identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03DBDF51A75FFFB7FF0DF92034855A84.text	03DBDF51A75FFFB7FF0DF92034855A84.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemopterella Banks 1910	<div><p>Genus Nemopterella Banks, 1910</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Eretmoptera Navás, 1910: 359 (Preoccupied by Eretmoptera Kellogg, 1900, Diptera)</p><p>Nemopterella Banks, 1910: 390; Navás 1911: 226.</p><p>Nemeva Navás, 1915: 35; Tjeder 1967: 454 (synonymy).</p><p>Type species. Nemopteryx africana Leach, 1815, by original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Medium to large species that can be distinguished by: (1) tip segment of antennae in the males as well as females terminates in an acute tooth (Fig. 8); (2) vertex of head broad with a pair of yellow or dark transverse spots along the postfrontal suture on the frons above antennae (Fig. 9); (3) forewings with a whitish pterostigma (Fig. 7a); (4) anal area tinged brown or dark brown (Fig. 7b); (5) number of costal cells between 23–37; (6) the entire hind wing from base to the apical whitish area bears black setae (Fig. 10); (7) fifth abdominal tergite with a pair of pleuritocavae on each side (Fig. 3); (8) thorax and abdomen with distinct brown to dark brown longitudinal mid and lateral-stripes; (9) costal crossveins (Cx) and area between the Cx tinged brown to light brown.</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 7–12.7; forewing 20.5–32.2; hind wing 42.4–73.1; antenna 14.3–37.2; Female: body length 8.7–15.1; forewing 17.5–28.7; hind wing 34.5–62.3; antenna 13.2–20.2.</p><p>Redescription. Head. Large with long rostrum (Fig. 9). Vertex broad with dark midline along epicranial suture and a pair of yellow or dark sub-triangular transverse spots along postfrontal suture on frons above antennae. Frons above antennae markedly elevated. Eyes large, widely separated. Antennae in males show intraspecific variation, some not reaching pterostigma others reaching just beyond pterostigma, while some extend beyond the wing (Figs 11–13). Tip segment ends in an acute tooth (Fig. 8). In females, antennae are short not reaching pterostigma and ending in acute tooth on the tip segment. In some species, the head bears distinct very sparse short black hairs over vertex and genae.</p><p>Thorax. Pruinose, with distinct longitudinal brown or dark brown mid and two lateral stripes. Pronotum short, narrow, elevated in the middle bending downwards laterally with saddle-like shape and elevated fore margin with upwardly reflexed hind margin. Mesonotum broad, metanotum shorter narrower than pronotum. Pubescence differs between sexes being longer, denser and softer in males than in females.</p><p>Forewings. Hyaline. Differing between sexes, slender in males and broader in females. Male forewings with an acute or sub-acute apex combined with a slight or shallow emargination before the apex or in some species with a rounded apex without distinct emargination. In females, forewings have a rounded apex without emargination. Pterostigma is mainly white (Fig. 7 (a)). Area between costa (C) and subcosta (SC), as well as anal area tinged brown. In most species, the subcostal and radial areas tinged brown with adjacent costal cells beyond pterostigma tinged greyish brown. Costal crossveins (or costals) (Cx) vary from 23–37. Hind wings very narrow, ribbon-like, with four distinct portions: the proximal portion near wing base pale or fuscous in colour, the portion before the dark area pale whitish, the dark area brown or dark brown, apical portion white. Setation black from wing bases to apical white portion (Fig. 10). Legs slender, covered with black setae, in some species the coxae covered with white setae; femora and tarsi either with or without tinged tips Tarsal segment 1 longer than segments 2–5 combined.</p><p>Abdomen. Cylindrical with short segments and very distinct brown or dark brown mid and lateral stripes (Fig. 3). In males, tergite 5 has short folds at hind margin with a pair of spongy structures, pleuritocavae, that open between tergites 5 and 6 (Fig. 1 (a)). Fore margin of tergite 6 is much larger than fore-margins of other abdominal tergites. These structures are absent from females. Setation of abdomen different in sexes, always longer and denser in males than females.</p><p>Genital structures of males and females are similar in the different species with no significant differences observed, so are of little value in distinguishing between species. In males, the gonarcus bears a long mediuncus and the gonolatus and gonosetae are present. Parameres long, fused apically (Figs 4, 5). Females with short gonapophyses laterales.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A75FFFB7FF0DF92034855A84	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A75EFFB7FF0DF99031E55830.text	03DBDF51A75EFFB7FF0DF99031E55830.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemopterella Banks 1910	<div><p>Key to species of male Nemopterella</p><p>1. Forewings with broad rounded apex, without emargination before apex (Fig. 19), hairs on thorax short, black (Fig. 15)…................................................................................. Nemopterella cedrus sp. nov.</p><p>- Forewings with acute or sub-acute apex, with emargination before apex, hairs on thorax long with different colours (Figs 14, 16)..................................................................................................2</p><p>2. Forewings slender with sub-acute apex, costal cells before pterostigma tinged brown, costal cells beyond pterostigma shaded greyish brown (Fig. 17), male antennae extending beyond pterostigma, approximately the same length as forewing (Figs 11, 17)......................................................................... Nemopterella africana (Leach)</p><p>- Forewings broad in the middle tapering towards apex, ending with sub-acute apex, costal cells before pterostigma shaded light brown, costal cells beyond pterostigma without shading (Fig. 18), male antennae extremely long, longer than forewings (Figs 13, 18)....................................................................... .. Nemopterella kabas sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A75EFFB7FF0DF99031E55830	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A751FFBAFF0DFF1C36A55D24.text	03DBDF51A751FFBAFF0DFF1C36A55D24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemopterella africana (Leach 1815)	<div><p>Nemopterella africana (Leach, 1815)</p><p>(Figs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 17, 31)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopteryx africana Leach, 1815: 74 .</p><p>Nemoptera africana (Leach): Westwood 1836: 75.</p><p>Nemoptera bacillaris Klug, 1836: 95; Walker 1853: 474.</p><p>Nematoptera bacillaris (Klug): Burmeister 1839: 986.</p><p>Nematoptera latipennis Burmeister, 1839: 986; Westwood 1841: 12.</p><p>Nematoptera africana (Leach): Westwood 1841: 12.</p><p>Halter africanus (Leach): Kirby 1900: 458.</p><p>Eretmoptera africana (Leach): Navás 1910: 359.</p><p>Nemopterella africana (Leach): Navás 1912: 9.</p><p>Nemeva africana (Leach): Navás 1915: 35.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.444721&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.639725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.444721/lat -33.639725)">Worcester</a>, 33°38’23’’S 19°26’41’’E .</p><p>Type depository. BMNH .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, most likely from the word Africa because the species originates from Africa.</p><p>Diagnosis. Nemopterella africana is externally similar to N. kabas sp. nov. It resembles N. kabas by having the same body patterns (Fig. 11). However, N. africana can easily be distinguished from N. kabas by a combination of the following characteristics: N. africana is characterised by slender forewings with short rounded tip (Figs 11, 17) while in N. kabas the forewings are broader and taper towards acute apex (Figs 13, 18). Also, N. africana has shaded costal cells beyond pterostigma (Fig. 17) while in N. kabas the costal cells are not shaded (Fig. 18). Moreover, N. africana has brown-tinged subcostal and radial areas (Fig. 17) while in N. kabas the subcostal and radial areas are not tinged (Fig. 18). Vertex in N. africana bears two dark transverse sub-triangular spots along the postfrontal suture (Fig. 5) while the transverse spots in N. kabas are yellow (Fig. 13). In addition, the male antennae in N. africana are long, extending beyond pterostigma and are approximately same length as forewing while in N. kabas the antennae are very long, longer than forewing.</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 9.7 (7–12.7); forewing 24.7 (20.5–27.6); hind wing 54.0 (42.4–61.8); antenna 17.6 (15.5–25.1). Female: body length 11.2 (8.7–15.1); forewing 25.3 (17.5–25.8); hind wing 50.1 (34.5–58.8); antenna 13.4 (14.5–19.8). (N = 143)</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀ (not examined).</p><p>Material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, 22♀, NEUR09680, Doornfontein Farm, Tan- qua <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.583332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.55/lat -32.583332)">Karoo</a>, 32°35’S 19°33’E, 20–21.x. 2006, 432 m, A.K.Brinkman ; 1♂, NEUR09681, Dwarsrivier Farm, Clan- william <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.983334/lat -32.216667)">Dist.</a>, 32°13’S 18°59’E, 26–27.x. 2006, 337 m, A.K.Brinkman ; 1♂ 1♀, NEUR02145, Sanddrift Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.266666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.483334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.266666/lat -32.483334)">Cedarberg Mts.</a>, 32°29’S 19°16’E, 19–24.xii.1994, E.Grobbelaar, Collected at light ; 2♂ 4♀, NEUR00419, Cit- rusdal, [32°35’24’’S 19°00’4’’E], M.v.d. Berg, 12.xi.1981, ACH1184, Gevang by ligval / Nemopterella africana (Leach), det. M.W.Mansell ; 1♂ 5♀, NEUR00701, Biedouw Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.233334/lat -32.133335)">Biedouw Valley</a>, 32°08’S 19°14’E, 29.ix.1986, M.W.Mansell, J.H.Hoffmann / Collected at light ; 1♂, NEUR11193, Clanwilliam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.897778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.170002" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.897778/lat -32.170002)">Owls Hoot</a> B&amp;B, 32°10’12’’S 18°53’52’’E, 87 m, 18.xi.2001, M.W.Mansell, J.B.Ball ; 1♂, NEUR11809, Kelkiewyn Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.6925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.20028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.6925/lat -31.20028)">Calvinia District</a>, 31°12’01’’S 19°41’33’’E, 25.x. 2011, 681 m, C.H.Scholtz ; 1♂ 7♀, NEUR09922, same locality and collector, but 1–3.xii.2008 / At light; 2♀, NEUR12305, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.5375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.580557" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.5375/lat -30.580557)">Sarisam Farm</a>, 30°34’50’’S 17°32’15’’E, 3–6.xii.2013, R.D.Stephen (All SANC) . 1♂ 1♀, SAM–NEU–A001248, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.77861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.00083" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.77861/lat -32.00083)">Bulhoek</a>, CLW. [Clanwilliam], [32°00’03’’S 18°46’43’’E], S.A. M., 12.56 / Nemopterella africana (Leach), det. Bo Tjeder, 1965 ; 1♀, SAM–NEU–A001247 / Upper Source Olifants River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.316668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.366665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.316668/lat -33.366665)">Ceres</a>, [33°22’00’’S 19°19’00’’E] / Nemopterella africana (Leach), det. Bo Tjeder, 1965 (All SAMC) . 2♂ 1♀, TMSA00736 and 5♀, TMSA00764, Diepkloof Farm near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.855556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.025555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.855556/lat -32.025555)">Clanwilliam</a>, [32°01’32’’S 18°51’20’’E], 12.xii.03, to M.V. light, Farm staff / Nemopterella africana (Leach, 1815) ♀, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013 (All TMSA) . Northern Cape Province, 1♀, TMSA02059, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.099445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.001667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.099445/lat -29.001667)">Lekkersing</a> [29°00’06’’S 17°05’58’’E], 17.xi.1933, G.van Son / Nemopterella africana (Leach), det. Bo Tjeder, 1965 (TMSA) ; 19♂ 24♀, NEUR01471, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.934444&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.544722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.934444/lat -29.544722)">Concordia</a>, 29°32’41’’S 17°56’04’’E, 1000 m, 9–10.xi.1990, M.W.Mansell, R.B.Miller, L.A.Stange / Collected at light (SANC) . 2♀, SAM–NEU–A001246 / Aggeneys, Bushmanland, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.833334/lat -29.183332)">Btw Springbok</a> and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.833334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.183332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.833334/lat -29.183332)">Pella</a> [29°11’S 18°50’E] / Nemopterella africana (Leach), det. Bo Tjeder, 1966 (SAMC) . 4♂ 1♀, NEUR02142, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.666666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.666666/lat -30.966667)">Kliprand</a> 40 km S., 30°58’S 18°40’E, 400 m, 3.xii.1988, M.D.Picker (SANC) . NAMIBIA, Karas Region. 16♂ 16♀, NEUR08900, Diamond Area no. 1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.766666/lat -27.316668)">Klinghardtberge</a>, 27°19’S 15°46’E, (2715 Bd), 20 / 21.x.1974, M.W.Mansell / Collected at mercury vapour light, arid rock terrain (SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species has a wide distribution but is endemic to South Africa and Namibia (Fig. 31). In South Africa, the species is known from the Northern and Western Cape Provinces in localities mainly centred in the Succulent Karoo, Nama Karoo and Fynbos Biomes. In the Succulent Karoo, the species has been reported from the Rainshadow Valley Karoo Bioregion occurring in the Tankwa Karoo and Agter-Sederberg Shrubland vegetation units (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). Both regions are dry, characterised by winter rains. The former unit is dominated by scattered dwarf succulent shrubs while the latter is vegetated mostly with tall shrubs of a mixture of succulent and non-succulent elements. The species has also been recorded from the Namaqualand Hardeveld and Strandveld Bioregions, where it seems to be associated with two different vegetation units: Namaqualand Blomveld and Namaqualand Strandveld. The habitat in the former unit is represented by sparse dwarf shrubs with succulent or ericoid leaves, while in the latter it is dominated by low shrubs of creeping succulents, and perennial plants when there is rain. Nemopterella africana has also been recorded from the Richtersveld Bioregion where the species has been found associated with Lekkersing Succulent shrubs. (The description of the habitat in this unit is given under the distribution of A. sabuleti). Within the Fynbos Biome, the range of distribution is centred in the Olifants Sandstone Fynbos and the Sandstone Fynbos Bioregions. In the former bioregion, the species is associated with the Sandstone Fynbos vegetation unit where the habitat is predominated by proteoid and restioid fynbos with mixtures of Cape thicket, asteraceous fynbos and tall shrubs. In the latter bioregion, the species seems to be associated with the Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos vegetation unit. The habitat in this unit is represented by asteraceous, restioid and proteoid fynbos (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). Another population has been collected from the Shale Renosterveld and Sand Fynbos Bioregions where the species is associated with Ceres Shale Renosterveld and Leipoldtville Sand Fynbos vegetation types (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). In the Nama Karoo, the collection localities fall mainly within the Bushmanland Sandy Grassland in the Bushmanland Bioregion. (See the description of the habitat in this vegetation unit under the distribution of A. munroi). In Namibia, the distribution is known only from the extension of the Succulent Karoo Biome in southern Namibia. It is a dry region represented by succulent vegetation and predominantly receives winter rains.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A751FFBAFF0DFF1C36A55D24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A752FFBDFF0DFA7B37795C8C.text	03DBDF51A752FFBDFF0DFA7B37795C8C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemopterella cedrus Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Nemopterella cedrus Mansell &amp; Abdalla sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 12, 15, 19, 32)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8D0B7A91-AF9F-4354-B0D6-EB01B8D20A54</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition from the Latin name Cedrus, a cedar tree, Widdringtonia cedarbergensis (the Clanwilliam or Cape cedar), for which the Cedarberg mountain range is named, and where the type specimens were collected.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. Cedarberg, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.320278&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.487778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.320278/lat -32.487778)">Sanddrift</a> 32°29’16’’S 19°19’13’’E .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from its congeners by its small size, short antennae and the rounded apex of the forewings (Figs 12, 19).</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Male: body length 10.0 (9.5–10.4); forewing 22.5 (21–23.7); hind wing 50.3 (47.2– 53.5); antenna 16.3 (14.3–17.6). Female: body length 11.0 (9.7–12.9); forewing 23.0 (21.7–24.7); hind wing 45.8 (39–57.6); antenna 14.0 (13.2–15.8). Holotype ♂ (Fig. 12): body length 9.7; forewing 22.8; hind wing 50.2; antenna 17.1. (N = 12).</p><p>Head. Yellow. Vertex reddish brown with longitudinal dark brown midline along epicranial suture. Pair of illdefined sub-triangular yellowish portions present lateral to epicranial suture on frons above antennae, their apices extended into torular area. In addition, a pair of yellow portions lateral to dark brown line. Frons below antennae tinged reddish brown. Genae cream coloured. Palpi blackish brown. Eyes small, widely separated.Antennae yellow proximally, dark brown distally with short black setae. Antennae short not reaching pterostigma. Apical segment blackish, ending in acute bare tooth.</p><p>Thorax. Yellow, slightly pruinose, with three distinct longitudinal dark brown mid and two lateral stripes, which extend onto the membranous area between pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 15). Midstripe extends backwards through prescutum, mesoscutellum and metanotum while lateral stripes are also visible along lateral sides of prescutum. Pronotum margins covered in erect, long black hairs more dense along fore margin, less dense along hind margin. Very fine somewhat long white hairs situated on disc between the two margins. Lateral sides of pronotum with long black hairs intermingled with long white hairs. Prescutum disc with robust, long dense black hairs while antero-lateral sides with long black hairs intermingled with sparse long white hairs. Sparse, stiff, short black hairs present on mesoscutum and mesoscutellum discs, being longer along hind margin of mesoscutellum. Mesoscutum posterior lateral sides with two groups of greyish hairs. A few very short black hairs present near base of each forewing. Sparse long white hairs admixed with black hairs present along hind margin and laterally on sides of mesoscutellum. Metanotum with two tufts of very long white hairs intermingled with long black hairs.</p><p>Forewings. Broad with broad rounded tip (Figs 12, 19). Venation blackish brown. Costa greyish brown. Subcosta brown proximally, light yellow to whitish distally towards pterostigma. Radius (R) brown. Other veins blackish brown. Subcostal and radial areas tinged with brown. Basal cells between the anal veins 1, 2 and 3 tinged dark brown. Proximal Cx near wing base shaded dark brown. Pterostigma white, short at base. Costal cells beyond pterostigma tinged with brown. Thirty Cx before pterostigma in right wing, 29 in left. Ten crossveins between R and Median (M) before origin of Radial sector (Rs) in right wing, 9 in left wing of the holotype. Twelve radial crossveins before pterostigma in both wings. Hind wings pale yellow proximally, whitish in the middle before the dark area. Longitudinal and crossveins pale yellow to creamy white near wing bases and whitish before the dark area, with brown membrane proximally and whitish distally towards the dark area. Dark area dark brown and approximately same length as white area. Whole wing clothed with black hairs even the white area except for areas near the bases of wings that have long white hairs. Legs yellow with short black setae and dark brown tips to femora.</p><p>Abdomen. Yellow, slightly pruinose. Dorsum with distinct broad, longitudinal, blackish brown mid and lateral stripes. Tergites with sparse, long white hairs, some long black hairs admixed with the white hairs on tergites 5–9. Venter yellow with sparse short black hairs. Apex yellow with dense, long black pubescence.</p><p>Variation. Some males have only white hairs on metanotum. In addition, the examined specimens differ in the number of costals as well as the number of radial crossveins.</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province, Holotype ♂, NEUR12344, Sanddrift, Cedarberg, 32°29’16’’S 19°19’13’’E, 840 m, 2.xii.2015, C.H.Scholtz, H.de Klerk. Paratypes: 2♂ 9♀, same data as holotype (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is endemic to the Western Cape Province where it is known from only one locality within the Fynbos Biome (Fig. 32). The collection site falls within the Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos vegetation unit in the Olifants Sandstone Fynbos Bioregion (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). See the description of habitat in the unit under the distribution of N. africana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A752FFBDFF0DFA7B37795C8C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A754FFA0FF0DFB9836E058E7.text	03DBDF51A754FFA0FF0DFB9836E058E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemopterella kabas Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Nemopterella kabas Mansell &amp; Abdalla sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 13, 16, 18, 32)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 72FBC1C2-B60A-4CCA-BC7A-A13557C49A84</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition derived from Kabas Farm, Pofadder District, where the type specimens were collected.