identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03E687BDFFECFFABFF3FFEBBFF21FAE4.text	03E687BDFFECFFABFF3FFEBBFF21FAE4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panthea	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Checklist of  Panthea</p>
            <p>Old World</p>
            <p> P. coenobita (Esper, 1785) = latefasciata Rebel, 1910 = ussuriensis Warnecke, 1917 = immaculata Sheljuzhko, 1920 = idae Bryk, 1948 </p>
            <p> P. grisea Wileman, 1919 P. fuscogrisea sp. n.</p>
            <p> P. florianii sp. n.</p>
            <p> P. ro b e r t i Joannis, 1928 =  hoenei Draudt, 1950 ,  syn. n.</p>
            <p> New World (after Anweiler, 2009)  P. apanthea Anweiler, 2009</p>
            <p> P. reducta Anweiler, 2009</p>
            <p> P. judyae Anweiler, 2009</p>
            <p> P. gigantea (French, 1890)</p>
            <p> P. furcilla furcilla (Packard, 1864) P. furcilla australis Anweiler, 2009 P. greyi Anweiler, 2009</p>
            <p> P. acronyctoides acronyctoides (Walker, 1861) P. acronyctoides nigra Anweiler, 2009 P. virginarius (Grote, 1880)</p>
            <p> Panthea coenobita (Esper, 1785) (Figs 1–4, 25, 29, 37) </p>
            <p> Phalaena ,  Bombyx coenobita Esper, 1785 , Die Schmettlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen, 3: 196, Pl. 37: 7. Type locality: Germany, Erlangen. Type: female, Nr. 1164, ZSM, München. </p>
            <p> Panthea coenobita ab. latefasciata Rebel, 1910, Fr. Berge’s Schmetterlingbush nach dem gegenwärtigen Stande der Lepidopterologie. edition, 9: 141, infrasubspecific name. </p>
            <p> Panthea coenobita ssp. ussuriensis Warnecke, 1917, Neue Beiträge zur Systematischen Insektenkunde, 1:32 (Type-locality: [Russia] Ussuri) </p>
            <p> Panthea coenobita f. kotschubeyi Sheljuzhko, 1920, Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftlichen Insektenbiologie 15: 188, infrasubspecific name. </p>
            <p> Panthea coenobita f. immaculata Sheljuzhko, 1920, Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftlichen Insektenbiologie 15: 188, infrasubspecific name. </p>
            <p> Panthea coenobita idae Bryk, 1948 , Arkiv für Zoology (A)1: 50, Pl. 1: 23 (Type localty: Japan, Kariuzawa. Holotype: male, NHRM, Stockholm). </p>
            <p> References: Warren in Seitz A. (ed.) 1909: 10, Pl. 2 row a (  Panthea ); Sugi 1982: I:671, II: 344, Pl. 164: 18, 19 (  Panthea ); Bryk 1948: 50, Pl.1: 23 (  Panthea coenobita idae ); Kozhanchikov, 1950: 413, fig. 205, gen. 206, male and female (  Diphthera ); Forster &amp; Wohlfahrt 1980: 237, Pl. 25: 40 (  Panthea ); Chen 1982: 239, fig. 1736 (  Panthea ); Poole 1989: 765 (  Panthea ); Kononenko et al. 1998: 177, f ig. 456 (  Panthea ); Chen 1999: 64, Pl.1: 17, gen. 26 male (  Panthea ); Kononenko, 2005: 132 (  Panthea ); Kononenko, &amp; Han 2007: 85, gen. 79: 1 male, 229: 6 female (  Panthea ); Hacker &amp; Zilli 2007: 223, gen. 9 male, 10 female (  Panthea ); Matov et al. 2008: 256 (  Panthea ); Fibiger et al. 2009: 21, Pl. 1: 1–4, gen. 1 male, 173 female (  Panthea ); Kononenko, 2010: 172, Pl. 21: 3–5, gen. 107: 2 male, 179: 2 female (  Panthea ); Volynkin 2012: 63, Pl. 7: 3–4 (  Panthea ). </p>
