identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03D887EDFF8E2509FF5E7362FCCB58C7.text	03D887EDFF8E2509FF5E7362FCCB58C7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cosmoplatidius bilineatus (Buquet 1841) Botero & Santos-Silva & Bezark 2019	<div><p>Cosmoplatidius bilineatus (Buquet, 1841), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figures 1–7)</p><p>Pteroplatus bilineatus Buquet, 1841b: 154; 1841c: 207; Strauch, 1861: 127; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Aurivillius, 1912: 455 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 47 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.).</p><p>Pteroplatus sellatus White, 1853: 82; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Bates, 1872: 192 (distr.); Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Bates, 1880: 73; 1885: 317 (distr.); Aurivillius, 1912: 455 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist). Syn. nov.</p><p>Cosmoplatidius sellatus; Linsley, 1961b: 4; Chemsak et al., 1980: 32 (distr.); Chemsak, et al., 1992: 78 (checklist); Chemsak &amp; Noguera, 1993: 61 (distr.); Maes et al., 1994: 11 (distr.); Monné, 1994: 47 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 132 (checklist); Noguera &amp; Chemsak, 1996: 402 (checklist); Maes, 1998: 905 (distr.); Turnbow et al., 2003: 17 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 449 (cat.); Napp &amp; Martins, 2006: 478 (syn); Hovore, 2006: 374 (distr.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Swift et al., 2010: 26 (distr.); Maes et al., 2010: 564 (distr.); Monné, 2018: 183 (cat.).</p><p>Cosmoplatidius ochraceus Linsley, 1961b: 5; Monné, 1994: 47 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 132 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 449 (cat.).</p><p>Buquet (1841b) described Pteroplatus bilineatus (Fig. 1) from a single specimen from Colombia. After this, the species was only mentioned in catalogues and checklists, except by Buquet (1841c).</p><p>According to the website of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (https://www.bishopmuseum.org/), the part 2 of the volume 10 of the “Annales de la Société Entomologique de France ” was published in July 1841. Buquet’s paper (1841b) was the last work of that volume. Buquet (1841c) is dated as having been published in June 1841. However, following the reasoning by Dickinson (2011) (see remarks in Pteroplatus), Buquet (1841c) was published in July 1841. Thus, only the day of publication of each work from Buquet will allow us to know if P. bilineatus was published in Buquet (1841b) or Buquet (1841c). Unfortunately, we do not know the exact date of publication of each magazine involved. Accordingly, we are considering P. bilineatus as having been published in Buquet (1841b), following the current citation in catalogues.</p><p>Subsequently, White (1853) described Pteroplatus sellatus based on a single specimen (Fig. 2) from Mexico (Puebla). Linsley (1961b) transferred P. sellatus to Cosmoplatidius Gounelle (1911), and described C. ochraceus based on a single male from Colombia (Cesar). Napp &amp; Martins (2006) considered Cosmoplatidius ochraceus as a junior synonym of C. sellatus .</p><p>Examination of the original description of P. bilineatus, photograph of the holotype (Fig. 1), comparison with a large series of specimens of P. sellatus deposited at MZSP (e.g. Figs. 3–7), and photographs of the holotype of the P. sellatus (Fig. 2), allows us conclude that both belong to the same species. Thus, we transfer Pteroplatus bilineatus to Cosmoplatidius, and synonymize P. sellatus with P. bilineatus .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF8E2509FF5E7362FCCB58C7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF8E250BFF5E7654FF4A5D24.text	03D887EDFF8E250BFF5E7654FF4A5D24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Corynellus arrogans (Buquet 1840) Botero & Santos-Silva & Bezark 2019	<div><p>Corynellus arrogans (Buquet, 1840), comb. nov.</p><p>(Figures 8–9)</p><p>Pteroplatus arrogans Buquet, 1840: 287; 1841a: 290; White, 1853: 82; Strauch, 1861: 127; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Thomson, 1878: 17 (type); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 47 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 132 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.).</p><p>Dimensions. According to Buquet (1840), the length is equal to 16 mm, and the width is equal to 8 mm at its widest area.</p><p>Distribution. Pteroplatus arrogans remains known only by the holotype from Colombia. According to Buquet (1840), the specimen is from Bogotá (Colombia). However, there is no information of a detailed place in Colombia on the original labels (Fig. 9), and the information in Buquet (1841a) is reported as only Colombia.</p><p>Type. Holotype, unknown gender, deposited at MNHN.</p><p>Remarks. Although we did not examine specimens of this species, the original description and photographs of the holotype allow us to exclude it from Pteroplatus . This exclusion is especially noted by the absence of a dense tuft of setae on antennomeres III–VI (present in Pteroplatus), and also by the presence of erect setae on antennomeres VII–XI (absent in Pteroplatus), and antennomere V being distinctly longer than VI (at most, as long as VI in Pteroplatus). Based on these features, the species is provisionally transferred to Corynellus Bates, 1885 . However, it may belong to a new genus, a possibility that may or may not be confirmed after examining specimens of this species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF8E250BFF5E7654FF4A5D24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF8C250CFF5E727CFC365FAA.text	03D887EDFF8C250CFF5E727CFC365FAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroplatus Buquet 1840	<div><p>Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840</p><p>Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840: 287; 1841a: 285; Drapiez, 1844: 227; Guérin-Méneville, 1844: 233; Blanchard, 1845: 146; Chevrolat, 1847: 615; Desmarest, 1860: 311; Strauch, 1861: 127; Thomson, 1861: 255; 1864: 257; 1865: 458; Lacordaire, 1869: 164; Bates, 1870: 428; Desmarest, 1870: 311; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Bates, 1880: 72; Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Linsley, 1959: 127; Linsley, 1961a: 632; 1961b: 9; Zajciw, 1963: 64; Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 132 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 47 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 450 (cat.); Napp &amp; Martins, 2006: 68; Swift, 2008: 5; Monné, 2012: 45; 2018: 670 (cat.).</p><p>Type species: Pteroplatus pulcher Buquet, 1840 (Thomson designation, 1864: 258).</p><p>Redescription. Frons transverse, at least partially pubescent. Mandibles short. Eyes finely faceted; upper eye lobes narrow; lower eye lobes gradually widened toward genal area, nearly tear drop-shaped. Genae slightly shorter than greatest width of lower eye lobe. Antennae 11-segmented, reaching about posterior fifth of elytra in male, about posterior third in female; antennomeres III–VI with tuft of long setae ventrally; antennomere V at most as long as VI, usually shorter; antennomeres III–V/VI distinctly widened toward apex; antennomeres VI/VII–XI cylindrical or slightly widened toward apex (except XI). Prothorax slightly transverse; sides from uniformly rounded to somewhat rounded or obtusely tuberculate about center; anterior area usually narrower than posterior one. Prosternum with sexually dimorphic punctation: coarser in male than in female. Elytra flattened dorsally; with two distinct carinae, humeral one almost reaching elytral apex, innermost at most reaching posterior quarter; sides slightly or strongly widened from basal quarter or midlength; apex uniformly rounded; sutural angle unarmed (at most slightly projected). Femora pedunculate-clavate. Metatarsomere I about as long as II–III together.</p><p>Remarks. Dickinson (2011) found evidence to question the date of publication of the issues of the “Revue Zoologique.” According to him: “It is recommended that every issue be dated the month following the specified date (apart from the exceptions mentioned above, and any others found where evidence demonstrates a publication date that does not fit the policy).” This does not affect the year of publication of the work by Buquet in the Revue Zoologique, where Pteroplatus and its species are described.</p><p>According to the website of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (https://www.bishopmuseum.org/), part 4 of volume 9 of the “Annales de la Société Entomologique de France ” (ASEF) was published on 5 May 1841. Also, according to this website: “Unless otherwise specified, dating below from 1832–1860 derives from manuscript notes of C.D. Sherborn, which are held in the Palaeontology Library of the Natural History Museum, London.” Additionally, the remarks on this part contain the following information: “see Vol. 10: lvi.” Apparently, it would be the volume 10 of the ASEF. However, there is no information on this page about the publication dates for Volume 9. Nevertheless, the following information is present on page “vi” (meeting of 3 Mars 1841) (translated): “… on the other hand, the Society remains burdened with a debt of 1,750 francs, and, moreover, it has to provide for the printing of its Annals for the third and fourth quarters of 1840.” This statement makes it unquestionable that the last two parts of Volume 9 were not published in 1840. Thus, although we were not able to confirm the exact date (5 May 1841), the part of the work where Buquet wrote on Pteroplatus was not published in 1840. The volume 9 of the “Annales de la Société Entomologique de France ” has incorrect page numbering after page 254. Page 255 is numbered as being 355, and all subsequent pages follow this incorrect numbering. Accordingly, the number of the pages of the work by Buquet (1841a) is 285–291, and not 385–391.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF8C250CFF5E727CFC365FAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF8B250CFF5E70F6FA265A2D.text	03D887EDFF8B250CFF5E70F6FA265A2D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroplatus Buquet 1840	<div><p>Key to species of Pteroplatus</p><p>1. Posterior area of the elytra without small gibbosities......................................................... 2</p><p>- Posterior area of the elytra with small, subcircular gibbosities.................................................. 6</p><p>2(1). Elytra reticulated (Figs. 10, 14, 15, 17). Bolivia ........................................... P. anchora Belon, 1903</p><p>- Elytra not reticulated.................................................................................. 