identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E287B20C1DFFB52B9332A7936AFA7F.text	03E287B20C1DFFB52B9332A7936AFA7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis Gunther 1865	<div><p>Auchenoglanis Gunther, 1865</p> <p>Auchenaspis Bleeker, 1858, preoccupied by Auchenaspis Egerton</p> <p>Oxyglanis Vinciguerra, 1898</p> <p>Diagnosis: The genus is diagnosed on the basis of a unique combination of characters: a deep and broad skull, narrow mouth, reduced premaxillary tooth patches, anterior nostrils on the upper lip, and three large nuchal plates, the first of which is in close proximity to the rear of the supraoccipital.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C1DFFB52B9332A7936AFA7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
03E287B20C1DFFB72B9330089532FE7D.text	03E287B20C1DFFB72B9330089532FE7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis acuticeps Pappenheim 1914	<div><p>Auchenoglanis acuticeps Pappenheim, 1914</p> <p>(Figs. 3a, 4, 5b; Table 2)</p> <p>Auchenoglanis acuticeps Pappenheim, 1914:249. Type locality: Lake Albert. Syntypes: ZMB 19094 (1), ZMB 21317 (3). In the original description, seven syntypes are listed. Presumably three specimens are missing or lost. Teugels, et al. 1991: 511 junior synonym of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840).</p> <p>Material examined: Country and Province unknown: Albert See, ZMB 19094, 1, (169.7 mm SL, syntype) and ZMB 21317, 3, (46.4–59.1 mm SL, syntypes). Democratic Republic of Congo, North Kivu: Lake Albert, FMNH 62948, 1, (496.0 mm SL); Lake Albert, Kasenyi, MRAC P–20871, 1, (240.0 mm SL) and MRAC P– 44937, 1, (290.0 mm SL). Egypt, Al-Wadi al Jadid: Lake Nasser, MRAC P–112 84-06, 1, (367.4 mm SL) and MRAC 83–30 –P–95–96, 2, (334.7–360.9 mm SL). Ethiopia, Gambella: Alwero River, CU 94645, 1, (237 mm SL). Sudan, Bahr el Gabel: White Nile River, Gemmeiza, AMNH 9822, 1, (280.9 mm SL). Jonglei: Awai River, BMNH 1984.9.27.205, 1, (300 mm SL). Province unknown: Nile River, Kosheh, Nubia, BMNH 1907. 12.2.2189 –2190, 2, (117.8–143.6 mm SL); Atbara River, USNM 52128, 1, (195.6 mm SL). Upper Nile: Nile River, Kodok, USNM 061288, 2, (114.8–163.4 mm SL).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Auchenoglanis acuticeps can be distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis, except A. sacchii (the pigmentation of A. sacchii is only vaguely known from its original description) by the presence of small round spots in a regular pattern on the body (Fig. 5b), adipose fin, caudal and dorsal fins. Other species of Auchenoglanis lack small round spots in a regular pattern on the body, adipose fin, caudal and dorsal fins.</p> <p>Auchenoglanis acuticeps can be distinguished from A. sacchii and A. biscutatus by having a longer preorbitalhead length relative to the interorbital distance (PrOL to IOD ratio 1.5–1.9 in A. acuticeps versus 1.3 in A. sacchii and 0.9–1.4 in A. biscutatus). Auchenoglanis acuticeps can be further distinguished from A. biscutatus by having the anterior margins of the nuchal plates straight to slightly curved rather than strongly curved (Fig. 1a). Auchenoglanis acuticeps can be further distinguished from A. wittei by having a shorter maxillary barbel length relative to the head length (MxBL to HL ratio in A. acuticeps 0.28–0.51 versus greater than 0.52 in A. wittei). Auchenoglanis acuticeps can be further distinguished from A. biscutatus and A. senegali by having the anterior edge of the adipose fin that rises gradually to its maximum height at the posterior end of the fin, well behind the mid-point of the adipose fin versus the anterior edge of the fin that rises steeply and reaches its maximum height at a point approximately one half of the length of the adipose fin. The origin of the adipose fin is before the anal-fin origin in A. acuticeps versus over it in A. sacchii. Auchenoglanis acuticeps can be further distinguished from A. tchadiensis and A. occidentalis by its black maxillary barbels and grey-brown external and internal mandibular barbels versus all white to slightly brown barbels in A. tchadiensis and white external and internal mandibular barbels in A. occidentalis. The oblong-oval premaxillary tooth patches (Fig. 2a) of A. acuticeps further separates it from the round, triangular, square or tear-shaped tooth patches of A. biscutatus, A. tchadiensis, A. wittei, A. sacchii, A. tanganicanus and A. senegali.</p> <p>Description: Morphometrics are presented in Table 2. The fin ray counts are as follows: dorsal fin II,7 (19); pectoral fin I,8 (8), I,9 (11); pelvic fin i,5 (17). The head is large with the dorsal edge in the lateral profile rising steeply from the tip of the snout to the dorsal-fin origin; the ventral edge is straight from the tip of snout to the lower posterior margin of the opercle. The body depth is greatest at the dorsal-fin origin. The dorsal profile descends less steeply from the dorsal-fin origin to the caudal peduncle. The minimum caudal-peduncle height is at the posterior end of the base of the adipose fin. The ventral-lateral profile from the rear of the head to the anal fin is flat and concave at the caudal peduncle. In adults the leading lateral edges of the nuchal plates are straight or slightly curved. The leading lateral edges converge to form a point at the anterior end of the first nuchal plate and that plate notches the rear edge of the supraoccipital.</p> <p>The middle rays of the dorsal fin extend well beyond the spine and the first and last rays. The dorsal spine is stout and nonserrated on the posterior edge. The pectoral fin is pointed with the first rays much longer than the last rays. The distal edge of the pectoral fin is straight to slightly convex. The pectoral spine is stout and serrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pelvic fin is convex with the second branched ray of the pelvic fin being the longest ray. The rays of the anal fin are much longer than its base, and the second or third branched ray is longest. The distal edge of the caudal fin is round to weakly emarginated.</p> <p>The pectoral fin is placed approximately on the anterior one-third of the body, ahead of the dorsal-fin origin. The pelvic fin is placed behind the dorsal-fin origin. The anal fin is placed approximately on the posterior one third of the body.</p> <p>The maxillary barbel is approximately three quarters of the length of the external mandibular barbel. The internal mandibular barbel is much shorter than the other barbels. The maxillary and external mandibular barbels are slender, but the internal mandibular barbel is thicker particularly at the base. The lower lip is thick.</p> <p>The mouth is subterminal and narrow relative to the head width. The premaxillary tooth patches are oblong-oval in shape.</p> <p>The color is based on examination of specimens preserved in alcohol. The adult body is dark dorsally and laterally but light ventrally. The upper body has a regular pattern of dark spots that may become vague dorsally. The type specimens are juveniles and are faded badly, but they show that in small individuals the spots are large relative to those in large individuals. The spots may also be vague in the rayed and adipose fins and not at all apparent on the paired and anal fins that are otherwise brown or black. The caudal fin may be dark or with spots smaller than those on the body. On small individuals, the dark spots on the dorsal and caudal fins coalesce to form bands. The maxillary barbel is black, and the other barbels are white at the apex but may have some grey pigment distally. The upper lip is dark; lower lip is lightly pigmented. The sides and top of the head are dark and without spots. The lower side of the head is white with flecks of dark pigmentation.</p> <p>Range: Auchenoglanis acuticeps is distributed from Lake Albert to the lower Nile (Fig. 4). The species does not appear to occur in the Blue Nile.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C1DFFB72B9330089532FE7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
