee 1982: 83, 92; 1985: 46, 52. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia taiwana var. koshunensis Sonan, 1935: 199, type locality: China (Taiwan: Koshun). Syn. by Starr (1992). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia taiwana koshunensis ; Iwata 1969: 367. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia formosana Kuo, in Kuo and Yeh 1987: 84, type locality: China (Taiwan: Wufeng). Syn. by Starr (1992). </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> CHINA: Type material of  Ropalidia
taiwana
 , no. 90-96 in TARI: 1 ♀, Holotype, Shinchiku, Formosa 18.vii.1-30, J Sonan, K Miyake; paratypes: 1 ♀, id.; 1 ♀, Hassenzan, 23.x.1932, K Nomura; 1 ♂, Horisha, 2.xii.1916, T Shiraki; 1 ♀, Koshun, Formosa, 1918, iv.25-v.25. J Sonan, K Miyake, M Yoshino; 1 ♀, Urai, vii.1931, J Sonan; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Eassenzan, Formosa, 23.vi.1934, L Gressitt. Type material of  Ropalidia taiwana var. koshunensis Sonan, 1935, confirmed by J Kojima &amp; F Saito, 2010: 1 ♀, Holotype, Kuraru, 13.x.1926, J Sonan, "Ropalidia taiwana Sonan var. formosensis Sonan, DET. J SONAN. Type label,  “97” ; Paratypes: 6 ♀ + 5 ♂ with same data; 2 ♀, with same data but 14.x.1926; 1 ♀ "Koshun 1918.iv.25-v.25, J Sonan, K Miyake, M Yoshino; 1 ♂, Koushun, 25.iii.1930, T Shiraki". 1 ♀ (RMNH), Rokki, Formosa, 20.v.1934, L Gressitt; 2 ♀ (RMNH), Kosempo, Formosa, 11.vii.1911, H Sauter; 2 ♀ (RMNH), Taihorin, Formosa, 10.v, H Sauter; 1 ♂ (RMNH), Taihorinsho, Formosa, H Sauter; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Ku-ling, Jiangxi, 13.ii.1935, O Piel; 1 ♀ (RMNH), Kuatun, Fujian, 27°40'N, 117°40'E, 2300 m, 14.iv.1938, LJ Klapperich; 1 ♀ (ZJUH), Mt. Baxian, Heiping, Taizhong, Taiwan, 24°11'N, 121°E, 4-5.vi.2011, P Tang. MYANMAR: 2 ♀ (RMNH), Sadon, 1200 m, 28.vi.-5.vii.1934, R Malaise; 2 ♀ (RMNH), Taunggyi, S. Shan States, 1.viii.-22.ix.1934, R Malaise. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China (Jiangxi, Fujian, Taiwan); Myanmar. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006)</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BBB4A297622D5BBACC5C65461325AE7B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
D56FF01EC92682BBF93A9DB5C5B7ADC7.text	D56FF01EC92682BBF93A9DB5C5B7ADC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ropalidia variegata (Smith 1852) Smith 1852	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Ropalidia variegata (Smith, 1852) Figure 2J </p>
            <p> Epipona variegata Smith, 1852: 48. Type locality: India (Poona). </p>
            <p> Icaria variegata ; de Saussure 1854: 237. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia variegata ; Bequaert 1918: 247; van der Vecht 1941: 104; Kojima et al. 2007: 387. </p>
            <p> Ropalidia variegata variegata ; van der Vecht 1941: 112. </p>
            <p> Icaria pendula Smith, 1857: 98. Type locality: India (Barelly). Syn. by van der Vecht (1941). </p>
            <p> Ropalidia pendula ; Richards 1978: 58. </p>
            <p>Specimens examined.</p>
            <p> INDIA: 1 ♀, Type, 60-15, E.I.C., with a handwritten label "variegata Type, Sm.", Capt. F. Downes, BM Type 18.846, van der Vecht (1941) recorded it is Holotype, locality: Poona, India; 1 ♂, India, with a label: "  Ropalidia pendula Smith" (BMNH); 1 ♀ (RMNH), India, Pinjore, (identified as  Ropalidia variegata by Dover, 1921). PAKISTAN: 1 ♀ (RMNH), Karachi, 25.i.1934, R Malaise. </p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> No specimens from China were available, but the species is included in the key because it has been listed for China. Liu (1936-37) listed  Ropalidia variegata (Smith) from China in his catalogue and  Ropalidia variegata variegata (Smith) was reported from China by Lee (1982, 1985). However, considering that Lee (1982, 1985)'s description of the male antenna with its hooked terminal segment, we suspect misidentification of  Ropalidia variegata . </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>China; India; Malay Peninsula; Myanmar; Nepal; Pakistan; Sulawesi. (Kojima and Carpenter 1997 and updated to 2006).</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D56FF01EC92682BBF93A9DB5C5B7ADC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Tan, Jiang-Li;Van Achterberg, Kees;Chen, Xue-Xin	Tan, Jiang-Li, Van Achterberg, Kees, Chen, Xue-Xin (2014): Pictorial key to species of the genus Ropalidia Guerin-Meneville, 1831 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae) from China, with description of one new species. ZooKeys 391: 1-35, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.391.6606