</p><p>Type locality. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province, Kabas Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.433332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.433332/lat -29.033333)">Pofadder District</a>, 29°02’S 19°26’E .</p><p>Diagnosis. Externally, the species is similar to N. africana . Similarity and differences between the two species are discussed in the diagnosis of N. africana .</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Male: body length 11.1 (9.7–12.6); forewing 28.3 (24.7–32.2); hind wing 60.4 (49.7– 73.1); antenna 30.4 (24.7–37.2). Female: body length 12.3 (10.2–14.2); forewing 25.2 (21.2–28.7); hind wing 54.2 (44.2–62.3); antenna 18.9 (15–20.2). (N = 128). Holotype ♂ (Fig. 13): body length 11.9; forewing 28; hind wing 62.3; antenna 33.</p><p>Head. Frons, clypeus light yellow. Genae creamy. Palpi light brown. Vertex light reddish brown with dark brown midline along epicranial suture, also with pair of sub-triangular yellowish portions on raised area of frons above antennae. Two dark brown spots near eye margins either each side of vertex. The yellow hind margin of vertex shortened into two yellow portions laterally on each side of epicranial suture. Eyes large, brown, widely separated. Antennae extremely long, longer than forewings. Scape and pedicel brownish, flagellomeres yellow with sparse, short setae proximally and dark, dense setae distally. Apical segment dark brown, ending with acute tip.</p><p>Thorax. Yellow, slightly pruinose with pronotum yellow to creamy white (Fig. 16). The longitudinal brown central and lateral stripes well defined on pronotum, prescutum and mesoscutum, being much darker on pronotum and mesoscutellum and lighter on prescutum, central stripe appears narrow on pronotum and on area between prescutum and mesoscutellum and narrow on postnotum of mesothorax and metanotum and enlarged over prescutum disc. Mesoscutellum central stripe appears broad as an ill-defined brown shading. The three stripes also visible over dorsal cervical sclerite between pronotum and prescutum. Pronotal margins with erect, extremely long dense black hairs intermixed with long fine pale white hairs, with white hairs being denser on hind margin than fore margin. Pronotal disc with long pale white hairs. Very long erect brown hairs admixed with very long white hairs also present distally on each lateral side of pronotum. Prescutum disc with very long, dense, erect dark brown hairs intermingled with some pale white hairs on frontal part of prescutum. Extremely long, dark brownish hairs intermingled with long white hairs present antero-laterally on each side of prescutum. Long white hairs spread along lateral sides of prescutum. Mesoscutum disc with long, soft brown hairs admixed with a few long white hairs and two clusters of extremely long white hairs present posteriorly on each side of mesoscutum. Two clusters of short black hairs present on lateral sides of mesoscutum above forewing bases. Mesoscutellum with faint brown shading centrally. Two groups of long white hairs situated posteriorly on each side of mesoscutellum. Metanotum with two tufts of very long white hairs laterally on each side of metanotum.</p><p>Forewings. Elongate, broadened in middle, tapered towards apex with sub-acute tip and slightly emarginated before apex (Figs 13, 18). Venation brown. Costa whitish, Sc and R yellow. Distal portion of Sc and R and below pterostigma whitish. Pterostigma short, white, broad at base. Proximal costal cells shaded with very light brown. Costal (Cx) bases before pterostigma white, remainder dark brown. Thirty four Cx before pterostigma in right wing, 35 in left. Thirteen crossveins between R and M before origin of Rs in right wing, 12 in left. Eleven radial crossveins before pterostigma in right wing, 12 in left. Hind wings light yellow proximally, whitish before the dark area. Longitudinal and crossveins light brown to creamy-white proximally and whitish before the dark area. Dark area dark brown with longitudinal and cross veins of same colour; shorter than the white area. Two tufts of long white hairs at each wing base. Legs. Femora yellow with brown tips, tibia and tarsi whitish yellow with long black setae. Fore coxae with dark brown hairs intermingled with long white hairs, while mid and hind coxae bear white hairs with a few short black hairs.</p><p>Abdomen. Yellow, slightly pruinose laterally. Dorsum with distinct longitudinal dark reddish brown mid and lateral stripes. Tergites with sparse, very long white hairs, much denser and longer at sides of tergites and on third tergites. Sternites not striped. Sternites covered in sparse relatively long black hairs, sparse short white hairs present on sternites 2–3. Apex yellow with long black hairs.</p><p>Variation. In some male specimens there are short black hairs intermingled with the white hairs on tergites 5–8 and also some white hairs intermixed with the black hairs on sternites.</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂, NEUR09631, Kabas Farm, 10 Km NE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.435276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.435276/lat -29.033333)">Pofadder</a>, 29°02’S 19°26’E [29°03’40’’S 19°26’07’’E], 800 m, 1.xi.1996, M.W. Mansell / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.435276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.435276/lat -29.033333)">Collected</a> at light . Paratypes: 2♂ 4♀, NEUR09631, same data as holotype; 7♂ 6♀, NEUR09631, same locality but 1.x.1996, M.W. Mansell, C.H. Scholtz / collected at light; 11♂ 22♀, NEUR09630, same locality but 27.x.1996 / M.W. Mansell, C.H. Scholtz / Collected at light; 13♂ 13♀, NEUR09628, Bottom of Kouboomkloof, 6 Km S W of Aggeneys, 29°13’’30’S 18°47’’20’E, 6.xi.1996, E. Holm, C. Deschodt / Collected at light ; 1♂, NEUR08901, Rich- tersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.883333/lat -28.416666)">Cornell’s Kop</a>, 145 m, 28°25’S 16°53’E, (2816 Bd), 9.x.1974, M.W.Mansell / Collected at mercury vapour light, arid rocky terrain / Nemopterella africana (Leach, 1815) ♂, Det. M.W. Mansell, 1986 ; 2♂ 4♀, NEUR09826, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.916666/lat -28.116667)">Swartpoort</a>, 28°07’S 16°55’E, 100m, 7.x.1991, M.W. Mansell / Collected at light ; 3♀, NEUR09827, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.033333/lat -28.283333)">Richtersveld</a>, De Hoop Turnoff, 3 km E Die Koei, 28°17’S 17°02’E, 450 m, 6.x.1991, M.W. Mansell / Collect- ed at mercury vapour light; 2♀, NEUR09825, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.25/lat -28.716667)">Jenkins Kop</a>, 28°43’S 17°15’ E, 600 m, 9.x.1991, M.W. Mansell, R.G. Oberprieler / Collected at mercury vapour light ; 1♀, without accession No. Richtersveld, 27.xi.1986, G.Newlands ; 1♂, without accession No. 9 m W <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.731112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.253056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.731112/lat -29.253056)">Steinkopf</a> [29°15’11’’S 17°43’52’’E], 17.xi.1962, H.D. Brown, W.Furst. NAMIBIA, Karas Region. 11♂ 11♀, NEUR08944, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.116667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.966667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.116667/lat -27.966667)">Dabimub River Valley</a>, 27°58’S 17°07’E, 28.x.1999, M.W. Mansell, C.H.Scholtz / At light ; 2♂, NEUR09786, Orange / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.066668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.066668/lat -28.05)">Boom Rivers Confluence</a>, 28°03’S 17°04’E, 29.x.1999, M.W. Mansell, C.H. Scholtz; 4♂ 8♀, NEUR09823, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.7/lat -28.1)">Obib Poort</a>, 28°06’S 16°42’E, 1.xi.1999, M.W. Mansell, C.H. Scholtz / Mercury vapour light. All SANC</p><p>.</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is endemic to South Africa and Namibia (Fig. 32). In South Africa, it occurs in the Northern Cape Province in localities mainly centred in the Succulent and Nama Karoo Biomes. In the Succulent Karoo Biome, the species has been collected from the Richtersveld Bioregion where it is associated with Upper Annisvlakte Succulent, Bushmanland Inselberg, Umdaus Mountains Succulent, Central Richtersveld Mountain and the Stinkfonteinberge Eastern Apron Shrublands vegetation units, and associated with the Namaqualand Blomveld vegetation unit in Namaqualand Hardeveld Bioregion (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). (See the description of the habitats in these units under the distribution of A. parva, A. dyscrita, A. brinkmani, A. papio and A. munroi). In the Nama Karoo Biome, the range of distribution is mainly centred in the Bushmanland Sandy Grassland vegetation unit, Bushmanland Bioregion (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). See the description of the habitats in these units under the distribution of A. munroi . The range of distribution of this species extends north into the extension of the Succulent Karoo Biome of southern Namibia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A754FFA0FF0DFB9836E058E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A748FFA2FF0DF97335FF5A11.text	03DBDF51A748FFA2FF0DF97335FF5A11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siccanda Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Genus Siccanda Abdalla &amp; Mansell gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 62B00463- 8DE4-482C-8FE2-1C15297 F1189</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella Banks, 1910: 454 (partim)</p><p>Etymology. The genus name is derived from the Latin adjective siccaneus (dry soil) for the dry areas where the species occurs. Gender feminine as derived from the name of the type species.</p><p>Type species. Nemopterella arenaria Tjeder, 1967 (Fig. 29), designated here.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized species, distinguished by: (1) faintly visible light yellowish pterostigma (Fig. 24b); (2) blackish greyish body (Fig. 29); (3) terminal segment of antennae ending with acute bare tooth (Fig. 25); (4) faint brown shading over Cx (Fig. 29); (5) between 20–32 Cx; (6) indistinct body stripes (Figs 20, 28, 29), (7) subcostal, radial and anal areas never tinged (Figs 24 a); (8) costal cells before and beyond pterostigma never tinged (Fig. 24b); (9) whitish apical portion of hind wings clothed with white hairs (Fig. 27); (10) tergite 5 of abdomen with pleuritocavae (Fig. 20); (11) Frons above antennae with pair of yellow transverse spots along the postfrontal suture (Fig. 26); (12) ventral side of the thorax tinged dark brown.</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Male: body length 7.8 (6.5–10); forewing 21.9 (20.3–26.9); hind wing 49.1 (43.4–62); antenna 20.4 (18.9–24.3); Female: body length 9.8 (9.2–10.6); forewing 21.2 (20.3–21.9); hindwing 45.1 (43.4– 46.7); antenna 12.5 (11.1–12.8). (N = 47).</p><p>Head. Yellow, medium-sized with large prominent eyes that are relatively smaller and more widely separated in females than males. Vertex brown with yellow hind margin, distinctly broader in females than males. Frons above antennae markedly elevated with a pair of yellow transverse spots along postfrontal suture. Palpi brown. Antennae in males much longer than females, reaching beyond pterostigma, yellow proximally, darkened distally, covered in black setae becoming denser towards apex. Apical segment short, blackish, ending in acute bare tooth.</p><p>Thorax (Fig. 28). Shape as in Nemopterella . Markedly pruinose. Pronotum dark greyish brown without distinct stripes and with yellowish hind margin. Fore and hind margins covered in long, erect black hairs intermixed with long fine hairs. Fine, long white hairs situated behind the fore-margin hairs. Distal anterior lateral portions of pronotum covered in mixture of long black and white hairs. Setation in males much denser and longer than females. Mesonotum dark greyish with two greyish portions on anterior lateral sides of prescutum and central greyish yellow portion between prescutum and mesoscutellum. Mesonotum ventral sides tinged greyish dark brown. Mesonotum very hairy particularly on prescutum disc, densely covered with long hairs, mainly black on prescutum and mesoscutum and white in mesoscutellum, also with some white hairs admixed with the black hairs on the antero-lateral sides of prescutum and on mesoscutum disc. Metanotum yellowish with two clusters of long white hairs laterally. Legs as in Nemopterella but coxae tinged dark brown.</p><p>Forewings (Fig. 29). Broader in females than males with faintly greyish membrane. Males with slightly falcate apex and shallow emargination before apex, ending in a narrowly rounded apex while in females the apex is broadly rounded. Pterostigma small with light yellowish tinge. Costal cells, subcostal, radial and anal areas before and beyond pterostigma not tinged as in Nemia and N emopterella. Proximal Cx slightly shaded with brown. From 20–32 Cx present.</p><p>Abdomen (Fig. 20) as in Nemopterell a. Blackish with reddish yellow hind margins to tergites dorsally, without distinct stripes, yellowish ventrally. Setation different between sexes, long, dense and white in males, short, sparse and black in females.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A748FFA2FF0DF97335FF5A11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A74BFFA4FF0DFA2D34A65ECC.text	03DBDF51A74BFFA4FF0DFA2D34A65ECC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Siccanda arenaria (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Siccanda arenaria (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella arenaria Tjeder, 1967: 463 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, but probably from the Latin arenarius (of sand) referent to the dry sandy area in which this species occurs.</p><p>Type locality. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.65&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.65/lat -28.833334)">Vioolsdrif</a>, 28°50’S 17°39’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA</p><p>Diagnosis and description. As in genus.</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province: Holotype ♂ (Fig. 29), TMSA02061, HO- LOTYPE Neu 97, Nemopterella arenaria Tjeder (red–printed) / VIOOLSDRIF [28°50’S 17°39’E], 6-10.VIII.1961, van Son [G] &amp; Vari [L] (white – printed) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella arenaria, Bo Tjeder, 1966 (red – handwritten). (TMSA) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province: 8♂, NEUR10212, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.93861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.735277" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.93861/lat -28.735277)">Keimoes</a>, 28°44’07’’S 20°56’19’’E, 24.viii.2009, C.Deschodt, Handnetted ; 13♂ 1♀, NEUR11813, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.9375&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.735556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.9375/lat -28.735556)">Koms Farm</a>, 28°44’08’’S 20°56’15’’E, 730 m, 13.viii.2013, M.W.Mansell, J.B.Ball ; 2♂ 3♀, NEUR10212, same locality but 23.ix.2013, P.de Vos; 8♂, NEUR12534, same locality but 12–13.viii.2014, J.B.Ball, Handnetted; 2♂, NEUR09822, Namaqual- and, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.731112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.253056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.731112/lat -29.253056)">Steinkopf</a> [29°15’11’’S 17°43’52’’E], 3.ix.1986, R.Mijburgh (All SANC) . NAMIBIA, Karas District: 6♂, TMSA02199, Farm Bergland, Gaapmouth into <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.45" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.733334/lat -27.45)">Fish River</a>, 27°27’S 17°44’E, 826 m, 18.vii.2005, T.Bird / Nemopterella arenaria Tjeder, 1967 ♂, det. M.W.Mansell 2014; 1♂ 3♀, TMSA02196, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.7/lat -27.433332)">Witput Farm</a>, 27°26’S 17°42’E, 571 m, T.Bird / Nemopterella arenaria Tjeder, 1967 ♂, det. M.W.Mansell 2014 (All TMSA) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is endemic to South Africa and Namibia (Fig. 33). In South Africa, the species is known from localities in the Northern Cape Province that mainly fall within the Nama Karoo and Desert Biomes. The collection sites are in the Lower Gariep Broken Veld and Northern Nababiepsberge Mountain Desert vegetation units in the Bushmanland and West Griqualand and Gariep Desert Bioregions (Mucina &amp; Ruth- erford 2006). The habitat in the former vegetation unit is characterised by extreme aridity and summer rains. The topographic featuress are plains with sparse low hills and mountains; vegetated mostly by dwarf shrubs, perennial grasses, herbs and scattered low trees. While in the latter vegetation unit the habitat is montane interspersed by deep valleys, mostly vegetated by succulent trees, leaf-succulent shrubs and perennial herbs. It receives predominantly late summer / early autumn rains with mean annual precipitation 45–70 mm (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p><p>The species has also been recorded from sites located within the extension of the Nama Karoo Biome in Namibia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A74BFFA4FF0DFA2D34A65ECC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A74DFFA5FF0DF88E370958A0.text	03DBDF51A74DFFA5FF0DF88E370958A0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Genus Afroptera Abdalla &amp; Mansell gen. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E8B813D6-7EF4-41F1-AB14-239F3EAB8BF1</p><p>Etymology. The generic name is derived from the words Africa for the continent of Africa and part of the name Neuroptera since the genus is endemic to Africa.</p><p>The generic name Afroptera is feminine, despite the species name ( munroi) being masculine, as it was named after Hugh Kenneth Munro (Tjeder 1967).</p><p>Type species (Fig. 111). Nemopterella munroi Tjeder, 1967, designated here.</p><p>Diagnosis. Small to medium-sized species distinguished by: (1) Forewings hyaline without spots or shading between Cx, shading over proximal Cx towards wing base (Fig. 38b); (2) Subcostal and radial areas never shaded (Fig. 38b); (3) Pterostigma distinct comprising a single costal cell with yellowish brown or dark brown colour (Fig. 38a), adjacent costal cells before and after pterostigma never tinged (Fig. 38a); (4) Number of costal cells less than 30; (5) Hind wings with whitish area bearing white setae (Fig. 41); (6) Apical segment of antennae partly or mainly membranous (Fig. 39); (7) Fifth abdominal segment with pair of pleuritocavae (Fig. 34); (8) Anal area never tinged (Fig. 38 b).</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Male: body length 6.1–12.8; forewing 15.9–27.8; hindwing 31.7–64.8; antenna 11– 27.4; Female: body length 8.5–14.1; forewing 17–26.3; hindwing 35.2–60.0; antenna 9.4–18.7.</p><p>Head. Small to medium-sized, without pubescence, with long rostrum, broad vertex and well defined epicranial and postfrontal sutures (Fig. 40). Vertex much broader in females than males. In some species, vertex may have two yellow rounded spots near eye margins. Frons above antennae slightly elevated without transverse yellow spots as manifest in Nemia, Nemopterella and Siccanda . Eyes protruding, either large where their diameter equals length of genae or small less than length of genae and always widely separated. In males, antennae may be short not reaching pterostigma or long reaching beyond pterostigma or same length as forewings, covered with short setae arranged in circles over antennal surface. Apical segment of antennae partly or mainly membranous with narrow sclerotised, pigmented setaceous area at base of segment and along dorsal surface of membranous area (Fig. 39). In females, antennae short not reaching pterostigma with apical segment typically ending in short, acute membranous portion.</p><p>Thorax. As in Nemopterella but mid and lateral stripes indistinct or with unstriped thorax in some species. Thorax in males with long hairs while in females hairs are short and sparse. Legs as in Nemopterella .</p><p>Forewings. As in Nemopterella but proximal Cx in most species distinctly shaded brown or dark brown, with costal cells never shaded. Subcostal, radial and anal areas never tinged. Number of Cx less than 30. Pterostigma distinct comprising a single costal cell with brown or dark brown colour, adjacent costal cells before and after pterostigma usually not tinged except in some species females adjacent cells partly tinged. Hind wings with black setation from wing base to dark area with white setae in apical white portion.</p><p>Abdomen. As in Nemopterella but longitudinal midstripe only present in a few species, dorsum uniformly brown in most, dark brown or blackish with yellowish, reddish or reddish yellow hind margins to tergites (Fig. 34). Lateral abdominal stripes ill-defined in most cases or appearing as brown or greyish brown shading along lateral margins of tergite. Male and female genitalia as in Nemopterella .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A74DFFA5FF0DF88E370958A0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A74FFFA7FF0DF93F31E55812.text	03DBDF51A74FFFA7FF0DF93F31E55812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Key to males of Afroptera species</p><p>1. Forewings without emargination before apex, apex rounded (Figs 81, 134, 148, 149)................................ 2 - Forewings with slight or shallow emargination before apex, apex acute or sub-acute..............................….5 2. Small species (body length ≤ 8 mm, Figs 125, 130).......................................................... 3 - Large species (body length ≥ 9 mm, Fig. 150)............................................................... 4 3. Pronotum and mesonotum with distinct mid and lateral stripes (Fig. 100............................. A . parva (Tjeder) - Pronotum unstriped, mesonotum lacking the mid stripe (Fig. 101).................................. A. exigua (Tjeder) 4. Prescutum with black hairs (Fig. 52), thorax unstriped.......................................... A. koranna sp. nov. - Prescutum with white hairs (Fig. 97), thorax with three stripes................................... A. remifera (Tjeder)</p><p>5. Species extremely pruinose, body unstriped (Figs 43, 44, 113)................................................. 