03E287B20C10FFBD2B9336939366FE58.text	03E287B20C10FFBD2B9336939366FE58.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis wittei Giltay 1930	<div><p>Auchenoglanis wittei Giltay, 1930</p> <p>(Figs. 3b, 5a, 6; Table 2)</p> <p>Auchenoglanis Wittei Giltay, 1930: 92. Type locality: Stanleyville (now Kinsangani). Holotype: MRAC P–19802, Cotypes: IRSNB 35 (1), MRAC P–9802 (1). Teugels, et al. 1991, 511: junior synonym of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840).</p> <p>Material examined: Democratic Republic of Congo, Equateur: Lake Tumba, MRAC P–57745, 1, (218.0 mm SL); Tshuapa River, near Boende, MRAC P–73023.5164, 1, (224.0 mm SL); tributary, Congo River, near Bumba, MRAC P–88025–1656, 1, (106.0 mm SL). Maniema: Lualaba River, Kindu, MRAC P–70095, 1, (143.1 mm SL) and MRAC P–70094, 1, (139.0 mm SL). Orientale: Lualaba River, AMNH 6992, 1, (118.4 mm SL), Buta, MRAC P–61597, 1, (144.0 mm SL), Stanleyville; MRAC P–19802, 1, (47.9 mm SL, holotype) and MRAC P–19803, 1, (42.8 mm SL, cotype); Isalowe River, Yangambi, MRAC P–123541, 1, (175.0 mm SL). Sud Kivu: Ulindi River, MRAC P–75191, 1, (237.0 mm SL).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Auchenoglanis wittei can be distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis except A. sacchii (the pigmentation of A. sacchii is only vaguely known from its original description) by its pigmentation of medium irregular-shaped spots in a reticulated pattern on the body of adults (Fig. 5a). The spots on the body become faint on large adults. These spots are also present on the dorsal, caudal, and adipose fins but faint or absent on the paired fins and anal fin. Other species of Auchenoglanis lack medium spots in a reticulated pattern on the body and adipose, caudal, and dorsal fins.</p> <p>Auchenoglanis wittei can be distinguished from A. biscutatus by having the anterior margins of the nuchal plates straight to slightly curved rather than strongly curved (Fig. 1a) and from A. sacchii and A. biscutatus by having a longer preorbital-head length relative to interorbital distance (PrOL to IOD ratio 1.7–1.9 in A. wittei versus 1.3 in A. sacchii and 1.4 in A. biscutatus). Auchenoglanis wittei can be further distinguished from A. senegali, A. occidentalis, and A. acuticeps by having a longer maxillary barbel length relative to the head length (MxBL to HL ratio 0.53–0.68 in A. wittei versus less than 0.53 in A. senegali, A. occidentalis, and A. acuticeps). In addition, A. wittei can be further distinguished from A. senegali and A. occidentalis by having a longer maxillary barbel length relative to the preorbital-head length (MxBL to PrOL ratio 0.9–1.2 in A. wittei versus less than 0.9 in A. senegali and A. occidentalis).</p> <p>Adults of A. wittei can be distinguished from adult A. biscutatus and A. senegali by having the anterior edge of the adipose fin that rises gradually to its maximum height at the posterior end of the fin, well behind the mid-point of the adipose fin versus the anterior edge of the fin that rises steeply and reaches its maximum height at a point approximately one half of the length of the adipose fin. The origin of the adipose fin is before the anal-fin origin in A. wittei versus over it in A. sacchii. Auchenoglanis wittei can be further distinguished from the other Auchenoglanis species except A. biscutatus and A. tanganicanus by its black maxillary, external and internal mandibular barbels versus not all barbels being black. The squarish premaxillary tooth patches (Fig. 2c) of A. wittei further separates it from the oblong-oval, round, triangular, or tear-shaped tooth patches of A. occidentalis, A. acuticeps, A. biscutatus, A. tchadiensis, and A. senegali.</p> <p>Description: Morphometrics are presented in Table 2. The fin ray counts are as follows: dorsal fin II,7 (N=11); pectoral fin I,6 (1), I,8 (3), I,9 (5), I,10 (1); pelvic fin i,5 (2), i,6 (1). The head is large with the dorsal edge in the lateral profile rising steeply from the tip of the snout to the orbit then less steeply to the dorsal-fin origin; the ventral edge is concave from tip of snout to the lower posterior margin of the opercle. Body depth is greatest at the dorsal-fin origin. The dorsal-lateral profile descends less steeply from the dorsal-fin origin to the caudal peduncle. The minimum caudal-peduncle height is at the posterior end of the base of the adipose fin. The ventral-lateral profile from the rear of the head to the anal fin is flat and concave at the caudal peduncle. In adults the leading lateral edges of the nuchal plates are straight or slightly curved. The leading lateral edges converge to form a point at the anterior end of the first nuchal plate and that plate sometimes notches the rear margin of the supraoccipital. Note that the type specimens examined are very small nonadults and in these specimens the anterior end of the first nuchal plate is pointed and the distal edge of the supraoccipital is distinctly notched by the point of the nuchal plate.</p> <p>The middle rays of the dorsal fin extend somewhat beyond the spine and the first and last rays. The dorsal spine is stout and nonserrated on the posterior edge. The pectoral fin is pointed with the first rays much longer than the last rays. The distal edge of the pectoral fin is straight to slightly convex. The pectoral spine is stout and serrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pelvic fin is convex with the second branched ray being the longest ray. The rays of the anal fin are much longer than its base, and the second or third branched ray of the anal fin is longest. The distal edge of the caudal fin is round to weakly emarginated.</p> <p>The pectoral fin is placed approximately on the anterior one quarter of the body, well ahead of the dorsalfin origin. The pelvic fin is placed behind the dorsal-fin origin. The anal fin is placed approximately on the posterior one third of the body.</p> <p>The maxillary barbel is approximately three quarters of, to equal to, the length of the external mandibular barbel. The internal mandibular barbel is much shorter than the other barbels. The maxillary and external mandibular barbels are slender, but the internal mandibular barbel is thicker particularly at the base. The lower lip is thin.</p> <p>The mouth is subterminal and narrow relative to the head width. The premaxillary tooth patches are square in shape.