taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E587C5BD1B7035FE88FBE3A9D4D1AB.taxon	diagnosis	Group Diagnosis. Small beetles, males measuring 1.66 – 2.43 mm in length, females measuring 1.95 – 2.52 mm in length. Dorsum yellow, glabrous, with brown, reddish brown, or black punctures; standard maculae diffuse, often dark brown or fuscous. Eyes of male closely (IOD = 0.04 – 0.08 mm) to moderately (IOD = 0.18 – 0.26 mm) separated; front with ocular lines. Protarsal claws of males either not enlarged or greatly enlarged. Median lobe of aedeagus varying from rather basic and unadorned to moderately inflated with paired penicilli and with apicolateral angle deflexed to near 60 °, creating extended, triangular DEO.	en	Barney, Robert J. (2018): Definition and Revision of the pectoralis Species-Group of Eastern North American Pachybrachis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (3): 471-499, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-72.3.471, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-72.3.471
03E587C5BD1B7035FE88FBE3A9D4D1AB.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The pectoralis species-group, as proposed here, is an artificial grouping of species with ocular lines and found in the eastern USA. Pachybrachis clarki Barney was addressed in Barney (2016 a) and will not be redescribed here. The other six species may actually be three pairs of sister species, each pair representing a larger species-group also present in the western USA: P. pectoralis and Pachybrachis sobrinus Haldeman; Pachybrachis tridens (F. E. Melsheimer) and Pachybrachis obsoletus Suffrian; and Pachybrachis peccans Suffrian and Pachybrachis diversus Fall.	en	Barney, Robert J. (2018): Definition and Revision of the pectoralis Species-Group of Eastern North American Pachybrachis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (3): 471-499, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-72.3.471, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-72.3.471
03E587C5BD1B7035FE88FBE3A9D4D1AB.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Almost nothing is known of the biology of most species of North American Pachybrachis. However, the immature stages of two species in this group, P. pectoralis and P. peccans, have been studied (LeSage 1985; Stiefel 1993). Salix spp. (Salicaceae), Toxicodendron radicans (L.) Kuntze (Anacardiaceae), Quercus spp. (Fagaceae), Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Fabaceae), and Gleditsia triacanthos L. (Fabaceae) are among suspected host plants.	en	Barney, Robert J. (2018): Definition and Revision of the pectoralis Species-Group of Eastern North American Pachybrachis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (3): 471-499, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-72.3.471, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-72.3.471
