identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D987D73460C52347C3E87F5AC6024A.text	03D987D73460C52347C3E87F5AC6024A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afissa Dieke 1947	<div><p>Genus Afissa Dieke, 1947</p><p>Type species. Coccinella flavicollis Thunberg, 1781 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D987D73460C52347C3E87F5AC6024A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Priyanka;Chandra, Kailash;Gupta, Devanshu	Das, Priyanka, Chandra, Kailash, Gupta, Devanshu (2020): Redescription of Afissa gibbera (Crotch, 1874) and Uniparodentata circummaculata (Pang & Mao, 1977) (Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) from India. Zootaxa 4822 (2): 248-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.6
03D987D73460C52647C3E8AC5BFE05F4.text	03D987D73460C52647C3E8AC5BFE05F4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afissa gibbera (Crotch 1874)	<div><p>Afissa gibbera (Crotch, 1874)</p><p>(Figs. 1–10)</p><p>Epilachna gibbera Crotch, 1874: 80 (description); Canepari 1986: 29; Kovář 2007: 627; Poorani 2003: 40.</p><p>Epilachna (Solanophila) gibbera: Korschefsky 1931: 29 .</p><p>Afissa gibbera: Kapur 1963: 10, fig. 1C (female habitus).</p><p>Epilachna gibbera: Jadwiszczak &amp; Węgrzynowicz 2003: 69 .</p><p>Afissa gibbera: Das et al. 2020: 38, fig. 33 (male habitus).</p><p>Type locality. India . Type depository. CUMZ (Jadwiszczak &amp; Węgrzynowicz 2003) .</p><p>Material examined. India: Arunachal Pradesh, Tawang, Camp, Stn. No., 14.xii.1985, 1 male, leg. S.K.B. &amp; ANTJ [NZSI] ; West Bengal, Darjeeling, 2,180 m, vi.1961, 3 males; 1 female, leg. G. Scherer [NZSI] .</p><p>Redescription (male). Length 6.2 mm; width 4.9 mm; TL/EW=1.25; PL/PW=0.47; PL/EL=0.25; PW/EW= 0.58; EL/EW=1.06.</p><p>Body elongate, oval, convex. Dorsum pubescent. Head and mouthparts brown. Mid pronotum black with orange collateral maculae on either side (Fig. 3). Scutellar shield black (Figs. 1, 3).</p><p>Elytron with seven orange spots, arranged as follows: 1, 3, 2, 1; first close to scutellar shield, second near the elytral margin at one-third of its length, two spots joined medially forming circumflex, two next present diagonally at three-fourth of the elytral length, and the last one at the elytral apex (Figs. 1, 2). Ventral side black with abdominal ventrites partially yellow at lateral margins. Last abdominal ventrite entirely yellowish (Fig. 4).</p><p>Head exposed dorsally. Interocular distance broad, more than 4 times as wide as eye diameter (Fig. 3). Ventral and dorsal antennal groves absent. Antennae longer than length of head, consisting of 11 antennomeres, antennomeres 3–8 elongate, three apical antennomeres forming an asymmetrical club. Labrum transverse, weakly emarginate at apex.</p><p>Pronotum transverse, about twice as broad as long, lateral edge smooth, submarginal carina absent, prothoracic hypomeron smooth. Mesoventrite with anterior edge weakly emarginate, with smooth mesoventral process; mesometaventral suture visible, straight. Metaventral postcoxal lines joined on metaventral process forming a straight line, complete laterally and recurved. Scutellar shield triangular, about as broad as long. Elytral punctation fine and coarse mixed, elytral margins invisible from above (Fig. 1). Elytral epipleuron narrow, incomplete at apex, without foveae for receiving tips of femora, borderline of inner margin ceased before the base of elytron.</p><p>Legs long and slender with apices of mid and hind femora extending from outer margin of elytral epipleuron. Coxae simple. Fore and mid trochanters angulate with weak cavities on their inner surfaces for holding tip of tibiae. Mid and hind femora simple along inner edge; mid and hind tibiae without carina on outer edge. Tibial spur formula: 1-2-2. Tarsal claws double, smooth at base.</p><p>Abdomen with six ventrites (Fig. 4). Abdominal postcoxal lines recurved roundly but incomplete, without additional line (Fig. 4). Apical margin of ventrite 5 truncate; ventrite 6 rounded, emarginate (Fig. 5); apodeme of male sternum IX rod-like, thin. Tergite X large, transverse, truncate at apex (Fig. 10).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 7–10). Basal piece devoid of spines, penis guide symmetrical, slightly longer than parameres, very broad, broadening from base to apex, leaf-like, suddenly narrowing at apex to a pointed process, excised (Figs. 7, 8). Parameres well developed, apically simple, covered with hairs (Figs. 7, 8). Penis long, broad, with membranous apical process; penis base with both arms reduced (Fig. 9).