</p> <p>The color is based on examination of specimens preserved in alcohol. The adult body is dark dorsally and laterally but light ventrally. The body has a regular pattern of dark spots in a reticulated pattern that may become vague dorsally. In some adults, two or three very dark spots are present in a line just above the lateral line. The dark spots are present in the dorsal, caudal, and adipose fins. They are less visible in the anal fin and paired fins that are otherwise brown. On small individuals, the reticulate pattern is more apparent with the spots in the dorsal and caudal fins coalescing to form bands and spots evident in all of the fins. The barbels are mostly black although the base of the external and internal mandibular barbels may be less pigmented. The upper lip is dark; lower lip is lightly pigmented. The sides and top of the head are brown and without spots. The lower side of the head is white.</p> <p>Range: Auchenoglanis wittei is found in the central Congo Basin (Fig. 6).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C10FFBD2B9336939366FE58	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
03E287B20C15FFBC2B9337E39313FA6D.text	03E287B20C15FFBC2B9337E39313FA6D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis tanganicanus Boulenger 1906	<div><p>Auchenoglanis tanganicanus Boulenger, 1906</p> <p>(Figs. 3c, 6; Table 2)</p> <p>Auchenoglanis occidentalis var. tanganicanus Boulenger, 1906: 553. Type locality: Kalambo, middle of lake, and Mtondwe Bay [Lake Tanganyika]. Syntypes (4): BMNH 1906.9.6.37–38 (2), BMNH 1906.9.6.39 (1), BMNH 1906.9.8.69 (1). Teugels, et al. 1991, 511: junior synonym of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840).</p> <p>Material examined: Country unknown: Lake Tanganyika, Kalambo, BMNH 1906.9.8.37, 1, (301.8 mm SL, syntype) and BMNH 1906.9.8.38, 1, (325.3 mm SL, syntype); Lake Tanganyika, middle of lake, BMNH 1906.9.6.39, 1, (293.4 mm SL, syntype); Lake Tanganyika, Mtondwe Bay, BMNH 1906.9.8.69, 1, (221.0 mm SL, syntype). Burundi: Lake Tanganyika, AMNH 217349, 1, (115.0 mm SL); Lake Tanganyika, Usumbura, MRAC P–43821, 1, (243.0 mm SL), MRAC P–90239, 1, (82.8 mm SL), and MRAC P–90240, 1, (180.2 mm SL). Democratic Republic of Congo, Katanga: Lake Tanganyika, Albertville (now Kalemie), BMNH 1955.12.20.1820, 1, (131.0 mm SL), MRAC P–63768, 1, (304 mm SL), and MRAC P–90244, 1, (175.0 mm SL); Bay of Moba, MRAC P–90237, 1, (500.5 mm SL). Tanzania, Kigoma: Lake Tanganyika, Kanyasa, MRAC P–92081.1887, 1, (198.0 mm SL); Lake Tanganyika, Kigoma Bay, SAIAB 56691, 1, (388.2 mm SL); Lake Tanganyika, between Kigoma and Ujiji, SAIAB 56692, 5, (182.6–237.7 mm SL).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Auchenoglanis tanganicanus can be distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis except A. sacchii (the pigmentation of A. sacchii is only vaguely known from its original description) by its small irregularly shaped spots of various sizes and intensity on the body and the adipose fin of adults. In very large adults (&gt; 300 mm SL), six small but evenly spaced prominent spots occur beginning under the dorsal fin and end on the caudal peduncle just above the lateral line. Each spot is usually paired with a similar spot just above it. The other species of Auchenoglanis lack the small irregularly shaped spots of various sizes and intensity on the body and the adipose fin of adults and in very large adults, the six-paired spots above the lateral line.</p> <p>Auchenoglanis tanganicanus can be further distinguished from A. biscutatus by having the anterior margins of the nuchal plates straight to slightly curved rather than strongly curved (Fig. 1a) and from A. sacchii, A. biscutatus and A. senegali by having a longer preorbital-head length relative to the interorbital distance (PrOL to IO ratio 1.9–2.3 in A. tanganicanus versus less than 1.3 in A. sacchii and 1.8 in A. biscutatus and A. senegali). Auchenoglanis tanganicanus can be further distinguished from Auchenoglanis senegali by having a lower minimum caudal-peduncle height relative to the interpelvic distance (MnCPH to IpvD ratio 0.6–0.8 for A. tanganicanus versus greater than 0.8 in A. senegali).</p> <p>Adults of A. tanganicanus can be distinguished from adult A. biscutatus and A. senegali by having the anterior edge of the adipose fin that rises gradually to its maximum height at the posterior end of the fin, well behind the mid-point of the adipose fin versus the anterior edge of the fin that rises steeply and reaches its maximum height at a point approximately one half of the length of the adipose fin. The origin of the adipose fin is before the anal-fin origin in A. tanganicanus versus over it in A. sacchii. Auchenoglanis tanganicanus can be distinguished from the other Auchenoglanis species except A. biscutatus and A. wittei by its black maxillary barbels and external and internal mandibular barbels versus not all barbels being black. The square premaxillary tooth patches (Fig. 2c) of A. tanganicanus further separates it from the oblong-oval, round, triangular, or tear-shaped tooth patches of A. occidentalis, A. acuticeps, A. biscutatus, A. tchadiensis, and A. senegali.</p> <p>Description: Morphometrics are presented in Table 2. The fin ray counts are as follows: dorsal fin II,6 (1), II,7 (16), II,8 (2); pectoral fin I,8 (2), I,9 (10), I,10 (6), I,11 (1); pelvic fin i,5 (12). The head is large with the dorsal edge in the lateral profile rising steeply from the tip of the snout to the orbit then less steeply to the dorsal-fin origin; the ventral edge is concave to straight from tip of snout to the lower posterior margin of the opercle. Body depth is greatest at the dorsal-fin origin. The dorsal-lateral profile descends less steeply from the dorsal-fin origin to the caudal peduncle with a slight rise and descent under the adipose fin. The minimum caudal-peduncle height is at the posterior edge of the base of the adipose fin. The ventral-lateral profile from the rear of the head to the anal fin is flat and slightly concave at the caudal peduncle. In adults the leading lateral edges of the nuchal plates are straight or slightly curved. The leading lateral edges converge to form a point at the anterior end of the first nuchal plate and that plate notches the rear margin of the supraoccipital.</p> <p>The middle rays of the dorsal fin extend well beyond the spine and the first and last rays. The dorsal spine is stout and nonserrated on the posterior edge. The pectoral fin is pointed with the first rays much longer than the last rays. The distal edge of the pectoral fin is straight to slightly convex. The pectoral spine is stout and serrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pelvic fin is convex with the second branched ray being the longest ray. The rays of the anal fin are much longer than its base, and the second or third branched ray of the anal fin is longest. The distal edge of the caudal fin is straight to weakly emarginate.</p> <p>The pectoral fin is placed approximately on the anterior one quarter of the body, well ahead of the dorsalfin origin. The pelvic fin is placed behind the dorsal-fin origin. The anal fin is placed approximately on the posterior one third of the body.