03E587C5BD00702CFEB9FB5EAF54D070.taxon	description	v. 1975, R. Turnbow [16, FSCA]; Emanuel Co., Ohoopee Dunes Nat. Area, 10. vi. 2006, R. Turnbow [1 ♀, RHTC]. ILLINOIS: Adams Co., Quincy, 20. vi. 1898, W. S. Marshall [16 1 ♀, WIRC]; Carroll Co., Miss. Palisades St. Pk., 14. vii. 1982, R. J. Barney [16 1 ♀, RJBC]; Cass Co., Beardstown, 24. vi. 1953, on Betula nigra, Sanderson & Moore [3266 32 ♀♀, INHS]; same data, except on Acer saccharinum, [1466 10 ♀♀, INHS]; Bluff Springs Hill Prairie, 5.4 mi W Virginia, 25. vi. 1981, R. J. Barney [2 ♀♀, RJBC]; Panther Creek Cons. Area, 25. vi. 1981, R. J. Barney [1 ♀, RJBC]; Champaign Co., Champaign, 25. v. 1955, on Salix sp., J. Kingsolver [16 3 ♀♀, INHS]; 1 mi E Urbana, R. J. Barney [1 ♀, RJBC]; Cook Co., Chicago, 29. vii [16, MCZ- FALL]; same data, except 29. vi. 1911, E. Liljebad [16 5 ♀♀, USNM; 366 3 ♀♀, HCF, MCZ]; DuPage Co., Bloomingdale, 1. vii. 2017, ex. Salix sp., R. J. & S. A. Barney [266 3 ♀♀, RJBC]; Kankakee Co., Aroma Park, 6. viii. 1947, on birch, Burks & Sanderson [16 4 ♀♀, INHS]; Marion Co., 2 mi N Alma, 18. vi. 1981, ex. Salix sp., R. J. Barney [2 ♀♀, RJBC]; Mason Co., Sand Prairie-Scrub Oak N. P., 3 mi E Bath, 25. vi. 1981, R. J. Barney [2 ♀♀, RJBC]; McDonough Co., Macomb, 14. vii. 1980, Y. Sedman [16 1 ♀, NDSIRC]; Piatt Co., 2 mi W Seymour, 25. vi. 1981, ex. Salix, R. J. Barney [1 ♀, RJBC]; Pike Co., 1 mi W Pearl, 24. vi. 1981, R. J. Barney [1 ♀, RJBC]; St. Clair Co., Cahokia, 21. vi, Liebeck Collection [1 ♀, HCF, MCZ]; Vermillion Co., Kickapoo St. Pk., 14. vi. 1981, ex. Salix, R. J. Barney [16, RJBC]; Whiteside Co., Thomas-Fulton Sand Prairie, NE Filton, Railroad Lane, ex. Rhus sp., 14. vi. 2016, R. J. Barney & S. M. Clark [2 ♀♀, RJBC; 1 ♀, BYUC]. INDIANA: Elkhart Co. [1 ♀, MCZ]; Harrison Co., 1. vii. 1937, on willow [1 ♀, PERC]; Jasper Co., 10. vii. 1935 [366 1 ♀, PERC]; Lagrange Co., Dallas Lake, 1. vii. 1984, D. A. Rider [16 2 ♀♀, LSAM]; Marion Co., 14. vi. 1916, W. S. Blatchley [16 1 ♀, TAMU]; same data, except 23. vi. 1918, [1 ♀, PERC]; same data, except 5. vi. 1921 [16, PERC]; same data, except 11. vi. 1923 [1 ♀, PERC]; Porter Co., 19. vii. 1941, T. Daggy [16, NCSU]; Pulaski Co., 5. vii. 1985, D. W. LaHue [16 4 ♀♀, PERC]; Starke Co., 5. vii. 1935, D. W. LaHue [16, PERC]; St. Joseph Co., Mishawaka, 16. vi. 1932, on willow, A. W. Trippel [1 ♀, PERC]; Tippecanoe Co., Lafayette, 20. vii. 1932, on willow, A. W. Trippel [1 ♀, PERC]; same data, except 2 - 22. vi. 1955, ex. Salix, N. M. Downie [16 2 ♀♀, AMNH]; same data, except 16. vii. 1956, ex. Salix, G. H. Nelson [1 ♀, AJGC; 16 1 ♀, MCZ]. IOWA: Story