</p><p>Sexual dimorphism. Female similar to male except apical margin of ventrite 5 truncate, ventrite 6 arcuate, and female genitalia with coxites triangular, elongate, longer than wide, outer edge free, with one long seta on each stylus (Fig. 6).</p><p>Distribution. India: Arunachal Pradesh (Tawang), Sikkim, West Bengal (Darjeeling; this paper); Nepal (Kapur 1963; Canepari 1986; Miyatake 1967; Das et al. 2020).</p><p>Remarks. Crotch (1874) described this species based on the colour pattern and the number of spots on each elytron without giving the precise location in India. Later Kapur (1963) reported this species from Sikkim, based on a female specimen, but with a concise description. Recently, Das et al. (2020) reported this species from Arunachal Pradesh and provided the habitus of the male. A. gibbera in external appearance, with its black elytra and orange maculae, is similar to A. craspedotricha (Yu, 2004) and A. parvula (Crotch, 1874) (Ren et al. 2009; Tomaszewska &amp; Szawaryn 2016). However, it has four maculae in a row near the elytral suture whereas in A. craspedotricha, and A. parvula there are three. The male genitalia of A. gibbera resembles those of A. microgenitalia (Li, 1961 in Li &amp; Cook 1961) described initially from Taiwan (Li &amp; Cook 1961) and subsequently reported from mainland China (Pang et al. 2012) with its small size compared to the size of the body, stout penis guide about as long as parameres, with pointed apex. However, A. gibbera can be separated from A. microgenitalia by the shape of the penis guide being much broader and widening toward membranous penis apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D987D73460C52647C3E8AC5BFE05F4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Priyanka;Chandra, Kailash;Gupta, Devanshu	Das, Priyanka, Chandra, Kailash, Gupta, Devanshu (2020): Redescription of Afissa gibbera (Crotch, 1874) and Uniparodentata circummaculata (Pang & Mao, 1977) (Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) from India. Zootaxa 4822 (2): 248-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.6
03D987D73465C52647C3E87F5AAD024A.text	03D987D73465C52647C3E87F5AAD024A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uniparodentata Wang & Cao 1993	<div><p>Genus Uniparodentata Wang &amp; Cao, 1993</p><p>Type species. Epilachna paramagna Pang &amp; Mao, 1979 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D987D73465C52647C3E87F5AAD024A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Priyanka;Chandra, Kailash;Gupta, Devanshu	Das, Priyanka, Chandra, Kailash, Gupta, Devanshu (2020): Redescription of Afissa gibbera (Crotch, 1874) and Uniparodentata circummaculata (Pang & Mao, 1977) (Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) from India. Zootaxa 4822 (2): 248-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.6
03D987D73465C52547C3E8AC5A4F07EC.text	03D987D73465C52547C3E8AC5A4F07EC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Uniparodentata circummaculata (Pang & Mao 1977)	<div><p>Uniparodentata circummaculata (Pang &amp; Mao, 1977)</p><p>(Figs. 11–19)</p><p>Epilachna circummaculata Pang &amp; Mao, 1977: 325, figs. 3: 1 (female, holotype), 2 (female genitalia); Ren et al., 2009: 269, figs. 364 a (female, holotype), b (female genitalia).</p><p>Uniparodentata circummaculata: Tomaszewska &amp; Szawaryn, 2016: 43 .</p><p>Type locality. Xizang (Bomi) . Type depository. IZAS (Jadwiszczak &amp; Węgrzynowicz 2003) .</p><p>Material examined. India: Arunachal Pradesh, Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=95.809166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.96445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 95.809166/lat 28.96445)">Mipi</a>, 28°57.867′ N, 95°48.550′ E, 1464m, 31.x.2017, 1 male, leg. Devanshu Gupta [NZSI] .</p><p>Description (male). Length 6.5 mm; width 6.67 mm; TL/EW= 1.97; PL/PW= 0.23; PL/EL= 0.14; PW/EW= 1.06; EL/EW= 1.75.</p><p>Body oval, convex, dorsum pubescent (Fig. 11). Head and mouthparts brown. Pronotum and scutellar shield orange. Elytra black, with two large orange maculae on each elytron, first occupying anterior half of elytron and second occupying posterior half with black narrow, transverse band between them, orange maculae almost reaching elytral margins. Ventral side orange except for metaventrite predominantly black (Figs. 12, 13).