6</p><p>- Species slightly pruinose or without pruinose body, body stripes distinct or appearing as faint brown shading.............8</p><p>6. Species with greyish body appearance (Fig. 113)............................................. A. pruinosa (Tjeder)</p><p>- Species with whitish body appearance (Figs 43, 44)...........................................................7</p><p>7. Prescutum and mesonotum with white pubescence (Fig. 48), antennae whitish yellow proximally and darker distally, short not reaching pterostigma (Figs 43, 80), forewings with slight emargination before the apex, pterostigma long (Fig. 80)................................................................................................ A. alba sp. nov.</p><p>- Prescutum and mesonotum with black pubescence (Fig. 49), antennae yellow, long reaching pterostigma (Figs 44, 82), forewings with shallow emargination before apex, pterostigma short (Fig. 82)............................ A. balli sp. nov.</p><p>8. Small species (hindwing length &lt;49 mm, Figs 106, 107, 110)...................................................9</p><p>- Large species (hindwing length ≥ 49 mm).................................................................11</p><p>9. Antennae long reaching beyond pterostigma (Figs 85, 106), forewings elongate, tapering towards apex with acute tip (Fig. 85)................................................................................... A. maraisi sp. nov.</p><p>- Antennae short not reaching pterostigma (Fig. 110), forewings broad with short rounded apex (Figs 117, 120)............10</p><p>10. Head with yellowish brown vertex and rounded yellowish spots near eye margins (Fig. 142), prescutum with white pubescence (Fig. 105), antennae whitish yellow, apical segment very long much longer than penultimate segments (Figs 63, 110), hind wings with dark area shorter than white apical area (Fig. 110).................................... A. apicalis (Tjeder)</p><p>- Head with reddish vertex without yellowish spots near the eye margins (Fig. 141), prescutum with black pubescence (Fig. 103), antennae pale brown, apical segment large, approximately same length as penultimate segment (Fig. 65), hind wing dark area as long as white apical area (Fig. 107)..................................................... A. aequabilis (Tjeder)</p><p>11. Forewings elongate, with distinctly elongate rounded apex (Figs 79, 86)..........................................12</p><p>- Forewings elongate or broad, with acute, or sub-acute apex................................................... 13</p><p>12. Prescutum with long dense white hair on disc (Fig. 47)........................................... A. acuta sp. nov.</p><p>- Prescutum with long sparse black hair on disc (Fig. 46)........................................... A. folia sp. nov.</p><p>13. Prescutum with white pubescence (Figs 92, 93, 96, 99)....................................................... 14</p><p>- Prescutum with black pubescence (Figs 50, 90, 91, 94, 95, 98, 102)............................................ 21</p><p>14. With white pubescence on abdominal tergites and sternites (Fig. 147)........................................... 15</p><p>- With white pubescence on abdominal tergites and black hairs on sternites (Fig. 146).................... A. bitis (Tjeder)</p><p>15. Species with light grey thorax (Figs 51, 92, 93)............................................................. 16</p><p>- Species with yellow or yellowish brown thorax............................................................. 18</p><p>16. Vertex strongly concave, without yellow hind margin (Fig.143)................................. A. brinkmani sp. nov.</p><p>- Vertex not concave, with yellow hind margin (Fig. 144)...................................................... 17</p><p>17. Pronotum dark shaded only centrally, lateral stripes on mesonotum faintly indicated (Fig. 92), hind wings dark area as long as white apical area (Fig. 111).............................................................. .. A. munroi (Tjeder)</p><p>- Pronotum and mesonotum with distinct mid and lateral stripes (Fig. 93), dark area of hind wing much shorter than white apical area (Fig. 108)...................................................................... A. longicornis (Tjeder)</p><p>18. Forewings broad (Figs 127, 135)............................................................ A. lanata (Tjeder)</p><p>- Forewings elongate (Figs 137, 138, 139).................................................................. 19</p><p>19. Head uniformly reddish yellow, antennae reddish yellow (Fig. 131)............................................ 20</p><p>- Head pale yellowish brown, antennae yellowish (Fig. 123).................................... A. segregata (Tjeder)</p><p>20. Forewings with broad, short rounded apex and very slight emargination before apex (Figs 131, 139), the hind wing dark area approximaly as long as white apical area (Fig. 131).......................................... A. peringueyi (Tjeder)</p><p>- Forewings with short, narrow rounded apex and slight emargination before the apex (Figs 128, 137), the hind wing dark area shorter than white apical area (Fig. 128)..................................................... .. A. papio (Tjeder)</p><p>21. Abdomen with white hairs on dorsum and venter........................................................... 22</p><p>- Abdomen with white hairs on dorsum and black hairs on venter................................................24</p><p>22. Antennae yellow proximally dark distally, pronotum only with mid stripe (Fig. 109)................ .. A. olivacea (Tjeder)</p><p>- Antennae whitish yellow, pronotum with distinct mid and two lateral stripes......................................23</p><p>23. Forewings very broad with short rounded tip (Fig. 133)........................................ A. dyscrita (Tjeder)</p><p>- Forewings falcate, with sub-acute tip....................................................... A. leptocera (Navás)</p><p>24. Antennae long reaching beyond pterostigma (Figs 54, 112)....................................................25</p><p>- Antennae short not reaching pterostigma (Fig. 126).......................................................... 27</p><p>25. Mid and lateral stripes of pronotum and mesonotum of thorax distinct (Figs 90, 91, 94, 98).......................... 26</p><p>- Mid and lateral stripes on pronotum abbreviated to brown spots, mid stripe on prescutum appears as faint brown shading (Fig. 50)................................................................................. A. cylindrata sp. nov.</p><p>26. Vertex with pair of yellow spots near eye margins (Fig. 145)................................ ... A. nigrosetosa (Tjeder)</p><p>- Vertex without pair of yellow spots near eye margins........................................... A. sabuleti (Tjeder)</p><p>27. Forewings broad (Fig. 136)................................................................ A. obtusa (Tjeder)</p><p>- Forewings elongate (Fig. 140).............................................................. A. pilosa (Tjeder)</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A74FFFA7FF0DF93F31E55812	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A743FFADFF0DF93936CC5E67.text	03DBDF51A743FFADFF0DF93936CC5E67.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera acuta Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera acuta Abdalla &amp; Mansell sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 42, 47, 56, 79, 154)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 89846189-3B15-4AD8-9647-E56872D4075E</p><p>Etymology: The specific epithet from the Latin word acuta (acute, sharp) for the acute tip to the forewings.</p><p>Type locality. NAMIBIA, Karas Region. Orange / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.066668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.066668/lat -28.033333)">Boom River</a> Confluence, 28°02’S 17°04’E .</p><p>Diagnosis. A large species. General body colour greyish (Fig. 42). This unique species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by the elongate forewings with remarkably elongated rounded tip (Figs 42, 79).</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Male: body length 9.6 (9–10.9); forewing 24 (22.4–25.4); hind wing 53.8 (46.4–56.5); antenna 21 (18.8–22.8), Female: body length 10.5 (9–12.5); forewing 20.9 (20–23.5); hind wing 45.2 (42.4–52.2); antenna 14.2 (12.9–16.4). Holotype ♂, body length 9.0; forewing 22.4; hind wing 46.4; antenna 20.3.</p><p>Head. Clypeus yellow. Vertex yellowish brown with yellow hind margin and pair of rounded yellowish spots near eye margins. Palpi dark brown. Eyes large. Antennae yellow in proximal portion, light yellowish brown distally, extending beyond pterostigma, with short black setae (Fig. 42); apical segment longer than preapical segments and mostly membranous (Fig. 56).</p><p>Thorax. Greyish, distinctly powdered (Fig. 47). Longitudinal midstripe only traceable centrally on pronotum near hind margin as dark brown shading while lateral stripes shortened to brown transverse spots laterally on either side of pronotum near hind margin. Fore and hind margins of pronotum with erect, long black hairs intermixed with long white hairs. Fine and long white hairs scattered on disc. Long white hairs combined with long black hairs also present laterally. Longitudinal mid and the lateral stripes on mesonotum appear as faint brown shading. Prescutum entirely covered in dense long white hairs dorsally with two clusters of long, stiff white hairs present antero-later- ally. Long, sparse white hairs cover mesoscutum disc with two tufts of sparse long white hairs present laterally along hind margin of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum bearing a few short, white hairs on disc and two tufts of long white hairs laterally on each side of mesoscutellum. Metanotum with two groups of long white hairs laterally.</p><p>Forewings. Slender, elongate, with pronounced rounded apex and shallow emargination before apex (Fig. 79). Venation light brown. Costa whitish, proximal Cx shaded light brown. Costal cells increasing in size towards pterostigma. Pterostigma dark brown, broad at base, long but not reaching C. Twenty Cx before pterostigma in both wings. Ten crossveins between R and M before origin of Rs in right wing, 9 in left. Eleven radial crossveins before pterostigma in right wing, 9 in left. Hind wings light brown to creamy white in proximal half before the dark area. Crossveins shaded brown. Longitudinal veins creamy white to light brown. The dark area brown, shorter than white area and apical area white haired. Legs yellow with black hairs.</p><p>Abdomen. Brown, pruinose, with yellowish brown hind margins to tergites. Tergites with long white hairs, denser and longer laterally on each tergite. Venter with sparse, short, white hairs. Apex with black hairs.</p><p>Variation. Some males have a very shallow emargination before apex of forewings.</p><p>Type material examined. NAMIBIA, Karas Region. Holotype ♂, NEUR08943, Orange / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.066668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.066668/lat -28.033333)">Boom River</a> Con- fluence, 28°02’S 17°04’E, 29.x.1999, M.W.Mansell, C.H.Scholtz . Paratype s: 5♂ 4♀, same data as holotype. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. The range of distribution of this species is in the Desert Biome (Fig. 154). The col- lection locality falls within the Noms Mountain Desert vegetation unit in the Gariep Desert Bioregion (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). The area is situated in the southernmost part of Namibia, it is montane consisting of low mountains and sparse succulent shrub type vegetation. It receives winter and summer rains with a mean annual precipitation of 40–60 mm (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A743FFADFF0DF93936CC5E67	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A744FFADFF0DFEF435525941.text	03DBDF51A744FFADFF0DFEF435525941.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera aequabilis (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera aequabilis (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 65, 103, 107, 117, 153)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella aequabilis Tjeder, 1967: 483 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown.</p><p>Type locality. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.801666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.420834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.801666/lat -29.420834)">Prieska</a>, 17 miles north, 29°25’15’’S 22°48’06’’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is most closely related to A. apicalis . Both species are small with a narrow rounded apex to forewing (Figs 117, 120). Afroptera aequabilis can be distinguished from A. apicalis by the following characteristics: A. aequabilis is characterised by having pale brownish antennae while the antennae in A. apicalis are whitish yellow; A. aequabilis has black hairs on the prescutum disc (Fig. 103) while in A. apicalis the prescutum disc is covered by white hairs (Fig. 105); A. aequabilis is characterised by having the dark area of the hind wing as long as white apical area (Fig. 107), while in A. apicalis the dark area is shorter than the white (Fig. 110).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 10.3 (8.9–10.7); forewing 20.9 (18.2–22); hind wing 46.1 (36–48); antenna 14.4 (12–18.8). Female: body length 10.8 (9.4–11.3); forewing 20.3 (17–22); hind wing 43.4 (36–46); antenna 13.6 (10.4–14.9). (N = 46)</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂, TMSA02057, HOLO- TYPE, Neu 062, Nemopterella aequabilis Tjeder (red, printed) / Prieska 17 m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.801666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.420834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.801666/lat -29.420834)">North</a> of [29°25’15’’S 22°48’06’’E], 7–8.x.1954, A.J.T.Janse (white, printed) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella aequabilis Tjed, Bo Tjeder 1966 (red–hand-written). Paratype s: 19♀, same data as holotype; 4♀, TMSA02058, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.836945&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.326946" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.836945/lat -29.326946)">Niekerkshoop</a> [29°19’37’’S 22°50’13’’E], 18.x.1955, H.K.Munro (white, printed) / Paratypus Nemopterella aequabilis Tjed 1966 ’ (red, handwritten). ( All TMSA) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province: 4♂ 19♀, TMSA02057, Prieska 17 m north of [29°25’15’’S 22°48’06’’E], 7.viii.1954, A.J.T.Janse / Det. M.W.Mansell 2013. (TMSA) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Afroptera aequabilis is known only from the Nama Karoo Biome in the Northern Cape Province (Fig. 153). The distribution falls mainly within the Lower Gariep Broken Veld and Northern Upper Karoo vegetation units in Bushmanland and Upper Karoo Bioregions, respectively (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). The description of the habitat in the former vegetation unit is given under the distribution of S. arenaria . The habitat in the latter vegetation unit is in a flat area with sparse hills, vegetated mostly by dwarf karoo shrubs, grasses and Acacia mellifera sub sp. detinens with some low trees in the north and towards the Orange River (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A744FFADFF0DFEF435525941	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A744FFAFFF0DF9CF372C5DEC.text	03DBDF51A744FFAFFF0DF9CF372C5DEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera alba Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera alba Mansell &amp; Abdalla sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 43, 48, 57, 80, 154)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 1B6BA035-4222-4A6C-AB27-5E476F43819B</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word alba (white) for the characteristic pale coloration of this species.</p><p>Type locality. NAMIBIA, Karas Region. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.901667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.876112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.901667/lat -24.876112)">Kwessiewater Farm</a>, 24°52’34’’S 15°54’06’’E .</p><p>Diagnosis. This unique species is easily differentiated from all other species in Afroptera by its small size, the whitish body appearance and unstriped body (Fig. 43).</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Male: body length 8.9 (8.6–9.3); forewing 20.5 (20–21.6); hind wing 46.6 (43.8–48.4); antenna 14.3 (12.8–15.3). Female: body length 9.7 (8.5–11.4); forewing 21 (20–22.8); hind wing 42.3 (39.6–46.9); antenna 10.3 (9.4–11.5). Holotype ♂. Body length 9.5; forewing 22.4; hind wing 48.1; antenna 15.3. (N = 10)</p><p>Head. Frons, clypeus light yellow. Genae and maxilla creamy white. Palpi light brown. Vertex light yellowish brown. Eyes small, black, widely separated. Antennae short, not reaching pterostigma, whitish yellow proximally, darkish brown distally with black setae. Terminal segment mainly membranous and approximately same length as penultimate segment (Fig. 57).</p><p>Thorax. White, heavily powdered, without distinct longitudinal mid and lateral stripes (Fig. 48). Fore and hind margins of pronotum with long white hairs and no black hairs. Sparse smooth white hairs present behind anterior hairs on fore margin. Distal lateral sides also with long white hairs. Whole mesonotum with white pubescence, markedly longer and denser on antero-lateral portions and on disc of prescutum than mesoscutum and mesoscutellum. Sides of mesoscutum naked except for a few short white hairs posteriorly on each side. Two tufts of long white hairs also present laterally on hind margin of the mesocutllum. Metanotum with two groups of long white hairs laterally on each side.</p><p>Forewings. Broad with sub-acute apex and distinct emargination before the apex (Fig. 80). Pterostigma brown, long but not reaching C. Venation light brown. Costa whitish. Subcosta and R creamy yellowish. Two thirds of Cx before pterostigma shaded with dark brown. Costal cells increasing in size towards pterostigma. Nineteen Cx before pterostigma in right wing, 20 in left. Nine crossveins between R and M before origin of Rs in right wing, 8 in left. Ten radial crossveins before pterostigma in right wing, 9 in left. Hind wings approximately double the length of forewings. Proximal portions and bases whitish yellow, creamy white to light brown in the middle with cells shaded brown. Area before dark area whitish with white cells. The dark area shorter than white area. Crossveins dark brown, longitudinal veins creamy white. Legs yellow with black setae, first tarsomere white, coxae pruinose, with short white hairs.</p><p>Abdomen. Predominantly white, highly pruinose with whitish yellow hind margin to tergites. The longitudinal mid and lateral stripes indistinct. Tergites covered in scattered long white hairs. Venter with short dense white hairs. Apex yellow with long black hairs.</p><p>Variation. The thorax in some female specimens with white hairs only, and some variation in the number of Cx.</p><p>Type material examined. NAMIBIA, Karas Region. Holotype ♂, Kwessiewater Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.901667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.876112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.901667/lat -24.876112)">Namib Rand Game Park</a>, 24°52’34’’S 15°54’06’’E, 900 m, 2–10.x.2011, C.H.Scholtz . Paratypes: 4♂ 5 ♀, same data as holotype. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Afroptera alba is endemic to Namibia where its distribution is in the Namib Desert Eco-region (Fig. 154). The collection site is in the Namib Desert west of the Great Escarpment. The area is mostly gravel plains, sand dunes and scattered mountain outcrops, vegetated mostly by grasses, shrubs, and ephemeral plants near the escarpment with sparse trees (Nicholson 2011).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A744FFAFFF0DF9CF372C5DEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A746FFAFFF0DFD7836EA5845.text	03DBDF51A746FFAFFF0DFD7836EA5845.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera apicalis (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera apicalis (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 63, 105, 110, 120, 152)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella apicalis Tjeder, 1967: 487 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, probably from the Latin word “ apicalis ” (apical) for the very long terminal segment of the antennae.</p><p>Type locality. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.097223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.338612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.097223/lat -29.338612)">Marydale</a>, 5 miles north, 29°20’19’’S 22°05’50’’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera apicalis is probably the sister species to A. aequabilis . Similarities and differences between the two species are given in the diagnosis of A. aequabilis .</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 9.5 (8.5–10.2); forewing 23.3 (19–24.6); hind wing 47.8 (40–50.7); antenna 17.4 (14–18.5); Female: body length 11 (8.8–13.2); forewing 22.4 (19–24.8); hind wing 48.4 (39–52.6); antenna 12.4 (10.1–14.8). (N = 17)</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 110), TMSA02060 . HOLOTYPE Neu 090 Nemopterella apicalis Tjeder ♂ (red printed label) / MARYDALE, 5 m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.097223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.338612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.097223/lat -29.338612)">North</a> of [29°20’19’’S 22°05’50’’E], 9–10.X.1954, A.J.T.Janse (white printed label) / Holotypus ♂ Nemopterella apicalis Tjed, Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). Paratype: 1♀ same data as holotype. (Both TMSA) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 1♂ 4#, NEUR 11241 and 1♂ 1♀, NEUR 11244, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.390833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.53861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.390833/lat -29.53861)">Lang Hoogte Mine Office</a>, 29°32’19’’S 17°23’27’’E, 100 m, 27.xi.1996, A.J.van Wyk ; 4♂ 4♀, NEUR11243, same data but 1.xii.1996. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is endemic to the Northern Cape Province of South Africa (Fig. 152). The present distribution is in two regions. One region falls within the Namaqualand Hardeveld Bioregion in the Succulent Karoo where the habitat is dry, typified by winter rains and vegetated by mostly dwarf succulent shrubs. The other region is located to the east of first one in the Bushmanland Bioregion in the Nama Karoo Biome where the habitat is also dry, receives predominantly summer rains and is dominated by grasses of the Bushmanland Arid Grassland type (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A746FFAFFF0DFD7836EA5845	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A746FF91FF0DF8D631565BAB.text	03DBDF51A746FF91FF0DF8D631565BAB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera balli Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera balli Abdalla &amp; Mansell sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 44, 49, 61, 82, 154)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A492C091-5ED4-47AD-B8DD-55EA165CD174</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Female: body length 10.5 (9.9–11.5); forewing 23.9 (22.7–24.7); hind wing 52.2 (47.9–54.6); antenna 13.9 (13.1–15.4). Holotype ♂ (Fig. 44), body length 10.2; forewing 26.4; hind wing 63.1; antenna 22.9. (N = 5)</p><p>Head. Rich yellow, with light yellowish brown vertex. Eyes small, widely separated. Antennae yellow, long, reaching pterostigma, with black setae. Apical segment much longer than preapical segments, mainly membranous (Fig. 61).</p><p>Thorax. Whitish, pruinose (Fig. 49). Only the longitudinal midstripe discernible on pronotum and mesoscutellum while midstripe on prescutum and lateral stripes on mesoscutum indistinct. The midstripe on pronotum forms a dark brown portion centrally in posterior half of pronotum while lateral stripes appear as two small transverse brown spots laterally on each side of pronotum. Stiff long black hairs intermingled with a few soft long white hairs present on fore and hind margins of pronotum, with soft long dense white hairs present behind these. Distal anterior sides of pronotum bear erect black hairs intermingled with long white hairs. Prescutum covered dorsally by long black hairs and antero-laterally by two groups of long black hairs intermixed with long white hairs. Long soft white hairs present along lateral sides of prescutum. Mesoscutum covered on disc by sparse, long white hairs admixed with a few long black hairs. Two tufts of long white hairs present on each side of prescutum. Midstripe on mesoscutellum manifest as dark midline centrally. Mesoscutellum with sparse short white hairs and two tufts of long white hairs on each side. Metanotum markedly pruinose with two tufts of long white hairs on each side. Legs yellow with black setae, tip of femora and tibiae tinged light brown. Coxae pruinose but mid and hind coxae more pruinose than fore coxae.</p><p>Forewings. Elongate, tapering towards apex, sub-acute with emargination before apex (Fig. 82). Pterostigma light brown, short, not reaching C. Venation yellow. Costa whitish, SC and R light brown. Proximal Cx shaded light brown. Costal cells increase in size towards pterostigma. In holotype, 26 Cx before pterostigma in both forewings. Eleven crossveins present between R and M before origin of Rs in both forewings. Eleven radial crossveins before pterostigma in right wing, 10 in left. Hind wings creamy white proximally, light brown before dark area. The portion just before dark area white. Longitudinal veins creamy white. Crossveins shaded faintly light brown. Dark area dark brown, shorter than white area.</p><p>Abdomen. Greyish, markedly powdered particularly at sides and venter, with longitudinal brown midstripe very distinct on tergites 3–7. Hind margin of tergites yellowish. Tergites with long white hairs, sternite 2 with short white hairs, sternites 3–9 black haired. Apex yellow, pruinose with stiff long black hairs.</p><p>Variation. No observed variation between female specimens.</p><p>Type material examined. NAMIBIA, Karas Region. Holotype ♂, NEUR08932, Sendlingsdrift Gate, 28°04’S 16°49’E, 31.x.1999, M.W.Mansell, C.H.Scholtz. Paratypes: 4♀, same data as holotype. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is known only from Namibia (Fig. 154). The range of distribution falls within the Nama Karoo Biome’s extension into southern Namibia. The habitat is dry, vegetated mostly by low shrubs, grasses, succulents and annual forbs. It receives predominantly summer rains (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A746FF91FF0DF8D631565BAB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A77AFF94FF0DF8AA37095A74.text	03DBDF51A77AFF94FF0DF8AA37095A74.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera bitis (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera bitis (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 64, 89, 104, 146, 152)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella bitis Tjeder, 1967: 465 .</p><p>Etymology. From the town of Pofadder (type locality) that was named after a well known and widespread African snake, Bitis arietans, whose common Afrikaans name is “Pofadder” or “puff adder” in English.</p><p>Type locality. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.383333/lat -29.116667)">Pofadder</a>, 29°07’S 19°23’E .</p><p>Type depository. ZILS .</p><p>Diagnosis. Adults of A. bitis resemble those of A. dyscrita in their large body size and broad forewings (Fig. 89), but A. bitis can easily be distinguished from A. dyscrita by a combination of the following characters: A. bitis has dense white hairs over the whole thorax (Fig. 104) while in A. dyscrita the prescutum is covered in stiff black hairs (Fig. 102). Moreover, A. bitis has long antennae that reach the pterostigma (Fig. 89) while in A. dyscrita they do not (Fig. 129).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 9.8 (8–11.7); forewing 23.6 (18.7–27.0); hind wing 55.7 (41.1–64.8); antenna 21.7 (17–25.5); Female: body length 11.2 (9.3–13.7); forewing 22.7 (19.2–26.3); hind wing 49.4 (42–55.6); antenna 15.2 (12.3–18.2). (N = 319).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 89) labelled: Cape Prov, Pofadder, 9.XI.1950, P.Brinck, G.Rudebeck, På lijus [on light] / Holotypus ♂ Nemopterella bitis Tjed, Bo Tjeder 1966 ’ (red printed label) / MZLU Type no. 3845:1 (ZILS) . Paratypes: 4♀, TMSA02062, Paratype Neu 094, Nemopterella bitis Tjeder (yellow printed label) / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.395555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.126112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.395555/lat -29.126112)">Pofadder</a> [29°07’34’’S 19°23’44’’E], 17.x.1954, A.J.T.Janse (white printed label) / Paratypus, Nemopterella bitis Tjed, Bo Tjeder, 1966 (red handwritten label). (TMSA) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 2♂, TMSA00729, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.166666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.433332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.166666/lat -28.433332)">Richtersveld</a>, 7 km SW Claim Peak, 28°26’S 17°10’E, 23.ix.1991, M.Krüger / Nemopterella bitis Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013; 1♂ 1♀, TMSA00753, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.395555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.126112" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.395555/lat -29.126112)">Pofadder</a> [29°07’34’’S 19°23’44’’E], 17.x.1954, A.J.T.Janse / Nemopterella bitis Tjed- er, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013; 1♂ 1♀, TMSA00758, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.150833&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.349167" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.150833/lat -29.349167)">Kenhardt</a> 6 km W [29°20’57’’S 21°09’03’’E], 12.x.54, A.J.T.Janse. (All TMSA) . 9♂, NEUR09772 and 16♀, NEUR09783, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.433332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.433332/lat -29.033333)">Kabas Farm</a>, 10 km NE Pofadder, 29°02’S 19°26’E, 800m, 1.xi.1986, M.W.Mansell ; 143♂ 47♀, NEUR08925, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.983334/lat -28.283333)">Die Koei</a>, 28°17’S 16°59’E, 400m, 1–6.x.1991, M.W.Mansell, R.G.Oberprieler / Collected at light ; 50♂ 33♀, NEUR08927, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.033333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.033333/lat -28.283333)">De Hoop</a> turnoff, 3 km E Die Koei, 28°17’S 17°02’E, 450m, 6.x.1991, M.W.Mansell / Collected at light ; 1♀, NEUR08928, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.183332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.183332/lat -28.416666)">Hakkiesdoringhoek</a>, 28°25’S 17°11’E, 500m, 2.x.1991, M.W.Mansell, R.G.Oberprieler . NAMIBIA, Karas Region. 7♂ 2♀, NEUR10209, ‘ Boom River Canyon 4 km N Orange (ESE of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.05/lat -28.0)">Rosh Pinah</a>), 28°00’S 17°03’E, 200m, 25.x.1996, E.Holm, at gas light .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Afroptera bitis is endemic to the Northern Cape Province, South Africa, from localities mainly centred in the Richtersveld and Bushmanland Bioregions (Fig. 152). The Bioregions fall mainly within the Succulent and Nama Karoo Biomes. The habitats vary from arid mountainous desert with a succulent vegetation type and winter rains in the Richtersveld Bioregion to arid habitats dominated by shrubs and grass, characterized by late summer rains in Bushmanland (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A77AFF94FF0DF8AA37095A74	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A77DFF96FF0DFA01314659F8.text	03DBDF51A77DFF96FF0DFA01314659F8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera cylindrata Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera cylindrata Abdalla &amp; Mansell sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 50, 54, 60, 83, 154)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B76C99C0-B966-4863-995F-D2ACE5F0DAD6</p><p>Etymology. The name of this species is derived from the Latin adjective cylindrata (cylindrical) for its markedly slender elongate forewings, which resemble a cylinder in profile.</p><p>Type locality. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Richtersveld National Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.883333/lat -28.416666)">Cornell’s Kop</a>, 28°25’S 16°53’E .</p><p>Diagnosis. A medium-sized species (Fig. 54). General colouration yellow. This species can readily be distinguished from all other Afroptera species by the elongate slender forewings (Figs 54, 83).</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Male: body length 9.3 (8–10.7); forewing 23.6 (20.3–26.4); hind wing 53.4 (45–63.4); antenna 20.8 (18.5–22.8); Female: body length 10.9 (8.5–13.1); forewing 23.4 (22.4–26.3); hind wing 50.2 (44.4– 57.3); antenna 14.8 (12.5–18.7). Holotype ♂: body length 9.2, forewing 22.6, hind wing 53.4, antenna 22. (N = 37)</p><p>Head. Frons and clypeus yellow. Vertex brown with pale yellowish hind margin. Palpi dark brown. Antennae brown proximally, dark brown distally, long, almost as long as forewings (Figs 54, 83), with black setae. Apical segment mainly membranous and longer than penultimate segment (Fig. 60).</p><p>Thorax. Yellow, pruinose (Fig. 50). Pronotum with ill-defined longitudinal mid and lateral stripes. Midstripe appears as central shading at hind margin of pronotum while the lateral stripes form two transverse brown spots posteriorly. Fore and hind margins with erect long black hairs, with smooth long white hairs spread behind fore margin hairs. Long white hairs admixed with long, black hairs cover distal anterior lateral sides of pronotum. Prescutum midstripe appears as faint brown shading centrally. Antero-lateral side of prescutum covered with long, rigid black hairs admixed with a few long white hairs, disc covered in dense long black hairs. Mesoscutum with distinct dark brown lateral stripes, disc covered with long (but not longer than on prescutum), stiff black hairs; pleurites pruinose with two clusters of smooth long hairs on each side of mesoscutum.Area between pre- and mesoscutum dark brown. Mesoscutellum with distinct dark brown longitudinal midstripe. Short white hairs spread over disc. Long white hairs present posterior-laterally. Metanotum with two clusters of long white hairs on each side.</p><p>Forewings. Elongate, slender, with acute apex, slightly emarginated before apex (Figs 54, 83). Venation brown. Costa whitish, other veins yellowish brown, proximal Cx shaded brown. Proximal costal cells increase in size towards pterostigma. Pterostigma brown, broad basally, long but not reaching C. In holotype, 23 Cx present before pterostigma in right wing, 24 in left. Nine crossveins between R and M before origin of Rs in right wing, 12 in left. Eleven radial crossveins before pterostigma in right wing, 9 in left. Hind wings brown. Portion just before dark area lighter than proximal portion. Crossveins shaded light brown. Dark area dark brown, shorter than white area. Legs yellow with short yellow hairs. Coxae pruinose, with black hairs. Apices of femora tinged dark brown.</p><p>Abdomen. Greyish, pruinose, particularly laterally on tergites and venter. Dorsum dark brown with yellowish hind margin to tergites, with long white hairs. A few long black hairs intermingled with white hairs present on tergites 5–9. Venter with sparse short black hairs. Apex with long black hairs.</p><p>Variation. Some males have white hairs intermixed with black hairs on the thorax. Some males also have a more acute tip to the forewings.</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂, NEUR08906, Richters- veld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.416666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.883333/lat -28.416666)">Cornells Kop</a>, 28°25’S 16°53’E, (2816 Bd), 145m, 9.x.1974, M.W.Mansell, H.D.Brown / Collected at mercury vapour light, arid rocky terrain . Paratypes: 14♂ 7♀, same data as holotype. (SANC) . NAMIBIA, Karas Region. 8♂ 5♀ NEUR08931, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.7&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.1" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.7/lat -28.1)">Obib Poort</a>, 28°06’S 16°42’E, 1.xi.1999, M.W.Mansell, C.H.Scholtz, light ; 1♂ 1♀, NEUR12587, Diamond Area no. 1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.316668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.766666/lat -27.316668)">Klinghardtberge</a>, 27°19’S 15°46’E, (2715 Bd), 20 / 21.x.1974, M.W.Mansell, H.D.Brown / Collected at mercury vapour light, arid rocky terrain. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is known from three localities in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa and southern Namibia (Fig. 154). The range is mainly centred in the Richtersveld Bioregion of the Succulent Karoo Biome (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). (See description of the habitat under distribution of A. parva).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A77DFF96FF0DFA01314659F8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A77FFF97FF0DF895372D5C50.text	03DBDF51A77FFF97FF0DF895372D5C50.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera dyscrita (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera dyscrita (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 77, 102, 129, 133, 151)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella dyscrita Tjeder, 1967: 467 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown.</p><p>Type locality. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.133333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.4/lat -29.133333)">Pofadder</a>, 29°08’S 19°24’E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera dyscrita is most closely related to A. bitis . Similarity and differences between these two species are provided in the diagnosis of A. bitis .</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 8.7 (8–10.3); forewing 21.4 (20.6–23.2); hind wing 46.2 (42.5–50.8); antenna 15.3 (14.6–16.7); Female: body length 10.9 (10–12.2); forewing 22.8 (21.1–25.9); hind wing 48.2 (43–54); antenna 15.2 (13.3–15.9). (N = 27)</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 129), SAM–NEU– A001249 / Holotypus Nemopterella dyscrita Tjed, Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label) / Pofadder, Bushmanland, Oct. 1939, Museum Staff (white printed label). Allotype ♀, SAM–NEU–A001250 / Allotypus ♀ Nemopterella dyscrita Tjed, Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label), same data as holotype. (Both SAMC) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 9♂ 16♀, NEUR09619, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.433332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.033333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.433332/lat -29.033333)">Kabas Farm</a>, 10 km NE Pofadder, 29°02’S 19°26’E, 800m, 27.x.1996, M.W.Mansell, C.H.Scholtz. (SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is known from only one locality in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa (Fig. 151). The locality is situated in the north of the Bushmanland Bioregion within the Nama Karoo Biome where the habitat is arid consisting of isolated mountains and flat plains, dominated by Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubs that comprise succulent and non-succulent shrub components. The area receives late summer rains with an average below 100 mm per year (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A77FFF97FF0DF895372D5C50	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A77EFF97FF0DFCED30FE5898.text	03DBDF51A77EFF97FF0DFCED30FE5898.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera exigua (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera exigua (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 75, 101, 130, 134, 155)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella exigua Tjeder, 1967: 493 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, probably from the Latin word exigua (small) for its small size.</p><p>Type locality: SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.534721&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.330833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.534721/lat -33.330833)">Klaarstroom</a>, 33°19’51’’S 22°32’05’’E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera exigua is very similar in appearance to A. parva and A. koranna sp. nov., due to its small size, rounded apex of the forewings (Fig. 134), short antennae and black hairs on prescutum. It can however, be easily distinguished from the former species by the unstriped pronotum (Fig. 101), short apical antennal segment (Fig. 75) and darkened tips of femurs, and from the latter by having a different shape to the apical antennal segment and by the white pubescence on the mesoscutum and mesoscutellum instead of the black hairs that are present in A. koranna sp. nov.</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 7.7 (7–8.3); forewing 20 (17.5–22.5); hind wing 39.8 (35–44.6); antenna 13.5 (11–15.9). (N = 2).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 130), SAM–NEU– A001251 / Klaarstroom, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.333332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.533333/lat -33.333332)">Prince Albert District</a>, [33°20’S 22°32’E], Mus Expd, Oct 1952 (white printed label) / Holotypus Nemopterella exigua Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (SAMC) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. 1♂, NEUR12588, Middeldrif Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.270555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.05361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.270555/lat -33.05361)">Laingsburg District</a>, 33°03’13’’S 21°16’14’’E, 708m, at light, 18.x.2009, A.P.Marais ; 1♀, NEUR12589, Wamaker- skraal Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.611944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.023335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.611944/lat -33.023335)">Laingsburg Dist.</a>, 33°01’24’’S 21°36’43’’E, 550m, 11.x.2008, J.B.Ball, A.P.Marais (SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Afroptera exigua has a limited distribution restricted to the Western Cape Province, South Africa (Fig. 155). The collection localities fall within the Rainshadow Valley and Lower Karoo Bioregions in the Succulent and Nama Karoo Biomes respectively (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). The habitat in the former bioregion is mostly flat to undulating land with Heuweltjies (small hills) formations and series of hills, dominated mostly by succulent shrubs, herbs and low shrubs. The area is characterised by low MAP (165 mm) because of the rainshadow of the Swartberg Mountains. While in the latter bioregion the species seems to be associated with dry habitats of undulating lands of mud and sandstone soils, mostly dominated by a Gamka Karoo vegetation type where the main components are dwarf spiny shrubs, Karoo shrubs and sparse low trees. The area receives autumn and summer rains with an average of 100–250 mm per year (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A77EFF97FF0DFCED30FE5898	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A771FF9CFF0DFF1C354C5D24.text	03DBDF51A771FF9CFF0DFF1C354C5D24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera folia Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera folia Abdalla &amp; Mansell sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 46, 55, 59, 86, 154)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3B07688D-C0FA-4965-A1DA-EA0 FEB27 BF60</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Male: body length 10.1 (9–11.5); forewing 23.9 (22.5–26.8); hind wing 55.3 (49.8– 63.5); antenna 22.1 (20.8–25.3); Female: body length 10.2 (9.4–10.9); forewing 21.3 (18.9– 23.6); hind wing 42.5 (37.3–47.7); antenna 13.7 (11.5–15.9). Holotype ♂ (Fig. 55); Body length 9.6; forewing 23.7; antenna 21.7; hind wing 52.9. (N = 8).</p><p>Head. Yellow. Vertex brown with yellow hind margin and two pale yellowish spots near eye margins. Palpi yellowish brown. Eyes large, widely separated. Antennae yellow proximally, yellowish brown distally, long, extending beyond pterostigma, covered in black setae longer in distal portion (Figs 55, 86). Apical segment longer than penultimate segment, mainly membranous (Fig. 59).