3</p><p>3(2). Antennomeres III–V with long tufts of setae ventrally, and antennomere VI with a long tuft along entire ventral surface (Figs. 18–30). Mexico (Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua ....... P. quadriscopulatus Bates, 1880</p><p>- Tuft of setae on ventral side of the antennomeres III–V moderately short, and antennomere VI with ventral tuft covering or not the entire ventral surface (Figs. 31, 40, 68, 86).............................................................. 4</p><p>4(3). Antennomere VII slightly longer than IV (Figs. 31–39). Colombia (Cesar), Ecuador (Loja)........... P. luculentus sp. nov.</p><p>- Antennomere VII distinctly longer than IV (Figs. 40, 68, 86)................................................... 5</p><p>5(4). Elytra distinctly pubescent (Figs. 40–42). Colombia (Magdalena), Venezuela .................... P. variabilis Sallé, 1850</p><p>- Elytra not pubescent, with decumbent setae very sparse (Figs. 43–47). Peru ......... P. pallidicolor Martins &amp; Galileo, 2013</p><p>6(1). Small gibbosities of the elytra covering entire posterior half and, usually, following laterally toward anterior third or quarter (Figs. 48–70). Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander, Putumayo), and Ecuador (Loja, Napo).............................................................................................. P. pulcher Buquet, 1840</p><p>- Small gibbosities of the elytra covering, at most, the posterior third of the elytra (Figs. 71–96). Colombia (Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Quindío, Santander), Peru (Junín)............................................... P. gracilis Buquet, 1840</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF8B250CFF5E70F6FA265A2D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF8A250FFF5E71B2FB4558DD.text	03D887EDFF8A250FFF5E71B2FB4558DD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroplatus anchora Belon 1903	<div><p>Pteroplatus anchora Belon, 1903</p><p>(Figures 10–17)</p><p>Pteroplatus anchora Belon, 1903: 52; Tippmann, 1960: 138; Monné, 1994: 47 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 132 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Wappes et al., 2006: 20 (distr.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Lingafelter et al., 2017: 110; Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.). Pteroplatus ancora; Aurivillius, 1912: 455 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist) (misspelling). Pteroplatus anchora ab. parvodelineatus Tippmann, 1960: 139; Lingafelter et al., 2014: 351. Pteroplatus anchora ab. latesuturalis Tippmann, 1960: 140; Lingafelter et al., 2014: 351. Pteroplatus anchora ab. zischkai Tippmann, 1960: 140; Lingafelter et al., 2014: 351. Pteroplatus anchora ab. medioelargatosignatus Tippmann, 1960: 140; Lingafelter et al., 2014: 351. Pteroplatus anchora ab. latefasciatus Tippmann, 1960: 140; Lingafelter et al., 2014: 351. Pteroplatus anchora ab. fereniger Tippmann, 1960: 140; Lingafelter et al., 2014: 351.</p><p>Redescription. Male. Head black dorsally, dark-brown ventrally, with violaceous reflections, especially dorsally; mouthparts reddish-brown, except dark brown mandibles. Scape, pedicel and antennomeres III–VI dark brown with violaceous reflections; remaining antennomeres brown. Pronotum yellowish-brown, with wide V-shaped black band centrally, from posterior to anterior margin. Sides of prothorax blackish with slightly violaceous reflections. Prosternum dark brown with slightly violaceous reflections, except transverse yellowish-brown band on each side of anterior quarter. Ventral side of meso- and metathorax and abdomen blackish with violaceous reflections. Scutellum blackish. Elytra mostly yellowish-brown, more brownish inside parts of reticules, except blackish band along suture, with slightly violaceous reflections, from base to near midlength, dark brown band on inclined area of basal third (with slightly violaceous reflections), and blackish distal fifth (with slightly violaceous reflections). Legs brown with slightly violaceous reflections (more distinct on tibiae).</p><p>Head. Frons with moderately elevated central plate, carina-shaped toward vertex, distinctly widened toward clypeus, nearly rounded anteriorly; transversely depressed on each side of central plate (more distinctly toward side); finely, abundantly punctate except smooth tumid area of central plate, and moderately sparse punctures on remaining surface of central plate; with short, erect, sparse brownish setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes narrowly carinate centrally (this carina following posterior area of central plate, and following toward area near prothoracic margin); finely, densely micropunctate interspersed with fine punctures except shining central carina with sparse, fine punctures; with short, decumbent and erect brownish setae, denser laterally, except glabrous central carina. Remaining surface of vertex densely micropunctate interspersed with fine punctures (punctures slightly coarser than on area between antennal tubercles and eyes); with minute, sparse, decumbent yellowish-brown setae. Area behind upper eye lobes with sculpturing and setae as on vertex; area behind lower eye lobes smooth close to upper eye lobes, with fine, sparse punctures close to eye toward ventral side, smooth on remaining surface; with long, erect brownish setae emerging from punctures close to eye, glabrous on remaining surface. Antennal tubercles with sculpturing as on frons except smooth distal area; with brownish setae more abundant than on frons except glabrous smooth area. Postclypeus finely, densely punctate on wide central area, smooth laterally; with both, short and long, moderately sparse brownish setae. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior third, inclined at anterior 2/3; with short, erect yellowish-brown setae interspersed with long, erect, thicker brownish setae laterally. Genae densely finely punctate close to eye, smooth toward apex; with short, decumbent, sparse yellowish-brown setae on punctate area, glabrous on smooth area. Gulamentum nearly smooth, glabrous close to prothorax, somewhat depressed, striate-punctate, with both, short and long, erect, moderately sparse yellowish-brown setae on wide anterior area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.67 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.12 times length of scape. Antennae (only one specimen measured) 1.1 times elytral length, reaching posterior fifth of elytra. Antennomeres III–V with tuft of moderately short setae on posterior half; antennomere VI with tuft of long setae on posterior 3/4. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.40; pedicel = 0.38; IV = 1.03; V = 1.33; VI = 1.50; VII = 1.47; VIII = 1.23; IX = 1.13; X = 1.00; XI = 1.37.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax widened in central area of sides; anterior margin narrower than posterior margin. Pronotum with large, sub-circular gibbosity on each side of posterior half; with narrow, slightly elevated carina centrally, not reaching anterior or posterior margins; transversely, widely depressed on anterior half; nearly smooth between V-shaped black band, finely, moderately abundantly punctate on V-shaped band, moderately sparsely punctate laterally; with short, decumbent, sparse yellowish setae (brownish on V-shaped band), interspersed with long, erect, sparse dark setae. Sides of prothorax densely micropunctate, interspersed with fine punctures anteriorly; with moderately long yellowish setae anteriorly, glabrous posteriorly. Prosternum with long, erect, moderately abundant pale yellow setae. Ventral surface of mesothorax with short, decumbent yellowish setae. Metanepisternum with abundant, decumbent yellowish setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Metaventrite with setae as on metanepisternum laterally, sparser centrally. Scutellum with short, decumbent, sparse brownish setae. Elytra. Slightly widened from midlength; entirely reticulate between outermost carina and suture; moderately coarsely, shallowly, abundant punctate; with short, erect, moderately abundant pale yellow setae except darker setae on dark areas. Legs. Femora finely, densely punctate except sparsely punctate basal half of profemora; with short, decumbent yellowish-brown setae interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae. Tibiae densely finely punctate; with decumbent brownish setae interspersed with long, erect dark setae.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with decumbent, moderately abundant yellowish-brown setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color; apex of ventrite V slightly rounded.</p><p>Variation. Head entirely dark brown or violaceous; scape, pedicel and antennomeres III–VI violaceous; antennomeres VI–XI dark brown; parts of pronotum with slightly violaceous reflections; pronotum mostly black except four distinct violaceous areas, one on each side of posterior half, one centrally on posterior half, one on anterior quarter, expanded along anterior margin, and elongate yellowish-brown on center of anterior half; prosternum entirely dark brown, with violaceous reflections; scutellum violaceous; blackish band along elytral suture distinctly surpassing midlength; elytral macula on distal fifth violaceous; elytra almost entirely violaceous on anterior half (more blackish inside of reticules), except yellowish-brown area band starting at humerus, narrowed toward its apex, violaceous on posterior quarter (more blackish inside of reticules), and violaceous band along suture, from anterior to posterior violaceous areas; legs nearly entirely violaceous; erect setae on frons more abundant, especially longer setae; central carina on dorsal surface of head not surpassing posterior margin of upper eye lobes or reaching prothoracic margin; vertex with fine, transverse, sparse wrinkles near posterior margin of eyes; pronotum moderately abundantly punctate between V-shaped black band, especially posteriorly, and more abundantly punctate laterally toward posterior margin; short and decumbent setae on pronotum dark and slightly conspicuous, and long setae more abundant, especially laterally; sides of prothorax with both, yellowish and dark setae anteriorly; setae on ventral surface of meso- and metathorax darkened.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), 3 males. Total length, 10.25–12.15; prothoracic length, 1.70–2.00; anterior prothoracic width, 1.60–1.70; posterior prothoracic width, 1.75–1.95; maximum prothoracic width, 2.05–2.30; humeral width, 2.75–3.10; elytral length, 8.00–8.95. According to Belon (1903), the length of the holotype is 7.5 mm.</p><p>Material examined. BOLIVIA, Cochabamba: 2 males, 1889, P. Germain col. (DZUP, former R. Oberthür collection); La Paz (new department record): Yungas de Totora (Sehuencas; 2,100 m) , 1 male, 20.III.1957, Zischka col. (MZSP) .</p><p>Distribution. Pteroplatus anchora is known only from Bolivia, in the departments of Cochabamba, Santa Cruz, and La Paz.