            <p>Material examined. Over 500 specimens from different part of Palaearctic from Europe to Russian Far East, Japan, North China and Korea. GERMANY: S Bavaria, Sachsenhausen, 650 m, 47°56'02"N, 11°28'23"E, Behounek G. leg., vi. (GB/ZSM); Lenggries, Hohenwiesen, 720 m, 47°37'26"N, 11°35'56"E, Behounek G. leg., 9.vi.1977 (GB/ZSM); Königsdorfer-Moor, 2 km E Hofstätt, 600 m, 47°49'22"N, 11°27'00"E, Behounek G. leg., 13.–17.vi.1977 (GB/ZSM); Deininger-Moor, bei Wolfratshausen, 650 m, 47°57'06,30''N, 11°29'59.30''E, Behounek G. leg., vi., vii. (GB/ZSM); Schöngeising Umg., ca. 600 m, 48°07'56"N, 11°13'30"E, Schacht W. leg., 19.v.1982 (GB/ZSM); Spitzinggebiet, Firstgraben, 1200m, 47°40'04"N, 11°52'17"E, A. E. Rau leg. ex coll., 17.vi.1982 (GB/ ZSM); München, Kloster Schäftlarn, 600 m, 58’55"N, 11°27’49"E, 47°5, Behounek G. leg., M. vi.1976 (GB/ZSM); Deisenhofen, (Oberhaching), 600 m, 48°06'10"N, 11°29'20"E, Behounek G. leg., vi., vii. (GB/ZSM); SO Bavaria, Grafing, 520 m, 48°02’30"N, 11°58’07"E, Behounek G. leg. 22.vi.2002 (GB/ZSM); Thuringia, near Eisenach, 50°58'N, 10°19'E, collector unknown, vi. (GB/ZSM); ITALY, Trentino-S. Tirol, Prov. Bozen, Latsch, 700 m, 46°37'N, 10°53'E, Brückl leg. (GB/ZSM); Schnalstal bei Naturns, Umg. Vernagt, 1000–1850 m, 46°44’N, 10°52’E, Behounek G. leg., 14.vi.1984 (GB/ZSM); JAPAN: Honshu, Nagano Pref., Minami-Azumi, Shirahone, 1600 m, 36°50’ N, 138°14’E, Kinoshita S. leg., 27.–28.vii.1989 (GB/ZSM); Abo Pass, 1812 m, Minami Azumi, (subalpine zone), 44°08’, 140°48’E, Kinoshita S. leg., 15.viii.1981 (GB/ZSM); Okayama Pref., Mt. Hirusen, Kawakahi-mura, 34°42’N, 133°56’E, Kinoshita S. leg., 1.viii.1978 (GB/ZSM); Shiga Pref., Mt. Hira, 980 m, Shaka-dake, 35°10’ N, 136°10’E, Kinoshita S. leg., 17.viii.1980, coll. J. Stumpf; Yamanashi Pref., Ohtsuki, Koganezawa rindo, Fukashiro, 600–800 m, 35°41’N, 138°40’E, Yoshimoto H. leg., 9.viii.1980 (GB/ZSM); AUSTRIA: Steiermark, Gulsenberg nr. Preg, 450–700 m, Meier H. leg., 3.vii.1953 (GB/ZSM); Teufenbach, 47°07’N, 14°20’E, Meier H. leg., 15.ix.1953 (GB/ZSM); RUSSIA, European part, Region Bryansk, Dobrun/ Paluje, 45°00’N, 21°37’E, collector unknown, vii (GB/ZSM); UKRAINE: Tscherkassy, Kostjuk I. leg., 10.vii.1986 (GB/ZSM); RUSSIA: Primorye terr., Khabarovsk terr., Sakhalin, Irkutsk reg. (coll. IBSS, Coll. ZISP).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Wingspan 45–55 mm. Unmistakable species with rather narrow and oblique forewing and distinct wing pattern formed by four dentate black crosslines, small orbicular and reniform stigmata on white ground colour. Female somewhat larger than male, with broader forewing; male antennae bipectinate, those of female filiform. Male genitalia (Fig. 29): uncus small, reduced, subscaphium large, with wide base and narrow apical part, apically bilobate. Valva quadrangular, with somewhat extended apical margin and with large, extended harpe. Aedeagus with short vesica armed with three very large cornuti. Female genitalia (Fig. 37): papillae anales short, quadrangular, antrum very short, bursae elongate membranous, with sclerotised caudal part.  Panthea coenobita varies greatly in colour pattern depending on location and habitat; in some populations dark elements of the pattern are developed more strongly, in others white elements are developed more. The species has continuous distribution in the Palaearctic. Therefore we do not separate  Panthea coenobita ussuriensis and  Panthea coenobita idae as a subspecies. </p>
            <p> Distribution. Eurasian boreal species distributed from Europe, Near East, Russia (from European part and the Ural through Siberia to the Far East, Sakhalin and Kuriles) to Northeast China, Korea and Japan. Mesophilous species inhabits coniferous woodlands, locally abundant in dark coniferous taiga. Univoltine. The moth flies from late V to VIII. Larvae oligophagous on coniferous trees  Pinus sylvestris ,  P. cembrae ,  P. koraensis ,  Picea ,  Abies ,  Larix (Matov &amp; Kononenko 2012) . </p>
            <p> Panthea grisea Wileman, 1910 (Figs 5–8, 30, 38) </p>
            <p> Panthea grisea Wileman, 1910 , Entomologist 43: 345. Type-locality: Taiwan, Rantaizan, in NHM. Holotype: male, NHM (BMNH, London). </p>