</p> <p>The maxillary barbel is approximately three quarters of, to equal to, the length of the external mandibular barbel. The internal mandibular barbel is much shorter than the other barbels. The maxillary and external mandibular barbels are slender, but the internal mandibular barbel is thicker particularly at the base. The lower lip is thick.</p> <p>The mouth is subterminal and narrow relative to the head width. The premaxillary tooth patches are square in shape.</p> <p>The color is based on examination of specimens preserved in alcohol. The adult body is dark dorsally and laterally but light ventrally. The adults have irregularly shaped brown spots of varying intensity on the body and the adipose fin. In very large adults, six small but evenly spaced prominent spots occur beginning under the dorsal fin and end on the caudal peduncle just above the lateral line. Each of these spots may be paired with a similar spot just above it. The brown spots are present on all of the fins but are less visible in the anal fin and paired fins especially in large specimens. The brown spots on the rayed fins are in an irregular pattern but occasionally form short bands. The barbels and upper lip are dark but the lower lip is lightly pigmented. The proximal end of the barbels is less dark. The sides and top of the head are brown and without spots. The lower side of the head is white.</p> <p>Range: Auchenoglanis tanganicanus is restricted to Lake Tanganyika (Fig. 6).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C15FFBC2B9337E39313FA6D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
03E287B20C14FFBF2B9333F99327F878.text	03E287B20C14FFBF2B9333F99327F878.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis tchadiensis Pellegrin 1909	<div><p>Auchenoglanis tchadiensis Pellegrin, 1909</p> <p>(Figs. 4, 7a; Table 2)</p> <p>Auchenoglanis occidentalis tchadiensis Pellegrin, 1909: 244. Type locality: Lac Chad Bol. Syntypes: MNHN 1909–0425 (3), MNHN 1909–0426 (4). Teugels, et al. 1991, 511: junior synonym of Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840).</p> <p>Material examined: Cameroon, Extreme North: Logone River, Yagoua, MRAC P–73016.5489, 1, (209 mm SL). Central African Republic, Bamingui-Bangoram: Koumbala River, AMNH 228630, 1, (175 mm SL); Vakaga River, AMNH 228740, 4, (96.2–120.7 mm SL), Ouaudja and Vakaga Rivers; AMNH 230612, 1, (126.1 mm SL), Bamingui River, AMNH 230726, 1, (310 mm SL); Gounda River, MRAC P–82021.0738- 040, 3, (89.3–145.8 mm SL). Chad, Hadjer-Lamis: Lake Chad at Bol, MNHN 1909-0425 - 0426, 8, (photos, SL not measured, syntypes); Salamat: Tinga River or Lake, MRAC P–154047, 1, (205 mm SL).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Auchenoglanis tchadiensis can be distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis except A. sacchii (the pigmentation of A. sacchii is only vaguely known from its original description) and A. occidentalis by adults having uniformly pigmented bodies. Other species of Auchenoglanis do not have uniformly pigmented adult bodies.</p> <p>Adult A. tchadiensis can be further distinguished from A. biscutatus by having the anterior margins of the nuchal plates straight to slightly curved rather than strongly curved (Fig. 1a). Auchenoglanis tchadiensis can be further distinguished from A. wittei by having a shorter maxillary-barbel length relative to the head length (MxBL to HL ratio 0.31–0.49 in A. tchadiensis versus greater than 0.53 in A. wittei).</p> <p>Adults of A. tchadiensis can be further distinguished from adult A. biscutatus and A. senegali by having the anterior edge of the adipose fin that rises gradually to its maximum height at the posterior end of the fin, well behind the mid-point of the adipose fin versus the anterior edge of the fin that rises steeply and reaches its maximum height at a point approximately one half of the length of the adipose fin. The origin of the adipose fin is before the anal-fin origin in A. tchadiensis versus over it in A. sacchii. Auchenoglanis tchadiensis can be further distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis except A. sacchii, A. occidentalis, and A. senegali by its black or brown maxillary barbels and white external and internal mandibular barbels versus all black or brown barbels. The triangular premaxillary tooth patches (Fig. 2e) of A. tchadiensis separate it from the oblong-oval, round, square, or tear-shaped tooth patches of all the other species of Auchenoglanis.</p> <p>Description: Morphometrics are presented in Table 2. The fin ray counts are as follows: dorsal fin II,6 (1), II,7 (11); pectoral fin I,8 (7), I,9 (5); pelvic fin i,5(8), i,6 (1). The head is large with the dorsal edge in the lateral profile rising steeply from the tip of the snout to the dorsal-fin origin; the ventral edge is straight from the tip of snout to the lower posterior margin of the opercle. Body depth is greatest at the dorsal-fin origin. The dorsal-lateral profile descends less steeply from the dorsal-fin origin to the caudal peduncle with a slight rise and descent under the adipose fin. The minimum caudal-peduncle height is at the posterior edge of the base of the adipose fin. The ventral-lateral profile from the rear of the head to the anal fin is flat and concave at the caudal peduncle. In adults the leading lateral edges of the nuchal plates are straight or slightly curved (Fig. 1a). The leading lateral edges converge to form a point at the anterior end of the first nuchal plate and that plate does not notch the rear margin of the supraoccipital.</p> <p>The middle rays of the dorsal fin extend somewhat beyond the spine and the first and last rays. The dorsal spine is stout and nonserrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pectoral fin is straight to slightly convex. The pectoral spine is stout and serrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pelvic fin is convex with the second branched ray being the longest ray. The rays of the anal fin are much longer than the base, and the second or third branched ray is longest. The distal edge of the caudal fin is round to weakly emarginated.</p> <p>The pectoral fin is placed approximately on the anterior one-quarter of the body, well ahead of the dorsalfin origin. The pelvic fin is placed behind the dorsal-fin origin. The anal fin is placed approximately on the posterior one-third of the body.</p> <p>The maxillary barbel is approximately three-quarters of, to equal to, the length of the external mandibular barbel. The internal mandibular barbel is much shorter than the other barbels. The maxillary and external mandibular barbels are slender, but the internal mandibular barbel is thicker particularly at the base. The lower lip is thick.</p> <p>The mouth is subterminal and narrow relative to the head width. The premaxillary tooth patches are triangular in shape.</p> <p>The color is based on examination of specimens preserved in alcohol. The adult body is uniformly brown on the sides of the body and dorsally and white ventrally. Some vague mottling may be present. The mottling is more apparent in juveniles. The dorsal, adipose, and caudal fins have indistinct spots that sometimes fuse to form indistinct bands. The other fins are plain or with very faint mottling. The maxillary barbel is darkly pigmented and the mandibular barbels are white or slightly brown. The sides and top of the head are brown and without spots. The lower side of the head is white.</p> <p>Range: Auchenoglanis tchadiensis is restricted to the Lake Chad basin (Fig. 4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C14FFBF2B9333F99327F878	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
