identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E58E29FFF6FF9E9EF6FCFA4528FAB0.text	03E58E29FFF6FF9E9EF6FCFA4528FAB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willowsia Shoebotham 1917	<div><p>Genus Willowsia Shoebotham, 1917</p><p>This genus is characterized by having 8+8 eyes within black or dark blue patches of pigment, a bidentate mucro with a smooth basal spine, and broad scales mostly pointed apically and with sculpturing ranging from many short spinules to more than two long ribs (Zhang et al. 2011), but lack scales and spines on the dens, antennal subsegmentation, and differentiated “smooth” setae on the inner surface of the hind tibiotarsus.</p><p>In addition, all species of Willowsia found in the Americas share the following characters: apical antennal bulb usually unilobed, rarely bilobed; sensilla 2–3 (i.e., main sensilla) of the apical sense organ of Ant. III smooth and blunt; eyes G and H smallest; five interocular setae (pqrst); labral setae 5,5,4 and smooth; subapical and apical setae of the outer maxillary lobe smooth and subequal; labial palp with 5 smooth proximal setae; post labial setae ciliate; unguis with one outer, two lateral and four inner teeth; unguiculus lanceolate, outer edge serrate; tenent hairs spatulate; tenaculum with 4+4 teeth and one large mac; mucro bidentate, basal spine reaching apex of subapical tooth; accessory mic of bothriotrichal complexes on Abd. II–IV unmodified; tergal S-chaetotaxy (Th. II – Abd. VI) ms as 1,0|1,0,1,0,0,0, sens as 2,2|1,2,2,+,3,0 (Abd. IV with high and variable number of sens).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58E29FFF6FF9E9EF6FCFA4528FAB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Katz, Aron D.	Katz, Aron D. (2017): A new endemic species of Willowsia from Florida (USA) and descriptive notes on all New World Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa 4350 (3): 549-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.7
03E58E29FFF6FF9C9EF6FA3C4321FE30.text	03E58E29FFF6FF9C9EF6FA3C4321FE30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willowsia buski (Lubbock 1870)	<div><p>Willowsia buski (Lubbock, 1870)</p><p>Figs 1, 12, 15</p><p>Material examined. USA: Wisconsin, Sauk Co., Parfrey’s Glen Natural Area, off Bluff Rd., 43.421102, - 89.636841, on bark, 12.vi.2011, A. Katz, AK11-52, 4 on slides (INHS 810,141–810,144); Illinois, Champaign Co., Urbana, Meadowbrook organic gardens, 40.08066, -88.20836, hand collected from mulch and leaf litter, 14.iii.2012, A. Katz, AK12-24, 1 on slide (INHS 810,145), 6 in ethanol (INHS 810,146); Illinois, Champaign Co., Urbana, Brownfield Woods, 40.14326, -88.16441, on bark from dead tree, 10.ix.2009, F. Soto-Adames, 1 on slide (INHS 810,147).</p><p>Complement to description based on American specimens. Habitus as in Figure 1. Scales long basal rib type (Fig. 12). Scales absent on antennae, legs, and furcula. Dorsal chaetotaxy of the head as in Figure 15: row An with 5 mac; anterior mac A0, A2, A3, A5 present; 3+3 median mac, M1, M2, M4 present, M3 always absent; sutural mac S0, S2, S3, S 4i, S4, S 5i, S5 present, S6 as mic; posterior mac Ps5 present. Outer maxillary lobe with 3 sublobal hairs. Prelabral setae ciliate. Labral papillae each with single seta-like projection. Labial triangle as MrEL1L2A1–5, r always present. Lateral process of labial palp straight, blunt, and reaching tip of labial papilla E. Cephalic groove with 6+6 ciliate setae.</p><p>Ecology. This species occurs under tree bark, in leaf litter, and on vegetation.</p><p>Distribution. Cosmopolitan, including the Americas.</p><p>Remarks. Willowsia buski is the only member of the genus with the following combination of characters: uniformly blue color pattern (Fig. 1); long basal rib type scales (Fig. 12); scales absent on antennae, legs, and furcula; labral papillae with single, seta-like projections; prelabral setae ciliate; labial triangle seta r present; outer maxillary lobe with 3+3 sublobal hairs; dorsal head with 3+3 median mac, 6+6 sutural mac, mac S0 and Ps5 present (Fig. 15); Th. II with 2+2 median mac and 8+8 posterior mac; Abd. I with 2+2 mac; Abd. II with 3+3 inner mac; Abd. III with 2+2 inner and 3+3 lateral mac; and Abd. IV with 5+5 inner mac.