taxonID	type	description	language	source
03DD61577C09FFDAFF2EC58EFD592046.taxon	description	Measurements. Body length: 1.8 mm, width: 0.62 mm (n = 1) ex gall Andricus quercusradicis (Fabricius) (Sexual generation). Description (Figs 4 B, 5 B). Whitish; integument mostly smooth and glabrous on all body segments; small, 2.5 × as long as broad and tapering gradually posteriorly (Fig. 4 B) and strongly curved ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 5 B); ventral margins of body segments straight. Head (anterior view) more or less trapezoid, 1.1 – 1.3 × as broad as high; vertex slightly incised medially (Fig. 6 B); cephalic chaetotaxy pattern as in A. glandium consisting of by very short and inconspicuous setae (Fig. 6 B); ventral margin of clypeus straight; labrum large and trapezoid, more than 4 × wider than long (Fig. 7 B). Mouth parts (Fig. 7 B). Maxillae indistinct; two pairs of inconspicuous maxillary setae; labium sub-rectangular, rugose and convex and not collapsed; labium setae invisible. Mandibles (Fig. 8 B); tooth almost 1.8 × longer than wide measured at its base; angle separating inner side of tooth and base of the mandible obtuse (> 90 º); outer margin of tooth almost straight, slightly curved near sharp apex.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C09FFDAFF2EC58EFD592046.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Adults of C. fungosa (Fig. 9 E) are common, widespread parasitoids in oak gall wasp communities (Askew 1961; Schönrogge et al. 1996; Bailey et al. 2009; Lohse et al. 2010). In Europe it has been reared mainly from galls of Biorhiza pallida (Olivier) and several species of Andricus Hartig and Cynips Linnaeus (Cynipidae) (Nieves-Aldrey & Askew 1988).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C09FFDAFF2EC58EFD592046.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ex gall A. quercusradicis (Sexual generation) on Quercus pyrenaica, Spain, Madrid: El Escorial (29 / VI / 2006) J. L. Nieves leg. (n = 3).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C09FFDAFF2EC6CBFDFB26D9.taxon	description	Measurements. Body length: 1.20 – 3.04 (2.21) mm, maximum width: 0.48 – 1.12 (0.82) mm (n = 43) ex gall A. quercusradicis (Agamic generation). Description. larger than C. fungosa; body almost 2.5 × as long as broad (Fig. 4 C) and slightly curved ventrally in lateral view (Fig. 5 C); ventral margin of body segments convex. Head (anterior view) regularly rounded, almost as broad as long; vertex clearly incised medially (Fig. 6 C); ventral margin of clypeus straight; labium more or less semicircular, 4 × wider than long (Fig. 7 C). Mouth parts (Fig. 7 C). Maxillae differentiated from labium; two pairs of maxillary palps visible with two pairs of very short setae; labium semicircular, convex and not collapsed, with a pair of inconspicuous setae.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C09FFDAFF2EC6CBFDFB26D9.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The species C. geganius is a specific parasitoid of the agamic generation of A. quercusradicis, which induces subterranean galls on roots and stolons of several species of Quercus in Europe (Fig. 9 F). The larvae of this species are gregarious, many parasitoid larvae being found in a single cell of the multilocular host gall.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C09FFDAFF2EC6CBFDFB26D9.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ex gall A. quercusradicis (Agamic generation) on Quercus faginea, Spain, Madrid: Villaviciosa de Odón (El Bosque) (n = 43).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C09FFDBFF2EC32CFC8A21D7.taxon	description	Measurements. Body length: 1.1 – 3.2 (2.1) mm, maximum width: 0.53 – 1.2 (0.7) mm (n = 48) ex gall Diplolepis mayri (Schlechtendal); body length: 0.75 – 3.3 (1.8) mm, maximum width: 0.6 – 0.8 (0.65) mm (n = 3) ex gall Diplolepis rosae (Linnaeus); body length: 1.4 – 1.55 (1.45) mm, maximum width: 0.6 mm ex gall Diplolepis spinosissimae (Giraud) (n = 2). Description. Whitish or yellowish; integument mostly smooth on all body segments, except first thoracic which appears striated-rugose and with a row of very short spiniform setae (Figs 4 D, 5 D, 6 D); body 2 × as long as broad, broadest at thoracic segments, tapering gradually posteriorly (Fig. 4 D); anal segment truncated, broader than long; body ventrally curved in lateral view (Fig. 5 D); ventral margins of body segments straight. Head (anterior view) (Fig. 6 D) rounded, 1.1 × as broad as high; upper margin of vertex also rounded; medial area of vertex slightly incised; head setae very short and indistinct; antero-medial setae of antennal area slightly above antennae; clypeal setae very short; antennae button-like; ventral margin of clypeus curved; labrum trapezoid, 4 × as long as wide (Figs 6 D, 7 D). Mouth parts (Fig. 7 D). Maxillae differentiated from labium; two pairs of maxillary palps visible with two pairs of very short setae; labium semicircular, convex and not collapsed, with a pair of inconspicuous setae. Mandibles (Fig. 8 C). Tooth 1.8 × longer than wide measured at its base; apex sharp, very thin and slender; angle separating inner side of tooth and base of mandible obtuse (> 90 º) with outer margin of tooth almost straight but with a broad, basal emargination.