</p><p>Type. Holotype from Bolivia (Cochabamba), deposited at MNHN.</p><p>Remarks. The species was described based on a single specimen. According to Belon (1903) it is, probably, a male. While it is not possible to be sure by examining the photograph of the holotype, we also believe it is a male. Belon (1903) also reported (translated): “Mr. René Oberthür, to whom I have communicated my unique specimen, has been kind enough to inform me that he has in his collection a good series of the Bolivian species, and that he notes a great variability of the drawings, the elytra being sometimes almost completely invaded by the black color. In this case, the characteristic feature of P. anchora disappears. However, the species remains distinct; but, in order to discern it from its congeners, we must then resort to the minute details of the sculpture mentioned in the respective diagnoses.” It is not possible to know if all specimens in the former Oberthür collection (currently, housed at MNHN) belong to the same species. Based on the specimens examined by us, which exhibit great color variation (as well as the aberrations described by Tippmann (1960)), they are probably all of the same species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF8A250FFF5E71B2FB4558DD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF882504FF5E766FFB575FAA.text	03D887EDFF882504FF5E766FFB575FAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroplatus quadriscopulatus Bates 1880	<div><p>Pteroplatus quadriscopulatus Bates, 1880</p><p>(Figures 18–30)</p><p>Pteroplatus quadriscopulatus Bates, 1880: 73; Lameere, 1883: 44 (cat.); Bates, 1885: 317 (distr.); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Linsley, 1961a: 632; 1961b: 9; Chemsak, 1967: 79 (lect.); Chemsak et al., 1992: 78 (checklist); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 48 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Noguera &amp; Chemsak, 1996:</p><p>402 (checklist); Turnbow et al., 2003: 17 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 452 (cat.); Hovore, 2006: 374 (distr.); Maes et al., 2010: 560 (distr.); García-Morales et al., 2014: 105 (distr.); Monné, 2018: 672 (cat.).</p><p>Redescription. Male. Head black dorsally and laterally except large yellowish brown macula on each side of vertex, covering nearly all the area behind upper eye lobes, and entire clypeus, labrum and genae; large central area of gulamentum dark brown anteriorly, gradually lighter toward prothorax, yellowish-brown laterally (more brownish toward prothorax). Mandibles yellowish-brown except black inferior margin and distal area. Maxillary and labial palpomeres reddish-brown except dark brown distal palpomere. Antennae black. Pronotum mostly yellowishbrown, with large, longitudinal black band centrally from base to apex, slightly narrowed from middle to posterior margin, and narrow black area laterally. Sides of prothorax black. Prosternum mostly yellowish-brown, with sides narrowly black (this dark area projected, gradually lighter, along sides of anterior margin and close to procoxal cavities); prosternal process yellowish-brown. Ventral surface of mesothorax mostly black, with mesoventral process yellowish-brown. Ventral surface of metathorax mostly black, with anterocentral area yellowish-brown. Scutellum black. Elytra mostly yellowish-brown, with large, transverse, nearly rhomboid black macula dorsally before midlength, black on posterior third. Pro- and mesocoxae mostly brownish, with area close to trochanter more yellowish; metacoxae mostly reddish-brown; femora, tibiae and tarsi black.Abdominal ventrites black except yellowish-brown intercoxal process.</p><p>Head. Frons with narrow, transverse, slightly elevated central plate close to clypeus; slightly depressed on each side of central area; finely, abundantly punctate except nearly smooth central plate; with short, decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect black setae. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes with narrow, slightly elevated, longitudinal carina centrally; finely, abundantly punctate; with short, decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with a few long, erect black setae. Remaining dark area of vertex finely, moderately abundantly punctate; with short, decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument; yellowish area on vertex and behind upper eye lobes with short, conspicuous, decumbent yellow setae not obscuring integument. Dark area behind upper eye lobes minutely, abundantly punctate close to eyes, finely, moderately abundantly punctate toward prothorax (punctures slightly coarser than on vertex; with minute, decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument. Area behind lower eye lobes smooth close to eyes, finely, moderately sparsely punctate toward prothorax (punctures coarser than on vertex); glabrous on wide superior area, with short, decumbent, sparse yellowish setae inferiorly on area close to eye, glabrous toward prothorax; with long, erect yellowish-brown setae close to eye inferiorly.Antennal tubercles with sculpturing and setae as on frons except smooth, glabrous distal area. Postclypeus with conspicuous, decumbent, abundant yellow setae on wide central area, glabrous laterally; with a few long, erect pale yellow setae on sides of wide central area. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior third, inclined at anterior 2/3; glabrous on narrow area close to anteclypeus, with long, erect, moderately abundant pale yellow setae on remaining surface (longer laterally). Genae with decumbent, moderately sparse yellow setae except glabrous distal area, interspersed with a few long, erect yellow setae ventrally. Gulamentum finely, very sparsely punctate on posterior half, with short, erect yellowish-brown setae emerging from each puncture; anterior area slightly depressed, finely, moderately abundantly striate-punctate, with short, erect yellowish-brown setae. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.67 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.11 times length of scape. Antennae (only one specimen measured) 1.3 times elytral length, almost reaching elytral apex. Antennomeres III–V with tuft of dense and long setae in posterior half; antennomere VI with tuft of dense and long setae in entire ventral surface. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.25; pedicel = 0.33; IV = 1.03; V = 1.44; VI = 1.64; VII = 1.28; VIII = 1.11; IX = 0.97; X = 0.83; XI = 1.03.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax rounded laterally; anterior margin narrower than posterior margin. Pronotum with large, slightly elevated gibbosity on each side of posterior half; with slightly elevated elongate carina along central region, slightly more distinct posteriorly; transversely, widely depressed on anterior half; moderately coarse, shallowly, abundantly punctate (punctures more distinct on dark central band); with short, decumbent brownish setae on dark area, not obscuring integument; with short, decumbent yellow setae on light areas, denser on some areas; with moderately short, erect, sparse brownish setae throughout. Sides of prothorax moderately finely, abundantly punctate; with short, decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument, distinctly sparser posteriorly; with a few moderately short, erect dark setae. Prosternum with short, slightly bristly, abundant pale yellow setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect setae of some color, except in narrow anterior area with a few short, decumbent pale yellow setae. Ventral surface of mesothorax with short, decumbent yellowish-white setae, not obscuring integument, especially on center of mesoventrite. Metanepisternum with short, decumbent, moderately abundant yellowish-white setae not obscuring integument. Metaventrite with short, decumbent, moderately abundant yellowish-white setae laterally, sparser centrally; with long, erect, sparse yellowish-white setae centrally. Scutellum with short, decumbent, very sparse yellowish setae. Elytra. Slightly widened from midlength; finely, moderately abundantly punctate throughout; with short, decumbent setae not obscuring integument, yellow on light area, brownish on dark area; with short, erect, sparse setae throughout, longer in basal third, yellowish on light area, brownish on dark area. Legs. Femora finely, densely punctate except sparsely punctate basal half of profemora; with short, decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect brownish setae. Tibiae finely, abundantly punctate; with decumbent brownish setae interspersed with long, erect dark setae.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with decumbent, moderately sparse yellowish-white setae, slightly denser laterally, interspersed with long, erect setae of same color (more brownish on ventrite V); base of ventrite V distinctly wider than twice its length.</p><p>Female. Antennae (only one specimen measured) as long as elytra, slightly surpassing base of posterior third of elytra. Base of ventrite V distinctly narrower than twice its length.</p><p>Variation (male and females). Parts of clypeus and labrum dark brown; ventral surface of head entirely yellowish-brown; ventral surface of head dark brown anteriorly and laterally (this area narrow or wide), yellowish-brown posteriorly; ventral surface of head entirely reddish-brown; apex of genae dark brown; distal area of palpomeres yellowish-brown; antennomeres VII–XI dark brown; black central area of pronotum slightly widened centrally, parallel-sided, slightly narrowed anteriorly, or with sides divergent from anterior margin to posterior third (from slightly to strongly widened from anterior margin to posterior third), then distinctly narrowed; sides of prosternal process brownish; black lateral area of prosternum larger; margins of mesoventral process brownish; mesoventral process entirely reddish-brown; central area of metaventrite widely yellowish-brown from base to apex (sometimes, this area narrowed posteriorly); central area of metaventrite yellowish-brown anteriorly, gradually brownish toward apex; elytra with dark dorsal band before midlength more brownish and triangular, with elongate, irregular brownish band on each side; elytra yellowish-brown on basal half, third or quarter, black on remaining surface (black area triangularly projected or not forward dorsally, reaching or not scutellum); elytra nearly black, with large, nearly triangular yellowish-brown band involving humeri, and wide, transverse, irregular yellowish-brown band near middle (black anterior area reaching or not epipleural margin); coxae from entirely black to entirely reddish-brown or with irregular light and dark areas; femora entirely dark reddish-brown, or gradually blackish toward apex; abdominal ventrites black laterally, gradually dark brown toward center, yellowish-brown central area of ventrite I (gradually brownish toward apex), and brownish anterocentral area of ventrites II–IV; abdominal ventrites dark brown laterally (this area from narrow to moderately wide), reddish-brown on remaining surface; abdominal ventrites reddishbrown with narrow dark brown band laterally and posteriorly; abdominal ventrites entirely dark brown or black; abdominal ventrites yellowish brown, with wide, transverse dark brown band posteriorly; area of vertex close to prothorax with narrow, transverse band with sparse, decumbent yellow setae; area behind upper eye lobes close to prothorax with short, decumbent, sparse yellowish setae; posterior half of gulamentum slightly transversely striate laterally; posterior half of gulamentum smooth and glabrous; anterior area of gulamentum with both, decumbent and sub-erect, moderately abundant yellowish setae, more abundant laterally; sides of prothorax forming obtuse angle about or after midlength; pronotal punctures sparser; anterior margin of prothorax from equal to slightly wider than posterior margin; pronotal punctures entirely obscured by pubescence; yellow setae on light areas of pronotum dense throughout; erect setae on pronotum almost absent; erect setae on pronotum yellowish; elytra more distinctly widened from midlength; sutural angle of elytra slightly projected.