taxonID	type	description	language	source
B61C6B41CCEFC49DF62425FD6E72B65B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis is distinguished from its congeners, except for Pareiorhina carrancas, by the presence of a postdorsal ridge (vs. the absence of a postdorsal ridge). The new species differs from Pareiorhina carrancas by having a more elevated postdorsal ridge, (Fig. 2; 16.7 - 26.8 % of CP depth vs. 4.47 - 9.03 %; table 1). Additionally, the new species can be distinguished from Pareiorhina cepta by having a naked abdomen (vs. having small plates covered with odontodes irregularly distributed on the abdomen); from Pareiorhina brachyrhyncha and Pareiorhina cepta by having unicuspid teeth (vs. teeth with a minute lateral cusp); from Pareiorhina carrancas and Pareiorhina rudolphi by having the anterior profile of the head rounded in dorsal view (vs. elliptical; Fig. 3) and by having a greater suborbital depth (35.0 - 40.5 % of HL vs. 27.4 - 34.2 % in Pareiorhina carrancas and 24.5 - 31.8 % in Pareiorhina rudolphi). Moreover Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis is distinguished from its congeners by having a wider head (100.1 - 108.6 % of HL vs. 91.7 - 98.1 % in Pareiorhina brachyrhyncha, 82.9 - 96.2 % in Pareiorhina carrancas, 83.4 - 90.5 % in Pareiorhina cepta and 77.8 - 82.1 % in Pareiorhina rudolphi).	en	Silva, Gabriel de Souza da Costa e, Roxo, Fabio Fernandes, Oliveira, Claudio (2013): Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis, a new catfish species from Rio Paraiba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes, Loricariidae). ZooKeys 315: 65-76, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5307, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5307
B61C6B41CCEFC49DF62425FD6E72B65B.taxon	description	Description. Morphometric and meristic data are given in Table 1. In lateral view, dorsal profile of body strongly convex from snout tip to distal margin of supraoccipital; straight from supraoccipital to dorsal-fin origin; slightly decreasing to end of caudal peduncle. Ventral surface of body, slightly concave at head portion, straight to convex from posterior end of head to pelvic-fin insertion, and straight but angled to posterior end of caudal peduncle. Snout tip rounded in dorsal view. Nostril small. Trunk and caudal peduncle rectangular in cross-section. Greatest body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Body progressively narrowing posteriorly from cleithrum. Head flat to slightly convex between orbits; superior margin of orbits elevated. Eye small, orbital diameter 11.1 - 15.5 % of HL, situated dorsolaterally just posterior of midpoint of head. Rostral margin of snout with minute, posteriorly-directed odontodes; numerous small odontodes on dorsal portion of head. Opening of swimbladder capsule small. Perforations of compound pterotic distributed on whole bone, greater and more concentrated on its ventral margin; its openings nearly rounded in median region, and irregular along inferior and posterior margins of bone. Lips large; oral disk rounded, papillose; premaxillary teeth 22 (1), 29 (1), 30 (1), 32 (1), 33 (1), 34 (2), 36 (1) *, 37 (2), 38 (1), 39 (2), 40 (2), 42 (2) or 44 (1). Dentary teeth 17 (1), 21 (1), 23 (1), 28 (1), 30 (2), 32 (2) *, 33 (2), 34 (2), 35 (1), 36 (1), 39 (1), or 45 (1). Teeth unicuspid. Maxillary barbel short and free distally. Dorsal-fin rays ii, 7; dorsal-fin originating at vertical through posterior end of pelvic-fin base; distal margin slightly convex. Pectoral-fin rays i, 6; distal margin slightly convex; unbranched pectoral-fin ray reaching middle of unbranched pelvic-fin ray; unbranched pectoral-fin ray covered with large and pointed odontodes. Pelvic-fin rays i, 5; distal margin of fin slightly convex; tip of adpressed pelvic fin almost reaching anal-fin origin; unbranched pelvic-fin ray covered with conspicuously pointed and well-developed, and uniformly distributed odontodes which are larger at ventral portion. Anal-fin rays i, 5; distal margin slightly convex. Caudal fin rays i, 7 - 7, i. Adipose fin absent. Caudal fin truncated with ventral unbranched principal ray longer than dorsal ray. Body entirely covered by bony plates, except for ventral surface of head, abdomen and region overlaying swimbladder capsule. Dorsal series of plates 24 - 26, mid-dorsal 17 - 21, median perforated plates 24 - 26, mid-ventral 17 - 22, and ventral 19 - 22. Trunk with conspicuous, elongated, postdorsal ridge formed by 13 - 15 raised, unpaired, median plates; ridge continuous posteriorly with procurrent caudal-fin rays. Head lacking crest. Head and body plates covered with minute, uniformly sized and distributed odontodes. Seven pairs of ribs associated with vertebrae 8 - 14. Ribs slender and poorly ossified. Total vertebrae 29. Supraorbital sensory canal with four pores; pore s 1 located on prenasal plate below nasal plate; pore s 3 located on posterior portion of nasal; pore s 6 + s 6 located between frontal plates, on horizontal line through anterior limits of eye; pore s 8 located on division between frontals, sphenotic and supraoccipital plates, just above eye. Infraorbital sensory canals with six pores; pore io 1 located on anterior portion of first infraorbital; pore io 2 located in medial region between first and second infraorbitals; pore io 3 located in medial region between second and third infraorbitals; pore io 4 located in medial region between third and fourth infraorbitals; pore io 5 located in medial region between fourth and fifth infraorbitals and pore io 6 located between sixth infraorbital and sphe notic. Preopercular canal with three pores; pore pm 2 located on ventral portion of cheek plate, pore pm 3 located between cheek plate and preopercle; pore pm 4 located between preopercle and compound pterotic. Two postotic pores; pore po 2 located just above of branchial slit; pore po 3 located in region of overlying opening of swim-bladder capsule.	en	Silva, Gabriel de Souza da Costa e, Roxo, Fabio Fernandes, Oliveira, Claudio (2013): Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis, a new catfish species from Rio Paraiba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes, Loricariidae). ZooKeys 315: 65-76, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5307, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5307
B61C6B41CCEFC49DF62425FD6E72B65B.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name, hyptiorhachis is a combination of Greek, hyptios = supine, lying on the back, and rhachis = ridge, midrib, and is in reference to the conspicuous postdorsal ridge found in this species.	en	Silva, Gabriel de Souza da Costa e, Roxo, Fabio Fernandes, Oliveira, Claudio (2013): Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis, a new catfish species from Rio Paraiba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes, Loricariidae). ZooKeys 315: 65-76, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5307, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5307
B61C6B41CCEFC49DF62425FD6E72B65B.taxon	distribution	Distribution and habitat. Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis is known from Rio Pomba and one of its tributaries, the Ribeirao Fernandes, in the municipality of Santa Barbara do Tugurio, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Fig. 5). This species inhabits moderate to fast-flowing streams, with a substrate of rocks and sand and margins covered by aquatic vegetation. Specimens were collected in association with loose stones, on the streambed. The new species is syntopic throughout its distribution with Astyanax sp., Characidium sp., Geophagus brasiliensis, Harttia cf. carvalhoi, Imparfinis sp., Neoplecostomus microps, Trichomycterus cf. alternatus, and Trichomycterus sp.	en	Silva, Gabriel de Souza da Costa e, Roxo, Fabio Fernandes, Oliveira, Claudio (2013): Pareiorhina hyptiorhachis, a new catfish species from Rio Paraiba do Sul basin, southeastern Brazil (Siluriformes, Loricariidae). ZooKeys 315: 65-76, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5307, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.315.5307