Co., Ames, 30. vi. 1890 [266 6 ♀♀, ISIC]; Unknown county, Ia. [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]; Eddyville [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]. KAN- SAS: Douglas Co., 900 ft., F. H. Snow [16 2 ♀♀, HCF, SEMC]; Nemaha Co., 5 mi NNW Onaga, 6 - 12. vi. 2006, canopy trap, A. Cruz [1 ♀, SEMC]; Rawlins Co., 2850 ft., F. X. Williams [1 ♀, HCF, SEMC]. KENTUCKY: Carlise Co., 2 mi E Cunningham, 15. vi. 1965, willow [16, OSUC]; Fulton Co., 26. vii. 1972, P. H. Freytag [1 ♀, UKIC]; Scott Co., 28. vii. 1971, D. E. Barnett [1 ♀, UKIC]; Trigg Co., Fort Campbell, 10. vii. 2008, ex. Salix, R. J. Barney [3 ♀♀, RJBC]. MAINE: Androscoggin Co., Wales, 20. vii. 1908, C. A. Frost [1 ♀, MCZ]; Aroostook Co., St. Francis, 9. ix. 1954, A. E. Brower [266 1 ♀, UNH]; Kennebec Co., Monmouth, 30. vii. 1908, C. A. Frost [1 ♀, MCZ]; Knox Co., Bred, Friendship, 13. vii. 1936 [1 ♀, UNH]; Oxford Co., Paris, 15. vii. 1918, C. A. Frost [1 ♀, MCZ]; same data, except 16. vii. 1938 [1 ♀, HCF, MCZ]; same data, except 14. vii. 1946 [2 ♀♀, MCZ]; Piscataquis Co., Kokadjo, 19. vii [16, UNH]; York Co., Old Orchard, 23. vi. 1900 [16 2 ♀♀, FCB, MCZ]. MARYLAND: Anne Arundel Co., Patuxent Wildlife Res. Ctr., 19. v. 1998, J. F. Cavey [16, JFCC]; Baltimore Co., Chase, 31. viii. 1990, J. F. Cavey [1 ♀, JFCC]; Deer Park, Soldiers Delight, 20. ix. 1990, J. F. Cavey [1 ♀, JFCC]; Garrett Co., The Glades of Cherry Creek, 18. vi. 1996, ex. Vaccinium, J. F. Cavey [266 3 ♀♀, JFCC]; Worcester Co., Whiteburg, 17. vi. 1985, J. F. Cavey [16, JFCC]. MASSACHUSETTS: Middlesex Co., Framingham, 10. vi. 1906, C. A. Frost [1 ♀, HCF, MCZ]; same data, except 4. vii. 1946 [2 ♀♀, MCZ]; Lowell, 4. viii. 1896 [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]; Tyngsboro, 17. vii. 1902 [16, MCZ-FALL]; same data, except 1 - 20. vii. 1914 [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]; same data, except 6. ix. 1920 [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]; Plymouth Co., Marion, 9 - 12. vii. 1902 [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]; Worcester Co., Southboro, 27. vi. 1926, C. A. Frost [16 1 ♀, HCF, MCZ]. MICHIGAN: Cheboygan Co., Cheboygan, vii [1 ♀, CMC]; Chippewa Co., Sault LS, 21. vii [266 1 ♀, Fall 1915 Revis, USNM]; Kalamazoo Co., Gull Lake Biol. Sta., 28. vi. 1972, R. D. Ward [16, CIMNH]; Kalkaska Co., 16. viii. 1966, L. F. Wilson [16, MSUC]; Grand Traverse Co., T 26 N R 10 W Sec 25, 16. vii. 1982, N. C. Elliott [16 1 ♀, MSUC]; same data, except 3. viii. 1982 [16, MSUC]; Ingham Co., Ag. College, H. E. Weed [1 ♀, PERC]; Van Buren Co., 17. viii. 1966, R. L. Fischer [266, MSUC]; Wayne Co., Detroit [1 ♀, Fall 1915 Revis, USNM]; Unknown county, Mich. [5 ♀♀, teste Fall, CMC]. MINNESOTA: Brown Co., New Ulm, 27. vi. 1968, V. M. Kirk [366 2 ♀♀, SDSU]; St. Louis Co., 14 mi W Ely, 30. vi. 1984, Wappes & Downie [1 ♀, FMNH]. MISSISSIPPI: Bolivar Co., Great River Road State Park, 22. iv. 1981, ex. Salix, R. J. Barney [16 2 ♀♀, RJBC]; DeSoto Co., hwy. 61, 2.5 mi SW jct. 302, 14. vii. 2002, R. Turnbow [1 ♀, RHTC]; Pontotoc Co., 1 mi SE Ecru, 4. vi. 1980, W. H. Cross [16, MEM]. MISSOURI: Pettis Co., Friendly Prairie, 6. vi. 1980, E. G. Riley [1 ♀, UMRM]; Reynolds Co., Sutton’ s Bluff Campground, 7. vii. 1984, E. G. & M. A. Riley [16, LSAM; 1 ♀, TAMU]. NEBRASKA: Cuming Co., West Point, 27. vi. 1887, on willow [4 ♀♀, UNSM]; Hall Co., Grand Island, 22. vi. 1968, B. C. Ratcliffe [1 ♀, UNSM]; Otoe Co., Nebraska City, Elliott [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]; Unknown county, Sand Hills, vii [266 2 ♀♀, UNSM]. NEW HAMP- SHIRE: Grafton Co., Franconia, Liebeck Collection [1 ♀, MCZ]; Hillsborough Co., Antrim, 24. vi. 1940 [2 ♀♀, MEM]; Rockingham Co., Derry, 1. vii. 1920 [466 4 ♀♀, MCZ-FALL]; Hampton, 11. vii. 1933, S. A. Shaw [1 ♀, UNH]; Rye, 21. vii. 1926 [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]; Strafford Co., Dover, 10. vi. 1934, B. G. Markos [16, UNH]; Durham, 5. vi. 1936, B. G. Markos [16, UNH]; same data, except 24. vii. 1977, W. J. Morse [1 ♀, UNH]; same data, except 1 mi SW Durham, 30. ix. 1987, W. J. Morse [1 ♀, UNH]; same data, except 14. vii. 1992 [1 ♀, UNH]; same data, except 28. viii. 1992 [1 ♀, UNH]; same data, except 21. viii. 1993 [1 ♀, UNH]; Farmington, 3. viii. 1900 [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]; Unknown county, N. H. [1 ♀, “ tridens in Lec. Coll. ”, MCZ-FALL]. NEW JERSEY: Burlington Co., 4 mi W Chatsworth, 8 - 9. vi. 1997, E. G. Riley [16 1 ♀, EGR # 158, EGRC]; Camden Co., Atco, 2. vi, Liebeck Collection [16 1 ♀, MCZ]; Clementon, 7. vi, Liebeck Collection [1 ♀, MCZ]; Unknown county, N. J. [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]; N. J., F. A. Eddy [1 ♀, MCZ]. NEW MEXICO: Unknown county, N. M., F. H. Snow [16, MCZ-FALL; 2 ♀♀, HCF, SEMC]; Magdalena Mts., viii. 1894, F. H. Snow, Det. By Horn, “ 162. Horn’ s letter Oct. ‘ 94 ” [1 ♀, HCF, MCZ- FALL]. NEW YORK: Clinton Co., Silver Lake, 23. vii. 1997, R. Turnbow [1 ♀, RHTC]; Essex Co., Jay, 6. vii. 1999 [1 ♀, RHTC]; St. Lawrence Co., Rossie, 13. v. 1959, N. M. Downie [266 1 ♀, AMNH]; Unknown county, N. Y. [1 ♀, MCZ-FALL]. NORTH CAROLINA: Wake Co., Raleigh, 30. vii. 1942, C. S. B. [16 2 ♀♀, NCSU]; same data, except 2. vi. 1953, sweeping willow, B. K. Dozier [266 6 ♀♀, FSCA]. OHIO: Clinton Co., 9. xi. 1960, F. J. Moore [1 ♀, OSUC]; same data, except 26. vii. 1962 [1 ♀, OSUC]; Delaware Co., 29. v. 1949, D. J. & J. N. Knull [1 ♀, OSUC]; Vinton