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), males/females (7 males, 6 females). Total length, 9.55–12.05/8.40–14.60; prothoracic length, 1.55–1.85/1.30–2.10; anterior prothoracic width, 1.70–1.75/1.30–2.30; posterior prothoracic width, 1.65– 2.00/1.45–2.30; maximum prothoracic width, 2.05–2.40/1.70–2.75; humeral width, 2.45–3.00/2.30–3.80; elytral length, 7.20–8.90/6.30–11.60. According to Bates (1880), males and females 6–7 lin. (≈ 12.72–14.84 mm).</p><p>Material examined. MEXICO, Jalapa, 1 male, 4 females, no date indicated, W. Schaws col. (MZSP) . Veracruz: 14-16 km W Sontecompan, 3 males, 10-13.IV.1993, J.E. Wappes col. (MZSP) . Chiapas: Lagos des Colores, 1 male, 14.VI.1969, D.E. Bright col. (MZSP) ; P. N. Montebello (5,000’), 1 female, 30.V.1969, no collector indicated (MZSP) . GUATEMALA, Zapote, 1 female, C. Champion col. (DZUP, former Bates collection) . El Progreso: 2 km S Albores (4500’), 1 male, 21.X.1990, E. Giesbert col. (MZSP) . Baja Verapaz: San Jerónimo, 1 male, no date indicated, Champion col. (DZUP, former Bates collection) .</p><p>Distribution. Pteroplatus quadriscopulatus is known from Mexico (Veracruz, Tamaulipas, Chiapas), Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.</p><p>Type. Lectotype female from Guatemala (Sacatepéquez, Capetillo), designated by Chemsak (1967), deposited at BMNH.</p><p>Remarks. This species is very similar to P. variabilis but, as already reported by Bates (1880), “it differs, however, constantly in both sexes in having the antennal joints from the third to the sixth furnished on one side with a long and very dense brush of silky hairs, Pt. variabilis having such a brush only on the sixth joint.”</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF882504FF5E766FFB575FAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF832506FF5E70F6FBCC5B68.text	03D887EDFF832506FF5E70F6FBCC5B68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroplatus luculentus Botero & Santos-Silva & Bezark 2019	<div><p>Pteroplatus luculentus sp. nov.</p><p>(Figures 31–39)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4BA7C90B-DBF3-4EF9-A5B1-8717F30501A5</p><p>Description. Female (Figs. 31–34, 36–39). Head and prothorax dark brown, almost black, with slightly violaceous reflections; mouthparts reddish-brown except palpomeres dark brown with yellowish-brown apex; scape, pedicel, and antennomeres III–VI dark brown; antennomeres VI–XI brown. Ventral surface of meso- and metathorax dark brown; scutellum blackish; elytra blackish with violaceous reflections on anterior 2/5 (more brownish laterally), violaceous on posterior 2/5, yellow on central fifth; legs brown with slight violaceous reflections on some areas; abdomen dark brown.</p><p>Head. Frons with narrow, slightly elevated central plate, widened toward clypeus, nearly rounded anteriorly; transversely depressed on each side of central plate (more distinctly laterally); finely, moderately abundantly punctate except nearly smooth central plate; with short brownish setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect setae of same color, except nearly glabrous central plate. Vertex and area behind upper eye lobes finely, moderately abundant punctate; with decumbent yellowish-brown setae not obscuring integument (slightly yellower toward prothoracic margin), interspersed with long, erect yellowish-brown setae between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes, except glabrous narrow longitudinal central band. Area behind lower eye lobes nearly smooth and glabrous toward upper eye lobe; moderately coarsely, shallowly, abundantly punctate toward ventral side, with both, short and long, erect yellowish-brown setae close to eye (gradually more abundant toward ventral surface), glabrous on remaining surface.Antennal tubercles with sculpturing and setae as on frons, except smooth, glabrous distal area. Postclypeus finely, abundantly punctate on wide central area, smooth laterally; with decumbent yellowish-brown setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color on wide central area (longer on sides of this area), glabrous laterally. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus on posterior half, inclined on anterior half; finely, densely punctate, with sparse yellowish-brown setae (only close to its anterior margin, and distinctly longer laterally) on posterior half; with both, short and long, abundant pale-yellow setae on anterior half, especially centrally. Genae finely, moderately abundantly punctate except smooth narrow distal area; with decumbent, brownish setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color on punctate area, glabrous on smooth area. Gulamentum finely, sparsely striate, glabrous posteriorly, depressed, striate punctate, with short pale-yellow setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color anteriorly. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.67 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.10 times length of scape. Antennae (only one specimen measured) 0.95 times elytral length, reaching about base of posterior third of elytra. Antennomeres III–V with short tuft of long setae on posterior quarter; antennomere VI with tuft of long setae on posterior 3/4. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.28; pedicel = 0.34; IV = 0.91; V = 1.23; VI = 1.43; VII = 1.00; VIII = 0.80; IX = 0.63; X = 0.60; XI = 0.71.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax widened on central area of sides, forming a slightly conspicuous tubercle; anterior margin narrower than posterior margin, but area close to anterior margin about as wide as posterior margin. Pronotum with subelliptical gibbosity on each side of posterior half; with subelliptical, slightly elevated central gibbosity on posterior half, followed by narrow carina toward anterior margin; transversely, widely depressed on anterior half; moderately coarsely and sparsely punctate centrally, finer, denser laterally except smooth anterior area of lateral gibbosities; with wide, opaque band on each side of central area; with decumbent yellowish-brown setae not obscuring integument (denser laterally), interspersed with long, erect setae of same color, except glabrous anterior area of lateral gibbosities. Sides of prothorax moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate (less so close to anterior and posterior margins); with decumbent, yellowish-brown setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Prosternum with decumbent, sparse yellowish setae (more abundant laterally and centrally) interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Ventral surface of meso and metathorax with decumbent yellowish-brown setae not obscuring integument, sparser toward central area, interspersed with long, erect pale-yellow setae (more abundant on metaventrite). Scutellum with moderately sparse, decumbent brownish setae. Elytra. Moderately widened from midlength; moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal half, gradually finer toward apex; with short, decumbent, moderately sparse yellow setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color on light area; with short, decumbent, moderately sparse brownish setae interspersed with dark setae on dark areas; sutural angle not projected. Legs. Femora finely, abundantly punctate dorsally, gradually sparser toward nearly smooth ventral surface (especially on profemora); with decumbent brownish setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color on punctate area, and only erect setae ventrally. Tibiae densely, moderately coarsely punctate; with decumbent brownish setae interspersed with moderately abundant, erect setae of same color.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect pale-yellow setae, except glabrous posterior area of ventrites I–IV (this area widened at center of ventrite I).</p><p>Male (Fig. 35). Antennae 1.3 times elytral length, almost reaching elytral apex.</p><p>Variation (male and females). Body almost entirely violaceous dorsally except yellow band on elytra; pronotum with two elongate, moderately narrow yellowish-brown maculae on each side; prosternum with transverse orange macula on each side of anterior third; elytra yellow on anterior 2/3, violaceous or dark brown with violaceous reflections on posterior third; legs violaceous; tuft of long setae of antennomeres III–V covering posterior third or almost absent; tuft of long setae covering entire ventral surface of antennomere VI; sides of prothorax uniformly rounded from anterior to posterior margin; when light areas are present on pronotum, the pubescence on this area is yellow; setae on prosternum more abundant throughout, but always more abundant centrally and laterally; elytra slightly widened from midlength or gradually, slightly widened from humeral area; setae on dark areas of elytra almost black; sutural angle of elytra slightly projected.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), holotype female/ paratype male/ paratypes female. Total length, 11.80/9.90/-16.80-14.55; prothoracic length, 1.70/1.65/2.80-2.10; anterior prothoracic width, 1.70/1.60/2.20-2.00; posterior prothoracic width, 1.90/1.70/2.80-2.50; maximum prothoracic width, 2.25/2.10/3.00-2.90; humeral width, 2.95/2.70/4.30-3.95; elytral length, 8.40/7.10/13.00-10.75.</p><p>Type material. Holotype female from ECUADOR, Loja: Colaisaca (2350 m), 23.III.1990, Onore col. (MZSP). Paratypes—COLOMBIA, Cesar (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.57389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.515833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.57389/lat 10.515833)">Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta</a> E 8 km N of Pueblo Bello, 10°30’57’’ N 73°34’26’’ W, 2700 m), 1 female, 11-12.VI.2018, V. Sinyaev col. (AKPC). ECUADOR, Loja: 3 km S Gonzanama, 1 male, 1 female, 22.II.2007, F.T. Hovore &amp; I. Swift col. (LGBC, CASC).