            <p> References: Chang 1991: 14, fig. 7 (  Panthea ); Fu &amp; Tzuoo 2002: 76, Pl.23: 17 (  Panthea ); Hampson 1913: 367, Pl.234: 6 (  Diphthera ); Hreblay 1998: 11, gen. 11– 12 male, 13 female (  Panthea ); Poole 1989: 765 (  Panthea ); Wang, 1996: 197 fig. (  Panthea ). </p>
            <p> Material examined. Types. Holotype: male, Rantaizan, Formosa 7500 ft, 11.v.1909. A. E. Wileman // Wileman coll. B.M. 1929-261 //  Panthea grisea ,  sp.n. type, female // Type // NHM (BMNH), London), examined by photos. Other material examined. 1 male, TAIWAN, Prov. Nantou, Meifeng, 2100–2250 m, 24°15’ N, 21°10’E, Chen M. Y. &amp; Buchsbaum U. leg., 15.ix.2002, slide 8159 male (GB/ZSM); 1 male, Prov. Hualien, Kuanyuan, 2340–2550 m, 24°11’N, 121°20’ E, László Gy. M. &amp; G. László leg. 20.v.1997 (GB/ZSM); 1 female, Prov. Taitung, Hsiangyang, Police Station, 2330 m, Fabian Gy. &amp; Kovács S. leg., 29.–30.iv.1997, slide. 8160 (GB/ ZSM), München; 1 male, Prov. Nantou, Tungshih 49 km E, 2490 m, 24°19’ N, 121°03’E, Csóvári T. &amp; Stéger P. leg., 21.vi.1997 (GB/ZSM); 1 male, Prov Nantou, Tili 3 km E, 23°47’ N, 120°58’E, Csóvári T. &amp; Stéger P. leg., 31.iii.1996 (GB/ZSM); 2 males, Prov. Hualien, Tienchih 10 km NE, 2100 m, 24°01’N, 121°32’E, Hreblay M. &amp; Stéger P. leg. 23.v.1995 (GB/ZSM); 2 males, Prov. Nantou, Ursun Forest, 560 m, 16 km E Kuohsing, 24°03’ N, 121°46’E, Csóvari T. &amp; Mikus L. leg., 20.–21.vii.1996 (GB/ZSM); 1 male, Prov. Nantou, Puli, 12–25 km north, 500 m, Taroko National-Park, (Huisun forest) 24°00’N, 120°57’E, Csorba &amp; Ronkay, leg., 12.–13.iv.1997 (GR); 1 male, Prov. Nantou, Hohuanshan Mts., 2750 m, road No. 14, 24 °07’ N, 121°11’E, Kun A. &amp; E Juhász leg., 8.viii.1999, slide 12093 male GB (GR); 1 male, Prov. Nantou, Hohuanshan Huisun Forest area, 500 m, 15 km N Pull, 12–13.iv.1997, Csorba &amp; Ronkay leg. (HNHM); 1 female, Prov Nantou, Tayuling, 2750 m, 28.vi.1997, Kovacs T. S. leg., slide No BB 39 female, B. Benedek, 2001 (HNHM). This and next taxa comprise a group of closely related species, characterised by dull grey forewing colour and thin, reduced wing pattern and details of structure of male and female genitalia. In male genitalia tegumen with large lateral ear-like subuncal lobes and straight latero-apically directed harpe, extending plate of valva; vesica with large basal cornutus and two smaller apical ones; in female genitalia ductus very short, sterigma strongly sclerotised. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis. Adult (Figs 5–8).Wingspan 42–45 (male) to 44–46 mm (female). Ground colour of forewing ash grey, wing pattern formed by thin diffused dentate lines with whitish bordering; orbicular as blackish spot, reniform small, greyish surrounded by whitish triangular spot from inner side; medial shadow close to or joined with antemedial line; hindwing pale grey, with diffused blackish medial and subterminal bands; cilia whitish and dark greyish, speckled. Male genitalia (Fig. 30). Uncus short, curved, subuncus tongue-like; tegumen with large, pointed and slightly curved subuncal lobes; juxta shield-like; valva relatively short, with massive sacculus and short massive harpe directed ventro-apically; aedeagus with short sack-like vesica armed with huge basal cornutus and two small apical cornuti. Female genitalia. (Fig. 38). Papillae anales rather broad, quadrangular; apophyses anteriores and posteriores almost equal in length; VIII segment broad, heavily sclerotised; ductus bursae short, sclerotised, with large rounded heavily sclerotised sterigma; corpus bursae relatively short, sack-like.</p>