</p><p>Thorax. Light yellow to creamy white, pruinose (Fig. 46). The midstripe on pronotum manifest as a brown central portion in posterior half of pronotum, while lateral stripes appear as two transverse brown spots lateral to midline. Fore and hind margins with erect long, black hairs intermixed with a few short white hairs. Very fine short white hairs spread behind black hairs on fore margin. Long erect black hairs spread with some long white hairs on each distal lateral side of pronotum. Prescutum with faintly visible midstripe appearing as light brown shading, disc with sparse, long black hairs, long black hairs present anterior-laterally admixed with a few long white hairs. Long white hairs also present along lateral sides of prescutum. Area between prescutum and mesoscutum dark brown. Mesoscutum with distinct dark brown lateral stripes, covered in long sparse white hair, two tufts of long white hairs spread posteriorly at each side of mesoscutum. Mesoscutellum unstriped, with sparse, long white hairs, but not longer than prescutum hairs. Two tufts of short hairs present posteriorly on each side of the mesoscutellum. Two tufts of long white hairs present laterally on each side of metanotum. Legs yellow with black setae. Coxae with intermingled white and black setae. Dorsal surface of femur tinged brown.</p><p>Forewings. Elongate, with extended rounded apex and distinct broad emargination before apex (Fig. 86). Venation brown, C whitish, proximal Cx shaded brown, costal cells increase in size towards pterostigma. Pterostigma dark brown, short. In holotype male, 20 Cx before pterostigma in right wing, 21 in left. Nine crossveins between R and M before Rs in both wings. Eleven radial crossveins before pterostigma in right wing, 10 in left. Hind wings yellowish brown proximally, brown in middle portion before dark area. Crossveins shaded light brown. Costal cells tinged brown. Longitudinal veins brown. Dark area dark brown, shorter than white area. Legs yellow with black hairs, femoral apices tinged dark brown.</p><p>Abdomen. Greyish, pruinose, tergites with yellow hind margins. Dorsum and venter with white hairs, denser, longer on dorsum than venter. Apex yellowish brown with long black hairs.</p><p>Variation. Some males have a shorter pterostigma than others.</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂, NEUR08905, Richters- veld, Blackie’s Prospect, 145 m, 28°18’S 17°07’E, (2817Ac), 11.x.1974, M.W.Mansell. Paratypes: 5♂ 2♀, same data as holotype. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is known from one locality in the Richtersveld Bioregion in the Succulent Karoo Biome (Fig. 154). The collection site falls within the Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland vegetation unit in the Richtersveld Bioregion. (See description of the habitat in this vegetation unit under the distribution of A. munroi).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A771FF9CFF0DFF1C354C5D24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A777FF9EFF0DFEC837245B4A.text	03DBDF51A777FF9EFF0DFEC837245B4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera lanata (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera lanata (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 127, 135, 155)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella lanata Tjeder, 1967: 485 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, probably from the Latin word lanata (woolly) for its hairy thorax.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.25/lat -34.0)">Riversdale Mountains</a>, 34°00’S 21°15’E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. A large species, easily distinguished from its congeners by the markedly broad forewings (Figs 127, 135) and very hairy thorax.</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♂, SAM–NEU–A001258, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-34.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.25/lat -34.0)">Riversdale Mountains</a> [34°00’S 21°15’E], (white printed label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella lanata Tjed, Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (SAMC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is known only from Riversdale Mountains in the Western Cape Province, South Africa (Fig. 155) where it was collected in the Mossel Bay Shale Renosterveld vegetation type in the Fynbos Biome (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). In general, this habitat comprises undulating hills together with flat lands rich in thicket elements, Renosterbos and succulent plants are also present. The area is characterised by high annual precipitation with an average of 270–620 mm per year.</p><p>Remarks. The species is known only by its male holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A777FF9EFF0DFEC837245B4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A777FF9FFF0DFBDA34A15FBC.text	03DBDF51A777FF9FFF0DFBDA34A15FBC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera leptocera (Navas 1910) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera leptocera (Navás, 1910) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 88, 95, 152)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Eretmoptera leptocera Navás 1910: 364 .</p><p>Nemopterella leptocera Navás 1912: 9 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown.</p><p>Type locality. Namibia, Fort Numis (not located) .</p><p>Type depository. NHMV .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera leptocera is recognised by the pronounced blackish stripes on the thorax and the whitish yellow antennae.</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 9.1 (8.1–10); forewing 21.8 (20–23.1); hind wing 50.2 (45–54.3); antenna 19.1 (15– 21.3); Female: body length 10.3 (8.4–12); forewing 21.4 (19–23.4); hind wing 45.7 (41–52); antenna 13 (10.5–14). (N = 22).</p><p>Type material examined. NAMIBIA. Holotype ♀ (Habitus Photo, Fig. 88). Holotypus (red printed label) / Da- mara L, Fort Numis?, No 6. Halter sp. Fleck’ (white handwritten label) / Eretmoptera leptocera Nav. (white handwritten label) /Typus (red printed label).</p><p>Other material examined. NAMIBIA. 1♂ 1♀, TMSA02064, ‘ <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=15.666667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.233334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 15.666667/lat -20.233334)">Rehoboth</a> [20°14’S 15°40’E], March 1938, H.W.Bell Marley / Nemopterella leptocera Nav., Det. Bo Tjeder 1966; 2♀, TMSA02065, BULLSPOORT [24°08’56’’S 16°21’47’’E], x.1952, S.W.A., R.G.Strey / Nemopterella leptocera Nav. det. Bo Tjeder 1966; 2♀, Ongvati River, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.154722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.108889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.154722/lat -20.108889)">Outjo Dist.</a> [20°06′32″S 16°09′17″E], VIII.1950, R.G.Strey / Nemopterella leptocera Nav., Det. Bo Tjeder 1966; 1♀, TMSA02066, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.247778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.095835" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.247778/lat -27.095835)">Warmfontein</a> [27°05’45’’S 19°14’52’’E], 5.x.1950, R.G.Strey / Nemopterella leptocera Nav., Det. Bo Tjeder 1966; 3♂, TMSA02198 and 2♀, TMSA02197, Farm Bergland [27°28’S 17°40’E], Karas Dist., Gaapmouth into <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.666666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.466667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.666666/lat -27.466667)">Fish River</a>, 454m, 25.vii.2005, T.Bird / Nemopterella leptocera (Navás, 1910) ♂, det. M.W.Mansell 2014. (All TMSA) . 10♀, NEUR08940, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.0" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.05/lat -28.0)">Boom River</a> Canyon Campsite, 28°00S 17°03E, 19.xi.1993, R. Stals. (SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species seems to be endemic to Namibia where its main distribution falls within the Namibia Savanna Woodlands Ecoregion (Fig. 152). (See the description of the habitat under the distribution of A. alba).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A777FF9FFF0DFBDA34A15FBC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A776FF81FF0DF92437D05D5C.text	03DBDF51A776FF81FF0DF92437D05D5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera longicornis (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera longicornis (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 73, 93, 108, 115, 153)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella longicornis Tjeder, 1967: 473 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, probably derived from the Latin words long and cornu (horn) (long-horn) for its long antennae. Type locality. South Africa, Northern Cape Province. Marydale, 29°20’19’’S 22°05’50’’E.</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is most closely related to A. munroi based on external morphology. It is separable from A. munroi, by its longer antennae (Fig. 108) and the distinct lateral stripes on pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 93). It is further characterised by the more rounded forewing apex with a slight emargination before the apex (Fig. 115).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 9.2 (7.4–11.9); forewing 21.8 (19.7–26.4); hind wing 54.2 (44.8–63.7); antenna 21.9 (19.8–26.5); Female: body length 11.7 (10.2–13.3); forewing 23.3 (20.0–25.6); hind wing 50.8 (50–56); antenna 16.1 (13.2–17.1). (N = 136).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 108), TMSA02067, HOLOTYPE Neu 086, Nemopterella longicornis Tjeder (red printed label) / MARYDALE 5 m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.097223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.338612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.097223/lat -29.338612)">North</a> [29°20’19’’S 22°05’50’’E], 9–10.X.1954, A.J.T.Janse (white printed label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella longicornis Tjed Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). Paratypes: 2♂ 1♀, same data as holotype. (All TMSA) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 2♂, TMSA00751, MARYDALE, 5 m <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.097223&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.338612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.097223/lat -29.338612)">North</a> [29°20’19’’S 22°05’50’’E], 9–10.x.1954, A.J.T.Janse / Nemopterella longicornis Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013. (TMSA) . 63♂ 68♀, NEUR08942, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.716667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.25/lat -28.716667)">Jenkins Kop</a>, 28°43’S 17°15’E, 600m, 9.x.1991, M.W.Mansell, R.G.Oberprieler, Mercury vapour light. (SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the Northern Cape Province, South Africa (Fig. 153). The ranges of distribution are mainly centred in the Bushmanland and Richtersveld Bioregions in the Nama and Succulent Karoo Biomes respectively (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). Both areas are dry, in the former, late summer–early autumn rains are dominant and vegetation cover primarily consists of grasses and succulent shrubs. While in the latter, winter rains are prevalent and the frequent fogs typify the area, which makes it more humid. The vegetation cover mainly comprises succulent shrubs and herbs.</p><p>Remarks. This species is sympatric with A. apicalis in Marydale.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A776FF81FF0DF92437D05D5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A76BFF84FF0DFB64361C5D24.text	03DBDF51A76BFF84FF0DFB64361C5D24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera maraisi Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera maraisi Abdalla &amp; Mansell sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 53, 62, 85, 106, 154)</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: BABFDF51-7447-4A1B-95AC-56F3A7991DD5</p><p>Etymology. This species is named for Andre P. Marais (Cape Town) for his systematic surveys of Nemopteridae that contributed significantly to this project, and to our knowledge of the Neuroptera of the Western and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Northern Cape Province, Stofbakkies Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.738611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.650555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.738611/lat -29.650555)">Prieska District</a>, 29°39’02’’S 22°44’19’’E .</p><p>Diagnosis. A small species that resembles A. aequabilis in having a similar body size and appearance, but it can be separated by the elongate forewings that taper apically and end in an acute apex (Fig. 85), while in A. aequabilis the forewings are broad and end in a narrow rounded apex (Fig. 117). It also differs from A. aequabilis by having long antennae that reach beyond the pterostigma (Fig. 85, 106); while in A. aequabilis the antennae are short, not reaching the pterostigma.</p><p>Description. Size (mm). Male: body length 9.7 (9–10.2); forewing 23 (22.4–23.3); hind wing 48.0 (47.6–50.6); antenna 18.9 (16–20.4). Holotype ♂ (Fig. 106); Body length 8.4; forewing 22.8; hind wing 47.9; antenna 19.7. (N = 3).</p><p>Head. Frons, clypeus yellow. Vertex brown with two yellow areas laterally at hind margin and two ill-defined lateral yellow spots on each side near eye margins. Antennae long, reaching pterostigma, scape yellowish brown, pedicel yellow, proximal portion yellowish brown with scattered short setae, dark brown distally with long black setae (Fig. 106). Apical segment mostly membranous (Fig. 62). Eyes large with diameter approximaly same length as genae.</p><p>Thorax. Greyish, pruinose (Fig. 53). Pronotum with ill-defined stripes with only midstripe that is traceable as brownish grey shading posteriorly, while the lateral stripes form two lateral brown transverse spots. Pronotal margins with erect long black hairs intermixed with some long, soft white hairs; soft, white hairs situated behind black hairs on fore margin. Distal anterior lateral margins with very long black hairs admixed with white hairs, long, soft white hairs also present on disc. Midstripe on prescutum appears as light brown shading but indistinct on mesoscutellum. Stiff long black hairs present on anterior lateral portions of prescutum admixed with white long hairs. Long sparse black hairs present on disc, with long soft white hairs along lateral margins of prescutum. Mesoscutum with faint brown lateral stripes. Short white hairs on disc, two lateral long tufts of white hairs at each side. Mesoscutellum with scattered short white hairs over whole disc and two groups of long white hair at each side. Metanotum with very long white hairs laterally on hind margin. Legs yellow, with short setae. Femoral and tibial apices tinged dark brown, fore coxae with black and white setae.</p><p>Forewings. Appearing elongate, tapering towards apex, weakly emarginated before acute apex (Fig. 85). Pterostigma dark brown, broad at base, long but not reaching C. Costal cells before and beyond pterostigma slightly tinged brown. Venation dark brown. Costa whitish but appearing blackish due to dense black setae. Subcosta and R light brown. Proximal Cx shaded brown. Costal cells increase gradually in size towards pterostigma. Holotype with 18 Cx before pterostigma in right wing, 21 in left. Ten crossveins between R and M before origin of Rs in right wing, 11 in left. Eight radial crossveins before pterostigma in right wing, 10 in left. Hind wings pale creamy white. Proximal portion appears brown. Longitudinal veins pale creamy white, while crossveins appear much darker. Median portion before dark area white, longitudinal veins and crossveins white, dark area dark brown, shorter than white area.</p><p>Abdomen. Yellowish brown, tergites with yellowish hind margins. Longitudinal midstripe dark brown. Pleurites pruinose, tergites with dense, long white setae. Venter light reddish yellow, pruinose, with long white hairs but shorter than on tergites. Apex yellow with dense, long black setae.</p><p>Variation. Some males have a few black hairs intermingled with the white hairs on the abdomen.</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂, NEUR12582, Stofbak- kies Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.738611&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.650555" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.738611/lat -29.650555)">Prieska Dist.</a> 29°39’02’’S 22°44’19’’E, 938m, 30.ix.2010, A.P.Marais . Paratypes: 3 ♂, same data as holotype. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. The range of distribution of this species is in the Northern Cape Province (Fig. 154) where it is situated in the Lower Gariep Broken Veld bioregion in the Nama Karoo Biome (see description of the habitat under distribution of S. arenaria).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A76BFF84FF0DFB64361C5D24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A76DFF86FF0DFD30359C5DCF.text	03DBDF51A76DFF86FF0DFD30359C5DCF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera munroi (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera munroi (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 74, 92, 111, 116, 144, 147, 152)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella munroi Tjeder, 1967: 470 .</p><p>Etymology. The species was named after H.K.Munro (Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria) who collected the type specimens.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.546389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.314722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.546389/lat -29.314722)">Houmoed</a>, 29°18’53’’S 19°32’47’’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera munroi resembles A. longicornis and A. brinkmani by having similar pubescence patterns on the thorax and abdomen. It can be distinguished from A. longicornis by its shorter antennae (Fig. 111), indistinct lateral stripes on pronotum and mesonotum (Fig. 92) and less rounded apex on the forewings (Fig. 116). It is distinguished from A. brinkmani by the smaller body size, less concave vertex and the yellowish hind margin of the vertex (Fig. 144).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 10.2 (8.3–13.8); forewing 24.3 (21.1–27.6); hind wing 54.9 (42.7–63.5); antenna 20.9 (16.5–24.1); Female: body length 11 (9–12.3); forewing 23.5 (20.5–25.5); hind wing 49.8 (43.2–56.8); antenna 12.9 (9–12.3) (N = 139).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂, TMSA02068, HOLO- TYPE Neu 98, Nemopterella munroi Tjeder (red printed label) / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.546389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.314722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.546389/lat -29.314722)">Houmoed</a>, N.W. Cape [29°18’53’’S 19°32’47’’E], 20.X.1955, H.K.Munro (white handwritten label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella munroi Tjed, Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (TMSA) . Paratypes: 5♂ 1♀, NEUR08902, Gelykswerf, Richtersveld, C.P., x.1956, H.K.Munro (white printed label) / Paratypus, Nemopterella munroi Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (SANC). 1♂ 3♀, SAM–NEU–A001225, Aggeneys, Bushmanland Btw Springbok and Pella (white printed label) / Paratypus, Nemopterella munroi, Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (SAMC) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 5♂, TMSA 00759, Houmoed, [29°18’53’’S 19°32’ 47’’E], 20.X.1955, H.K.Munro; 2♂ 5♀, TMSA 00730, Richtersveld, Omsberg Water, 23.ix.1991, M.Krüger (All TMSA). 1♂ 1♀, NEUR 08917, Richtersveld, Gelykswerf, x.1956, H.K,Munro; 16♂ 6♀, NEUR 08913, Richtersveld near Rosyntjieberg, 28°24’S 17°11’E, (2817Ac), 350m, 11.x.1974, M.W.Mansell, H.D.Brown; 4♂ 2♀, NEUR 12583, Kelkiewyn Farm, Calvinia District, 31°12’01’’S 19°41’33’’E, 22–23.x. 2013, 681m, C.H.Scholtz; 3♂ 1♀, NEUR 12343, same locality, 1.x.2015, C.H.Scholtz / Nemopterella munroi Tjeder, 1967 ♂ Det. M.W. Mansell 2016; 2♀, NEUR 11812, same locality, 1.x.2012, J.B.Ball, M.W.Mansell; 1♂ 2♀, NEUR 11811, same locality, 25.x.2011, C.H.Scholtz; 3♂ 1♀, NEUR 10895, same locality, 26.ix.2010, C.H.Scholtz; 2♂ 1♀, NEUR 10226, Nu- welande Farm, Calvinia District, 31°10’50’’S 19°40’08’’E, 664m, 15.x.2009, J.de Klerk; 14♂ 17♀, NEUR 00710, Groblershoop, 26°53’44’’S 21°59’04’’E, 6–9.x.1986, C.G.E.Moolman, Collected at light; 1♂, NEUR 09822, Nam- aqualand, Steinkopf [29°15’11’’S 17°43’52’’E], 3.ix.1986, R.Mijburgh. (All SANC). NAMIBIA, Karas District. 18♂ 2♀, NEUR 08904, S.W.AFRICA, Diamond Area no 1, nr Aurusberg, 300m, 27°32’S 16°10’E, (2716Ca), 22.x.1974, M.W.Mansell, H.D.Brown; 2♂, NEUR 08903, same locality, 23.x.1974, M.W.Mansell; 10♂ 7♀, NEUR 08941, Hohen- fels, 28°30’S 16°37’E, 100m, 21.x.–5.xi.1994, C.J.Klok. S.L.Chown, C.H.Scholtz. (All SANC).</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is known from the Northern Cape Province and Namibia (Fig. 152). The distribution is centred in the Succulent Karoo, Nama Karoo and Desert Biomes. In the Succulent Karoo Biome, the species range falls mainly within the Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland and Hantam Karoo vegetation units in the Richtersveld and Trans-Escarpment Succulent Karoo Bioregions, respectively (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). In the former vegetation unit, the topography of the area is steep and montane in some parts with deep canyons and large valleys in others. It is characterised by loamy sands, sandy and loam soils. It receives winter rains with an average of 60–299 mm per year (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). The vegetation cover mainly consists of succulent shrubs, low shrubs and herbs. The range of distribution also extends northwards into southern Namibia along the Orange River. The Hantam Karoo vegetation unit is dry and lies between Nieuwoudtville and Calvinia, vegetated with dwarf karoo shrubs and succulent plants. It receives predominantly winter rains with a MAP 190 mm (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). In the Nama Karoo Biome, the species seems to be associated with two different habitats in the Bushmanland Bioregion. It has been reported from the Bushmanland Sandy Grassland and Bushmanland Arid Grassland vegetation units where the vegetation cover comprises mainly Stipagrostis grass species (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A76DFF86FF0DFD30359C5DCF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A76FFF86FF0DFD4B30EE58C0.text	03DBDF51A76FFF86FF0DFD4B30EE58C0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera nigrosetosa (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera nigrosetosa (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 70, 91, 112, 122, 145, 153)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella nigrosetosa Tjeder, 1967: 480 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, but probably derived from the Latin words nigra (black) and setosus (seta) (black setae) for the black pubescence on the prescutum and abdominal venter.