</p><p>In the Americas, this species is most similar to W. nigromaculata: both have basal long rib scale type (Zhang et al., 2011); scales absent on antennae, legs, and manubrium; labral papillae each with a single seta-like projection; ciliate prelabral setae, labial triangle r seta present, 3+3 sublobal hairs of outer maxilla; 3+3 median mac, 6+6 sutural mac, and S0 mac present on dorsal head; 3+3 inner mac on Abd. II; and 3+3 lateral mac on Abd. IV. They can be differentiated by color pattern and chaetotaxy: W. buski is uniformly dark blue or purple without a clear pattern ( W. nigromaculata has a distinct dorsal pigment pattern); has dorsal head mac Ps5 (absent in W. nigromaculata), has 2+2 median mac on Th. II ( W. nigromaculata has 1+1), 2+2 mac on Abd. I ( W. nigromaculata has 3+3), 2+2 inner mac on Abd. III ( W. nigromaculata has 3+3), and 5+5 inner mac on Abd. IV ( W. nigromaculata has 7+7). See Table 1 for additional diagnostic characters.</p><p>The specimens observed for this study matched morphological descriptions, including dorsal chaetotaxy, by Christiansen &amp; Bellinger (1998) and Zhang et al. (2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58E29FFF6FF9C9EF6FA3C4321FE30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Katz, Aron D.	Katz, Aron D. (2017): A new endemic species of Willowsia from Florida (USA) and descriptive notes on all New World Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa 4350 (3): 549-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.7
03E58E29FFF4FF9C9EF6FDBC4403F9AF.text	03E58E29FFF4FF9C9EF6FDBC4403F9AF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willowsia jacobsoni (Borner 1913)	<div><p>Willowsia jacobsoni (Börner, 1913)</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 11, 16</p><p>Material examined. USA: Puerto Rico, Aguada, Coloso Sugar Cane Mill, on sugar cane litter, 16.vi.1999, F. Soto- Adames, 2 on slides (INHS 810,148–810,149) ; Puerto Rico, Aguada, Coloso Sugar Cane Mill, on sugar cane litter, 17.vi.1999, F. Soto-Adames, 4 females, 2 (1 male) on slides (INHS 810,150–810,155), 15 in ethanol (INHS 810,156) .</p><p>Complement to description based on American specimens. Habitus as in Figs 3 and 4. Scales long basal rib type (Fig. 11) and absent on antennae, legs, and furcula. Dorsal chaetotaxy of the head as in Figure 16: row An with 6 mac; anterior mac A0, A2, A3, A5 present; 3+3 median mac, M1, M2, M4 present, M3 always absent; 4+4 sutural mac, S2, S3, S4, S5 present, S6 as mic; post-sutural mac Ps5 absent. Outer maxillary lobe with 3 sublobal hairs. Prelabral setae ciliate. Labral papillae each with multiple seta-like projections. Labial triangle as MrEL1L2A1–5, r always present. Lateral process of labial palp straight, blunt, reaching tip of labial papilla E. Cephalic groove with 5+5 ciliate setae. Th. II without median mac and 2+2 posterior mac. Abd. I with 1+1 mac.</p><p>Ecology. This species occurs in leaf litter, and is abundant in agroecosystems such as sugar cane fields and banana leave axils.</p><p>Distribution. Pantropical, including Hawaii and Puerto Rico.</p><p>Remarks. Willowsia jacobsoni is the only member of the genus with the following combination of characters: color pattern as in Figs 3 and 4; long basal rib type scales (Fig. 11); scales absent on antennae, legs, and furcula; labral papillae with multiple projections; prelabral setae ciliate; labial triangle seta r present; outer maxillary lobe with 3+3 sublobal hairs; dorsal head with 3+3 median mac, 4+4 sutural mac, mac S0 and Ps5 absent (Fig. 16); Th. II with 0+0 median mac and 2+2 posterior mac; Abd. I with 1+1 mac; Abd. II with 2+2 inner mac; Abd. III with 2+2 inner and 3+3 lateral mac; and Abd. IV with 5+5 inner mac.</p><p>In scale morphology and scale distribution, this species is very similar W. buski and W. nigromaculata: they all have long basal rib type scales that are absent on the antennae, legs, and manubrium. However, W. jacobsoni can be differentiated from W. buski and W. nigromaculata by color pattern and head and body chaetotaxy: head mac Ps5 is absent in W. jacobsoni (present in W. buski and W. nigromaculata) and W. jacobsoni has 3+3 inner mac on Abd. III ( W. buski and W. nigromaculata have 2+2). See Table 1 for additional diagnostic characters.</p><p>The material observed for this study is in general agreement with Mari Mutt’s (1981) detailed morphological description, except Th. II mac a5 is incorrectly labeled as m 4 in Mari Mutt (1981).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58E29FFF4FF9C9EF6FDBC4403F9AF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Katz, Aron D.	Katz, Aron D. (2017): A new endemic species of Willowsia from Florida (USA) and descriptive notes on all New World Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa 4350 (3): 549-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.7