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C09FFDBFF2EC32CFC8A21D7.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Nordlander (1973) provided a detailed description of the terminal larva of the species. This species (Fig. 9 I) parasitizes primarily Diplolepis larvae on which it is a common ectoparasitoid and it has been reported also as a facultative hyperparasitoid of Glyphomerus stigma (Fabricius) (Torymidae) (Redfern & Askew 1992, Gómez et al. 2008). Another inhabitant of Diplolepis galls is Orthopelma mediator (Thunburg) (Ichneumonidae) which may also act as a secondary hyperparasitoid of P. bedeguaris. With Caenacis inflexa (Ratzeburg) (not included in this study), it is the only species of pteromalid reared from galls of Diplolepis on rose shrubs (Fig. 9 H).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C09FFDBFF2EC32CFC8A21D7.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ex gall D. mayri on Rosa sp., Spain, Guadalajara: Retiendas (n = 44) J. L. Nieves leg.; Soria: Cabrejas del Pinar (n = 2), Embalse de la Cuerda del Pozo: (n = 2). ex gall D. Rosae on Rosa sp., Spain, Leon: Valporquero (n = 1); Madrid: Casa Eulogio (n = 2) J. L. Nieves leg. ex gall D. Spinosissimae on Rosa sp., France, Pyrénées Atlantiques: Vallée D’Ossau (n = 2) J. L. Nieves leg.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C08FFDBFF2EC65DFD5F264E.taxon	description	Measurements. Body length: 1.3 – 2.3 (1.8) mm, maximum width: 0.5 – 0.8 (0.6) mm (n = 2) ex gall Aulacidea follioti Barbotin. Description. Whitish or yellowish; smaller with body 2.5 × as long as broad (Fig. 4 E). Head (anterior view) (Fig. 6 E). Regularly rounded, slightly broader than long; vertex clearly incised medially. Mouth parts (Fig. 7 E). Ventral margin of clypeus straight; labium large and more or less rectangular, 3 × wider than long.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C08FFDBFF2EC65DFD5F264E.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The species P. hieracii is a parasitoid of several cynipid galls in Asteraceae plants such as Hieracium spp. (Fig. 9 B). In the Palaearctic region apart from A. follioti it has been reared from galls of Aulacidea hieracii (Linnaeus), Aulacidea tragopogonis (Thomson), Isocolus jaceae (Schenck), Isocolus scabiosae (Giraud), Phanacis caulicola (Hedicke), Phanacis centaureae (Förster), Phanacis hypochoeridis (Kieffer), Timaspis lampsanae (Perris), Timaspis lusitanica Tavares; and also from galls of Aylax papaveris (Perris) on Papaver spp. (Papaveraceae) (Askew et al. 2006). It is always a primary ectoparasitoid of the cynipid larvae.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C08FFDBFF2EC65DFD5F264E.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ex gall A. follioti on Sonchus asper (Asteraceae), France, Pyrénées Atlantiques: Vallée D’Aspe (07 / 08 / 2003) J. L. Nieves leg. (n = 2).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C08FFDBFF2EC0A6FB5124CA.taxon	description	Measurements. Body length: 1.7 – 2 (1.8) mm, maximum width: 0.8 – 1 (0.9) mm (n = 4) ex gall Xestophanes potentillae (Retzius). Description. body more or less fusiform, tapering slightly anteriorly and gradually posteriorly, widest at middle (Fig. 4 F). Head (anterior view) (Fig. 6 F). Almost hexagonal; antennal area not bulging and relatively conspicuous. Mouth parts (Fig. 7 F). Ventral margin of the clypeus curved; labrum more or less trapezoid almost 3.3 × wider than long.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C08FFDBFF2EC0A6FB5124CA.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The species P. isarchus is an oligophagous parasitoid of Xestophanes (Cynipidae) galls on Potentilla spp. (Fig. 9 C). It is mainly a primary ectoparasitoid of cynipid larvae and in the Palaearctic has been recorded from two different species of Xestophanes (Askew et al. 2006), although in the Iberian Peninsula it is more commonly found within the parasitoid community of X. potentillae (Garrido-Torres & Nieves-Aldrey 1990, Gómez et al. 2006).