03E287B20C16FFA22B9330E7935DFE7D.text	03E287B20C16FFA22B9330E7935DFE7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis biscutatus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1809)	<div><p>Auchenoglanis biscutatus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire, 1809)</p> <p>(Figs. 4, 7b, 8b; Table 3)</p> <p>Pimelodus biscutatus Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1809: 320. Type locality: Nil [Nile River]. Holotype: MNHN A–8969.</p> <p>Material examined: Egypt, governorate unknown: Nile River, MNHN A–8969, 1, (SL not measured, holotype). Ethiopia, Gambella: Alwero River, at Abobo, CU 94646, 1, (257.0 mm SL). Sudan, Bahr el Gabel: Nile River, Gondkoro, locality unknown, ZMB 16556, 1, (258.9 mm SL); Jonglei: Atem River, southern Sudd swamps, BMNH 1984.9.27:203, 1, (243.7 mm SL); White Nile River, Fashoda (=Kodok), USNM 86638, 1, (226.5 mm SL) and ZMB 16554, 1, (150.7 mm SL).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Auchenoglanis biscutatus can be distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis except A. sacchii (the pigmentation of A. sacchii is only vaguely known from its original description) by the adult body and adipose fin being light brown or grey and having small distinct spots on the rayed fins that do not coalesce to form bands (Fig. 8b). Other species of Auchenoglanis lack a plain body color and the very small and noncoalescing spots on the rayed fins (the spots on the fins of A. senegali are larger).</p> <p>Adult A. biscutatus can be further distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis by having the anterior margins of the nuchal plates strongly curved rather than straight to slightly curved (Fig. 1b). Auchenoglanis biscutatus can be further distinguished from A. senegali, A. occidentalis, and A. tchadiensis by having a longer maxillary-barbel length relative to the head length (MxBL to HL ratio 0.50–0.76 in A. biscutatus versus less than 0.50 in A. senegali, A. occidentalis, and A. tchadiensis). In addition, A. biscutatus can be distinguished from A. senegali and A. occidentalis by having a longer maxillary barbel length relative to the preorbital-head length (MxBL to PrOL ratio 0.9–1.4 in A. biscutatus versus less than 0.9 in A. senegali and A. occidentalis). Auchenoglanis biscutatus can be further distinguished from A. senegali, A. occidentalis, A. wittei, A. tanganicanus, and A. acuticeps by having a shorter preorbital-head length relative to the interorbital distance (PrOL to IO ratio 0.9–1.4 A. biscutatus versus greater than 1.5 in A. senegali, A. occidentalis, A. wittei, A. tanganicanus, and A. acuticeps).</p> <p>Adults of A. biscutatus can be further distinguished from the other adult Auchenoglanis species except A. senegali by the anterior edge of the adipose fin that rises steeply and reaches its maximum height at a point approximately one half of the length of the adipose fin versus having the anterior edge of the adipose fin that rises gradually to its maximum height at the posterior end of the fin, well behind the mid-point of the adipose fin. The origin of the adipose fin is before the anal-fin origin in A. biscutatus versus over it in A. sacchii. Auchenoglanis biscutatus can be distinguished from A. tchadiensis, A. occidentalis, and A. senegali by its black external and internal mandibular barbels versus white or grey barbels. The round premaxillary tooth patches (Fig. 2b) of A. biscutatus separate it from the oblong-oval, square, tear-shaped tooth patches or triangular tooth patches of all the other species of Auchenoglanis.</p> <p>Description: Morphometrics are presented in Table 3. The fins ray counts are as follows: dorsal fin II,7 (5); pectoral fin I,7 (3), I,9 (2); pelvic fin i,5 (5). The head is large with the dorsal edge in the lateral profile rising steeply from the tip of the snout to the orbit then less steeply to the dorsal-fin origin; the ventral edge concave to straight from tip of snout to the lower posterior margin of the opercle. Body depth is greatest at the dorsal-fin origin. The dorsal-lateral profile descends less steeply from the dorsal-fin origin to the caudal peduncle with a slight rise and descent under the adipose fin. The minimum caudal-peduncle height is at the posterior edge of the base of the adipose fin. The ventral-lateral profile from the rear of the head to the anal fin is flat and slightly concave under the caudal peduncle. In adults the leading lateral edges of the nuchal plates are strongly curved. The leading lateral edges do not converge to form a point at the anterior end of the first nuchal plate and that plate does not form a notch in the rear margin of the supraoccipital.</p> <p>The middle rays of the dorsal fin extend somewhat beyond the spine and the first and last rays. The dorsal spine is stout and nonserrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pectoral fin is straight. The pectoral spine is very stout and serrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pelvic fin is convex with the second branched ray being the longest ray. The rays of the anal fin are much longer than the base and the second or third branched ray of the anal fin is longest. The distal edge of the caudal fin is straight to slightly emarginate.</p> <p>The pectoral fin is placed approximately on the anterior one quarter of the body, well ahead of the dorsalfin origin. The pelvic fin is placed behind the dorsal-fin origin. The anal fin is placed approximately on the posterior one third of the body.</p> <p>The maxillary barbel is approximately equal to the length of the external mandibular barbel. The internal mandibular barbel is much shorter than the other barbels. The maxillary and external mandibular barbels are slender, but the internal mandibular barbel is thicker particularly at the base. The lower lip is thin.</p> <p>The mouth is subterminal and narrow relative to the head width. The premaxillary tooth patches are round in shape.</p> <p>The color is based on examination of specimens preserved in alcohol. The body of large specimens is uniformly brown on the sides of the body and dorsally and white ventrally. The other fins have distinct small spots that do not fuse to form bands. Vague dark spots are on the sides of the body and adipose fin of juveniles. The barbels are dark. The sides and top of the head are brown and without spots. The lower side of the head is white including the lower lip.</p> <p>Range: Auchenoglanis biscutatus is restricted to the Nile basin (Fig. 4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C16FFA22B9330E7935DFE7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