03E58E29FFF4FF9B9EF6F93D410FFC0D.text	03E58E29FFF4FF9B9EF6F93D410FFC0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willowsia mexicana Zhang, Palacios-Vargas & Chen 2007	<div><p>Willowsia mexicana Zhang, Palacios-Vargas &amp; Chen, 2007</p><p>Figs 8–10, 18</p><p>Material examined. Paratype, Mexico: Oaxaca, Oaxaca, Mexico, 06/05/1994, ex. Pinus oaxacana, E. López Col., 19127, 1 on slide. Additional material , Mexico: Cd. de México, L. NW. iztaccihuatl, alt. 3020 m, a : 1 m:1, 19057, 27 agosto 2005, 1 on slide; Cd. de México, L. NW. iztaccihuatl, alt. 3440 m, a : 6 m:6, 19097, 27 agosto 2005, 1 on slide; Veracruz, EBLT EBLT, 18°58.56N, 95°4’35.62’’O, Trampa Pitfall 2, 248 msnm Selva Alta perennifolia, M. Madora, col, 16–21IV–2015, 2 on slides.</p><p>Complements to description. Scales present on dorsal side of Ant. I and Ant. II, and middle and hind legs (coxae, trochanter, femora). Outer maxillary lobe with 2 sublobal hairs. Ribs on scales straight, parallel, not converging distally, most running uninterrupted from base to tip (Fig. 8–10); some scales with ribs interrupted near tip (Fig. 8). Dorsal chaetotaxy as described in Zhang et al. (2007), except dorsal head mac M1 sometimes present (Fig.18) and Th. II with 4+4 posterior mac (p3–6).</p><p>Ecology. This species occurs under tree bark, mangrove leaf litter, and has been collected at high elevations (750–3500 m above sea level).</p><p>Distribution. Mexico.</p><p>Remarks. Willowsia mexicana is the only member of the genus with the following combination of characters: Abd. IV–VI with evenly dark pigment; uninterrupted rib type scales (Figs 8–10); scales present on antennae, legs, and furcula; labral papillae with multiple projections; prelabral setae smooth; labial triangle seta r absent; outer maxillary lobe with 2+2 sublobal hairs; dorsal head with 3+3 (rarely 4+4) median mac, 5+5 sutural mac, mac S0 absent, and mac Ps5 present (Fig. 18); Th. II with 0+0 median mac and 3+3 posterior mac; Abd. I with 1+1 mac; Abd. II with 2+2 inner mac; Abd. III with 2+2 inner and 3+3 lateral mac; and Abd. IV with 4+4 inner mac.</p><p>This species is most similar to W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. (differences between the two species are listed in the remarks for W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov.).</p><p>W. mexicana was previously described as having scales with only uninterrupted ribs (Zhang et al., 2007, 2014a), but new observations of the type material show some larger scales do have broken ribs near the apex. Willowsia mexicana, W. nigra, W. neocaledonia and W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. are the only species in this genus with uninterrupted rib type scales.</p><p>Zhang et al. (2007) also describe scales as present on the ventral face of the manubrium, but do not specify scale morphology (e.g., broad vs. thin). Although, I was unable to confirm the presence of scales (i.e., typical broad scales like those observed on body) on the ventral face of the manubrium in the type material, I did observe setaelike or narrow scales, similar to those observed on the ventral face of the manubrium in other Willowsia species (Zhang 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58E29FFF4FF9B9EF6F93D410FFC0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Katz, Aron D.	Katz, Aron D. (2017): A new endemic species of Willowsia from Florida (USA) and descriptive notes on all New World Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa 4350 (3): 549-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.7