Co., Jackson Twp., 13. vii. 1938, J. H. Hughes [366 1 ♀, UGCA]; 17. viii. 1939 [266 1 ♀, UGCA]; Warren Co., Franklin, 6. vi. 1946, Beaten ex. fir [1 ♀, OSUC]. OKLAHOMA: Latimer Co., vi. 1983, K. H. Stephan [9 ♀♀, TAMU]. PENNSYLVANIA: Allegheny Co., Pittsburgh, 20. vi, H. Klages [266 1 ♀, CMNH]; Dauphin Co., Dauphin, 4. vii, H. W. Wenzel Collection [16, OSUC]; Heckton Mills, 24. vi. 1961, E. U. Balsbaugh, Jr. [1 ♀, AUEM; 1 ♀, NDSIRC]; same data, except 8 - 10. vii. 1962, taken on Alnus [16 1 ♀, AUEM; 266 5 ♀♀, NDSIRC]; Unknown county, Pa [266, MCZ]. SOUTH DAKOTA: Brookings Co., Brookings, 20. vii. 1965, V. M. Kirk [16, NDSIRC]; Lake Campbell, 9. vii. 1965, on willow, V. M. Kirk [1166 11 ♀♀, NDSIRC]; Poinsett Lake, 17. vii. 1965, V. M. Kirk [1 ♀, NDSIRC]; Gregory Co., Ft. Randall Dam, 1. vii. 1968, E. U. Balsbaugh, Jr. & G. Alleman [1 ♀, NDSIRC]; Hughes Co., Blunt, 18. vii. 1945, H. C. Severin [16, SDSU]. TENNESSEE: Campbell Co., 21. v. 1958, F. W. Mead [16, FSCA]; Henderson Co., Natchez Trace State Park, 13. vi. 1978, R. L. Fischer [16, MSUC]; Sevier Co., Gatlinburg, GSMNP, 3500 ’, 19. vii. 1947, R. H. Whitaker [666 11 ♀♀, INHS]; Shelby Co., Memphis, ix, F. M. Hull [2 ♀♀, SEMC]. VIRGINIA: Botetourt Co., Hwy. 615, near Hipes, 24. v. 2006, E. G. Riley [16, EGRC]. WEST VIRGINIA: Wayne Co., Virginia Point Park, 24. vi. 2008, ex. Salix, R. J. Barney [16 2 ♀♀, RJBC]. WISCONSIN: Columbia Co., Portage, 20. vii. 1917, S. B. Fracker [2 ♀♀, WIRC]; Crawford Co., Hogback Prairie SNA, 43.2145 o N, 90.8716 o W, 7. vi. 2016, E. G. Riley [16, EGRC]; Dane Co., 30. vi. 1949, W. McNeel [2 ♀♀, WIRC]; Madison, 19. vii. 1929, C. L. Finke [2 ♀♀, WIRC]; same data, except 26. vi- 16. vii. 1940, ex. Salix, H. R. Dodge [366 9 ♀♀, TAMU]; Mazomanie, 29. vii. 1918, C. L. Finke [3 ♀♀, WIRC]; Dunn Co., 29. vii. 1949, Fraxinus nigra, W. McNeal [1 ♀, WIRC]; same data, except Ulmus americana [2 ♀♀, WIRC]; Grant Co., W of Blue River, Hwy. 133, 43.1355 o N 90.6759 o W, 11. vi. 2016, ex Salix sp., R. J. Barney [266 15 ♀♀, RJBC]; Sauk Co., Leopold Reserve, 2. vii. 1987, L. F. Goodman [16, WIRC]; Waupaca Co., Clintonville, 4. vii. 1938, birch foliage, H. R. Dodge [1 ♀, WIRC]; Wood Co., 28. vi. 1949, ex. Quercus borealis, W. McNeel [2 ♀♀, WIRC]. WYOMING: Albany Co., Centennial, 16. viii. 1968, on Salix, P. H. Freytag [16, UKIC]; Medicine Bow Nat. For., Curtis Gulch Cmpgrd., 29. vi- 4. vii. 1991, P. R. Edelman [1 ♀, UKIC].	en	Barney, Robert J. (2018): Definition and Revision of the pectoralis Species-Group of Eastern North American Pachybrachis Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 72 (3): 471-499, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-72.3.471, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-72.3.471