03E287B20C0AFFA42B93340996E6FBF8.text	03E287B20C0AFFA42B93340996E6FBF8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes 1840)	<div><p>Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840)</p> <p>(Figs. 7c, 9, Table 3)</p> <p>Pimelodus occidentalis Valenciennes, 1840: in Cuvier &amp; Valenciennes 1840: 203. Type locality: Sénégal. Holotype: MNHN A–8971.</p> <p>Material examined: Gambia, McCarthy Island: locality unknown, BMNH 1901.12.28.47–48, 2, (209.2– 248.5 mm SL); Gambia River, Georgetown, MRAC P–73005.2818, 1, (289.0 mm SL). Senegal, province and locality unknown, MNHN A–8971, 1, (SL not measured, holotype), Kolda: Casamance River, MRAC P– 73005.2815–16, 2, (148.0–177.0 mm SL) and MRAC P–73005.2817, 1, (261.0 mm SL); Saint-Louis: Doue River, MRAC P–73005.2810, 1, (262.0 mm SL) and MRAC P–73005.2811, 1, (133.7 mm SL); Taoue River, MRAC P–73005.2812-13, 2, (114.6–145.0 mm SL); Gorom River, MRAC P–79002.0211, 1, (141.0 mm SL), Tambacounda: Gambia River, MRAC P–79002.217, 1, (153.0 mm SL), MRAC P–8001.0100, 1, (327.0 mm SL), and MRAC P–89001.0098, 1, (134.1 mm SL).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Auchenoglanis occidentalis can be distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis except A. sacchii (the pigmentation of A. sacchii is only vaguely known from its original description) and A. tchadiensis by adults having uniformly pigmented bodies and fins. Other species of Auchenoglanis lack uniformly pigmented bodies and fins.</p> <p>Auchenoglanis occidentalis can be distinguished from A. sacchii and A. biscutatus by having a longer preorbital-head length relative to the interorbital distance (PrOL to IOD ratio 1.7–2.0 in A. occidentalis versus 1.3 in A. sacchii and 1.4 in A. biscutatus). Auchenoglanis occidentalis can be further distinguished from A. biscutatus and A. wittei by having a shorter maxillary-barbel length relative to the head length (MxBL to HL ratio 0.31–0.50 in A. occidentalis versus greater than 0.50 in A. biscutatus and A. wittei) and by a shorter preorbital-head length relative to the external mandibular-barbel length (PrOL to EMdBL ratio less than 0.9 in A. occidentalis versus greater than 0.9 in A. biscutatus and A. wittei).</p> <p>Adults of A. occidentalis can be further distinguished from A. biscutatus and A. senegali by having the anterior edge of the adipose fin that rises gradually to its maximum height at the posterior end of the fin, well behind the mid-point of the adipose fin versus the anterior edge of the fin that rises steeply and reaches its maximum height at a point approximately one half of the length of the adipose fin. The origin of the adipose fin is before the anal-fin origin in A. occidentalis versus over it in A. sacchii. Auchenoglanis occidentalis can be further distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis except A. sacchii (the pigmentation of A. sacchii is only vaguely known from its original description), A. tchadiensis, and A. senegali by its black maxillary barbels and white external and internal mandibular barbels versus all black or brown barbels in A. acuticeps, A. biscutatus, A. tanganicanus, and A. wittei. The oblong-oval premaxillary tooth patches of A. occidentalis separate it from all of the other Auchenoglanis species (except A. acuticeps) which have either round, square, triangular, or tear-shaped tooth patches (Fig. 2). Adult A. occidentalis can be distinguished from A. biscutatus by having the anterior margins of the nuchal plates straight to slightly curved rather than strongly curved (Fig. 1a).</p> <p>Description: Morphometrics are presented in Table 3. The fins ray counts are as follows: dorsal fin II,6 (1), II,7 (12), II,8 (1); pectoral fin I,7 (1), I,8 (4), I,9 (8), I,10 (1); pelvic fin i,5 (6). The head is large with the dorsal edge in the lateral profile rising steeply from the tip of the snout to the orbit then less steeply to the dorsal-fin origin; the ventral edge is concave or straight from tip of snout to the lower posterior edge of the opercle. Body depth is greatest at the dorsal-fin origin. The dorsal-lateral profile descends less steeply from the dorsal fin origin to the caudal peduncle with a noticable rise and descent under the adipose fin. The minimum caudal-peduncle height is at the posterior edge of the base of the adipose fin. The ventral-lateral profile from the rear of the head to the anal fin is flat and slightly concave under the caudal peduncle. In adults the leading lateral edges of the nuchal plates are straight. The leading lateral edges converge to form a blunt point at the anterior end of the first nuchal plate and that plate does not form a notch in the rear edge of the supraoccipital.</p> <p>The middle rays of the dorsal fin extend beyond the spine and the first and last rays. The dorsal spine is stout and nonserrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pectoral fin is straight. The pectoral spine is very stout and serrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pelvic fin is straight with the first branched ray being the longest ray. The rays of the anal fin are much longer than the base, and the second or third branched ray of the anal fin is longest. The distal edge of the caudal fin is emarginate.</p> <p>The pectoral fin is placed approximately on the anterior one quarter of the body, well ahead of the dorsalfin origin. The pelvic fin is placed behind the dorsal-fin origin. The anal fin is placed approximately on the posterior one third of the body.</p> <p>The length of the maxillary barbel is shorter than the external mandibular barbel. The length of the internal mandibular barbel is shorter than the other barbels. The maxillary and external mandibular barbels are slender, but the internal mandibular barbel is thicker particularly at the base. The lower lip is thick.</p> <p>The mouth is subterminal and narrow relative to the head width. The premaxillary tooth patches are long oblong-ovals.</p> <p>The color is based on examination of specimens preserved in alcohol. The adult body is uniformly dark brown on the sides of the body and dorsally and light brown ventrally. Juveniles are heavily spotted. The fins of adults are mostly dark but may have vague mottling. The maxillary barbels are very dark but the mandibular barbels are less dark but not white. The sides and top of the head are brown and without spots. The lower side of the head is white or light brown. The upper lip is dark but the the lower lip is less pigmented.</p> <p>Range: Auchenoglanis occidentalis is restricted to the Senegal, Casamange, and Gambia River Basins of western Africa (Fig. 9).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C0AFFA42B93340996E6FBF8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