03E58E29FFF3FF9A9EF6FBA04321FE30.text	03E58E29FFF3FF9A9EF6FBA04321FE30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock 1873)	<div><p>Willowsia nigromaculata (Lubbock, 1873)</p><p>Figs 2, 13, 17</p><p>Material examined. USA: Illinois, Pope Co., Dixon Springs Ag . Center, 37.43435, -88.66718, elev. 524ft, hand collected on pavement on dying Arilus cristatus, 23Sep2011, A. Katz, adk11-159, 6 on slides (INHS 810,157– 810,162), 30 in ethanol (INHS 810,163) ; Illinois, Urbana, 19 Montclair Rd., 40.094873, -88.206853, 6.vii.2008, by kitchen sink, F. Soto-Adames, 1 on slide (INHS 810,164) ; Illinois, Urbana, 19 Montclair Rd., 40.094873, - 88.206853, 2012, F. Soto-Adames, 1 on slide (INHS 810,165).</p><p>Complement to description based on American specimens. Habitus as in Figure 2. Scales long basal rib type (Fig. 13) and absent on antennae, legs, and furcula. Dorsal chaetotaxy of the head as in Figure 17: row An with 5 mac; anterior mac A0, A2, A3, A5 present; 3+3 median mac, M1, M2, M4 present, M3 always absent; sutural mac, S0, S2, S3, S 4i, S4, S 5i, S5 present, S6 as mic; posterior mac Ps5 absent. Outer maxillary lobe with 3 sublobal hairs. Prelabral setae ciliate. Labral papillae each with single seta-like projection. Labial triangle as MrEL1L2A1– 5, r always present. Lateral process of labial palp thin, curved, blunt, reaching tip of labial papilla E. Cephalic groove with 8+8 ciliate setae.</p><p>Ecology. This species occurs in leaf litter, and is also considered a nuisance species in North America as it is commonly found inside homes.</p><p>Distribution. Cosmopolitan, including North and Central America.</p><p>Remarks. Willowsia nigromaculata is the only member of the genus with the following combination of characters: color pattern as in Figure 2; long basal rib scale type (Fig. 13); scales absent from antennae, legs, and furcula; labral papillae with a single seta-like projection; prelabral setae ciliate; labial triangle seta r present; outer maxillary lobe with 3+3 sublobal hairs; dorsal head with 3+3 median mac, 6+6 sutural mac, mac S0 present, and mac Ps5 absent (Fig. 17); Th. II with 1+1 median mac and 7+7 posterior mac; Abd. I with 3+3 mac; Abd. II with 3+3 inner mac; Abd. III with 3+3 inner and 3+3 lateral mac; and Abd. IV with 7+7 inner mac.</p><p>In the Americas, this species is most similar to W. buski: both have basal long rib scale type (Zhang et al., 2011); scales absent on antennae, legs, and manubrium; labral papillae each with a single seta-like projection; ciliate prelabral setae, labial triangle r seta present, 3+3 sublobal hairs of outer maxilla; 3+3 median mac, 6+6 sutural mac, and mac S0 present dorsally on head; 3+3 inner mac on Abd. II; and 3+3 lateral mac on Abd. IV. They can be differentiated by color pattern and chaetotaxy: W. nigromaculata has a distinct dorsal pigment pattern, while W. buski is uniformly dark blue or purple without a clear pattern; dorsal head mac Ps5 is absent in W. nigromaculata (present in W. buski); 1+1 median mac on Th. II ( W. buski has 2+2); 3+3 mac on Abd. I ( W. buski has 2+2); 3+3 inner mac on Abd. III ( W. buski has 2+2), and 7+7 inner mac on Abd. IV ( W. buski has 5+5). See Table 1 for additional diagnostic characters.</p><p>The specimens observed for this study matched morphological descriptions, including dorsal chaetotaxy, by Christiansen &amp; Bellinger (1998) and Zhang et al. (2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58E29FFF3FF9A9EF6FBA04321FE30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Katz, Aron D.	Katz, Aron D. (2017): A new endemic species of Willowsia from Florida (USA) and descriptive notes on all New World Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa 4350 (3): 549-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.7