            <p> Distribution. The species is known only from Taiwan Isl. (Provinces Hualien, Nantou, Rantaizan, Taichung, Taitung, Taroko National-Park). It occurs in mixed and coniferous forests at elevation 500–2500 m. Adult in March, April, May, June, July, September. Larvae feed on coniferous trees  Picea jesoensis (Pinaceae) (Hampson 1913). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687BDFFECFFABFF3FFEBBFF21FAE4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Behounek, G.;Han, H. L.;Kononenko, V. S.	Behounek, G., Han, H. L., Kononenko, V. S. (2013): Revision of the Old World genera Panthea Hübner, [1820] 1816 and Pantheana Hreblay, 1998 with description two new species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Pantheinae). Revision of Pantheinae, contribution IX. Zootaxa 3746 (3): 422-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.2
03E687BDFFEAFFAAFF3FFAA8FD24FD25.text	03E687BDFFEAFFAAFF3FFAA8FD24FD25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panthea fuscogrisea Behounek, Han & Kononenko	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Panthea fuscogrisea Behounek, Han &amp; Kononenko ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 9–12, 31, 39)</p>
            <p> References. Kobayashi 2011, in M. Wang &amp; Y. Kishida (eds): Pl. 65: 2, 3 (  Panthea grisea , misident.). </p>
            <p>Type material. Holotype: male, China, border Jiangxi-Fujian, Prof. Jiangxi, Lichuan, Yangjialing, 1600 m, local collector, v.2001, slide 8253 male, (GB/ZSM). The holotype deposited in the collection of Gottfried Behounek, later in ZSM, Munich. Paratypes: 1 male, same data, slide GB 12158 male (AB); 1 male, Prov. Guangdong, Ruvian, Nanling national, park, 7–9.v.2011, H.L. Han leg., genitalia slide HHL-2607-1 (NEFU); 1 male, 1 females, Prov. Guangdong, Nanling nat. park, 18.v.2009, Wang leg., genitalia slide HHL-2607- 1male, hhl- 2607- 2 female, (SCAU, Guangzhou).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The new species is close to  P. grisea , but differs by somewhat fuscous-grey colour of forewing, less distinct wing pattern and details of male genitalia, namely by structure of uncus, subuncus and subuncal lobes of tegumen and structure and armature of vesica. Female genitalia of the new species differ from  P. grisea by narrower papillae anales, narrower, but longer, sterigma and narrower and longer sack-like shape of corpus bursae. </p>
            <p> Description. Adult (Figs 9–12). Wingspan 42–44 (male) to 52 mm (female). Head and thorax covered with blackish grey hair-like scales. Antennae of male bipectinate, those of female simple. Ground colour of forewing from blackish-gray to ash-grey, darker than in  P. grisea ; crosslines less distinct than in  P. grisea . Basal line expressed as blackish streak in costal field; antemedial line dentate, blackish, with whitish bordering inwardly; medial shadow not expressed; postmedial and subterminal lines oblique, parallel, dentate, with whitish bordering outwardly; terminal field fuscous-grey, with darker streaks on veins; cilia speckled, fuscous-grey between veins and whitish opposite veins; orbicular spot hardly expressed, as blackish dot; reniform as blackish vertical streak, surrounded inwardly with small whitish spot. Hindwing whitish-grey, with indistinct diffused discal streak and subterminal band; terminal line thin, dark, cilia speckled. Male genitalia (Fig. 31). Uncus short, straight and more massive comparing with  P. grisea ; subuncus heavily sclerotised, triangular, hook-like up curved apically; subuncal lobes ear-like, narrower basally, extended apically; juxta shield-like; valva with parallel margins, relatively narrow compared with  P. grisea , slightly tipped apically; harpe massive, short, directed latero-apically, extending plate of valva. Aedeagus with short sack like vesica, armed with three cornuti; large basal cornutus dentate, two apical cornuti as flat spines, much larger than in P. g r i s e a. Female genitalia (Fig. 39). Papillae anales quadrangular, narrower comparing with  P. grisea , apophyses anteriores and posteriores short, equal in length, VIII sternite wide, heavily sclerotised; sterigma much smaller than in P. g r i s e a; corpus bursae pyriform, sclerotised in caudal part, longer than in  P. grisea . </p>