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Northern Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.590834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.118889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.590834/lat -30.118889)">Soebatsfontein</a>, 30°07’08’’S 17°35’27’’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. Morphologically similar to A. sabuleti, with slender forewings, blackish abdomen and the same pubescence patterns on the abdomen and thorax. However, A. nigrosetosa is typified by the yellowish brown vertex with a pair of round spots near the eye margins (Fig. 145), while in A. sabuleti the vertex is reddish yellow without spots.</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 9.8 (8.6–11.5); forewing 23.0 (20–25.8); hind wing 53.0 (45–60.9); antenna 19.3 (15.1–22.6). Female: body length 12.4 (11–14.1); forewing 22.9 (19.3–25.6); hind wing 51.6 (42.3–60.3); antenna 13.6 (12.9–15). (N = 56).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 112), TMSA02069, HOLOTYPE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.590834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.118889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.590834/lat -30.118889)">Neu</a> 043, Nemopterella nigrosetosa Tjeder (red printed label) / SOEBATSFONTEIN [30°07’08’’S 17°35’27’’E], 13–14.11’33, G.van Son (white printed label) / Holotypus ♂ Nemopterella nigrosetosa Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). Paratypes: 2♂ 14♀, same data as holotype. (All TMSA) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 2♂ 26♀, TMSA00762, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.590834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.118889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.590834/lat -30.118889)">Soebatsfontein</a> [30°07’08’’S 17°35’27’’E], 13– 14.11.1933, G.van Son / Nemopterella nigrosetosa Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013 ; 4♀, TMSA00767, same locality IV.54, A.J.T.Janse; 1♂, Omsberg Water, TMSA00769, Richtersveld, 23.ix.1991, M.Krüger leg. (All TMSA) ; 5♂, NEUR09617, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.383333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.533333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.383333/lat -29.533333)">Lang Hoogte Mine Office</a>, 29°32’S 17°23’E, 100m, 30.x.1996, A.J.van Wyk ; 1♂, NEUR09768, same locality and collector, 9.x.1996; 1♂, NEUR09769, same locality, 16.x.1996, J.duG. Harrison; (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from the Northern Cape Province (Fig. 153), and has been reported from localities mainly centred in the Namaqualand Hardeveld and Richtersveld Bioregions in the Succulent Karoo Biome (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). Generally, both areas are dry (semi-desert) typified by winter rains. The topography in the former bioregion is primarily undulating plains rich in heuweltjies, covered in low dwarf succulent shrubs of Heuweltjieveld vegetation type, while in the latter the habitats vary from rocky outcrops to sand dunes covered in leaf-succulent shrubs.</p><p>Remarks. This species is sympatric with Nemia lata Tjeder in the Soebatsfontein area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A76FFF86FF0DFD4B30EE58C0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A761FF89FF0DF924368D5D5C.text	03DBDF51A761FF89FF0DF924368D5D5C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera obtusa (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera obtusa (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 94, 126, 136, 156)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella obtusa Tjeder, 1967: 477 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, most likely from the Latin word obtuse (broad) due to its broad forewings.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.269722&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.125275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.269722/lat -33.125275)">Koup Siding</a>, 33°07’31’’S 21°16’11’’E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera obtusa and A. pilosa are morphologically very similar, due largely to similar black pubescence on the thorax (Fig. 94), the yellow colour of the head and reddish yellow of the vertex. They can be distinguished from each other by broader forewings with a short rounded apex in A. obtusa (Fig. 136), whereas in A. pilosa the forewings are elongate and the apex is much narrower than A. obtusa (Fig. 140).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♂, SAM–NEU–A001253, Koup Siding, Laingsburg [33°07’31’’S 21°16’11’’E], C.P. (white printed label) / Mus. Expd., / Oct.1952 (white printed label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella obtusa Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 . (Red handwritten label). (SAMC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species was collected from localities in the Western Cape Province (Fig. 156). The collection site is in the Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo vegetation unit in the Succulent Karoo Biome (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). The habitat is hilly, with mud and sandstone soils in plains, with low succulent scrubs, scattered tall shrubs with white grass mostly on the plain. It receives predominately winter rains with an average above 200 mm per year (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A761FF89FF0DF924368D5D5C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A760FF8AFF0DF8DB371C598E.text	03DBDF51A760FF8AFF0DF8DB371C598E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera olivacea (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera olivacea (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 109, 119, 153)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella olivacea Tjeder, 1967: 482 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, probably from the Latin word olea (olive) for the olivaceous colour of the thoracic pubescence.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=24.057499&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.70028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 24.057499/lat -28.70028)">Schmidts Drift</a>, 28°42’01’’S 24°03’ 27’’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera olivacea is immediately recognisable by the dense olivaceous scale-like microtrichia on the thorax.</p><p>Size (mm). Female: body length 10.6 (10.3–10.9); forewing 20.7 (20.6–20.8); hind wing 44.2 (43.8–44.5); antenna 11.3 (10.7–11.7). (N = 2)</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 109), TMSA02071, HOLOTYPE, Neu 096 Nemopterella olivacea Tjeder (red printed label) / Schmidts Drift [28°42’01’’S 24°03’27’’E], 1.X.1954, G.van Son (white handwritten label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella olivacea Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (TMSA) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 2♀, TMSA00748, Schmidts Drift [28°42’01’’S 24°03’27’’E], 1.x.1954, [G.van Son] / Nemopterella olivacea Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013. (TMSA) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is endemic to the Northern Cape Province of South Africa (Fig. 153). It is only known from one locality in the Eastern Kalahari Bushveld vegetation unit in the Savanna Biome (Northern Cape). The habitat is dry, with well-drained shallow, stony soil and angular rocks, predominantly covered by the Schmidtsdrif Thornveld vegetation type, which mainly comprises Acacia mellifera and A. tortilis trees. The area receives low late summer / early autumn rains with very dry winter (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p><p>Afroptera papio (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 128, 137, 155)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella papio Tjeder, 1967: 476 .</p><p>Etymology. Named after the well-known South African primate, Papio ursinus, the “chacma” or “ Cape baboon”; “bobbejaan” or “baviaan” in Afrikaans, the name of the type locality, Baviaanskop, Namaqualand, South Africa.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.824446&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.935" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.824446/lat -28.935)">Baviaans Kop</a>, 28°56’06’’S 17°49’28’’E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera papio could be confused with A. sabuleti but differs by having shorter antennae and white pubescence on the prescutum, instead of the black hairs as in A. sabuleti .</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 128), SAMC00173 / SAM–NEU–A001254 / Baviaans Kop, [28°56’06’’S 17°49’28’’E] near Jackalswater, Namaqualand, [Sept. 1939], [R.Smithers] (white handwritten label) / Holotypus ♂ Nemopterella papio Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (SAMC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is known only by the male holotype from the Northern Cape Province, South Africa (Fig. 155). The record is from the Richtersveld Bioregion of the Succulent Karoo Biome (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). The species seems to occur in montane habitats, represented by the Umdaus Mountains Succulent Shrubland vegetation type where the main constituents are succulent trees, shrubs and herbs. The area receives mainly winter rains with an average of 100–200 mm per year.</p><p>Remarks. The species is known only by the male holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A760FF8AFF0DF8DB371C598E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A763FF8DFF0DF888369D5B53.text	03DBDF51A763FF8DFF0DF888369D5B53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera parva (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera parva (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 69, 100, 125, 148, 151)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella parva Tjeder, 1967: 489 .</p><p>Etymology. Probably from the Latin word parva (small) for its small size.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. Waterval, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.4/lat -32.216667)">Tanqua Karoo</a>, 32°13’S 19°24’E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. A small species, antennae short, not reaching pterostigma, with short membranous antennal apex and rounded wing apices with no pre-apical emargination. Afroptera parva is closely related to A. exigua . Similarity and differences between these two species are provided in the diagnosis of A. exigua .</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 7.7 (6.1–9.2); forewing 18.7 (15.9–21.8); hind wing 39.6 (31.7–45.2); antenna 12.9 (11.2–14.6); Female: body length 9.9 (7.2–10.7); forewing 20.2 (17.4–21.2); hind wing 41.9 (35.2–47.9); antenna 12.8 (10.5–12.9). (N = 45).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 125), SAM–NEU– A001256 / Tankwa Karoo, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.4&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.4/lat -32.216667)">Waterval</a> [32°13S 19°24E], C.P. [Nov. 1952], [Museum Staff] (white printed label) / Holotypus ♂ Nemopterella parva Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red printed label). Paratypes: 2♂, SAM–NEU–A001256 and 1♀, SAM–NEU–A001255, same data as holotype. (SAMC) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. 2♂, NEUR 00706, Mierkraal Farm, Bie- douw Valley, 32°04S 19°24E, 29.ix.1986, M.W.Mansell, J.H.Hoffmann / Handnetted / Nemopterella parva Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W. Mansell 1986; 4♀, NEUR 09683, Doornfontein Farm, Tanqua Karoo, 32°35’S 19°33’E, 20–21.x. 2006, 432m, A.K.Brinkman; 1♂ 2♀, NEUR 10228, Koup Siding, Laingsburg District, 33°07’40’’S 21°16’36’’E, 741m, At light, 17.x.2009,A.P.Marais; 1♂ 4♀, NEUR 09930, Wamakerskraal Farm, Laingsburg Dist., 33°02’03’’S 21°35’36’’E, 350m, 11.x.2008, J.B.Ball, A.P.Marais. Northern Cape Province. 1♂, NEUR 09620, Richtersveld, 50 km NE Groot- derm, 3.ix.1989, 29°19’00’’S 16°55’00’’E, J.G.H.Londt, B.R.Stuckenberg / Sandy valley below a rocky hillside, 350m; 4♂ 4♀, NEUR 08907, Richtersveld, Cornells Kop, 145m, 28°25’S 16°53’E, 2816Bd, 9.x.1974, M.W.Mansell, H.D.Brown / Collected at mercury vapour light, arid rocky terrain; 2♂ 2♀, NEUR 09770, Kabas Farm, 10 Km NE Pofadder, 29°02S 19°26E, 800m, 27.x.1996, M.W.Mansell, C.H.Scholtz / Collected at light; 1♂ 1♀, NEUR 09784, same locality, 1.xi.1996, M.W.Mansell / Collected at light; 2♀, NEUR 08924, Augrabies Falls Nat. Park, 28°35’S 20°21’E, x.1984, L.E.O.Braack / Collected at light; 3♂, NEUR 08909, Richtersveld, Top of Hellskloof Pass, Para- dysberg, 880m, 28°19’S 16°50’E (2816 Bd), 10.x.1974, M.W.Mansell, H.D.Brown; 1♀, NEUR 12197, Koms Farm, Keimoes, 28°44’08’’S 20°56’15’’E, 730m, 24.x.2013, P.de Vos, House light; 1♂ 1♀, NEUR 12535, same locality 12–13.viii.2013, P.de Vos, Handnetted; 4♀, NEUR 12584, same locality, 23.ix.2013, P.de Vos, Light. (All SANC).</p><p>Distribution and habitat. In South Africa, N. parva is known from the Northern and Western Cape provinces from localities mainly centred in the Succulent Karoo and Desert Biomes (Fig. 151). In the former biome, the collection sites fall mainly within the Rainshadow Valley Karoo, Namaqualand Sandveld and Richtersveld Bioregions (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). In the Rainshadow Valley Karoo Bioregion, one population is confined to the Agter- Sederberg Shrubland vegetation unit; where the vegetation mainly comprises succulent and non-succulent elements. Winter rains are predominant with an average of 250 mm per year. Another population occurs in the Tankwa Karoo vegetation unit where the habitat is typified by low winter rainfall (≤ 112 mm) and poor vegetation cover dominated by scattered low succulent shrubs, herbaceous climbers and annual flora (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). It has also been reported from the Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo vegetation unit (see description of the habitat under the distribution of N. obtusa). Distribution in the Namaqualand Sandveld Bioregion is chiefly in Richtersveld Coastal Duneveld vegetation where there are sand dunes, large hills, extreme wind, frequent fog, winter rains, with succulent shrubs, woody succulent climber parasitic and herbs being important features of the habitat (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). In the Richtersveld Bioregion the collection site is on a wide plain of alluvial, loamy, sandy gravel soils dominated by the Upper Annisvlakte Succulent Shrubland vegetation type, where the main components are dwarf leaf succulent shrubs and geophytic herbs. The species has also been found in the Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland vegetation unit (see description of the habitat in the unit under distribution of A. dyscrita). Afroptera parva is also known from the Namib Desert Bioregion in the Desert Biome. This range falls within the Western Gariep Hills Desert vegetation unit north of the Richtersveld where the species was collected in a hilly and open habitat, covered by leaf-succulent shrubs, low shrub, succulent and geophytic herbs. The area receives winter rains with an average of 45–60 mm per year (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A763FF8DFF0DF888369D5B53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A764FF8FFF0DFBDF361D58E6.text	03DBDF51A764FF8FFF0DFBDF361D58E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera peringueyi (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera peringueyi (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 68, 99, 131, 139, 155)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella peringueyi Tjeder, 1967: 484 .</p><p>Etymology. Named after Louis A. Péringuey, former Director of the South African Museum (Iziko Museums), Cape Town, who collected the type specimen.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.583334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.583334/lat -32.35)">Beaufort West</a>, 32°21’00’’S 22°35’00’’E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera peringueyi can be easily recognised among the Afroptera species by the uniformly yellowish red head and antennae (Fig. 131) and the reddish brown abdomen (Fig. 131).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 8.3 (7–9.5); forewing 21.8 (20.6–22.9); hind wing 49.7 (45.5–52.0); antenna 18 (16.2–20.2). Female: body length 9.5 (8.8–10.8); forewing 20.9 (19.4–23.1); hind wing 44.3 (38.6–50.2); antenna 12.9 (11.4–15.5). (N = 36).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 131), SAM–NEU– A001257, CAPE, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.583334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.35" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.583334/lat -32.35)">Beaufort West</a> [32°21’00’’S 22°35’00’’E] (white handwritten label) / ‘New type’ (white handwrit- ten label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella peringueyi Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (SAMC) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. 18♂ 4♀, NEUR01243, Karoo Na- tional Park, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.483334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.316666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.483334/lat -32.316666)">Stolshoek</a>, 32°19’S 22°29’E, 950m, 22–23.xii.1989, M.W.Mansell, H.&amp;U.Aspöck, / Collected at light ; 1♂, NEUR01191, Prince Albert Dist, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.283333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.283333/lat -33.133335)">Tierberg Research Station</a>, 33°08’S 22°17’E, 30.x.1988, W.R.J.Dean ; 1♂, NEUR01455, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.133333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.983334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.133333/lat -30.983334)">Carnarvon</a>, 30°59’S 22°08’E, 6.xi.1991, M.de Jager ; 1♂, NEUR01454, Fraserburg, 12 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.533333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.533333/lat -32.016666)">Km</a> E, 32°01’S 21°32’E, 11.i.1991, M.de Jager ; 1♀, NEUR01354, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.766666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.766666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.766666/lat -31.766666)">Komkommerleegte Farm</a>, 35 km E Fraserburg, 31°46’S 21°46’E, 1300 m, 16.xii.1989, M.W.Mansell, Handnetted during day ; 3♂ 3♀, NEUR01353, Uurhoogte, 11 Km E <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.866667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.6/lat -31.866667)">Fraserburg</a>, 31°52’S 21°36’E, 1280m, 14–16.xii.1989, M.W.Mansell, H.&amp;U.Aspöck ; 1♂ 3♀, NEUR08908, Wagon Wheel Motel, Beaufort West, 3222 BC, 11.xi.1986, C.Quickelberge, J.G.H.Londt / Collected at light. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. The species is endemic to the Western Cape Province where the ranges of distribution are mainly centred within the Succulent and Nama Karoo Biomes (Fig. 155). In the former biome, the distribution falls mainly within the Rainshadow Valley Karoo Bioregion where the habitat is characterized by the Prince Albert Succulent Karoo vegetation type (see description of the habitat under the distribution of A. exigua). While in the latter, the distribution is confined to the Upper and Lower Karoo Bioregions where the habitat is represented by the Upper Karoo Hardeveld vegetation as described by Mucina &amp; Rutherford (2006). The area comprises steep slopes and large stones, vegetated mostly with dwarf karoo scrub, tall shrubs, succulent shrubs, herbs and grasses. It receives autumn rains with an average of 150–350 mm per year. The habitat features of the lower Karoo are provided under the distribution of A. exigua .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A764FF8FFF0DFBDF361D58E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A718FFF3FF0DF89831E95DB4.text	03DBDF51A718FFF3FF0DF89831E95DB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera pilosa (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera pilosa (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 71, 98, 132, 140, 156)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella pilosa Tjeder, 1967: 478 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, but probably from the Latin word pilosa (hairy) for its hirsute thorax and abdomen.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.366667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.883335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.366667/lat -32.883335)">Dikbome</a>, 32°53’S 21°22’E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. Large species with striped thorax. Morphologically resembles A. obtusa . A comparison of these two species is provided in the diagnosis of A. obtusa .</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 9.7 (8.3–12.6); forewing 23.8 (21.5–27.4); hind wing 53.7 (48.1–62.1); antenna 19.8 (16.5–24.3); Female: body length 10.8 (8.7–12.1); forewing 22.8 (18.7–25); hind wing 46.8 (35.3–56.1); antenna 13.5 (10.8–16.2). (N = 48).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 132), SAM–NEU– A001273, Dikbome, Merweville Koup [32°53’S 21°22’E] C.P (white printed label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella pilosa, Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (SAMC) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. 4♂ 2♀, NEUR12538, Wamakerskraal Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.611944&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.023335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.611944/lat -33.023335)">Laingsburg Dist</a>, 33°01’24’’S 21°36’43’’E, 350m, 11.x.2008, J.B.Ball, A.P.Marais, At light / Nemopterella pilosa Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2017 ; 11♂ 8♀, NEUR10048, Oorlogskloof Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.726112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.36333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.726112/lat -33.36333)">Klaarstroom District</a>, 33°21’48’’S 22°43’34’’E, 897m, 21.xi.2008, At light, A.P.Marais ; 4♂ 2♀, NEUR10229, Koup Siding, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.276667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.127777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.276667/lat -33.127777)">Laingsburg District</a>, 33°07’40’’S 21°16’36’’E, 741m, At light, 17.x.2009, A.P.Marais ; 3♀, NEUR10121, Miertjieskraal Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.133612&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.819164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.133612/lat -33.819164)">Ladysmith District</a>, 33°49’09’’S 21°08’01’’E, 299m, 26.xi.2008, At light, A.P.Marais ; 2♂ 5♀, NEUR12585, Mid- deldrif Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.270555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.05361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.270555/lat -33.05361)">Laingsburg District</a>, 33°03’13’’S 21°16’14’’E, 708m, At light, 18.x.2009, A.P.Marias . Northern Cape Province. 