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet luculentus is Latin and refers to the bright, splendid and colorful aspect of this species.</p><p>Remarks. Pteroplatus luculentus sp. nov. is similar to P. variabilis, but differs as follows: antennomere III about as long or longer than VII; pronotum with opaque band on each side of central area. In P. variabilis, antennomere III is distinctly shorter than VII, and the pronotum has an opaque band centrally.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF832506FF5E70F6FBCC5B68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF812506FF5E74B0FEFD59C0.text	03D887EDFF812506FF5E74B0FEFD59C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroplatus variabilis Salle 1850	<div><p>Pteroplatus variabilis Sallé, 1850</p><p>(Figures 40–42)</p><p>Pteroplatus variabilis Sallé, 1850: 430; White, 1853: 83; Strauch, 1861: 127; Rojas, 1866a: 231; 1866b: 241; Pascoe, 1866: 294 (distr.); Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Haase, 1893: 16; Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Linsley, 1961a: 632 (mimet.); Monné, 1994: 49 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Monné, 2005: 452 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 672 (cat.).</p><p>Dimensions. According to Sallé (1850), length 9–19 mm, width 2.5–5 mm.</p><p>Distribution. Pteroplatus variabilis is known from Venezuela (Sallé 1850) and Colombia (Pascoe 1866).</p><p>Types. Pteroplatus variabilis was described based on syntypes (gender and number of specimens examined not indicated), deposited at MNHN.</p><p>Remarks. We did not examine specimens of this species. However, as in all species of Pteroplatus, the color is variable, especially on the elytra.</p><p>Pteroplatus variabilis is one of the species without small gibbosities on the distal area of the elytra, which is only slightly widened from the midlength. The tuft of long setae of the antennomeres III–V is distinct only on distal third or quarter.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF812506FF5E74B0FEFD59C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF802519FF5E72E8FC395B2E.text	03D887EDFF802519FF5E72E8FC395B2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroplatus pallidicolor Martins & Galileo 2013	<div><p>Pteroplatus pallidicolor Martins &amp; Galileo, 2013</p><p>(Figures 43–47)</p><p>Pteroplatus pallidicolor Martins &amp; Galileo, 2013: 575; Monné &amp; Chaboo, 2015: 63 (distr.); Monné et al., 2017: 32 (holotype); Monné, 2018: 672 (cat.).</p><p>Redescription. Male. Head dark brown, almost black except posterior area, gulamentum dark reddish-brown; mentum and cardo yellowish-brown; palpi dark brown, almost black, except yellowish-brown distal area of each palpomere; antennae dark brown, slightly lighter from antennomere VII. Prothorax mostly orangish-brown except: anterior area of pronotum narrowly dark brown; pronotum with irregular yellowish maculae; pronotum with one slightly oblique, subelliptical black macula on each side of posterior third; sides of prothorax with brownish band close to anterior margin, gradually darker and wider toward prosternum; sides of prothorax with brownish band close to posterior margin, irregular brownish macula close to procoxal cavity, and irregular yellowish maculae; prosternum with wide black band close to anterior margin and procoxal cavities; prosternal process black; ventral side of meso- and metathorax, abdominal ventrites, and legs dark brown (femora slightly lighter). Scutellum almost black, with slight violaceous reflections. Elytra yellow except brownish punctures, and irregular, transverse whitish band placed close to midlength at posterior half, from suture to epipleural margin.</p><p>Head. Frons with moderately elevated central plate, carina-shaped toward vertex, distinctly widened toward clypeus, nearly rounded anteriorly; transversely depressed on each side of central plate (more distinct laterally); finely, abundantly punctate except smooth central plate; with short, moderately abundant, partially bristly yellowish-brown setae, interspersed with long, erect of same color. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes not carinate centrally; finely, abundantly punctate; with bristly yellowish-brown setae (more abundant between antennal tubercles), interspersed with long, erect setae of same color (more abundant between antennal tubercles). Remaining surface of vertex with punctures slightly coarser than on remaining dorsal surface; with minute, decumbent, sparse yellowish-brown setae. Area behind upper eye lobes with sculpturing and setae as on posterior area of vertex (punctures and setae slightly denser); area behind lower eye lobes smooth close to upper eye lobes, moderately finely punctate on remaining surface (punctures denser toward ventral side, smoother toward prothoracic margin); with long, erect yellowish-brown setae close to eye (longer and denser toward ventral side), smooth on remaining surface. Antennal tubercles with sculpturing and setae as on frons except smooth and glabrous distal area. Postclypeus finely, densely punctate on wide central area, smooth laterally; with short, moderately abundant, bristly yellowish-brown setae interspersed with long, erect yellowish setae on sides of wide central area. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus at posterior third, inclined at anterior 2/3; glabrous close to anteclypeus, with both, short and long yellowish-brown setae on remaining surface (setae longer laterally). Genae finely, abundantly punctate close to eye, smooth toward apex; with short, decumbent yellowish-brown setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color, except glabrous distal area. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous close to prothorax, somewhat depressed, striate-punctate, with both, short and long, erect, moderately abundant yellowish-brown setae on anterior area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.57 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes 1.05 times length of scape. Antennae (missing antennomere XI in left antenna, and VIII–XI in right antenna) 1.15 times elytral length, reaching about posterior sixth of elytra. Antennomeres III–V with tuft of moderately short setae in posterior half; antennomere VI with tuft of long setae on posterior 3/4. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.16; pedicel = 0.34; IV = 0.96; V = 1.22; VI = 1.56; VII = 1.22; VIII = 1.00; IX = 0.90; X = 0.80.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax with rounded tubercle centrally, constricted anteriorly and posteriorly; anterior margin slightly narrower than posterior one, but sides wider than posterior margin close to anterior constriction. Pronotum with one slightly oblique gibbosity on each side of posterior half; with slightly elevated central gibbosity (longitudinally sulcate) on posterior half followed by narrow carina to anterior margin; moderately shallowly, transversely, widely depressed on anterior half; with moderately coarse, shallow, slightly distinct punctures except smooth gibbosities; with short, sparse yellowish setae, slightly longer and more abundant anteriorly, interspersed with long, erect setae of same color, but nearly glabrous centrally. Sides of prothorax nearly glabrous posteriorly, with short, moderately abundant yellowish setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color on remaining surface. Prosternum with both, short and long, erect, moderately abundant pale yellow setae on punctate area, nearly glabrous close to anterior margin. Ventral surface of mesothorax with short, decumbent yellowish-brown setae, slightly denser laterally. Metanepisternum with abundant, decumbent yellowish-brown setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Metaventrite with setae as on metanepisternum laterally, slightly sparser toward central area. Scutellum with short, decumbent, sparse brownish setae. Elytra. Slightly widened from midlength; coarsely, shallowly, abundantly punctate on basal half, gradually finer toward apex; with short, erect, sparse yellowish setae, gradually brownish toward apex. Legs. Femora finely, abundantly punctate except nearly smooth basal 2/3 of profemora; with short, decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect setae of same color (glabrous on smooth area of profemora). Tibiae finely, abundantly punctate; with decumbent brownish setae interspersed with long, erect dark setae.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with decumbent, moderately abundant yellowish-brown setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color; apex of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), holotype male. Total length, 13.60; prothoracic length, 2.05; anterior prothoracic width, 1.95; posterior prothoracic width, 2.00; maximum prothoracic width, 2.50; humeral width, 3.45; elytral length, 10.15. According to Martins &amp; Galileo (2013) (in mm): “Total length, 13.0; prothorax length, 2.0, greatest width of prothorax, 2.5; elytron length, 10.0; humeral width, 3.4.”</p><p>Material examined. PERU, Cajamarca: Jaen, 8.II.1964 [wrongly recorded as 8.X. 1964 in the original description], holotype male, Korytkowski col. (MZSP) .</p><p>Distribution. Pteroplatus pallidicolor remains known only by the holotype from Peru.</p><p>Remarks. According to Martins &amp; Galileo (2013): “ Pteroplatus pallidicolor sp. nov is distinguished from P. nigriventris Brême, 1845, described from Colombia, by the two black spots close to the base of the pronotum, and by the black scutellum. In P. nigriventris, the pronotum has three longitudinal black stripes, one central and one on each side and scutellum yellow.” However, P. pallidicolor is noticeably different from the holotype of P. nigriventris in the elytral shape and sculpturing. Furthermore, the holotype of the latter has a single longitudinal black band, and not three. Pteroplatus pallidicolor is very similar to P. anchora, practically only differing by the elytra not being reticulate. The anterior area of the prothorax is wider than the posterior margin in the holotype of P. pallidicolor . However, this kind of variation was observed in P. quadriscopulatus and, probably, may also occur in specimens of P. anchora . Accordingly, it cannot be used as a differential feature.