03E287B20C0CFFA72B93328393E4FD5D.text	03E287B20C0CFFA72B93328393E4FD5D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis sacchii (Vinciguerra 1898)	<div><p>Auchenoglanis sacchii (Vinciguerra, 1898)</p> <p>(Fig. 4, Table 3)</p> <p>Oxyglanis Sacchii Vinciguerra 1898: 250. Type locality: fiume Omo a Murz [Ethiopia]. Holotype: MSNG 14506.</p> <p>Material examined: Ethiopia, Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region: Omo River at Murzú, MSNG 14506, (307.7 mm SL, holotype).</p> <p>Diagnosis: Auchenoglanis sacchii can be distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis species by its adipose-fin origin that is over the origin of the anal fin. All other species of Auchenoglanis have adipose-fin origins that are anterior to the anal-fin origin. Note that this is evident on the holotype and described in the original description (see Comments below).</p> <p>Auchenoglanis sacchii can be further distinguished from A. acuticeps, A. occidentalis, A. senegali, A. tanganicanus, and A. wittei by having a shorter preorbital-head length relative to the interorbital distance (PrOL to IOD ratio 1.3 in A. sacchii versus greater than 1.5 in A. acuticeps, A. occidentalis, A. senegali, A. tanganicanus, and A. wittei).</p> <p>The squarish premaxillary tooth patches of A. sacchii separate it from the oblong-oval, round, triangular, or tear-shaped tooth patches of A. occidentalis, A. acuticeps, A. biscutatus, A. tchadiensis, and A. senegali (Fig. 2). Adult A. sacchii can be distinguished from A. biscutatus by having the anterior margins of the nuchal plates straight to slightly curved rather than strongly curved (Fig. 1a).</p> <p>Description: Morphometrics are presented in Table 3. Because of the poor condition of the only known specimen, the holotype, the following description of the body is from the original description (Vinciguerra 1898) that is detailed and provides helpful descriptive information. The fin ray counts are as follows: dorsal fin I,7 (1); pectoral fin I,9 (1), pelvic fin i,5 (1). The snout is long and its length is over one-half the head length. The mouth is small and there are two premaxillary teeth. The barbels are all short and maxillary barbel does not reach the orbit. The lower lip is thick. The dorsal spine is thick and approximately the equal to the body depth. The adipose fin is small. The pectoral spines are thick and longer than the dorsal fin and the head length.</p> <p>No coloration can now be described from the holotype, a dried specimen. The original description gives only a vague one-sentence description that the body is brown with darker spots on the body and fins.</p> <p>Comments: The diagnostic character that clearly distinguishes A. sacchii from the other species is the position of the origin of the adipose fin relative to the origin of the anal fin. The holotype is in poor condition and perhaps the position of the adipose has been distorted and changed from its original position. However, the original description states that the adipose-fin origin is over the origin of the anal fin. Also, Vinciquerra (1898) noted that distance between the dorsal fin and adipose fin is three times the length of the base of the adipose fin. In the other species, the length of adipose fin is much greater than the space between the dorsal fin and adipose fin.</p> <p>Range: Auchenoglanis sacchii is known only from the Omo River, Ethiopia (Fig. 4).</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C0CFFA72B93328393E4FD5D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
03E287B20C0FFFA92B9334E993C9FA96.text	03E287B20C0FFFA92B9334E993C9FA96.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis senegali Retzer 2010	<div><p>Auchenoglanis senegali, new species</p> <p>(Figs. 8a, 9, 10; Table 3)</p> <p>Holotype: MRAC P–79002.211, 153.0 mm SL, Senegal, Saint-Louis, Gorom River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-16.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.366667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -16.266666/lat 16.366667)">Camp Djoudj</a>, 16°22'N – 16°16'W, K.U.L. Expedition, 28 December, 1978.</p> <p>Paratypes: MRAC P–79002.212-214, 3, 148.0–166.0 mm SL, same locality data as holotype; INHS 102910 (ex. MRAC P–79002.215, 1, 166.0 mm SL, same locality data as holotype; MRAC P–73005.2814, 1, 114.0 mm SL, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-13.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -13.233334/lat 13.016666)">Lake Guiers</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-13.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -13.233334/lat 13.016666)">Mbane</a>, Saint-Louis, Senegal, 16°17'N – 15°48'W; MRAC P–80001.0099, 1, 203 mm SL, same locality data as holotype; MRAC P–81003.0381, 1, 147 mm SL, Gambia River, Ba-Foula-Bé, Tambacounda, Gambia, 13°01'N – 13°14'W.</p> <p>Diagnosis: Auchenoglanis senegali can be distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis except A. sacchii (the pigmentation of A. sacchii is only vaguely known from its original description) by the presence of three horizontal series of dark spots on the body and intense dark spots on the fins, and tear-shaped premaxillary tooth patches (Fig. 2d). Other species of Auchenoglanis lack these rows of dark spots on the body and dark spots on the fins (Figs. 8a, 10), and have oblong-oval, round, square, or triangular-shaped tooth patches.</p> <p>Auchenoglanis senegali can be distinguished from A. sacchii by having a shorter pectoral-spine length relative to the head length (PcSL to HL ratio less than 0.54 in A. senegali versus 0.61 in A. sacchii) and by having a longer preorbital-head length relative to the interorbital distance (PrOL to IOD ratio greater than 1.5 in A. senegali versus 1.3 in A. sacchii). The new species can be further distinguished from A. tanganicanus by having a shorter preorbital-head length relative to the interorbital distance (PrOL to IOD ratio less than 1.8 in A. senegali versus greater than 1.9 in A. tanganicanus) and by having a deeper minimum caudal-peduncle height relative to interpelvic distance (MnCPH to IPvD ratio greater than 0.8 in A. senegali versus less than 0.8 in A. tanganicanus). Auchenoglanis senegali can be further distinguished from A. wittei and A. biscutatus by having a shorter maxillary-barbel length relative to the head length (MxBL to HL ratio in A. senegali less than 0.48 versus greater than 0.49 in A. wittei and A. biscutatus) and by having a shorter maxllary barbel relative to the preorbital-head length (MxBL to PrOL ratio less than 0.9 in A. senegali versus greater than 0.9 in A. wittei and A. biscutatus). The new species can be further distinguished from A. biscutatus by having a longer preorbital-head length relative to the interorbital distance (PrOL to IOD ratio greater than 1.5 in A. senegali versus less than 1.4 in A. biscutatus).</p> <p>Adults of A. senegali can be distinguished from adults in other species of Auchenoglanis except A. biscutatus, by the anterior edge of the adipose fin that rises steeply and reaches its maximum height at a point approximately one half of the length of the adipose fin versus having the anterior edge of the adipose fin that rises gradually to its maximum height at the posterior end of the fin, well behind the mid-point of the adipose fin. The origin of the adipose fin is before the anal-fin origin in A. senegali, versus over it in A. sacchii. Auchenoglanis senegali can be distinguished from all other Auchenoglanis except A. sacchii (the pigmentation of A. sacchii is only vaguely known from its original description) by its light grey-brown barbels versus black or dark brown, of A. acuticeps, A. wittei, A. tanganicanus, and A. biscutatus and white mandibular barbels of A. tchadiensis and dark maxillary barbels of A. occidentalis.