5♂ 2♀, NEUR09742, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.433332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.85" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.433332/lat -30.85)">Williston Farm</a>, 30°51’S 21°26’E, 20.x.2001, H.S.Staude. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Afroptera pilosa has been recorded from the Northern and Western Cape Provinces (Fig. 156). In the former province, it is confined to the Bushmanland Bioregion in the Nama Karoo Biome where the habitat comprises salty, mud-stone soils and receives predominantly late summer / early autumn rains with an average of 100–200 mm per year. Dwarf succulent and spiny shrubs are dominant. While in the latter province, the distribution is in the Rainshadow Valley Karoo, Lower Karoo and Renosterveld Bioregions of the Succulent Karoo, Nama Karoo and Fynbos Biomes, respectively. Two populations have been reported from the Rainshadow Valley Karoo; one seems to be associated with the Koedoesberge-Moordenaars Karoo vegetation type (see description of the vegetation type under distribution of A. obtusa). Another population has been recorded from Prince Albert Succulent Karoo vegetation unit to the west of Prince Albert (see description of the unit under distribution of N. remifera). In the Lower Karoo Bioregion the species has been found in association with Gamka Karoo vegetation type (see description of the vegetation type under distribution of A. exigua). In the Renosterveld Bioregion the vegetation cover is mostly comprises Montagu Shale Renosterveld type and includes Acacia karoo, succulent shrubs.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A718FFF3FF0DF89831E95DB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A71AFFF3FF0DFCC0311E5999.text	03DBDF51A71AFFF3FF0DFCC0311E5999.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera pruinosa (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera pruinosa (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 113, 121, 153)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella pruinosa Tjeder, 1967: 486 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, but probably from the Latin word purinos (smoke, frost, purinas) for its extensively powdered greyish body.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.546389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.314722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.546389/lat -29.314722)">Houmoed</a>, 29°18’53’’S 19°32’47’’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera pruinosa is a small species with greyish pruinose thorax. Superficially similar to A. koranna through its small size, pruinose brown body, unstriped thorax and sparse short black hairs on the prescutum disc. It can be distinguished from A. koranna by a combination of the following characters: A. pruinosa has a blackish brown abdomen with white hair on the dorsum and venter, while in A. koranna the abdomen is brown with white hair on the dorsum and black hair on the venter. Afroptera pruinosa also has forewings with a rounded apex but with a slight emargination before the apex (Fig. 121), while in A. koranna the apex is rounded without emargination.</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 113), TMSA02072, HOLOTYPE Neu 102, Nemopterella pruinosa Tjeder (red printed label) / Houmoed [29°18’53’’S 19°32’47’’E], N.W. Cape, 20.X.1955, H.K.Munro (white handwritten label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella pruinosa Tjed., Bo Tjed- er 1966 (red handwritten label). (TMSA) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is recorded from the Northern Cape Province and is known only from the type locality in the Nama Karoo Biome (Fig. 153). The locality falls within the Bushmanland Inselberg Shrubland vegetation unit in the Bushmanland Bioregion (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). See description of the habitat under distribution of A. dyscrita . The area receives late summer rains ranging between 70–120 mm from February to April.</p><p>Remarks. The species is represented by the male holotype only and occurs sympatrically with A. munroi .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A71AFFF3FF0DFCC0311E5999	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A71AFFF5FF0DF8AA37D65EB0.text	03DBDF51A71AFFF5FF0DF8AA37D65EB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera remifera (Westwood 1874) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera remifera (Westwood, 1874) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 76, 97, 124, 149, 150, 151)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemoptera remifera Westwood, 1874: 179 .</p><p>Halter remifera (Westwood): Kirby 1900: 458.</p><p>Etymology. Unknown.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. Uncertain locality: “ Cape of Good Hope”. Klaarstroom, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.55&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.333332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.55/lat -33.333332)">Prince Albert District</a>, 33°20S 22°33E, subsequently designated as type locality by Tjeder (1967: 490) .</p><p>Type depository. BMNH .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can easily be distinguished from its congeners by the rounded apex of the forewings (Figs 149, 150), the very short antennae and the extremely small rounded apical antennal segment that ends in a distal membranous part (Figs 76, 149).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 9.5 (7.5–11.5); forewing 21.4 (19–23.8); hind wing 46.5 (41–52); antenna 14 (13–15); Female: body length 11–12; forewing 21–23.5; hind wing 44–50; antenna 12–13. (N = 7).</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♀ (not examined).</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. 1♂ 4♀, SAM–NEU–A001275, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.926111&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.332222" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.926111/lat -33.332222)">Rooinek Pass</a> [33°19’56’’S 20°55’34’’E], C.P / Nemopterella remifera Westw ., ♀, det. Bo Tjeder 1966; 1♀, SAMC00177, Klaarstroom, Prince Albert [District], C.P / Nemopterella remifera Westw., det. Tjeder 1966. (All SAMC) . 1♂, NEUR09829, Prince Albert Dist., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.27389&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.1275" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.27389/lat -33.1275)">Tierberg Research Station</a>, 33°07’39’’S 22°16’26’’E, 4.x.1988, W.R.J.Dean, Light. (SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Afroptera remifera is currently known from localities in the Succulent Karoo Biome in the Western Cape Province, South Africa (Fig. 151). The ranges are mainly in the Rainshadow Valley Bioregion with features of the Prince Albert Succulent Karoo vegetation unit (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). See description of the habitat under the distribution of A. exigua .</p><p>Remarks. This species was originally described by Westwood (1874) and is in BMNH. Tjeder (1967), in his taxonomic notes, mentioned that he was informed by Dr. D.E.Kimmins that the female holotype is in bad condition, with damaged meso- and metanotum and one of the hind wings being complete. Tjeder therefore resorted to redescribing the species using a female specimen from Klaarstroom, Prince Albert District, after which Kimmins compared it with the type specimen and confirmed their similarity. Our revision of this species is consequently based on Tjeder’s material that is in SAMC, Cape Town, South Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A71AFFF5FF0DF8AA37D65EB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A71CFFF5FF0DFDCC35CD58F1.text	03DBDF51A71CFFF5FF0DFDCC35CD58F1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera segregata (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera segregata (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 67, 96, 123, 138, 151)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella segregata Tjeder, 1967: 472 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown.</p><p>Type locality. Namibia. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.75/lat -28.016666)">Kalkfontein</a>, 28°01’S 18°45’ E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. Afroptera segregata is similar to A. munroi, being of similar size, shape of the forewings and abdominal colour. It can be separated from A. munroi by being more yellowish in colour (Figs 96, 123), with much longer body pubescence.</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 10 (8.2–11.1); forewing 23.5 (20.9–26.3); hind wing 56.0 (47.5–63.4); antenna 22.4 (18.5–27.4). Female: body length 10 (7–11.5); forewing 21.8 (18.4–24.4); hind wing 47.0 (39–52.4); antenna 13.8 (12.6–15.9). (N = 31).</p><p>Type material examined. NAMIBIA. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 123), SAM–NEU–A001276 / S.W. Africa, Kalkfontein [28°01’S 18°45’E] (white printed label) / Holotypus Nemopterella segregata Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). Allotype ♀, SAM–NEU–A001277 / S.W.Africa, Kalkfontein [28°’ 18°45’E], Oct. 1925, J.S.Brown (white handwritten label) / Allotypus ♀, Nemopterella segregata Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (Both SAMC) .</p><p>Other material examined. NAMIBIA. 7♂ 1♀, NEUR08922, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.916666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.283333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.916666/lat -27.283333)">Klinghards Mts</a> 10 Km N Garusib, 27°17’S 18°55’E, 2.xi.1986, J. Jarvis ; 1♂, NEUR08919, Lorelli, 20 Km SE <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=16.759445&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.965279" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 16.759445/lat -27.965279)">Rosh Pinah</a> [27°57’55’’S 16°45’34’’E], 15.x.1972, H.D.Brown, E. Koster, A.A.Prinsloo . SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 1♂, NEUR08915, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.037222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.327778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.037222/lat -28.327778)">Paradysberg</a> [28°19’40’’S 17°02’14’’E], 21.ix.1967, H.D.Brown ; 10♂ 5♀, NEUR08936, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.09639&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.779722" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.09639/lat -28.779722)">Black Hills</a>, 28°46’47’’S 17°05’47’’E, 400m, 10.x.1991, M.W.Mansell, R.G.Oberprieler ; 4♂, NEUR08937, Richtersveld, Blou- bos <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.016666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.633333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.016666/lat -28.633333)">Ploegberg</a>, 28°38’S 17°01’E, 400m, 8.x.1991, M.W.Mansell, R.G.Obrprieler. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Afroptera segregata is known from South Africa and Namibia (Fig. 151). In South Africa, the known range of distribution is from the Richtersveld Bioregion in the Succulent Karoo Biome (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). The species seems to be associated with two different vegetation types: the Central Richtersveld Mountain Shrubland where the area is montane with succulent shrubs and herbs, and characterised by mild winter rainfall with an average of 60–200 mm per year. The species is also associated with the Goariep Mountain Succulent Shrubland where the habitat comprises the Goariep Mountain (Ploegberg), vegetated mostly by dense succulent shrubs and Aloe, and other types of trees. The area receives winter rains with MAP 70 mm. In Namibia, the distribution is in the Kalahari xeric Savanna Ecoregion where the habitat is an open Savanna, known for its extreme aridity and poor nutrient sandy soils; vegetated mostly by grasses, Acacia and Boscia trees. The area receives summer rains with an average of 150–500 mm per year (Lovegrove 1993; Dennis et al. 1997). Another population was found confined to the extension of the Succulent Karoo Biome in southern Namibia, which falls within the Namaqualand-Namib Domain in southwestern Namibia (Jürgens 1991). The area is characterised by winter rains and succulent vegetation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A71CFFF5FF0DFDCC35CD58F1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A710FFF9FF0DFF1C37D25BA0.text	03DBDF51A710FFF9FF0DFF1C37D25BA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Afroptera sabuleti (Tjeder 1967) Abdalla & Mansell & Sole 2019	<div><p>Afroptera sabuleti (Tjeder, 1967) comb. nov.</p><p>(Figs 72, 90, 114, 118, 153)</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemopterella sabuleti Tjeder, 1967: 474 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, but most likely to have been derived from the Latin word sabulet (sandy, sandstone, smoothed) referring to the sandy habitat from which the species was collected.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Northern Cape Province. Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.1/lat -28.933332)">Brakfontein</a>, 28°56’S 17°06’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species is very similar to A. munroi and A. nigrosetosa . It can be separated from A. munroi by the following combination of characters: A. sabuleti has distinct brown thoracic stripes, while in A. munroi the thoracic stripes are faint, also the hairs on the prescutum disc of A. sabuleti are black, while in A. munroi they are white. Afroptera sabuleti is further characterised by the distinct yellow body colour, while in A. munroi the colour is less pronounced. Afroptera sabuleti also has slender, less acute forewings and smaller eyes. Comparisons between A. sabuleti and A. nigrosetosa are provided under the diagnosis of A. nigrosetosa .</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 10.4 (10–10.7); forewing 23.2 (22.9–23.4); hind wing: 54 (49.6–56); antenna 20.4 (19.2–21.6); Female: body length 10.9 (10.7–11); forewing 20.3 (19.7–24); hind wing 46 (43.2–54); antenna 11.3 (11–11.5). (N = 4).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 114), TMSA00728, HOLOTYPE Neu 060, Nemopterella sabuleti Tjeder (red printed label) / Brakfontein, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.933332" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.1/lat -28.933332)">Richtersveld</a> [28°56’S 17°06’E], 20.X.1933, G.van Son (white handwritten label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemopterella sabuleti Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). Paratype: 1♀, same data as holotype. (Both TMSA) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 1♂ 1♀, TMSA00770, Richtersveld, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.25&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-28.833334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.25/lat -28.833334)">Eksteinfontein Valley</a>, [28°50’S 17°15’E], 28.ix.1991, M.Krüger ; 1♂ 1♀, Richtersveld, Brakfontein [28°56’S 17°06’E], 20.x.1933, G.van Son. (All TMSA) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is limited to a small range of distribution within the Succulent Karoo Biome in the Northern Cape Province (Fig. 153). The known distribution falls mainly within the Lekkersing Succulent Shrubland in the Richtersveld Bioregion (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). This habitat is dominated by dwarf leaf-succulents, small trees, herbaceous climbers and geophytic herbs. The area receives predominantly winter rains with an average of 60–120 mm per year (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A710FFF9FF0DFF1C37D25BA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A710FFF9FF0DFABD374959F2.text	03DBDF51A710FFF9FF0DFABD374959F2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemia Navas 1915	<div><p>Genus Nemia Navás, 1915</p><p>Synonymy</p><p>Nemia Navás, 1915: 36</p><p>Type species: Nemoptera costalis Westwood, 1836 . By original designation.</p><p>Diagnosis. Nemia can be readily separated from the genera Nemopterella, Siccanda and Afroptera by at least four key features: the apical antennal segment ends in a short sharp tooth-like point (not membranous); males lack abdominal pleuritocavae; the thorax and abdomen are characteristically striped, and the costal cells have dark marks on the membrane.</p><p>For full description of the genus, see Tjeder 1967: 438.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A710FFF9FF0DFABD374959F2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A710FFFBFF0DF97C35325B70.text	03DBDF51A710FFFBFF0DF97C35325B70.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemia angulata (Westwood 1836) Det. M. W. Mansell 2013	<div><p>Nemia angulata (Westwood, 1836)</p><p>(Figs 157, 162, 167, 172)</p><p>Nemoptera angulata Westwood, 1836: 75 .</p><p>Nematoptera angulata (Westwood): Westwood 1841: 12.</p><p>Nemoptera angula: Walker 1853: 475 (Incorrect subsequent spelling of angulata).</p><p>Halter costalis (Westwood): Kirby 1900: 458 (partim).</p><p>Eretmoptera costalis (Westwood): Navás 1910: 361 (partim).</p><p>Nemopterella costalis (Westwood): Navás 1912: 9 (partim).</p><p>Nemia angulata (Westwood): Tjeder 1967: 446.</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, but probably from the Latin word angulatus (angle) for the acute wing apex.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. Cape of Good Hope. Subsequently designated type locality by Tjeder (1967): <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.416666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-29.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.416666/lat -29.15)">Pofadder</a>, Northern Cape Province, South Africa, 29°09’S 19°25’E. (Fig. 157) .</p><p>Type depository. OXUM .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species can be separated from its congeners by the remarkable acute apex of the forewings (Fig. 162).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 12.7 (11–14.7); forewing 30.2 (27–35.5); hind wing 62.6 (59–79.9); antenna 35.2 (25–36.1); Female: body length 13 (11.7–14.2); forewing 26.1 (24.9–30.4); hind wing 60.1 (52.2–67.6); antenna 16.6 (15.9–20.9). (N = 31).</p><p>Type material. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♂ ( Photo), (Fig. 157), labelled: ‘C.G.H.’ [= Cape of Good Hope] (white handwritten label) / ‘W’ [Westwood] (blue diamond-shaped handwritten label) / Nemopt. angulata Westw., Trans Ent. S. 1 Nat. Lib. Introd. to Entomol. pl. 27 1 (white handwritten label). (OXUM).</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 5♂ 2♀, TMSA 00756, Kenhardt 6 m West of [29°24’23’’S 21°06’01’’E] 12.X.54, A.J.T.Janse / Nemia angulata (Westwood, 1836) ♀, Det. M.W.Mansell, 2013; 3♂, TMSA 02087, Marydale 5 mi North of [29°20’19’’S 22°05’50’’E], 9–10.x.1954, A.J.T.Janse / Nemia angulata Westw. det. Tjeder 1966; 3♂ 1♀, TMSA 02088, Brakfontein, Richtersveld [28°56’S 17°06’E], 20.x.1933, G.van Son / Nemia angulata Westw. det. Tjeder 1966; 1♂ 1♀, TMSA 00755, Farm Cnydas 12 km NW Lutzputs [28°09’S 20°34’E], 10.x.1980, Rautenbach, Wolhuter / Nemia angulata (Westwood, 1836) Det. M.W.Mansell 2013; 1♂ 1♀, TMSA 00756, Kenhardt West of, 1–14.X.1954, A.J.T.Janse / Nemia angulata (Westwood, 1836), Det. M.W.Mansell 2013. (All TMSA). 1♂, NEUR 08896, Richtersveld, Blackie’s Prospect, 8 km E Die Koei, 28°18’S 17°05’E, 320m, 3.x.1991, M.W.Mansell / Collected at light. (SANC). 1♂, A001233 [Van] Wyk[s] Vlei, 10.85 / Nemia angulata Westw., det Bo Tjeder 1966; 1♂, SAM–NEU–A001241, Nemoptera bacillaris Klug / Identified with Nemoptera angulata Westw. (SAMC). NAMIBIA, Karas Region. 3♂, NEUR 08897, Obib Dunes 54 mi N.E. Oranjemund, S.W.Afr., 19.ix.1962, H.D.Brown, W.Furst; 2♂ 1♀, NEUR 08899, Diamond Area no.1, nr. Aurusberg, 500m, 27°32’S 16°10’E, (2716Ca), 22.x.1974, M.W.Mansell / Collected at mercury vapour light, arid rocky terrain; 1♂, NEUR 03758, Rooiduine at Obib Mountains, 28°07’S 16°44’E, 1.xi.1999, M.W.Mansell / Handnetted on sand between Euphorbia bushes; 1♀, NEUR 08898, Obib Mountains, 28°00’S 16°39’E, 19.xi.1992, no collector name. (All SANC). 1♂, SAM–NEU–A001232, S.W.Africa, Kalkfontein / Nemia angulata Westw., det. Bo Tjeder 1966. Hardap Region. 1♀, A001230, Rehoboth, S.W.A / Nemia angulata Westw., det. Bo Tjeder 1966; (SAMC).</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is endemic to South Africa and Namibia (Fig. 172). In South Africa, the range encompasses the northern part of Namaqualand and extends eastwards to include the northern portion of the Nama Karoo Biome. In Namibia, the range includes the south-western portion of the Namib Desert. The habitats in these areas are characterised by extreme aridity, although the area along the coast is more humid and is characterised by winter rains and succulent vegetation, while the Nama Karoo region is typified by summer rain and a Karoo vegetation type.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A710FFFBFF0DF97C35325B70	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A712FFFCFF0DFBFB358558AD.text	03DBDF51A712FFFCFF0DFBFB358558AD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemia costalis (Westwood 1836)	<div><p>Nemia costalis (Westwood, 1836) .</p><p>(Figs 158, 165, 168, 173)</p><p>Synonomy</p><p>Nemoptera costalis Westwood, 1836: 75 .</p><p>Nematoptera costalis (Westwood): Westwood 1841: 12.</p><p>Halter costalis (Westwood): Kirby 1900: 458.</p><p>Eretmoptera costalis (Westwood): Navás 1910: 361.</p><p>Nemopterella costalis (Westwood): Navás 1911: 226.</p><p>Nemia costalis (Westwood): Navás 1915: 36.</p><p>Nemopterella sp.: Acker 1958: 106, f.7–8, 10, 12–18, 20, 22.</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, probably from the characteristic costal area in the forewings.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. Cape of Good Hope (“ CGH ”) . Type locality subsequently designated by Tjeder (1967): Clanwilliam, 32°10’S 18°53’E.