03E58E29FFF2FF949EF6FDBC4714FCD9.text	03E58E29FFF2FF949EF6FDBC4714FCD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Willowsia pyrrhopygia Katz 2017	<div><p>Willowsia pyrrhopygia sp. nov. Katz</p><p>Figs 5–7, 19, 20–35</p><p>Willowsia n. sp. 1 Katz et al. 2015a</p><p>Willowsia sp. nov. 1 Katz et al. 2015b</p><p>Type material. Holotype, USA, Florida, Okeechobee Co., Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park, 27.5835, - 81.05187, on vegetation, 10.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, AK11-123, 1 male on slide (INHS 810,166).</p><p>Allotype, USA, Florida, Taylor Co., Econfina River State Park, 30.059533, -83.907350, on vegetation and twigs, 9.viii. 2011, A. Katz, AK 11-117, 1 female on slide (INHS 810,167).</p><p>Paratypes, USA: Florida, Okeechobee Co., Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park, 27.5835, -81.05187, on vegetation, 10.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, AK11-123, 7 in ethanol (INHS 810,186); Florida, Okeechobee Co., Kissimmee Prairie Preserve State Park, 27.5835, -81.05187, hand collected from bark, 10.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, AK11-124, 1 on slide (INHS 810,187), 5 in ethanol (INHS 810,188); Florida, Taylor Co., Econfina River State Park, 30.059533, -83.907350, 10.viii.2011, A. Katz, hand collected from bark, adk11-116, 1 on slide (INHS 810,189); Florida, Taylor Co., Econfina River State Park, 30.059533, -83.907350, on vegetation and twigs, 9.viii.2011, A. Katz, AK11-117, 5 in ethanol (INHS 810,190).</p><p>Additional material, USA: Florida, Citrus Co., Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge, W Burnt Bridge Rd., 28.75996, -82.57583, elev. 9ft, hand collected on epiphytes, 12.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, AK11-135, 2 (1 female) on slides (INHS 810,168–810,169), 17 in ethanol (INHS 810,170) ; Florida, Citrus Co., Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge, W Burnt Bridge Rd, 28.75996, -85.57583, on vegetation, 12.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, AK11-134, 1 female on slide (INHS 810,171), 25 in ethanol (INHS 810,172) ; Florida, Citrus Co., Chassahowitzka National Wildlife Refuge, W Burnt Bridge Rd, 28.75996, -85.57583, hand collected from leaf litter, 12.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, AK11-133, 1 in ethanol (INHS 810,173) ; Florida, Duval Co., Jacksonville, Chicopit Bay, West off side of Highway 1A, 30.376267, -81.436500, elev. 9ft, hand collected beating vegetation, 12.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, adk11-140, 4 in ethanol (INHS 810,174) ; Florida, Liberty Co., Apalochicola National Forest, 30.176650, -84.677233, 9.viii.2011, A. Katz, hand collected from bark, adk11-114, 1 on slide (INHS 810,175) ; Florida, Liberty Co., Apalochicola National Forest, 30.176650, -84.677233, 9.viii.2011, A. Katz, leaf litter, adk11-115, 1 in ethanol (INHS 810,176) ; Florida, Marion Co., Ocala National Forest, N of CR-314, 29.30076, -81.84686, elev. 105ft, hand collected under bark, 12.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, adk11-137, 4 in ethanol (INHS 810,177) ; Florida, Marion Co., Ocala National Forest, N of CR-314, 29.30076, -81.84686, on vegetation, 12.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, AK11-138, 1 female on slide (INHS 810,178), 17 in ethanol (INHS 810,178) ; Florida, Marion Co., Ocala National Forest, N of CR-314, 29.30076, -81.84686, elev. 105ft, hand collected in leaf litter, 12.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, adk11-139, 1 in ethanol (INHS 810,180) ; Florida, Miami- Dade Co., Everglades National Park, Pinelands Trail, 25.42298, -80.67965, on vegetation, 11.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, AK11-126, 1 on slide (INHS 810,181), 14 in ethanol (INHS 810,182) ; Florida, Miami-Dade Co., Everglades National Park, Pinelands Trail, 25.42298, -80.67965, hand collected from bark, 11.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, AK11-127, 1 in ethanol (INHS 810,183) ; Florida, Miami-Dade Co., Big Cypress National Preserve, County Rd 94, 25.760167, -81.0386, elev. 4ft, hand collected beating vegetation, 11.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, adk11-130, 2 in ethanol (INHS 810,184) ; Florida, Miami-Dade Co., Big Cypress National Preserve, County Rd 94, 25.760167, -81.0386, elev. 4ft, hand collected from epiphytes, 11.viii.2011, A. Katz &amp; J. Cech, adk11-132, 2 in ethanol (INHS 810,185);</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek adjective πυρρός, -ά, -όν, Latinized pyrrhus, -a, - um, ‘flame-colored, yellowish-red’; the Greek feminine noun, πϋγή, Latinized pyge, ‘rump, buttocks’; and the Greek adjective-forming suffix -ιος, Latinized -ius, -a, -um, ‘of, pertaining to’. The name references the conspicuous reddish-orange color of Abd. VI.