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF802519FF5E72E8FC395B2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF9E251EFF5E744AFAA75FAA.text	03D887EDFF9E251EFF5E744AFAA75FAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroplatus pulcher Buquet 1840	<div><p>Pteroplatus pulcher Buquet, 1840</p><p>(Figures 48–70)</p><p>Pteroplatus pulcher Buquet, 1840: 287; 1841a: 286; Drapiez, 1844: 227; White, 1853: 82; Strauch, 1861: 127; Thomson, 1864: 258; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Linsley, 1961a: 632 (mimet.); Monné, 1994: 48 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 672 (cat.).</p><p>Pteroplatus atroviolaceus Kirsch, 1889: 39; Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 47 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Pteroplatus dimidiatipennis Buquet, 1841b: 153; 1841c: 207; Strauch, 1861: 127; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 48 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Pteroplatus elegans Buquet, 1841b: 152; 1841c: 206; Strauch, 1861: 127; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 48 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Pteroplatus fasciatus Buquet, 1841b: 151; 1841c: 206; Strauch, 1861: 127; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Thomson, 1878 a: 17 (type); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 48 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Linsley, 1961a: 632 (mimet.); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Pteroplatus nigriventris Brême, 1845: 310; White, 1853: 83; Strauch, 1861: 127; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 48 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Pteroplatus transversalis Brême, 1845: 309; White, 1853: 83; Strauch, 1861: 127; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Linsley, 1961a: 632 (mimet.); Monné, 1994: 49 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 452 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Martins &amp; Galileo, 2013: 580 (distr.); Monné, 2018: 672 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Redescription. Male (Figs. 58–61, 68–70). Head black, with slightly violaceous reflections; mouthparts dark brown except yellowish apex of palpomeres; scape, pedicel and antennomeres III–VI black with slightly violaceous reflections; antennomeres VII–XI dark brown; pronotum entirely black except one small, elliptical orange spot on each side of anterior half; sides of prothorax black with slightly violaceous reflections; ventral surface of thorax black with violaceous reflections; scutellum black; elytra mostly violaceous, with wide, transverse yellow band just after midlength, slightly margined with brown, and opaque, longitudinal, irregular black bands; legs black with violaceous reflections; abdominal ventrites dark brown with violaceous reflections.</p><p>Head. Frons with moderately elevated, narrow central plate close to clypeus, carina-like toward vertex, rounded anteriorly; transversely depressed on each side of central plate (more distinctly toward side); finely, abundantly punctate except smooth central plate; with short, decumbent, moderately sparse brownish setae interspersed with long, erect dark setae, except glabrous central plate. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes not carinate centrally; finely, abundantly punctate; with moderately abundant, decumbent brownish setae laterally, nearly smooth centrally, interspersed with long, erect brownish setae. Remaining surface of vertex moderately coarsely, shallowly punctate; with decumbent, moderately abundant brownish setae laterally, distinctly sparser centrally (this latter area widened toward prothoracic margin). Area behind upper eye lobes nearly glabrous on narrow area close to eye, with abundant, decumbent brownish setae on remaining surface; with a few long yellowish-brown setae near eye; sculpturing as on posterior area of vertex. Area behind lower eye lobes moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate; nearly glabrous except long, erect dark setae near eye, more abundant toward ventral surface. Antennal tubercles with sculpturing as on frons anteriorly, sparser posteriorly, smooth at apex; with decumbent, sparse brownish setae basally, glabrous on apex. Postclypeus finely, abundantly punctate on wide central area, glabrous laterally; with decumbent, brownish setae on wide central area, not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect dark setae (more abundant on sides of this area). Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus on posterior half, inclined on anterior half; finely abundantly punctate, posteriorly; with short, decumbent yellowish-brown setae posteriorly, interspersed with long erect setae of same color close to inclined area; with moderately long, erect yellowish-brown setae anteriorly. Genae finely punctate except smooth distal area; with decumbent brownish setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color on punctate area, glabrous at apex. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous on wide posterior area, slightly depressed, striate-punctate, with both, short and long yellowish setae anteriorly. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.57 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes equal to length of scape. Antennae (only one specimen measured) 1.1 times elytral length, reaching about posterior sixth of elytra.Antennomeres III–V with tuft of dense and long setae in posterior third; antennomere VI with tuft of dense and long setae in entire ventral surface. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.16; pedicel = 0.31; IV = 0.87; V = 1.08; VI = 1.36; VII = 1.08; VIII = 0.89; IX = 0.74; X = 0.65; XI = 0.87.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax with rounded, slightly distinct tubercle centrally, constricted anteriorly and posteriorly; anterior margin slightly narrower than posterior one, but sides about as wide as posterior margin close to anterior constriction. Pronotum with large gibbosity on each side, gradually narrowed from posterior quarter to about anterior third; with slightly elevated central gibbosity on posterior half, followed by narrow carina to anterior margin; moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate (slightly less so centrally); moderately shining except wide, longitudinal, opaque band on each side of central area; with decumbent, brownish setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Sides of prothorax moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate, except nearly smooth anterior and posterior areas; with decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument. Prosternum with both, short and long erect yellowish setae, slightly denser laterally, forming narrow band centrally. Ventral surface of mesothorax with decumbent yellowish-brown setae not obscuring integument, denser laterally. Metanepisternum with moderately dense, short, decumbent yellowish-brown setae. Sides of metaventrite with setae as on metanepisternum, gradually sparser toward central area; with long, erect, sparse yellowish-brown setae. Scutellum with short, decumbent brownish setae, distinctly sparser laterally. Elytra. Distinctly widened from anterior quarter; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate on anterior half, with small gibbosities on posterior half, following upward along sides of expanded area of anterior half (often less conspicuous than on posterior area and, when present, slightly distinct on yellow band); with short, decumbent, sparse brownish setae on dark areas, yellow on light area; with moderately long, erect, sparse dark setae on dark areas, yellow on light area; elytral apex uniformly rounded. Legs. Femora finely, abundantly punctate dorsally, gradually sparser laterally toward nearly smooth ventral surface; with short, decumbent brownish setae on punctate area, interspersed with long, erect brownish setae, present also ventrally. Tibiae moderately finely, abundantly punctate; with decumbent brownish setae interspersed with long, erect dark setae.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with short, decumbent, sparse yellowish setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color; apex of ventrite V slightly rounded.</p><p>Female (Figs. 62–67). Antennae 0.9 times elytral length, reaching about base of posterior third of elytra.</p><p>Variation (male and female). Head dark brown; pronotum entirely black; pronotum orangish or yellowish with narrow or wide, parallel-sided black central band; pronotum with wide black central band, widened anteriorly and posteriorly, orangish or yellowish laterally except narrow black area close to sides of prothorax; pronotum with large jug-shaped black macula centrally, orangish or yellowish laterally, often with narrow black band close to prothoracic sides; pronotum with large black band centrally, noticeably projected laterally, posteriorly, orangish or yellowish laterally, often with narrow black band close to prothoracic sides; pronotum entirely black except one elongate yellowish spot on each side of anterior area; sides of prothorax dark brown; ventral surface of thorax dark brown with violaceous reflections (sometimes almost absent); ventral surface of thorax dark violaceous; scutellum with violaceous reflections; dark anterior and posterior areas of elytra brownish with slight violaceous reflections laterally; transverse yellow band of the elytra placed more centrally; elytra entirely orangish; elytra orangish on about anterior third, with wide, transverse blackish and yellow bands at about central third, blackish with violaceous reflections on posterior third; anterior half of elytra blackish with violaceous reflections, except large yellow macula on each side of anterior quarter, with wide, transverse yellow band close to midlength, and blackish, with violaceous reflections on posterior quarter; elytra orangish on anterior 2/3, black with violaceous reflections on posterior third; elytra orangish on anterior half, violaceous on posterior half; elytra entirely black with violaceous reflections; elytra mostly orangish on anterior half, with violaceous basal area (projected backward along suture), violaceous on posterior half; setae on frons yellowish brown; area behind lower eye lobes nearly smooth toward prothoracic margin; genae with golden setae close to eye; tuft of long, dense setae of antennomeres III–V covering posterior half; lateral tubercle of prothorax more distinct or absent; area close to anterior constriction of prothorax distinctly narrower than posterior margin; central area of pronotum nearly smooth, especially on posterior gibbosity; light areas of pronotum with short, decumbent yellow setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color; setae on sides of prothorax yellowish; elytral apex projected at sutural angle.