</p><p>Type depository. OXUM .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nemia costalis resembles N. elongata by the same head colouration and abdominal pubescence patterns. Nemia costalis can easily be distinguished from N. elongata by the broad forewings with rounded apex (Fig. 165), while in N. elongata the forewings are more slender and the apex is short and acute (Fig. 163).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 10.9 (9.1–14.1); forewing 24 (21.6–28.4); hind wing: 52.2 (41.3–63.6); antenna 20.7 (14–24.2). Female: body length 10.4 (10.2–15); forewing 23.6 (20.4–27.9); hind wing 51 (41–61.4); antenna 15 (10.2–19.7). (N = 118).</p><p>Type material. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♀ (photo), (Fig. 158), labelled: “C.G.H.” [Cape of Good Hope] ( White handwritten label) / ‘W’ [Westwood] (blue handwritten label) / Nemopt. costalis Westw., Trans. Ent. Soc. (white handwritten label). (OXUM).</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. 1♀, TMSA00739, Zeekoeivlei Farm near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.735556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.139725" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.735556/lat -32.139725)">Clanwilliam</a> [32°08’23’’S 18°44’08’’E], 29.x.2002, M.V. Light, Farm Staff leg / Nemia costalis (Westwood, 1836), Det. M.W.Mansell 2013; 2♀, TMSA00738, same locality and collectors, 29.xi.2002 / Nemia costalis (Westwood, 1836), Det. M.W.Mansell 2013; 1♀, TMSA00740, same locality and collectors, 21.xi.2002 / Nemia costalis (Westwood, 1836), Det. M.W.Mansell 2013; 2♀, TMSA02052, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.883333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.883333/lat -32.166668)">Clanwilliam</a> [32°10’S 18°53’E], 11̶– 12.XI.1949, Dr. C. Koch, Nemia costalis Westw., / det. Bo Tjeder 1966; 2♀, TMSA00765, Diepkloof Farm near Clanwil- liam, 12.xii.2003 / M.V. Light, Farm Staff Leg / Nemia costalis (Westwood, 1836), Det. M.W.Mansell 2013. (All TMSA) . 25♂ 26♀, NEUR00702, Biedouw Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.233334/lat -32.133335)">Biedouw Valley</a>, 32°08’S 19°14’E, 29.ix.1986, M.W.Mansell, J.H.Hoffmann, Light ; 4♂ 6♀, NEUR01473, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.6&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.6/lat -32.133335)">Graafwater</a>, 32°08’S 18°36’E, 190m, 15.xi.1990, M.W. Mansell, R.B. Miller, L.A.Stange ; 3♂ 3♀, NEUR09821, Seekoevlei Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.75&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.15" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.75/lat -32.15)">Clanwilliam Dist.</a>, 32°09’S 18°45’E, 360 m, 27.xi.1996, R.G. Oberprieler ; 2♀, NEUR08890, Williston, 14.ix.1985, C.Quickelberge, J.G.H.Londt, At night light trap ; 1♀, NEUR09590, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.866667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.166668" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.866667/lat -32.166668)">Clanwilliam</a> [32°10’S 18°52’E], 10.xii.1996, E. Anderson ; 1♂, NEUR09591, Eliza- bethfontein Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.05" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.05/lat -32.05)">Cedarberg</a>, 32°03’S 19°03’E, 25.xi.1996, J. Colville ; 1♀, NEUR08888, 20 km SE Calvinia, 17.xi.1986, 3119 Db, 1050 m, J.G.H.Londt, C. Quickelberge, Flat scrubland ; 1♂, NEUR08889, 31 km N Matjiesfon- tein, 20.xi.1986, 3220 Dc, 1230m, J.G.H.Londt, C. Quickelberge, Flat open area with flowers; 7♂ 6♀, NEUR09682, Dwarsrivier Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.983334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.216667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.983334/lat -32.216667)">Clanwilliam Dist.</a>, 32°13’S 18°59’E, 26–27.x. 2006, 337m, A.K.Brinkman ; 1♀, NEUR08891, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.55" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.3/lat -32.55)">Kromrivier Farm</a>, 32°33’S 19°18’E (3219 Cb), 875m, 4–5.i.1975, M.W.Mansell ; 1♂ 11♀, NEUR1119, Clanwil- liam, Owls Hoot B &amp;B, 32°10’12’’S 18°53’52’’E, 87m, 18.xi.2001, M.W. Mansell, J.B. Ball. (All SANC) . 2♂ 1♀, SAM-NEU–A001227, Olifantsriver between Citrusdal and Clanwilliam / Nemia costalis Westw., det. Bo Tjeder 1966; 1♂, SAM-NEU–A001228, Clanwilliam, Coefobes, 1959 / Nemia costalis Westw., det. Bo Tjeder 1966; 2♂ 5♀, SAM-NEU–A001229, Bulshoek, Klaver, Clanw., Oct. 1950, Museum Staff / Nemia costalis Westw., det. Bo Tjeder 1966. (All SAMC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is confined to the Western Cape Province, South Africa (Fig. 173). The collection sites fall within the greater Cederberg Region. This area stretches from the town of Clanwilliam in the North to Citrusdal in the south in the Olifants River valley. The habitat in this region is typified by a Mediterranean climate with cold, wet winters and hot, dry summers (Cowling et al. 1996). The vegetation is composed of strandveld, renosterveld and fynbos.</p><p>Remarks. Westwood (1836) described Nemoptera costalis (= Nemia costalis) and Nemoptera angulata (= Nemia angulata) in the same paper as two distinct species. However, this classification was disputed by Hagen (1866) who synonymised N. costalis with N. angulata and, inversely, Kirby (1900) and Navás (1910) synonymised N. angulata with N. costalis . Tjeder (1967) recognised that they represented two distinct species and consequently redescribed both in his paper (Tjeder 1967).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A712FFFCFF0DFBFB358558AD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A714FFFEFF0DFF1C301C5DEC.text	03DBDF51A714FFFEFF0DFF1C301C5DEC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemia elongata Tjeder 1967	<div><p>Nemia elongata Tjeder, 1967</p><p>(Figs 159, 163, 170, 174)</p><p>Nemia elongata Tjeder, 1967: 444 .</p><p>Etymology. Not stated, but certainly from the elongated shape of the forewings.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.733334/lat -31.6)">Vanrhynsdorp</a>, 31°36’S 18°44’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. Among the Nemia species, N. elongata can be readily recognised by its slender forewings that have a subacute apex (Fig. 163).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 11.2 (10.2–13); forewing 26.4 (23.4–29.2); hind wing 61.5 (45–69.4); antenna 24.2 (20.5–26.7). Female: body length 12.9 (12–15.5); forewing 25.8 (24.8–27.8); hind wing 58.3 (57–61.8); antenna 17.8 (16–19.5). (N = 47).</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♂, TMSA02053, HOLOTYPE, Neu 108, Nemia elongata Tjeder (red printed label) / <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.733334/lat -31.6)">Vanrhynsdorp</a> [31°36’S 18°44’E], XI.1933, G.van Son (white printed label) / Holotypus ♂, Nemia elongata Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). Paratypes: 4♂ 5♀, Para- type Neu 110 Nemia elongata Tjeder (yellow printed label) / same data as holotype (white printed label) / Paratypus Nemia elongata Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). (<a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.733334/lat -31.6)">All</a> TMSA). 1♀, SAM–neu–A00 1231, Vanrhynsdorp [31°36’S 18°44’E], SAM museum (white handwritten label) / Paratypus Nemia elongata, Bo Tjeder 1966 . (SAMC) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. 3♂ 14♀, TMSA02087, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.6" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.733334/lat -31.6)">Vanrhynsdorp</a> [31°36’S 18°44’E], xi.1933, G.van Son / Nemia elongata Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013. (TMSA) . 14♂ 2♀, NEUR11751, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.735277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.615278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.735277/lat -31.615278)">Vanrhynsdorp Caravan Park</a>, 31°36’55’’S 18°44’07’’E, 124m, 4–6.x.2011, Light trap, A.P.Marais ; 1♂, NEUR09909, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=18.73139&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.607779" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 18.73139/lat -31.607779)">Vanrhynsdorp</a>, 31°36’28’’S 18°43’53’’E, 24.xi.2008, C.H.Scholtz, At light ; 2♂, NEUR09870, same locality and collector, 8.xi.2008, At light. (All SANC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. This species is only known from Vanrhynsdorp in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa (Fig. 174). The town is within the Knersvlakte Bioregion (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006) or Vanrhynsdorp centre. The area occupies the southern part of Namaqualand and is close to the west coast. Generally, the habitat is semi-arid, characterised by a winter rainfall regime and succulent vegetation.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A714FFFEFF0DFF1C301C5DEC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A717FFE0FF0DFD7831725E20.text	03DBDF51A717FFE0FF0DFD7831725E20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemia karrooa (Peringuey 1911)	<div><p>Nemia karrooa (Péringuey, 1911)</p><p>(Figs 160, 164, 169, 175)</p><p>Nemoptera (Eretmoptera) karrooa Péringuey, 1911: 36 .</p><p>Nemopterella karrooa (Péringuey): Navás 1912: 9.</p><p>Nemia karrooa (Péringuey): Tjeder 1967: 448.</p><p>Etymology. Derived the common name of the various Pentzia species (karoo bushes), the dominant shrubs that characterise the Karoo biomes of South Africa, and in which N. karrooa is widespread.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Western Cape Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.1&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.266666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.1/lat -33.266666)">Tulbagh</a>, 33°16S 19°06E .</p><p>Type depository. SAMC .</p><p>Diagnosis. This species shares the distinct dark thoracic stripes of N. angulata and N. costalis (Fig. 169). Nemia karrooa resembles N. costalis in having similar abdominal pubescence stripe patterns. It resembles N. angulata by the similar colouration of the forewing veins, costal membrane and subcostal and anal areas. It can be distinguished from the former species by having a slightly broader forewing with less acute apex (Fig. 164), and from the latter by a much paler pterostigma and far less whitish pubescence on the thoracic pleurites.</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 12.3 (10.6–14.2); forewing 27.6 (24.4–30); hind wing 61.0 (58.8–69.9); antenna 25.5 (21.4– 28.5). Female: body length 13.2 (12.4–14.7); forewing 26.3 (25.6–27); hind wing 59.1 (58.3–60); antenna 17.8 (17–18.8). (N = 58).</p><p>Type material Examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Western Cape Province. Holotype ♀, SAM–NEU–A001237, Tulbagh, R.Lightfoot 1910 (white handwritten label) / Nemoptera tulbaghia ♀ type, Py (white handwritten label) / Holotypus Nemoptera (Eretmoptera) karrooa Péringuey (red handwritten label) / Nemia karrooa Per., det. Bo Tjeder 1966 (white printed label). (SAMC).</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 1♂, NEUR08895, 9 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.847778&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.334446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.847778/lat -31.334446)">Km</a> W of Williston, 31°20’4’’S 20°50’52’’E, 10.xi.1998, J.G.H.Londt, 1080m, Karoo vegetation at foot of rocky ridge ; 1♂, NEUR01476, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.233334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-32.9" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.233334/lat -32.9)">Milddlepos</a>, 32°54’S 20°14’E, 1120m, 16.xi.1990, M.W. Mansell, R.B.Miller, L.A.Stange ; 1♂, NEUR01480, Ster- kfontein Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.516666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.8" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.516666/lat -31.8)">Williston</a> Dist, 31°48’S 20°31’E, 1200m, 17.xi.1990, M.W. Mansell, R.B.Miller, L.A.Stange ; 1♀, NEUR01346, Westdene Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=23.733334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 23.733334/lat -31.4)">Richmond District</a>, 31°24’S 23°44’E, 1320m, 14.xii.1989, M.W.Mansell, Handnetted ; 1♂ 3♀, NEUR12586, Kelkiewyn Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=19.6925&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-31.20028" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 19.6925/lat -31.20028)">Calvinia District</a>, 31°12’01’’S 19°41’33’’E, 22–23.x. 2013, 661m, C.H.Scholtz . 7♂ 3♀, NEUR118110, same locality and collector, 25.x.2011, At light . 1♂ 5♀, NEUR09923, same locality and collector, 1–3.xii.2008, At light. (All SANC) . Western Cape Province. 1♂, NEUR08894, Prince Albert Dist, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.283333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.133335" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.283333/lat -33.133335)">Tierberg Research Station</a>, 33°08’S 22°17’E, 26.xii.1989, W.R.J.Dean / Collected at light ; 2♂, NEUR08893, same locality and collector, x.1989; 1♂, NEUR02164, same locality and collector, x.1990; 1♂ 1♀, NEUR02117, Boonsteveld, 25 K. N <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.860834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.19639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.860834/lat -33.19639)">Laingsburg</a> [33°11’47’’S 20°51’39’’E], 10.xi.1985, M.D.Picker ; 5♂ 1♀, NEUR10118, Oorlogskloof Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.726112&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.36333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.726112/lat -33.36333)">Klaarstroom District</a>, 33°21’48’’S 22°43’34’’E, 897m, 21.xi.2008, At light, A.P.Marais ; 1♂, NEUR10119, Oukloof Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=22.136667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.273056" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 22.136667/lat -33.273056)">Prince Albert District</a>, 33°16’23’’S 22°08’12’’E, 745m, 22–23.xi.2008, At light, A.P.Marais ; 8♂ 7♀, NEUR09864, Wamakerskraal Farm, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.593334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.034164" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.593334/lat -33.034164)">Laingsburg District</a>, 33°02’03’’S 21°35’36’’E, 350m, 11.x.2008, J.B.Ball, A.P.Mariais, Light. (All SANC) . 1♂, A001338, Klaarstroom, Prince Albert / Nemia karrooa Per., det. Bo Tjeder 1966 ; 3♂, A001239, Dikbome, Merweville Koup, C.P / Nemia karrooa Per., det. Bo Tjeder 1966 ; 1♂, A001240, Koup Siding, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=20.860834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.19639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 20.860834/lat -33.19639)">Laingsburg</a> [33°11’47’’S 20°51’39’’E], C.P. / Nemia karrooa Per., det. Bo Tjed- er. (All SAMC) .</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Nemia karrooa occurs in the Northern and Western Cape provinces, South Africa (Fig. 175). Compared to other species in the genus, this species has a wide distribution. The range extends over the Fynbos, Succulent Karoo and Nama Karoo Biomes. The habitat consequently ranges from arid to semi-arid with different rainfall seasons and different vegetation cover according to biome type.</p><p>Remarks. The female holotype of N. karrooa was originally described by Péringuey (1911) and deposited in the South African Museum, Cape Town. When he examined the holotype Tjeder (1967), observed that it is labelled “ Nemoptera tulbaghia ♀./ type Per” with type locality “Tulbagh, R. Lightfoot 1910” instead of Nemoptera karrooa as Péringuey had named it in his paper. Tjeder assumed that the change in the species name from tulbaghia to karrooa may have been because Péringuey has been informed by Lightfoot (the collector of the species) that the type specimen had, in fact, been collected from Laingsburg in the Karoo region and not from Tulbagh, and Péringuey inadvertently did not change the label. Tjeder (1967) consequently amended the label to “ Holotypus, Nemoptera (Eretmoptera) karrooa Péringuey ” and then substituted the name Nemoptera with Nemia in his paper.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A717FFE0FF0DFD7831725E20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A709FFE4FF0DFE3C31FF5869.text	03DBDF51A709FFE4FF0DFE3C31FF5869.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemia lata Tjeder 1967	<div><p>Nemia lata Tjeder, 1967</p><p>(Figs 161, 166, 171, 176)</p><p>Nemia lata Tjeder, 1967: 450</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, most likely from the Latin word lata (broad) for it is broad forewings and large body size.</p><p>Type locality. South Africa, Northern Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.590834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.118889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.590834/lat -30.118889)">Soebatsfontein</a>, 30°07’08’’S 17°35’27’’E .</p><p>Type depository. TMSA .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nemia lata is a distinct species that can be readily diagnosed by its large body size and the broad forewings that are sharply emarginated before the apex (Figs 161, 166).</p><p>Size (mm). Male: body length 12.3 (10.4–14.3); forewing 29.6 (22.2–34.5); hind wing 67.7 (50.5–78.1); antenna 29.9 (26.8–33.7); Female: body length 12.7 (11–15.9); forewing 28.1 (24.5–30.8); hind wing 62.8 (54.5–71); antenna 19.4 (15.1–23.5). (N = 93)</p><p>Type material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. Holotype ♂, TMSA02054 HOLOTYPE, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=17.590834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-30.118889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 17.590834/lat -30.118889)">Neu</a> 119, Nemia lata Tjeder (red printed label) / SOEBATSFONTEIN [30°07’08’’S 17°35’27’’E], 13– 14.11.1933 / G.van Son (white printed label) / Holotypus ♂ Nemia lata Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red handwritten label). Paratypes: 1♂ 7♀, same data as holotype. (All TMSA) . 1♂, SAM–NEU–A001242 O’kiep, 18.11. [18]85 (white handwritten label) / Paratypus Nemia lata Tjed., Bo Tjeder 1966 (red printed label); 1♀, SAM–NEU–A001243 (SAMC), same data but 14.11.[18]85. (Both SAMC) .</p><p>Other material examined. SOUTH AFRICA, Northern Cape Province. 1♂, TMSA 00766, Soebatsfontein [30°07’08’’S 17°35’27’’E], IV.[19]54, A.J.T.Janse / Nemia lata Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013; 3♂ 12♀, TMSA 00761, same locality but 13–14.11 [19]33, G.van Son / Nemia lata Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013; 1♂, TMSA 00761, same locality and data / Nemia lata Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013 / Nemia sp., Det. Bo. Tjeder 1966; 1♀, TMSA 00754, Bitterfontein, 12.x.1983, R.Mijburg / Nemia lata Tjeder, 1967, Det. M.W.Mansell 2013. (All TMSA). 2♂, NEUR 11242, Lang Hoogte Mine Office, 29°32’19’’S 17°23’27’’E, 100m, 27.x.1996, A.J.van Wyk; 1♂, NEUR 08938, same locality and collector but 18.x.1996; 1♂ 3♀, NEUR 09624, same locality and collector but 19.x.1996 / Collected at light; 3♂, NEUR 09623, same locality and collector but 12.xi.1996; 5♂ 2♀, NEUR 09622, same locality and collector but 4–5.xi.1996. 3♂ 1♀, NEUR 09629, same locality and collector but 6.xi.1996 / Collected at light; 3♂, NEUR 09766 same locality but 16.x.1996, J. duG.Harrison / Collected at light; 5♂ 1♀, NEUR 09627, Strydrivier Farm, 22 km NE Kleinsee, 29°34’S 17°17’E, 1.xi.1996, J. duG.Harrison, C.H.Scholtz / Handnetted During day; 12m 6♀, NEUR 009615, same locality but 31.x.1996, M.W.Mansell / Handnetted Dur- ing day; 1♂, NEUR 03762, Wallekraal, 30°23’S 17°30’E, 30.x.1999, R.D.Stephen; 3♂ 4♀, NEUR 00703 7 km N Soebatsfontein, 30°03’S 17°35’E, 6.x.1986, M.W.Mansell, J.H.Hoffmann, Handnetted: 8♀, NEUR 03763, Garies Caravan Park, 30°33’S 17°59’E, 31.x.1999, R.D.Stephen. (All Nemia lata Tjeder, 1967, det. M.W. Mansell 1986). (All SANC).</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Nemia lata is confined to the Northern Cape Province, South Africa and occupies small range in north-western Namaqualand (Fig. 176). The range falls within the Namaqualand Sandveld Bioregion (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006). The habitat in the area is characterised by winter rains and regular storms with low annual precipitation (50–80 mm). The vegetation cover is mainly succulent shrubs (Mucina &amp; Rutherford 2006).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A709FFE4FF0DFE3C31FF5869	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
03DBDF51A70CFFE6FF0DF8B835F25D79.text	03DBDF51A70CFFE6FF0DF8B835F25D79.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemia zebra Tjeder 1967	<div><p>Nemia zebra Tjeder, 1967</p><p>(Fig.177)</p><p>Nemia zebra Tjeder, 1967: 453 .</p><p>Etymology. Unknown, but certainly because the striped white portion of the hind wings that resemble zebra markings.</p><p>Type locality: South Africa, Western Cape Province. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=21.616667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-33.016666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 21.616667/lat -33.016666)">Botesland Siding</a>, 33°01’S 21°37’E .</p><p>Type depository. NMBZ .</p><p>Diagnosis. Nemia Zebra can be recognised by the remarkable crossed-striped apical parts of the hind wings, short antennae and the broad dark pterostigma.</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (not examined).</p><p>Distribution and habitat. Only known from the type locality. Botesland is a railway siding on the railway line between Laingsburg and Beaufort West (Fig. 177). The area is situated in the Central Karoo Municipality in the Western Cape. The habitat is dry and characterised by karoo type vegetation and late summer rainfall.</p><p>Remarks. Nemia zebra is the only Nemia spp. that is known from Botesland area and is still only represented by the male holotype.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03DBDF51A70CFFE6FF0DF8B835F25D79	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Abdalla, Ishtiag H.;Mansell, Mervyn W.;Sole, Catherine L.	Abdalla, Ishtiag H., Mansell, Mervyn W., Sole, Catherine L. (2019): Revision of the southern African genera Nemopterella Banks and Nemia Navás (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae: Nemopterinae), with descriptions of new genera and species. Zootaxa 4635 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4635.1.1