</p><p>Description. Body shape and color pattern. Length up to 1.6 mm. Body dorso-ventrally -flattened (Figs 20, 21). Background color white with dark purple pigment forming two lateral bands from eye spot through Abd. I; on distal end of Ant I–III, most of Ant. IV deep purple; distal end of coxa, femora, and tibiotarsus dark purple; manubrium, and lateral margins of Abd. II–VI with small purple patches. Head and body speckled with light orange pigment. Abd. VI usually with bright orange pigment. Dens without pigment. Living specimens often look dark because of a dorsal cover of black or dark brown scales.</p><p>Scales. Scales as uninterrupted ribbed type: broad, rounded, and usually apically acuminate (Figs 5–7). Larger scales with straight parallel edges (Figs 6, 7). Nearly all scales with straight, parallel, uninterrupted ribs from base to tip that do not converge distally. Ribs rarely interrupted near tip in larger scales. Scales present dorsally on Ant. I–II, head, body; present on trochanter and femora of middle and hind legs and ventral face of manubrium; absent from Ant. III–IV, ventral side of head, ventral tube, and fore legs.</p><p>Head. Apical bulb of Ant. IV simple, sometimes bilobed. Dorsal chaetotaxy of head as in Figure 19: row An with 6 mac; anterior mac A0, A2, A3, A5 present; median mac M1–4 present; sutural mac S2, S4, S5 present, S 5i mac sometimes present, S6 as mic; posterior mac Ps5 present. Prelabral setae smooth. Labral papillae with 2–3 projections (Fig. 29). Outer maxillary lobe with 2 sublobal hairs (Fig. 28). Labial triangle as MEL1L2A1–5, r always absent (Fig. 30). Lateral process of labial palp thick, blunt, not reaching tip of labial papilla E (Fig. 31). Cephalic groove with 4+4 ciliate setae.</p><p>Thorax. Dorsal chaetotaxy of Th. II with 3 mac: a5, p3, p5 (Fig. 22). Th. III with 5 mac: p3, p6, m5, m6, a6 (Fig. 23). Trochanteral organ with triangular setal pattern with up to 26 smooth spiny setae (Fig. 35). Hind claw complex as in Figure 32.</p><p>Abdomen. Abd. I with 1 mac (Fig. 24). Abd. II with 3 mac: m3, m3e, m5 (Fig. 25). Abd. III with 5 mac: a2, m3, p6, pm6, am6 (Fig. 26). Abd. IV with 4 mac internal to bothriotricha and at least 7 lateral mac (Fig. 27). Ventral tube with 15–20 ciliate setae on each side of anterior face; 5+5 small smooth and 1+1 larger smooth setae on posterior face; lateral flaps with 7+7 smooth setae. Tenaculum as in Figure 33. Mucro as in Figure 34.</p><p>DNA Barcode. GenBank KM610131</p><p>Ecology. This species occurs under tree bark, in leaf litter, and on grasses, shrubs, epiphytes and other vegetation.</p><p>Distribution. Willowsia pyrrhopygia sp. nov. is known only from Florida, USA. It is very common and abundant throughout the state.</p><p>Remarks. Willowsia pyrrhopygia sp. nov. is the only member of the genus with the following combination of characters: color pattern as in Figs 20 and 21; uninterrupted rib scale type (Figs 5–7); scales present on antennae, manubrium, and legs; labral papillae with multiple projections (Fig. 29); prelabral setae smooth; labial triangle seta r absent (Fig. 30); outer maxillary lobe with 2+2 sublobal hairs (Fig. 28); dorsal head with 4+4 median mac, 4+4 sutural mac, mac S0 absent, and mac ps5 present (Fig. 19); Th. II with 0+0 median mac and 2+2 posterior mac (Fig. 22); Abd. I with 1+1 mac (Fig. 24); Abd. II with 2+2 inner mac (Fig. 25); Abd. III with 2+2 inner mac and 3+3 lateral mac (Fig. 26); and Abd. IV with 4+4 inner mac (Fig. 27).</p><p>It is most similar to W. mexicana in morphology and native distribution: both appear to be the only Willowsia species endemic to the New World, lacking labial triangle seta r, with 2 sublobal hairs, and share similarly reduced dorsal chaetotaxy. However, they can be separated by color pattern and dorsal chaetotaxay: W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. has only small patches of dark blue pigment along the lateral margins of Abd. IV–VI, and Abd. VI has conspicuous orange pigment (Figs 20–21), whereas, in W. mexicana, Abd. IV–VI are mostly covered with dark blue pigment (See figure 8 in Zhang et al., 2007); W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. always has 4+4 median mac on head, whereas W. mexicana usually has 3+3 (M1 usually absent); W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. has 4+4 (sometimes 3+3) sutural mac on head, lacking mac S3 and sometimes lacking S 5i, whereas W. mexicana has 5+5, with S3 and S 5i always present; W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. has 2+2 posterior mac on Th. II (p3, p5), whereas W. mexicana has 3+3 (p3–p5).