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), 4 males / 3 females. Total length, 10.35–14.00/10.35–15.90; prothoracic length, 1.40– 2.00/1.35–2.10; anterior prothoracic width, 1.35–1.95/1.35–1.90; posterior prothoracic width, 1.70–2.15/1.70–2.50; maximum prothoracic width, 1.90–2.60/1.95–2.85; humeral width, 2.65–3.45/2.65–3.90; elytral length, 7.70– 10.35/7.90–12.50. According to Buquet (1840) for P. pulcher, length 20 mm, width 10 mm. According to Buquet (1841b) for P. dimidiatipennis, length 17 mm, width 9 mm; for P. elegans, length 1-17 mm, width 8-10 mm; for P. fasciatus, length 14-18 mm, width 7-10 mm. According to Kirsch (1889) for P. atroviolaceus, length 16 mm, width 4 mm. According to Brême (1845) for P. nigriventris, length 18 mm, width 8 mm; and for P. transversalis, length 16 mm, width 7.5 mm.</p><p>Material examined. COLOMBIA, Boyacá (new department record): Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">Cabaña Mamarramos</a>; 5º25’N / 73º27’W; 2855 m), 2 males, 4-21.XII.2000, P. Reina col. (MZSP) ; 1 female, 13.XI- 4.XII.2000, P. Reina col. (MZSP); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.16861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.970278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.16861/lat 5.970278)">Duitama-Charalá</a> (5º58’13”N / 73º10’07”W; 2925 m), 1 female, 24-27.II.2016, V. Sinyaev col. (MZSP) . Cundinamarca: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.62528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.0994444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.62528/lat 5.0994444)">5 km Via Guaduas-Honda</a> (5º05’58”N / 74º37’31”W; 1260 m), 1 male, 17- 19.V.2016, V. Sinyaev &amp; C. Pinilla col. (MZSP) . Norte de Santander (new department record): Pamplona (2300 m), 1 male, 1920, P. Rochereau col. (DZUP) . 1 female, without data. ECUADOR, Napo (new province record) ( Cosanga, 2100 m), 1 male and 1 female, no date indicated, Jim McClarin col. (QCAZ, see Bezark 2019)</p><p>Distribution. Pteroplatus pulcher is known from Colombia (Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Norte de Santander, Putumayo), and Ecuador (Loja, Napo).</p><p>Types. Pteroplatus pulcher — Holotype from Colombia (Bogotá), deposited at MNHN; P. atroviolaceus— Holotype from Colombia (Putumayo, Sibundoy), deposited at SMTD; P. dimidiatipennis — Holotype from Colombia, deposited at MIZT; P. elegans— Syntypes from Colombia, deposited at MNHN; P. fasciatus — Syntypes from Colombia, deposited at MNHN; P. nigriventris — Holotype from Colombia (Bogotá), deposited at MIZT; P. transversalis — Holotype from Colombia (Bogotá), deposited MIZT .</p><p>Remarks. The work by Brême has been reported as published in 1844. However, according to the website of the Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum (https://www.bishopmuseum.org/), the pages 213–356 of the Annales de la Société Entomologique de France were published on January 8, 1845.</p><p>It is possible that P. gracilis and P. pulcher are extremes of a single and extremely variable species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF9E251EFF5E744AFAA75FAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
03D887EDFF992514FF5E764EFB0F5D36.text	03D887EDFF992514FF5E764EFB0F5D36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pteroplatus gracilis Buquet 1840	<div><p>Pteroplatus gracilis Buquet, 1840</p><p>(Figures 71–96)</p><p>Pteroplatus gracilis Buquet, 1840: 287; 1841a: 288; White, 1853: 82; Strauch, 1861: 127; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Monné, 1994: 48 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 451 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.).</p><p>Pteroplatus caudatus Martins &amp; Galileo, 2013: 573; Monné, 2018: 671 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Pteroplatus rostainei Buquet, 1840: 287; 1841a: 289; White, 1853: 82; Strauch, 1861: 127; Lacordaire, 1869: 165; Gemminger, 1872: 2966 (cat.); Thomson, 1878: 17 (type); Blackwelder, 1946: 588 (checklist); Linsley, 1961a: 632 (mimet.); Monné, 1994: 48 (cat.); Monné &amp; Giesbert, 1994: 133 (checklist); Martínez, 2000: 90 (distr.); Monné, 2005: 452 (cat.); Monné &amp; Hovore, 2006: 114 (checklist); Monné, 2018: 672 (cat.). Syn. nov.</p><p>Redescription. Male (Figs. 71–74, 88–96). Head black except large, oblique yellow macula on each side of vertex, covering nearly all area behind upper eye lobes, anteclypeus yellowish-brown, anterior area of labrum reddishbrown, posterior area of labrum dark-brown, mandibles blackish; mouthparts mostly dark brown interspersed with reddish-brown areas, except palpomeres almost black with yellowish distal area; scape, pedicel and antennomeres III–VI black, and remaining antennomeres dark brown. Pronotum with wide, nearly parallel-sided black central band, yellowish-brown on remaining surface except narrow black band laterally; sides of prothorax entirely black. Prosternum with subelliptical orange macula on each side of middle; ventral side of meso- and metathorax dark brown. Scutellum black. Elytra yellow except wide, transverse black area about middle and entire posterior quarter. Legs dark brown. Abdominal ventrites dark brown except distal reddish-brown distal area.</p><p>Head. Frons with moderately elevated, narrow central plate close to clypeus, carina-like toward vertex, rounded anteriorly; transversely depressed on each side of central plate (more distinctly laterally); finely, abundantly punctate except smooth central plate; with short, decumbent, moderately sparse brownish setae, interspersed with long, erect setae of same color, especially laterally, except glabrous central plate. Area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes carinate centrally; finely, abundantly punctate; with decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect dark setae (more abundant between antennal tubercles). Remaining surface of vertex with punctures slightly sparser than on area between upper eye lobes; with short, decumbent brownish setae not obscuring integument on dark area, yellow on light area extending to behind upper eye lobes. Dark area behind upper eye lobes with sculpturing and setae as on dark area of vertex. Area behind lower eye lobes moderately finely and sparsely punctate, with long, erect brownish setae close to eye, glabrous toward prothorax. Antennal tubercles with sculpturing and setae as on frons except smooth, glabrous distal area. Postclypeus finely, abundantly punctate on wide central area, smooth laterally; with moderately bristly brownish setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color on wide central area (erect setae notably longer on sides of this area), glabrous laterally. Labrum coplanar with anteclypeus on posterior half, inclined on anterior half; finely, abundantly punctate on posterior half; with short, moderately sparse brownish setae on posterior half, and long, erect, moderately abundant yellowishbrown setae on sides of posterior half, and entire anterior half. Genae finely, moderately abundantly punctate except smooth distal area; with decumbent, moderately abundant brownish setae on punctate area, glabrous on smooth area. Gulamentum finely, sparsely striate posteriorly, somewhat depressed, striate anteriorly; glabrous posteriorly, with long, erect, moderately abundant brownish setae on depressed area. Distance between upper eye lobes 0.61 times length of scape; in frontal view, distance between lower eye lobes equal to length of scape. Antennae (only one specimen measured) 1.15 times elytral length, reaching about posterior seventh of elytra. Antennomeres III–V with tuft of dense and long setae in posterior half; antennomere VI with tuft of dense and long setae in entire ventral surface. Antennal formula (ratio) based on length of antennomere III: scape = 1.17; pedicel = 0.31; IV = 0.94; V = 1.14; VI = 1.43; VII = 1.14; VIII = 0.91; IX = 0.77; X = 0.68; XI = 0.77.</p><p>Thorax. Prothorax with rounded tubercle centrally, constricted anteriorly and posteriorly; anterior margin slightly narrower than posterior one, sides about as wide as posterior margin close to anterior constriction. Pronotum with gibbosity on each side of posterior half, slightly tab-shaped; with slightly elevated central gibbosity on posterior half, followed by narrow carina to anterior margin; moderately shallowly, transversely, widely depressed on anterior half; moderately coarsely, abundantly punctate (punctures more distinct on dark area) except smooth, narrow central area; with slightly conspicuous pubescence on dark area (glabrous on central gibbosity), with dense yellow pubescence on light areas; with long, erect, sparse setae throughout, yellowish on light areas, brownish on dark area. Sides of prothorax moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate; with brownish pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Prosternum with short, erect yellowish-white setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color on punctate area, nearly glabrous close to anterior margin. Ventral surface of mesothorax with yellowish-brown pubescence, not obscuring integument, sparser toward center of mesoventrite. Ventral surface of metathorax with yellowish-brown pubescence, gradually sparser toward glabrous center of metaventrite; with long, erect, moderately abundant yellowish-brown setae on metaventrite. Scutellum with short, decumbent, moderately sparse brownish setae. Elytra. Distinctly widened from anterior quarter; coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate on anterior 2/3, with small gibbosities on posterior third; with short, decumbent, moderately sparse yellow setae interspersed with erect setae of same color on light area, and decumbent, moderately sparse brownish setae interspersed with erect setae of same color on dark area; elytral apex uniformly rounded. Legs. Femora finely, abundantly punctate dorsally, gradually sparser toward ventral surface; with pale yellow pubescence not obscuring integument, interspersed with long, erect setae of same color. Tibiae moderately finely, abundantly punctate; with decumbent brownish setae interspersed with long, erect dark setae.</p><p>Abdomen. Ventrites with short, decumbent, moderately sparse yellowish-white setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color; apex of ventrite V truncate.</p><p>Female (Figs. 75–78, 83–87). Antennae reaching about base of posterior third of elytra.