</p><p>Head exposed dorsally. Interocular distance broad, more than four times eye diameter. Weak ventral antennal grooves present. Antennae consisting of 11 antennomeres, antennomeres 3–8 elongate, three apical antennomeres forming an asymmetrical club. Labrum transverse, weakly emarginate at apex (Fig. 12).</p><p>Pronotum transverse, four times as broad as its length, lateral edge smooth, submarginal carina absent, prothoracic hypomeron coarsely punctured, prosternal process sub-rectangular with distinct lateral carinae not prolonged to the anterior part of the prosternum. Prosternum in front of coxae narrower than width of prosternal process (Fig. 12).</p><p>Mesoventrite with anterior edge distinctly margined, with distinct emargination for reception of prosternal process, mesoventral process covered with large coarse punctures, about as broad as mid coxa diameter; meso-metaventral suture visible, weakly sinuate. Metaventral postcoxal lines joined on metaventral process, complete laterally and recurved, surface covered with large coarse punctures, discrimen visible. Scutellar shield triangular, about as broad as its length (Fig. 13). Elytra fine and coarsely punctated, elytral margins entirely visible from above. Elytral epipleuron narrow, incomplete at apex, with foveae for receiving tips of femora, inner margin with borderline just fading before base of elytron.</p><p>Legs moderately long and slender with apices of mid and hind femora not extending from outer margin of elytral epipleuron. Coxae with tubercles on their hind surfaces. Trochanters angulate with distinct cavities on their inner surfaces for holding tip of tibiae. Femora grooved for reception of tibiae in repose; mid and hind tibiae with oblique carina on outer edge (Fig. 14). Tibial spur formula: 1-2-2.</p><p>Abdomen with 6 ventrites, ventrite 1 large, about as long as 2–4 combined, covered with large coarse punctures in the area between postcoxal lines, ventrites 2–4 subequal in length, ventrite 5 rounded apically, ventrite 6 emarginate apically. Abdominal postcoxal lines recurved roundly but incomplete, without an additional line (Fig. 15).</p><p>Male genitalia (Figs. 16–19). Basal piece devoid of spines, penis guide symmetrical, slightly longer than half the length of parameres, narrow, subtriangular, forming a pointed tip at apex; outer edge smooth; inner edge without additional process. Parameres well developed, large, broadened apically, simple, covered with long hairs (Figs. 16, 17). Penis capsule with reduced outer arm, inner arm short. Penis long, rod-like, sinuate, with an apical process having a single large spine (Figs. 18, 19).</p><p>Distribution. India: Arunachal Pradesh (Dihang-Dibang Biosphere Reserve) (new record to India). Elsewhere: China (Tibet).</p><p>Remarks. Uniparodentata circummaculata was described by Pang &amp; Mao in 1977, based on a female specimen from Xizang (Bomi). In this paper, the male of this species is described for the first time along with the illustration and description of male genitalia, based on a specimen, collected from Arunachal Pradesh, India. U. circummaculata belongs to a group of species with a similar shape of male genitalia: U. folifera (Pang &amp; Mao, 1979), U. glochisifoliata (Pang &amp; Mao, 1979) and U. siphodenticulata (Hoàng, 1983) . Externally it can be easily distinguished by the elytral pattern with 4 large orange maculae. It can be mistaken with similarly coloured Henosepilachna quadriplagiata Pang &amp; Mao, 1977, but it can be separated by the generic characters. The male genitalia of this species differ from similar species by the penis guide much shorter than parameres (equal in length or longer in others), and penis guide in lateral view subtriangular with straight apex (whereas bent or sinuate at the apex in other closely related species). The penis is similar to U. folifera, but the tip is rounded (not pointed), and terminal spine is regularly elongate (not widened at apical part).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D987D73465C52547C3E8AC5A4F07EC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Das, Priyanka;Chandra, Kailash;Gupta, Devanshu	Das, Priyanka, Chandra, Kailash, Gupta, Devanshu (2020): Redescription of Afissa gibbera (Crotch, 1874) and Uniparodentata circummaculata (Pang & Mao, 1977) (Coccinellidae: Epilachnini) from India. Zootaxa 4822 (2): 248-256, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4822.2.6