</p><p>Two species from New Caledonia, W. neocaledonia and W. nigra, are also similar to W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. and W. mexicana, and together, these four species comprise the uninterrupted rip scale type group (sensu Zhang et al., 2011): they all have reduced dorsal chaetotaxy; smooth prelabral setae; and labral papillae with multiple projections. However, W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. lacks labial triangle seta r, has scales on the legs, and has only 2+2 hairs on the sublobal plate of the outer maxillary lobe, whereas in W. neocaledonia and W. nigra labial triangle seta r is present, scales are absent on the legs, and there are 3+3 hairs on the sublobal plate of the outer maxillary lobe. See Table 1 for additional diagnostic characters.</p><p>The genus Americabrya Mari Mutt &amp; Palacios-Vargas, 1987, also endemic to the New World, has scales with similar (yet fewer) uninterrupted ribs and shares similar chaetotaxy with native New World Willowsia . Morphological comparisons among native New World Willowsia and Americabrya may provide additional insight into the complex evolutionary history of scaled Entomobryinae . It is apparent that W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. and W. mexicana share many morphological similarities with Americabrya arida (See Table 1) that include character states that are unique, or at least undocumented, for Entomobryinae (i.e., 2 hairs on the sublobal plate of the outer maxilla and the absence of labial seta r) suggesting that W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. and W. mexicana may be more closely related to Americabrya than to their Asian congeners. This hypothesis is supported by recent molecular phylogenetic studies (Zhang et al. 2014b; 2015; 2016; Katz et al. 2015a; Zhang &amp; Deharveng 2015) that dispute Willowsia ’s monophyly, proposing that some species of Willowsia may have descended from independent lineages of Entomobrya . In this case, W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov., W. mexicana and Americabrya spp., all endemic to North America, may share a New World Entomobrya ancestor. Furthermore, Zhang et al. (2011) suggests that differences in scale morphology (i.e., rib sculpturing and shape) may provide valuable insight regarding the evolution and systematics of Willowsia . For example, all Willowsia species with uninterrupted rib type scales may share common ancestry with Americabrya which have smaller and thinner, seta-like scales with only 2 uninterrupted ribs (Fig. 14). However, a robust, species-level molecular phylogeny is needed to evaluate these hypotheses in the future.</p><p>Table 1. Diagnostic characters to separate species of Willowsia that occur in the New World and additional species with close affinities with W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. Bold character states indicate those shared with W. pyrrhopygia sp. nov. Underlined character states indicate those unique to native New World Willowsia and Americabrya .</p><p>Willowsia Willowsia Willowsia Willowsia Willowsia Willowsia Willowsia Americabrya Characters pyrrhopygia mexicana neocaledonia nigra jacobsoni nigromaculata buski arida</p><p>sp. nov.</p><p>Scale rib sculpturing uninterrupted uninterrupted uninterrupted uninterrupted interrupted interrupted interrupted uninterrupted</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E58E29FFF2FF949EF6FDBC4714FCD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Katz, Aron D.	Katz, Aron D. (2017): A new endemic species of Willowsia from Florida (USA) and descriptive notes on all New World Willowsia (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa 4350 (3): 549-562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4350.3.7