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C08FFDBFF2EC0A6FB5124CA.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ex gall X. potentillae on Potentilla reptans (Rosaceae), Spain, Asturias: Ajuyán-Oviedo (07 / 09 / 2005) L. Parra leg. (n = 3); Tarragona: Colldejou (14 / 08 / 2003) J. L. Nieves leg. (n = 1).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C0BFFD8FF2EC58EFD42202A.taxon	description	Measurements. Body length: 1.5 – 1.8 (1.7) mm, maximum width: 0.7 – 0.9 (0.8) mm (n = 4) ex gall Neaylax versicolor (Nieves-Aldrey). Description. Single row of very short setae visible on thoracic segments (Figs 4 G, 6 G); body strongly curved ventrally (Fig. 5 G). Head (anterior view) (Fig. 6 G). Trapezoid with the vertex strongly incised medially; antennal area bulging and conspicuous. Mouth parts (Fig. 7 G). Ventral margin of clypeus straight; labrum subrectangular, 4.5 × wider than long. Mandibles (Fig. 8 E). Tooth relatively short and wide and slightly recurved from its base; angle separating inner side of tooth and base of mandible nearly 90 º with outer margin relatively convex.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C0BFFD8FF2EC58EFD42202A.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. Askew & Nieves-Aldrey (2005) provided a detailed description of the terminal larva of R. fumariae. The species has been recently described and a new genus was created to include it. The species is strictly associated with galls on fruits of Fumaria spp. (Papaveraceae) induced by N. versicolor (Fig. 9 G). It is a monophagous primary ectoparasitoid and has so far been recorded in only a few localities in Spain (Askew & Nieves-Aldrey 2005; Askew et al. 2006; Gómez et al. 2006).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C0BFFD8FF2EC58EFD42202A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ex gall N. versicolor on Fumaria sp., Spain, Almería: San José (n = 2); Madrid: Rivas- Vaciamadrid (n = 1); Tarragona: Marçá (n = 1).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C0BFFD8FF2EC67FFDD625AD.taxon	description	Measurements. Body length: 1.9 mm, maximum width: 0.8 mm (n = 1) ex gall T. lampsanae. Description. Whitish; integument smooth and almost glabrous with a row of very short spiniform setae on each thoracic segment; body subrectangular, 2.3 × as long as broad (Figs 4 H, 5 H); anal segment truncated, broader than long; body (lateral view) not ventrally curved (Fig. 5 H); intersegmental areas visible; ventral margin of body segments strongly convex (Fig. 5 H). Head (anterior view) (Fig. 6 H) rounded, 1.05 × as broad as high; upper margin and medial area of vertex also rounded; with some pairs of setae but very short and indistinct; antero-medial setae of antennal area slightly above antennae; clypeal and latero-clypeal setae very short, situated at different levels between antennae and clypeus, being closer to clypeal area; antennal area and antennae conspicuous and nipple-shaped; ventral margin of clypeus straight; labrum rectangular, 2.6 × as long as wide (Fig. 7 H). Mouth parts (Fig. 7 H). Maxillae triangular, differentiated from labium, with one pair of very short setae on each maxilla; maxillary palps not visible; labium concave and collapsed, with a pair of inconspicuous setae. Mandibles (Fig. 8 D) clearly visible externally; tooth 1.35 × longer than wide measured at its base; apex sharp and slender; angle separating inner side of tooth and base of mandible nearly 90 º with outer margin relatively convex.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C0BFFD8FF2EC67FFDD625AD.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology. The small genus Stinoplus Thomson currently includes eight species (Graham 1969; Noyes 2011; Askew 2011). It is only associated with cynipid galls on herbs and shrubs of different species in the Palaearctic region (Askew et al. 2006) (Fig. 9 J). The terminal instar larva (Fig. 9 K) is a specific primary ectoparasitoid of T. lampsanae.	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
03DD61577C0BFFD8FF2EC67FFDD625AD.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. ex gall T. lampsanae on Lapsana communis (Asteraceae), Spain, Madrid: El Escorial (17 / 09 / 2005) (J. L. Nieves leg.) (n = 1).	en	Gómez, Jose F., Nieves-Aldrey, Jose Luis (2012): Notes on the larval morphology of Pteromalidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) species parasitoids of gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Europe. Zootaxa 3189: 39-55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280035
