taxonID	type	description	language	source
03E487FD3F5E36536DD9FE74FEA2FEDB.taxon	materials_examined	Material inspected. Tokyo, NMST An 435, formol preserved Neotype (Fig. 1) labeled “ Ph carnosa (Goto and Hatai) [Kanji for Sendai-city] 1923 - 1925 ” part of Saito Ho-on Kai Museum Collection, possibly inspected and labeled by Dr Hatai who was original author, or one of his students e. g. Shinryo Ohfuchi. The date precludes it being a syntype. One mature specimen with tip of tail missing, previously undissected and here figured and dissected with small tissue samples taken to attempt DNA 1 mm barcoding.	en	Blakemore, R. J. (2012): Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) redescribed on its neotype (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 1 (1): 35-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12753216
03E487FD3F5E36536DD9FE74FEA2FEDB.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Size 110 - 247 mm. Spermathecal pores in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 or rarely in 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 (Goto & Hatai confused them in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8). Dorsal pores typically from 12 / 13. Genital markings typically closely paired mid-ventral and presetal in 8 - 9 and often also in 18 - 19 with other pairs just posterior (and sometimes anteriorly) median to the male pores; some variation apparently acceptable, including complete absence of markings. Intestinal caeca simple.	en	Blakemore, R. J. (2012): Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) redescribed on its neotype (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 1 (1): 35-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12753216
03E487FD3F5E36536DD9FE74FEA2FEDB.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Japan (Goto & Hatai, 1899; Kobayashi, 1936 a; Ohfuchi, 1937; Easton, 1981 - from Kyushu to Tohoku and Hokkaido from reports he quotes by Kobayashi, 1936, 1941 and Yamaguchi, 1962); Korea and Jeju-do (= Quelpart) Island (Kobayashi, 1936 a; 1936 b; 1937; 1938); China (Chen, 1959); claimed from Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Shandong, Hong Kong, Sichuan, and Beijing [from Chinese Agricultural Academy of Science website: www. agrionline. net. cn / zhuanti / index. htm (2005), whence Pheretima carnosa (sic) is dubiously described with either three or four pairs of spermathecae in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8, 8 / 9, possibly including P. pingi subspecies]; Vietnam (unconfirmed as P. pingi). Relatively recently A. carnosus was (? mis-) described from Taiwan by Shen et al. (2005); this requires confirmation as noted by Blakemore et al. (2006: 228).	en	Blakemore, R. J. (2012): Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) redescribed on its neotype (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 1 (1): 35-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12753216
03E487FD3F5E36536DD9FE74FEA2FEDB.taxon	description	Description (Neotype compared to the original descriptions and synonymy above, excluding typical A. pingi characteristics). Body length 180 + mm (cf. 143 - 153 by Goto & Hatai or 110 - 247 by Kobayashi, 1936 a), segments 111 + (cf. 106 - 126 by Goto & Hatai or 110 - 179 by Kobayashi). Dark brown dorsum with darker clitellum. First dorsal pore 12 / 13 (cf. 13 / 14 Goto & Hatai lapsus, or 11 / 12 / 13 in some other accounts). Setae 24 - 69. Spermathecal pores wide in 5 / 6 / 7 / 8 / 9 (initially confused by Goto & Hatai as 5 / 6 / 7 / 8). Genital markings closely paired presetally in 8 and 9 (7 and 8 according to Goto & Hatai, lapsus - Fig. 2), in 18 and often in 19; other markings just anterioventral to superficial male pores in 18 postsetally (neotype in agreement except that 19 rhs presetal is unilateral - Fig. 1); in Goto & Hatai’s second specimen and 50 % of Kobayashi’s material both these mid-ventral pairs in 18 and 19 were absent and sometimes no markings were near male pores either, while a few other specimens lacked markings entirely or had extra markings in 18. Considerable variation was permitted in both preclitellar and postclitellar marking locations by Kobayashi (1936 a) - Fig. 3. Sessile glands correspond to the markings internally. No accessory pore glands noted, neither near to spermathecal nor to male pores (cf. Shen et al., 2005). Internally the pharyngeal mass extends to 4 and tufted meroic nephridia are in 5 and 6. Septa 8 / 9 / 10 are aborted or 8 / 9 sometimes retained and displaced by gizzard (Kobayashi, 1936 a: 116); 10 / 11 / 12 and sometimes 12 / 13 are strong; thereafter membranous. Spermathecae in 6 - 9, the first pair often smaller (and sometimes absent) the last two pairs after septum 7 / 8; with diverticula about half the length of duct plus ampulla. Last hearts in 13. From ca. 15 / 16 distinct paired septal glands on dorsal blood vessel occur (Fig. 1). Seminal vesicles with dorsal appendages in 11 and 12. Ovaries in 13 with vestigial ovisacs on posterior of 13 / 14. Intestine origin in 15 with simple caeca from 27 extnding forward to 24 or 23. Gut contains yellow soil in Neotype, i. e., low organic content suggesting a geophageous diet.	en	Blakemore, R. J. (2012): Amynthas carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) redescribed on its neotype (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Megascolecidae). Journal of Species Research 1 (1): 35-43, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12753216