            <p> Etymology. The name  fuscogrisea refers to the fuscous-grey ground colour of the forewing. </p>
            <p>Distribution. The species is known from South China (Provinces Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong). Moths fly in May in rich mixed forest. Foodplant is unknown.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687BDFFEAFFAAFF3FFAA8FD24FD25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Behounek, G.;Han, H. L.;Kononenko, V. S.	Behounek, G., Han, H. L., Kononenko, V. S. (2013): Revision of the Old World genera Panthea Hübner, [1820] 1816 and Pantheana Hreblay, 1998 with description two new species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Pantheinae). Revision of Pantheinae, contribution IX. Zootaxa 3746 (3): 422-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.2
03E687BDFFEBFFA8FF3FFCE8FC0DFD18.text	03E687BDFFEBFFA8FF3FFCE8FC0DFD18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panthea florianii Behounek, Han & Kononenko	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Panthea florianii Behounek, Han &amp; Kononenko ,  sp. n.</p>
            <p>(Figs 13–16, 32, 40)</p>
            <p> Type material. Holotype: male, CHINA, Prov. Sichuan, road Songpan to Jiuzhaigou, 2600 m, 33°212'N, 103°742 E,  Florianii A. &amp; A. Saldaitis leg., 3.vii.2010, slide 8146 male (GB/ZSM). The holotype of this species has been barcoded, ID: BC ZSM Lep 65091. The holotype deposited in the collection of Gottfried Behounek, later in ZSM, Munich. Paratypes: 1 female, same data as Holotype:, slide 8150 female (GB/ZSM); 18 males, 3 females, Prov. Sichuan, Minshan Mts., Provincial road 301 (km 99) 5 km South of Jarpo town, 2900 m, 33°212 N, 103°742’E, Della Bruna &amp; A. Floriani. leg., 5–8.vii. 2012 (AF); 1 male, same data, (GB/ZSM); 1 male, Prov. Sichuan, Daxue Shan Mts., Gongga Shan, NW Moxi, 2850 m, 29°41’N, 101°58’E, Sinyaev V. &amp; Plutenko A. leg. 19.vii.1999 (GR); 1 male, Prov. Shaanxi, Taibai Shan, Qin Ling Mts., Jialing Jiang Yuan Tou, 1850 m, 34°13’25’’N, 106°59’18’’E, Della Bruna C. leg. 6.vii.2008, slide 12083 GB (AF); 1 male, Prov. Shaanxi, Taibai Shan, Sinling Mts., Houzhenzi, 1600 m, 33°883’N, 107°816’E, local collector leg., vii. 2001, slide GB 12158 male (AB); 1 male, China –Shaanxi, Tabai Shan, 33 53N, 107 49 E, v.1999, 1500–1800 m, Synyaev &amp; Plutenko leg.; 1 female, same data, Houzhenzi vill., Summit, 1900 m, vi.1999, Vy Su In leg. (both coll. Nekrasov, ZISP). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. The new species is close to P. g r i s e a and  P. fuscogrisea , but differs by more distinct and contrasting wing pattern with more developed white elements and darker black elements of maculation. It somewhat resembles dark specimens of  P. coenobita , but well differs from this species by greyish ground colour. In male genitalia it differs from all mentioned species by short tongue-like uncus and subuncus; by shape of harpe, which is slightly curved and not extending valva and by vesica armed with three flattened cornuti of approximately equal size. Female differs by large folded sterigma. </p>