</p><p>Variation (male and female). Head mostly dark brown or entirely black; yellow macula on vertex and behind upper eye lobes absent or very small; postclypeus dark brown interspersed with yellowish-brown areas or entirely yellowish-brown; genae and part of area behind lower eye lobes yellowish-brown; area close to inferior margin of lower eye lobes yellowish-brown; gulamentum dark brown anteriorly, yellowish brown on wide posterior area, or entirely yellowish-brown; mandibles yellowish-brown basally (this area with variable size); mouthparts mostly yellowish-brown except palpomeres mostly brown; mouthparts mostly blackish; antennae entirely dark brown; sides of scape dark reddish-brown; posterior half of scape almost entirely yellowish-brown ringed; black central band of pronotum with sinuous sides, often narrowed toward anterior margin; central black band on pronotum narrow and parallel-sided; central black band on pronotum widened anteriorly, centrally and posteriorly; central black band on pronotum notably widened from anterior margin to posterior third, then narrowed toward posterior margin; black band on pronotum with oblique projection on each side of posterior half (shape and size of this projection notably variable); pronotum black except oblique orange band on each side of anterior half; black central band of pronotum interrupted centrally; narrow black band on sides of pronotum absent; sides of prothorax entirely dark brown; elliptical macula on center of prosternum very small or absent; prosternum with narrow orange macula on each side near anterior margin; prosternum orange except narrow brown area; prosternum with transverse orange band close to anterior margin; prosternum entirely orange, dark brown or black; metaventrite yellowish-brown except dark brown sides; central area of metaventrite yellowish-brown and remaining surface black or dark brown; metaventrite black with violaceous reflections; scutellum black with violaceous reflections; scutellum dark brown; elytra entirely yellow on anterior half, and black on posterior half (boundary between these areas irregular or not); anterior 2/3 or 3/4 of elytra entirely yellow and posterior third or quarter black (boundary between these areas irregular or not); anterior black band of elytra moderately narrow or wide (sometimes notably wide), reaching or not epipleural margin, projected or not toward scutellum along suture; anterior dark macula of elytra small, not reaching sides of dorsal surface, often brownish; elytra mostly black, except yellow humeral spot and posterior quarter; elytra black except yellow humeral area; elytra entirely yellow; legs black; peduncle of femora reddish-brown or yellowish-brown; femoral club partially reddish-brown or yellowish-brown; femora entirely reddish-brown; femora reddish-brown except brownish sides and ventral surface of club; tibiae partially dark orangish-brown; tarsomeres brownish; metatarsomeres I–II orangish-brown and remaining segments dark brown; abdominal process of ventrite I yellowish-brown; anterocentral area of abdominal ventrite II yellowish-brown; abdominal ventrites entirely black, often with violaceous reflections; decumbent setae on frons yellowish-brown; erect setae on frons darkened; central carina between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes absent; area between antennal tubercles and upper eye lobes with abundant yellowish setae; vertex and area behind upper eye lobes with brownish pubescence throughout; area behind upper eye lobes nearly smooth, with punctures denser toward prothoracic margin, or nearly smooth toward upper eye lobe and punctate toward ventral surface; postclypeus with abundant yellow setae interspersed with long, erect setae of same color; erect setae on labrum sparse; part of erect setae on labrum blackish; setae on genae yellow or yellowish; gulamentum smooth posteriorly; anterior area of gulamentum with yellow or yellowish setae; antennomere VI with long erect setae on posterior 3/4; prothorax without tubercle laterally, or with tubercle slightly distinct; gibbosity on each side of posterior half distinctly tab-shaped; pronotum smooth only on central posterior gibbosity; yellow pubescence on pronotum sparser on some areas; sides of prothorax interspersed with yellowish pubescence; elytra slightly widened from midlength; elytra punctate on basal 3/4, and with small gibbosities on posterior quarter (sometimes, small gibbosities almost reaching midlength); elytral apex slightly or distinctly projected on sutural angle; femora with yellow pubescence and yellow erect setae on light areas; tibiae with yellowish setae.</p><p>Dimensions (mm), 19 males / 19 females. Total length, 9.45–16.80/10.95–15.25; prothoracic length, 1.35– 2.10/1.50–2.30; anterior prothoracic width, 1.35–2.40/1.50–2.30; posterior prothoracic width, 1.55–2.40/1.80–2.65; maximum prothoracic width, 1.75–2.80/2.05–3.10; humeral width, 2.30–3.90/2.80–4.40; elytral length, 7.20– 12.80/8.40–12.00. According to Buquet (1840) for P. gracilis, length 11 mm, width 5 mm; and for P. rostainei, length 13 mm, width 5 mm. According to Martins &amp; Galileo (2013) for P. caudatus: “Total length, 11.8; prothorax length, 1.9, greatest width of prothorax, 2.5; elytron length, 9.2; humeral width, 3.3.”</p><p>Material examined. COLOMBIA, Santander (new department record): Oiba ( Hacienda La Becerra; 1420 m), 1 male, 2.X.2009, D. Monrey col. (UNAB) . Boyacá (new department record): Cuitiva (Vda. Macias; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-72.933334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -72.933334/lat 5.55)">Fca. El Mirador del Lago Tota</a>; 5º33’N / 72º56’W; 3015 m), 1 male, 18.IV.2014, P. Bermeo col. (UNAB) ; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.04222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.826389" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.04222/lat 5.826389)">Duitama</a> (5º49’35”N / 73º02’32”W; 2530 m), 1 male, 31.VII.2004, N. Rosas col. (UNAB) ; Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.45&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.4166665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.45/lat 5.4166665)">Cabaña Mamarramos</a>; 5º25’N / 73º27’W; 2855 m), 1 male, 4-21.XII.2000, P. Reina col. (MZSP) ; San Miguel de Sema (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.816666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.5166664" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.816666/lat 5.5166664)">Vda. Sabaneca</a>; 5º31’N / 73º49’W; 2500 m), 1 male, 20.II.2012, V. Suárez col. (UNAB) ; Saboya (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.71972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.7008333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.71972/lat 5.7008333)">Vda. Vinculo</a>; 5º42’03”N / 73º43’11”W; 2651 m), 1 male, 19.V.2002, W. Villamil &amp; O. Mateus col. (UNAB) ; Almeida (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.36444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.2066665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.36444/lat 4.2066665)">Tona</a>, 4º12’24”N / 73º21’52”W; 1800 m), 1 female, 5.IV.2004, D. López col. (UNAB) . Cundinamarca: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.53694&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5550003" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.53694/lat 4.5550003)">Anapoima</a> (4º33’18”N / 74º32’13”W; 698 m), 1 female; 18.IV.1992, C. Brand col. (UNAB) ; Anolaima ( Vrda. Luchima; 4º76’80.47”N / 74º49’23.81W; 1400 m), 1 male, 5.XI.2012, N. Tejedor col. (UNAB); (Finca Betania; Vereda Santa Ana; 1950 m) , 1 male, 30.I.2010, R. Sandoval col. (UNAB); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.53972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5475" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.53972/lat 4.5475)">Bituima</a> (4º32’51”N / 74º32’23”W; 1412 m), 1 male, 2.V.1992, O. Bilvao col. (UNAB) ; Bogotá: Bogotá (alredores de la UPN; 2640 m), 1 female, 21.IV.1986, R. Ovalle col. (UNAB); (4º35’56”N / 74º04’51”W; 2600 m), 1 male, 20.IX.1998, G. E. Castañeda col. (UNAB); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.94945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.4083333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.94945/lat 4.4083333)">Cáqueza</a> (4º24’30”N / 73º56’58”W; 1746 m), 1 female, 21.IX.1994, F. Montes col. (UNAB) ; Gacheta ( Vda. Santa Barbará; 1745 m), 1 male, 4.X.2009, M. Galindo col. (UNAB) ; Guasca (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.75745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.8165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.75745/lat 4.8165)">Vda. Potreritos</a>; 4º48’59.4”N / 73º45’26.8”W; 2700 m), 1 male, IV.2015, A. Rodríguez col. (UNAB) ; La Mesa (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.46583&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.634722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.46583/lat 4.634722)">Laguna Pedro Palo</a>; 4º38’05”N / 74º27’57”W; 1298 m), 1 male, 18.III.1990, B. Diaz col. (UNAB) ; 1 female, 23.V.1994, L. Sarmiento col. (UNAB); San Bernardo (San Miguel; cercana al Río Negro; 2000 m), 1 female, XI.2009, M. Zabala col. (UNAB) ; Zipaquirá, 2 males, 2 females, VII.1974, M. Pedroza col. (UNAB) ; 2 females, VII.1976, M. Pedroza col. (UNAB); Ubaté, 3 males, 7 females, 21.XI.1981, M. Bohorquez col. (UNAB) ; Anapoima (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.53917&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5491667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.53917/lat 4.5491667)">Via Apulo</a> km 6; 680 m; 4º32’57”N / 74º32’21”W), 1 male, 19.III.2012, C. Cárdenas col. (UNAB) . Tolima: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-74.64555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.2066665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -74.64555/lat 4.2066665)">Melgar</a> (4º12’24”N / 74º38’44”W; 323 m), 1 female, 11.V.1972, L. Laverde col. (UNAB) . Quindío (new department record): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-75.64361&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=4.5330553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -75.64361/lat 4.5330553)">Calarca</a> (4º31’59”N / 75º38’37”W; 1483 m), 1 female, 10.IV.1990, B. Diaz col. (MZSP) . PERU, Junín, (new country record): 11 km NE Puerto Ocopa, Los Olivos, 1,200 m, 23-24 March, 2009, A. K. Tishechkin, collector (LGBC) .</p><p>Distribution. Pteroplatus gracilis is known from Colombia (Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Boyacá, Quindío, and Santander), and Peru (Junín).</p><p>Types. Pteroplatus gracilis — Holotype from Colombia (Bogotá), deposited at MNHN; P. caudatus— Holotype from Colombia (Cundinamarca), deposited at UNAB; P. rostainei — Holotype from Colombia (Bogotá), deposited at MNHN .</p><p>Remarks. Pteroplatus gracilis exhibits distinct chromatic variation, as well as noticeable variation in the elytral shape. However, all the extremes are represented by intermediate forms. This is particularly noticeable when we see specimens with very different elytral shapes, but collected in the same place on the same date.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D887EDFF992514FF5E764EFB0F5D36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Botero, Juan Pablo;Santos-Silva, Antonio;Bezark, Larry G.	Botero, Juan Pablo, Santos-Silva, Antonio, Bezark, Larry G. (2019): Revision of the genus Pteroplatus Buquet, 1840 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae) and taxonomic notes in Pteroplatini. Zootaxa 4658 (1): 69-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4658.1.3