</p> <p>Description: Morphometrics are presented in Table 3. The fin ray counts are as follows: dorsal fin II,7 (8); pectoral fin I,8 (4), I,9 (4); pelvic fin i,5 (8). The head is large with the dorsal edge in the lateral profile rising moderately from the tip of the snout to the to the dorsal-fin origin; the ventral edge is straight from the tip of the snout to the lower posterior margin of the opercle. Body depth is greatest at the dorsal-fin origin. The dorsal-lateral profile descends less steeply from the dorsal-fin origin to the caudal peduncle with a noticable rise and descent under the adipose fin. The minimum caudal-peduncle height is at the posterior edge of the base of the adipose fin. The ventral-lateral profile from the rear of the head to the anal fin is flat and slightly concave under the caudal peduncle. In adults the leading lateral edges of the nuchal plates are straight. The leading lateral edges converge to form a blunt point at the anterior end of the first nuchal plate and that plate does not form a notch in the rear edge of the supraoccipital.</p> <p>The middle rays of the dorsal fin extend beyond the spine and the last rays but the anterior rays are longer. The dorsal spine is stout and nonserrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pectoral fin is straight. The pectoral spine is very stout and serrated on the posterior edge. The distal edge of the pelvic fin is straight with the second branched ray being the longest ray. The rays of the anal fin are much longer than the base, and the second or third branched ray of the anal fin is longest. The distal edge of the caudal fin is emarginate.</p> <p>The pectoral fin is placed approximately on the anterior one-third of the body well ahead of the dorsal-fin origin. The pelvic fin is placed behind the dorsal-fin origin. The anal fin is placed approximately on the posterior one third of the body.</p> <p>The length of the maxillary barbel is shorter than the external mandibular barbel. The length of the internal mandibular barbel is shorter than the other barbels. The maxillary and external mandibular barbels are slender, but the internal mandibular barbel is thicker particularly at the base. The lower lip is thin.</p> <p>The mouth is subterminal and narrow relative to the head width. The premaxillary tooth patches are tearshaped.</p> <p>The color is based on examination of specimens preserved in alcohol. The adult body is white to light brown on the sides of the body; the ventral portion is white. Occasionally the upper one half of the body is slightly darker than the lower half. Large specimens have three horizontal series of dark spots on the body and intense dark spots on the fins although spots may be less intense and more diffuse on some specimens. The barbels are light grey or brown although the mandibular barbels may be less dark than the maxillary barbels. The sides and top of the head are brown and without spots. The lower side of the head is white including the lower lip.</p> <p>Range: Auchenoglanis senegali is known only from the Senegal and Gambia River basins of west Africa (Fig. 9).</p> <p>Etymology: Named for the country of Senegal, where the type locality is located.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C0FFFA92B9334E993C9FA96	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
03E287B20C01FFA82B9333B692D0FEE5.text	03E287B20C01FFA82B9333B692D0FEE5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Auchenoglanis Gunther 1865	<div><p>Key to the Species of Auchenoglanis</p> <p>1. Origin of adipose fin over anal-fin origin....................................................................................................... A. sacchii</p> <p>-. Origin of adipose fin anterior to anal-fin origin.......................................................................................................... 2</p> <p>2. Anterior margins of nuchal plates strongly curved (Fig. 1b); premaxillary tooth patches round (Fig. 2b)...................................................................................................................................................................................... A. biscutatus</p> <p>-. Anterior margins of nuchal plates straight to slightly curved (Fig. 1a); premaxillary tooth patches not round (Fig. 2a, c–e)................................................................................................................................................................................ 3</p> <p>3. Small irregularly shaped spots of various size and intensity on body and adipose fin of adult; large adult has six vertical pairs of small but evenly spaced prominent spots beginning under dorsal fin and ending on caudal peduncle just above lateral line................................................................................................................................... A. tanganicanus</p> <p>-. Medium-sized spots in regular pattern or no spots on body and adipose fin of adult; no paired vertical spots on body of large adult................................................................................................................................................................. 4</p> <p>4. Body and fins of adult with medium-sized spots in a reticulated pattern; %MxBL/HL&gt; 53.2....................... A. wittei</p> <p>-. Body and fins of adult not with medium-sized spots in a reticulated pattern; %MxBL/HL &lt;53.2............................ 5</p> <p>5. Premaxillary tooth patches triangular or tear-shaped (Fig. 2d–e)............................................................................... 6</p> <p>-. Premaxillary tooth patches oblong-oval (Fig. 2a)........................................................................................................ 7</p> <p>6. Premaxillary tooth patches tear-shaped (Fig. 2d); adult with three horizontal series of dark spots on body and intense dark spots on fins; lips thin........................................................................................................................... A. senegali</p> <p>-. Premaxillary tooth patches triangular (Fig. 2c); adult without three horizontal series of dark spots and intense dark spots on fins; lips thick........................................................................................................................... A. tchadiensis</p> <p>7. External and internal mandibular barbels dark; adult body spotted.......................................................... A. acuticeps</p> <p>-. External and internal mandibular barbels white; adult body plain........................................................ A. occidentalis</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E287B20C01FFA82B9333B692D0FEE5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Retzer, Michael E.	Retzer, Michael E. (2010): Taxonomy of Auchenoglanis Günther 1865 (Siluriformes: Auchenoglanididae). Zootaxa 2655 (1): 25-51, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2655.1.2, URL: https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2655.1.2