            <p> Description. Adult (Figs 13–16). Wingspan 40–45 (male) to 52 mm (female). Head and thorax covered with dark grey blackish grey hair-like scales, patagia and tegulae bordered with black. Antennae of male bipectinate, those of female simple. Ground colour of forewing from blackish-gray to ash-grey, darker than in  P. grisea ; basal line expresses as blackish streak bordered with white bordering in costal field; antemedial line dentate, blackish, with whitish bordering inwardly; medial shadow as diffused blackish suffusion in medial field; postmedial and subterminal lines oblique, parallel, dentate, formed by whitish bordering outwardly or by blackish line with whitish bordering; subterminal and terminal fields fuscous-grey, paler than medial field, with dark streaks on veins; cilia speckled, blackish-grey between veins and whitish opposite veins; orbicular spot expressed, as black dot or streak, surrounded with whitish; reniform as blackish vertical streak, surrounded inwardly with whitish triangular spot. Hindwing whitish-grey with yellowish tint, with diffused discal streak and wide diffused medial and subterminal bands; terminal line thin, dark, broken, cilia speckled. Male genitalia (Fig. 32). Uncus short, broad, somewhat constricted apically; subuncus tongue-like; subuncal lobes ear-like, broad; juxta shield-like; valva with parallel margins, slightly tipped apically; harpe massive, short, upcurved, directed dorsally, not extending plate of valva. </p>
            <p>Aedeagus with short sack-like vesica, armed with three large flattened cornuti; basal cornutus somewhat larger than two apical ones. Female genitalia (Fig. 40). Papillae anales quadrangular, rather broad, apophyses anteriores short, broad; apophyses posteriors not expressed; VIII sternit broad, heavily sclerotised; sterigma very large, folded; corpus bursae pyriform, sack-like, membranous.</p>
            <p>Etymology. Dedicated to Alessandro Floriani, who presented material from his collection for description.</p>
            <p>Distribution. South East and Central China (Provinces Sichuan and Shaanxi). The species was collected in June and July in the mountain areas at elevation 1900–2900 m, in dense, humid, mixed coniferous-deciduous woodlands.</p>
            <p> Panthea roberti deJoannis, 1928 (Figs 17–22, 26, 33–35, 41) </p>
            <p> Panthea roberti Joannis, 1928 , Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 97: 360, Pl. 2: 16. Type-locality: Vietnam, Tonkin, Hoang-pu-shi, Lectotype (published herein): male, MNHN, Paris. </p>
            <p> Diphthera hoenei Draudt, 1950 syn. n. Mitteilungen der Münchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 40(1): 4, Pl. 1: 2. Type locality: China, Yunnan, Li-kiang [Lijiang]. Lectotype (designated here): male, ZFMK, Bonn. </p>
            <p> References: Chen, 1999: 65, Pl.1: 18, missident. as  hoenei : 65, Pl.1: 19, missident. as  grisea (Panthea) ; Chen, Wang &amp; Lin, 1991: 35, Pl.1: 3, missident. as  hoenei (Panthea) ; Poole R. W., 1989: 765 (  Panthea ); Speidel &amp; Kononenko 1998: 548 (  Panthea ). </p>
            <p> Material examined. Types. Lectotype  Panthea roberti Joannis , published herein: male, [Vietnam,] Tonkin, White label; Hoang-pu-shi // white label;  Panthea near  furcilla Pack ., [det] Tams // white label;  Diphthera roberti male type, J. Joannis // white label:  Panthea roberti Joan, Ann.Soc. ent. France, 1928, 97,p.360, (P. Viette, V 1951) / / red label: Lectotype // MNHN EL No. 1194 // white label: 1920. 1932, coll. L. &amp; J. De Joannis, Museum Paris // MNHN, Paris (designated by Viette, 1951, but not published). Paralectotypes: 2 males, same data (MNHN, Paris). Lectotype of  Diphthera hoenei Draudt (designated herein): male, indicated as " Holotype " by Draudt: "Likiang, Prov. Nord Yuennan [Yunnan] 2000 m ", 6.viii.1935 (H. Höne). Paralectotypes: 4 males with same data: 9.vii, 2.viii, 12.viii.1934 (ZFMK, Bonn). Other material examined. CHINA: 1 male, 1 female, Prov. Yunnan, Wumengshan, 2200 m, 20 km N Baoshan, 26°28’N, 104°27’E, Siniaev V. leg., 20.iv.–5.v.2004, slides 8161 male, 8162 female (GB/ZSM); 1 male, 1 female Prov. Yunnan, Wumengshan, 2200 m, 20 km N Baoshan, 26°28’N, 104°27’E, Sinyaev V. &amp; Team, leg., 20.iv.–5.v. 2004 (HNHM); 1 male, Prov. Yunnan, Distr. Simao, Mangxi Ba-Mts., Simao City, 18 km S., 1280 m, 22°28’N, 01°01’E, Brechlin R. leg., 26.ii.–20.iii.1999 (GR); 1 male, Prov. Sichuan, Daxue Shan Mts., Daxue Shan, NW Moxi, 2850 m, 29°41’N, 101°58’E, Sinyaev V. &amp; Plutenko A. leg., 14.–19.vii.1999 (GR); 1 female, Prov. Sichuan, Daxue Shan Mts., Mianning 40 km NW, 2750 m, 28°34’N, 102°00’E, Sinyaev V. &amp; Plutenko A. leg., 7.–8.vii.1999 (GR); 5 males: Prov. Yunnan LJ, Mt. Yulong, 7–9.vii.2012, H.L. Han, C. Zhang leg.; Prov. Yunnan, Pur, Simao, 15–19.vii.2009, Han H.L., M.J. Qi leg. (NEFU); Prov. Yunnan, Simao, Beshan 21.vii.2012, Han H.L., Jin X.X., Geng H. leg. (NEFU); 6 males: 2 females, Yunnan Xgll, Annan, 13.vii.2012 H.L. Han, C. Zhang leg (NEFU); 3 females, Yunnan LJ, Mt. Yulong, 7–9.vii.2012 H.L. Han, C. Zhang leg (NEFU); 1 female, Yunnan Lijiang, Wanlong, 10–13.vii.2009, H.L. Han, M.J. Qi leg, (NEFU). VIETNAM: 1 male, No: 765, Mahunka &amp; Oláh leg., slide 12094m GB. (GR); THAILAND: 1 male, Prov. Bangkok, Khao Yai Nationalpark, Saraburi, Mt. Khao Kaeo, 1244 m, 101°55’E, 14°08’N, Cerny K. leg., 2.–3.iii.2005, slide 8163 male (GB/ZSM); 2 males, 1 female, Prov. Chiang Mai, Doi Phahompok, Fang, 1400–1600 m, 20°03’N, 99°09’E, Peregovits L. &amp; M. Földvari leg. 22.–23.xi.2003, slide 12092 male GB (HNHM). </p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Adult (Figs 17–22, 26). Wingspan 42–46 (male) to 55 mm (female).  P. roberti differs from other Old World species by dark grey background of forewing and wing pattern formed by four black distinct crosslines outlined with whitish suffusion; the medial shadow distinct and not diffused as in other species. Externally this species resembles some New World species (i.e.  P. furcula australis and  P. virginarius ), but differs well from them by male and female genitalia structures. Southern populations of P. ro b e r t i from Vietnam and North Thailand tend to be lighter gray, having more contrast wing pattern, females usually less contrasting. Male genitalia (Figs 33– 35). Uncus short, stick-like, subscaphium wide, constricted medially; tegumen with rounded ear-like subuncal lobes; juxta shield-like; valva relatively short, narrower basally, extended mesially, with parallel margins; harpe massive, short finger-like, extending apical margin of valva. Aedeagus short, with bulbous vesica armed with two broad cornuti on wide base. Female genitalia (Fig. 41). Papillae anales quadrangular, broad, moderate, apophyses anteriores short; apophyses posteriores not expressed; VIII sternite broad, heavily sclerotised; sterigma moderate in size, rounded; corpus bursae elongate sack-like, membranous. </p>
            <p>Distribution. The species is known from Southwest China (Aut.Reg. Xizang [Tibet], Prov. Sichuan, Prov. Yunnan), North Vietnam: (Prov. Tonkin, Hoang-pu-shi), North Thailand (Prov. Chiang Mai, Prov. Bangkok). Moths fly in mixed and coniferous forests at elevation 1500-2250 m in February–May, July and in November. Larva and hostplants unknown.</p>
            <p> Notes. The identity of this species and its conspecifity with  Diphthera hoenei has been established by comparing the syntypes of  Panthea roberti (preserved in MNHN, Paris) with syntypes of  Diphthera hoenei (ZFMK, Bonn). The lectotype of  P. roberti has been designated in the collection of MNHN by Viette in 1951, but not published yet. Herewith we publish the data on lectotype of  P. roberti . The syntypes of  Diphthera hoenei are preserved in ZFMK, Bonn. Herewith we designate and publish the lectotype of  Panthea hoenei . In the original description of  Diphthera hoenei (Draudt, 1950: 4, Pl. 1, Fig. 2) the type material was referred to as "Wenige Stücke von Li-kiang [several specimens from Lijiang], 30.vii–1.ix.34 ", but the holotype was not fixed. Later, after publication of the description, the holo- and paratypes were indicated in the collection by Draudt. Although the year of collecting of the “ Holotype ” marked by Draudt does not correspond to data in original description we followed Draudt's indication of the " Holotype " for selection of the lectotype. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687BDFFEBFFA8FF3FFCE8FC0DFD18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Behounek, G.;Han, H. L.;Kononenko, V. S.	Behounek, G., Han, H. L., Kononenko, V. S. (2013): Revision of the Old World genera Panthea Hübner, [1820] 1816 and Pantheana Hreblay, 1998 with description two new species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Pantheinae). Revision of Pantheinae, contribution IX. Zootaxa 3746 (3): 422-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.2
03E687BDFFE6FFA7FF3FFF60FD10FCD9.text	03E687BDFFE6FFA7FF3FFF60FD10FCD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Panthea yangzisherpana Hreblay 1998	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pantheana  yangzisherpana Hreblay, 1998</p>
            <p>(Figs 23, 24, 27, 28, 36, 42)</p>
            <p>Facetta, 16(2): 7. Type locality: E Nepal, Deorali Danda, Tseram, 3900 m. Holotype: male, coll. Hreblay, HNHM, Budapest.</p>
            <p>Material examined. Holotype: NEPAL: male, Deorali Danda, Tseram, 3900 m, HNHM, Budapest. Other material examined: 1 male, 27°48’N 86°44’E, Sagarmatha National Park, Syanboche, 3800 m, 18.v.1996, Exp. A. Albrecht, O. Bistrom, K. Mikkola &amp; A. Wikberg, coll. FMHN (former ZMHU); 1 male, 1 female, Nepal, Khumbu Khumdzung, 3900 m, 25.vi, 12.vii.1962. G. Ebert u. H. Falkner, Coll ZSM; female genitalia slide ZSM N 4153 GB (ZSM).</p>
            <p> Diagnosis. Adult (Figs 23, 24, 27, 28). Wingspan 42–45 mm.  P. yangzisherpana resembles  Panthea species by habitus. Forewing background pale ash-grey with suffusion of blackish scales. Antemedial line waved, black, medial shadow distinct or diffused, black; postmedial line black outlined with whitish; subterminal line dentate, diffused, outlined with whitish suffusion; orbicular and reniform as black spot; subterminal field paler than medial; terminal line as row of black spots between veins; apex of wing with whitish subapical mark. Hindwing yellow in basal three fourth, whitish in terminal part, with black discal spot, black subterminal marks and line of black terminal spots. Male genitalia and female genitalia as described for the genus. </p>
            <p>Distribution. Central Nepal. All known specimens were collected in Picea-Betula forest in June and mid July in upper part of forest belt at elevation 3800–3900 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03E687BDFFE6FFA7FF3FFF60FD10FCD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Behounek, G.;Han, H. L.;Kononenko, V. S.	Behounek, G., Han, H. L., Kononenko, V. S. (2013): Revision of the Old World genera Panthea Hübner, [1820] 1816 and Pantheana Hreblay, 1998 with description two new species from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae: Pantheinae). Revision of Pantheinae, contribution IX. Zootaxa 3746 (3): 422-438, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.2
